BOTANICAL SURVEY OF THE OZARK NATIONAL SCENIC ...

BOTANICAL SURVEY OF THE

OZARK NATIONAL SCENIC RIVERWAYS

Prepared for the

National Park Service

Under Contract No. IL~-I0-9-900-168

by

Paul L. Redfearn Jr., Principal Investigator

Grant L. Pyrah, Staff Botanist

Wallsce R. Weber, Staff Botanist

John T. Witherspoon, Graduate Assistant

Department of Life Sciences

Southwest Missouri State College

Springfield, Missouri 65802

CONTENTS

Introduction ........................ I

Field Methods ..................... 2

$tation and Site Surveys .................. 6

Summary of the Plant Communities of the Ozark

National Scenic Hiverways .............. ~20

Recommendations for Additional Studies .......... ~62

Regions and/or Plants ~hat Should Be Protected ...... 465

References Cited ..................... 469

Figures i - 39 ................... 468 -513

Appendix I. Check List of Plants Found in the

Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Summer-

Fall, 1969 ...................... 514

Appendix I!. Vegetation Maps of the Current

and Jacks Fork Rivers Within the Ozark

National Scenic Riverways .............. 547

INTRODUCTION

This report is based on a survey of the vegetation of

the Ozark National Scenic Riverways conducted during the period

of 27 June to 12 October, 1969. The primary objective of this

survey was to obtain as much information about the plant life

along the Jacks ~ork and Current ~ivers as funds and time

permitted. This information has been used to list and discuss

the diversity of plant communities present and, with the aid of

aerial photographs, to prepare a vegetation map of the Scenic

Riverways.

Detailed de~criptions of each area studied and summary

discussions of the types of plant communities, inc.~uding o1@

fields, found along the ~.Zcenic Rivers are contained in the bo~y

~h~o report. Areas that were found to have rare or unique

olants are " ~ ~ ~" ~"~ ~.~n~m±ied ~md recommended for special protection.

Finally, during the course of this study many problems and

questions develo~ed~., for which there are at the oresent., time,

no answer~ A~ltiona~ ~o~ is recommended in these areas.

Field Methods

Originally, the basic plan of study was to establish a

number of belt transects from stream-side to the open slope or

ridge above. However, it was soon apparent that in order to

cover as much territory as possible, it would be necessary to

modify this original plan. The method fina!]~y adopted was to

study as many stations along the river as time and. funds per-

mitted and at each station to s~nple as many sites as necessary

in order to include the different plant communities present.

Stations (See Nap I) were located along the rivers so as to

sample as many t~}es of plant communities as possible. Past

experience of the principal investigator and aerial photographs

aided in the selection of stations.

The sites studied at each station were not located at

random. Rather, they were placed in plant communities that

were obviously different either in physiognomy and/or topographic

position. The size of the site sample varied, ranging from

I00 x !O0 feet to 50 x 200 feet. The square sample plot was

adequate where the topographic relief was not great. On steep

slopes or long narrow bottom-land area, the rectangular plot

was found to be more suitab~.e. In some situations where the

topography was very irregular, plotless sampling was employed.

In such cases, at ~east 50 or more measurable trees were counted.

For each site the fo].lowing physical information was

obtained when possible: degree of slope, elevation, topographic

position, soil characteristics, particularly pH, type of rock

exposed, and estimate of canopy. All trees with a d.b.h.~ 4 inches

were counted and measured. For small trees and saplings, shrubs,

~ b~yoohytes and lichens,herbaceous s~ecies, and in some cases, _ .~..

an estimate of abundance was made according to the following

classes:

Abundance Classes

! - Very Abundant - 51 or more plant units per sitesample.

2 - Abundant - ii to ~~ ~<., plant units per site sample.

7

DENT CO.

C ARTER

Map I. Location of Sample Stations a!ong the JacksFork and Current Rivers in ~[issouri.

3 - !nfrecuent - 6 to I0 plant units per site sample.~- - Rare~ ~ to 5 plant units per site sample.5 - Very Rare - I plant unit per site sample.P -l~resent, abundance not estimated.

~here the topography was too rugged for accurate quantitative

sampling but the flora so diverse and interesting as to warrant

attention, quantitative sampling was not attempted and only

species lists were compiled.

It is recognized that the above sampling procedures do not

orovide the type of random information desirable for definitive

ecological studies. Ho~ever, as the objective of this study

to characterize the p~ant communities as to physiognomy and

major components, it was felt that the use of selected sites

in ~hich all trees ~ere counted would provide not only a more

complete listing of species and their relative importance at

each site, but a better record of the diversity of plant commun-

ities present.

For each site where trees ~ere tabulated and measured,

Relative Density and Percent Composition of Basal Area ~ere

calculated for each species, according to the following formulas:

Relative Density = No. of trees of Species A x I00of Species A Total number of trees sampled

~,~ Composition of = Basal Area for Soecies A x I00.Basal Area o~ Species A Total Basal Area, All Species

Voucher specimens of all plants collected ha~e been deposited

in the herbarium o~ Sout~est ~issouri State Golle~e. A selected

mounted reference set has been sent to the Ozark National Scenic

~iverways headquarters at Van Buren, Missouri, and an unmounted

selected reference set sent to the U. S. National Museum.

With regard to these collections, it should be noted that

each station was visited only once and that herbaceous species

recorded represent only those taxa present and identifiab~oe at

that time. Consequently, the record of herbaceous taxa is

incomplete and at times inaccurate. For instance, few spring

flowers were still present in early s~amer ~hile at the same

time late summer and autumn herbaceous flora was either absent

or represented by a z.o,e~, abundance class than ,~ould have been

acertained at a later date.

STATION AND SITE .... ~r ....

Station l, Sites ].-9 (~/-,=-,~ June, 1969)

~o" T. R. %~ )~,..~ 2 (Sect. ~ Om,T

Station I is locate(], ca. % mile east of !lwy. 17 in an area

known as Buck Ho]lo,,.~. m~{~_~.., surface rocks consist .oredominant!y

of a crystalline cherty do].omite (Gaconade formation) with some

sandstone .koub ..... oux formation) present a!on~ the ridges. This

station zllu~r<:,.bes the diversity off olant communities, such as

6ravel bars (<~+eo,..~.~ ] n..n~._, ._°~, talus .... slones (site 5), stream banks

(site ~), b].u~ (site .’~ " ~ (~" and forests (sites 6-, . , ,.,, rn~rine~, ,~lte 9),

8) that can !oe encountered t.rithin a limited sPea.

Site ! (!.5 x 25 feet) is located on a .flat gravel area covered

by sh~±low water a]on~,;,~ ;~le edEe~ of a dee,~ _nool in the river channel..Herbaceous s?ec#es dominate this habitat with Justica ~ericana*

-~ , ,~hile both ~~s alba and Unio]a ]atifo!iabeing very abun{~_cnt,

are abundant. ~:~:,p_~ings of the trees, F~atsnus occidentalis and

~e VJtis ruoestris, a~e also abun-Salix caro!iniana, and ta. vine, __ . _

dant. Experience with similar bars later in the growing season

suggests that this esrTy s~mer flora is rather limited and that

many more s~eci~~~ .~ _~ ~J!]._ occur here later in the summer. However,

it does illustrate the essential dominance of herbaceous taxa in

the early stages of coloni)~ation of grave! bars.

Site 2 (,n.~b~ x ~5C ...... Ceet,,~ ~_o:- }ocated on an old ~rawe! bar

5-8 feet above the river %b~t lies bet’,~een the river %0 the south

and an intermittent stream bed to the north. A number of trees

show evidence off re-~p~ ~ " ¯,~.:-,~,,~ ?]ood database. The ~,~ominant trees on

this bar are _?!<tt~nus occ.identa]is~ U]mus ~americsn£~ and Acer

ne~undo. The under~tory is dense and com?osed of m@ny small

and vine~, .,~.~ rICH] - ~a ’-’

, mt:~<-<~< ....... S~].ix oRrollniana, and Vitis

. . . z.,. ic " ,) .....u,)~ of the lack ofmay not increase si}]n’~" antly in number

, ~-- ~st o£ the taxa at s~te 2,OOe~ areas o~ %Ills oar. For

see Table 1.

TABLE i

Floristic Composition of Station l, Site 2. Total numberof measurable trees = 32. Total basal area of all trees =1160 sq. in.

Trees RelativeDensity

% Compositionof Basal Area

Acer negundo 25.0

A. saccharum 3.1

Bumelia lanuginosa 3.1

Celtis occidentalis 6.3

Cercis canadensis

Comus drummondi

Cornus obliqua

Fraxinus americana 9.4

Gleditsia triacanthos

Juglans cinerea

Juniperus virginiana

Platanus occidentalis 28.1

Quercus rubra

Salix caroliniana

Staphylea trifolia

Ulmus americana 21.8

Ulmus rubra

Viburnum rufidulum

Ii.00o.~_70.17

0.25

lO.5O

52.5o

18.5o0.17

Abundance Classof Saplings

1

1

i

51

2

Shrubs and Vines Estimate ofAbundance

Hamame!is vernalis 5

Physocarpus opulifolius 5

Rhus radicans 5

Campsis radicans 4

Parthenocissus quinquefolia 4

Vitis rupestris ~

Amorpha fruiticosa 3

Rosa sp. 3

Rubus sp. 3

Symphoricarpms orbicularis 3

Hydrangea arborescens 2

Herbaceous Species

Elymus virginicus

Desmodium sp.

Lysimachia ciliata

Vernonia crinita

Daucus carota

Houstonia sp.

Monarda russe].iana

Polanisia dodecandra

Anemone virginiana

Melilotus albus

Thaspium barbinode

Uniola latifolia

Estimate ofAbundance

3

P

Site 3 includes an area along the edge of the river at

the base of a steep talus slope and bluff where there are many

large boulders that are partially submerged in the river. In

this distinctly aquatic situation three species, NBphar luteum

subsp, ozarkanum, S¢irpus americanus, and Eleocharis smallii,

all infrequent, are present. The first species is rooted~in

deep water along the edge of the river, while the latter two

species are rooted in shallow water between the larger boulders.

Site 4 is a vertical, south-facing dolomitic bluff approx-

imately 40 feet high~ Soil, when present, is thin and found

in crevices or on narrow ledges. The vegetation of this bluff

is characteristic~of such a rigorous habitat. The tree~ ~

Juniperus virginiana, although infrequent, does attain a rather

large size, partic,ularly along the upper ledges of the bluff.

The shrubs, Andrachne phy~lanthoides and Hydrangea arborescens

are abundant, particul~rly along fissure lines in the bluff.~

The herbaceoustaxa, Aquilegia canadensis and Pellaea atropur-

purea are abundant .and characteristic of a bluff habitat. A

moss, G~ymonostomum so., isabundant and forms extensive tufa

along dripways and moist crevices. For a complete listing of

taxa at this site, see Table 2.

Site 5 (20 x 50 feet) is located at the base of a bluff on

a relatively steep (ca. 40° slope) south-facing bank of alluvial,

rocky, and alkaline (pH 7.8 - 7.9) soil. Because this site is

only 5 to 20 feet above the norma~ stream level, it is undoubt-

edly subject to flooding. The dominant tree species are

Platanus occidentally, especially near the edge of the water,

Ulmus rubra, and Quercus priniodes var. acuminata. This latter

species is more common along the upper part of the slope near

the base of the bluff. Although fewer in number, trees of

Platanus occidenta!is dominate the open (ca. 50%) canopy. Although

saplings of the dominants are absent, there are saplings of

potentially dominant trees, Jike Quercus rubra, Tilia american~,

and Fraxinus smerican~, present. The commonest understory

ll.

TABLE 2

Floristic Composition of Station I, Site

Trees Abundance Class

Celtis laevigata

Cercis canadensis


Ulmus alata 2


Andrachne phyllanthoides

Hydrangea arborescens

Symphoricarpos orbicularis

Herbaceous Species Estimate of’Abundance

Aquilegia canadensis

Galium sp.

Pellaea atropurpurea

Elymus virginicus

Leersia sp.

Panicum lanuginosumvat. lindheimeri

Bryophytes Estimate ofAbundance

Gymnostomum sp. 4

12.

trees are Cornus drummondii and Staphylea trifoliata. The

leading shrubs are ~ arborescens var. deamii and

Rosa setigera vat. tomentosa. The most conspicuous herbaceous

plants are Nelilotus albus, Sal~ia lyrata, and Uniola latifolia.

For a list of the remainder of the taxa present in site 5,

see Table 3.

Sites 6, 7, and 8 are located on a relatively steep and

rocky (ca. 40°) south-facing slope and ridge. Numerous boulders

of cherty dolomite and sandstone are scattered through the area.

Humus accumulation occurs on the ridge but there is little on

the slopes. At the base of the slope (site 6) the pH ranges

from 7.0 to 7.2, at mid-slope (site 8) ~.8 to 5.3, and on the

ridge (site 7) ~.7 to 5.4. The forest of th@ slope is obviously

secondary for there are numerous old and large (up to 31~ inches

in diameter) stumps present. The vegetation of these sites is

shown in Tables 4, 5, and 6.

Site 6 (i00 x I00 feet) is located in a mixed pine-hardwood

forest at the bottom of the slope. The dominant trees of this

forest, Pinu~ echinata, C__ar_~ tomentosa, ~uercus alb____~a, ~.

prinoides vat. acuminata, ~. rubra, ~. stellata~ and ~. rubra

produce a rather uneven canopy ranging from open to fairly

closed (10-60%). The herbaceous flora of this site is rich,

with Asplenium o~_~.atyneuron, Lobelia spicata, and Tephrosia

virginiana var. holosericea particularly conspicuous. On rock

ledges the ferns Cheilanthes feei and C~ystopteris fra~ilis are

common. The abundance and diversity of bryophytes and lichens

in this forest is indicative of the wide range of microhabitats

present. Grimmia alpicola, ~. ~..aevi~ata, Hedwigia ciliata,

Tortella humilis, and ~tychomitrium incurvum are especially

conspicuous on the exposed rocks, while Leucodon ~ulaceus,

Drummondia prorep.ens, and Haplo~menium triste are abundant on

many tree trunks. The understory trees, Cercis canadensis,

Amelanchier arborea, and Ulmus alatus, are abundant and

typical of dry south-facing slopes.

Site 8 (200 x I00 x 150 x I00 feet) lies approximately

13.

TABLE

Floristic Composition of Station i, Site 5.number of measurable trees = 22.

trees = 1645 sq. in.



Carpinus caroliniana 5.0

Celtis occidentalis

Comus drummondi

Crataegus sp.

Diospyros virginiana


F. pennsylvanica

Gleditsia triacanthos 5.0

Hamamelis vernalis


Quercus prinoides 32.0v. acuminata

Q. rubra

Salix caroliniana

Staphylea trifolia

Tilia americana

Ulmus americana 5.0

U. rubra 20.0

Shrubs and Vines

TotalTotal basal area of all

% Composition Abundance Classof Basal Area of Saplings

1.5 -1.7 2

2

-2

-

~.9 -26.$ -

2.7i0.0


2

2

2

Hydrangea arborescens vat. desmii

Rosa setigera var. tomentosa

Cephalanthus occidentalis

Vitis sp.

~AB~E 5 (CON’ ~)

Herbaceous Species

Melilotus albus

Salvia lyrata

Uniola latifolia

Coreopsis pubescens

Elymus virginicus

Lysimachia ciliata

Penstemon tubaeflorus

Satureja arkansana

Solida~o sp.

Dioscorea villosa

Passiflora lutea var.glabriflora

Silphium perfoliatum

~halictrum revolutum

Blephilia ciliata

Bromus purgans

Daucus carota

Medicago lupu!ina

Setaria viridis

Teucrium canadense vat.vir~inicum


2

2

2

2

P

P

P

P

P

P

TABLE 4

Floristic Composition of Station I, Site 6. Total numberof measurable trees = 35. Total basal area of all trees =2095 sq. in.

Trees Relative % CompositionDensity of Basal Area

Acer saccharum ....

Carya cordiformis 5.7

Carya tomentosa 2.9

Celtis laevigata

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida 14.3

C. obliqua




Nyssa sylvatica

Pinus echinata 14.3

Quercus alba 17.1

Q. prinoides vat. ll.4acuminata

Q. rubra 5.7

Q. stellata 22.9

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus alata ....

U. rubra 2.9

Viburnum rufidulum

Abundance Class’of’ ’S~plings

2.5 3

0.6 42

-

0.6 3

11

33.8 3

44.1 ~

5.3

7.8 4

~9-5 4

2

1.8 ~

Herbaceous Spe,cies

Asplenium platyneuron

Lobelia spicata

Tephrosia virginiana var.holosericea

Estimate of~b~dance

4

44

TABLE 4 (CON’T)

Cheilanthes feel

Cystopteris fragilis

Asplenium ruta-muraria var.cryp~tolepis

Anemone virginiana

Antennaria plantaginifolia

Apocynum cannabinum

Baptisia leucophaea

Blephilia ciliata

Botrychium virginianum

Bromus sp.

Ceanothus americanus

Coreopsis palmata

Delphinium carolinianumvar.crispum

Elymus vir~inicus

Erigeron strigosus var.strigosus

Galium concinnum

Galium pilosum

Gerardia flava

Heliopsis he~ianthoides var.occidentalis

Hypericum sphaerocarpum

Lespedeza sp.

Lespedeza sp.

Lobelia inflata

Panicum boscii

Panicum linearifolium

Panicum sp.

Panicum sp.

Parthenium hispidum


Petalostemon candidum

Phlox pilosa var. pilosa

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

16.

TABLE ~ (CON’T)

Polygala senega var. latifolia

Rhynchosia inflata

Rudbeckia hirta

Sanicula canadensis

Schrankia uncinata

Scutellaria ovata vat. ovata

Silphium asteriscus

Silphium terebinthinaceum

Sorghastrum nutans

Tradescantia ohiensis

Zizia aurea

T~xa

BryoDhytes and,~Lichens

Substrate

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

Grimmia laevigata

Hedwigia ciliata

Leucodon julaceus

Nnium cuspidatum

Ptychomitrium incurvum

Tortella humilis

Anomodon attenuatus

Anomodon rostratus

Brachythecium serrulatum

Drummondia prorepens

Entodon seductrix

Frullania sp.

Haplohymenium triste

Parmela sp.

Sematophyllum carolinianum

Thelia lescurii

Thuidium recognitum

Weissia controversa

open sandstone

sandstone

tree trunks

limestone

sandstone

sandstone

limestone

limestone

sandstone

tree trunk

sandstone

sandstone

on Quercus

sandstone

shaded sandstone

open sandstone

limestone ledge

sandstone


18.

TABLE 4 (CON’T)

Taxa

Atrichum angustatum

Frullania sp.

Grimmia alpicola

Fabronia ciliaris

Substrate

sandstone

vt. limestone

sandstone

shaded vt.limestone

Estimate of’Abundance

2

19.

TABLE 5


Trees Relative % CompositionDensity 0f B~s’al Area

Amelanchier arborea


C. texana 8.1

C. tomentosa 2.7

Cornus florida



Morus rubra

Nyssa sylvatica

Pinus echinata

Quercus alba 18.9

Q. prinoides vat.acuminata

Q. rubra 8.6

Q. marilandica 16.2

Q. velutina 35.!

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus alata

Viburnum prunifolium


I1.7 -

6.~ ~-

21212

~2.5 ~I

1.6

19.0

~.5

2

2

Shrubs and Vines

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

Rhus radicans

Vaccinium vacillans

Vitis aestivalis



20.

TABLE 5 (CON’T)

Herbaceous Species Estimate ofAbhndance

Pteridium aquilinum vat.latiusculum

Tephrosia virginiana vat.holosericea

Desmodium glutinosum

Nonarda russeliana

Apocynum cannabinum

Aster patens

Parthenium integrifolium

Schrankia nuttallii

Verbesina helianthoides

4

P

P

P

P

P

Bryophytes and Lichens Substrate Estimate ofAbundance

Campylium hispidulum

Leucodon julaceus

The!ia asprella

Homomallium adnatum

Platygyrium repens

Tortella humilis

Cladonia sp.

Rocky soil

Tree trunks

Base oftrees

Rocks

Logs

Base oftrees

Rocky soil

4

4

21.

TABLE 6



Bumelia lanuginosa


C. tomentosa 2.9


Celtis laevigata

Cornus florida


Pinus echinata 5.9

Quercus alba 5.9

Q. marilandica 2.9

Q. rubra 2.9

Q. stellata 5.9

Q. velutina 35.3

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus alata

U. americana 2.9

Vaccinium arboreum

Viburnum sp.


16.61o7 -

1

2

Ii.I12.0

2.92.68.3

4~.2

2.4 -

2


Vaccinium vacillans

Vitis aestivalis

Parthenocissusquinquefolia

Rhus radicans

Rosa sp.

Smilax bona-nox

Rhus aromatica

332

22.

6 (co ’

Herbaceous Species

Echinacea pallida

Erigeron strigosus

Euphorbia corollatavat. corollata

Gerardia flava vat.calycosa

Helianthus hirsutusvat. trachyphyllus

Hieracium gronovii

Lespedeza cuneata

L. hirta

Lobelia spicata

Monarda russeliana


Phlox pilosa vat.pilosa

Phytolacca americana

Rudbeckia hirta

Schrankia uncinata

Silphium asteriscus

S. terebinthinaceum

$olidago sp.

Zizia aurea

Bryoph$tesand Lichens

Atrichum angustatum

Campylium chrysophyllum

Ditrichum pallidum

Hedwigia ciliata

Leucodon julacea

Brachytheciumserrulatum

Estimate of"Abundance

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P.p

P

P


TABLE 6 (CON’T)

Bryophyte and Lichens

Dicranum scoparium

Grimmia pilifera

Polytrichum ohioense

Tortella humilis

Estimate of-Abundance

3

midway up the slope where the relatively open canopy is

dominated by the trees Carya cordiformis and Quercus velutina.

Co-dominants include Quercus alb~, ~. rubra, ~. stellata, ~.

marilandica, Pinu.__~s echinata, and Ulmus americana. Ulmus alata,

Sassafras albid~um, Vaccinium arboreum, and Comus florida, are

the most common small tree species. Vaccinium stamineum and

Ceanothus americanum are the leading shrubs. The diverse

herbaceous flora is listed in Table 6. The mosses, Atrichum

a.n~statum, ~amp~l~um chrysophyllum, Ditrichum pallidum,

Tortella humilis, and Dicranum scoparium, are common and typical

members of a rocky, acid soil flora.

Site 7 (i00 x 150 feet) is located on a ridge at an altitude

of approximately 1100 feet. Judging from the size of the cut

stumps present, there was at one time, a well-developed hard-

wood forest located on this site. The dominant trees, composed

largely of ~ercus velutina, ~. marilandica, ~. alb____~a, and

Carya cordiformis, form a relatively open (40-60%) canopy. The

leading small tree species are Cornus florida, Amelanchier

arborea, and Sassafras albidum. The vines, Parthenocissus

quinquefoli~., Rhus radicans, and Vitis aestivalis, are parti-

cularly conspicuous. The abundance of Vaccinium vacillans is

typical for acid ridges. The sparce herbaceous vegetation is

dominated by, ~ephrosia virginiana and the fern, Pteridium

aqui.linum. Mosse~ particularly Plat~gyrium repens and Homomallium

a~natu~..~ are common on decaying limbs and stumps.

Site 9 (tree count only) is in a narrow draw along a

tributary to the Jacks Fork, where steep dolomitic bluffs, up

to 20 to 25 feet high, occur on each side, especially near its

lower end. The creek has numerous dolomitic or sandstone boulders

present in its bed. and there are several places where the c~eek

bottom is literally paved by extensive flat, smooth rocks. The

dominant trees of this site include Ace____~r saccharum, Fraxinus

americana, ~ rubr~, ~. prinoides vat. acuminata,~ilia

americana vat. ne$1ecta and Ulmus rubra. The small tree species,

Asimina triloba, is particularly conspicuous in the understory.

25.

H~dran~ea arborescens and Ribes cynosbati are present on the

rock ledges where a number of interesting herbaceous species

such as Aquilesia canadensis and the ferns, Cystopteris bul-

bifera and Adiantum pedatum, also occur. Herbaceous species

are abundant on the.moist shaded soil. Bryophytes are a

conspicuous part ofthe flora of this draw. Anomodon attenuatus and

~. rostratus are abundant on exposed rocks, while Bryoandersonia

illecebra was conspicuous on soil ledges. In the creek bed,

Fissidens Erandifrons is abundant, forming extensive mats on

flat rocks, whi!e along the edge of the creek, Sematoph211um

carolinianum is common on sandstone boulders; on soil and

rocks at the edge of the gully, Cratoneuron filicinum is abundant.

All of these mosses are typical of the moist shaded habitats

afforded by this narrow draw.

at site 9, see Table 7.

Station 2, Sites 1-4

For a list of the species present

(29 June, 1968)Nap 3 (Sect. 36, T.28 N., ~7W.)

Station 2 is located about % mile downstream from Station I

and encompasses a north facing talus slope and vertical dolomitic

bluff and a steep rocky s!ope above the bluff.

Site ], is located at the base of the bluff on talus at

the edge o~ the river where many trees and shrubs are growing

among the large bou!ders. Particularly characteristic are the

tree species Asimina triloba, Carpinus caro~iniana, Fraxinus

pennsylvanica var. subinte ~"~ ¯ ger~ma, Tilia americana, and

Staphylea trifo]i~, and the shrubs Amor~ha fructicosa, Cepha]anthus

occidentalis and ~_~_~socarpus oouliforius. Herbaceous taxa are

abundant and include both aquatic immersed taxa such as Juncus

interior, Nuoh__.__a~ !uteum_, Leersia oryzoides and Justica americana

and phreatophytes like Carex luci~!, ~i_setum hsemale, var.

elat_____~_, Leersia vir~Jnica, Lysimachia suadrifolia, Saggitaria

sp. ocmr~us atrovirens, and S lineatus For a complete list of

the plants present in site i, see Table 8.

Site 2 is located on a vertical dolomitic bluff about z~O

feet high. Climbing woody vines are abundant, particularly the

26.

TABLE 7

Floristic Composition of Station l, Site 9.number of measurable trees = 53.trees = 3,788 sq. in.


Acer saccharum 26.0

Asimina triloba

Carya sp. 1.8

C. ovata 1.8



Juglans cinerea 7-5

Quercus alba

Q. prinoides vat. 13.0acum:inata

Q. rubra 9.4

Tilia americana vat. 7.5neglecta

Ulmus rubra 9.4

Shrubs and Vines


% Composition Abundance Classof Basal Area of S’aplings

24.5 4

1.0 3

2.5 -0.4 1

13.5 1

3.8 -

17.1 4

16.9 -

2.8 4

17.5 -

Estimate ofAbundan’ce



Rhus radicans

Vitis sp.

Ribes cynosbati

Herbaceous Species

4

4


Cystopteris bulbifera

Adiantum pedatum


Asarum canadense

Impatiens sp.

Polystichumacrostichoides

54

4

4

4

27.

TABLE 7 (CON’ T)

Herbaceous Species Estimate of~btmdance

Prunella vulgaris

Sanguinaria canadensis

Senecio aureus

Smilacina racemosa

Thelypterishexagonoptera

Trillium sessile

Arabis laevigata

Asplenium rhizophyllum


Menispermum sp.

Polygonatum biflorum

Polymnia canadensis


Bryophyt~ and Lichens Substrate

4

4

4

2

Estimate ofAbundan&e

Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus

Bryoandersoniaillecebra

Cratoneuron filicinum

Fissidens grandifrons

F. subbasilaris

Isopterygiumtaxirameum

Jamesoniellaautumnalis

Radula sp.

Conocephalum conicum

Frullania squarrosa

Pohlia nutans

Rocks

Rocks

Ledges

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Soil

4

44-

2

2

2

28.

I

.I~-H

0.H-I~

TABLE 8

Floristic Composition of Station 2, Site i.


Acer negundo

Asimina triloba

Carpinus caroliniana

Cercis canadensis

Fraxinus pennsylvanica var.subintegerrima

Lindera benzoin

Platanus occidentalis

Salix sp.

Staphylea trifolia

Tilia americana

Ulmus rubra


Shrubs and Vines

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

Estimate ofAbunda~c e

Amorpha fruiticosa




Physocarpus opulifolius

Rhus radicans

Vitis sp.

Herbaceous Species

PPPPPPP


Agrostis alba


Carex granularis

PPP

Coreopsis sp.

Equisetum hyemale

Galium concinnum

PP

P

TABLE 8 (CON’ T)

30.

Herbaceous Species

Geum canadense vat.comporum

Glyceria striata

Juncus tenuis

Justicia americana

Leersia oryzoides

Leersia virginica

Lysimachia quadriflora

Nuphar luteum

Onoclea sensibilis

Oxalis stricta

Panicum sp.


Sagittaria sp.

Scirpus atrovirens

S. lineatus

Sporobolus sp.

Trifolium repens

Uniola latifolia

Viola sp.


P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

PPPP

PPP

ubiquitous Rhus radicans, Partheocissus quinquefolia, and

Similax sp., and Aristolochia tomentosa, a rather common, but

frequently overlooked sDecies. Hydrangea arborescens is charac-

teristically present on ledges and in crevices. At the base of

the bluff where seepage is common, ferns and fern allies, such as

Selaginella apoda, Adianttun pedatum, ~splenium resilens, ~.

rhizophyllum~ Cystopteris bulbifera, Pellaea atropur., purea and

Woodsia obtusa are conspicuous. Aquile~ia canadensis is present,

particularly in crevices, while Samolus p_arviflorus, a species

more characteristic of river banks, occurs on the lower ledges

of the bluff. The )2resence of such an interesting and diverse

flora is typical of north-facing, vertical dolomitic b~uffs in

this area. For a list of the species present at site 2, see

Table 9.

Site 3 (].00 x 200 feet) is located on a north-facing slope

at the edge of the bluff some 60-100 feet above the river at an

altitude of ca. 890 to 930 feet. The slope is relatively steep,

about 45°, and numerous boulders of sandstone are present and

its soil is a light loam covered by a thin layer of leaf mold,

and acid (pH 5.5-5.6). The dominant trees ~uercus velutina and

~. alba, and the co-dominants trees Ca~y_~ tomentos~, Acer saccharum,

Fraxinus americana and N~ssa s21vatica var. caroliniana form a

closed (80-90%) canopy. Vines and shrubs are numerous with

Vaccinium sO.typical in such an acid site. A wide variety of

herbaceous taxa are present with the following species particu-

larly abundant: Anemonella thalictroides, Antennaria plantagini-

folia, Desmodium ~lutinosum and Galium circaezans var. hypomalacum.

Galium boreale var. hy~op~folium, a boreal relic species, has

been reported from this general area by Steyermark (1963). The

bryophyte flora is diverse. Thiudium recognitum, Atrichum

angustatum, Aulacomnium heterostichum and E~ium affine are common

soil species while Ptychomitrium incurvum, Sematophyllum

carolinianum, and Leucolejeunea clypeata are common on exposed

sandstone. Corticolous species present include Haplohymenium

triste, Pylaiseilla selwynii, and Cryphaea glomerata. For a

complete list of the species present in site 3, see Table ~0.

TABLE 9

Floristic Composition of Station 2, Site 2.

Shrubs and Vines Estimate of’Abundance

Amorpha fruticosa

Aristolochia tomentosa


Menispermum canadense


Rhus radicans

Smilax sp.

Staphylea trifolia

Herbaceous Species

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P


Adiantum pedatum


Asplenium resi!ens

A. rhizophyllum


Echinacea purpurea

0enothera missouriensis


Penstemon digitalis

Rudbeckia hirta

Samolus parvif!orus

Satureja arkansana

Saxifraga sp.

Selaginella apoda

Trifolium repens

Woodsia obtusa

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

TABLE i0

Floristic Composition of Station 2, Site 3. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 12a. Total basal area of alltrees = 5956 sq. in.

Trees Relative % Composition Abundance ClassDensity of Basal Area of Saplings

Acer rubrum 1.6

A. saccharum 8.0

Amelanchier arborea


Carya sp. 0.8

C. cordiformis 0.8

C. tomentosa 8.9

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida 2.4


F. pennsylvanica 1.6vat. subintegerrima

Juglans nigra 1.6

Nyssa sylvatica var. 4.8caroliniana

Quercus alba 50.7

Q. coccinea 6.5

Q. velutina 28.2

Sassafras albidmm 0.8

Staphylea trifolia

Ulmus rubra

Viburnum rufidulum

1.30 /4

5.5o -

o.5o 3o.3o 2

1.O0 /4

5.80 31.60 -

0.60

9.40

2#.708.80

92.90

0.}32

i

Shrubs and Vines Estimate of~e

Dioscorea quaternata


Rhus radicans

Vaccinium sp.

Vitis aestivalis

4

1o

Shrubs and Vines

Ceanothus americana


Aralia racemosa

Ribes missouriense

Rubus sp.

Smilax bona-nox

Herbaceous Species

Anemonellathalictroides

Antennariaplantaginifolia


Galium circaezans var.hypomalacum

Panicum sp.

Polystichumacrostichoides -

Smilacina racemosa

Adiantum pedatum


Asplenium rhizophyllnm

Coreopsis pubescens

Hepatica acutiloba

Monarda russeliana

Scutellaria incana

Solidago ulmifolia

Vicia caroliniana

Apocynum cannabimrm

Aruncus dioicus var.pubescens

Geranium maculatmn

Gerardia flava


3

2

2

2

2


4

33

3

33

2

2

2

2

TABLE lO (co ,

Herbaceous Species

Podophyllum p~tatum

Potentilla simplex

Prenanthes altissimavar. cinnamomea

Prunella vulgaris

Krigia biflora

Rudbeckia hirta

Silphium asteriscus

Thaspium trifoliatumvar. trifoliatum

Aster anomalus

Galium concinnum


2

2

2

2

i

I

i

I

P

P

Bryo~hytes and Lichens

Atrichum anustatum

Nnium affine

Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus

Brachythecium oxyc!adon

Bryoandersonia illecebra

Entodon seductrix


Hedwigia ciliata

Leucolejeunea c]_ypeata

Pylaisielia selwynii


Sematophyluum carolinianum

Thuidium recognitum

Anomodon minor

Substrate

Soil

Soil andsandstone

Tree basesan~ soil

Sandstone andtree bases

Soil andsandstone

Sandstone

Logs and soil

Tree trunks

Sandstone

Sandstone

Tree trunks

Sandstone

Sandstone

Rocky soil

Base ofhickory

Abundance Class

33

2

36.

Bryophytes and Lichens

Aulacomnium heterostichum

Dicranum scoparium

Cryphaea glomerata

Hypnum curvifolium

Leucobryum glaucum

Substrate

Soil andsandstone

Soil

Tree trunks

Sandstone

Soil

Abundance Class

2

2

2

2

2

Site 4 (i00 x I00 feet) is located on the upper slope

just below the ridge. The light loam soil is acid (pH. 5.5

to 5.6) and covered by a thin layer of leaf mold. The forest

canopy is relatively open (ca. 60%) and composed largely of

Quercus velutina, ~. alba, ~. rubra, and ~. coccinea. Pinus

echinsta and Carya tomentosa are important co-dominants. Pinus

echinata undoubtedly invaded this area when it was more open and

it will probably not persist here under natural conditions.

Understory trees and shrubs characteristic of this type of forest

include Amelanchier arbores, Cornus florida, Sassafras albidum,

and Vaccinium vaci~lans. Seedlings of Nyssa s~Ivatica var.

.~caroliniana are common and may eventually share dominance with

the oaks and hickories. While the herbaceous flora is diverse,

only two species, Panicum sO. and Anemone~la thalictroides are

common at this time of year. Aristo~ochia serpentaria, a species

often overlooked because of its small size, is present. The

foliose lichen Parme!ia is abundant and covers much of the

exposed sandstone. Another lichen, the fructicose genus

Cladonia, although not abundant, is a conspicuous member of the

soil flora. The bryophytes Polytrichum ohioense, Dicranum

spurium, Haploc!adium virginiantun~, and Eurh,ynchium pulchellum

var. oraecox, form conspicuous colonies on the rocky soil.

Additional members of the flora of site ~ are listed in Table ii.

Station 3, Sites 1-2 (11 July 1969)

Nap z~ (SE~ Sect. 25, T.29N., R.5W)

Station 3 is located ~ithin Alley Spring State Park. Site I

is an extensive gravel bar area north of the river and just east

of Hwy. 106, while Site 2 is the area along Alley Spring branch.

Only genera~ collecting was conducted at these sites.

The gravel bar of Site I lies on the north side of the river.

Its elevation is uneven, ranging from stream level, ca. 655 feet,

to 660 feet. There are extensive open areas dissected by elon-

gated patches of dense shrubbyvegetation composed largely of

Salix caroliniana. A large variety of s~ecies occur on bars of

this nature. Many taxa are widely scattered, but abundant, while

38.

TABLE ii

Floristic Composition of Station 2, Site 4. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 53. Total basal area of alltrees = 3027 sq. in.

Trees Relative % Composition Abundance ClassDensit7

Acer rubrum

Amelanchier arborea

Carya texana 1.9

C. tomentosa 5.7

Comus florida 1.9

C. obliqua

Nyssa sylvatica vat.caroliniana

Pinus echinata 3.8

Quercus alba 17.0

Q. coccinea 9.z~

Q. rubra 18.9

Q. velutina 42.0

Sassafras albidum


Shrubs and Vines


Rhus radicans

Vac¢inium vacillans

Vitis sp.

Rhus aromatica

R. copallina

Rosa sp.

Herbaceous Species

of Basal Area

o.96.0

0.4

9.33~.0

2.1

I0.0

37.2


I

I

I


Anemonella thalictroides

Panicum sp.

con,

Herbaceous Species


Desmodium sp.

Geranium maculatum

Helenium sp.

Polystichum acrostichoides

Rudbeckia hirta

Scutellaria sp.

Smilacina racemosa

Solidago sp.

Tephrosia virginiana

Euphorbia corollata

Galium concinnum

Hieracium sp.

Monarda russeliana

Pedicularis canadensis

Potentilla sp.

Thaspium trifoliatum var.flavum

Vicia caroliniana

Aristolochia serpentaria

Aster patens

Coreopsis palmata

Galium pilosum

Lathyrus venosus var.intonsus

Lespedeza sp.

Physalis virginiana

Trifolium sp.


Parmelia sp.

Anomodon rostratus

Atrichum angustatum

Substrate

Sandstone

Sandstone

Soil


3

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

P

PP

P

P

P

P

Abundance Class

l/ .

Map 4. Station 3, Sites I - 2.

others are relatively rare, at least at this time of year.

On the higher parts of this bar Gleditsia triacanthos, Juglans

nigra, Platanus occidentalis, Ulmus rubra, and Asimina triloba

are abundant and frequently form dense thickets. Many of these

trees are fairly large in size. Occasional wash-outs occur

among these thickets, and herbaceous taxa, such as Campanula

americana, Polymnia canadensis, Lysimachia ciliata, Teucrium

canadense,. Mel~otus albus, and Elymus virginicus, are abundant.

Near the edge of the Salix thickets Justica americana, Vernonia

crinita and Polanisia dodecandra are common. Numerous open areas

on the higher parts of the bar have a sandy soil that supports

abundant growth of such herbaceous species as Acalypha rhomboidea,

Crotonopsis elliptica, Saponaria officinalis, Setaria viridis, and

Torilis japonica. The vine Vitis rupestris, and the herbs Kickxia

elatine and Diodia teres are more common in open gravel areas.

The vine Rhus radicans is abundant in the thickets. For a complete

listing of species present in site l, see Table 12.

Site 2 encompasses the area adjacent to the spring branch

and the alluvial area between spring branch and the gravel bar to

the south. Most of this area is presently used as a camping site.

Several trees, for example Acer ne~undo, ~. saccharinum, A. saccharum,

Populus deltoides, Aesculus glabra, ~uercus macrocarpa, Fraxinus

americana, and Platanus occidentalis, are common in areas

immediately adjacent to the spring branch. In low areas abundant

plants include the herb and Saponarla officinalis and the

shrubs S~mphoricarpus orbicularis and Sambucus canadensis. Many

of the species present in this site are particularly common in

disturbed areas, for example the genus Planta~o. No particular

effort was made to study the aquatic taxa in the spring branch.

For such species, a study of the aquatic vegetation of Missouri

by Steyermark (1941), should be consulted. For other species

present at site 2, see Table 13.

Collections of bryophytes in 1961 and 1962 at the locality

of Site 2 indicate the following taxa may still be present:

TABLE 12



Salix caroliniana


Juglans nigra


Ulmus rubra

Asimina triloba

Bumelia lanuginosa

Cercis canadensis


Naclura pomifera

Prunus serotina

Shrubs and Vines

5

3

33

Estimate of.... Abundance

Rhus radicans

Vitis rupestris


Smilax tamnoides var.hispida

Herbaceous Species Estimate ofAbundance

Justicia americana

Saponaria officinalis

Acalypha gracilescensvat. monococca

Campanula americana

Commelina sp.

Croton monanthogynus

Elymus sp.

Euphorbia dentata

Ipomea pandurata

Kickxia elatine

55

44.

TABLE 12 (CON’T)

Herbaceous Species

Lepidium densiflorum

Nelilotus albus

Polansia dodecandra

Setaria viridis

Torilis japonica

Uniola latifolia

Verbena stricta

Vernonia crinita

Coreopsis sp.

Cyperus sp.

Diodia teres

Euphorbia maculata

E. sp.

Elymus virginicus

Geum canadense

Lysimachia ciliata

Polymnia canadensis

Teucrium canadense vat.virginicum

Cuphea petiolata

Melilotus officinalis

0enothera missouriensis

Physalis heterophyllavar. heterophylla

Estimate ofAbumdance

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

2

2

2

2

Trees

Acer negundo

A. saccharinum

A. saccharum

Aesculus glabra

Fraxinus americana

Juglans nigra



Populus deltoides

Ptelea trifoliata

Quercus alba

Q. macrocarpa

Robinia pseudo-acacia

Salix nigra

Ulmus rubra

Shrubs and Vines

Rhus radicans

Sambucus canadensis

Symphoricarposorbicularis

IIerbaceous Species

Daucus carota

Nasturtium officinale

Cyperus sp.

Equisetum hyemale var.elatum

Galium triflorum

Plmntago sp.

P. rugelii

Prunella vulgaris

Rumex sp.

Carex sp.

Ratibida pinna~a

Abundance Class

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

Estimate ofAbundanc e

4

4

Estimate ofl Abundan¢l~’

554

4

4

4

4

4

Amblyste~ium sp.Anomodon minorBryachythecium rivulareClasmatodon parvulus

Fissidens grandifronsFissidens viridulusFontinalis duriaeiForsstroemia trichomitrion

var. immersusHyophila involutaLeskea gracilescens

Leucodon julaceus

Orthotrichum stran~ulatumPorella pinnata

Wessia controversa

- Abundant in spring branch- Abundant on trees- Abundant in spring branch- Abundant in trees edge

of spring branch- On rocks in spring branch- On shaded soil- Abundant on spring branch- On trees, edge of spring

branch- On rocks in spring branch- Abundant, trees edge of

spring branch- Abundant, trees edge of

spring branch- On moist limestone- Abundant, trees edge of

spring branch- On soil

Early Spring flowers are striking in this area and previous

collections indicate the following taxa to be particularly

conspicuous.

Cla tonia vir~inicais opyr~ blternatumI~ertensia virginicaPhlox ~.var~cata var. laphmanii~culus abortiwas

Viola erioca~" ~~aV. ~°~triata

Station 4, Site 1-4 (11-12 July, 1969)

~qaps. 5 (S\,J)4 Sect. ~.,,o~ T. 29N, R.5~.)~

Station 4 is located on a steep south-facing slope and ridge

on the north side of the Jacks Fork River, west of Hwy. I06.

Although this slope appears from a distance to be densely forested

(Figure i), the upper part is rather open, and nearly glade-like.

Surface rocks of this slope are mainly a coarse crystalline, cherty

dolomite of the Gasconade formation or a sandstone of the

Roubidoux formation.

Site 2. (I00 x I00 feet) is located along the ridge at an

altitude of approximately $~0 feet. The soil is loamy, contains

few rocks and is acid (pH ,!#.9~-.5~). The forest is composed of

predominantly young trees of ~.~uercus alba and a few older trees

of ..’~. velutina and ~. rubra. The canopy is closed with 70-90

percent of sky obscured by leaves and branches. Saplings of

~,uercus alba are very abundant, and are associated with a

number of youn~ trees of Fraxinus americana and Carya tomentosa.

Although obviously secondary in nature, this stand is well on

its way to becoming a mature oak-hickory forest (Figure 2).

Understory domin,~mts include Cornus florida, :Sassafras .albidum,

Prunus serotina, and Cercis canadensis. Herbaceous taxa are

widely scattered and in ~ fe~.,~ ca,~es abundant. This is parti-

cularly true for Ca_l~um arkansanum, Panicum boscii and Podo.____-

ph,yl!tur.~ 2e!tatum. Other tampa present at site i are listed in

Table

Site ~ (150 ~.~ 50 feet) Js .... o<,~t~d alon{ the upper part of

the steep ((~O-~O°) ~, .-~,~-oi~ i.r_ts ~.ititude ran~jes from about ~80

to 810 feet. ’l~~e soilm’~ rocky, circimneutral (oh

and interrupte~ by se,rera] larse outcro-?pings of dolomite. This

stand is re!ative]y o~en with only about ~0 percent of the sky

obscured, by leaves end uranch~. Conifers,~Juni°erus~ vir~iniana

and Pinus echinata, an(~ oa.k~, ~uercu~ alba, ~..prinoides var.

ac~inata, and ~ stell.at~, make u~ a m~{jority of trees at this

site. Vines like Bechmeria scandens, Parthenocissus ~uincuefolia,

Rhus radicans, and Lmi!a)~ are abundant, often dense and impene-

. ~nc.~u<~ the trees Cercis canadensis,trab!e Understory do~inants " ~ ’~

Rhamnus csro].iniana ~ ~ ~tn~.~ Viburnum ru!~aumm~. A large variety of

herbaceous t~-~-o~ ~r*e f~e;<:<~nt ~ O~].I~)iGU~_~gri~ in open areas and

include a nmnber of ~...hat~ m;~y be characteri~ed as prairie or

~lade ty>~)e;*t~, for e~m~)Ic, }il~h~u~ terebinthinace~m, ~.ephrosia

yirginiona Boutelou~ curti-[~endul~<, Fel~t~tostemon candid~,

Thsspi~ trifo] iatu~<~, ~nd A:::ave ".._ ~__ ~mnica. Bryophytes are.... ~_ . ~_hmo type of site mayparticulsriy comnon on +-]~.~ exoosed rocks

be considered J~.u~trative of a ~e,~ sta<’e _~ead~no to~ Acer

sacchar~mn-~ercus alba clima~i. The nine present is somewhat

~omalous and may re~resent trees ]e~t from earlier attempts

to introduce ~o~ne into ~-t’,~nms area, although it is difficult to

tell. For n com~)lete J isting of the [iota of site 2, see Table

TABLE 14

Floristic Composition of Station 4, Site I.number of measurable trees = 65.trees = 3737 sq. in.


Btunelia lanuginosa

Carya cordiformis

C. tomentosa

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida 2.0


F. quadrangulata

llex decidua

Juglans nigra 1.5



Prunus serotina

Ptelea trifoliata

Quercus alba 68.0

Q. prinoides var.acuminata

Q. rubra 6.2

Q. velutina ]2.O

Rhamnus caroliniana

Sassafras albidum

Tilia americana 1.5

Ulmus alata

U. rubra 1.5

Shrubs and Vines


% Comoositionof Ba~al Area

9.2

1.0

40.4

Abundance Class’of Saplings

2

2

1

1

2

2

22.7

23.5

0.8



Rhus aromatica


Vitis aestivalis 4

50.

Shrubs and Vines

Vitis vulpina

Rosa sp.

Smilax bona-nox

Herbaceous Species

Galium arkansanum

Panicum boscii

Podophyllum peltatum

Carex sp.

Cimicifuga racemosa

Clematis sp.

Desmodium nudiflorum

D. rotundifolium

Galium circaezans vat.hypoma!acum

Geranium maculatum

Geum canadense

Lespedeza sp.

Scutellaria ovata

Silphium asteriscus

Smilicina raoemosa

Danthonia spicata

Rudbeckia hirta

Sanicula sp.

Triostemum perfoliatum


Nenispermum canadense

Potentilla sp.


Estimate ofAbund an c e

33

3

3

2

TABLE 14 (CON’T)

51.

Br~ophytes and Lichens Substrate

Atrichum angustatum


Ditrichum pallidum

The!ia asprella

Soil

Soil

Soil

Tree bases

Abundance Class

TABLE 15

52.



Acer s accharum

Bumelia lanuginosa

Carya texana 2.4

C. tomentosa

Celtis laevigata

Cercis canadensis

Cornus drummondii

Co florida 2.4

Fraxinus americana

F. quadrangulata

Juniperus virginiana 46.0

Pinus echinata 17.0

Quercus alba 9.8

Q. prinoides vat. 9.8acuminata

Q. rubra 2.4

Q. stellata 9.8

Q. velutina

Rhamnus caroliniana

Ulmus alata 2.4

U. rubra

Viburnum rufidulum

% CO.lmpos..il,tion Abundance Classof Basal Area of ~aplings

2

O.8 2

2

-

34.3 55°2 -

23.2 3

9.e 4

Shrubs and Vines

Berchemia scandens


Parthenocissus quinquefo~ia

Rhus aromatica

R. radicans


4

44

Shrubs and Vines

Smilax bona-nox

Vitis aestivalis

V. vulpina

V. sp.

Herbaceous Species

Rudbeckia sp.

Aster sagittifolius

Desmodium sp.

Euphorbia corollata var.corollata

Galium arkansanum

Houstonia nigricans

Lespedeza procumbens

Monarda russeliana



Tephrosia virginiana var.virginiana

Verbena canadense


Arabis hirsuta


Bouteloua curtipendula

Carex sp.

Elymus virginicus

Eryngium yuccifolium

Panictun boscii


Phlox pilosa

Thaspium trifoliatum var.flavum

Verbesina sp.

Asclepias verticillata

Estimate ofA~und~Luce

2

2

Estimate ofAbund’an c e

5

3

3

2

(cod’ )

Herbaceous Species

Aster patens

Cimicifuga racemosa

Agave virginica

Anemone virginiana

Asclepias viridifloravar. viridiflora

Coreopsis palmata

Desmodiumnudiflorum

Lithospermum canescens

Matelea bal-dwyniana

Passiflora lutea

Rhynchosia lati£olia

Silphium asteriscus

Estimate ofAbun dan c e

2

2

I

I

i

I

i

i

I

I

i

i

Bryophyt,es and Lichens

Anomodon attenuatus

Entodon seductrix

Fissidens cristatus

Grimmia pilifera

Hedwigia ciliata


Haplocladium virsinianum

0rthotrichum strangulatum

Substrate

Rocks

Soil anddecaying wood

Rock crevices

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Soil

Rocks

Abundance Class

55.

Site ~ (150 x 50 feet) is located about mid-slope

(altitude ca. 720-~40 feet) just below a dolomitic bluff 5

to 6 feet high. The alkaline (pH 7.7-8.0) soil is a ss_ndy

loam with surface rocks abundant. The steepness of this

site, 60-70°, combined with its south exposure, create a

rather dry site. Thus, the forest is relatively open with

only 50-60% of the sky obscured by leaves and branches.

Juniperus virginiana and 9,uercus prinoides var. acuminata

are the most conspicuous members of this forest (Figure 3).

If successinal patterns common in the Ozarks for this type of

site occur here, this forest should develop into a hardwood

forest with Acer saccharum, Fraxinus sp., and perhaps ~uercus

rubra sharing dominance for seedlings of these taxa are present.

The conspicuous understory trees present, such as Asimina ~riloba,

Cercis canadensis, and Comus florida, should persist into the

climax forest. Thickets of vines are present with Smilax

tamoides var. hisoida and Rhus radicans, particularly conspicuous.

On the vertical bluff along the upper edge of this site several

bluff taxa are abundant. As in site 2, in open areas the

herbaceous flora contains n~nberous representatives of a prairie-

type species. For a complete listing of the plants of site

see Table

Site a (150 x 50 feet) is located along the steep slope

(ca. ~5°) at the base hill a~ong the edge of the river. ~he

soil, a fine loam ~ith numerous imbedded rocks of sandy dolomite,

is alkaline (~H~ ~.~-~-~.8). The ~ro~n~ ~ is relatively closed with

60-80~ of the sky ob~cured by leaves and branches. Here dominant

trees include a mixture of river bottom taxa, for example

, ~t~ u~land tax~ such as ~uer.cusPlatanus occidentalis along ~" ~

~rinoides vat. ~cumin~ta and rubra. ~ -~ ~mong the shrubs present, the

river bank species Dirca palustris and A~orpha. fructicosa are

~ ~ " -~ ~5,1e ~ar e!atum is very abundant atconsoicuous. ~isetu~ ~v~ s .

the edge of the river, ’~.~ith the remainder of the herbaceous

flora characteri~.~tic of mesic habitats. For a list of the

species present at site ~’~, see ~ble 17.

TABLE 16

Floristic Composition of Station 4, Site 5. Totalnumber of measurable trees -- 70. Total basal area of alltrees = 2716 sq. in.

Trees Relativebensity

Acer saccharum

Asimina triloba


Carya cordiformis

Cercis canadensis

Comus florida

Fraxinusquadr an gul at a

F. americana

Juglans nigra

Juniperus 60.0virginiana

Prunus serotina

Quercus prinoides 51.0vat. acuminata

Q. rubra 1.4

Q. velutina 1.4

Rhamnus carolinianus

Ulmus alata 1.4

U. rubra


Shrubs and Vines

% Comp,ositi.0nof Basal Area

o.9

Abundance Classof Sipl’ings

23

5o.9

2

2

29.9

9.4

0.7

0.7


Camps~ radicans

Rhus aromatica

R. radicans

Smilax tamnoZes var.hispida



4

4

3

57.

Shrubs and Vines

Vitis aestivalis

V. sp.

Dioscorea villosa

Dirca palustris

Herbaceous Species

Amphicarpa bracteatavar. comoss

Galium sp.

Geum canadense vat.camporum


Nonarda russeliana

Panicum boscii

P. sp.

Sanicula canadensis


Solidago sp.

Anemone virginiana

Circium altissimum

Euphorbia corollatavar. mollis

Festuca sp.

Galium circaezans vat.hypomalacum

Rhynchosia latifolia

Smilax herbacea

Bromus purgans

Polymnia canadensis

Aster sagittifolius


Festuca obtusa

Estimate of~Abun’danc’e

1

1


2

2

I

I

I

58.

coN’


Vertical Bluff


Hydrangea arborescensvar. deamii

Cheilanthes feei


Heuchera americana


Polymnia canadensis


Anomodon attenuatus

Leucodon julaceus

Tortella humilis

Substrate

Rocks and trees

Rocks and trees

Tree bases

Abundance Class

59.

TABLE 17



Acer negundo

A. saccharum 8.0

Asimina triloba

Comus drummondii

C. florida 14.0

Diospyros virginiana 8.0



Lindera benzoin 2.0

Platanus 6.0occidentalis


Q. rubra 16.0

Q. velutina 2.0

Rhamnus caroliniana

Sassafras albidum

Staphylea trifolia

Ulmus alata

U. rubra 8.0

Viburnum rufidulum

11.3

2.4

2.9

0.7

0.53.1

43.6

25.4

5.4

4.8


Abundance Classof ~Saplinss

i

Dirca palustris


Rhus aromatica

Smilax bona-nox

S. tamnoides vat.hispida

4

4

4

4

60.

Shrubs and Vines


Vitis vulpina

Amorpha fruticosa

Menispermum canadense

Rosa sp.

Vitis aestivalis

Herbaceous Species

Equisetum hyemale vat.elatum

Galium concinnum

Allitun sp.

Asarum canadense

Desmodium sp.

Elymus sp.

Euphorbia corollata vat.corollata

Geranium maculatum

Geum canadense

Polymnia canadensis

Seymeria macrophylla

Uniola latifolia

Agrimonia rostellata

Anemone virginiana

Cimicifuga racemosa


D. rotundifolium

Galium circaezans var.hypomalacum

Ipomea pandurata


4

4


5

5

4

4

3

3

61.

TABLE 17 (CON’T)

Herbaceous S2ec,ies

Oxalis stricta

Panicum boscii


Brachyelytrum erectum



3

Station 5, Sites I-LI- (12 July, 1969)

Map 6. (Sect. 25, T. 29 N., R 5 W.)

Station 5 is located on a steep, west, southwest-facing

slope and ridge above Alley Spring branch. Bluffs of a

cherty dolomite (Gasconade Formation) are common, especially

on the lo~.~er slope. On the upper slope and ridge, sandstone

(Roubidoux Formation) and cherty dolomitic boulders are scattered

throughout the more or less rocky soil.

Site 1 (150 x 50 feet) is located above the spring branch

on a steep slope (ca. ~5°), at an elevation of 680-700 feet.

Dolomite bluffs and ledges are a prominent feature at this level

and the soil is loamy and alkaline (pH 7.5-7.6). Measurable

trees are sparce (20) resulting in an open canopy with only

40-50% of the sky obscured by leaves and branches. The most

conspicuous tree species are ~uercus prinoides var. acuminata

and Juniperus virginiana while the dominant understory plants

include the shrub, Dirca palustris; the vines Parthenocissus

quinquefolia, Rhus radicans, Smilax tamoides var. hispida; and

the small trees i~indera benzoin, Ostrya vir~iniana, and Asimina

triloba. Ntmuerous herbaceous species are oresent and include

Uvularia grandiflora, Asarum canadense, Cimicifu~a racemosa

Veratrum ~oodii, Euphorbia corollata, Viola striata, Galium

circaezans, and Desmodium glutinostm~. A number of species are

confined to the bluffs such as Aquilegia canadensis, ~splenium

rhizo~h~llum, Cheilanthes feel, and Pellaea ~tro~rpurea. For a

list of the species present at site i, see Table 18. Collections made

in the spring of 196! and 1962 in this same general area indicate

that the following species should also be present~

Vicis caroliniana

Silene virginics

Trillium sessile

Dentaria laciniata

Site 2 (I00 x I00 feet) is an open glade with extensive

outcrops of dolomite (Figure 4). It is located on a slope of

~ap 6. Station 5, Sites

TABLE 18 (CON’T)65.

Herbaceous Species

Agromonia pubescens


Asarum canadense

Aster sagittifolius

Cimicifuga racemosa


Elymus virginicus

Euohorbia corollata

Geum canadense

Panicum boscii

Uniola latifolia

Viola striata

Anemone virginiana




Cheilanthes feel

Dioscorea villosa

Ga~ium circaezans

Galium concinnum

Houstonia nigricans

Muhlenbergii sobolifera

Parietaria pensylvanica


Silohium asteriscus

Thaspium trifo!iatum

Uvularia grandiflora

Veratrum woodii

Asplenium platynenrom

Bromus purgans


3

3

3

2

2

64.

TABLE 18

Floristic Composition of Station 5, Site i. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 20. Total basal area of alltrees : 1707 sq. in.


Acer saccharum I0.0

Asimina triloba

Carya cordiformis

Cercis canadensis

Cornus drummondii

C. florida i0.0

Corylus americana

Fraxinus americana I0.0

Juglans cinerea i0.0

J. nigra


Lindera benzoin

Norus rubra

Ostrya virginiana

Quercus alba 0.5

Q. prinoides var. 25.0acuminata

Ulmus rubra 0.5

Viburnum rufidulum

% Composition Abundance Classof ~’asal Area o,£ Saplings

20.2 4

i

I

1.5 32

2.~ 32.8 1

i

6.6 3

2

18.5 2

47.9 2

Shrubs and Vines

0.7 33


Dirca palustris


Rhus radicans

Smilax tamnckles var.hispida

Vitis aestivalis

Rhus aromatica

Smilax bona-nox


5

4

4

333

approximately ~1.5° at an elevation of 720-?70 feet and had a very

rocky soil which is alkaline (pH 7.~-?.8). A glade of this type

with Juniperus virEiniana and ~prinoides var. acuminata

as dominants is considered to be a successional stage eventually

leading to an Acer saccharum-(~ercus alba association. The

presence of ~rcus rubra (often found instead of 2- alba in the

climax) and numerous saplings of Acer saccharum indicate the

possibility that this will occur. Small tree~ as well as shrubs

and vines are scattered, but abundant. The herbaceous flora is

rich and includes characteristic glade taxa like Silphium

~rebinthinace~m, Bouteloua curtioendula, LithosDermum canescens,

Oenothera missouri~ns~, Rudbeckia h_~rt___9_a, Coreop.~is alm~,

Comsndra richardsiana, Verbena canadensis and A_p_~oc~num canna-

binum. Special mention should also be made of a rare vascular

saprophyte, Hexalectris spicat__a, also located at this site.

Bryophytes are abundant, particularly on exposed rocks and tree

trunks. For s !ist of the olants present at site 2, see Table 19.

Site ~ (!00 x ~00 feet) is located about ~0 feet south and

at the same elevation as Site 2. It is a steep slope, ca. 60~,

~ith a slight drs~,~ occurring near the middle and with a very rocky

soil in the neutral] to a!kaline range (pH ?.0-7.#). Large trees

of .~,uercus a!ba_, ~. rubra, and i~inus echinats form a closed canopy

under ~hich sma~l trees and saplings of Acer saccharum, A. rubrum,

and (~uercus alba are numerous. The understory is dominated by

Cormus florida, Sassafras a__ibid_~u_m~, and Vaccinum vacillans. A

rich variety of both bryophytes and herbaceous species is present.

This site apparently includes t~.,~o types of forest communities~

and oak-pine co~nunity on the steep slopes and a 9.uercus alba-

Acer rubrum community developing in a shallow draw. For a list

of the taxa present at site ~, see Table 20.

Site # (].50-50 feet) is locate.d on a gentle slope near the

ridge at sn elevation of apioroximately 860 feet. Here the soil

is thin, covered with a layer of leaf mold, and acid (pH z~.8-

6.6). Trees vary in age and form ~ relatively closed canopy with

?0-80~ of the sky obscu~red by leaves and branches. This forest

TABLE 19

Floristic Composition of Station 5, Site 2. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 61. Total basal area of alltrees : 2413 sq. in.


Acer saccharum


Carya cordiformis

Celtis laevigata

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida 7.0


Fraxinus americana


Ostrya virginiana

Pinus echinata 3.0

Ptelea trifoliata

Quercus prinoides 21.0var. acuminata

Q. rubra 5.0

Rhamnus carolinianus

Ulmus alata

% Compositionof Basal’ Are’a

2.1

2.4

~9.o

2.9

Shrubs and Vines Estimate of’"Abund&hce


1

1

2

2

2

Hydrangea arborescensvar. deamii

Smilax tamnoides var.hispida

Vitis aestivalis

Physiocarpus opulifoiius

Rhus aromatica

R. radicans

Rosa sp.

33

19 (CON’S)

Herbaceous Species

Silphiumterebinthinaceum

Solidago sp.

Blephila ciliata


Cassia nictitans

Cheilanthes feei

Euphorbia corollata var.mollis

Houstonia nigricans


Oenothera missouriensis

Psnicum virgatum

Petalostemon purpureum

Rudbeckia hirta

Sorghsstrum nutans

Thasoium trifoliatum var.fl,avum

Anemone virginiana

Apocynum cannabinum

Asclepias tuberosa

Comandra richardsiana

Coreopsis palmata

Cuscuta pentagona

Echinacea pallida

Heliopsis helianthoidesvar. occidentalis



Ratibida pinnata


Ruellia humilis

Silphium asteriscus

Verbena canadensis


5

4

4

4

4

4-

4

4

4

4

Herbaceous Species Estimate o£Abundance

Agave virginiana

Parthenium hispidum

Veratr~a woodii


A. viridiflora var.lanceolata

Baptisia leucoohaea

Elymus vir~inicus

Hexalectris spicata

Passiflora lutea

B~yophytes and Lichens Substrate

2

2

2

2

2

IIii

Abundance Class

Anomodon minor


Drtunmondia prorepens

Fissidens subbasilaris

Grimmia alpicola

Haplohymonium triste

Hedwigia ciliata

Pylaisiella selwynii


Tortella humilis

Weissia controversa

Tree bases

Soil

Tree trunks

Tree bases

Rocks

Tree trunks

Rocks

Tree trunks

Rocks

Tree bases

Soil and rocks

P

P

P

TABLE 20

Floristic Composition of Station 5, Site 3. Totalnumber of measurable trees = ~7. Total basal area of alltrees : 4166 sq. in.

Trees Relative % CompositionDensity of Ba~al Ar’$’a

Acer rubrum

Acer saccharum

Amelanchier arborea 2.0


Carya cordiformis

C. texana 6.0

C. tomentosa

Cornus drummondi

C. florida 15.0



Juglans cinerea



Pinus echinata ii.0

Prtunus serotina

Quercus alba 30.0


Q. rubra 15.0

Q. stellata 2.0

Rhsmnus caroiiniana

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus a]ata

U. rubra


55

0.3 2

0.9 -I

2.9 2

i

2

5.5 ~2

0.9 2

i

i.I ~3.0

22.4 22

48.5 ~

1.7 3


Vaccinium vacil].ans

Dirca palustris



5

20

Shrubs and Vines

Rhus aromatica

Smilax bona-nox

Vacinnium stamineum

Vitis aestiva!is


Vitis vulpina

Herbaceous Species


Anemonella thalictroides

Asarum canadense

Blephilia ciliata

Galium arkansanum

Lonicera sp.

Monarda russeliana


Agromonia rostellata

Anemone virginiana

Astragalus sp.


Cimicifuga racemosa

Geum canadense

Panic~m boscii

P. linearifolium

P. virgatum



Danthonia spicata

Euphorbia corollata

Hieracium sp.

Panicum dichotomum



2

2

Estimate of"-Abundance

5

Zl-

2

2

2

2

2

2

TABLE 20 (CON’T)

72.

Herbaceous Species

Tephrosia virginiama



Campanula americana


Silphium asteriscus

Festuca obtusa


Anomodon attenuatus

Atrichum angustatum

Brachythecium oxycladon


Dicranella heteromalla

Hedwigia ciliata

Leucodon julaceus

Tortella humilis

Weissia controversa

Dicranum sabuletorum

D. scoparium

Entodon seductrix

Fissidens taxifolius

Haplocladium virginianum

Platygyrium repens


Dicramum flagellare


Estimate of"AbundanS~

2

i

i

i

i

i

Substrate Abundance Class

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

Rocks

Trees andsoil

Rocks andsoil

Soil

Soil

Soil

Rocks

Soil

Soil

Decayingwood

Rocks

Decayingwood

Soil

has the characteristics of an oak-hickory climax with the

dominants, Carla texana and ~ercus alb~, represented by

trees of different age classes and by abundant seedlings on the

forest floor. The understory is dominated by the tree, Cornus

florida (which ~ere is represented by several large trees up to

? inches in diameter), and a vine, Parthenocissus quinquefo!ia

which is very abundant. Herbaceous species and bryophytes are

not as numerous ~s in other ~ites at this station. For a list

of the species at site ~. ~, see Tab~e 21.

~tation 6 (]-9 July, 1969)

~{a]? 7. (SW ~,~ Sect.

Station 6 is located near the junction between Bay Creek

and the Jacks Fork River. Because of the rugged topography at

this locality, on~.y a reconnaissance was made to determine what

species are present, their habitat and, in some cases, abun-

dance.

The diverse i~hysio~ra-phy of this region may be characterized

as follows:

~ t o middle oortion of a stee~, north-east facin~a-l-oh~j ~aytreek.

Soi! "~ mo rocky and numerous small bluffs of acmertj dolomite (Gasconade Formation) are oresent.

Lo~er slope and creek bottom along Bay Creek.

The creek bottom is often paved ~...~ith extensiveflat exposures off dolomite. Boulders, both ofdolomite and sandstone, are common in anlalongthe ed~£e of creek. Extensive open areas ~ithsandy soi~ are present on the NE bank of the creek.

Narrow Draw

A relatively steeo draw ~ith a rocky gully runningthroug~ it.

Distrube~ Area

In the vicinity of a primitive camp ground nearthe mouth of the creek, disturbance by campers isevident.

The flora of this station is one of the most diverse

encountered along the Jacks Fork River (see Table 22). The

TABLE 21

Floristic Composition of Station 5, Site 4. Totalnumber of measurable trees = #0. Total basal area of alltrees : 2795 sq. in.


Acer saccharum


Carya texana 23.0

C. tomentosa 3.0

Comus florida 30.0

Juglans nigra 3.0


Nyssa sylvatica var.caroliniana

Prunus serotina

Quercus alba 25.0


Q. velutina 13.0

Q. stellata

Rhamnus caro!iniana

Sassafras albidum 3.0

Ulmus alata

U. rubra

Shrubs and Vines


o.5I#. i

2.3

9.9Z~.. 0

Abundance Classbf’ Saplings

i

2

i

2

62.’7

6.1

0.5

Estimate @Abundance

i

Parthenocissus quinque£olia


Rhus aromatica

Vaccinium stamineum

V. vacillans

Rhus glabra

Vitis vulpina

V. aestivalis

5

2

Herbaceous Species



Elymus virginicus

Tephrosia virginiana var.virginiana

Antennaria p!antaginifolia

Carex sp.

Desmodium rotundifolium

Galium arkansanual

Lespedeza hirta

Panicum sp.

Coreopsis ~almata

Gali~n circaezans var.hypomalacum

Krigia biflora

Rudbeckia sp.

Silphium asteriscus

Thaspium trifoliatum vat.luteum


Bryop~ytes and Lichens

Entodon seductrix

Leucodon julaceus

Mnium cuspidatum

Thelia asprella

IIomomallimn adnat~m

Substrate

Soil

Tree trunks

Soil

Rocks and soil

Rocks


33

2

2

2

2

Abundance Class

TAE,i~,: 22

Distribution of ~ian~ at Station

77.

Dominant Trees

Acer saccharum

Aesculus glabra

Carya cordiformis

C. tomentosa

Fraxinus quadrangulata


Juglans nigra


Pinus echinata



Q. rubra

Tilia americana

Ulmus rubra

Understory Trees

Amelanchier arborea

Asimina triloba


Cercis canadensis

Cornus alternifolia

C. florida

C. drummondi

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

2212P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

I

P

P

Remarks

Saplings infre-quent, lower sl~

Saplings only

Saplings abundant

Saplings infre-quent,lower slope

Small trees only

Saplings infre-quent

78.

Tax~

Understor~ Trees

Comus obliqua

Crataegus sp.


Lindera benzoin

Ostrya virginiana

Ptelea trifoliata

Rhamnus caroliniana

Salix caroliniana

Sassafras albidtum

Staphylea trifolia

Ulmus alata

Shrubs

Aralia racemosa

Dirca palustris

Hamamelis vernalis

Hydrangea ~rborescens

Hypericumspathulatum

Rhus aromatica

R. glabra


Vines

Euonymus obovatus

Lonicera f~ava


Parthenocissusquenquifolia

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

2

Remarks

TABLE 22 (CO]~’T.) 79.

Rh~s rad±can~

Smilax sp.

Vitis sp.

Herbaceous Species

A~rimonia sp.

Ambrosia sp.

Angelica venenosa

Anemone virginiana


Arisaema atrorubens

Aruncus dioica

Asarum canadense

Asclepias tuberosa

Astralagus canadensis

Brachyelectrum erecttm;

Caoalia atriplicifolia

Campanula americana

Caulophyllumthalictroides

Chichorum itybus

Chrysanthemumleucanthemum

Cimicifuga racemosa

Circium altissimum

Commelina virginica

Convolvulus sp.

Coreopsis pubescens

4

4

3

4

4 4!

4

22

4

2

2 2

Remarks

80.

Taxa

Herbaceous Species

Coreopsis tripteristripteris

Cyperus refractus

Dactylis glomerata

Daucus carota

Delphinium exaltatum

Dianthus armeria

Echinacea purpurea

Elymus virginicus

Erigeron sp.

Eupatorium purpureum

Euphorbia corollatavar. mollis

Gerardia flava

Geum canadensis

Helenium amarum

Helianthus hirsutus vattrachyphyllus

Heliopsis helianthoide~var. occidentalis

Houstonia nigricans

Hepatica acutiloba

Heuchera sp,

Hydrastis canadensis

Hystrix patula

Ipomea pandurata

Liatrus pycnostycha

L. squarrosa

Ligustichum canadense 2

3

2

2

2

i

Remarks

3 On vertical rocks

81.

Taxa

Herbaceous Species

Lobelia siphilitica

Lysimachia ciliata

Meliotus a!ba

Monarda fistulosa

Osmorhiza longistylisvillicaulis

Oxalis europea

Panicum sp.

Parnassia grandiflora

Parthen iumintegrifolium

Penstemon digitalis

P. pallidus

Phleum pratense

Phlox paniculata

Phryma leptostachya


Polymnia canadensis

Potentilla sp.

Prunella vulgaris

Pycnanthemum pilosum

Rudbeckia hirta

R. triloba

Ruellia humilis

Sanguinaria canadensis

Silene stellata

Silphium asperrimum

S. perfoliatum

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2 2

Remarks

82.

Taxa

Herbaceous Species

Smilacina racemosa

Solidago juncea

S. radula

Sonchus sp.

Strophostyles helvola

Thaspium barbinode

Trifolium pratensis

T. repens

Uvularia perfoliata

Veratrum woodii

Verbascum blatteria

V. thaspus

Verbena stricta

V. urticifolia

Verbesina sp.

Vernonia baldwinii

Vascular Cryptogams

Adiantum pedatum


A..rhizophyllum

A. ruta-mariacrytolepis

Botrichiumvirginianum

Cystopteris bulbiferao



5

1

52

2

2

Remarks

On shaded dolo-mitic boulders

On vertical dolo-mitic boulders

Base of boulders

TABLE 22 (CON’T.)

Taxa

Vascular Cryptogams


Selaginella apoda

Thelypterishexagonoptera

Woodsi~ obtusa

~ophytes

Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus

Bartramia pomiformis

Bryhnia graminicolor

Bryoandersoniaillecebra

Bryum pseudotriquetrtm

Chiloscyphuspallescens

Climacium americanum


Fissidens minululus

Grimmia pilifera

Hedwigia ciliata

Homaliadelphus sharpii

Hyophila involuta

4

4 4

5 5,

4

4

4

4

5

4

4

Remarks

On rocky soil &rock ledges

On vertical lime-stone

On rocky soil &rock ledges

On dolomite ingully

On rocky s~il &rock ledges

On rocks

On sandstone ingully

On rocky soil

On rocks

On rocks in gully

On open dolo-mitic rocks

On open toshaded rocks

On verticaldolomite

On dolomite’increek

Br~yophy~e~

Hypnum curvifolium

H. lindbergii

T axiphyl luredeplanatum

Thuidium pygmaeum

Remarks

On rocky soil

On soil

On shaded dolo-mite in gully

On shaded dolo-mite in gully

85.

middle to upper slope is occupied by a complex hardwood forest

that is dominated by ~,uercus rubra, ~. prinoides vat. acuminata,

Garya tomentosa and Acer saccharum. Near the ridge Pinus

echinata and Juniperus virginiana are present. In open areas

along the upper slopes Rudbeckia hirta, Houstonia ~i5ricans,

Liatrus squarrosa, Parthemium inte£rifolium, and Delphinium

exaltum are common. Along the bluff ledges Aquilegia canadensis,

Hydran~e~arbor~..scens,__As_.p_olenium rhizophyllum_, A. ruta-muraria

vat. cryptolepis, and Pellaea atropurpurea are abundant. Mosses

are also common and include such species as Anomodon .attenuatus,

!. rostratus, Hedwigia ciliata, and HomaliadelDhus sharDii. The

latter species is new for the state and in fact is known from

only two other localities in the United States, both in the

Appalachians (lwatsuki, 1958).

In the narrow draw a mesic forest is well developed con-

taining many large trees of Tilia americana, 0strya virginiana,

and Nyssa sylvatica vat. caroliniana. On the forest floor the

ferns Adiantum pedatu~ Polystichum acrostichoides, Thelyoteris

hexagonopter~, and Asplenium rhizoph211um are abundant, with

the latter species restricted to shaded dolomitic boulders.

Along the lower slope, the forest dominants include Carla

cordiformis, Platanus occidentalis, Aesculus glabra, ~uercus

prinoides vat. acuminata, Tilia americana, and Ulmus rubra.

In the dense understory’beneath are found such species as

Euon,ymus atroourpurea, Carpinus caroliniana, Cornus florida,

C. drummondi.!i, ~taphylea trifolia, Dirca palustris, and Lindera

benzoin. Commonly found on the rocky bank along the edge of

the creek are the shrub species Hamamelis vernalis, H,ypericum

spathulatum, and Comus obliqua, as well as the herbaceous

species Equisetum h2emale vat. elatum, Parnassia grandiflora,

Cyperus refractus, Hepatica acutiloba, and Selaginella apoda.

A rich variety of species is found on alluvial sandy soil in

more open areas.

In disturbed areas a number of species characteristic of

old fields are present including Helenium amarum, Phleum praten.~e,

Ruellia humilis, Verbascum thapsu~,and Cirsium altissimum.

86.

For a list of the plants present in the various habitats

of station 6, see Table 22.

Nap 8.

Station 7 (19 July, 1969)

SW Z sect. 9, T. 28 N., R. 5 W.

Located just south of a high vertical bluff, station 7

covers an area of very steep (ca. 60°), east-facing wooded

slopes dissected by a slight draw. Outcrops of dolomite

(Gasconade formation) form bluffs 6-8 feet high at about mid-

slope, while at the base, talus of large angular boulders is

present. This area extends over a vertical distance of 240

(720-960) feet; therefore, because of steep topography, only

a reconnaissance of the vegetation was deemed feasible. The

species encountered, including an estimate Of their abundance,

is presented in Table 23.

The forest of the lower slope is composed largely of

Quercus prinoides vat. acuminata, Acer saccharum, and Fraxinus

quadrangulata. A well developed understory consisting of

Amelanchier arborea, Viburnum rufidulum, Bumelia lanu~inosa,

Comus florida, and Cercis canadensis is present. In open

areas, Juniperus virginiana is present, while at the very base

of the slope Sassafras albidum, Sambucus canadensis, and

Lindera benzoin are conspicuous.

Further up the slope hardwoods such as Carya tomentosa,

~uercus alb~, and ~. rubra, become increasingly more abundant

until near the summit, an oak-hickory climax forest is

encountered. The rocky, acid soil of this forest supports, in

addition to seedlings of the dominant trees, only a few species of

herbaceous plants such as Adiantum p~dstum, A~plenium platyneuron,

Polystichum acrosticho.~des, Galium concinnum, Desmodium nudiflorum,

Panicum bosci~, and Cimicifu~a racemosa.

Near mid-slope where rocky bluffs occur, Rhus radicans and

R. aromatica are particularly conspicuous. Also common on these

bluffs are the ferns Asplenium rhizoDhyl~_~_~, A. ruta-muraria vat.

cryptolepis, and the mosses Anomodon attenuatus and A. rostratus.

On the soil just below these bluffs Pedicularis canad.ensis and

the mosses Bryoandersonia ~llecebr__a, Brachythecium oxTclado~,,, and

87.

I

Nap 8. Station 7-

88.

TABLE 23

Floristic Composition of Station 7.


Acer saccharum 4

Amelanchier arborea 4

Bumelia lanuginosa ~

Carya tomentosa 4

Celtis occidentalis ~

Cercis canadensis 4

Comus florida 4

Fraxinus quadrangulata 4

Lindera benzoin 4

Quercus alba ~

Q. prinoides var. acuminata 4

Q. rubra ~

Sambucus canadensis 4

Sassafras albidum~ 4

Viburnum rufidulum ~

Acer rubrum 3

Fraxinus americana 3

Juniperus virginiana 3

Morus rubra 3

Ulmus americana 3

U. rubra 3

Shrubs and Vines Abundance Class

Aralia racemosa ~

Dirca palustris ~


Rhus aromatica ~

R. radicans 4

Rosa sp. 3

Herbaceous Plants

TABLE 23 (CON’T)

Substrate

Polymnia canadensis

Adiantum pedatum

Asarum canadensis


A. ruta-muraria var.cryptolepis


Cimicifuga racemosa


Dioscorea villosa

Galium concinnum

G. triflorum

Hepatica acutiloba

Heuchera sp.

Panicum boscii

P. sp.




Rudbeckia laciniata

Smilacina racemosa

Solanum carolinense

Teucrium canadense


Campanula americana


D. nudiflorum


Lysimachia nummularia


Lower slope

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Dolomite boulders

Vertical dolomite

Rocky soil

Vertical dolomite

Rocky soil

Shaded rocky soil

Rocky soil

Vertical dolomite

Shaded rocky soil

Rocky soil

Wooded slope

Lower slope

Rocky soil

Lower slope

Rocky soil

Open sandy soil

Open sandy s0il

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocks, base ofslope

Rocky soil

Abundance Class

5

P

89.

90.

TABT,~, 2.5 (CON’T)

Br~ophytes

Amblystegium sp.

Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus


B. rivulare

B. serrulatum




Gymnostomum recurvirostre

Substrate

Dolomite in gully

Dolomite

Dolomite

Rocky soil

Dolomite in gully

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Vertical dolomite

Abundance Class

91.

Campylium chrysoDhyllum, are common.

Occurring at the base of the slope, especially on shaded rocks

in the dra~, is the fern Cystopteris bulbifera, which is abundant,

as well as Eupatorium p_Brpureum and L,ysimachia nummularia, both

somewhat less abundant. In open talus area, Pol,ymnia canaden~is

is very abundant. Herbaceous species are abundant on the lower

wooded slopes and include Asarum canadense, _H.epatica acutiloba,

and Smilacina racemosa. In a ditch between the road and the base

of this slope, Rudbeckia laciniata and Ph,ytolacca americana form

dense thickets, while at the edge of the road in open, sandy areas,

Solanum carolinense and Teucrium canadense are conspicuous.


Map 7. Sect. 4, T. 28 N., R. 5 W.

This station is located in an old field just east of Bay

Creek. It is traversed by a dry, intermittant stream bed

originating out of a valley to the north. The field has a

gentle slope (about lO°), running from north-east to south-west.

The actual date of the abandonment of this field is unknown,

although an ASCS aerial photograph (BND-2EE-194) dated Oct. 22,

1964, shows this field cultivated or used as pasture at that time.

Judging from the size and number of trees of Gleditsia triacanthos

and Ulmus americana present (Figure 5), it would appear that only

two, at the most four seasons~ have elapsed since last used.

The only sizable trees within the field are a few of Ulmus

americana along the dry stream bed, and these were apparently

present in 196~. Otherwise, the vegetation is predominantly

herbaceous (see Table 24). The dominance of Erigeron annuus and

Ambrosia bidentsta may be considered as evidence of the recent

abandonment of this field. Many of the other species present

indicate that the soil is sterile due to overgrazing or poor

cultivation. These include:Helenium amarum~--~ex acetocellaPlantago lanceolataAmbrosia bidentataVerbena striataAmaranthus hF~-9-idus

92.

TABLE 24


Trees


Ulmus americana

Campsis radicans

Herbaceous Species



Ambrosia bidentata

Erigeron annuus

Dactylis glomerata

Ipomea pandurata


Phleum pratense

Plantago lanceolata

P. major

Potentilla recta

Rudbeckia hirta

Rumex acetosella

Verbascum blattaria

Vernonia baldwini

Abutilon theophrasti

Amaranthus hybridus

Datura stramonium

Helenium amarum

Physalis sp.


Rumex crispus

Solanum carolinense

Solidago sp.

Sonchus sp.

Trifolium pratense

Verbena stricta

V. urticifolia

Dianthus armeriaChenopodium sp.

5

3

2

93.


Nap 9. Sect. 25, T. 29 N., R. 5 W.

Station 9, located east of the west campground of Alley

Springs State Park, consists of a single site sample, lO0 x lO0

feet, in a wooded area that is about lO feet above normal stream

level. Extensive gravel bars surround this area on the north,

west, and south. The soil is sandy and alkaline (pH 7.5 - 7.7).

The dominant trees are Acer saccharinum, ~. saccharum,

Platanus occidentalis, and Ulmus rubra. Understory trees and vines

are abundant with some very large individuals of Rhus radicans and

Parthenocissus ~uinquefo!ia present. Lindera benzoin and the

shrub, Dirca palustris, are very abundant. The herbaceous flora

is rich in species with several, for example Diodia tere~,

Cocculus ~.arolinus, and Vernonia crinita, confined to open areas

in or at the edge of the forest. Bryophytes species are few in

number, and limited to tree trunks and logs. For a list of the

species present, see Table 25.

Station i0, Sites 1-4 (20 July, 1969)

Nap i0. (Sect. 4, T. 27 N., R. 6 W.)

Station i0 consists of four sites at Jam-Up Cave, an area

of both geological and botanical interest. The latter interest

is due primarily to the presence of a number of disjunct taxa

discovered here just before the turn of the century by B. F. Bush.

Particularly notable of these disjunct taxa are Galium boreale

vat. hysoppifolia, Campanula rotundifoli___~a, Zi~adenus ela~ans,

Trautvetteria caroliniensis, and Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus.

This area is one of rugged relief, dominated by precipitous

slopes and bluffs. The bluffs are composed primarily of Gasconade

cherty dolomite, while on the ridges, Roubidoux sandstone is present

(Figure 6). At the base of the bluff a gravel bar is well devel-

oped and at the mouth of the cave, a talus slope with numerous

large angular boulders is present (Figure 7)- The bluff is

approximately 120 feet high, with numerous shaded crevices and

recesses, and dripping vertical walls at the base (Figure 8).

TABLE 25

95.

Floristic Composition of Station 9. Total number ofmeasurable trees = 30. Total basal area of all trees =2535 sq. in.

Trees Relative % Composition Abundance ClassDensity of Basal Area of Sa~

Acer negundo 3

A. saccharinum lO.O 14.5 -

A. saccharum 13.0 9.2 i

Aesculus glabra 4

Asimina triloba 4

Carpinus caroliniana 3.0 1.1 -

Celtis occidentalis 3.0 2.0 3

Comus florida 2

Diospyros virginiana 1

Fraxinus americana 3.0 0.5 3

Gleditsia triacanthos 3

Hamameiis vernalis 3

Juglans cinerea 3.0 1.5 I

J. nigra 2

Juniperus virginiana 2

Lindera benzoin 5

Platanus 17.0 30.4 4occidentalis

Rhamnus caroliniana 4

Tilia americana 7.0 2.2 -

Ulmus rubra 40.0 38.8 4

Shrubs and Vines Estimate of~-Abundance

Dirca palustris 5

Ampelopsis cordata 4

Dioscorea villosa 4


Rhus radicans 4

Sambucus canadensis 4

25 (COn’ T)


Smilax tamnoides vat.hispida


Vitis rupestris

Herbaceous Species

Bidens bipinnata

Geum canadense

Anemone canadensis

Campanula americana

Hackelia virginiana


Oxalis stricta

Teucrium canadensis

Vernonia crinita

Arisaema dracontium

Cassia nictitans

Diodia teres

Ne!ilotus albus

Physalis heterophylla

Uniola latifolia

Cocculus carolinus

Oenothera biennis

Rudbeckia triloba

Passif!ora ~utea


5

2

2

2

i

Bryoph~te~ Substrate

Anomodon minor Trees

Forsstroemia trichomitria Trees

Homalothecie]la subcaoillata Logs and trees

Abundance Class

%o0

3

~s.9 I0. Station i0, Sites

98.

Site i is located on the narrow, saddle-like ridge (alt.

ca. 920 feet) overlying Jam-Up Cave, and is approximately 500

feet by 40 feet. Trees are widely scattered and many open

prairie-like areas are present (Figure 9). The s0il is rocky,

acid, and interrupted by several flat exposures of sandstone

(Figure 6). The north side of this ridge drops off abruptly

to the steep bluffs below, while to the south, the ridge is

bordered by a steep drop-off of about i0 feet. At its west and

east ends, the ridge rises sharply to higher slopes. On the north

side of this ridge, vertical sandstone exposures (2-4 feet high)

capped by overhanging rocks are present (Figure 6). With regard

to the plants of thi~ location, the rich variety of trees is

dominated by Pinus echinata, Quercus prinoides var. acuminata, and

Quercus rubra. Other species of small trees are also common and

include ~inus caroliniana, Cornus drummondii, Diospyros

vir~iniana,_Junip÷rus virginiana, Ostrya virginiana, Viburnum

prunifolium~ P__t_~e_~ trifolia, Cercis canadensis, and Bumelia

lanuginosa. It should also be noted that a large number of

small oaks and hickories are present, particularly near the more

densely forested slopes to the east and west, indicating that

this area may eventually become a closed pine-hardwood forest.

Shrubs are abundant throughout the area, but particularly notable

are Hypericum spathulathum and Berberis canadensis. Herbaceous

species abound, including the disjuncts Galium boreale var.

hysoppifolia and Zygadenus elegans ~hich are abundant on steep,

rocky ~orth facing ledges. However, most herbaceous plants are

confined to the more or less open areas and include many typical

glade species such as Houstonia nigricans, ~gave virginica~

Petalostem~m2_~p~_~eum, Bouteloua curt______ipend~!a, Comandra richard-

sonia, Andropogon virginicus, Silene regalia, Liatrus squarrosa,

L. scabra, Silphium terebinthinacium~ and A__s~l__e_~_oia__~s viridiflora.

Other habitats within this site include shaded vertical sandstone

areas where the fern species Cheiianthes lanosa, Asplenium platy-

neuron, and Yellaea glabella are found. In addition, areas of

open sandstone "flats" ~,~ith thin overlying soil, also occur and

support a distinctive flora which includes Selaginella rupestris,

and ~lantago aristata. For a list o~~ the flora present in this

site, see Table 26.

TABLE

99.

Floristic Composition of Station I0, Site I. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 57. Total basal area of alltrees : 4199 sq. in.


Acer rubrum

A. saccharum 12.0

Amelanchier arborea

Bumelia lanucinosa

Carpinus carolinianus

Carya texana

C. tomentosa

Ce]tis laevigata

Cercis canadensis

Cornus drummondi

C. florida 4.0



Gleditsiatriacanthos


Ostrya virginiana

Pinus echinata 21.0

Prunus sp.

Ptelea trifoliata

Quercus alba 5.0


Q. rubra 25.0

Q. stellata 9.0

Ulmus rubra



i

3i

2

1

1.2 ~

1.5 3

1

27.O 4

1

9.6 3

19.9 ~

i00.

Shrubs and Vines


Hypericum spathulatum

Berberis canadensis



Rhus aromatics

R. co~allina


Vaccinium vacillans

Vitis aestiva]is

Herbaceous Soecies

Achiliea millefolium

Danthonia spicata

Galium boreale var.hyssopifolia

Houstonia nigricans

Petalostemon purpuremm

Agave virginica



Boute!oua curtioendula

Cheilanthes ]snosa


Coreopsis palmata

Echinacea pa!lida

E]~us virginicus

Euphorbia corol~ata

Gerardia f]sva

Hepatica acutiloba

Lespedeza hirta

Liatris cyiindracea


55

4

4

4


555

55

i01.

S oHerbaceous pecles

Monarda russeliana

Panicum vir{jatum

Plantago aristata

Rudbeckia hirta

Selagine!la rupestris

Silphium terebinthinacium

Smilicina racemosa

Soiidago ar6uta var.strigosa

Teohrosia vir6iniana

ThaspLim trifoliatum

Tripsicum dactyloides

Zygadenus elagans

indropogon virginicus

Anemone virginiana

Angelica venenosa

Asclepias viridiflora var.ianceo!ats

Campanula americana


Liatris scabra


Fellaea 61abella

Penstemon paJ_lldu~

Phlox pilosa

Ratibida oinnata

Ruellia humi!is

Silene rega!is

Smilax herbacea

Parthenium hispid~Lm

Vernonia baldwinii

Cacalia atrip]icifolia

Dianthus armeria


4

4-

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

102.

Bryophytes are also conspicuous throughout Site i. Collections

made in 1960, 1961, and 1965 sho~ the £ollowing taxa to be present

on the substrate indicated:

Anomodon attenuatus - Abundant on shaded rocks

Atrichum an~statum - Rocky soil of ridge

Aulacomnium heterostichum - Shaded ledges

Bsr~rsmia ~omiformis - Shaded rock ledges

Brach~theci~a oxycladon - Rocky soil

Br__~yoandersonia illecebra - Abundant on rocky soil

~ o._seudotriquetrum - Moist dolomitic rocksCam~y!ium c~r_/~9~_!~_~-- Shaded rocky soil

Clasmatodon ~arvulus - Tree trunks

Climacium americanum - Rock ledges

Dicranella heteromalla - Rocky soil of ridge

Dicranum montanum - Shaded vertical sandstone

Dicran~ sco~arium - Rocky soil

Fissidens cristatus - Rock crevices and tree bases

Frullania ~:~2~ria - Moist dolomitic rocks

Frul~ania sq.usrrosa - Shaded vertical dolomite

Grimmia laevisata- Abundant on open rocks

Gri~ia ~ilifera - Very abundant on open rocks

Hypnum curvifolium - Rocky shaded soil

Leucodon ~ulaceus - Tree trunks and rocks

Leucole~eunea cl~oeata - Vertical shaded sandstone

Lo~hocolea hete~l__~a - Shaded rocky soil

~dannia fra~rans - Dolomitic ledges

Mnium cus~idatum - Rocky soil

~rtmcal dolomiteOrthotrichur~ stran~ulatum - ~ "

Po~trichrm~ ohioense - Rocky soil

Porella olat~n~.~9_~ - On open rocks

Ptychomitri~im incur~au - Abundant on open rocks

Radula andmco~a" " - Shaded roc~o"~

Rhodobry~m rosemm - Rock ledges

Thelia as-__iore__lla - Rocky soil

Thuidium deiicatulum - Rocky soil

103.

Site 2 encompasses an area which includes a wooded, rocky

talus slope at the mouth of Jam-Up Cave; a 120-foot vertical,

north-facing, dolomitic bluff; several steep rocky slopes; and

a large gravel bar between the bluffs and the river. It was not

feasible to obtain accurate quantitative data because of the

precipitous nature of this area. A reconnaissance however, was

conducted and the diversity of the flora is presented in Table 27.

Of particular interest is the presence and distribution of two

additional disjuncts. One, Campanula rotundifolia, is established

in crevices on the lower bluffs and large boulders near the mouth

of the cave. The other, Trautve tteria caroliniensis, is very

abundant on ledges subject to considerable seepage and drippage.

Here it is associated with such common species as ~stopteris

bulbifera and Adiantum pedatum, as well as such rare species as

Heuchera p_v_beru]a forma g!abra and Zygadenus ~lagans (Figure i0).

On the upper part of the talus slope, the moss Rhytiadelphus

triquetrus is present and associated with Bryoandersonia illecebra,

Brachythecium oxycladon, and Climacium americanum.

The gravel bar supports a diverse flora. On the higher

parts of the bar dominant trees include Acer negundo and Pla-

tanus ocG~$~ntalis, while near the edge of the river Hamamelis

vernalis is abundant. Rhus radicans trails over low growing

vegetation as ~vell as extensively on the trees and adjacent bluffs.

In the understory a luxurious mixture of shrubs and herbs is

present, including such notable species as Urtica dioica Circaea

quadrlsu~t~ C~tot~enia canadensis, Equis~tum hyemale var.

elatum, Hydra~eE~_~ arborescens, and Aster furcatus.

The extensive vertical bluffs are condusive to the growth of a

number of epilithic taxa. ~articularly notable is the presence of

Hydrangea arborescens, Pellaea ~, Aquilegia canadensis,

Physiocarpus ooulifoiius,__Houstonia ni_~can____~s, Polymni~a canadensis,

and the mosses Anomodon attenuatus, A. minor, Conocephalum conicum,

G~mnostomtun aeru~inosum_, and ~. recurvirostrum.

The steep (ca. 60~), ~ooded slope supports a diverse under-

story of shrubs and herbs. Important members include Dirca ~alus-

tri____~s, Adiantum pedatum, Polj~_tichum acrosticoides, Desmodium

TABLE 27

Distribution of Plants at Station I0, .Site 2.

104.

Trees

Acer negundo

A. saccharum

Asimina triloba


Celtis occidentalis


Cercis canadensis

Cornus drummondi

C. florida

C. alternifolia

Corylus americana

Fraxinus americana

Hamamelis vernalis

Juglans nigra


Lindera benzoin

Ostrya virginiana


Salix caroliana

Sambucuscanadensis

Staphylea trifolia

Tilia americana

Ulmus rubra

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

Remarks

105.

Taxa

Shrubs and Vines

Aralia racemosa


Rhus radicans



Ribes cynosbati

Amorpha fruiticosa

Dirca palustris

Rubus sp.


Vitis rupestris

Dioscorea villosa

Herbaceous Species


Trautvetteria caroliniansis

Urtica dioica var. procera

Adiantum pedatum


Aster foreatus


Bromus purgans


Campanula rotundifolia

Cimicifuga racemosa

Circaea quadrisu].cata

Cirsium altissimum

Cryptotaenia canadensis

P

Remarks

55

5+ Particularly at base

At base of bluff

At base of bluff

Crevices and ledgesover entire bluff

Crevices, lower bluff

Upper part of slope

106.

Taxa

Herbaceous Species

Galium triflcrum

Heuchera puberula glabra


Verbesina sp.

Zygadenuselegans


Phryma leptostachya

Aruncus dioicus

Daucus carota

Prunella vulgaris

Samolus parviflorus

Agrostis alba

Arisaema atropurpurea


Carex amphiloba


Eleocharis clava

Elymus virginicus

Equisetum hyemale var. elatum


Geum canadense

Houstonia nigricans

Juncus tenuis "

Nuphar luteum var. orzakanum

Panicum sp.


Polymnia canadensis

Rudbeckia laciniata

2

2

i

P

P

P

Remarks

At base of bluff

Edge of river

Sandstone boulder

Sandstone boulder

Floating in water

Taxa

Herbaceous Plants

Senecio aureus

Teucrium canadensis

Thaspium trifoliatum

Uniola lati£olia

Veratrum woodii

Verbena urticifolia

Sisymbrium of£icinale vat.leiocarpum

P

P

Remarks

107 ¯

108.

nudiflorum, Aralia racemose, and Phyrma leptostach2a.

Collections of bryophytes in 1960, 1961, and 1965 show

the following additional taxa to be present on the substrate

indicated:

Br~hnia graminicolor - Shaded dolomite

Eucladium verticillatum - Vertical dolomite

Fissidens cristatus - Rocks in cave

Fissidens subbasilaris - Moist vertical rocks

Fissidens viridulus - Soil, mouth of cave

Forsstroemia trichomitria var. immersa - Vertical dolomite

Hyophila involuta - Rocks in cave

H~ipnum curvifolium - Rocky soil of talus

Mnitm~ mar~inattun - Rocks in cave

Plagiochila undata vat. undata - Shaded rocks

Radula andicola - Shaded rocks

Reboulia ~emisph__aerica - Rocks edge of. river and baseof bluff

Rhodobryum roseum - Rock ledges

T~xiphylltun ~eophilum - Rocks in cave

Thuidium pygmaeum - Rocks in Jam-Up Cave

Site 3 encompasses a sink-hole leading down to an under-

ground passageway that connects Lost Hollow with Jam-Up Cave.

The sides of this sink-hole are steep, ranging from 80° to

vertical. The soil is acid and extensive exposures of sandstone

and dolomitic rocks are present. Within this sink-hole an unusually

large number of taxa occur as is shown in Table 28~ prepared from

reconnaissance data of the area. Around the rim and upper slopes,

Pinus echinata, Fraxinus americana, Juglans cine~ J. nigra,

Quercus alba, ~. prinoides vat. acuminata, ~. velutina, Q. rubra,

and Tilia americana are all abundantly represented by both

measurable trees and saplings. Understory tree species are

likewise abundant and include Asimina triloba, Cercis canadensis,

Lindera benzoin, Cornus florida, Sassafras albidum, and Viburnum

prunifolium. Also occurring in the understory is the shrub,

Hydrangea arborescens, which is very abundant on the vertical

rock exposures and ledges throughout the sink. An examination

TABLE 28

109.

Floristic Composition of Station I0, Site

Trees Estimate of RemarksAbundance

Sassafras albidum

Acer rubrum

Amelanchier arborea

Carya tomentosa

Cornus florida

Lindera benzoin

Pinus echinata

Quercus rubra

Ulmus rubra

Asimina triloba


Cercis canadensis

Fraxinus americana

Juglans cinerea

J. nigra

Quercus alba


Q. stellata

Q. velutina

Tilia americana

Viburntun prunifolium

Shrubs and Vines

54.

4

4

4

4

4

P

Mostly near rim of sink


Lonicera flava

Rhus aromatica

R. radicans

Ribes cynosbati

Vaccinium stamineum

V. vacillans

Vitis aestivalis

Aralia racemosa

54

4

4

4

On rock ledges

ii0.

Herbaceous Plants

Cystopteris bulbi£era

Panicum sp.

Adiantum pedatum


Antennariaplantaginifolia

Arisaema atrorubens

Bromus purgans

Carex sp.

Cimicifuga racemosa

Heuchera sp.

Panicum boscii


Smilacima racemosa


Uv~laria grandif]_ora

Anemone virginiana

Aruncus dioicous var.pubescens


Cassia nictitans

Dioscorea villosa

Galium triflorum

Gerardia flava

Helianthemumbicknellii

Phlox pilosa

Rudbeckia hirta

Agave virginica

B~yophytgs

Anomodon attenuatus



554

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

4

Remarks

On dolomite

Talus slope

Crevices of vertical dolomite

Upper slope

Vertical dolomite

Upper slope

On dolomite

Soil

Upper rim

On dolomite

On dolomite

iii.

TABT,R, 28 (CON’ T)

Br_~ygphytes Estimate ofAbundance

Remarks

Bryoandersonia illeoebra

Dicranum scoparium

Hypnum curvifolium

Leucobryum glaucum

~ium affine

Pleurozium schreberi

Thuidium delicatulum

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

On soil

On soil

On sandstone soil ofrim

On soil and sandstone~ledges

On dolomiteOn upper sandstone

ledges

On soil

112.

of Table 28 will reveal the diverse nature of the herbaceous flora.

For a small sink-hole with such steep sides, the diversity and

number of trees and shrubs is remarkable and attests to the

protected nature this type of geological feature affords. Only

at the bottom is its flora more limited, probably due to both

lack of sufficient light and periodic flooding. Even here, the

fern Cystopteris bulbifera and several mosses are abundant.

A more concerted study of the bryophytes of the sink-hole

in 1960 revealed the following species, in addition to those

listed in Table 28, to be present:


Diphyscium foliosum

Fissidens cristatus

Nnium marginatum

Radula andicola

Scapania nemorosa

Site 4 is a wooded rocky ridge southeast of Jam-Up sink-

hole, at an altitude of approximately 1030 feet. Here the terrain

is level with an acid (pH 5.5-5.7) s6il, which is poor and covered

by a heavy leaf litter. The trees present obviously represent

secondary growth. Not only are the trees rather even aged, but

many have developed as stump sprguts. The canopy is fairly closed

with 60 to 70% of the sky obscured by leaves and branches. Over

70% of the trees are oaks, with Quercus velutina by far the most~

abundant species. The vine Rhus radicans, and the small trees,

Comus florida and Sassafras albidum, are the dominant understory

species. The poor soil is sparcely populated with herbaceous

species and bryophytes. The dominance of black-oak here indicates

that this area is in an advanced stage of succession that should

eventually stabilize as an oak-hickory forest. The herbaceous

flora present is also typical of this stage in succession.

For a list of the taxa present in site 4, see Table 29.

Station Ii (20 July, 1969)

Nap ll. (NW % Sect. i0, T. 27N., R. 6W.)

Station Ii is an upland, old field covering approximately 2

acres. The acid soil is thin, and judging from the number and

113.

TABLE 29

Floristic Composition of Station lO, Sitenumber of measurable trees = 61.trees = 3320 sq. in.

Trees RelativeDe~s±t~

Carya texana 5.0

C. tomentosa 5.0

Comus florida

Crataegus sp.


Pinus echinata

Quercus alba ll.0

Q. rubra 5.0

Q. stellata 20.0

Q. velutina 41.0


Viburnum rufidulum

Shrubs and Vines


% Compositiono~f Basal ’Area

1.7

1.6


1

11.8

6.918.951.9

7.3

Estimate of~ Abundance

2

Rhus radicans

Rosa carolina



Vitis vulpina

Rhus glabra

Rubus sp.

Vaccinium stamineum

Herbaceous Species

5

3

2


Apocynum cannabinum

Ascyrum hypericoides vat.muticaule

Aster sagittifolius

TABLE 29 (CON’T)

Herbaceous Species


Aster patens

Cunila origanoides

Galium pilosum

Gerardia flava

Potentilla simplex

Schrankia nuttallii

Hypericum punctatum vat.punctatum

Panicum dichotomum var.barbulatum

Pteridium aquilinium var.latiusculum

Bryophytes

Atrichum angustatum


2

2

Abundance Class

115 ¯

Map ii. Stations ii snd 12.

116.

TABLE 30

Floristic Composition of Station ll.

Trees Estimate ofAbundance’

Carya texana


Sassafras albidum

Cornus drummondii

Quercus alba

Q. rubra

Q. stellata

Shrubs and Vines

2

2

2

2

Rhus copallina

R. clabra

Rubus sp.


Vitis aestivalis

Herbaceous Plants

555

Achillea millefolium

Ambrosia bidentata

Andropogon virginicus

Bromus sp.

Carex complanata var.hirsuta

Daucus carota

Plantago aristata

Potentilla erecta

Chrysopsis pilosa

Dianthus armeria

Erigeron strigosus

Apocynum canabinum

Euphorbia corollata

55555

555

¯ A~ 5o (CON’S)117 ¯

Herbaceous Plants

Solanum carolinense

Hypericum punctatum


Haplopappus sp.

Bryoohytes

Atrichum angustatum


2

2

i

118.

size of trees present, this field has probably not been culti-

vated on a regular basis in 8-10 years. However, it may have

been grazed in recent years, as a number of the taxa present,

such as Rhus copallina, ~. glabra, Rubus sp. Eri~eron strigosus,

Plantago aristata, Ambrosia bidentata, and Achillea millefolium,

are indicative of overgrazing.

Trees are scattered throughout the field (Figure Ii), with

individuals of CarFa texana being the most abundant, some

attaining diameters of 4-8 inches. Although two species,

Juniperus virginiana and Sassafras albidum are also common, several

others are represented by only 2-3 individuals each, and include

such taxa as Cornus drummondii, ~uercus alba, and ~. stellata.

Shrubs are common throughout. Rhus copallina, ~. glabra,

and Rubus sp. are very abundant and occur in patches (Figure Ii and

13).

Herbaceous plants~ are represented by numerous weedy taxa.

Particularly conspicuous are Daucus carota, Achillea millefolium,

Ambrosia bidentata, and Andropogon vi~.ginicus (Figure ii).

When arboreal vegetation of this old field is compared with

that sho~..~ in aerial photographs taken in 1964 ~SCS, BND-2EE-II4)

it appears that encroachment by trees is preceding at a steady

pace. Around the perimeter of the field, large trees of several

species are common, particulary Quercus stellata, quercus rubra,

and Carya texana. Should encroachment of trees continue without

disturbance, this field will undoubtedly develop into an upland

oak-hickory retest.

For a list of the plants present in Station ii, see Table 30.


Nap ii. (h~E)4. Sect. 9, T. 27 N., R. 6 W.)

Station 12 is an upland old field of approximately 2 acres,

located in a slight depression and surrounded by a mature oak-

hickory forest (Figure 14). The occurrence of Lespedeza stipu-

lacea throughout the field indicates probable recent planting

with this species. Probably no more than two growing seasons,

perhaps only one, has elapsed since last cultivated. The only

119.

woody species present, Pinus echinata, seedlings of Rhus copallina,

~. glabra, and Rubus sp. occur only at the edges of the field. The

presence of the latter shrubs and the dominance of the herbs

Ambrosia bidenta}~., Eri~ero~ stri@osus, and Andropogon virginicus

indicate misuse of this field. This is further evidenced by the

light, poor, acid (pH 5.9 to 5.5) soil.

For a list of the plants present at Station 12, see Table 31.

Station l] Sites 1-5. (21 July, 1969)

Map 12. (NW)~ Sect. 96, T. 28 N., R. 5 W.)

This station encompasses a gentle northwest-facing slope

and narro~ ridge in the vicinity of Rymers Ranch. On the lower

slope, e~osures of a cherty dolomite (Gasconade Formation) are

common. The narrow ridge is derived from the Roubidoux Formation

and the soil is rocky and e~<posures of sandstone are numerous.

Site i (i00 x i00 feet) is located i0 to 20 feet above the

river on a gentle slope (i0~) at an altitude of approximately

g80-990 feet. Undoubtedly, it does receive some flooding. The

alluvial soil is gravelly to sandy, and alkaline (pH ?.2 to 9.5).

The sky obscured ty leaves and branch~s of the dominant species

Carya cordiformis, Fraxinus sp., Tilia americana, Ulmus sp., and

~latanus occidentalis. The latter species is best established

near the river. Understory trees and shrubs, particularly Asimina

tri!oba, Cercis canadensi~, .Rhamnus caroliniana, and Symphoricarpos

orbicula.tus are abundant; and vines, such as Parthenocissus

quinquefo!ia, Rhus <tdicans, and Vitis sp., trail extensively over

the undergro:<th and u~ into the trees. Herbs are abundant and are

represented by a large w~riety of species. For a list of the

plants present in Site i, see Table 92.

Site 2 is located about 20 feet upslope from Site i at an

altitude of approximately 800 to ~20 feet, and is gently sloping

(ca. 15~). The soil is light, Covered by a thick leaf layer, and

acid (DH 5.0 to 9.}). The forest is dominated by Quercus alba,

and its canopy is closed ~..~ith about 80’}¢{ of the sky obscured by

120.

TABLE 31


Trees Estimate of’Abundance

Pinus echinata(seedlings)

Shrubs and Vines

Rhus glabra

R. copallina

Rubus sp.

Herbaceous Plants

Ambrosia bidentata


Erigeron strigosus

Lespedeza stipulacea

Rumex acetocella

R. ~tissimus

Trifolium procumbens


Cirsium discolor

Chrysanthemumlecucanthemum

Dianthus armeria

Helenium flexuosum

Hypericum punctatum

Ipomea sp.

Passiflors lutea

Phleum pratense

Potentilla recta

Solanum carolinense

Verbascum blattaria

Chrysopsis pilosa

5555

3

2

3

32

121.

Msp 12. Station 19, Sites i - 5.

122.

TABLE 32

Floristic Composition of Station 13, Site lo Totalnumber of measurable trees = 41. Total basal area of alltrees = 3339 sq. in.

Trees RelativeD’&nsity

Aoer s aocharum

Amelanohier arborea

Asimina triloba

Carya cordiformis

Celtis laevigata.

Cercis canadensis

Comus drummondi

C. florida


Fraxinus americana

F. pennsylvanica

Juglans nigra

Platanusoccidentalis


Quercus prinoidesvat. acuminata

Q. rubra

Q. velutina

Rhamnus caroliniana

Sassafras albidum

Staphylea trifolia

Tilia americana~

Ulmus americana

U. rubra

Viburnumprunifolium


5.0 0.8

15.0

5.0

22.3

2.5

5.05.0

I0.0

20.0

3.2

lO.55.2

25.0

3.0 1.3

12.1

2.913.1

I0.0

,3.0

20.0

Abundance Classo~" Sa~

2

2

1

P2

2

Shrubs and Vines.

Parthenocissus quinquefol~ia

Rhus radicans

Symphoricarpos orbicuiaris

Vitis aestivalis

V.vulpina

Dioscorea villosa

Amorpha fruticosa

Dirca palustris

Herbaceous Species

Carex complanata var.hirsuta

Viola sp.

Agrimonia sp.

Allium sp.

Campanula americana

Cassia nictitans

Elymus virginicus

Galium triflorum vat.triflorum

Geum canadensis

Prunella vulgaris

Rudbeckia lanciniata

R. hirta

Salvia lyrata

Smilax herb.acea



Astragalus canadensis

Bidens bipinnata


Daucus carota

Dianthus armeria

Erigeron annus

Estimate of~Abundance

2

1

1

5

5

4

4

4

4/

4

4

4-

TABLE 32 (CON’T)

Herbaceous Species

Galium circaezans vat.circaezans

Lactuca sp.

Oxalis stricta

Plantago major

Polymnia canadensis

Polygala senegra var.latifolia

Rudbeckia laciniata

Seymeria macrophylla

Thalictrum dasycarpum

Barbarea vulgaris

Dactylis glomerata

Ozmorhiza sp.


Polygonum virginianum

Sisyrinchium sp.

Vernonia crinita

Matelea sp.


333

3

124.

125.

leaves and branches. It is obviously secondary, as none of the trees

are really large. Only two, one each of Querhus alba and ~. rubra,

reach lO inches d.b.h. The understory is composed chiefly of

Lindera benzoin, Cory~us americana, Rhamnus caroliniana, Amelan-

chief arbores, and Sassafras albidum. As a result of shading

and thick leaf covering, herbs and bryophytes are sparse. The

successional pattern in this forest is obscure. Although it appears

to be developing into an oak-dominated forest, it is a bit unusual

for Quercus alba to so dominate the forest at this stage; however,

in this particular case, the oaks apparently invaded early and

quickly established themselves in the area after a disturbance.

The absence of Acer saccharum is notable. For a list of the

species present in Site 2, See Table 33.

Site 3 (200 x 200 feet) is located in an old field on a

gentle slope (15 to 20°) ranging in altitude from 8~0 to 880

feet. Small boulders of sandstone are present and the soil is

acid (pH 5.2). Trees are scattered and stump sprouts are very

common. At one time this site was probably cleared of tree

species, later abandoned, and later partially cleared for pasture.

Of the dominant trees present, Gleditsia tricanthos and Juglans

nigr~ are particularly characteristic of old fields. Stump sprouts

for all trees are relatively young and even aged and indicate

that larger trees ~..~ere cut lO to~15 years ago~ Vines are very

conspicuous and some are quite large. For example, some stems

of Vitis aestivalis were up to 3 inches in diameter. Many of the

herbaceous taxa are indicative of past overgrazing. For a list

of the species oresent in Site 3, see Table 34.

Site 4 (approximately 50 x 200 feet) is ~ocated in an oak-pine

forest on a narro~ ridge (altitude ca. i000 feet). The soil is

sandy, covered by a thick layer of fallen leaves, and acid (pN 5.0

to 6.5). Approximately 60 to 70% of the sky is obscured by the

tree canopy. This oak-pine forest is typical of narrow ridges.

The dom~.na tree species are Pinus echinata, Carya texana,

Quercus alb_a, ~. rubra, andQ. velutina. Understory shrubs are

common v~ith Vaccinium stsmineum very abundant and other species,

such as Ceanothus americana, Rhus aromatica, and Rhus glabra,

126.

TABLE 33



Amelanchier arborea


C. tomentosa 4.0

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida

Corylus americana


Gleditsia tri acanthos 2.0

Juglans nigra 4.0


Lindera benzoin

Morus rubra

Ostrya virginiana

Platanus 4.0occidentalis

Prunus americana

P. serotina

Quercus alba 70.0


Q. rubra 4.0

Rhamnuscarolinian a

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus americana

U. rubra 2.0

Shrubs and Vines


Campsis radicans

Rhus copallina


1.0

2.5

7.5

3.6

73.7

6.3

1.0

Estimate ofAbundanc’e

5


P

2

P

TABLE 33

Shrubs snd Vines

(CON’T)


Rhus radicans

Rubus sp.

Vitis aestivalis

Rhus glabra

Smilax bona-nox


Herbaceous Species

Bidens bipinnata

Carex muhlenbergii

Cassia nictitans

Galium triflorum


Campanula americana

Elymus virginicus

Erigeron annus

Geum canadense var. camporum

Hypericum punctatum vat.ounctatum

Lactuca floridana

Monarda fistulosa

Oxalis stricta

Potentilla recta

Prunella vulgaris

Rudbeckia laciniata

Rumex acetocela

Sanicula canadensis


Bromusso.

Chrysanthemum leuc anthemum

Daucus carota

Dioscorea vi~losa

Hypericum punctatum

33

3

3

32

2

2

2

2

2

127.

~AB~ 33 (CON’S)

Herbaceous Species

Urtica dioica

Passiflora lutea

Silene stellata


Atrichum angustatum

Thelia asprella


Entodon seductrix

Eurhynchium pulchellum

Hedwigia ciliata

Substrate

Soil

Tree bases

Soil

Tree bases

Soil

Rocks


2

i

I

Abundance Class

128.

129.

Floristic Composition of Station 13, Site 3.number of measurable trees = 40.trees = 1476 sq. in.

Trees RelativeDensi’~2

Asimina triloba

Carya tomentosa 18.0

Celtis laevigata 3.0

C. occidentalis 3.0

Comus drummondi

C. florida 15.0


Gleditsia 18.0triacanthos

Juglans nigra 20.0


Norus rubra

Quercus alba 3.0

Rhamnus lanceolata

Ulmus rubra 3.0



2

15.4o -1.9o -

.85 -2

12.90 -

~ 50 4

17.30 -

32.60 3

7.so 42

3.80 -

3.90 -

Shrubs and Vines



Rhus radicans

Rubus sp.

Vitis aestivalis

V. vulpina

Herbaceous Species

Carex muhlenbergii

Nonarda fistulosa


Bidens bipinnata


54

4

55

coN,

Herbaceous Species

Bromus japonicus

Cassia nictitans

Dianthus armeria

Elephantopsis carolinianus

Erigeron annus

Geum canadense

Lespedeza sp.

Nuhlengergia sp.

Panicum boscii

~. sp.

Prunella vulgaris

Torilus japonicus

Gnaphalium obtusifolium

Monarda fistulosa vat. mollis

Agrimonia pubescens

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Gnaphalium purpureum

Sonchus sp.

Poa pratensis

~ryophytes and Lichens Substrate

Atrichum angustatum


Brachythecium oxyc!adon

Entodon seductrix

Hedwigia ciliata

Soil

Soil

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks


2

2

2

i

P

Abundance Class

131.

TABLE 35



Acer rubrumAmerlanchier arborea

Carya texana 23.0

C. tomentosa 3.0

Cornus florida 1.O


Nyssa sylvatica var. 1.Ocaroliniana

Pinus echinata 34.0

Quercus alba 6.0

Q. marilandica 6.0

Q. rubra 6.0

Q. velutina 21.0

Rhamnus caroliniana

Rhus copsllina

Sassafras albidum

Viburnumprunifolium

Shrubs and Vines

i~ Compositionof Basal Area

13.7

3.80.6

o.5

19.8

11.6

2.9

12.0

35.0



I

2

2

Vaccinium stamineum


Rhus aromatica

R. glabra

R. radicans


Dioscorea villosa

5

32

132.

Herbaceous Species




Carex sp.

Coreopsis palmata

Cunila origanoides


Lespedeza sp.

Parthenium hispidum

Silene stellata

Baptisia leucophaea

Blephila ciliata



Phlox pilosa

Rudbeckia hirta

Silphium asteriscus

Stylosanthes biflora

Euphorbia corollata

Gerardia flava

Smilacina racemosa


5

2

2

2


Anomodon attenuatus

Atrichum angustatum

Dicranum scoparium

Ditrichum pallidum


Hedwigia ciliata

Leucodon julaceus


Thelia asprella

Weissia controversa

Substrate Abundauce Class

Tree bases 4

Rocky soil 4

Rocky soil 4

Rocky soil $

Tree trunks 4

Dolomitic rocks 4

Tree trunks 4

Dolomitic rocks ~

Rocky soil 3

Rocky soil 3

134.

abundant. The most common herbs are Tephrosia vir~iniana, Anten-

naria planta~inifolia, Asplenium plat,yneuron, Coreopsis palmata~

Cuni~is origanoides, Desmodium rotundifolium, Lespedeza sp.,

Parthenium hi~pidum, and Silene stellata. Mosses are conspicuous

on both soil, rocks, and tree trunks. For a list of the species

present in Site 4, see Table 35.

Site 5 includes scattered trash heaps and roadside areas in

the vicinity of old dwellings. Herbs common in these areas are

Silphium .~steriscus, Datura stramonium, Cichorium inSybus, Vernonia

baldwini, Phytolacca americana, Erigeron canadensis, and Festuca

obtusa.

Station 14. Sites 1-4 (i August,1969)

Map 13. (NW % Sect. 34, T. 28 N., R. 6 W.)

This station is located in Texas County ca. one mile south

of Harlow Ford at the south end of a sharp bend in the river.

Its location is outside of the present Scenic Riverways boundary,

although at the time it was studied, maps then available indicated

its inclusion. At any rater this is a very interesting area and

its incorporation into this report is helpful in understanding

the full range of variation in the vegetation of the Jacks Ford,

inasmuch as it is a good example of the type of rich mixed

mesophytic forest that often develops on north-facing slopes.

The slope at this station is very steep, ca. 60 to 70°, and

rises abruptly from the edge of the river; consequently there is

practically no flood plain or river bottom developed. Midway up the

slope, dolomite bluffs i0 to 20 feet high occur. The rocky soil

of the upper slopes and ridge is acid, and contains numerous

boulders and ledges of exposed Roubidoux sandstone. The pH

pattern of this slope is typical. Along the lower slope (site i)

the soil is alkaline, pH 7.9, while toward the ridge it becomes

progressively acid, reaching a pH of 4.5. At mid, slope (site 2)

the soil is slightly acid, pH 6.6.

Because of the precipitous terrain, no attempt was made to

lay out sample areas of definite size. Rather, the vegetation

of four regions-lower slope, (site i), mid-slope (site 2), upper

135.

west slope (site 3), and upper east slope and ridge (site 4)__

were sampled by tabulating all measurable trees in each region.

For the understory vegetation, an estimate of abundance was made.

The general character of the vegetation of each of these regions

is discussed below.

Sit___~e ~, lower slope. The forest developed at the base of the

slope is dominated by t~ical river bottom species such as Platanus

occidentalis, Ulmus rubra, J__uElans n__i~_~, and Tilia americana.

The understory is composed chiefly of small trees of Acer saccharum,

Carpinus carolinian~, Lindera benzoin, and Staphylea trifolia~

although near the edge of the river, Viburnum molle occurs

infrequently. Shrubs are also common, but with a number more or

less restricted to areas among large boulders at the edge of the

river (e.g. Amo____r~oh~__~a fructicosa, ~ephalanthus occidentalis, and

Physo~arpus ~oulifo~ius ). Euonymus obovatus is an important

species trailing over the soil. Of the rich variety of herbs

present, many are confined to the river edge, for example, Boeh-

meria cylindrica, Samolus parviflorus, Asclepias incarnata,

Rudbeckia triloba, Nimulus alatus, Kickxia elatine, and Selaginella

apoda. On the shaded soil further away from the edge of the river,

other species are more common. Notable taxa found here include

Adiantum pedatum_, Asarum canadense, DryoDteris marginalia,

Botrychiumvir~inianum, ~itella d~iphylla, Arisaema atrorubens,

Smilacina racemosa, and Veratrum ~,~oodii. Upon the large boulders

within the area are found typical epilithic vascular plants such

as A~~ canadensis, Hydrangea arborescens, Cystopteris bulbi-

fera, and the bryophytes Anomodon attenuatus, A. minor, Conocephalum

conicum, and Tax$~_h~llum deplanatum. The mosses Hypnum curvifolium

and Timmia megaoolitana are abundant on shaded soil. For a list of

the species present on the lo~.~er slope, see Table ~6.

Site ~, mid-slope. The character of the mid-slope differs

considerably from the lower slope, as is shown by the change in

composition of the dominant trees. Platanus occidentalis, Ulmus

rubra, and Ju~lans ni~ra are replaced in importance by Acer sacchar~m,

Fraxinus americana, ~uercus rubr_a, and Tilia americana. However,

the character of the understory has changed little from below,

196.

Floristic Composition of Station 14, Site i.number of measurable trees = 22.trees = 1961 sq. in.


Acer saccharum

Asimina triloba


Cornus florida

Crataegus sp.


Fraxinus americana

F. quadrangulata

Juglans nigra I#.0

Lindera benzoin


Quercus prinoidesvar. acuminata

Q. rubra 5.0

Staphylea trifolia

Tilia americana 18.0

Ulmus rubra 92.0

Viburnum molle

Shrubs and Vines

TotalTota! basal area of all

% Com~oositionof Ba~a’l’"Area

16.8

9.2

Abundance Classof’" Saplin’~s

2

i

I

2

i

2

i

29.0

Estimate ofAbund’anc e

Euonymous obovatus



Rhus radicans


Amorpha fruiticosa

Aralia racemosa


Ribes cynosbati

5555

9

Herbaceous Species

Adiantum pedatum

Asarum csnadensis



Boehmeria cylindrica


Dianthera americana


Dryopteris marginalis

Geum canadense

Nimulus alatus

Nitella diphylls

Nuphar ~ute~m var. ozarkanum


Rudbeckia triloba

Samolus parviflorus

Senecio aureus

Uniola istifolia

Anemone virginiana

Arisaema atrorubens

Aruncus dioicus

Asclepias incarnata


Campanula americana

Monarda russeliana

Polygonum virginianum

Prunella vulgaris

Selaginei~a apoda

Smilacina racemosa

Amaranthus spinosus

Kickxia elatine

Veratr~ v~oodii


55

4-

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

158.


Anomodon attenuatus

A. minor


Hypnum curvifolium

Substrate

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks, edge ofriver

Shaded soil

Trichostomum cylindricum Rocks

Timmia megapolitana

Dumortiera hirsuta

Taxiphyllum deplanatum

Weissia controversa

Soil

Moist rocks

Shaded limestone

Shaded rocks

Abundance Class

4

44

4

4

139.

except for an a-pparent increase in abunds~ce of Staphyl~a trifolia.

A rich zariety of herbs and bryophytes are found within this area.

For a list of the species present in the mid-slope region, see

Table 37.

Site 3, upper ~.Jest slope. This site encompasses a mesophytic

forest dominated by many small trees of Acer saccharum and larger

trees of ~ercus rubra and Tilia americana. Understory associates

incl.ude Car~inus caroliniana, Cercis canadensis~ Cornus florida,

Sassafras albidum, and Vac~nium vacillan~. ~axa of herbaceous

plants are fewer than are present on the lower parts of this slope.

The lichen Cladonia and the moss Dicranu~1 scoparit~n, are very

abundant on the soil. For a list of the species present on the

upper slope, see Table 98.

Site ~, u_~ooer east slope and rid~. ~his area, different

in composition from the upper west slope, is separated from the

plant communities of the lo~ver slopes by ~O-foot bluffs. Here,

a pine-hardwood forest is ~ell developed, ~ith Pinus echinata,

~uercus alb~, rubra, and ~. velutina the dominant trees and

Vaccinium so. the dominant shrub. The herbaceous flora is poorly

developed, and this, in addition to the sterile rocky soil, indi-

cates the occurrence of repeated ground fires. Near the edge of

the bluff in open areas, Houstonia Digricans and Liatrus cylin-

dracea are the common herbs. The ferns Cheilanthes feei and

Pellaea ~labella are scattered on vertical sandstone beneath

overhan~in~ ledges, while mosses are very abundant on the open

rocky soil near the bluff ledges. Particularly notable, with

regard to the latter are the presence of the rare boreal disjtmcts

Rhytiadelohus triquetrus, R__~tidium r__u~os~, and Pleurozium

schreberi. For a list of the plants present in the east area of

the upper slope, see Table ~9.

Station 15, Sites 1-2 (2 August, 1969)

~qap iz~ (SW)4 Sect. 19, T. 28 N., R.5 W.)

Station I~ is located about 6 miles NW of Birch Tree, where

the Jacks Fork llo~vs belo~,~ a south-facing, forty-foot bluff of

140.


Trees Relative % ComoositionDenNity of Basal Area

Acer saccharum 25.0

Asimina triloba


Cercis canadensis

Comus florida


F. quadrangulata

Juglans cinere a 5.0

J. nigra 6.0

Lindera benzoin


Quercus prinoides var. 5.0acuminata

Q. rubra 5.0

Sassafras a!bidum

Staphylea trifolia


Ulmus rubra 15.0

Abundance Classof’ Saplings

I0.0 #

4

2

4

9.52

?.0 -8.1 2

8.1 i

32.5 3

516.8 4

10.3 1


Aralia racemosa

Dioscorea villosa



Vitis vulpina

4

4

4

Herbaceous S~e,cies Estimate ofAbidance

Isarum canadense

Adiantum pedatum


Arisaema atrorubens

Aruncus dioic us


Cimicifuga racemosa

Cunila origanoides



Drypteris marginalis

Galium circaezans

G. concinnum

G. triflorum

Hepatica acutiloba

Heuchera sp.



Smilacina racemosa

Solidago arguta

Veratrum woodii

Campanula americana

Caulophyllum thalictroides

Polymnia canadense

Thaspium barbinode


Passiflora lutea


Anomodon attenuatus

A. minor

A. rostratus

Atrichum undulatum

Brachythecium oxyc]adon


Substrate

Shaded rocks

Shaded rocks

Shaded rocks

Shaded soil

54

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

44

Vertical dolomite

Shaded soil

Abundanoe Class

142 o



Gymnostom~m aeruginosum

Isopterygium tenerum

Orthotrichum strangulatum

Rhynchostegiella compacta

Substrate

Shaded soil

Vertical dolomite

Log

Vertical dolomite

Vertical dolomite

Abundance Class

TABLE

F!oristic Composition of Station 14, Sitenumber of measurable trees = 27.trees = 2159 sq. in.


Acer saccharum 33.0


Carya tomentosa

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida 4.0

Fraxinus americana 4..0

Juglans cinera 4.0

Lindera benzoin

Nyssa sylvatica vat. ii.0carolinisna

Quercus alba 7.0

Q. rubra ~JO.0

q. ve!utina 7.0

Sassafras albidum

Staphylea trifolia


Shrubs and Vines


% Composition Abundance Classof B’asal Area of Saplings

8.2 4

0.6 #

2.3 3

1.8 2

1.8 3

3.6

58.33.6

20.0


Vaccini~m vacillans



Herbaceous..S2ecies

Adiantum pedatum


Cimicifuga racemosa

Cunila origanoides


Galium concinuum

5

44

4

4

4

4

CON’ ~)

Herbaceous Species

Gerardia flava



Solidago arguta var. arguta

Aruncus dioicus

Hepatica acutiloba

~ryo~hytes and Lichens Substrate

Cladonia sp.

Dicranum scoparium

Anomodon attenuatus

Leucobryum glaucum


Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Estimate ofAb~andsince

Abundance Class

55

145.

TABLE 39


Trees

Acer rubrum

Cornus florids

Pinus echinata

Quercus alba

Q. rubra

Q. velutina

Relative % Composition Abundance ClassD’~’nsity of Basal Area of Sa~lings

~.0 O.8 -

5.o 1.1 -33.0 31.3 -25.0 31.5 -

15.o 17.5 -19.o 17.s -


Vaccinium sp.

Herbaceous S~ecies

Houstonia nigricans

Cheilanthes feei

Liatrus cylindracea

Pellaea glabe!la


Dicranum scoparium

Rhytidium rugosum



Rhytiadelphus triquetrus

Pleurozium schreberi

Dicranum spurium

P!atydictya subtile

Substrate

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Trunk ofmaple

5

Abundance Class

55

2

2

Gasconade dolomite. Site i includes the narrow talus of large

angular rocks between the river and bluff as well as the lower

bluff itself, while site 2 is a rather large gravel bar in the

river just across from the bluff. In both sites, only a reconn-

aissance of the vegetation was conducted.

Site 1 is an unusually moist site. The rocks of the talus

and the base of the bluff are subject to considerable seepage and

dripping of water from the rocks above. Trees are not abundant.

Only one each of ~D.uercus prinoides var. acuminata, Fraxinus americana,

~,uercus rubra, and three individuals of Ulmus rubra includes most

of the measurable trees present. However, all of these trees are

more common on a broader sloping ledge above the bluff. Smaller

trees and saplings are scattered, particularly where the talus is

more extensively developed. Of these, ~taph~a trifolia is the

most abundant.

The bluffs support a number of very interesting species.

Of the woody species present, H_ff_dran~ea arborescens is the most

common, although Rhus radicans is abundant and represented by

large stems that gro~ up the sides of the bluff. At the base

of the bluff where it extends down to the river, Adiantum

capillus-veneris, and C_2~opteri~ bulbifera are very common.

In addition to the common bluff inhabitating species like

Aquilegia canadensis and Heuchera sp., three species are particularly

notable, since they ~ere heretofore known in the Jacks Fork region

only from the north-facing bluffs of Jam-Up Cave. These are

Trautvetteria caroliniensi~, Campanula rotundifolia, and Zygadenus

ele~ans. The moist conditions of this bluff, even though south

facing, is condusive to the gro~th of an abundance of herbs and

bryophytes that include a number of interesting species, such

as Parnassia ~, Diarrhena americana, Ast.er furcatus,

and the tufa-forming moss, G~mnostomum recuvirostre vat. scabrum.

Several other herbs, for example ~quisetum hyemale vat. elatum,

Scirous atrovire~, and Uniola latifolia are confined primarily

to the edge of the river. For a list of the species present at

Site i, see Table 40.

148.

TABLE

Floristic Composition of Station 15, Site i. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 8. Total basal area of alltrees = 384 sq. in.

Trees Relative % CompositionDensity of Basal A~ea

Asimina triloba

Carpinus caroliniana 13.O


Fraxinus americana 13.O


Juglans nigra




Quercus prinoides vat. 13.0acuminata

Q. rubra 13.0

Sambucus canadensis

Staphylea trifolia

Ulmus rubra 38.0

Abundance Classof Sapling’s

2

5.1 3

13.1 3

2

33

340.1 -

20.4

18.0


2

2


Rhus radicans

Smilax bona-nox


Physocarpus opulifo!ius

Herbaceous Species

Adiantum capillus-veneris

Trautvetteria caroliniensis

Uniola latifolia


5

555

149.

¯~s~ 4o (CO~T’ :~)

Herbaceous Species


Elymus virginicus


Galium triflorum

Geum canadensis

Heuchera sp.

Nuhlenbergii sp.

-Panictum anceps

P. boscii

P. dichotomum

Parnassia grandiflora

Prune!la vulgaris


Satureja arkansana

Selaginella apoda

Senecio aureus


Aruncus dioicus


Agrostis alba

Aster furcatus

Campanula rotundifolia

Cimicifuga racemosa

Circuta maculata

Diarrhena americana

Ipomea pandurata

Lysimachia quadrifolia

Nimulus alatus

Pallaea glabella

Rudbeckia laciniata

Samolus parviflorus

Scirpus atrovirens


44

4

4

4

4

4

4

44

4

150.

Herbaceous Species

Zygadenus elegans

Scutellaria lateriflora

Estimate of~Abundance



Gymnostomum recurvirostrevar. scabrum

Cratoneuron filicinum

Philonotis marchica

Substrate

Vertical dolomite

Vertical dolomite

Vertical dolomite

Vertical dolomite

Abundance Class

3

151 ¯

Site 2 is a large gravel bar of uneven topography ranging in

relief from 1-7 feet above the present level of the river. Near

its center, the aggrading influence of goods is apparent. Trees

are scattered throughout the bar, with Platanus occidentalis and

Salix carolinians, by far the most common. Hany of the trees are

quite large, with maximum d.b.h.’s observed in the following

species: Fraxinus ~enns~ivanica - 14"; Gleditsia triacanthos - 18";

Platanus occidemtalis - i~". Vines are numerous and include some

large individuals of Parthenocissus ~uincuefolia, Rhus ~adic~,

Smilax bona-nox, and ¥itis aestivalis. Vitis rupestris trails over

the gravel in open areas

Herbaceous species are numerous, scattered, and established

best on the hi~her open parts of the bar where the gravel has

been filled with sand. Hany of tkese plants are weedy in nature,

for example Gaura biennis, Saponaria officin~is, Helilotus alb___~a,

Phytolacca s~ericana~ Campanu!~ americana, and Verbascum thapsus,

and thrive in this gravel bar environment. For a list of the

species present at Site 2, see ~able ~I.

Station 16 (2 August, 1969)

Nap 15. (1’~ ~,~ sect 20, .

Station 16 is an abandoned_ field approximately } acres in

size, located ce. ~-mile ~W of Chalk Bluff. Its elevation is

~50 feet, some 10-15 feet above the present level of the Jacks

Fork River, from which it is separated by a bottomland forest

about 250 feet wide. Jud~;ing from the scattered occurrence of

woody species, this field has probably been recently used as

-oasture ~he presence of woody s.~ "~ ~~ . ~D~cm~s such as Rubus sD., Rhus

copallina, and R. glabra; forbs like Helenium amarum, Torilis

japonica, Ambrosi~ bidentata; and the @rasses Bromus ~japonicus and

~anicum bosci___!i, sugsest the overuse of this land. If this field

continues to lie fallow, sn increase in the woody flora should

occur with ~J~u~IsD£ _ni~£, .Sassafras albidu~A, Diosp~yros vir~inians,

and perhaps Gleditsia triacanthos becomin6 prominent.

At the present time, flowerin~ herbs are most abundant, and

for a list of t~ese and other plants present, see Table %2.

152.

TABLE


Trees Estimate ofAbundance

Cercis canadensis

Cornus drummondi

C. obliqua

Hamamelis vernalis

Fraxinus pennsylvanica


Norus rubra


Salix caroliniana

Ulmus rubra

3

2

55

Shrubs and Vines


Rhus glabra

R. radicans

Rubus sp.

Smilax bona-nox


Vitis aestivalis

V. rupestris

Herbaceous Species

Commelina sp.


Elymus virginicus

Gaura biennis

Geum canadense

Houstonia nigricans

Panicum virgatum

Phlox paniculata


Rudbeckia triloba

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

TABLE 41 (CON’T)

Herbaceous Species


Solidago gigantea var.leiophylla

Vernonia crinita

Campanula americana

Eupatorium coelestinum

Ipomea pandurata

Kickxia elatine

Neliotus albus


Scrophularia marilandica

Acalypha gracilescens var.monococca

Bidens bipinnata

Cassia marilandica

Estimate of"LAbundance

2

2

2

153.

Pilea pumila

Digitaria sp.

Hackelia virginiana

Nimulus a!atus

Verbascum thapsus

2

I

I

i

I

Map 15. Station

IIII

~ap 16, Station 17.

i55.

TABLE 42


Trees and Shrubs Estimate of"Abundance

Rubus sp.

Sambucus canadensis

Aesculus glabra

Cercis canadensis


Sassafras albidum

Jug!arts ni~ra

Rhus copa!lina

R. glabra

Herbaceous Species

Ambrosia bidentata

Bromus japonicus

Dianthus armeria

Agrimonia pubescens

Blephila hirsuta


Eiephantopis carolinianus

Eupatorium perfoliatum

Helenitun ~rum

Heliopsis heli~nthoidesvat. scabra

Hypericum punctatum

Nonarda citriodora

Panicum boscii

Potentilla recta

Sabatia angularis

Teucri~a canadense

Tridens flavus

Torilis japonica


Phryma leptostachya

5

3

555

4

4

4

4

44

156.

Station 17 (3 August, 1969)

Map 16. (SE % Sect. 31, T. 28 N., R. 6 W.)

This station is an island gravel.bar, about ~ acre in size,

located in the Jacks Fork River at Blue Springs. Rising only

a few feet above the stream level, it undoubtedly is subject to

extensive flooding. Judging from ASCS Aerial Photo (BNF-2EE-

244), taken September I, 1964, few trees were growing on this

bar. Presently, however, at its center, trees are very

abundant, and have served to stabilize the bar. Platanus

occidentalis, Ulmus rubra, and Acer ne~undo are the dominant

overstory trees, occurring primarily on the higher central

part of the bar. Also abundantly present are the smaller woody

species Salix caroliniana and Comus drummondii, particularly

~round the edges of the bar. Growing with the dominant trees in

the more heavily wooded center of the bar are the vines Rhus

radicans and Vitis sp. Another vine, Vitis rupestris~ grows more

commonly around the edges of the woods and extends to and upon the

bare gravel of open areas (Figure i~).

By this time in the growing season, herbs are becoming

very prominent on gravel bars and those present here are

typical. ~any are confined to low areas near the river, such

as Dianthera ..americ.ana, Polanisia dodecandra, Eleocharis clava,

and Scirpus americanus. Others,like Kickxia elatine, Ipomea

~andurata, Commelina erecta, Euphorbia dentata, and C~phea

~etiolata, occur mainly in open gravel areas. Most herbs,

however, are confined to either "weed patches" at the edge of

the woods, or to the woods themselves. One very common species,

Cuscuta polygon~__um is a yellowish to orange, delicate vine that

is a plant parasite, in places, its growth completely covers

the host plants.

For a list of the plants present at this station, see

Table 43.

On a nearby bar upstream, a number of species were observed

that were not present at Station 17. Since they could well

become established on this or any other bar, they are listed

157.

TABLE

Floristic Composition of Station 17, Site !.

Trees Estimate ofAbUndance

Salix caroliniana

Comus drummondi

Hamamelis virginiana


Ulmus rubra

Acer he,undo

Shrubs and Vines

Rhus radicans

Vitis rupestris

V. sp.


Parthenocissus quinque£olia

Iierbaceous S~ecies

Cuscuta polygonorttm

Justicia americana

Asclepias incarnata

Boehmeria cylindracea

Csmpanula americana

Centaurea maculosa

Eleocharis clava

Kickxia elatine

Ipomea pandurata

Leersia oryzoides

Oxalis sp.

Pilea pumilaPlantago rugelii

Folanisia dodecandraPrunella ~rulgaris

Ratibida pinnata

Rudbeckia lanciniata

5

4

554

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

158.

HerbaceouA Species

Scirpus americanus

Setaria faberi

Teucrium canadense

Verbena urticifolia

Anemone virginiana

Cassia marilandica

Cicuta maculata

Commelina e~ecta

Cuphea petiolata

Digitaria sanguinalis

Echinacea purpurea

Euphorbia dentata

Leersia virginica

Nimulus alatus

Panicum virgatum

Ipomea hederacea


3

2

159.

below:

Conobea multifida

Cyperus strigosus var.stri~osus

Digitaria san~uinalis

Eupatoritun coelestinum

Penthorum sedoides


Polygonum h~dropiDeroides

- Abundant

- Infrequent, edge of bar

- Infrequent

- Abundant

- Infrequent, edge of bar

- Infrequent

- Infrequent

Station 18, Sites 1-5. (3 August, 1969)

Map 17. (SW ~ Sect. 32, T. 28 N., R. 6 W.)

Station 18 is situated on a steep northwest-facing, rocky

slope above the Jacks Fork river about ~ mile south of Blue

Springs. Surface rocks are numerous and composed of cherty

dolomite of the Gasconade Formation.

Site i (200 x 50 feet), just below a gravel road near the

summit of a narrow ridge, is on a steep slope (ca. 45-60°) at

an altitude that ranges from approximately 960 to 990 feet.

The soil is covered by a relatively thick humus layer, and is

acid (pH 5.9).~ Here a community has become established

dominated by ~inus echinata and.the co-dominants ~uercus velutina

and ~uercns alba. Saplings of these trees plus those of Acer

rubrum, Nyssa sylvatica vat. caroliniana and Carla sp. are also

abundant. The dominant understory shrubs are Ceanothus americanus

and Vaccinium vacillans. Herbaceous ground cover is sparce,

consisting mainly of Antennaria plantaginifolia, Asplenium

platyneur0n, Euphorbia corollata, Galium arkansanum, Smilacina

racemosa, and Tephrosia virginiana. The mosses Dicranum

scoparium, Thelia asprella, and Leucobr~um glaucum are also

common on the soil. The lichen genus Cladonia and the mosses

Hedwigia ciliata and Grimmia pilifera are present on the exposed

dolomitic rocks. Drummondia prorepens occurs infrequently on

tree trunks, and Tortella humilis grows around tree bases and

adjacent soil. For the plants present at Site i, see Table 44.

160.

Nap 17. Station 18

18. Station 19

161.

TABLE 44

Floristic Composition of Station 18, Site i. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 22. Total basal area of alltrees : 2818.9 sq. in.

Trees Relative /o CompositionDeHsity of Bas’al Are’a

Acer rubrum

Amelanchier arborea

Carya texana

C. tomentosa 5.0

Cornus florida 5.0


Pinus echinata 32.0

Quercus alba 27.0

Q. rubra 5.0

Q. velutina 27.0

Sassafras albidum

28.0

2O. 3I.O

49.2



32


Vaccinium vacillans


Rhus radicans

Vaccinium stamineum

Vitis aestivalis

Rhus aromatica

R. glabra

Herbaceous Species

Antenaria plantaginifolia


Euphorbia corollata

Galium arkansanum

Smilacins racemosa


4

4

3352

l

4

4

4

4

~BZ~ ~ (CON’ ~)tterbaceous Spec±es Estimate of

Abundance

Andropogon sp.

Aster linariifolius

A. patens

Baptisia leucophea


Gerardia flava

Lespedeza sp.

Lonicera flays.

Monarda russeliana


Coreopsis palmata

Cunila origanoides


Sonchus sp.


Cladonia sp.

Dicranum scooarium

Entodon seductrix

Hedwigia ciliata

Leucobryum glaucum

Platygyrium repens

Thelia asprella



Grimmia pilifera

Leucodon julaceus

Tortella humilis

Substrate

Rocks

Rocks and soil

Rocks and treebases

Rocks

Rocks, soil andwood

Decaying wood

Rocks and soil

Soil

Trees

Rocks

Decaying wood

Rocks and soil

3333

3

2

2

2

2

Abundance Class

55

4

4

333

162.

Site 2 (150 x 50 feet) is at the mid-point of a steep

slope (ca. 60°) at an altitude of from 900-940 feet. Some

vertical exposures of dolomite are present, while a thin

humus covers a rocky, acid (pH. 5.5-6.5) soil. The canopy is

variable with 50 to 80% of the sky obscured by leaves and

branches. While this forest is now an oak-pine community,

a definite successional trend is discernable that is worth

noting. The composition of basal area for the dominant

trees is: Acer rubrum, 3.6%; Quercus alba, 37%; Pinus

echinata, 30%; and Nyssa sylvatica, vat. caroliniana, 16%,

Howe~er, the density figures for the same trees are: Acer~

rubrum, 17.0%; Pinus echinata, 8%; ~uercus alba, 38%; and

Nyssa sylvatica, vat. caroliniana, 13%. It is apparent that

in total number of trees, pine is losing ground to developing

hardwoods represented by many smaller trees and saplings.

There are no pine saplings present. Although the hardwoods

have not overtopped pine, they apparently are suppressing pine

reproduction by over-shading. With time, as the pines are

eliminated by disease, old age, or some other process, a climax

upland oak-hickory forest should emerge. The understory is

dominated by small trees of Acer rubrum, Ostrya virginiana,

Amelanchier arborea, ~uercus alb_~a, and Sassafras albidum,

along with the shrubs Ceanothus americanus, Hydrangea aborescens,

Rhus glabra, and Vaccinium vacillans. Vines such as Rhus

radicans and Vitis aestivalis area abundant. The herbaceous flora

is very sparce with only a few species having more than lO

representatives in the sample are (Figure 16). On the other

hand, bryophytes and lichens are abundant on the open soil and

dolomite exposures. For the species present at Site 2, see

Table 45.

Site 3 is located between the river and the base of steep

bluffs. While a sample plot of definite size was not attempted,

a reconnaissance was made of the area and the measurable trees

tabulated. Within this area where the soil is alluvial, sandy,

and alkaline (pH 7.7-7.9), it is not uncommon to find large

angular blocks of dolomite and talus ridges separated by "wash

outs". Judging from the debris in the upper parts of understory

164.

Floristic Composition of Station 18, Site 2. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 24. Total basal area of alltrees = 1420.4 sq. in.

Trees Relative

Acer rubrum

Amelanchier arborea

Bumelia lanuginosa


C. tomentosa

Cercis canadensis

Comus florida 8.0

Fraxinus americana

Juglans cinerea 4.0


Nyssa sylvatica vat. 13.0caroliniana

0strya virginiana

Pinus echinata 8.0

Quercus alba 38.0

Q. rubra 4.0

Q. velutina 4.0

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus rubra


Dens~ity

17.0

Shrubs and Vines

% Compos_ition Abundance Classof Basal Area of Saplings

3.6 4

1

o.9 2

2

1.8 3

2

1.4 2

2

16.3 -

30. i

37.0

3.5

6.3


4

2

2



Rhus glabra

R. radicans

Vsccinium vacillans

Vitis aestivalis

Lonicera flava

54

4

4

4

4

165 ¯

Shrubs and Vines Estimate of£bundanc e

~arthenocissus quinquefolia

Smilax bona-nox

~erbaceous Species

Gillenia stipulata

Huhlenbergia sobolifera

Solidago srguta vat. 8rcuta

Aster linariifolius

Liatrus cylindracea

Scutellaria incana


Anomodon rostratus

A. attenuatus


Cladonia sp.

Ctnedium molluscum

Dicranum scoparium

Leucolejeunea clypeat~

Mnium affine




Hypnum curvifol~um

Leucobr~u~ glaucum

Substrate

Rock

Rock

Rock and soil

Rock and soil

Soil

Soil

]~ock

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil and dolomite

oOll

Soil

4

4

2

Abundance Class

4

44

4

4

4

166.

trees, this area is covered bz relatively deep water during

flood stages. The tree canopy is open with only 40-60% of the sky

obscured by leaves and branches. A large variety of trees are

present even though their density is low. ~uercus prinoides vat.

acuminata, ~. rubra, Fraxinus sop. (2 species), and Ulmus

rubra are the dominants. The understory is dense and composed

of small trees such as Asimina triloba, Cornus drummondii,

Dio~pr0s virginiana, and Carpinus carolinana. In addition, the

shrub Dirca palustris and the vine Rhus radicans are both very

abundant, the latterespecially so along the base of the bluff.

Amorpha fructicosa and Phyto carpus opulifolius, confined mainly

to large boulders, are near the edge of the river bottom. The

herbaceous flora is diverse as might be expected in an area where

habitats range from bluffs and rocky ledges, to alluvial and

rocky, shaded soils. ~,~ile some species are more or less confined

to the alluvial soil near the edge of the river (e.g. Uniola

latifolia, Leersia yirginica), others are restricted to shaded,

rocky soil at the base of the slope. Species in this latter

~roup include Gillenia stipulata, Pol,Tmnia canadensis, Prunella

v~l~aris, Pedicularis canadensis~ Senecio aureus, Geranium

maculatum, Hepatica nobilis var. acuta and Polystichum acrosti-

choides. On the rocks, Pp.~aeao~labella, Heuchera s~., and

Houstonia nigricans are common. For the list of species present

at Site ~, see Table 46.

Hap iS.

Station 19. (~ A~ust, 1969)

(SW)~ Sect. 2~, T. 28 N., R. 6 W.)

Station I0 (i00 x i00 feet) does not lie within the actual

boundaries of the Scenic Riverways. However, it is near the

road to Bunker Hill Resort, and a fine example of a flat ridge

top (altitude ca. ii00 feet) forest that occurs in many areas

of this region.

The rocky soil is acid (pH 4.8-5.%) and covered by a

thick leaf covering. The canopy is closed with ~0 to 80%

of the sky obscured by leaves and branches of relatively younz

trees. Oaks are dominant , and when all species are combined

TABLE 46

167.

Floristic Composition of Station 18, Site 3. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 2a. Total basal area of alltrees = 1527.7 sq. in.


Acer negundo

A. saccharum 15.0

Asimina triloba

Carpinus caroliniana z~.O


Cercis canadensis S.O

Cornus drummondi 4.0

C. florida

Crataegus sp.

Diospyros vir~iniana


F. pennsylvanics /~.0


Hamamelis vernalis

Juglans nigra


Nyssa sylvatica var. 8.Ocaroliniana

Quercus prinoidesvat. ao~minat a

Q. rubra 19.O

Rhamnus caroliniana

Staphylea trifo!ia

Ulmus rubra

Viburnum prunifolium 4.0

oh~ubs and Vines

% Composition Abundance Classof Basal’ Area of"Saplings

2

8.3 2

0.8 #

0,,8 -

2.1 2

0.8 4

2

2

5.8 ~

5.1 22

2

-

2

-

-

2

2

2

12.6

0.2


Dirca palustris

Rhus radicans

Amorpha fr~ticosa


55

168.

coN’

Shrubs and Vines

Rhus aromatica

Smilax bona-nox

Vitis aestivalis

Physocarpus opu~ifolius


Herbaceous Species

Cunila origanoides

Antenaria plantiginifolia


Aster ~_inariifolius

A. patens

A. sp.

Chenopodi~m gi~antospermum



Dioscorea villosa

Galium arkansanum

G. purpureum

Geum canadensis

Gillenia stioulata

Hepatica acutiloba

Heuchera

Houstonia nigricans

Huhlenbergia frondosa

Pellaea glabella

Polymnia canadensis

Poiystichum scrostichoides

Prunella vulg~ris

Rudbeckia triloba

Senecio aureus

Solidago arguta

Uniola latifolia


5

169 ¯

Herbaceous Species

Viola striata

Bromus purgans

Campanula americana

Danthonia spicata

Euohorbia corollata

Geranium maculatu~

Hystrix patuia

Leersia virginica

Monarda russeliana


Plantago rugelli

Pycnanthemum vir~inianum

Silphium astericus

S. terebinthinaceum

Smilacina racemosa


Veratrum woodii

Andropo~on scoparius

Anemone virginianum

Asolenium rhizophyllum


Eupatorium rugosum

Symeria macrophylla

Andropogon gerardi

Scutellaria incana

Bry~ph.ytes and Lichens

Grimmia apocarpa

Mnittm cuspidatum

Taxiphyllum deplanatum

Substrate

Rocks

Soil

Rocks


33

3333

33

2

Abundance Class

5

170.

they represent 81.6% of the composition of basal area and

have a relative density of 93%. Carya texana and a single

large (d.b.h.=15 in.) tree of Pinus echinata make up the rest of

the dominant trees. Understory shrubs and herbs are sparce

probably due to the effect of shade and dense leaf litter.

For a list of the species present at this station, see

Table 47.

Station 20, Sites 1-4. (13 September, 1969)

Map 19. (NE % Sect. 27, T. ~i2 N., R 7 W.)

Station 20 is located on a rich north-facing slope along

the spring branch of Nontauk Springs in Nontauk State park.

Although this area is not within the Scenic Riverways, it was

chosen for study because of its representative nature and its

accessibility.

This slope rises rather abruptly from the edge of the spring

branch and is quite rocky due to the exposure of many fairly large

boulders of cherty dolomite (Gasconade Formation). The rise of

this slope is steep (ca. 45~) for the first 200 feet of altitude.

Above this point it gradually levels off, finally reaching an

altitude of about 290 feet above the spring branch.

Site i (50 x iO0 feet) extends along the edge of the spring

branch where the soil is sandy, circumneutral (pH 6.8-7.3),

and interrupted by numerous large boulders of dolomite. The

tree canopy, composed primarily of Quercus rubra, is open, with

40 to 50% of the sky obscured by leaves and branches. Other

tree associates include Fraxinus americana, Quercus prinoides

vat. acuminat~., and Tilia americana vat. americana. Saplings of

Acer saccharum, and the small tree species, Comus florida and

Lindera benzoin, are the leading understory associates. The

most common understory shrubs and vines are Euonymus obovatus,

Hydrangea arborescens, Parthenocissus ~uinquefolia, and Rhus

radicans. The herbaceous flora is rich with many of the

species confined to the wet, open areas near the edge of the

spring branch, for example, ~quisetum arvense, Veronica comosa,

171.

TABLE 47

Floristic Composition of Station 19, Site I. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 43. Total basal area of alltrees = 2634.5 sq. in.

Trees RelativeDensit~

Carya texana 5.0

C. tomentosa

Comus florida

Nyssa sylvatica var.carolinians

Pinus echinata 2.0

Quercus alba 19.0

Q. rubra 16.0

Q. stellata 2.0

Q. velutina 56.0

Sassafras albidum

% Comoositionof Ba~al Area

12.7

6.?16.1

2o.3

4O.6

Abundance Classof Sapl’ings

2

3

2


Rosa setigera

Vaccinium vaci!lans

Vitis aestivalis

4

4

4

Herbaceous S~oecies

Desmodium nudi£1orum

Smilacina racemosa

Bryophytes and Lic~e~n.s

Atrichum angustatum

Thelia asprella

Substrate

Soil

Soi!

Abundance Class

4

4

173.

Bidens ~ernua, ~. pol.vl~i~ Impatiens pallida, Gerardia tenui~olia,

Lobelia siphilitica, Scipus heterochaetus, Bidens connat~and

Leersia oryzoides. Other species, such as Solidago flexicaulis,

Aster sagittifp~ius, Adiantum pedatum, and Eupatorium ru~osum,

are more common in shaded areas some distance above the spring

branch. Most of the bryophytes are abundant on the shaded soil,

rocks, and trees, with one species, Trichocolea tomentella, abun-

dant on soil among the herbaceous plants and rocks at the edge

of the branch. For a list of the species present in Site i, see

Table 48.

Site 2 (150 x I00 x i00 x I00 feet) is situated near the

upper part of the lower steep slope, about I00 feet above the

spring branch. The soil is very rocky, interrupted by numerous

large boulders, covered with a moderately thick layer of leaf

mold, and acid (pH 5.3-5.5). The tree canopy is relatively

closed with 60 to 70% of the sky obscured by leaves and branches.

Although Quercus rubra is still the dominant tree, as in site i,

other measurable trees include ~uercu__~s v.elu~ina, Tilia americana,

and Ulmus rubra. The understory is dense and composed of Asimina

triloba, Caroinus carpliniana, Cercis canadensis, Lindera benzoin,

Ostrya virginiana, Staphylea trifolia, and numerous saplings of

Acer saccharum. While the herbaceous flora is not as diverse as

that of the lower part of the slope, the shaded rocky soil is

conducive to a ittxuriant growth of the ferns Adiantum pedatum and

Folystichum acrostichoide~, and the mosses Anomodon attenuatus,

Bryoandersonia illecebra, Anomodon rostratus, Fissidens cristatus,

and Thuidium delicatulum. Of special interest is the occurrence

in this site of the uncommon terrestrial orchid, Orchis specta-

bilis. For a list of the species present in Site 2, see Table 49.

Site 3 (i00 x I00 feet) is situated near the summit of the

hill where the slope is gentle (ca. 20-30~) and the acid (pH 5.~-

5.7), rocky soil is covered by a moderately heavy leaf mold. The

canopy is relatively closed with 60-70% of the sky obscured by

leaves and branches of the dominant trees ~uercus alb____~a, ~. rubra,

and Pinus echinata. The understory of woody species is diverse and

TABLE


Trees Relative % Composition~e~sity of Basal Area

Acer nigrum

A. saccharum

Alnus serrulata

Asimina triloba


Comus florida 13.0

Corylus americana


F. quadrangu!ata

Juglans nigra

Lindera benzoin

0strya virginiana 4.0

Ptelia trifoliata

Quercus prinoides I0.0vat. acuminata

Q. rubra 30.0

Sassafras albidum

Staphylea trifolia

Tilia americana var. 26.0americana

Ulmus rubra

11.8

i.I

11.8

Shrubs and Vines Estimate of.... Abundance


2

2

2

1

1

2

i

2

2

Euonymus obovatus

Hydrangea arborescens var.arborescens


Rhus radicans

Aralia racemosa

Ribes missouriense

-75.

TABLE 48 (CON’T)

Shrubs and Vines

Smilax~tmnoides var. hispida

Vitis aestivalis

Herbaceous Species

Elymus virginicus

Adiantum pedatum

Agrostis perennans


Aster !ateriflorus

A. sagittifolius

Bidens connata

B. polylepis

B. frondosa var. frondosa


Equisetum arvense

Eupatorium ru~osum

Hepatica acutiloba

Leersia virginica

Lobelia siphilitica


Polymnia canadensis

Prunella vul~aris

Smilicina racemosa

Solidago flexicaulis

Uniola latifolia

Verbesina alternifolia

Veronica comosa


Bidens cernua


G!yceria striata

Impatiens pallida

Leersia oryzoides


2

2

176 ¯

48 (CON’

Herbaceous S~eci,es Estimate ofAbunda~nce

Prunella vulgaris

Rudbeckia triloba

Scirpus heterochaetus

Campanula americana

Nuhlenbergi a frondosa

Polygonum biflorum

Prenanthes altissima vat.cinnamomea


Gerardia tenuifolia

2

2

2

Ii

Bryo~ytes and Lichens

Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus



Trichocolea tomentella



Forsstroemia trichomitria

Mnium cuspidatum

Porella platyphylla


Vertical rocksand tree bases

Vertical rocks

Soil

Soil

Edge of river

Soil

Soil

Dogwood

Soil

Base of treesand shrubs

4

4

4

4

177.

TABLE

Floristic Composition of Station 20, Site 2.number of measurable trees = 28.trees = 1132.1 sq. in.


Acer saccharum 4.0

Asimina triloba 7.0


Cercis canadensis ii.0

Cornus florida


Fraxinus americana

F. quadrangulata II.0


Lindera benzoin

Ostrya virginiana


Q. rubra 32.0

Q. velutina 7.0

Staphylea trifolia

Tilia americana Ii.0

Ulmus rubra ii.0

Viburntum prunifolium

Shrubs and Vines



1.7 4

2.2 2

2

2

33.3 2

2

2.8 2

51.7 1

9.4 -

17.5 2

7.9 2

2



Euonymus obovatus


Vitis vulpina

Aralia racemosa

2

2

I

Herbaceous Species

Adiantum pedatum

Blephilia ciliata

178.


Hepatica acutiloba

Polymnia canadensis



Asarum canadensis

Aster anomalis f. anomalis

Geum canadensis


Thaspium barbinoide

Orchis spectabilis

Bryophytes

Anomodon attenuatus


Anomodon rostratus

Fissidens cristatus


Atrichum angustatum

Entodon cladorhizans

Hypnum lindbergii

Lopholcolea heterophylla

Substrate

Rock-soil-trees

Soi!

Rock-soil-trees

Soil

Soil and rocks

Soil

Dolomite

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

4

4

3

Abundance Class

55

4

4

includes not only ntunerous saplings of the dominants (except pine),

but also such smaller trees as Amelanchier arborea, Comus florida,

Euonymus atropur~ureus, Juniperus vir~ini~na, Lindera benzoin,

Ulmus alata, and Sassafras albidum. ~ile the vine Parthenocissus

quinauefolia is abundant, another, Rhus radicans, is conspicuous

by its absence. Although the herbaceous flora is sparce, it does

contain several notable taxa, such as the terrestrial orchids

C,ypripedium calceolus and Orchis spectabilis, as well as the

saprophyte ~onotropa uniflora. The bryophytes present are

characteristic of wooded uplands with acid soil. Special mention

should be made of an unusually large tree of ~iosp.yros virginiang,

d.b.h. 22% inches, located just outside the site sample area. For

a list of the species present in Site 3, see Table 50.

Site 4 is located on the ridge (elevation 1160 feet), where

few surface exposures of dolomite are present and the soil is poor

and acid (pH 6.0). Although measurable tree species are present,

they are generally young and infrequent; however, saplings are

abundant, particularly the species Acer saccharum, Carya

tomen~osa, Pinus e~hinata, and Quercus alba. Judging from the

diversity of the woody flora of this site, it appears to be an

area that was clear-cut and used for grazing until recently.

Furthermore, the abundance of the grass, Dant~onia spicata,

suggests the possibility of frequent burning. The openness

(canopy ~0-60~) of this site has permitted the growth of a large

number of herbs including a number of characteristic prairie

species, such as Andropogon scoparius, Polygala incarnata,

Rudbeckia hirta, Erigeron canadensis, and Pycnanthemum pilosum.

Bryophytes are not numerous, although at least one species,

Thelia hirtella, is very abundant on open soil. For a list of

the species present in Site 4, see Table 51.

Station 21, Site 1-3. (13 September, 1969)

~dap 20. (Sect. 25, T. 23 N., R.7W.)

Station 21 is composed of three sites located on a wooded,

west-facing slope that rises at a relatively uniform rate (20-30~)

TABLE 50

180.

Floristic Composition of Station 20, Site 3. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 30. Total basal area~of alltrees = 1876 sq. in.


Acer nigrum 3.0

A. rubrum

A. saccharum ......

Amelanchier arborea

Carya tomentosa

Comus florida 7.0

Euonymus atropurpureus



Lindera benzoin

Ostrya virginiana 3.0

Pinus echinata 20.0


Quercus alba 33.0

Q. rubra lO.O

Q. velutina lO.O

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus alata

U. rubra 7.0

Shrubs and Vines


3.4 2

2

2.2 3

2

~2

2

0.615.5 -

0.6 1

~.I.8 -21.5 2

9.6 -2

21.3 2



Vitis aestivalis

Vaccinium vacillans

Herbaceous Species

Adiantum pedatum


Blephilia ciliata

Cypripedium calceolus

Ga!ium circaezans var.hypoma!acum

50 (co ’

Herbaceous Species

Hepatica nobilis var. acuta




Cunila origanoides

Solidago ulmifolia

Nonotropa uniflora

Orchis spectabilis

Bryophytes Substrate

Anomodon rostratus

Entodon seductrix

Hedwigia ciliata


Atrichum angustattmm


Campylium hispidu!um

Dicranella heteromolla

Homomallium adnatum

Polytrichum ohioensis

Entodon cladorhizans

Fissidens cristatus

Rocks

Dolomite

Dolomite

Rock andsoil

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

Dolomite

Soil

Rocks

Soil


32

2

2

2

I

I

Abundance Class

2

2

181.

182.

Floristic Composition of Station 20, Site 4.number, of measurable trees = 18.trees = 417.4 sq. in.

Trees RelativeDensiJty

Acer s accharum


C. tomentosa ~


Comus florida

Diospyros virginiana ll.O

Fraxinus americana ll.0

Juglans nigra ll.O


Pinus echinata 6.0

Prunus americana

Quercus alba 22.0

Q. rubra 6.0

Q. velutina 6.0

Rhamnus caroliniana

Rhus copallina

Shrubs and Vines



5-

0.7 -

6.0 -

12.2 3

22.0 -

2O.O 3

6.8 4

2

19.6 5

6.8 -

3.0 32



Rubus sp.


Rhus aromatica

R. radicans

Herbaceous Species


Danthonia spicata

Panicum dichotomum

Agrimonia pubescens

3

2

2

555

~AB~ 51 (CON’S)

tterbaceous Species

Ascyrum hypericoides


Carex sp.

Cassia nictitans

Cuphaea petiolaris

Erigeron canadensis

Panicum sp.

Polygala incarnata


Rudbeckia hirta

Sorghum halpense

Achillea millefoliu~

Asarum canadensis

Aster patens

Eragrostis capillaris



Helianthus hirsutus var.trachyllus

Lechea villosa

Lobelia inflata

Nonarda russeliana

Tridens flavus

Aster lateriflorus

Elephantopus caro!inianus

Eupatorium rugosum

Galium obtusum

Penstemon digitalis

Polygonum scandens

Bryophytes

Thelia hirtella


Leucobryum glaucum

Substrate

Rocks

Soil

Soil


3

3

33

1

1

1

1

1

Abundance Class

5

3

183 ¯

185.

to approximately 250 feet above the Current. River. The soil is

rocky throughout, and exposures of a cherty dolomite (Gasconade

Formation) are common.

Site i (i00 x i00 feet) is located on the ridge at an

altitude of ca. llO0 feet. The soil is very rocky, covered

by a thin layer of leaves, and acid (pH 5.0-5.3). The forest

present here is representative of one of the more common varia-

tions of the oak-pine association in the Ozarks. Dominance is

shared by Quercus alba, ~. stellata, ~. velutina, Carya tomentosa,

C. texana, and Pinus echinata. Together, they form a fairly closed

canopy with 60 to. 80% of the sky obscured by leaves and limbs.

Saplings and seedlings of the oaks (except ~uercus stellata and

~. marilandica) and hickories are abundant, but no pine saplings

or seedlings are present. Therefore, if pine fails to reproduce

itself and if the forest is left undisturbed, it will probably

become a typical oak-hickory association. Although considered

intolerant to shade, the occurrence of a few saplings of Quercus

stellata and ~. marilandica is probably a consequence of an

incompletely closed canopy. The relatively few herbs and

bryophytes present is typical of forest sites such as this one.

For a list of the species present, see Table 52.

Site 2 (lO0 x 100 feet) is situated in a hardwood-pine

forest on the upper slope from approximately 1040 to 1080 feet.

The soil is rocky and acid (pH 4.2). Sixty to seventy percent

of the sky is obscured by the crowns of the dominant trees,

Carya tomentosa, Pinus echinata, Quercus alba, and Q. velutina.

The understory is composed chiefly of small trees of Amelanchier

arborea, Comus ~lorida, Sassafras albidum, and Vaccinium

arboreum. Both the vine Parthenocissus quinquefolia and the

shrub Rhus aromatica are abundant. Judging from the presence

of small saplings of the dominant trees, it appears that this

forest has reached a climax, consisting of an oak-pine association

(sensu Steyermark, 1940). The sparcity of herbs and bryophytes is

typical of acid forest sites like this one. For a list of the

species present, see Table 53.

TABLE 52

Floristic Composition of Station 21, Site I. Totalntunber of measurable trees = 39. Total basal area of alltrees : 1461 sq. in.


Amelanchier arborea

Carya texana 3.0

C. tomentosa 5.0

florluaCornus "~

Fraxinus americana ~.0

Nyssa sy!vatica vat.caroliniana

Pinus echinata ~.0

"~ ..... us alba 21.0

~ marilsndica

.Q. rubra 8.0

Q. stellata I0.0

Q. velutina ~4.0

Sassafras albidum

Vaccinimn arboreum

Viburnum ~runifolium

V. rufidulum

~hrubo and. Vines

~",.~ Compositionof Basal Area

2.6

Abundance Classof Sapl ings

2

2

2

?.3II. 4

9.7


2

2

2



Vitis aes~iva].is

Rhus aromatica

R. copal!ina

R. glabra


Rubus so.

2

2

2

I

187 ¯



Aster patens

A. linariifolium


Cunila origanoides

Galium pilosum

Nonarda russeliana

Nuhlenbergia sobolifera

Aster anomolus

Baptisia leucophaea

Getun canadense

Solidago buckleyi

S. rugosa

Coreopsis palmata

Galium arkansanum

Parthenium hispidulum

Ruellia strepens


Bryophytes and Lichens Substrate

Hedwigia ciliata

Thelia asprella

Atrichum angustattun

Entodon seductrix

Tortella humilis

Dolomite

Base of trees

Soil

Logs

Logs andsoil

2

2

I

i

i

Abundance Class

188.

TABLE 53


Trees RelativeDen’si£y

Amelanchier arborea

Carya tomentosa 13.0

Comus florida





Pinus echinata 30.0

Quercus alba I0.0

Q. rubra

Q. velutina 47.0

Sassafras albidum

Vaccinium arboreum

Shrubs and Vines

C.ompo.s it ionBasal A~’e’a

I0.i

18.722.0

51.7

Abundance Classo~. Saplings

2

2

1

2


2

Parthenocissus quinque folia

Rhus aromatica

R. radicans

Herbaceous Specie~

Aster patens


Coreopsis palmata

Monarda russeliana


Baptisia leucophaea

Parthenium hispidulum

Desmodium sp.

2

4

4

4

4

189.

Bryoph[tes and Lichens


Hedwigia ciliata

Tortella humilis

Atrichum angust atum

Grimmia pilifera

Frullania squarrosa

Substrate

Soil

Rocks

Decaying wood

Soil

Rocks

Dolomite

Abundance Class

190.

TABLE 54



Acer saccharum 3.0

Carya cordiformis

C. texana

Celtis tenuifolia

Cornus florida



F. quadrano~ulata 3.0

Juglans cinerea

Juniperus virginians 37.0


Pinus echinata 8.0

Prunus cerasus

Quercus alba


Q. rubra 13.0

Q. velutina 5.0

Rhamnus caroliniana

Ulmus rubra ~.0

Vaccinium srbore~m


Shrubs and Vines


3.60

0.580 ~

35.3o

13.7o

2a.90

Abundance Classor Sa~n~s

i

2

2

2

2

0.58


Cmmnsis radicans



Rhus aromatica

191.

Shrubs and Vines

Smilax bona-nox

Rhus ~labra

Herbaceous Soecies

Aster patens

A. linariifolius

Coreopsis palmata

Cunila origanoides


Ga!ium circaezans

Geum canadense

Houstonia nigricans

Lobeiia siphi]itica

Panicum sp.

Parthenium hisoidulum

Polymnia canadensis

Rudbeckia hirta


~tnemone virginiana


Bromus I)urgans

Elymus vir~inicus

Eupatorium rugosum

Heliopsis he].ianthoides

Leersia virginica

Muhlenbergia

Panicum boscii


Solidago buck!eyi

S. hemoralis

Campanula americana


4

4

4

4



D. scoparium

~huidium recognitum

Eurhymchium hians

Substrate

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocks

Abundance Class

192.

Site 5 (i00 x I00 feet) is located near the base of the

slope and its lo~Jer boundary is about 20 to 25 feet above the

river. The soil is neutral (pH 7.0) and the forest canopy

composed largely of Juniperus vir~iniana, Pinus echinata,

~uercus prinoides var. acuminata_, and ~. rubra, obscures only

about 40 to 60~:~ of the sky. Though not forming a significant

part of the canopy at this time, the presence of a few small

trees of Acer ssccharum, ~uercus alba, Carla sDp. and Fraxinus

spp. is suggestive of a successional trend that should eventually

produce an ecotonal-type forest that often exists between an

upland sugar maple-white oak association and a bottom land

sugar maple-bitternut hickory association. Understory trees

are common and include Celti.s tenuifolia, Comus florida~

Frunus ceratu~, Rhm~nus carolinians, and Vaccini~ arbores.

The vines Camosis radicans, Parthenocissus ~uinquefolia, ~d

ammlax bona-nox are abundant In ooen areas the herbaceous

flora is represented by many species that are characteristic

of glades, for example, Aster lina.riifoli~, Coreopsis palmata,

Houstonia ~an~, Rudbeckia birth, Ascleoias verticillata,

Sil~hi~ ;-~ .... ~ ~,,~ ~ ~ .... ~ .~ :~:~m~ ~{eiiopsis helianthoide~, and~Ncnanthem~ pilos~. For a list of the species present in

Site 5, see Table 5~4.

Station 22 (15 September, 1969)

Hap 21. (Sect. 56, T. 2~ N., 19. 7 W.)

Station 22 is located on the north bank of the Current

River at a point where it turns abruptly to the east and back

to the north, thus partially enclosing a U-shaped land area.

Because this ares is io~ (only)~ to 2 feet above the river),

it is subject to the aggrading influences of frequent flooding.

Near the edge of the river, just before it turns abruptly, a

low, wet gravel bar is present.

The iro~riant flora is predominantly herbaceous and weedy

in nature. The only woody species present are the small trees

Sambucus canadensis and Salix niE=r_a.. }~ost of the taxa are more

abundant on the drier sandy areas, although a few are restricted

or best developed on the low, wet ~ravel bar. Species in this

latter category include Veronica £o_~os~a, C~erus strigosus,

Eupatorium perfoliattun, Leonurus cardiaca, Perilla frutescens ~

Artemisia annua, Bidens discoi~ea, P~olygonum hydropiper, Bidens

cernua vat. cernua, and ~. polylep~ var. Dolylepis. For a list

of the diverse flora at this station, see Table 55.


Nap 21. (Sect. ~6, T. 2} N., R. 9

Station 2} encompasses a small north-facing, dolomitic

bluff (10-12 feet high) and steep (ca. 45~), rocky slope just

across the river from Station 22. The soil is rocky and,

judging from data at other similar sites, probably acid (no

sample taken). A samDle area of definite size was not estab-

lished, but rather a reconnaissance of the bluff and steep lower

slope was conducted and all measurable trees tabulated. While

there are quite a ntumber of different tree species present, the

canopy is rel~tively open (about 60~ of the sky obscured byleaves and branches), and largely dominated by Acer saccharum,

Quercus spp., Fraxinus ~sp_~_., and Tilia americana. The under-

story is composed chiefly of saplings of the crown dominants

and smaller trees such as Cornus florida, Juniperus virginiana,

Lindera benzoin, Ostrya virginiana, Staphylea trifolia, and

Viburnum prunifolium. Shrubs like H_~_d~.r__ange___~a arborescens and

vines such as ~uonymus obovatus, Hhus radicans, and Partheno-

cissus quinquefolia are common understory associates. A diverse

herbaceous flora exists here because of the range of habitats

present, such as rocky areas along the base of the bluff and

at the edge of the river, vertical bluffs with rock ledges, and

areas of rocky shaded soil. ~ " opec~es common on the bluffs and

rocks near the river include the herbs Lycopus rubellus var.

arkansanus, Bidens connata, Boehmeria cylindrica, Leersia

virginica, Prunella ~ulgaris, and the bryophytes Anomodon

attenuatus and Conocephalum conicum. On the vertical bluff

and rock ledges, the herbaceous species Asplenium rhizophyllum,

Aquilegia canadensis, Pellaea atropurpurea, and Cystopteris

bulbifera are abundant. The bryophytes Gymnostomum aeruginosum,

196.

TABLE 55

Plants of Station 22

Taxa

Ambrosia artemisiifolia

A. trifida

Aster dumosus var. strictior

A. ptarmicoides

Bidens cernua var. cernua

B. po!ylepis vat. poly!epis

Cenchrus longispinus

Cyp£rus refractus

Digitaris ischaem~

El~@us virginicus

IIelianthus oetiolsris

Impatiens capensis

Leersia ory:~)oide s

Hirabiiis nyctsginea

0enothera biennis

Pilea pumila

Planta6o major

Piatanus occidenta!is

Poly6onum hydropiper

P. pensylvanicum

P. scandens

R. vir~inianm~

Rudbeckia triloba

Salix ni~ra

oamoucus cana.dens~.s

Saponaria oSficinalis

Setaria viridis

Silphi~m oerfoliatum

Abundance Class

197.

T~a

Solidago altissima

Tridens flavus

Verbesina a!ternifolia

V. virginica

Veronica comosa

Bidens conata var. petiolata

.Campanula americana


Cyperus strigosus

Echinocloa muricata

Eupatorium coelistinum

E. rugosum

E. serotinum

Festuca arundinacea

Gaura biennis

Helenium autumnale var.parviflorum

Leonurus cardacea

Muhlenbergia frondosa

Perilla frutescens

Plantago lanceolata

Rumex obtusifolius

Verbena urticifolia

Xanthium pensylvanicum

Artemisia annua

Croton glandulosus var.septentrionalis


Abundance Class

3

33

3

333

3

22

2

198.

Anomodon rost~atus, Cololejeunea biddlecomia__e, Radula andiooSa,

and Br_~y_hnia Eraminicolor are also common in the bluff area. Taxa

abundant on the rocky soil of the lower slope include the her-

baceous species Adiant~n pedatum_, Anemone vir~iniana, Aster

drummondii, ~atica nobilis vat. acuta, Smilacina racemosa,

Pedicularis canadensis, ~olysti_ch._um__ acrostichoides; as well as

the mosses Bartramia pomiformis, Aulacomnium heterostichum, and

Thuidium delicatulum. ~’or a list of the species present at this

Station, see Table 56.

Just west of this station is a river-bottom forest,

surrounding a small pond, where the rare floating aquatic,

Spi~.o~el__ap_0~hi_~z~~ is abundant. In the wet area around this

pond, the herbs Elephantopsis caroliniana, Impatiens capensis,

Ei.7-mus virg.inicus, and Lobelia si___~obilitica form a dense under-

growth upon which the parasitic plant, Cuscuta compacta, is

profusely ~rowing.

Station 24, Sites 1-5 (l~ September, 1969)

~ect. ~i, , .Hap 22. (S~ ~4 ~ T. 52 N. R 6 ~.)

Station 24 includes a variety of habitats and includes

an old gravelbar-river bottom area (site 5); a pine-hardwood

forest in a relatively low (for pine) area (site ~); a steep

south-east-facing, rocky glade (sites I and 2); and oak-pine

ridge (site 3). The rocks e~posed at this station are predomi-

nantly a cherty dolomite of the Gasconade formation.

The lower boundary of site i (i00 x i00 feet), at an

altitude of 900 feet, e~tends along the upper edge of a steep bluff

that rises about ~0 feet above the river bottom. The upper boun-

dary of this site is some 80 feet higher indicating a rather

steep slope, ca. 50°. The heavily eroded soil is thin, very

rocky, and alkaline (ph ~.5-~.~). Here, trees are widely

scattered, (canopy lO~) resulting in what is known as a "cedar

~lade", because of the conspicuous presence of red cedar,

Juniperus vir~iniana. The hardwood species, ~uercus prinoides var.

acuminata, Bumelia lanugiDosa, Celtis ~.aeyi~a>a, Fraxinus

199.

TABLE 56

Floristic Composition of Station 27.measurable trees = 28.1483 sq. in.

Total number ofTotal basal area of all trees =

Trees RelativeDens ity

Acer rubrum 3.6

A. saccharum 25.0

Amelanchier arborea


Carya cordiformis

C. tomentosa ~.6

Comus florida


Fraxinus americana

F. quadrangulata 3.6

F. pennsy!vanica ~.6


Lindera benzoin


Ostrya virginisna

Quercus alba 7.1


Q. rubra 7.1

Q. velutina 7.1

Staphylea trifolia



Shrubs and Vines

% Compositiono’f Basal Area

i.I

24.4

i.i


5

15.3

6.6

26.2


Euonymus obovatus


Parthenocissus quinquefo!ia

Rhus radicans

Smilax bona-nox

200.

Herbaceous Species Estimate ofAbundanhe

Adiantum pedatum

Anemone virginiana



Aster drummondii


Bro~us purgans


Hepatics acutiloba

Lobelia siphilitica

Lycopus rubellus var.arkansanus


Smilacina racemosa

Bidens connata

Boehmeria cy]indrica

Elymus virginicus

Eupatorium rugosu~

Hystrix patula

Impatiens capensis

Leersia virginica

Muhlenbergia sp.

~edicularis canadensis


Prunel~a vulgaris

Solidago hispida var. hispida

Bryophytes

Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus


Gymnostomum aeruginosum

Radula andico!a

Substrate

Rocks

Rocks

Vertical rocks,edge of river

Vertical rocks

Rocky soil

33333333

Abundance Class

Bryophytes


Aulacom~ium heterostichum


Bryhnia graminicolor

Cololejeunea biddlecomiae

Substrate

Rocks

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Shaded verticalrocks

Vertical rocks

Abundance Class

201.

202.

Nap 22. Station 2~, Sites I - 5.

203.

americana, Ostry~ virgini9na, Q~ercus rubra, Ulmus soD. Rhamnus

caroliniana., Viburnum rufidulum and saplings of Acer saccharum

are common tree species associates v~ich have invaded this glade

and which should eventually result in the establishment of a

sugar maple-white oak climax (sensu Steyermark, 1940), Shrubs

and vines are abundant, and the abundance of H~r.angea arbore-

sc.en.s, Rhus aromatica, and Smilax bona-nox are considered

characteristic of "cedar glade" associations. The herbaceous

flora is diverse at this time of year, and includes a large

component of prairie species such as Andropo.gon 5erardi, ~.

scooarius, Bouteloua curtipendula, Rudbeckia hirta, Silphium tere~-

binthinaceum, Liatris ~, Physostegia virsiniana, and Aster

ptarmicoides. Surface rocks are frequently covered by growth of

the moss Grimmia aoocarpa. On tree trunks other mosses, par-

ticularly Drummondia ororepens and Leucodon julaceus, are abundant.

For species in this site i, see Table 57.

Site 2 (i00 x i00 feet) is situated about midway up the

slope from an altitude of approximately 1020 to 1080 feet.

The angle is still steep (about 50°), and the soil at this level

is eroded, thin, rocky, and acid (pH 5.9-6.0). As in site i,

trees are widely scattered (canopy 10%), but Juniperus virginiana

is of less importance here. Hard~oods characteristic of acid,

upland forest sites like ~uercus rubra, ~. stellata, and ~

texana are present, along with Quercus prinoides vat. acuminata,

a species more characteristic of alkaline sites. Small trees

are abundant, particularly the species Cercis canadensis,

Diosoyros virginiana, Ulmus alata, and Viburnum rufidulum. As

in site i, the shrub Rhus aromatica and the vine Smilax bona-nox

continue to be abundant, although now here Hydrangea arborescens

is missing. The herbaceous flora is similar to that of site I,

although the relative abundance of a few taxa has changed.

For example, ~ altissimum, Houstonia nigricans are

very abundant at this site, but only abundant in site l.~C~onver-

sely Bouteloua curtipendula~ AndroD~_y~gera~di, ~phorbia

corollata, and Rudbeckia hirta are only abundant here, while they

are very abundant On the lo~ver slope. Bryophytes are also similar

204.

Floristic Composition of Station 24, Site I.number of measurable trees = 31.trees = llO1 sq. in.


Aoer saccharum


Celtis laevigata

Cercis canadensis

Comus florida


F. quadrangulata


Ostrya virginiana

Prunus sp.


Q. rubra 7.0

Rhamnus caroliniana

Ulmus alata

U. rubra

Viburnum rufidulum

Shrubs and Vines


% Compositionof Basal’Area

Abundance Classo’f Sapl’~ngs

~.6

l.i

57.2

3o.o

7.1


8.

2

1

3


Rhus aromatica

Smilax bona-nox

Vitis aestivalis

Herbaceous Soecies

Andropogon gerardi


Euphorbia corollata var.corollata

Rudbeckia hirta

5

555

5

205.

TABLE 57 (CON’ T)

IIerbaceous Species


Andropogon scoparius

Anemone virginiana

Aster ptarmicoides

Coreopsis palmata

Elymus virginicus

Eupatorium altissimum

Heliopsis helianthoides var.occidentalis

Houstonia nigricans

Lespedeza sp.


Nonarda russeliana

Fanicum boscii

P. virgatum


Solidago hispida

S. ulmifolia

Allium stellatum

Bromus purgans

Cassia fasciculata


Galium sp.

Liatris aspera


Physostegia virginiana

Passiflora lutea

Petalostemon sp.

Sorghastrum nutans


5

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

#

4

4

TAB~ 5? (CON’T)

206.

Bryophytes

Grimmia apocarpa



Leucodon julaceus


Rocks 5

Tree bases ~

Trunks of trees ~

Tree trunks 4

207 ¯

to site i, except that here Leucodon julaceus and Hedwigia

ciliata occur abundantly with Grimmia apocarPa on exposed rocks,

v~hereas in the former site only Grimmia apocarpa was abundant.

For the species present in site 2, see Table 58.

Site 3 is located on the narrow ridge at an elevation of

about ll©O feet. No specific sample size was made, but a

tree count was conducted and abundance of other plants estimated.

The soil is rocky and probably acid (pH sample lost) judging

from data obtained at similar sites. The tree canopy is

variable, ranging from ~0 to 80% of the sky obscured by leaves

and branches of a hardwood-pineforest, ar~c~mpos~d mainly of Pinus

echinata and .~uercus a!Ba. Small tree associates include

Amelanchier arborea, Cercis canadensis, Sassafras albidum, Ulmus

alata, and Cornus f__Iprid~. In addition, the shrubs Vaccinium

stamineum and Rhus copallina are abundant, with the former

found throughout the area and the latter restricted only to

open areas. Herbaceous plants and bryophytes are abundant,

particularly in open areas~ but represented by relatively few

species. For the species present in site 3, see Table 59.

Site 4 is located on a gentle slope (ca. 20°) at an alti-

tude of approximately 970 feet and is traversed by several

gullies. A site of definite size was not established, but a

tabulation of the trees and an estimate of abundance for other

plants was made. The soil is light, rocky, covered v~ith a thick

layer of pine needles and probably acid (pH sample lost). About

40 to 50% of the sky is obscured by a canopy dominated by

Pinus echinata. In fact, some of the largest pines encountered

in this survey are present here, ~ith several over 18 inches d.b.h.

Associated ~ith pine in order of importance are Quercus alba,

Platanus occidenta!is, Quercus velutina, and Nyssa sylvatica

vat. caroliniana. Saplings of the dominants (except Platanus

occidentalis), as well as Acer rubrum, C__a.r_y_~ texan~, and ~.

tomentosa are abundant. In addition, Vaccinium arboreum, Cornus

florida, and Sassafras albidum are the leading understory trees.

The herbaceous flora is sparce, no doubt due to the heavy layer

of pine needles. For a list of the species present in site 4,

see Table 60.

208.

TABLE 58

Floristic Composition of Station 24, Site 2.number of measurable trees = 31otrees = 820 sq. in.


Bumelia lanuginosa

Carya texana 7.0

C. tomentosa

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida

Crataegus sp.



Juniperus vir~iniana 3.0

Pinus echinata

Quercus alba


Q. rubra 45.0

Q. stellata i0.0

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus alata 3.0

Viburnum rufidulum

Shrubs s.nd Vines


% Composition Abundance Classof Basal Area of ~’aplings

~.o 32

1.5 2

3.5 ~I

2

27.1 ~


2

Rhus aromatica

Smilax bona-nox

Herbaceous Species


Houstonia nigricans

Silphi1~m terebinthinaceum

Allium stellatum

Andropogon gerardi

Boute!oua curtipendula

555

TABZS 5S (CON’

Herbaceous Specie~

Coreopsis palmata

Elymus virginicus


Euohorbia corollata

Heliopsis helianthoides

Lespedeza sp.

Liatris cylindracea


Nonarda bradburniana

Rudbeckia hirta

Solidago hispida

S. ulmifolia

Sorghastrum nutans

Anemone virginiana


Aster patens

Cassia fasciculata

Panicum virgatum


Verbena canadensis

Hatelea bald~nianaPanicum iinearifoliumE "rynglum yuccifolium

Gerardia grandiflora vat.cinerea

Potenti!la recta

Bryophytes


Grimmia apocarpa

Hedwigia ciliata

Leucodon julaceus

Substrate

Trees

Rocks

Rocks

Trees androcks


3

3

3

2

2

1

1

1

Abundance Class

209.

Tortella humilis Soil 3

210.



Amelanchier arborea

Carya texana 4.0

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida




Pinus echinata 28.0

Quercus alba 38.0

Q. prinoides vsr. 4.0acuminata

Q. marilandica 4.0

Q. rubra 14.0

Q. velutina 6.0

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus alata

Shrubs and Vines

% Composition Abundance ClassOf Basal Area of Sa~

0.9 4

2

3-

2

22.0 4

62.3 -

2.2 -

4.8

4.2

5.0


Rhus aromatica

R. copallina

Vaccinium stamineum

Herbaceous Speg,~es



Ga!ium obtusum

Lespedeza cuneata

L. hispida

Monarda russe~iana

Parthenium hispid~m

Solidago hispida

S. ulmifolia

4

4

4

4

4

4

211.


Aster patens

Campanula americana

Cunila origanoides

Desmodium rigidum

Euphorbia corollata

Baptisia leucophaea


Cladonia Soil and rocks

Dicranum scooarium Soil

Hedwigia ciliata Rocks

Ptychomitrium incurvum Rocks

Thelia asprella Rocks

Thuidium recognitum Soil

Tortella humilis Soil

332

Abundance Class

54

4

4

4

212.

TABLE 60

Floristic Composition of Station 24, Sitenumber of measursble trees = 48.trees = 6626 sq. in.


Acer rubrum

Carya texana

C. tomentosa

Cornus florida

Juglans nigra

Juniperus vir~iniana

Nyssa sylvatica var. 2.0carolinianus

Pinus echinata 60.0


Quercus alba 27.0

Q. velutina 4.0

Rhus copallina

Sassafras albidum

Vaccinium arboreum

Herbaceous Species


% Com~ositionof Bhoal Area

0.2

Abundance Classof Sa~

3

78.1

3.4

17.2

1.3


4

Aster patens

Cunila origanoides

Lespedeza sp.

Nonarda russeliana


4

4

213.

TABLE 61

Floristic Composition of Station 24, Site 5. Totalnumber of measurable trees = #7. Total basal area of alltrees = 2972.6 sq. in.


Acer saccharum 6.0

Alnus serrulata

Asimina triloba

Betula nigra 23.0

Carpinus carolinians 9.0

Fraxinus americana Ii.0



Juglans nigra


Lindera benzoin


quercus rubra 2.0

Staphyles trifolia

Tilia americana 9.0

Ulmus rubrs 19.0

Shrubs and Vines

% Comoosition Abundance Classof Ba~al Area of Saplings

1.8 32

17.8 42.5 ~

3.9 3

1.3 i

2

2

2

~7~5 57.6 1

8.3 39.3 ~




Rosa sp.

Herbaceous Soecies

Bidens connata


Polygonum pensylvanicum


Ambrosia trifida

Cuscuta compacts

4.

2

5555

214.

Herbaceous Species

Desmodium sp.

Digitaria ischaemum

Echinochloa muricata

Elymus virginicus

Equisetum hyemale var.elatum


~. perfoliatum

E. purpureum

E. rugosum

Geum canadense


Iresine rhizomatum

Panicum boscii

P. ~attingeri

Perilla frutescens

Polygonum punctatum var.confertiflorum

P. scandens


Senecio aureus

Solidago ulmifolia

Uniola latifolia

Verbena urticifolia

Verbesina virginica

Veronica crinita

Agrostis perennans

Cassia marilandica

Cinna arundinacea

Houstonia nigricans

Impatiens capensis

Nelilotus a!bus


4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

215.

Herbaceous Species

Onoclea sensibliis


Tridens flavus


Artemisia caudata

Leersia oryzoides

Panicum dichotomiflorum


Penstemon digitalis

Bryophytes Substrate

Estimate ofAbunda~e

3

Abundance Class

Leskea gracilescens Tree trunks

217.

Site 5 includes an alluvial forest area at the base of

the bluff on a heavily ~ooded, old gravel bar.. As in site 4, no

definite site sise was established, rather, a tabulation of

measurable trees ~as made and the abundance of the other plants

estimated. The canopy ranges from open around the edges of the

gravel bar, to fairly closed near the ba~e of the bluff. The

soil is sandy on the higher Darts of the bar and at the base

of the bluff, ’but gravelly elsewhere; pH ranged from 6.4 to

7.2. The dominant trees, particularly of the bar, are Platanus

occidentalis and Betula ni~ra. Other trees such as Acer sacc-

harum, ~rsximus ~mericana, ~uercus rubra, Tilia americana, and

Ulmus rubr~, ~ere more frequent on the allu~ial soil near the

base of the bluff. The herbaceous flora is extremely diverse

and contains a nu~ber’of interesting taxa. One such taxon is

the fern, Onoclea sensibili___s_, gro~.~ing near the edge of the river

(Figure I~). Bryophyte species are rare and only one species,

Leskea ~racilescens., is conspicuous on tree trunks. ~or a list of

the species present in site ~, ~e Table 61.


~lap 23. (NE)4 Sect., 23, T. 31 N., R. 6 W.)

Station 25 encompasses a co~mplex gravel bar located on the

north side of the Current River just west of Akers Ferry. Along

the edge of the river the bar is low and ~et and a small island

section has been created by a divergence of the main river

(see map 2~ and Figure 18). The remainder of the bar is higher

in elevation, uo to 2 feet above stream level, with soil that

is dry, sandy, and acid (pH 6.6 to 7.0). Near the bank side

of the bar, ~ashouts are common, exoosing dry gravel areas. The

north side of this bar is terminated by a steep, eroded bank,

5-6 feet high.

For the most part, trees are scattered, and the only species

with measurable representatives are Betula ~i~ra_~ Acer sacchari-

n__~, Dioso~ros vir~inisna, and P!atanus occidentalis. Of these,

Betula ni~a and Platanus occidentalis are the most prominent,

218.

~-~ith saplings of the latter species very abundant (Figure 19).

Typical ~ravel bar Small trees such as Hamamelis vernalis,

Salix caroliniana, Cephalanthus occidentalis, and Alnus serrulata

are abundant and tend to occur in patches on the higher parts

of the bar (Figure 20).

Herbaceous species abound at this time of year and bars

like this have been a]?tly described as "botanical trash heaps."

Ho~Jever, there does seem to be some pattern to the distribution of

many species. For example, some are more or less confined to the

lower, ~-~et areas of the bar, and include:

Bidens comosa

Bidensconnata var. petiolata

Campanula americana

Commelina diffusa

Cyperus aristatus

Cyperus rivularis

Cyperu{ strigosus

Di~itaria sanguinalis

Eragrostis frankii

Echinocloa muricata

Eleusine indica

Equisetum arvenseEup at o r ium p_u.~jl)~_um"

Fimbristylis autumnalis

Helenium autumnale

Hemicar~a micrantha

H_~ericum mutilum

Leersia oryzoides

Lobelia cardinalis

Lobelia siphilitica

~entha piperita

~uhlenbergia schreberiPentho~um sedoides

?lantago major

Perilla frutescens

~olzgonum e~,~_vani__cum~olanisia dodecandra

Scirpus americanusSetaria viridis

Veronica comosa

Others are more common on the higher and thus drier open

gravel and sandy areas (Figure 21), and include:

Acalypha gracilensvar, monococca

~mbrosia bidentata

Ambrosia trifida

Amaranthus hybridus

Aristida dichotoma

Artemisia annua

Artemisia caudata var. caudata

Aster laterifolius vat.l’~erifolius

Cassia marilandica

uphorbza maculata

Froelichia ~racilis

Helianthus tuberosus var.tuberosus

Ipomea hederacea

Isanthus brachiatus

Lesoedeza stiioulacea

~iirabil is n_y. c__~giDe a

Panicum anceos

P_hysalis heteroDhylla vat.heterophylla

TABLE 62

219.

Floristic Composition of’Station 25. Total number ofmeasurable trees = 22. Total basal area of all trees =1631 sq. in.

Trees Relative % CompositionD’ensi_~ of Basa~ Are’~

Acer saccharinum 9.0

Alnus serrulata

Asimina triloba

Betula nigra 36.0

Cephalanthusoccidentalis


Fraxinus americaua

Hamamelis vernalis

Juniperus virginiana ....


Rhus glabra

Salix caroliniana

Ulmus ruLra

3.6

Shrubs and Vines Estimate of"’Abundance

Abundance Class

Rosa carolina

Amorpha fruticosa

Herbaceous Species

Agrostis alba

Justicia americana

Eleocharis so.


Nuhlenbergia schreberi

Acalypha gracilescens var.monococca

Amaranthus hybridus


A. trifida

5

555

/-4-,

TABLE220.

Herbaceous Species

Aristida dichotoma

Aster lateriflorus

Bidens cernua vat. cernua

Campanula americana


Conobea multifida

Cyperus aristatus

C. strigosus


Diodia teres


Ellisia nyctelea

Equiset~ arvense

Eri~eron canadensis

Euphorbia dentata

E. maculata


Fimbrysty~is autumnalis

Froelichia gracilis

Geum canadense


Hemicarpa micrantha

Hypericum mutilum

Iresine rhizomatosa

!santhus brachiatus

Leersia oryzoides


Lobelia cardinalis

L. siphilitica

Mentha piperita

Mirabilis nyctaginacea

Nasturtium officinale

Estimate of~"Abundance

4

4

4

4

4.

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

TABLE

221.

Herbaceous S~ecies

0enothera biennis

Panicum dichotomi£1orum

Penthorum sedoides

Perilla frutescens


Plantago major



P. scandens


Scirpus americanus

Setaria viridis

Solanum carolinense

Sporobolus clandestinus

Tridens flavus

Veronica comosa

V. crinita

Agrostis Derennans

Artemisia caudata

Cuphaea petiolata

Cyperus rivularis

Daucus carota

Digitaria filiformis

Eragrostis frmnkii

Lespedeza violacea

Panicum anceps

P. gattingeri

Phyto!acca americana

Solidago petiolaris

S. sp.

Verbascum thapsus

Xanthium pensylvanicum

Ambrosia bidentata

Estimate of...... Abundance

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

222.

Herbaceous Species

Artemisia annua

Cassia marilandica

Commelina diffusa

Croton glandulosus var.septentrionalis

Eleusine indica

Elymus virginicus

Helenium f]exuosum

Helianthus ~ube~osus vat.tuberosus

Solanum americanum

S. nigrum

Verbena urticifolia

Chenopodium a]_bidum

l~omea hederacea

Physoste~ia vir~iniana

~stmmate of’" Abundance

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

i

I

I

224.

Chenopodium albidum

Croton ~andulosus var.~_~j~tentrionalis

~~ ~etiolata

Daucus carota

Diodia teres

E~atorium ru~osum

Eu~or~i~ denta.ta

~olygonum scandens

Saponaria officina!is

Solanum americanum

Solanum carolinense

Vernonia crinita

Xanthium chinense

One aquatic species, Nasturti~mofficinale, is abundant

in the river along the edge of the gravel bar.

For a list of the species present in Station 25, see Table 62.

Station 26, Sites l-A. (20 September~ 1969)

~ap 2#. (Sect. i#, T. ~i N., R. 6 ~.)

Station 26 is located on a uniformly steep (ca. 30~) west

facing slope of a narrow saddle ridge just north of Akers Ferry.

The soil throughout this slope is heavily eroded, thi~, very

rocky, and alkaline (pH ~.2-~.6). Surface exoosures, bluffs

(5-6 feet high), and ledges of a hard dolomite (Eminence Formation)

are common. Even though this slope extends to nearly 230 feet

above the Current River, the forest is remarkably uniform from

near the base to the summit and it appears to be developing

into one of the drier variations of a sugar maple-white oak

climax (sensu Steyermark, 1940) that is characterized by the abun-

dance of ~uercus prinoides var. acuminata.

Site I (150 x 50 feet) extends from about 920 to 950 feet

or almost to the summit of the slope. The area is covered with

a large number of small trees and a dense understory of shrubs and

vines. Though the number of trees is large, the canopy is

relatively open with only about 50~$ of the sky obscured by the

leaves and branches. $umiperus virginiana and ~uercus prinoides

vat. acuminata, are the dominant trees, occurring with other

tree associates such as Acer saccharum, Fraxinus americana, ~rcus

rubra, Ulmus rubr~, and Tilia americana. These latter trees are

characteristic of a successional stage which may eventually become

225 ¯

a mesic sugar maple-white oak climax. A rich variety of under-

story trees is present that includes Celtis tenuifolia, Cercis

canadensis, Cornus ~ond~i, Diosp~ros virginiana, Ostry~

virginiaDa, Ptelea trifoliata, and Rhamnus caroliniana, many

which were probably important constituents of an earlier success-

ional stage. Shrubs and vines are very common, particularly the

vine Smilax bona-nox and the shrub Rhus aromatica. Herbaceous

species are conspicuous at this time of the year, particularly

members of the Compositae like, Coreo~is palmata, Eupatorium

ru__~@~_~_,_!]_u~.b_eckia hirt____~a, and ~lida~o spp. Others, such as

Pella__e__a ~opurp~e_~a, ~. l~lla__, Asplenium ruta-muraria vat.

crytolepis, Heuchera americanum var. hirsuticaulis, Solidago

dr.ummond~i, and S. buckleyi are more or less restricted to the

small dolomitic bluffs and ledges. Bryophytes are also conspi-

cuous, particularly on the exposed rocks and trunks of trees.

For a list of the species present in site I, see ~able 63.

Site 2 (150 x 50 feet) extends over a vertical distance of

approximately 50 feet (850-500 feet). Like the forest in site i,

trees in this lower site are small and scattered and the canopy

is open with only about 50~ of the sky obscured by leaves and

branches. Although the trees present in this site are the same

as in site i above, the relative importance of some species is

significantly different. Here hardwoods characteristic of a

mesic climax forest, particularly Acer saccharum, [[uercus rubra

and Fra~inus americana, are greater in number and size. Further-

more, Carya app. appear to be invading the site. Understory

trees are common, with St__~h~lea trifolia the most abundant species.

Shrubs and vines form a dense understory thet is, because of two

species of Smilax, almost impenetrable. The herbaceous and

bryophytic floras are so diverse that no attempt will be made here

to describe them. Hov~ever, for a list of these taxa, as well as

the woody species present in site 2, see Table 64.

Site 3 (i00 x 50 feet) is situated at the base of the slope

just above a small bluff that rises 10-15 feet above the river.

The area included in this site rises a vertical distance of

nearly ~O feet (790-8~0 feet), and its floristic composition is

similar to the sites above. The dominant trees continue to be

226.

TABLE 6~

Floristic Composition of Station 26, Site i. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 38. Total basal area of alltrees : 1008 sq. in.

Trees Relative % Composition~’ensity of B’as~l Area

Acer saccharum p.~ ~

Bumelia langinosa 3.0

Celtis tenuifolia

Cercis canadensis

Cornus drummondi



F. quadrangulata


Nyssa sylvatica var..caroliniana

Ostrya virginiana

Ptelia trifoliata


Q. rubra 5.0

Rhamnus caroliniana


Ulmus rubra 15.O

Shrubs and Vines


4.1 2

1.9 2

2

1.3 36.9 3

19.8 ~


2

2

Smilax bona-nox

Rhus aromatica

Dioscorea sp.


Rhus radicans


Rhus glabra


Vitis aestivalis

5

3

3

2

2

2

229.

Herbaceous Species

Senecio obovatus

Anemone canadensis

Bromus purgans

Carex sp.

Coreopsis palmata

Cuphaea petiolata

Eupatorium rugosum

Galium circaezans

G. concinnum

Heuchera americana var.hirsuticaulis

Houstonia nigricans

Monarda russeliana

Pkthlenbergia sobolifera

Oxalis stricta

Parthenium hispidum

Pellaea atropurpttrea

P. glabella

Ratibida pinnata

Rudbeckia hirta

Silphium asteriscus

Solidago buckleyi

S. drummondii

S. ulmifo~ia

Triostemum perfoliatum


Aster anomolus

A. drummondii

Asp!enium ruta-muraria vat.cryptolepis


Euphorbia corollata

Hystrix patula



5

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

TABLE 63 (CO~’T)

Herbaceous Species Estimate of’Abundance

Panicum flexile

P. latifolium



Cuscuta compacta



Cirsium altissimum

Gerardia grandiflora vat.cinerea

Geum canadense

"3

3

2


Thelia hirtella

Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus

Fissidens subbasi]aris

Grimmia so.

Gymnostomumrecurvirostre

Hedwigia ciliata

Homalotheciellasubca!)illata

Leucodon julaceus

Pylaisiella selwynii

Torte!]a humilis

Leskea graciliscens


Base of trees 5

Rocks and trees 4

Rocks and tree ~bases

Rocks 4

Rocks ~

Vertical rocks 4

Rocks

Trees

Rocks and trees

Trees

Soil

Trees

228.

229.

TABLE



Acer saccharum 16.0

Amelanchier arborea

Bumelia lanuginosa

Carya cordiformis

C. texana

Celtis tenuifolia

Cercis canadensis

Comus florida



F. quadrangu!ata 2.0

Juglans nigra 2.0


Ostrya virginiana


Q. rubra ii.0

Rhamnus caroliniana

Sassafras albidum

Staphylea trifolia

Tilia americana 2.0

Ulmus rubra


Shrubs and Vines

% Composition Abundance Classof Basal Area of , Saplings

17.~ 42

32

2

2

1.3 3

Ii.0 4

3.3 20.8 -

9.7 ~

30.8 3

z8.5 -2

2

2

2

7.3

Estimate ofAb~’d an c e


Rhus radicans

Smilax bona-nox

Smilax tamnoides var. hispida

Dioscorea sp. 3

230.

Shrubs and Vines

Lonicera sp.


Physocarpus opulifo].ius

Rhns aromatica

Vitis aestivalis

Ribes missouriense

S~phoricarpos orbicularis

Vitis cinerea

Herbaceous,.Species

Bromus purgans

Ga~.ium concinnum

Anemone canadensis

Aster dr~mmondii

Asarum cana~en, is

Aster anomolus

Brachyelytr~ erectum

Desmod.i~ g~utinosum

Eupatorium rugosum


honar~a russeliana

~uhlenbergia sobolifera

Rsnunculus sp.

Senecio obovatus

Smilicina racemosa

Solida~o radu~aS ulmifo~ia

Thasoium trifo~iatum

Uvularia perfoliatum

Viola sp.

Cacalia atrip!icifo!ia

Cirsium altissimum

Gali~a circaezsns

Geum canadensis

Lithosperm~ canescens


3

32

2

2

55

33

TABLE 6~-; (CON’ T )

Herbaceous Species

Panicum boscii

Polymnia canadensis

Cimicifuga racemosa

Asclepias quadrifolia

Campanula americana.



Solidago drummondii


Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus

Entodon seductrix

Leucodon julacea

Thelia hirtel!a


Pyla~le.~l~ selwynii

Rhodobr~mn roseum


2

i

I

i

i

I

232.

Acer sacchar~, Fraxinus americana, Juniperus vir~iniana, ~uercus

prinoides va~ acuminata, and rubra. Except for the increased

abundance of Cornus florida and the occurrence of Asimina triloba

and Carpinus caroliniana~ the understory associates are similar

to those of the sites above. Vines and shrubs are not as dense

in this lower site although the herbaceous and bryophytic floras

continue to be diverse. For a list of the plants present in

site 3, see Table 65.

Site ~ is located along the edge of the river at the base

of the slope, ~.Alere only an estimate of abundance of the species

present was made. ~dost of the taxa present are considered

characteristic of bottomland forests or stream banks. The only

exceptions are the fern Cystopteris bulbifera and the moss

G,ymnostomum recurvirostre that occur on the vertical bluffs at

the edge of the river. For a list of the plants present in

site 4, see Table 66.


~qap 24 (Sect. i~, T. ~I N., R. 6 ~J.)

Station 2~ is a small field (ca. ~.~ acre) ~-4 feet above

the normal stream level that is located between the river and

a vertical dolomitic bluff. The soil is alluvial, sandy, and

neutral (pH ~.~).

Except for a number of small trees of Asimina triloba near

the base of the bluff and a fet~ scattered individuals of Gledit-

sia triacanthos, Juniperus vir~$_niana, and S,ymphoricarpOs

orbicularis, t,~oody perennials are not common. However, grasses

such as Panicum boscii, ~_ vir~ini~u__~s, Leersia or~zoides,

~. vi~i~, and ~’~uhlen~.~i_~ischreberi are common, particularly

the latter three species which are abundant along the edge of the

field nearest the river. Other species of herbaceous plants are

also conspicuous at this time of year, notably Pilea pumila

Agastache nepetoides, Daucus carota, Rudbeckia triloba, Po!ygonum

virginia~um, Ambrosia artem.isiifoli~, and Aster lateriflorus. For

a complete list of the plants present in Station 2~ see Table


Trees Re]~ative % CompositionDensity 6f B~sal Area

Acer saccharum !3.3

Amelanchier arborea

Asimina triioba

Carpinus caro!iniana

Carya texana

Cornus florida ]0.0



F. quadrangulata

Jug].ans cinerea 3.3



Q. rubra I0.0

Rhsmnus caroliniana

Sassafras a!bidum

Staphy!ea trifolia

Viburmm orunifolium

,o~rubs and Vines

Abundance Classof Sa~lin~s

17.2 3

2

2

32

52

7.7 32

11.537 5̄

21.5



Camosis radicans

Dioscorea s~.

Hydrang~e a arborescens

Lonicera sp.

Rhus aromatica

Smilax bona-nox

Smilax tamoides vat. hispida

Vitis aestivslis

3

3

3

Shrubs and Vines

Euonymus obovatus

Rhus radicans

Herbaceous Soecies

Asplenium ruta-muraria var.cryptolepis

Polymnia canadensis

Anemone canadensis

Asarum canadense

Blephi!ia ciliata

Bromus purgans


Eupatorium rugosum

Galium circaezans

G. concinnum


Hepatica acutiloba

Monarda russeliana

Panicum boscii


Prenanthes altissima vat.cinnanomea

Senecio obovatus

Smilacina racemosa

Solidago ulmifolia

Uv~laria perfoliata

Verbesina virginica

Viola sp.

Aster anomolus

A. drummondii


Cimi¢ifuga racemosa

Desmodium sp.


2

2

5

4

4

4

4

3

3

65 (co ,T)235.

Herbaceous Species

Elymus virginicus

Hybanthus concolor

Silphium asteriscus

Thaspium tri£oliatum

Hepatica acutiloba

Agromonia sp.

Aruncus dioicus

Cacalia atriplici£olia


Veratrum woodii

Vernonia crinits

Estimate of¯ ~b~nd ance

2

I

I

I

I

I

I

Bryo~hytes and Lichens

Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus


Campylium chryosophyllum

Entodon seductrix


Leucodon julaceus

Thuidium recognitum

Tortella humilis


Radula andicola

Thelia hirtella

Substrate

Rocks and soil

Rocks

Rocky soil

Rocky s6il

Rocks and logs

Tree trunks

Tree trunks

Rocky soil

Tree bases

Vertical rocks

Vertical rocks

Tree bases

Abundance Class

TAB,I~ 66

2~6.

Floristic Composition of Station 26, Site

Trees Abundance Classof Saol’ings

Lindera benzoin

Staphylea trifolia

Alnus serru!ata


Ulmus rubra

3




Rosa sp.

Herbaceous ooecies

Justica americana

Aster !ateriflorus

Cuscuta compacta

Cystooteris bulbifera

Zlymus virginicus

Leersia oryzoides

Huh!enber@ia frondosa

H. sobolifera

Onoclea. sensiblilis

Sarurus cernuus

Uniola !atifolia


Cinna rundinacea


Lycopus rubellus vat.arkans anus

Leersis virsinica

Panicum anceps

Vernonia crini~a

5

3

3

2~7.


Agrostis perennans

Bidens cernua

2

I


Barbula unguiculata

Conocephalu~ conicum

Gymnostomumrecurvirostre

Hypnum lindbersii

Hyophila involuta

Substrate

Rocks, edge of river

Vertical bluffs

Vertical bluffs

Soil, edge of river

Rocks, edge of river

Abundance Class.

4

4

4

4

238.



Asimina triloba



ohruoo and Vines

2

2

i

Estimate ofAb~nd an c e


herbaceouo opecies

Leersia oryzoides

L. vir~inica

Nuhlenbergia schreberi

Pilea pumila

Achillea millifolium

Agastache nepetoides

Ambrosia artemisii£olia

Aster !ateri£1orus

Elymus " " "vlr~inlcuo

Daucus carota

Panicum boscii

Flantago lanceoiata

Plantago major

Folygontur~ erectum

P. vir~inianum

Rudbeckia triloba

RumexSo!anum carolinianmn


Verbesina vir~inicaAmtemisia annuaCam~)anula americanaChenopodium

5555

TABig 67 (CON’S)

IIerbaceous Species

Cuphaea perfo!iata


Froelichia gracilis

Oenothera biennis

Polygonum hydropiper

P. pensy!vanicum

P. scandens

~runella vulgaris

Saponsria officina!is

~ridens flavus

Aristida dichotoma var.curtissii

Agrostis sp.

Digitaria sanguina!is

iresine rhizomatosa

Hirabilis nycta~inacea

Po ly~onmm ounct atu~

Cinna sPundinace a

Echinochioa crus-sa~li

Panicum gattingeri

Penthorum sedoides


33333

33

3


Nap 23. (Sect. I#, T. 31N., R. 6 W.)

Station 28 is located on the south side of the Current

River just ~,~est of Akers Ferry where north facing dolomitic

(Eminence Formation) bluffs and ledges and a steep wooded rocky

slope are present.

Site i (reconnaissance only) includes the bluff and narrow

talus slope and ledges along the edge of the river. On the talus

slope small trees are numerous, particularly the species Asimina

triloba, Lindera be___n~oi__D_n, and Carpinus caroliniana. Although not

abundant, several large trees of ~latanus occidentalis grow

angled out over the river. On the trunk of one of these trees

the fern Polffoodium ~d~oides var. michatuxianum and the moss

Hynnum. curvifo!ium are abundant. A number of herbaceous plants

are restricted to the talus slope area and include Pilea ~,

Adiantum p_~atum, Aster lateriflorus, Perilla frutescens, Scutell-

aria late~.~lora, Arisaema trin~lum, Cassia marilandica,

C~vno~lossu~.. virginianum, Geum canadense, Rudbeckia laciniata, and

Thaspium barbinode. The dolomitic bluffs rise abruptly from the

river to a height of lO-l~ feet, have a few narrow ledges, and

are moist as the result of seepage. The conspicuous components

of the bluff flora include the shrub H~_a_n~ arborescens and

the herbaceous plants Heuchera pub~rula f. puberula, Adiantum

capillus-veneris, Cystooteris bulbi£era, Aqu~legia canadensis and

As~lenium Dl~e~ro___D_n. On the moist ledges H~strix patul~,

Lobelia siphilitic~, Oxalis so., Sela~inella apoda, Sedum sp.,

Thal~ctrum dioicum and ~olz~mnia canadensis are common. A

number of herbaceous species are commonly restricted to the soil

and boulders in or at the edge of the river. These are Leersia

vir~inica, L. oryzoides, L_2lcoous rubellus, Bidens connata,

~uhlenber~ so., and A_~rg~tis j~erennans. Epilithic mosses and

liverworts are common, particularly along the moist bluff, while

the aquatic species Brac~thecium rivulare, ~orell__a pinnata,

Fontinalis filiformis and ~issidens ~randifrons are present on

submerged rocks at the edge of the river. For a list of the plants

present in site i, see Table 68.

241.

~AB ,iZ 68

Floristic Composition of Station 28, Site i.

~rees

Asimina triloba

CarDinus caroliniana

Lindera ben~oin


Abundance ClassOf Saplings

2

Shrubs and in~s Estimate of-’Abundance


Herbaceo,~s Sp.ecie~

Aquilegia csnadensis


Heuchera puburela f. puburela

Nuhlenbergia sp.

Leersia virginic~

Pilea pumila

Adiant~m caoillis-veneris

A. pedstum

Agrostis perennans

Asp!enium p]atyneuron

Aster lateriYZorus

Bidens connata

E l~us virginicus

Hi strix i~atula

Leersia oryzoides

Lobelia siphilitica

Lycopus rube!lus

Lysimachia quadrifolia

Perilla fructescens

Polymnia canadensis

~olypodium polypioides vat.michauxisnum

555555

242.

IIerbaceous Soecies Estimate ofAbundance

Scutellaria ]ateriflora

Arisaema triphyllum

Cassia mari!andica

Cynoglossmn virginianu~

Geum canadense

Oxalis sp.

Rudbeckia laciniata

Sedum so.

Selaginella apoda

Thalictrum dioicum

Thaspium barbinode

Setaria viridis

Bryo~hytes and Lichens Substrate

Anomodon attenuatus Tree bases

Campylium chrysophyll~n Rock ledges


Brachytheci~ rivulare

Fissidens grandifrons

Narchantia polymorpha

Porella pinnata

Fissidens minutulus

Fontinalis filiformis

Hypnum curvifolium

Moist rocks

Rocks in river

Rocks in river

Moist rocks, edgeof river

Moist rocks, edgeof river

Rock ledges

Rocks in river

Trunk of sycamore

Abundance Class

555

333

Site 2 (150 x 50 feet) is located on the steep (ca. 45~)

slope above the bluff at an altitude of 800 to 860 feet. The

rocky, eroded, and probably slightly acid (pH sample lost) soil

supports a forest composed of a rich variety of trees that form

a closed canopy in ~..,~hich ?0-$05’~ of the sky is obscured by leaves

and branches. Idost of the dominant trees of Acer sacchar~,

~uercus~rinoides var. ac~inata, Q. rubra, Tilia ~ericana, and

Ulmus rubra are young ~ith only six individuals measuring over

6 inches d.b.h. ~he understory is composed of a large n~ber of

saplings of Acer sscchar~ and Z~raxinus ~ericana, and the small

tree species h~r.:?~nu~ caroliniam~, Comus florida, Junipe~us

virginisna, Ostrys virginiana and Staphylea trifolia. Vines,

particularly Dioscorea aS., l~arthenocissus quinquefolia, and Vitis

app., are abundsmt. ~l%s herbaceous ~lora is characteristic of

rich ~oodeq~ siopes and includes such species as Hepatica nobilis

var. acuta, Adiamt~ i~edat~, Aster amomalis, Aspleni~m plat~euron,

Gali~;~ circae~.~ams, ~olystich~ acrostichoides, and Ge~ canadense.

Bryophytes are conspicuous on the rocky soil and small boulder~

and consist princi~psl!y of_~r~oan~.ersonis illecebra, Bartr~ia

pomiformis, Ctnedi~ moilusc~, C~m-~p~!i~ chr~rsoohyl!u~, Thuidi~

recognitum, _~o~oc~_on sttenuatus, and A. minor, in addition

Haploh~eniwn trieste is ~ ~rec~uent on tree trunks. For a list

of the species present in Site 2, see Table 69.

Site ~ (i~ x .~_~ ~eet) is located on the upper part of the

steed (ca. z~o) slou~e at an elevation rsngin~ from 9~0 to 960 feet.¯ he soil is ero~S~.~ rocky, and acid (?~.~ 6.5-6.6). ~he forest

canopy is relati~e!y o0en ~rith 6~-.,_ ~ ?,,~ of the sky obscured by the

croatians of Aoer s-~cchs~rum~ Csryn~ overs, ~ra~znus americans, ~uerous

..... ’ ~ ~-~ le understory trees are Cercis

canadensi,?, Comus florida, Cstrya vir6iniana, and ~hamnus caro-

!Amiama. Viues~ suc]:~, as A~ ~_emooissus _,umnt~.uefolma and Dios-

corea so. are ]~articuiar!y abuudsnt. ~he herbaceous flora includes

a n~ber of,~,~,,~,~~?’~+~’" tha, t are tE,.,mcs.l" on u~~land_ mesic north facing

:,,r,aoded s~oae~] a~z~l imcl-~d,e such ta;¢~ as Antemnari~, lolanta~inifo!ia,

Hystri]c ~.:o~-~tua- .... ~ , ~;:~ .... ,~,,omc~, mobilis vat. acuta and ~emone virginiana.

~he bryo~?hyte~ .......... semt are smmm~c~r to those in Site 2. ~or a list

of the .~l,.~mt~ gro~;~in~~’ im ,ozte~,:;~ ,~ee_ ~ Table

TABLE 69

Floristic Composition of Station 28, Site 2. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 42. Total basal area of alltrees = 12/~8 sq. in.


Aoer rubrum

A. sac charum = ~’ ~

Amelanchier arborea

Asimina tri!obs


Carya tomentosa 2.4

Cercis canadensis 2.#

Cornus florida 26.2





.~. rubra 4.8

Sassafras albidum

Staphylea trifolia

Tilia americana 9.5

Ulmus rubra ~4.8

Shrubs and Vines

1.01.0

1 .99.1

2.0

16.9

9.2



2

2

2

4-

2

2

2

2

Dioseorea sp.



Vitis aestiva!is

V. cinerea

IIerbaceous S2ecies

Hepatica acutiloba

Adiant~m pedatum

Asplenium rhizophy!lum

5

245.

69 (con

Herbaceous Species


Aster anomalis

Gallium circaezans

Geum cans.dense

Nonarda russeliana

Polymnia canadensis


Prenanthes altissima

Senecio obovatus

Agrimonia sp.

Anemone virginiana

Asarum canadense

Panicum boscii




Campanula americana

Gerardia grandiflora

Veratrum woodii


Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus




Ctnedium mol!uscum


Thuidium recognitum

Homomallium adnatum



Leucobryum glauctm-~

Substrate

Shaded rocks

Shaded rocks

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Tree trunks

Rocky soil

Shaded rocks

Rocky s6il

Rocky soil

Rocky soil


4

4

4

Abundance Class

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

2~6.

Fioristic Compositbn of Station 28, Sitenumber of measurable trees = 50.trees = 1666 sq. in.


Acer ssccharum 25.5

Amelanchier arbores

Bumelia lanuginosa

Carya cordiformis

C. ovata 6.7

C. texans

C. tomentosa 5.5

Celtis occidenta!is

Cercis canadensis

Comus florida lO.O




Ostrya virginiana

Ptelea trifoliata

Quercus alba 16.7~.~ prinoides var.

acuminata,~. rubrs 20.0

Rhamnus caro!iniana

Sassafras a].bid~n

Tilia americana

Ulmus rubra 5.3

Viburnum rufidulum

Shrubs and Vines


% Composition Abundance Classo’f Basal Area of Saplihgs

22.5

12.7 2

1.2 2

2.5 52

-

2

25.4

2~.9

1.72


Parthenocissus quinquefo3ia

Dioscorea sp.

Rhus aromatics

5

¯AB~ 70 (CON’ ~)

Shrubs and Vines

Rhus radicans

Rosa Spo

Vitis aestivalis

Campsis radicans

Herbaceous Species

Agrimonia sp.

Anemone virginians

Antenarria plantaginifolia


Aster anomalis

Brachye!ytrum erectum

Galium concinnum

Hepatica acutiloba

Hystrix patula

Panicum boscii


Smilacina racemosa

Solidago u].mifolia

Uv-ularia perfo!iata

Asplenium rhizophy!!um

Blephi!a cil.iata


Ga!ium circaezans

Heliopsis heiianthoides

Triosteum pe~foliatum

Bromus purgans


Passiflora lutea

Liatrus scabra


333

3

3

332

2

2

1

247.

2.q-8 o


Anomodon attenuatus


Ctnedium molluscum



,Hedwigia ciliata

,Leucobryum ~laucum

Substrate

Rocks and tree bases

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocks

Rocks, soil, and logs

Abundance Class

4-

249.

Site ~ (reconnaissance only) includes a relatively open

area (ca.)~ acre) near the ridge a~ian elevation o£ 990-1000

feet. Trees are scattered and judging from the number o£ fresh

cut stumps present, this area has been recently cut. The soil

is heavily eroded, rocky, and slightly alkaline (pH 7.2). Carya

tomentosa and ~uercus ve!utina are ~the most common trees still

standing, some of which are fairly large (up to !0 inches d.b.h).

Saplings of Pinus echinata, Quercus alba and Q. rubra are scattered

throughout the site, while the shrubs, Ceanothus americanus and

VacciniuJa sp., are abundant. In spite of the open nature of this

site, the number of herbaceous species is remarkably low. However,

this may be explained by the occurrence of a closed forest on this

area unit recently. For a list of the species present in site 4,

see Table 71.


Hap 2}. (Sect. 14, T. 31N., R. 6

Station 29 (tree count only) is a low alluvial forest of

about ~ acres on the south side o£ the Current River just west

of ~ers Ferry. As this forest lies only }-~ feet above the river,

flooding is undoubtedly a common occurrence. The soil is sandy

and slightly acid (pH 6.8).

The canopy is relatively closed’with 60-80% of the sky

obscured by the cro}.~m dominants Acer saccharum, Celtis occiden-

talis, Praxinus americanus, Platanus occidentalis and quercus

macrocarpa. The understory is composed chiefly of Asimina

triloba, Lindera benzoin and saplings of Tilia americana. Near

the river young trees of P!atanus occidentalis are abundant.

A luxuriant undergrowth of herbaceous plants is present and

the dominant species are Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Leersia

virginica, Polygonum scandens, Vesb6sina helianthoides, Bidens

bipinnata, Cynoglossum virginianum, Impatiens biflora, Polygonum

punctatum, Scroph~laria marilandica’and Nuhlenbergia frondosa.

Near the base of the adjacent slope Laportea canadensis and

Asarum canadensis are abundant.

For a list of the species present in Station 29, see Table

250.

TABLE 71

Floristic Composition of Station 28, Site

Trees

Carya tomentosa

Cornus f!orida

Pinus echinata

Quercus alba

~. rubra

Q. velutina

Rhamnus caroliniana

Shrubs and Vines

Abundance Classo’f Saplihgs

4

Estimate of.... Abundance


Vaccinium sp.

Vitis aestivalis

Herbaceo,u,~ Species

Aster anomalus

A. patens

Cunila origanoides

Nonarda russeliana

Parthenium hispidum


Solidago ulmifolia

Tephrosis virginiana

Baptisia leucophaea

4

4

4

4

251.

TABLE 72

Floristic Composition of Station 29.measurable trees = 66.8355 sq. in.

Trees

Total number ofTotal basal area of all trees =

3.0

Sh~ubs and Vines.

RelativeDen’sit~

Acer saccharinum 12.0

Aesculus glabra 2.0

Asimina triloba 52.0

Carya cordiformis ~.~ 0



Gleditisia triacanthos 2.0

Juglans nigra 6.0

Lindera benzoin


Quercus alba 3.0

Q. macrocarpa ll.O


Q. rubra 2. ~

Sassafras albidum

Tilia a~ericana

Ulmus rubra


13.8 -0.6 -

3.6 5

2.9 -

8.5 -

7.~ -

0.2 -

3.9 -

26.1

21.4 -

3.1 -

3.1 --

2

1.2 4

0.5 -

Estimate of- Abundance

Vitis aestivalis 3

Herbaceous Species


Leersia virginica

Polygonum scandens


Asarum canadensis

Bidens bipinnats

55~55

~AB~ 72 (C0n’ ~)

Herbaceous Species

Bidens connata

Cynoglossum virginianum


E. rugosum

Geum canadensis

Impatiens bif!ora

Laportea canadensis

Nuhlenbergia frondosa

Perilla frutescens

Polygonum punctatum


Verbena urticifolia

Cinna arundinacea

Lobelia siphilitica

Phryma leptostachya

Verbesina virginica

Phytolaca americana

Lactuca floridana

252.


2


Map 25 (SE % NW % Sect. 18, T. 28 N., R. 2 W.)

Station 30 is located at Rocky Creek Falls Shut-In, an area

where erosion by a surface stream has caused the exposure of

felsite, a resistant igneous bedrock of Precambrium Ryolite.

This particular area begins as a narrow valley above a cascading

falls and opens into a wider valley below the falls. The sites

studied were restricted to rocky exposures at and surrounding the

falls and to a rocky, NW facing slope SE of the falls.

Site I (reconnaissance only) includes the extensive open

felsite exposures surrounding the £alls as well as a low area

around the pool at the base of the falls (Figure 22). Few trees

occur on the open felsite around the falls except for those

species that have become established and survive in crevices.

These include Acer rubrum, Diospyros virginiana, Ulmus alata,

Rhus copallina and Amelanchier aborea. Other tree species include

Alnus serrulata, Cephalanthus occidentalis, and Platanus occi-

dentalis which are restricted to the low area surrounding the

pool, where they are abundant. Many of the herbaceous species

growing in site i are also restricted to the low, wet habitats

in or around the pool. These are :

Justica americana

Osmunda regalis


Nuphar !uteum vat. ozarkanum

Panicum anceps

P. a~rostoides ,

Helenium autumnale

Leersia oryzoides

Circuta maculata

Vernonia ba!dwini

Uniola latifolia

Sagittaria latifolia

Lobelia cardinalis

Ludwigia alternifolia

Onoclea sensibilis

Oxypolis ~ir vat.ri-~idoir

Proserpinaca palustris

Viola ~a~ittata

Polygonum scandens

At this season of the year, a number of herbs are scattered through-

out the area of extensive rock exposures where they grow on soil

in small pockets, crevices, or on rock ledges. These are:

Andropogon scoparius Cassia fasciculata

Aristida dichotoma vat. curtsii Crotonopsis elliptica

25~.

I

III

II

0-H

255.

Talinum calycinum

Gaura biennis

Oxalis violacea

Between the edge of the pool and the rocky slope, there

is a mesic area of very rocky, sandy soil where the following

herbaceous species are found:

Pas~alum laeve var. pilosum

~anicum microcar~o~_~_~

P. boscii

Aster lateriflorus var.~ateriflorus

Cunila ori~anoides

Desmodium ri~idum

Lespedeza violacea

Solidago nemoralis

Solanum carolinianum

Di[itaria is chaemum

D. s anguinalis

Physoste~ia virginiana

For a list of the plants present in Site i, see Table 73.

Vernal collections made during 1962 and 1963 from this same

area indicate that the following species are likely to be present:

K.rigia biflora

K. dandeloin

Phacelia hirsuta

Planta~o vi~.ginic~.

Bryophytes are a conspicuous element of the flora of Site i

and collections made in 1962 and 1968 sho~ many species to be

particularly evident. These are:

On open, exposed felsite -

Grimmia pilifera

!. laevi~t__~a

Hedwigia ciliata

Entodon seductrix

On shaded rocks, rock ledges, and crevices -


Pohlia nutsns

Iso~terygium eleKans

~annia fra~r~

~_ ~seudotriquetrum


Leucobryum ~ucum


Anomodon rostratus


Dicranum fulv~m

B__r~p.~eudotriquetrum


Semato~hyllum carolinianum

Reboulia hemisphaerica

TABLE 73

2.56.

Floristic Composition ~of Station 30, Site 1.


Acer rubrum ~

A1nus serrulatum 4

Amelanchier arborea 4

Cephalanthus occidentalis 4

Diospyros virginiana 4

Platanus occidenta!is 4

Rhus copallina 4

Ulmus alata 4

Herbace,ous S~ecies Estimate~of-’Abundance

Justicia americana

Osmunda regalis


Aristida dichotoma var.curtissii

Aster lateriflorus vat.lateriflorus

Cassia fasiculata

Crotonopsis elliptica

Cunila origanoides

Cuscuta densiflora

Cyperus refractus

Desmodium rigidum


Eupatorium perfo!iatum

G~ura biennis

Helenium autumna]e

Leersia oryzoides

Lespedeza violacea

Nuphar luteum

Panicum anceps

55

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

TABLE 73

Herbaceous Species

(CON’S)

Panicum microcarpum

P. philadelphicum

Sagittaria latifolialatifolia

Solidago nemoralis


Talinum parviflorum

Tridens f!avus


Circuta maculsta

Digitaria ischaemum

D. sanguinalis

Eleochar~.s obtusa

Lobelia cardina!is

Ludwigia alternifolia

Onoclea sensibilis

Oxalis violacea

Oxypolis rigidior var.

~anicum lanuginos~n

P. polysanthes

Paspalum laeve var.

Po!ygon~ scandens

Uniola ]atifo]ia

Panicum agrostoides

P. boscii

Proserpinaca palustris


Vernonia baldwini

Viola sagittata

var.

rigidior

pilosum


4

4

4

333

3

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

257.

258.

On rocky soil -

Dicranum scoparium

D. sabuletorum

D. spurium

Polytrichum ~iperinum

Nnium cuspidatum

Tortella humilis

Atrichum an~ustatum


Leucobryum glaucum


Ctnedium molluscum



On tree trunks and decaying wood -

Or~hotrichum pusillum Drummondia ororepens

Haplohymenium triste Platygyrium repens

Frullania s~uarrosa

On moist soil and rocks at the edge of creek or falls -

Philonotis fontana

Fontinalis filiformis

~ ge~miparum


~mos~dens adianthoides

Site 2 (i00 x i00 feet) is located on the lower part of a

steep (ca. 30°), NW-facing, extremely rocky slope. Numerous

large angular boulders are scattered through the acid (pH 5.2-

6.4) soil where~, in fact, many are so large they form small bluffs

and ledges, The canopy is relatively open with only 40-60% of

the sky obscured by the crowns of the dominant trees ~uercus

alba, Pinus echinata, N~ s~ivatica var. caroliniana, ~uercus

rubra, and ~. velutina. Understory trees and vines are abun-

dant, especially such small tree species as Acer rubrum, Rhus

~o~allina, Vacciniumarboreum and Comus florida and such

vine species as Lonicera flava, Parthenocissus quinquefolia,

Rhus radicans and Smilax bona-nox. The herbaceous flora is

poor in number of species, although those present are numerous.

One fern species, Dryopteris mar~inal~.s., is restricted to shaded

rock ledges. For a list of taxa present in site 2, see Table 74.

Site 3 (reconnaissan~ only) is an open felsite glade near

the summit of the slope at an altitude of 880-920 feet. Flat

exposures of rock are extensive and ~vhat soil is present is

rocky and acid (pH 6.4), forming a shallow layer over the bedrock.

TABLE 7~

259.

Floristic Composition of Station 30, Site 2. Totalnumber of~measurable trees = 15. Total basal area of alltrees : 886 sq. in.


Acer rubrum

Amelanchier arborea

Carya ovata

C. texans

C. tomentosa

Cornus florida


Nyssa sylvatica var.carolinians

Pinus echinata

Quercus alba

Q. rubra

Q. velutina

Rhus copallina

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus alata

Vaccinium arboreum

13.3 7.1

7.o 17.460.0 66.6

13.3 5.8

7.0 3.2

Shrubs snd Vines

o Compositionof Basal Area


2

2

2


2

Lonicera f!ava


Rhus aromatics

R. radicans

Smilax ~na-nox

Herbaceous Species

Aster snomalus

Asplenium plstyneuron

Cunila origanoides


Desmodium laevigatum

D. rigidum

Galium arkansanum


Solidago buckleyi

Arabis sp.

B!ephila ciliata


Polyganum scandens

Prenanthes altiss,immm

Bryqphytes an$ LicNens

Cladonia so.

Dicranum scooarium.

Hedwigia ciliata

Leucobryum glaucum

Bryum caoillare

Dicranum sabu]etor~n

Polystichum juniperinum

Subatrate

ROcks

,Rocky.,soil

Rocks

Soil and rocks

Rocky ledges

Rock ledges

Rocky soil

4-

4

4

4

Ab~ndanc e

4

Class

260.

261.

Consequently, the soil is easily saturated by even small

amounts of rain, but like~ise, it dries out quickly. Under

such conditions trees are widely scattered, dwarfed in their

growth, and generally located along fissure lines where soil

conditions and thus moisture conditions, are more favorable.

Only a few species occur in this situation such as Ulmus ~lata,

Juniperus vir~$_n~ana, Car~3~ texans and Rhus copallina. Although

the herbaceous flora is poor in number of species, many of the

species present are extremely abundant, for example, AndropogOn

~, Gerardia tenuifoli__~a, CrotonoDsis elliptica and

Panicum philadelphicum. Several species of bryophytes and lichens

are also abundant. Mosses such as Hedwigia ciliata, Grimmia

~., as well as the lichen genus Cladonia, are restricted

to the rocks and thin soil of open rock e~osures. However, other

taxa, such as Dicranum ~co~~_~_, Pol_~trichum juniperin~um_, Entodon

seductrix and B_r~u~m_oseudotriauetr~_~_, are more frequent where

the soil layer is thicker. For a list of the species present

in site 3, see Table 75.

Station 31, Sites 1-2 (21 September, 1969)

~ap 26. (S ~ sect. ~, T. 31 N., R. 5 W.)

Station 31 is located on a north facing slope and ridge

about i/8 mile upstream from 2~ulltight Spring Compground (Figure

2~). Vertical bluffs o~~ dolomite (Eminence Formation) and exten-

sive rock !edces are present on the steeper parts of this slope.

Site i (150 x 50 feet) is situated near the summit of the

slope at an altitude of 760 to 820 feet and has a soil which

is rocky, eroded, and acid (pH 5.2-5.6). Nesr the upper part of

this site the slope is about I0°; however, toward its lower

side the slope becomes steep (ca. ~5~). The dominant trees,

consisting of ~uercus alba, rubra, ~. velutina, and ~ys~a

s~ivatica vat. carolinian~ form a relatively closed canopy with

60-70% of the sky obscured by leaves and branches. Understory

associates include such small tree species as Acer rubrum,

262.

TABLE 75


Trees

Carya texana


Rhus copallina

Ulmus alata

Herbaceous S~ecies

Abundance Classof Saplings’

5



Gerardia tenuifolia


Panicum philadelphicum

Acalypha gracilescens vat.monocca


Aristida dichotoma var. curtisii


Cheilanthes lanosa

Polygonum tenue

Cassia fasciculata

Talinum parviflorum

Bry?phytes and Lichens Substrste

Cladonia sp.

Grimmia laevigata

Bryum pseudotriquetrum

Dicranum scoparium

Hedwigia ciiiata

Polytrichumjuniperinum

Entodon seductrix

Thin soil

Open rocks

Thin soil

Thin soil

Open rocks

Thin soil

Thin soil androcks

5555

Abundance Class

554

4

4

263 ¯

Map 26. Stations 31 (Sites i - 2) and 32.

Amelanchier aborea, Cercis canadensis, comus florida, Ostrya

virginiana and Sassafras albidum, as well]as numerous shrubs

and vines. In addition, saplings of Acer saccharum and Quercus .spD.

are abundant. The herbaceous flora is widely dispersed and includes

a number of species that are typical of upland sites with acid

soilso These are:

Galium arkans anum

Les~edeza intermedia

Antennaria ~olant a~ini£olia

Panicum dichotomum var. barbulatum

Danthonia spicata

Lespedeza cuneata


The bryophytes and lichens present are also characteristic of

upland forests with acid soils. For a list of these taxa, as

well as other plants present in site i, see Table 76.

Site 2 encompasses about a 200 foot wide strip extending

from the edge of the river (alt. ca. 720 feet) to the lower part

of site i (alt. ca. 760 feet). The slope is very steep, varying

from 80° to vertical. Thus, precipitous bluffs and rock ledges

are common. The soil is rocky and the pH ranges from 7.6 near

the river, to 7.2-7.4 on the steep slope and rock ledges. Here

the forest consists of such dominants as Quercus spp., Tilia

americana, and Acer saccharum and has a canopy which ranges

from open to relatively closed (~0-70% of sky obscured by leaves

and branches). Other tree associates include Acer saccharinum

and Platanus occidentalis along the river and Acer rubrum,

Fraxinus soo., ~Juglans ni~ra and ~ s~Ivatica var. carolin-

iana elsewhere° Understory trees are abundant and include

Bumelia lanuginosa~ Cornus florida~ Juniperus vir~iniana, Sassafras

a!bidu~, Asimina tri!oba, Lindera benzoin~ and Staphylea trifolia.

The last three species are more common on the lower slope.

Shrubs and vines are common throughout the site, and of the taxa

present, the shrub Hyd.~an~ arborescens and the vine Rhus

radicans, are the most abundant. The herbaceous flora recorded

for this area is diverse with many of the species more or less

restricted to-~..~et areas at the base of the slope or even in the

river. These are:

Boehmeria c_~lindrica Bidens connata

Justica americana Leersia oryzoides

265.

TABLE 76


Trees

Aoer rubrum

A. saccharum

Amelanchier arborea

Carya tomentosa

Cercis canadensis

Comus florida 8.0

Fraxinus americana


Nyssa sylvaticm vat. 5.0caroliniana

Ostrya virginiana

Pinus echinata

Quercus alba 57.0

Q. rubra 5.0

Q. velutina 5.0

Sassafras albid~n

RelativeDensit~

5.05.03.0

5.0

% Com~oosition Abundance Classof Basali Area ~

1.8 ’32.O 4

o.5 -32.9 ’3

1.7 ~2

2

ll.6 2

18.716.3

Shrubs and Vines Estimate of’~Abundance


Vaccinium vacillans

Rhus aromatica

Dioscorea villosa


Rhus radicans

Vitis aestivalis

Rosa carolina

2

2

2

2

i

Herbac,eous Species

Antenaria plantaginifolia

Aster patens var.patentissimus

TABLE p6 (CON’ T)266.

IIerbaceous Species

Aster anomalus

Desmodium ciliate

Galium circaezans

Lespedeza intermedia

Monarda russeliana

Panicum dichotomum vat.barbulatum

Polysticum acrostichoides

Solidago hispida

Agrostis perennans

Aster cordifolius

Cunila originoides

Danthonia spicata


Galium coccinium

Lespedeza cuneata

Thalictrum dioicum


Aruncus dioicus

Asarum canadense

Cimicifuga racemosa

Galium arkansanum

Hieracium gronovii

Prenanthes altissima vat.cinnamomea


Atrichum angustatum

Bartromia pomiformis


Cladonia sp.

Ctnedium molluscum


Hedwigia ciliata

Substrate

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

Rock

Estimate of"JAbundance

4

444

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

2

1

Abundance Class

4

4

4

4

4

4

267.

Onoclea sensibilis

Saururus cernuus

Solidago drummondii

Leersia virginica

Muhlenber~ia sp.

Equisetum hyemale vat. elatum

The shaded dolomitic bluffs and rocks harbo~ a number of

characteristic epilithic ferns such as Asplenium rhizoph~llum,

~. ruta-muraria vat. 9~ytt~ep_~, c_~.~o__pteris bulbifera, Pellaea

atropurpurea, and P. glabella. On the shaded soil ledges a number

of species typical of mesic north facing slopes occur. These

include:

Thalictrum dioicum

Adiantum oedatum

Desmodium ~lutinosum

Hepatica nobilis var. scuta


Aruncus dioicus

U~zularia perfoliata


Orchis spectabilis

Hydr!phyllum vir~.iana

In addition, collections made in the spring of 1962 indicate that

the following additional herbaceous species msy be found:

Ranunculus recurvatus Phacelia bipinnatifida

�~ripedium calceolus var.p~b~scens

Panax quinquefolium

Mosses are very common throughout the site with the species

Anomodon~attenuatus, A~ rostratus and Bryoandersonia illecebra

most conspicuous. Collections of bryophytes made in this same

area in 1962 indicate that the following taxa may also be present:

Ha__~qhymenium triste

Folytrichum ohioense

Thelia lescuri

Drummondii pr~repens


~. s~arium

Taxiphyllum~o~ilum

Conocephslum conicum

Gymnostomum so.

Tortella humilis

Atrichum undulatum

H~onum curvifo lium

Trunks of trees

Soil ledges

Soil ledges

Trunks of trees

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Shaded rocks

Moist rocks near river

Shaded vertical rocks

Shaded soil

Shaded soil

Shaded soil

A list of al! the plants observed in site 2 is presented in Table

TABLE 77

268.



Acer rubrum 4.8

A. saccharinum 2.4

A. saccharum 14.3

Asimina triloba

Bumelia lanuginosa

Celtis occidentslis

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida



Juglans nigra 4.8


Lindera benz6in


Ostrya virginiana


Quercus alba 2.4


Q. rubra 19.1

Q. velutina 2.4

Sassafras albidum

Staphylea trifolia

Tilia americana 9.5

Shrubs and Vines

% Composition Abundance Classof Basal Area of Samplings

1.2 2

1.3 -

5.8 42

2

3.7 4

6.1 3

1.2 -

4.7 22

1.3 -

50.0

3.0

i~.3

Estimate of’Abundanc e


Rhus radicans

Dioscorea villosa

5

269.

Shrubs and Vines

Lonicera flava


Rhus aromatica

Rosa sp.

Vaccinium vacillans

Vitis aestivalis



Viburnum pruni£olium

Herbaceous Species


Thalictrum dioicum

Adiantum pedatum

Anemone virginicus


A. ruta-muraria vat.cryptolepis

Aster anomolus




Eupatorium rugosum

Galium concinnum

Hepatica acutiloba

Heuchera puberula

Justicia americana

Lespedeza cuneata

Onoclea sensibilis

Panicum sp.



Saururus cernuus

Estimate ofAb~undance

3

32

2

1

55

4

4

4

4

4

4-

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

270.

TABLE 77 (CON’T)

Herbaceous Species


Aruncus dioicus

Bidens connata

Desmodium nudifolium

Leersia oryzoides

L. virginica

Nuhlenbergia sp.


Silphium asteriscus

Smilacina racemosa

Teucrium canadense vat.virginicum

Uvularia perfoliata


Pellaea glabella

Polygonum hydropiperoides



33

33

3

2

2

I

P

271.

Station 32. (21 September, 1969)

Nap 26. (S ~ Sect. 3~, T. 31 N., R. 5 W.)

Station 32 (tree count only) is a large gravel bar (ca. 3

acres) located about 1/4 mile uostream from Pulltight Spring

Campground. The upper end of this bar is largely composed of

gravel in which numerous "~ash-outs" have developed, especially at

the bases of trees pushed over by flood waters. The lower end

of this bar is predominantly muddy and gradually merges with the

river (Figure 24). The center of this bar is 3-5 feet higher than

the river, has a sandy alluvial soil, and is heavily wooded. The

pH of the soil ranges from 6.8 along the muddy edges to 7.0 in

the center of the bar.

Next to the river the woody flora consists mainly of Salix

caroliniana, ~. ni~, and small saplings of Platanus occidentalis.

In the center of the bar, ~here a deep layer of alluvial soil is

developed, the forest is dense and closed with 80% of the sky

obscured by leaves and branches. Although a number of tree species

are present, the dominant species is~obviously Platanus occiden-

talis, with a conservative estimate of several hundred saplings

of this species considered to be present. The shrub ~ymphoricarpasorbicularis and the vine Parthenocissus Quinquefolia are the

leading understory species.

The herbaceous flora on this bar is very rich in species and

many are very abundant. A list of the taxa present at this

station, presented in Table 78, consists not only of the woody

taxa, but also of the herbaceous species according to the area

of the bar where they most often occurred (i.e., in water at

the edge of bar, low wet muddy areas at lower end of bar, drier

open gravel areas, and sandy alluvial soil of the wooded center of

the bar).


Nap 27. (Sect. z~, T. 30 N., R. 5 W.)

Station ~,~ is !ocated on the west side of the Current River

about ~ mile below4 Pulltight Spring on a long, moderate (ca. 25-}©°)~

272.

TABLE 78



Acer negundo

A. saccharinum ~.0

Betula nigra 2.0


Fraxinus americana

Juglans nigra


Lindera benzoin


Rhamnus lanceolata

Salix caroliniana 8.0

o. nigra

Ulmus rubra

Shrubs and Vines


81.2

12.8

Abundance Classof Sa lip~

2

2

1

2

1

5+1

5




Rhus glabra

Rosa sp.

Rhus radicans

Rubus sp.

5

~,~. 78 (co~’ ~)

Herbaceous Species

273.

Agrostis sp.

Ceratophyll~m sp.

Cuphaea perfoliata

Digitaria ischaemum

D. sanguinalis

Elodea nuttallii

Eleocharis sp.

Leersia oryzoides

Lespedeza cuneata

Ludwigia palustris

Oenothera biennis

Oxalis stricta

Pilea pumila


Potamogeton foliosus var. macellus

Setaria viridis

Solidago sip.

Scirpus americanus

Vernonia crinita

Acalypha rhombo idea

Amaranthus hybridis


Aristida dichotoma vat. curtissii

Artemesia annua

A. caudata

5

5

5~

5

555

5

5

5

Amsinckia sp.

5

5

5

~ o

H~

5

2’74.

TABLE(CON’S)

Herbaceous Species

Aster pilosus

Bidens connata

B. bipinnata

Cassia fasciculata


Cyperus rivu!aris

C. refractus

Daucus carota

Elephantopus carolinianus

Erechtites hieracifo~ia


E. rugosum

Euphorbia dentata

E. maculata

Froelichia gracilescens

Gaura biennis

Helenium amarum

Impatiens capensis

Justicia americana

Leersia virginica

Lepidium sp.

Lespedeza stipulacea

Nuhlenbergia sp.


Rudbeckia triloba

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

o~

~o~o¯ ~ 0

~ o~o~~ ¯

~oe

4

4

4

4

4

275.

~AB~ 78 (CON’ ~)

Herbaceous Species

Rumex sp.

Sagittaria sp.


Setaria viridis

Solidago nemoralis


Verbascum thapsus

Verbena stricta

V. urticifolia

Veronica commosa

Xanthium chinense


Ambrosia trifida

Bidens cernua

B. frondosa

Campanula americana


Commelina sp.

Chenopodium standleyanum


Elymus virginicus


Helenium autumnale

Kickxia elantine

Lysimachia nummularia

Oenothera biennis

Z o

3

33

¯ H hO

1

Herbaceous SDecies~

276 ¯

l~anicum dichotomiflorum

P. lamuginosum

Penthorum sedoides

Solanum americ anum

Sorghastrum nutans


Eclipta alba

Echinochloa crus galli

Hieracium gronovii

Iresine rhizomatoss

Nirabilis nycta~inacea

Panicum agro stoides

Plantago lanceolata



Thalictrum revolutum

Barbarea vulgaris

Cinna arundinacea

Panicum capillaris

I°. philadelphicum


Sorghum halepense

,, I

o

3

2

2

2

@

0 ~D

3

2

I

i

i

i

i

3

2

2

279.

TABLE, 79



Asimina triloba



Cercis canadensis 2.0




Juglans cinerea 5.0

J. nigra 12.0

Lindera benzoin


Ptelia trifoliata

Quercus alba 3.6

Q. prinoides vat. lO.Oacuminata

Q. rubra

Rhamnus csreliniana


Tilia americana 2.0

Ulmus rubra lO.O


521.2 4

6.1 3

o.9 21.O 2

5.5 2

2.7 4

1.4 -

10.8 4

11.2 4

2

-

8.6 }

5-9 2

2

5.3 42.5 -

6.3 4



Dioscorea quarternata

Smilax bona-nox

S. tanmoides var. hispida


Campsis radicans

Vitis aestivalis

54

4

4

4

278.

east-facing slope that rises 340 feet from a broad alluvial

plain (elev. 720 feet) to a narrow ridge (elev. 1060 feet).

Because of the extensive nature of this slope, six sites were

required to obtain an adequate sample.

Station 1 (tree count only) is an old abandoned field

approximately 4.5 acres in size on the highest terrace, 6-7 feet

above the river. The soil is sandy and circumneutral (pH 7.0)

and trees are widely scattered, forming a canopy of 20-40%.

A wide variety of tree species are present, but the dominant

species are Carya cordiformis, Juglans nigra, Platanus occiden-

talis, Quercus prinoides vat. acuminata, Q. alba, and Q. rubra.

The leading understory woody species are the small trees Asimina

triloba, Lindera benzoin, Sassafras albidum, as well as saplings of

Gleditsia triacanthos and the dominant trees. Shrubs and vines

are common, particularly the vines Parthenocissus quinquefolia,,

Dioscorea quarternata, and Smilax spp. and the shrub Symphori-

carpos orbicularis. The herbaceous flora is rich in species and

includes the following taxa that typically grow in worn out, old

fields: Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Digitaria sanguinalis, Tridens

flavus, Verbascum thaosas, Achillea millefolium, Elephantopus

carolinianus, inaphalium obtusifolitun and Erigeron canadensis.

However, the remainder of the herbs present are typical of

open alluvial soils. For a list of the species present in site l,

see Table 79.

Site 2 (150 x 50 feet)~is located at the base of the slope

at an elevation of 720-740 feet, ~here the soil is a sandy loam

and slightly acid (pH 6.8). Numerous large boulders of a cherty

dolomite (Eminence Formation) are present and the canopy is closed

with 80% of the sky obscrued by the crowns of the following domi-

nant trees: Carya cordiformis, Juglans cinerea Quercus alba and

~. prinoides var. acuminata. The understory is composed largely

of the small tree species Cercis canadensis, Lindera benzoin, and

Sassafras albidum. The vine Vitis aestivalis is very abundant,

climbing over the small trees and up into the crowns of the

dominant trees. The leading species of the rich herbaceous flora

are Asarum canadensis and Senecio obovatus. Mosses are conspi-

cuous on the moist shaded rocks. For a list of the plants present

TABLE 79 (CON’ T)

280.

Herbaceous Speci~



Eupatorium rugosum

Geum canadensis


Rudbeckia triloba

Acalypha virginica

Achillea mille[olium

Agrimonia pubescens

Aster cordifolius

A. drummondii

A. pilosus

Bidens bipinnata

Bromus purgans

Cassia nictitans

Cyperus refractus


Elymus virginicus

Eupatorium colestinum

Euphorbia dentata

E. maculata

Lobelia siphilitica

Muhlenbergia schreberi

Oxalis stricta

Panicum boscii

P. dichotomum vat. barbulatum

Perilla frutescens


Prunella vulgaris

Tridens flavus

Uniola latifolia

Verbesina virginica

Vernonia crinita

Ambrosia trifida

Estimate of--Abundance

5

55

3

281.

TABLE 79 (CON’T)

Herbaceous Species

Aster simplex var. interior

A. lateriflorus

Erigeron canadensis


Hystrix patula

Leersia vir~inica

Panicum sp.

Polygonum scandens

Solidago altissima


Verbascum thapsus

Verbena urticifolia

Anemone virginiana

Aster sagittifolius

Iresine rhizomatosa


Cassia marilandica


Polygonum coccineum


Scutellaria incana

Setaria viridis

Teucrium canadense var.virginicum


2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

282.

in site 2, see Table 80.

Site 3 (150 x 50 feet) is located on’the lower mid,slope at

an elevation of 800-830 feet. Many large boulders of a sandy

dolomite (Gasconade Formation?) are scattered throughout on the

rocky, acid (pH 6.4) soil. The canopy is ~ariable, ranging from

20-60% of the sky obscrued by leaves and branches of Quercus spp.,

the dominant species. Except for two large trees, Quercus alba

(d.b.h. 15 in.) and ~. prinoides var. acuminata (d.b.h. 17 in.),

the trees are relatively small (d~b.h.~8 in.) and scattered.

Understory associates include the small tree species Bumelia lamu-

~_~_gs__~a, Rhamnus carolinian~, and Ulmus alata. Vines, particularly S~

lax so~., C~_~radicans, and Rhus radicans, form extensive and

at times almost impenetrable thickets. Herbaceous species are

abundant, especially in the open rocky areas, with 2 g~nera of the

Compositae, So___l~ida~p and As__t~, very common at this season of the

year. Solidago buckle~, for example, dominates the a~eas where

thin soil has accumulated on the surface of large boulders, a

habitat it shares ~ith EuDhorbma corollata, ~splenium platyneuron,

and Bromus up_~_~ya~_~ns. The following mosses are present on large

boulders: Anomodon attenuatus, Hedwigia ciliata, Entodon seductrix,

and Grimmia pilifera. For a list of the ts~a present in site 3,

see Table 81.

Site ~ (150 x 50 feet) is located in a glade area on the

upper mid-slope at an elevation of 900-930 feet ~here the soil

is very rocky and circumneutral (pH 6.9). Trees are fev~ and widely

scattered, consequently the canopy is only 20-~0%. Quercus prinoides

vat. acuminata, ~. rubra, and Ulmus americana are the dominant

trees present, ~hile Cornus florida, Sassafras a!bid~um~, and

Viburnum prunifolium are the leading small tree species. The

remainder of the understory includes Rhus aromatica and Ceanothus

americana, the dominant shrubby taxa, as well as the vines Smilax

bona-nox and Parthenocissus ~__inquefolia which are very abundant

and, as in site 3, form almost impenetrable thickets. The her-

baceous flora is characteristic of open glade forests and the

dominant species are Galium concinn~m, Rudbeckia hirta, ~ilphium

terebinthinaceum, Aster Drealtus, Houstonia ni~ricans, Helio~sis

helianthoid_~es and Panicum boscii. Bryophytes are common, espe-

TABLE 80

283.



Acer saccharum

Asimina triloba




Comus florida


Juglans cinerea ]_6.0


Lindera benzoin ....

Quercus alba 13.0


Q. velutina 3.0


Tilia americana 3.0

Ulmus rubra 3.0

Abundance Class

529.5 -

1.6 3z.6 5

2

2.3 3

21.0 -

6.4 -

15.3 -

12.6 4

2.3 --

2.6 4

3.2 -

1.6 -


Vitis aestivalis

Campsis radicans

Smilax bona-nox

S. tamnoides var. hispida



Herbaceous Species

Asarum canadensis

Senecio obovatus

Agrostis perennans

5+

4

4

4

55

TABLE 82



Acer saccharum


C. tomentosa

Celtis tenuifoiia

C. occidents!is


Cornus florida 23.6

Crataegus sp.

Diospyros virginiana ....


Pinus echinata

Quercus marilandica


q. rubra 12.0

Rhamnus caroliniana

Rhus copallina ....

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus americana 6.0


Shrubs and. Vines

% Com~)ositiondf Basal Area

Abundance Classbf Saplings

2

2.0

I.I

11.2

5~4.9

2

2

!

2

i

I0.7

18.1


2


Smilax bona-nox

Ce~othus ~ericanus

Rhus aromatica

R. radicans

Vitis aestivalis


55

285.

Herbaceous Species


Bidens bipinnata


Cimicifuga racemosa

Eupatorium rugosum

Galium concinnum

G. obtusum

Geum canadensis

Muhlenbergia schreberi

Panicum boscii

Pilea pumila

Polemonium reptans

Sanicula canadensis

Silene stellata

Aster drummondii

Campanula americana

Collinsonia canadensis





Galium circaezans

Oxalis stricta

Passiflora lutea

Perilla frutescens


Salvia lyrata

Polymna canadensis

Solidago ulmifolia


Iresine rhizomatosa

Scrophu!aria marilandica



AI.

Zl.

33

3

33

2

2

2

2

2

2

286.


Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus

Nnium cuspidatum


Entodon seductrix

Substrate

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Abundance Class

TABLE 81

287.


Trees

Acer sacoharum

Bumelia lanuginosa

Carya cordiformis

C. texana

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida 9.7




Quercus alba 12.9


Q. rubra 19.4

Q. velutina 3.2

Rhamnus caroliniana 6.5

Ulmus alata 6.5

RelativeD~ns

3.2

3.2

6.53.2

Composition~asal Ar~a

1.3

1.32.6

2.1

1.3

5.1

23.729.8

19.6

2.9

1.7

4.9



5

3

Smilax bona-nox

S. tamnoides vat. hispida

Campsis radicans



Rhus aromatica

R. radicans

Vitis aestivalis

5+5

288.

Herbaceous Species

Acalypha rhomboidea vat.rhomboidea

Anemone virginiana

Aster praealtus

A. sagittifolius

Bromus purgans

Galium concinnum

Geum canadense

Monarda russeliana

Panicum boscii

Solidago buckleyi

S. drummondii

S. ulmifolia

Uvularia perfoliata

Verbesina virginica


Aster drummondii


Eupatorium rugosum

Euphorbia corollata

Galium obtusum

Gaura biennis


Rudbeckia triloba

Aster anomolus

Desmodium rigidum

Prenanthes altisima

Aster patens

Campanula americana

Euphorbia maculata


Tridens flavus


3

1


Anomodon attenuatus

Hedwigia ciliata

Entodon seductrix

Grimmia pilifera

Substrate

Rocks

Rocks

Soil androcks

Rocks

Abundance Class

289.

290.

cially on the exposed rocks and tl.ee trunks.

species present in site 4, see Table 82.

For a list of the

Site 5 (I00 x I00 feet) is an open forest (canopy 20-30%)

situated just below the ridge at an altitude of 970-990 feet.

Here the soil is rocky and circumneutral (pH 6.9) and the domi-

nant trees are Carya texana, Pinus echinata and ~uercus

including rather large individuals of Pinus echinata (d.b.h. 15

and 16 in.) and Quercus stellata (d.b.h. 17 and 19 in.). The

understory is dominated by the vines Parthenocissus quinquefolia,

Rhus radicans and Smilax bona-nox. The leading herbaceous taxa

are Danthonia s_~_~ata, Potentilla simplex, Tephrosia yirginiana,

Asplenium platyneuron, Aster ~rae~ltus, Liatrus squarrosa,

Parthenium hi~p__idum, Silphium asteriscus, ~. terebinthinaceum

and Solida~o ulmifolia. Exposed rocks are covered by the

abundant growth of the mosses Grimmia pilifera and Hedwi~ia

ciliata. For a list of the species noted in site 5, see Table 83.

Site 6 (tree count only) is located on the narrow ridge

at the summit of the slope (alt. ca. 970-990 feet). The area

of the ridge sampled has a lO° slope to the north and its

soil is eroded, thin, rocky and acid (pH 5.2). Trees are

numerous and form a canopy of 60-80%. The dominant tree species,

Carla texana, Pinus echinata, ~uercus alba, ~. rubra, and ~.

stellata, are characteristic of a pine-hardwood climax (sensu

Steyermark, 1940). The trees are variable in size and with

only one exception, saplings of the dominants are present in

the understory. Cratae6us sp., Comus florida, and Sassafras

albidum are the dominant understory trees, while Vaccinium

vacillans is the most common shrub present. The herbaceous

flora is sparce but does include abundant individuals of the

specie~s Danthonia soic~t_~a, Antennaria planta~i~ifolia, Aster

patens, Nonarda russeliana, Sil~hium terebinthinaceum, and

Tephrosia vir~iniana. Dicranum ~ is the most common

moss present on the rocky soil. For a list of the species

noted in site 6, see Table 8z~.


Nap 27. (SE 34 Sect. 33, T. 31 N., R. 5 W.)

Station 34 is a very steep SE-facing slope and bluff

TABLE 82 (CON’T)

291.

Shrubs and Vines

Rhus glabra

Rubus sp.

Passiflora lutea

Herbaceous Species

Galium concinnum

Rudbeckia hirta


Aster praealtus

Anemone virginiana

Cacalia atriplicifolia

Cirsium altissimum

Coreopsis palmata

Helianthus hirsutus

Heliopsis hel~anthoides

Houstonia nigricans

Lechea sp.

Monarda russeliana

Panicum boscii

Vernonia baldwini

Aster drummondii

Berlandiera texana

Bromus purgans

Elymus virginicus



Oenothera biennis

Tripsaeum dactyloides

Cassia nictitans

Onosmoditun subsetosum

Ruellia peduneulata


2

2

i

555

2

2

1

292.

TABLE 82 (CON’T)


Grimmia apocarpa

Hedwigia ciliata



Leucodon julaceus

Thelia hirtella

Substrate

Rocks

Rocks

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Tree trunks

Bases oftrees

Abundance Class

293.

TABLE 83

Floristic Composition of Station 33, Site 5.number of measurable trees = 15.trees = ll60 sq. in.


Bumelia lanuginosa

Carya texana 20.0

Celtis tenuifolia

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida

Crataegus sp.



Pinus echinata 13.0

Quercus alba


Q. rubra 33.0

Q. stellata 13.0

Q. velutina 7.0

Rhus copallina

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus rubra

Shrubs and Vines


% Composition Abundance Classof Basal Area 0f Saplings

2

3.9 4

2

2

2

32.7 3

2

13.544.0

1.7


2

Rhus radicans

Smilax bona-nox


Rhus aromatica



Vitis aestivalis

Rhus glabra

55+

1

29~.

Herbaceous Species

Danthonia spicata

Potentilla simplex



Aster praelatus

Desmodium sp.

Houstonia nigricans

Lespedeza sp.

Liatrus squarrosa

Parthenium hispidum

Silphium asteriscus

S. terebinthinaceum

Solidago ulmifolia

Coreopsis palmata

Geum canadense

Ratibida pinnata

Solidago nemoralis

Agave virginica

Baptisia leucophaea

Gaura biennis

Liatris cylindracea

Onosmodium subsetosum


Aster drummondii

A. patens


Matelea baldwyniana


Grimmia pilifera

Hedwigia ciliata

Substrate

Rocks

Rocks

Estimate ofA~dance

55

2

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

Abundance Class

5

295.

TABU 84

Floristic Composition of Station 55, Site 6. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 54. Total basal area of alltrees = 3529 °~ in

Trees RelativeDens ity

Carya texana 7.0

Celtis occidentalis

Comus florida 2.0

Crataegus


Jug!ans nigra 2.0

Pinus echinata 17.0

quercus alba 15.0

Q. marilandica 15.0

. prinoides vat. 2.0acuminata

Q. rubr a 6. O

Q. stellata ,~.~.0

~. ve!utina

Sassafras albidum

~hrubo and Vines

O! ",~ Composition Abundance Classof Basal Area of Saplings

i

o.7

!.2 -

1.1 2

20.9 4

L~

3.o17.9


Vaccinium vacillans

Rhus g!abra

Herbaceous S~ecies

Dsnthonia spicata

Antennaria p].antaginifolia

Aster patens

Nonarda russeliana

Si!phitm~ terebinthinaceum


Aster anomalus

A. !inariifolius

5

TABLE 84 (CON’ T )

Herbaceous Species

Baptisia leucophaea

Cassia fasciculata

Coreopsis palmata

Cunila origanoides



Dicranum scoparium

Hedwigia ciliata

Leucobryum glaucum

Substrate

Rocky soil

Rocks

Rocky soil


Abundance Class

296.

297.

near Pulltight Spring and at its base a small spring emerges

from a crevice in the vertical rock and flows directly into the

river. Because of the precipitous nature of this area, the

data for this station was obtained by study with field glasses

from across the river.

The height of this bluff and steep slope is approximately

90 feet and vertical exposures of a cherty dolomite (Eminence

Formation) alternate with very steep and narrow talus slopes.

The tree that appears to be dominant from the base to the s~mmit

is Quercus prinoides vat. acuminata. Tree associates of the

lower slope are Ace_~r saccharinum,A, saccharum, Tilia americanum,

Ulmus rubra, Alnus serrulata, Asimina triloba, Lindera benzoin,

and Platanus occidentalis. On the steep ledges and bluffs of

the mid slope Asimina triloba, Cercis canadensis, Cornus florida,

and C. drummondii are the dominant understory trees. Near the

top on the upper bluffs and ridge Quercus alba, Q. rubra and

Celtis tenuifolia share dominance with Quercus p~inoides var.

acuminata.

The shrub Hydr...angea arborescens is abundant on the mid to

upper slope, especially in crevices of the vertical rocks, while

the vine Vitis aestivalis is abundant throughout the bluffs and

slopes. Along the edge of the river the shrub Ph~socarpus

opulifolius is conspicuous.

The herbaceous flora visible was mostly that ,near the edge

of the river or on the bluffs. Justica .a~. ericana, Ss~z~rus

cernuus, Onoclea sensibilis, Uniola latifolia and Leersia

oryzoides are abundant in or near the river, while Adiantum

capillus-veneris is abundant on the moist vertical rocks above

the spring. On the bluffs and rock ledges Heuchera sp.,

Aquilegi~ canad~sis, Solidago radula and Lobelia siphilitica are

conspicuous. The moss G,ymnostomum sp. forms extensive tufa on

the moist vertical bluffs. For a list of the species noted at

Station 34, see Table 85.

298.

TABU 85


TAXA ABUNDANCE CLASSLower Bluff Mid-Bluff Upper Bluff,and Slope and Slope Slope and Ridge

Trees

Acer saccharinum

A. saccharum

Alnus serrulata

Asimina triloba

Celtis tenuifolia

Cercis canadensis

Comus drummondi

C. florida



Lindera benzoin


Quercus alba


Q. rubra

Tilia americana

Ulmus rubra

Shrubs and Vines




Sy-mphoricarposorbicularis

Vitis aestivalis

3

1

2

3

i

1

2

2

Herbaceous Plants

Adiantum capillus-veneris


5

299 ¯

Herbaceous Plants

¢~ 85 (co~,¢)

and. Slope and. SlopeUpper Bluff,Slop,e and Ridge

Aster lateriflorus

Heuchera sp.

Justicia americana

Leersia oryzoides

Lobelia siphilitica

Onoclea sensibilis

Saururus cernuus

Solidago radula

Uniola latifolia

33

300.


(Sect. 3, T. 30 N., R. 5 W.)

Station 35 is limited to the cleared right-of-w~yalong the

unpaved road leading to Pulltight Spring Campground. The soil

is rocky and supports a weedy herbaceous flora that is, at this

time of year, dominated by the following members of the family

Compositae:

Aster anomalus

~. pilosus

A. drummondii

Erechtites hieracifolia


Eri~eron strigosus

Solidago arguta

S. nemoralis

Other species that are also very conspicuous include Acalypha

virginica, Lobelia inflata and Lespedeza stuevei vat. stuevei.

For a complete list of the plants found at this station, see

Table 86.


Nap 28. (Sect. 20, T. 30 N., R. 4 W.)

Station 36 consists of a single site sample (150 x 50 feet)

in a river bottom forest across from the mouth of the spring

branch of Round Spring. It is on the first terrace, about

lO-12 feet above the Current River (Figure 25). The soil is

well drained, sandy and slightly acid (pH. 6.4).

The dominant trees of this forest are Acer sacchartun, ~uercus

coccinea, Q. prinoides vat. acuminata, Tilia americana, and Ulmus

rubra. These trees, together with Carya cordiformis and Fraxinus

app. form a closed (ca. 80%) canopy. The understory is composed

of numerous small trees of Asimina triloba, Car~inus caroliniana,

Celtis occidentalis, Comus florida,Lindera benzoin, Sassafras

albidum, Viburnum prunifolium and saplings of the crown dominants.

Several vines trail over the undergro~th and up into the crown

of the forest and include Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Campsis

radicals, Rhus radicans, Smilax bona-nox, S. ~amnoide8 var.hispida,

S. herbacea, and Vitis aestivalis.

The herbaceous flora is abundant and forms a luxuriant

301.

TABLE 86



Acalpha virginica

Aster anomalus

A. Pilosus

Erechtites hieracifolia vat.hieracifolia

Lobilia inflata

Aster drummondii


Lespedeza stuevei var.stuevei


S. nemoralis

Agrostis perennans

Desmodium paniculatum

Digitaria ischaemum

Erigeron strigosus

Panicum capillare

Nuhlenbergia frondosa

555

54

4

4

4

4

3

32

302.

0.H

303.

growth on the shaded alluvial soil. The most prominent species

are Carex Sp., Oxalis stricta, Ambrosia .~r~emisiifolia, ~lephanto~us

carolinianus, Eupatorium rugosum, Galium triflorum~ Panicum boscii,

Perilla frutescens, Polygonum s~p., Rudbeckia triloba, Tridens

flavus, and Verbesina spp.

The only three bryophytes recorded for this station are

Anomodon attenuatus, Entodon seductrix, and Leskea ~racilescens.

However, all three are common on fallen logs and the bases and

trunks of trees.

For a list of the plants present in Station 36, see Table 87.


Nap 28. (Sect. 20, T. 20 N., R. 4 W.)

Station 37 is located on the gravel bar adjacent to the

Current River and north of the spring branch of Round Spring~,

Round Spring State Park. A low, very wet part of the bar (site l)

and an old agraded part of the bar (site 2) are included in this

sample.

Site i is a small (ca. 25 x 15 feet) island gravel bar at

the mouth of the sp~ing bran~. The soil is a very wet gravel

mixed with sand that has a pH of 7.0. The entire bar is undoubtedly

subject to frequent flooding as it is less than one foot above the

river. The vegetation of this bar is dense and predominately

herbaceous. However, the woody taxa Salix caroliniana, Populus

deltoides (saplings) and Fraxinus quadrangulata (saplings) are

present. With the exceptions of Nasturtium officinale, ~cirpus

americanus, S. validus vat. creber and Veronica comosa that are

growing mainly in the shallow water at the edge of the bar, the

herbaceous species are scattered throughout the site. For a list of

the plants found in site l, see Table 88.

Site 2 (tree county only) is an old grave! bar (5-8 feet above

the river) that has several open areas alternating with elongated

clusters of trees (Figure 26) and has a soil that is sandy and

slightly alkaline (pH 7.2). Small trees of Salix caroliniana

and Platanus occidentalis are extremely numerous along the edge

of the bar adjacent to the river. Along the spring branch and

30#.

TABLE 87

Floristic Composition of Station 36. Total number ofmeasurable trees = 39. Total basal area of all trees =235# sq. in.


Acer saccharum 18.0

Asimina triloba





Cornus florida


F. pennsylvanica 3.0

Juglans nigra 5.0


Lindera benzoin


Quercus coccinea 3.0

Q. prinoides var. I0.0acuminata

Q. rubra

Sassafras albidum ~.0

Tilia americana 8.0

Ulmus rubra 29.0

Viburnum prunifo!ium

Shrubs and Vines

/o Composition Abundance Class6f Basal Area ok’ Saplings

16.30 #

o. 5~ 56. O0 -

3.30 3

0.83 -2

~.00 #

#.80 -

0.67 -

2

1.60 3

17.60 -

ll.O0 3

#.00

lO.9O18.30

Estimate ofAbhndan6e

333

3


Campsis radicans

Rhus radicans


Vitis aestivalis

5

305.

Shrubs and Vines

Smilax bona-nox


Smilax herbacea

Herbaceous Species

Carex sp.

Oxalis stricta

Ambrosia srtemisiifolia

ElephantoDus carolinianus

Eupatorium rugosum

Galium triflorum

Geum canadense

G. vernum

He!iopsis he~ianthoides

Panicum boscii

Perilla frutescens


P. virginianum

Prunella vulgaris

Rudbeckia triloba

Tridens ~lavus


V. virginica

Anemone virginiana

Bidens bipinnata

Bromus purgans

Collinsonia canadensis


Uniola latifolia

Aster cordifolius

A. lateriflorus

Phyrma !eptostachya

Cinna arundinacea

Estimate ofA~undance

33

306.

Herbaceous Species Estimate o£Abundance

Elymus virginicus

Si] ene stellata


i

i

i


Anomodon attenuatus

Entodon seductrix

Leskea gracilescens

Substrate

Logs and tree trunks



Abundance Class

~07 o

TABLE 88

Floristic Composition of Station 57, Site !.

Tre e S

Fraxinus quadrangulataPopulus deltoides

Salix csroliniana

Abundance Class


Nasturti~ officina!e

Aca!~ha rhombo~dea vat.rhombo~dea

Agrostis alba

A. perennans


Bidens cernua

B. connata

B. frondosa var. frondoss


Helenimm autumnale

Lobelia siphilitica

Polygonum pensylvanicum vat.pensylvanic~m

P. punctstum var. confertifolium

Rumex crispus

ocmrpu.’ americanus

S. va!idus vsr. creber

Setaris g].auca

Veronica commosa

V. crinita

Eupatori~m coe]estin~n

Leersia oryzoides

Lobelia cardinalis

5

4

4

4

4-

4

4

4

308.

old river channels larger trees of Platanus occidentalis and

saplings of Acer negundo are abundant. Small trees of several

species, Cercis canadensis, Gleditsia triacanthos, Juni~erus

vir~iniana, Robmnia pseudoacac~ and Ulmus rubra, occur in the

ooen fields. In addition, the shrub Symphoricarpos orbicularis is

very abundant in these open fields where there is also a luxuriant

growth of weedy herbs that include the following dominant taxa:

Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Panicum oligosanthes, Saponaria officin-

alis, S]?orobolus clandestinus, Artemisia caudata, Centaurea

maculosa, Elymus virginica, Eupatorium rugosum, Lespedeza cuneata,

Mirabilis nyctagines, Scrophularia marilandica, and Vernonia

crinita. In the woods, vines of Rhus radicans and Vitis aestivalis

are very co~on. For a list of all the plants noted in site 2,

see Table 89.

Station 75, Site !-~. (28 September, 1969)

~ao 29. (~% Sect. l?,

Station ~8 is located on a narrow ridge and steep north-

facing slo;De and bluff above the Current River, ca. ~ mile ~est

of Twin Rivers. The rocks present in the soil, as well as those

forming steep vertical bluffs, are a cherty dolomite of the

Eminence Formation.

;Site i (150 x 50 feet) is on the ridge at an elevation of

800 feet, or about 220 feet above the river. The soil is rocky,

covered with a layer of leaf mold, and acid (pH 6.4). ~ canopy

of ?0-80~,~ is fo._me~ by the dominant trees, ~rya texana, Juglans

" a ~" " .~uercus alba, and Q.nmgra, Nyssa sylvatica vat. c. ro=mnmana,

ve~ tmna, Although s fe~.....~ young trees of ~inus echinata are

present, it t~.~ould appear from the relatively closed canopy that

this species ~.~ould not be expected to increase in importance and

that this forest could unquestionably be classified as an oak-

hickory climax type. The understory is dominated by saplings of

the cro~.m dominants and the smal! tree species Cercis canadensis,

Cornus florida, Prunus serotina, and Sassafras albidum. Vines

and shrubs are scattered throughout the area with the most

conspicuous tampa being the vines, Parthenocissus quinquefolia and

Vitis aestivalis, and the small shrub Rhus aromatica. Of the

309.

TABLE 89

FloristJc Composition of Station 57, Site 2.

Trees

Acer negundo

Cercis canadensis


Juglans cinera


Piatanus occidentalis

Robiania pseudo-acacia

Salix caroiiniana

Ulmus rubra

Shrubs and Vines

Abundance Class

5 (Saplings)

1z~ (Saplings)

I (Sapling)

2 (Saplings)

~ (Measurable trees)5 (Saplings)

2 (Saplings)

5+2 (Saplings)


Rhus radicans


Vitis aestivalis

Herbaceous Species

~mbrosia artemisiifolia

Panicum oligosanthes

P. sp.

Saponamia officinalis


A~temisia caudata

Gen~aurea macu]osa

Desmodium sp.

Elymus virginicus


E. rugosum

Lespedeza cuneata

Mirabilis nyctaginea

Oenothera biennis

5+

55+5+5+4

311.

herbaceous species present, the following are the most common:

Galium concinn~a

Carex convoluta

Cimicifu~a racemosa

Desmodium .~iutinosum

D. nudiflorum

~ionarda russeliana

Solida~o caesia

Because the soil is covered by a rather heavy leaf mold, bryo-

phytes are restricted to tree bases and logs. For a list of these

taxa, as ~,~ell as all other plants present in site i, see Table 90.

Site 2 (!50 ~ 50 feet)~located on the upper part of the steep

(ca. 65°), rocky slope at an elevation of 760-7~0 feet, has an acid

(pH 6.0) soil that is, in s~ite of the steepness of the slope,

covered by a thick layer of fallen leaves. The dominant trees,

Carya texana, C. tomentosa, Nyssa sylvatica vat. caroliniana,

(~uercus alba, .%. rubra, and <~. velutina, form a closed canopy ofO!80-90~. Although the understory is dominated by Acer rubrum,

Amelanchier arborea and Cornus florida, it also contains saplings

of most of the dominant trees as well as Acer saccharum. Other

species considered to be abundant are the vines Parthenocissus

quinquefolia, Vitis aestivalis and Rhus radicans, as well as the

shrubs Rhus aromstica and Vaccinium vacillans. The herbaceous

flora is poor in species, but those that are present are, for the

most part, abundant. This is particularly true of the ferns

Polystichum acrostichoides and Adiantum oedatum, and the flowering

herbs oolm~o caesms, Cuni~a origanoides, Desmo~um sop and

Galium spp. Bryo~2hytes are numerous on the rocky soil, rock

surfaces, and bases of trees with the following taxa particularly

conspicuous:

Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus

Bryoandersonia i!lecebra

Hypnum curvifo I

Thuidium de!icatu!um

Au!acomni~ heterostichum

}~i~ affine

~olytrichum ohioense

For a list of the plants present in site 2, see Table 91.

Site~ ~ (150 ~ 50 feet) is at an elevation of 700-730 feet on the

mid-slope area and includes not only steed (ca. 65°) rocky slopes,

but vertical bluffs up to 15 feet high. The soil is extremely

712.

TABLE S9 (OOn’ T)

Herbaceous Species

Oxalis stricta


Polygontml scandens

Rudbeckia triloba


Setaria viridis


Verbena stricta

Vernonia baldwinii

V. crinita

Viola stricta

Artemisia annua

Campanula americana

Chrysopsis pilosa

Echium vulgare

Helianthus hirsutus var.hirsutus

Xanthium pensy!vanicum

Aster pi!osus

A. drummondii

Hystrix patula

Estimate ofA~undanc e

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

2

2

2

313 ¯

TABLE 9o

Floristic Composition of Station ~8, Site I. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 39. Total basal area of alltrees : 2364 sq. in.

Trees RelativeDensi~

Acer rubrum

A. saccharum


Carya texana I0.0


Cornus florida

Fraxinus americana

Juglans cinera 3.0


Lindera benzoin ....


Pinus echinata 8.0

Prunus serotina

quercus alba ~9.0

Q. velutina 12.0

Rhsmnus caroliniana

Sassafras albid~m

U!mus rubra

Vaccinium arboreum

Shrubs and Vines

o!~o Compositionof Basal Area

o.5

9.50.5

6.0

9.6


2

2

2

2

1.2


2

3352

3

Parthenocissus quinquefo!ia

nhuo aromatica

Vitis sestivalis

P~enisoe~mum canadense

Rhus rsdicans

omm~_~x t&~noides vat. hispida

314.

Herbaceous Species

Galium concinnum

Ascyr~ hypericoides

Carex convoluta

Cimicifuga racemosa


D. rotundifoli~m

D. nudiflorum

Nonarda russeliana

Solidago caesia

Aster anomalus

A. patens



Cynoglossum officinale

Oalium obtusum

Panicum boscii

Solida~o hispids

Smilacins racemosa

~o~z~ago ulmi~o!ia

S. buckleyii

Nonotropa uniflora

Prenanthes altissims


5

333

315.

TABLE 9i

Floristi~ Composition of Station 38, Site 2. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 38. Total basal area of alltrees : 2372 sq. in.

Trees RelativeDensitK

Acer rubrum 5.0

A. saccharum

Amelanchier arborea

Carya texana 27.0

C. tomentosa 3.0

Cornus florida 16.0

Fraxinus americana



Quercus alba

q. rubra

Q. velutina

24.0

16.0

p.O

Shrubs and Vines

% Compositionof Basal-Area

19.8

1.6

~. ]_

16.7

17.1

32.16.1

Estimate ofAbun~gnce

Abundance ClassOf Saplings

3

33


Rhus aromatica

Vaccinium vaci!lans

Vitis aestivalis

Rhus radicans

’Herbaceous

Polystichtun acrostichoides

Solid,go cae~ia

Adiantum pedatum

Cunila origanoides

Desmodi~ glutinosum

D. nudiflorum

Ga!ium circsezans

55

,_%

q-

316.

IIerbaceous m.~ecmes Estimate of- ~’bund~n’c e

Ga!ium concinnum

~onarda russeiiana

oolmda~o hispida

Aruncus dioicus

Asplenium rhizophyl!um

Aster anomalus


Smilacina racemosa



Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus


Hypnum curvifolium

~huidium delicatulum

Atrichum angust~tum



Eurhynchium pu!chellumvat. praeco~

~nium affine


Tortella humi!is

Rocks and soil

Rocks and treebases

Rocks and soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soml

Rocky soil

Rocky soil

Rocky soil an8tree bases

Abundance Class

3

3

517.

rocky, covered with a thick layer of leaf mold, and acid (pH 6.0).

The relatively closed canopy, varying from ~0-90%, consists of

a wide variet~ of cro~n dominants, such as Acer saccharum,

Car.2inus carol~inisns C~r~_~ texan~ Fraxinus~.ennsylvanica~ Juglans

cinerea N~v~ss__a_s_$1vatica vat. caroliniana, ._~,4.u_~ercus alba~ Q. rubra,

and Tilia americana. Some of these trees are rather large,

including the following individuals: Ace___r saccharum (21" d.b.h.),

Fraxinus ~Ivani_____c_!_a (19" d.b.h. ), and ~uercus rubra (21" d.b.h. ).

The understory is also diverse, itu~uriantly developed, and dominated

by the follo~ing small tree species:

~elanchier arborea

Asimina triloba

Cercis canadensis

Comus florida

Lindera benzoin

Ostr~a virginiana

Rhamnus caroliniana

Sassafras albidum

In addition to the saplings of both understory trees and crown

dominants, a number of saplings of Ulmus rubra and Carya cordi-

formis are present. Furthermore, the shrub Hydrangea arborescens

is very abundant, gro~ing both on the rocky soil and the bluffs and

the vines, Parthenocissus_~uinquefol~a_~ Rhus radicans~ and Vitis

aestivalis, are very numerous. ~he herbaceous flora is typical

of rich north facing ~oo~ed slopes and the following are the

dominant species of the rocky soil:

Asarum canadensis

Heoatica nobilis vat. acuta

Pol~stich~a acrostichoides

Adiant~.pedatum

Solida~o caesia

Botrychium virginianumCimicifuga racemosa


canadensis

Smilacina racemosa

On the bluff and ledges, the follo~ing herbaceous species are abun-

dant: Cystopteris bulb!fera, Heuchera ouberula and Pellaea

~labella. The bryophytes Anomodon attenuatus~ ~. rostratus,

Leucodon julaceus and Radula andicola are also abundant on

the vertical rocks. For a list of the plants present in site

5, see Table 92.

Site 4 (200 x 25 feet) includes a steep (ca. 70°) talus

slope along the edge of the river and a 50-40 foot vertical

bluff beginnin~ 4~-6 feet above the river. The soil between the

talus boulders is sandy, rocky, and slightly acid (pH 6.8).

TABLE 92


Trees RelativeDensit[

Acer saccharum 4.0

Amelanchier arborea

Asimina triloba


Carya cordiformis

C. texana 15.0

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida 26.0

Fraxinus americana


Juglans cinerea 4.0

Lindera benzoin

Nyssa sy!vatica var.caroliniana

Ostrya virginiana

Quercus alba 4.0


Q. rubra 15.0

Rhamnus carolinisna


Tilia americana 7.0

Ulmus rubra

Shrubs and Vines


O/~o Compositionof Basal Area


17.9

6.8

0.21#.6

2.0

2.6

5.8 2

Estimate ofAbUndance

2



Rhus radicans

Vitis aestivalis


Smilax tsmn~des var. hispida

55

319.

Herbaceous Species

Asarum canadensis

Hepatica acutiloba

Po!ystichum acrostichoides

Adiantum pedatum

Botrychi~m vir~inianum

Cimicifuga racemosa


Galium obtusum

Polymnia canadensis

Smilacina racemosa

Solidago caesia

Thalictrum dioicum

Aspleniu~ platyneuron

Aster cordifolius


Eupatorium rugosum

Geum canadensis


U~laria perfoliata

Bluff


Heuchera puberu!a

Pellaea glabel!a


Aspleni~m rhizophyllum

Aster cordifolius


555

33

~A~ 9~ (CON’S)


Anomodon attenuatus Vertical rocks

A. rostratus Vertical rocks

Aulacomnium heterostichum Rocks and soil


Leucodon julaceus

Radula andicola

Dicranum scoparium

Fissidens cristatus

Mnium affine

Rocks and soil

Vertical rocks

Vertical rocks

Soil

Soil

Rocks and soil

Abundance Class

54

4

4

321.

The canopy is relatively closed with 60-80% of the sky obscured

by leaves and branches of the dominant trees Acer saccharum,

Carpinus caroliniana, ~latanus occidentali~, ~iuercus rubra~_ and

Tilia americana. Lindera benzoin, Asimina trilob__a_a, Staphylea

trifolia and small trees of Carpinus carcliniana dominate the

understory. ~~ arborescens and Rhus radicans are parti-

cularly prevalent on the vertical bluff while both ~. arborescens

and P~s o carpu~ pDoulifolius are very co,on on the talus slope.

A rich assemblage of herbaceous sioecies and bryophytes grow on

the diverse habitats of this site and their abidance ~d habitat

smo~n in ~sble 9~.

Station ~’9, Site 1-3. (28 September, 1969)

~da~ 90. (Sect. 9, T. 29 N., ~. ~ ~.J.)

Station 79 is located on a south~.~est to east facing

rhyolitic knob along the Current River just across from the

mouth of the Jacks Fork River (Fi~ure2~). ~uch of its lower to

mid elevation consists of vertical to steep sloping exposures of

felsite (Figures 28 and 30), while near the summit, extensive

areas are occupied by large angular felsite boulders (Figure 29).

The soil occurring on ledges and in crevices, is poorly developed

and acid (pH 4.6-~.6).

Site i (I00 x i00 feet) is located just below the summit~ 0at an elevation of ~0-~%6 feet and slopes about z~O~ to the

southwest. Trees are ~.~idely scattered and form a canopy of only

about 20~ (Figure 29). The dominant tree species are Carya

te~,:ana, ~_ercus stellata, and ~. velutina. Other tree associates

include marilandica, ~. alba, Ulmus rubra, U. alata, Celtis

tenuifolia, Cercis canadensis, Juniperus virginiana and small

saplings of Pinus echinata. All of the trees present in this

site ap<pear to be d<~arfed with scrubby and t~isted branches and

small, thick leaves Vaccinium~ vacillans and Rhus aromaom~a

are the leading shrubs. 9~e~.~ species of herbaceous plants grow

in the severe environment of this site, but those that d~ produce

a rather complete ground cover. Of particular importance in this

respect is the grass Andropogon scoparius, and the fern Cheilanthes

322.

TABIS 9~

Floristic Composition of Station 38, Site 4. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 3?. Total basal area of alltrees : 3235 sq. in.


Acer negundo

A. saccharinum 3.0

A. sacchartun 24.0

Asimina triloba

Carpinus caroliniana ~=,~.0

Cornus florida 8.0


Lindera benzoin

Nyssa sylvatica vat. 3.0caroliniana


Platsnus occidentalis 5.0

Quercus rubra 7.0

Staphylea trifo!ia


Ulmus rubra 5.0


2

1.6 -

23.9 3

5.9 42.1 -

o.9 3

0. z~. 2

0.9

i0.0

2O.5

26.2

?.9

ohruoo and Vines Estimate ofAbundance



Rhus rsdicans

Herbaceous S~ecies

Ta.~us S!o~e

Adiant~.m~ pedatum


Polymnia canadensis


Senecio aureus

Solida~o flexicaulis

5

555555

323.

T’ABLE 93 (CON’T)~,

Herbaceous S?ecies Estimate o£.... Abundance

ThaZictrum revo lutum

Agrimonia rostelZata

Asarum canadensis

Asplenium ruta-muraria var.cry~2tolepis

Aster cordifoiius

A. sagittifolius

Eupatorium rugosum

Hepatica acutiloba

Solids~o csesia

Brachye lytrum erectum

Cinna arundinacea

T~Iymus.~ vir~inicus

Athyrium pycnocarpon

Vertical Bluff

54

4

4


Heucher8 puberuls

~ellaea atropurl)urea

So~idsgo drummondii

Aralia racemosa

55

Edge of Water


Justicia americana

oaruruo cernuus


Anomodon attenustus

Bryoandersonia il~cebrs

Forsstroemiatrichomitria Tree trunksvar. immersa

Brschythecium o~ycladon

Fissidens cristatus

Plagiochila asoleno~des

oubotrate

Vertical dolomite

Rocks and soil

ool~_ and rocks

Soil and rocks

Soil and. rocks

554

Abundance Class

5+

4

325.

lanosa (Figure 29). The mosses Hedwigia ciliata and Grimmia

pilifera are abundant on rock surfaces, while the lichen Usnea sD.

is abundant on branches of trees, particularly Ulmus alata and

Celtis tenuifolia. For a list of the taxa present in site i,

see ~able 94.

Site 2 (150 x 50 feet) is just below the summit of the hill at

an elevation of 780-800 feet where it slopes ca. 45° to the south-

east. The soil is light, covered with a thick layer of humus and

acid (pH 5.0). In addition, small boulders of felsite are common

over the surface. A closed canopy (90%) is formed by the dominant

trees Carya te~ana, Pinus echinata, ~uercus alba, Q. rubra, and

Q. velutina. A dense understory of small trees and saplings is

produced by the following species: Carya texana, Amelanchier

arborea, Celtis ¢,ccidenta!is, Quercus sop., Sassafras albidum,

and Ulmus spD. Rhus aromatica and Parthenocissus quinquefolia

are the leading shrub and vine species. The herbaceous plants

and bryophytes recorded for this area are £ew, which is probably

a result of the combination of a closed canopy and a thick humus

layer over the soil. For a list of l~lants present in site 2,

see Table 9~.

Site 3 (150 x 50 feet) is on the steep (~0~) southwest

facing mid-slope area at an elevation of ~00-~30 feet. This

site includes not only broad areas of surface felsite (Figure ~0),

but several areas of vertical to near vertical exposures of

angular blocks of this rock (Figure 28). Soil is scant, very

acid (pH 4.6) and present only on small ledges or in rock cre-

vices. The leading tree species, Carya te~ana, Quercus mari -

~ndica, and Ulmus alata~ are widely scattered, causing the canopy

to be very open (~i0~$). Saplings of the leading trees, as

well as the small tree species Bumelia lanuginosa, Celtis occi-

dentalis and Juniperus virginiana are very common throughout the

site. The shrub Rhus aromatica and the vines Smila~ bona-nox

and Rhus radicans form a fe~ scattered thickets. ~he thin, open

soil is covered by a herbaceous flora that is dominated by the

soecies Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Andropogon scoparius, and

Cheilanthes lanosa (Figures 28 and ~0), while the exposed rocks

are covered by a dense gro~..~th of the moss species Grimmia

TABLE

~ " ~q Site I TotalFloristic ~ompos~.tion of Station Dr, ¯number of measura!be trees = 27. Total basal area of alltrees : i00~ sq. in.


Carya texana

Celtis tenuifolia

Cercis cana~.ensis


~)inus echinata

quercus alba

Q. marilandica 4.0

Q. rubra

~ stellats 15 0

Q. ve~utina 19.0

Ulmus a~ata ~.0

U. rubra

Shrubs and Vines

Com~position Abundance ClassBa~al ~rea of Saplings

28..5 ~-2

2

2

5.8 2~.8 5

I

18.9 ..537.9 -

5.1 3

Estimate o~Abundance

Vacc initum vacil_~.ans

Rhus aromatica

Smilax bona-nox

Farthenocissus quinquefolia

Vitis aestivalis

~hus giabra

R. radicans

Rubus sp.

Herbaceous Soecies

Andro.po gon scoparius

Cheilanthes !anosa

Solidago buck~cyi

Aster patens

Heiianthus hirsutus var.t~achyohyl mu~

5

2

2

2

5+

5+5+55

327.

~A~L~ 9~ (CO~’ ~)

Herbaceous S~ecies

Galium obtusum

Lespedeza cuneata

Aster anomalus

A. patens vat. patentissimus

Cyperus refractus

No~oscordum bivale

Bryoph~tes~ ~ and Lichens

Grimmia pi!ifera

Hedwigia ciliata

Usnea sp.

Substrste

Rocks

Rocks

Trees


3

33l

Abundance Class

55

Floristic Composition of Station 39, Site 2. Totalntunber of measurable trees = 21. Total basal area of alltrees : 1498 sq. in.


Amelanchier arborea

Carya texana 29.8

Celtis occidentalis

Comus florida

Morus rubra

Pinus echinata 19.1

Quercus a!ba

Q. marilandica


Q. rubra 4.8

Q. stellata ~.8

Q. velutina ~.}

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus alata

U. rubra

Shrubs and Vines


12.1

Abundance Classof S&plings

2

52

2

I

I

I

9.4

~3 2


2

2

Rhus aromatica


Rubus sp.

Smilax bona-nox

Rhus copallina

Herbaceous Si)ecies


Galium obtusum

Lespedeza cuneata

Solidago buckleyi

5

329.

TABLE 99 (CON’T)



Aster anomalis


Hedwigia ciliata

Platygyrium repens

Thelia asprella

Entodon seductrix

Leucobryum glauc~m

Thelia hirtella

Th~idium recognitum

Substrate

Rocks

Decaying logs

Rocky soil

Decaying logs

Rocky soil

Tree bases

Rocky soil

3

Abundance Class

3

333

laevisata and Hedwi~ia ciliata. On moist soil ledges and

crevices the following mosses are common: Aulacomnium palustre,

Entodon seductr~, and Br~~ canillare. For a list of the plants

noted in site 3, see Table 96.

Station 40, .Sites 1-2. (4 October, 1969)

Hap 31. (SW % Sect. I0, T. 29 N., R.

Station 40 is located in a river bottom forest below Junction

Ferry on the second terrace above the Current River. The

elevation is approximately 585 feet. The soil in both sites

is slightly alkaline (pH 7.2).

Site i (i~0 ~ ~0 feet) is relatively open for only 20-30%

of the sky is obscured by leaves and branches of the dominant

trees Acer ne~undo, Carya cordiformis, Ce!tis occidentalis,

Quercus macrocarna, ~. rubra, and Gleditsia ~riacanthos With the

exception of one small tree of Quercus macrocarpa (d.b.h. 7"), all

of the dominant trees exceed 12" d.b.h, and several exceed a

d.b.h, of 20". The leading understory trees are Asimina triloba and

saplings of U!mus rubra (~moure 32). Vines and shrubs are very

abundant and often form almost impenetrable thickets. The

herbaceous flora is rich in ~...~eedy species and many are very

numerous in open areas (Figure ~I), particularly the following:

Zlephantopus carolinianus

Acal~pha virginiana

Iresine rhizomstosa

Leersia virginica

~uhlenDergia frondosa

Perilla frutescens

~olygonum punct atum

Ratibida pinnata


~F. helianthoides

Hacke!ia virginiana

Polygonum scandens

Bryophytes are abundant on fallen logs and tree trunks.

a list of the p~ants present in site i, see Table 97.

~or

Site 2 (150 x 50 feet) has a canopy of about 50~ that is

formed by the dominant tree species Acer saccharum, Carya cordi-

formis, Fraxinus americana, ~. pennsylvanica, ~uercus rubra, and

Ulmus rubra. Saplings of Ulmus rubra and Celtis occidentalis and

small trees of Asimina triloba dominate the understory. As in

331.

TABLE 96

Floristic Composition of Station 39, Sitenumber of measurable trees = 19.trees = 432 sq. in.

Trees Relative

Bumelia lanuo~inosa

Carya texana 42.1

Celtis occidentalis


qu~rcus marilandica 26.3

06.Ulmus alata ~.J 8

Shrubs and Vines

Tota!Total basal area of all

o Composltmono~f Bas~l Area

~]_.0

2.920.8

35.6

Abundance Classof sapl’ings

2

5

Estimate ofAbundanCe

Rhus aromatica

Smilax bona-nox

Rhus radicans

5

Herbaceous ~ = "~ o~)~oles



Cheilanthes lanosa

Helianthus hirsutus vat.trachyphyllus

Oxalis violacea

Acalypha gracilescens var.monooocca

Aristida dichotoma vsr.dichotoma

Polygonum tenue

So!idago buckleyi

Uniola latifo~ia

Ascyrum hypericoides

CrotonoDsis elliptica

Lespedeza cuneata

5+5+5

5

/-I

CON’

Herbaceous Snecies Estimate ofAbundsnce

2

i

i

LeucodonPo!ystich~m ohioensc


Rocks 5+

Rock cpe~rice s 4

Soil crevices a

oozi and rocks z~Vertical pock 4

faces

vertical rocks

IIIIII

334.

Floristic Comnosition of Station 40, ~_te I. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 15. Total basal area of alltrees = 2614 sq. in.


Acer negundo 7~

kescuius glabra or.3

Asimina triloba


Ceitis occidents]is


Ju~lans nigra 6 z

Ptelia trifoliata

uercus ~aorocal’:~a. ~_,~. ~

~. rubra 6.3

Ulmus rubrs ~.~

and Vines

~ Composition Abundance ClassOf B~sgl-Xr~a of Saplings

14.9 2

o.5 15+

~.8 I

28.1 34.3 2

1.4 2

I0.z I

12.0 -

2 2.4


~arthenocissus quinquefo!ia

Rhus radicans

Smilax bona-nox

Symphoricaroos orbicularis

Vitis aestivalis

Ss~bucus canadensis

55555

5

55

5+5+

coN’ ¢)

Herbaceous ~Z?ecies Estimate ofAbundance

Ratibida pinnata

Verbesins slternifolia

V. he]ianthoides

Bidens bi2innsta


Dicliptera brachiata

Eupatoritml coelestinum

Hackelia virginiana

Oxalis stricta

Poly~on~ scandens

P. virginianum


Ambrosia artemisii£olia

Aster simplex vat. interior

Bidens £rondosa

Cinna arundinacea

Cuphaea perfoliata

Cuscuta compactum

El~7~mus virginicus

Laportes canadensis

Oenothera biennis

~aspalum ciliatifolium

Rudbeckia £ulgida

Sicyos angu~lata

Verbesina virginica

Viola striata



Aster sagittifolius

Solida~o alt~.ssima

Bryo~h~tes and Lichens

Anomodon attenuatus

Entodon seductrix


Platygyrium repens

Substrate

Bases of trees

Log s

Tree trunks

Logs

555

2

2

i

I

Abundance Class

336.

site i, vines are very abundant and extend up into the forest

cro~. In some cases, these vines are quite large, as is

exemplified by one htem of Vitis aestivalis which was measured

to be 6 in. d.b.h. ~he herbaceous flora is luxuriant and

similar in composition to site I. For a list of the plants

noted in site 2, see Table 98.

otatlon~ " 41, ~3ite 1-7. (% October, 1969)

Hap 32. (NW)~’~ Sect. 16, T. 29 N., R. 2 W.)

Station 41 includes a number of different habitats along

the east bank of the Current River just below Power Nill Ferry.

In this area there is a narror band. of woods along the river,

a broad open field, and a very steep and high southwest facing

wooded slope (Eigure ~) on which occur a n~nber of bluffs

composed of a cherty dolomite (Eminence Formation).

Site I (150 x 50 feet) is located on a talus slope (ca. 20~)

at the base of a mm~l rhich occurs at an elevation of ~80-590

feet Here the soil ms ro~y and alkaline (pH 9 4) and the forest

is largely composed of river bottom taxa including the dominant

species Acer ne~/_nd___9_o, ~. saccharum, Celtis occidentalis, Platanus

occidenta!i~, and U!mus rubra. These trees along with those of

Juglsns n~ra, ~ra~mn s americana, ~uercus prinoides var.

acuminata, rubra, and Tilia americana ~form a closed canopy of

about ~O~. The lead.in~ und.erstor~ trees are Asimina triloba and

Lindera benzoin and the woody ~ass species A~undins~ia

~_~antea is very abundant. In spite of dense shade, the

herbaceous flora is diverse ~ith the following species most

Asolenium plat~uron

Bidens bioinnata

B. frondosa

Bromus ~u~

Nupatori~n ru~osum

Unio!a iatifolia

Verbesina alternifo!ia


Trees RelativeD~n~it~

Aoer negundo

A. saccharum 5.5

Asimina triloba 5.5



Celtis occidentalis

Frsxinus americana ii.i



Lindera benzoin

Ptelia trifoliata

Quercus macrocarpa 5.5

Q. rubra 5.5

Ulmus rubra 55.5

Shrubs and Vines

% Composition Abundance Classof Basal Area o.f ]Saplings

2

4.3 -

o.7 5+

-

5ll.2 -

17.1 -1

2.1 -

lO.9 -

45.3 4

Estimate ofAbUndance


Vitis aestivalis

Rhus radicans



Smilax bona-nox

Dirca palustris

Herbaceous Species

Bidens frondosa

Carex sp.


55

2

i

555+

Herbaceous Species

Leersia virginica

Pilea pumila

Perilla frutescens

Polygonum punctatum

Rudbeckia laciniata

Viola striata

Acalypha virginiana


Bidens bipinata

C~apanula americana


Eupatorium rugosum

Hackelia virginiana

Iresine rhizomatosa

Laportea canadensis


Oenothera biennis

Oxalis stricta

Polygonum scandens

P. virginianum

Rudbeckia

Verbesina ~ternifolis

Aster simplex

Cassia marilandica


Cinna arundinacea

Elymus virginicus

Sanicula canadensis


Agastache nepetoides

Ag~ostis perennans

Chenopodium bushianum


55+5+555

2

2

339.

Herbac e_~ous Sj2ecies

Cuscuta compacta

Geum canadense


Sicyos angularis

Verbena urtici£olia

~ryophytes and Lichens

Anomodon minor

Substrate

Tree trunks

Estimate of........ A~hndan~e

2

I

I

I

Abundance Class

3q-O.

/ /

Nap 32. Station ~i, Sites i - 7-

341.

~dosses are corms.on on the exposed rocks and on tree trunks.

a list of ~he ta~:a noted in site I, see Table 99.

Site 2 (tree oount only) includes vertical dolomitic bluffs

and ledges at an elevation of ca. 650-700 feet. Few trees (six

in all) are of measurable size in a distance of about I00 feet

along the bluff and consequently the canopy is relatively open

(~0-60~). The only taxa of trees ~,~ith measurable individuals

are Acer saccharum, C_~ar_~ cordiformis, Cornus drummondii, Juni-

perus vir~iniana and ~uercus orinoides var. acuminata. The sparse

understory of smaller trees includes the species Asimina triloba,

Cercis canadensis, Euon~f!~~ ~~e__!a and Lindera benzoin.

Vines are abundant to very abundant with Vitis aestivalis, Rhus

radicans, and ~arthenocissus cuinou~f_~olia_____.oarticularly conspicuous on

the vertical rocks of the bluff. A diversity of herbaceous plants

is supported by the many micro-habitats found along this bluff.

For ex~p~e, Parietaria pensylva__n~i__c_~a, is restricted to the shaded

soil beneath overhanging ledges while the following species are.

best developed on the vertical rock faces:A_!~_i~e~_a° c anadens i s

A_~s~_l_e n i~ olat2-neuron

A. ruta-mmraria vat.

Cheilanthes feel


Heuchera ouberula

Pellaea glabella

Houstonia nigricans

Houstonia ni~ricans

Still other herbs, such as Solidago drummondii, S. juncea and

Brickellia grandiflora, gro~ more abundantly on rock ledges. The

mosses Anomodon attenuatus and A. rostratus are abundant on rocks

and/or tree trunks. For a list of the plants noted in site 2,

see Table i00.

Site ~ (tree count only) is located on a steep (ca.

rocky slope bordered belo~ and above by bluffs. This site covers

an area varying in width from 20-}0 feet over s distance of

approximately 150 feet. The elevation is approximately 750-780

feet and the soi!_ is thin, rocky, and alkaline (pH 7.}). A

canopy of 70-$O~g is composed of the forest dominants Acer saccharum)

T±BIS 99

Floristic Composition of Station 41, Site i. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 52. ~otal basal area of alltrees = 5191. sq. in.

~rees

Acer negundo

A. saccharum

Asimina triloba

Celtis occidentalis

Fraxinus americana


Juglans nigra

Lindera benzoin


Quercus prinoides var.acuminata

Q. rubra

Tilia americana

Ulmus rubra

Relative ~ Comi~ositionD e n s i t y~. "@-f--B~ ~ a~a~- ~’g

?L9.2 15.8

9-6 ~~. ~

1.9 o.3z~z~. 2 31. ~

z.9 1.8

1.9 1.11.9 1.8

5.8 i0.~

3.9 6.~

1.9 11.91.9 2.2

~.9 12.9


Abundanc_~e Class

Arundinaria gigantea


Herbaceous Species


Galium triflorum

~ilea pumila

Pirella frutescens

Poly@onum punctat~

P. virginianttm

Asplenitm~ resiliens

Aster simplex var. interior

5+

555555

TABT~T~, 99 (CON’ T)


Bidens bipinnata

B. frondosa

Bromus purgans

Cuscuta compacta

Eupatorium rugosum

Geum canadense


Tradescantia virginiana

Uniola latifolia

Verbesina alterni£olia

Viola striata

Cimicifuga racemosa

Dicl~tera brachiata

Brickellia grandi£olia

Solanum nigrum

Solidago drummondii

S. jancea

Physalis pubescens

Br~ophytes and Lichens

Anomodon attenuatus

Entodon seductrix

Plagiothecium geophilum

Schwetschkeopsis fabronia

Substrate

Rocks

Rocks and logs

Rocks

Tree bases

2

2

2

2

1

Abundance Class

5

TABLE I00



Trees Relative % Compps,ition~ensit~ 0f Basal Area

Acer saccharum 16.7

Asimina triloba


Celtis occidentalis

Cercis canadensis

Cornus drummondi 16.7


Euonymousatropurpureus

Fraxinus americana


Lindera benzoin

Nyssa sylvatlca var.caroliniana


Ulmus rubra

Shrubs and Vines

Abundance Classof Saplings~

z9.8 -3

ii.I -

2

2

5.1 -

2

15.4 -

2

48.6 2


Rhus radicans




Rhus aromatica

Smilax bona-nox

S. tamno~es var. hispida


Vitis aestivalis

Rosa sp.

54

4

4

4

4

4

4

2

~BLE i00 (CON’T)





A. ruta-muraria vat.cryptolepis

A. rhizgphyllum

Brickel!ia ~randi£1ora

Bromus purgans

Cheilanthes feei


Elymus virginicus

Galium concinn~m

Heuchera puberula

Houstonia nigricans

Hystriz patula

Muhienbergia sobolifera

Oxalis stricta

Pellaea glabella

Solidago drummondii

Arctium minus

Eupatorium rugosum

Polymnia cm~adensis

Solidago juncea


Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus

Substrate

Rocks andtree trunks

Rocks

5

33

Abundance Class

~uercus p_~inoides var. ac~minata and rubr~, as well as

other less common associates such ss Frsxinus americana and

Juniperus virginia-s. The leading understory~trees are Bumelia

lanu~inosa, Cornus florida and Viburnum prunifolium. The shrubs

Rhus aromatica, H_Z~~~ arborescens and S_z~phoricarpos orbicu-

laris and the vines Rhus radicans, Smilax bona-nox and Vitis

aestivalis are abundant to very abundant. The herbaceous flora

includes a number of bluff and ledge inhabiting species, parti-

cularly on the vertical rocks along the upper border of this

site. These are ~ellaea ~_l~la, ~_~e_e~ canadensis,

Cheilanthes feei C sto~teris bulbifera, Heuchera ouberula

Bricke!lia Erandiflora and Solida~o buckle~i ~iosses are

abundant, particularly on the rocks of the bluff or on the trunks

of the trees. Eor a list of these mosses as well as other plants

noted in site ], see ~able i01.

Site 4 (tree count only) includes a narrow band of woods

between the open field and the river. ~he soil is very rocky,

slightly alkaline (pH ~.2), and, since its elevation is only 3 to

4 feet above the level of the river~ subject to frequent flooding.

In all probability, this band of woods is a remnant of a more

extensive bottomland forest; therefore, its composition is of

particular interest since it ~,zould be suggestive of what an

undisturbed, bottomland forest along this portion of the Current

River was like. A cano0y of 60~ is formed by the dominant trees

Betula nigra, Platanus occidentalis, ~qpU!_~! deltoides, Quercus

rubr___~a, and Ulmus rubra, as ~-~eil as other tree associates such as

Acer negundg, ~. saccharinum, Ca_q~ cordiformis, Fraxinus spp.

and Gleditsia triacanthos. Arundinaria $igantea, the shrub

Symphoricarpos orbicu!aris and the vines Campsis radicans,

Parthenocissus quinquefolia, ]ilhus radicans and Vitis aestivalis

are abundant understory species. The herbaceous flora is diverse

and. composed largely of lowland taxa. For a list of these species

as well as other olants present in site z~ see Table 102

Site 5 (estimate of abundance only) is a large (ca. 5 acres)

open field that is evidently frequently mowed. The sandy soil is

slightly alkaline (pH ~.2) and supports a ~,~ide variety of weedy

taxa, the most prominent being Ambrosia artemisii~l~a~ ..~i~itaria

347.

TABLE i01


Trees RelativeD,ensit~

Acer saccharum 25.6


Carya cordiformis

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida

Fraxinus americaua

Juglans nigra 2.6


Ostrya virginiana


Q. rubra 7.7

Ulmus rubra

Viburnum prunifolium 2.6

Shrubs and Vines


% Composition Abundance ClassOf Basal Area 0f Saplings

17.8 4

5.9 ~I

2

0.8 i

9.9 2

5o.4 3

12.7

0.8


2

Rhus aromatica

R. radicans

Smilax bona-nox



Vitis aestivalis

Dioscorea villosa

Rosa sp.

Passiflora lutea

5

5

l

Herbaceous o~ecles

Carex sp.

Pellaea glabella

55

TABU i01 (CON’T)

Herbaceous Species Estimate c~Abundance

Solidago ulmi£olia




Brickellia grandiflora

Bromus purgans

Cheilanthes £eei

Cystopteris £ragilis

Galium concinuum

Heuchera puberula

~luhlenbergia soboli£era

Solidago buckleyii

Uniola lati£olia

Cirsium altissimum

Panicum microcarpum

Brypphytes and Lichens

Anomodon attenuatus

Gymnostomum sp.

~ntodon seductrix


Grimmia apocarpa


Leucodon julaceus

Substrate

Rocks

Vertical rocks

Logs and treebases

Crevices ofrocks

Rocks~ree trunks

Tree~ trunks

5

Abundance Class

55

3~9.

TABLE 102

Floristic Composition of Station 41, Site ~. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 72. Total basal area of alltrees = 12058 sq. in.

Acer negundo

A. saccharinum

A. saccharum

Betula nigra

Bumelia lanuginosa


Carya cordiformis I.~


Comus drummondii





Populus deltoides 2.8

Quercus macrocarpa 8.3

Q. rubra 6.9

Salix caroliniana

Ulmus rubra 40.5

RelativeDens it[

4.2

1.4

1.4

12.5

Shrubs and Vines


2.9 -

ll.3 32

o.2 31.9 -

2

2.9 -

1.6 -

9.9 2

16.4 314.2 -

3.2 -

10.3 -

2

22.3 -



Campsis radicans


Rhus radicans


Vitis aestivalis

Smilax bona-nox

5


Smilax ta~noides vat.hispida


Herbaceous Species

Leersia virginica

Plantago cordata


Aster simplex vat. interior

Bidens discoidea

Chenopodium albidum


Euphorbia dentata

Eupatorium rugosum

Geum canadense

Impatiens sp.

Lepidum densif!orum


Tridens f!avus

Vernonia crinita

Acalypha gracilescens

Desmodium rigidum



Iresine rhizomatosa

Perilla £rutescens

Polygonum punctatum

P. virginianum

Rudbeckia fulgida

Sorghum ha~epense

Echium vulgare

Elusine indicaEragrostis capillarisPanicum gattingeriPhlox paniculat a


55

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

350.

351.

ischimum, Pa_!p_p_91__~ ciliatifo!i~u~, So!anum carolinianum and

Tridens fla~s. For a list of the remainder of the plants

growing in this field, see Table 103.

Site 6 (150 x 50 feet) is on a 30° slope at an elevation

of 820-8z~0 feet where an open (canopy ca. 20%), glade-like forest

is growing. Surface exposures of dolomite are common and the

soil is thin, eroded, rocky and acid (pH 6.L~). Carya texana and

Quercus stellata are the dominant trees. Saplings of these

trees as well as Ulmus alata and .~uercus marilandica are very

abundant. The common small tree species present are Comus

florida, Diospyros virginiana, Juniperus virginiana, Sassafras

albidum and Viburnum prunifolium. The shrub flora is made up

largely of species that are typically found on upland acid soils,

such as Rhus aromatica, Symphoricarp~s orbicularis and Ceanothus

~nericanus. The rich herbaceous flora, dominated by Silphium

terebinthinaci~, Te~ohrosia virginiana, Andropogon gerardi,

Bouteloua curtipendula and Elymus virginicus, is characteristic

of open glade sites. For a list of the plants present in site 6,

see Table I0~.

Site 7 (i00 x !00 feet), a gently sloping (ca. i0-15~) area,

is located on the upper slope at an elevation of approximately 900

feet~ with a soil that is very rocky, covered by a thick layer

of leaves, and acid (pH 5.8). The forest is made up of relatively

young, even aged trees that form a canopy of ~0-80~. ~he dominant

trees are Carya ovata, C. texana, Fraxinus americana, Quercus

alba, and Q. velutina. Saplings of all of these tre~s, as well

as Ostrya virginiana and U!mus alata, are abundant or, in the case

of Quercus velutina, very abundant. Shrubs and vines are poorly

developed in the understory and herbs and mosses are scattered

and few in species. For a list of the plants noted in site ~,

see Table 105.

Station 42, Sites 1-2 (4 October, 1969)

~dap )~. (NU)~ Sect. 16, T. 29 N., R. 2

Station ~2 is located on a NE-facing slope and ridge above

352.

TABLE !03


Herbaceous Species

Ambrosia artemisiifoiia

Digitaria ischaemum

Paspalum ciliatifo!ium

Solanum caro!i~ense

Acalypha virgin±ca

~u~eranthus hybridus

Chenopod i%m~ albid~

C~erus escu]..entus

Lespedeza striata

Hirabilis nycts6inea

Oxalis stricta

Perilla frutescens

Polygon~ aricu~_are

P. pensylvanic~

Romex sp.

Taraxac~ officinale

~temisia annua

Euphorbia macu!ata

H~ ~e~l~ ~ar~

Portulaca oleracea

Po lygon~ ere ct~

P..2uuc t ~ t~

Ipome a hederacea

Sida spinosa

Trifoli~ repens


5

5

3

32

2

2

TABLE 104


Trees RelativeDensitZ

Carya cordiformis

C. texana 22.8

Cornus florida



Ostrya virginiana

Pinus echinata

Quercus marilandica


Q. rubra 4.6

Q. stellata 59.1

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus alata 9.1


Shrubs and Vines

% Compositionof Basil Areh

17.9

0.7

o.775.5

5.4

Abundance Classof Saplings_

2

5+3

2

5+


2

5+

5+

Rhus aromatica



Smilax bona-nox

Vitis aestivalis

Rosa sp.

Smilax ~lauca

Herbaceous Species



Andropogon gerardi

55

2

55

354.

(con’

Herbaceous Species

Aster praelatus


Coreopsis palmata

Elymus virginicus


Eupatorium altissimus

Euphorbia corollata

Houstonia nigricans


Panicum virgatum

Rudbbckia hirta

Solidago nemoralis

Tridens flavus

Allium stellatum

Aster patens


Liatris cylindracea

Parthenium hispidum

Petalostemon sp.

Anemone virginiana

Aster anomalus

Gaura biennis

Lespedeza hirta

Solidago buckleyii

S. ulmi£olia

Sorghastrum nutans

Vernonia baldwini

Rhynchospora sp.

Solidago altissima


Hedwigia ciliata

Atrichum angustatum

Grimmia pilifera

Substrate

Rocks

Soil

Rocks


4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

Abundance Class

355.

TABL~ lO5



Carya ovata 12.5

C. texana 27.5

Cercis canadensis


Juglans nigra 2.5


Norus rubra

Ostrya virginiana

Quercus alba 22.5

Q. rubra 5.0

Q. stellata 5.0

Q. velutina 12.5

Ulmus alata

U. rubra

Shrubs and Vines

o!~ Composition Abundance Classof Basal Area of Sapi~’ngs

5.325.1

7.1-1

1

14.4

22.6 3

14.7 -6.5 5+

1


Rosa sp.

Smilax bona-nox

Vitis aestivalis

Herbaceous S~)ecies


Desmodium sp.

Honarda russeliana

uhlenbergia sobolifera

Panicum boscii

Rudbeckia hirta

Solidago ulmifolia

Galium circaezans

Parthenium hispidum

q-

4

356.

T~S 105 (00~’ T)


Leucodon julacea

Hedwigia ciliata

Thelia asprella

Entodon seductrix

Substrate

Tree bases

Rocks

Tree bases

Logs

Abundance Class

}59.

TABLE 106

Floristic Composition of Station 42, Site i. Totalnumber of measurable trees = ‘i#9. Total basal area of alltrees : 2167 sq. in.

Trees Relative % CompositionDensity Of Bahai Area

Acer saccharum 2.0

Asimina triloba


C. texana L~2.9

C. tomentosa 6.1


Comus florida 6.1

Fraxinus americana

Ju~lans ni~ra 4.1


Lindera benzoin

Norus rubra

Quercus alba 10.2

Q. rubra 10.2

Q. velutina 2.1

Rhamnus caroliniana

Sassafras albidum

Tilia americana 2.1

Abundance Class,Of Saplings

-

2.6 -

~L~. 8 2

7.} 42.1 -

}.o 4

7.6 2

1

16.2 -

24.0 4

0.6 -

0.6 -



Vitis aestivalis

Herbaceous Species

Agrimonia l~be s c ens


Cimici£uga racemosa


D. marilandicum

5

Herbaceous S~ecies


D. rotundifolium


Galium concinnum

Monarda russeliana

Panicum boscii

Smilacina racemosa

Aster anomalus


Atrichum angustatu~m

Thelia asprel!a

Substrate

Soil

Tree bases


Abundance Class

360.

lO7

}61.

Floristic Composition of Station 42, Site 2.number of measurable trees = 90.trees = 3~82 sq. in.


Acer rubrum

A. saccharum

Asimina triloba

Carya texana

C. tomentosa 16.7

Comus florida i0.0

Juglans cinera

Juniperus vir~inisna


0strya virginiana

Quercus alba 20.0

Q. rubra 13.3

Rhamnus caroliniana

Sassafras albidum

Shrubs and Vines


Com~ositionBasal ires

q-. 5

10.4

1.3

0.6

12.0


2

i

Estimate ofAbuhdance



Vitis aestivalis

Herbaceous S~ecies

De smoditum nudiflorum

D. g!utinosum

Adianttum pedatum

Gal i~m circaezans

Po!ystichum acrostichoides

Solidago caesis


5+

5+

L~

~62.

Herbaceous Species

Galium triflorum

Smilacina racemosa




Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus

Atrichum angustatum


Brachytheci~m oxycladon

Eurhynchium pulchellumvat. praecox

Hnium cuspidatum

Eurhynchium serrulat~m

Polytrich~m ohioense

Substrate

Rocks andtree bases

Rocks

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

Tree bases

Soil


2

I

Abundance Class

TABLE 108

}66.

Floristic Composition of Station ~3, Site I.number of measurable trees = 34.trees = 3233 sq. in.


Acer saccharum 41.2

Asimina triloba


Carya texana 5.9

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida

Fra~inus americana 8.8

F. quadrangulata


Lindera benzoin

Norus rubra

Ostrya virginiana

Ptelia trifoliata

Quercus prinoides var. 11.8~uminata

Q. rubra 17.7

Staphylea trifolia

Tilia americana 5.9

Ulmus rubra 8.8


Shrubs and Vines


,,0 Composition Abundance Classof Basal Area of Sa lip~

14.0 4

o.4 54°9 -

2

52

2

i

2

2

12.2 3




Berchemiascandens

Rhus rsdicsns

Smilax bona-nox


Campsis radicans

55

Shrubs and Vines


Vitis aestivalis

Dioscorea sp.

Herbaceous Species

Galium concinnum

Polymnia canadensis

Anemone virginiana

Aquilegia canadensis,

Asarum canadensis

Asplenium plaSyneuron

Aster cordifolius

Bidens bi~innata



Bromus purgans


Panicum boscii

Solidago drummondii

S. ulmifolia

Agrimonia pubescens


Campanula americana

Cheilanthes feei


Elymus virginicus

Galium circaezans

Geum canadense

Lobelia inflata


Perilla frutescens

Polygala seneca

Rudbeckia fulgida

R. triloba

Estimate ofAbundanCe

55

36~-

Herbaceous Species

Scutellaria incana

Uniola latif01ia

Uvularia oer~o!iata

Asp!enittm ruta-muraria var.cryotolepis

Bidens discoidea


Plantago major


Anomodon attenuatus

Entodon seductrix

Anomodon minor

A. rostratus


Leucodon julacea


~ore!la plats~_hylla


i

i

I


RocksLogs

Tree trunksand bases

Rocks andtree trunks

Tree trunks andvertical rocks

~ee_~ trunks and.

Tree trunks

Tree trunks

Vertical rocks

109

~69 ¯

Floristic Composition of Station 45, Site 2.number of measurable trees : 7.trees = 207 sq. in.


Acer saccharum 14.2

Asimina triloba

Carya cordiformis


Cercis canadensis

Fraxinus americana

Juglans nigra 28.6

Juniperus virginia 14.2

Quercus prinoidesvat. acuminata

Staphylea trifolia

Ulmus rubra 14.2

Shrubs and Vines


% Compositionof Basa’l AJrea

90.9

19.8

7~

Abundance Classof Sap.!ings

i

2



Rhus aromatica

R. radicans

Smilax bona-nox

Dioscorea sp.


Vitis aestivalis

Herbaceous Species

Br0mus purgans

Hystrix patula

Solidago drummondii


Brschyeiytrum erectum

Cheilanthes feei


4

4

4

5+

5+5

m)

Herbaceous Species

Euphorbia maculata

9[uhlenbergia frondosa

Oxalis stricta

Setaria viridis

Solidago arguta var.strigosa

S. ulmifolia

Verbascum thaspus

Verbena canadensis

Verbesina canadensis

~uaranthus ~raecizans

Chenopoditu~ st andleyanum

Cirs iu~ altissimum

Eupstorium altissimum

E. rugosum

Euphorbia heterophylla var.gramini£olia

Geum ve rnt~a

Heuchera sp.

~anicum virgatum

~olygala senega

Andro~oogon gerardi

Eragrostis capillaris

Lactuca canadensis

Polygonum scandens

Sporobolus clamdestinus

Br~gphytes and Lichens

Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus

Forsst~.oemia trichomitria

Leucodon julaceus

~issidens subbasilaris

~Substrate

Vertical rocks

Vertical rocks

Vertical rocks

Shaded rocks

Shaded rocks


L!-

4-

Z

Abundance Class

5

370.

TAB~ ii0

Floristic Composition of Station 4~, Site 7. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 27. Total basal area of alltrees : 1422 sq. in.


Acer saccharum 7.4

Amelanchier arborea


Carya texana 25.9


Cornus florida


Ostrya virginiana

Quercus alba 18.5


Q. rubra 3~.~

Q. stellata 3.~

Ulmus alata 3.7


V. rufidulum

% Compo~sition Abundance Classof Basal Area of Saplings

~. 4 ~2

i3.3 5I. ~ 3

2

2

26.4 3

1.4 2

49.81.4

2.0 533

Shrubs and Vines Estimate ofAb und an c e

Rhus aromatica

Rosa sp.


Vitis aestivalis

5

Herbaceous opeczvs

Antennaria plataginifolia

Honarda russeliana

Andropogon gerardi


Aster anomalus


55

57~.

Herbaceous Species

Cheilanthes £eei

Coreopsis palmata

Euphorbia corollata

IIelianthus hirsutus

Parthenium hispidum

Rudbeckia hirta

Solidago buckleyi

S. nemoralis

Cunila origanoides

Gerardia flava vat.calycosa

~’~tthlenbergia sobolifera

Liatrus ligulistylis


Hedwigia ciliata

Anomodon attenuatus

Frullania squarrosa

Grimmia apocarpa

G. pilifera

Leucodon julaceus


Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks


L~_

Abundance Class

54

4

4

4

4

TABLE iii

Floristic Composition of Station 49, Sitenumber of measurable trees : 25.trees = 1642 sq. in.


Amelanchier arborea

Carya texana 36.0

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida

Pinus echinata 8.0

Quercus alba 16.0

Q. rubra 12.0

Q. stellata 12.0

Q. velutina 16.0

Ulmus alata

Viburnum prunifolitur~

V. rufidulum

Shrubs and Vines


% Composition Abundance Classof Basal ~r-~a of Sa~l’ings

2

10.2 -

28.2 3

7.3 4

29.1 2

10.8 3

3


Rhus aromatica


Smilax bona-nox

S. t amnoides vat. hispida


Rhus radicans

Vaccinium vacil!ans

Herbaceous Species

Andropogon gerardi

Antennaria plataginifolia


Aster patens

Coreopsis palmata

Lespede;~a cuneata

L. hirta

Herbaceous Species

?ionarda russeliana

Panicum boscii

Parthenium hispidum

Rudbeckia hirta

Silphium terebinthin~cium

Solidago petiolaris


Aster anomalus

A. linariifo!ius

A. turbinellus

Echinacea ~allida

Lithosoermum canescens

Petaloste~n sp.

Solidago nemoralis

Liatrus ligulisty!is

Solidago altissima


Hedwigia ciliata

Leucodon julaceus

Tortella h~milis

Substrate

Rocks

Tree bases

Tree bases


4

4

44

4

~l-

Abundance Class

4

oasssfrasand _~. ve]utins. The ~,q~" ¯ elng unG.erstory tree is ~

@]bid~n~ and the shrubs~ Rhus ~romatica and_ Yaccini~ vacil]ans~

are both very abuneanZ. ~.~.thou6h the hesbsceous r!ora is poor

in tsxa, n~erous plants of }’teridium aquilinmn ~.(a fern,),

Carex so., ~u~b_o~bi~ co=o .......ata, Ga_~i~ arkansan~, and

i.esoedeza, hirta are .... ~,r~sent.,~ .The only bryo2hyte noted

The~ia as:~re~l_a. For a list of thethe common moss of tree bases, ..... ~~>iants noted, in sit~ m see Tab].e ,,o:_~

Station ’!~.’~: (5 "’~*~.~er,..... ,.~ ..... 969 )(N-:~~ ~.. :Sect. ]~5, ’i’. 5:9 I.T., R. 2 W. )

Station iz! (reconnaissance only) includes an old gravel

~ of shout !5 ocres 2octted on the north bank of tnu Current

Rm.er at the mouth of Sprin~j He]Sow. The tooo@raphy of this

bor is uneven, =~snginc in elevation from one to five feet

above the river. 3;rtensive areas of coarse gravel (~igures ~5

and ~:.6) are.~’resent ~r~ -.~ p]s.nts ~re [~enere:~:.y ride:y scattered.

On hmone~ carts of the bar ~:.~here the grave! is mixed ~ith sand,

.~_ ~-~ "c~arge trees, ....~.~=tm

Acer new’undo, and

Furthermore~ t~ ........... ted areas are ~ ........... iy parallel with

the stress bank. ~~esr the edge of the river, elongated patches

of woods entirely composed of sma::_l., trees of Ss[.ix carolinians

are ~-’ ~ o~e ~;~ ..............~ p~r~,~,_e ~,~ith the Piver. Lsr~er

soecir:ens of t}~is~., ~;~.o-~t.,~...~.~::.~, some ur,: to S" d.b.h., occur on the

higher and :-)resumably o:der parts of the bar.

.~hrub~ and. vines ~re common. In the wooded e,r~:{as the vines

~ a_thenocmosus cuin(~uefoiia, R._b.:~:~ r~£~d,@,cl}_.np_, and Vitis aestiva] is

are ,.~ounc~ent to very Nnundant, ~.:hiSc other shrubs such as Rhus

~a~_, and ~%. ~i2~:!:_i.~£, are only infre~uent. Sa~~:~in~s of- " ~ ~ ~srticu].ar~y in theI~Latanus occidenta:ms sre very ,~buncant, ....

wooded are ~s.

The herb,:.~ceous .r’~"rs is :.,,eedy and £uite diverse ~..~ith the

~,~od~:~o s~ecm~:.. ",~s beifl~ Diodia teres, Artemisia annua, ~At~ri~

sanguin~-o m~_’s, Euuatormum sitissimum,_ and ~),,orobo_:us c~andestinus.

377.

TABLE 112



Carya ovata

C. texana 7.~

Celtis occidentalis

Cornus florida


~inus echinata 3.8

Quercus alba 3.8

Q. marilandica 11.5

Q. rubra 11.5

Q. stellata 3.8

Q. velutina 46.1

Sassafras albidum

Shrubs and Vines

~o Composition Abundance Classof Basal Area of Saplings

0.4 -

4

2O. I -

1.2 354.0 #

Estimate ofAb~ndanc e

Rhus aromatica

Vaccini~a vacillans

Rosa sp.


Rhus copallina

Vitis aestivalis

Herbaceous Species

~teridium aquilinum

Carex sp.

Euphorbia corollata

Galium arkansanum

Lespedeza hirta

Antennaria plata~inifolia

55

3

5

~78.

Herbaceous S~ecies

Aster patens

Cunila origanoides

Desmodium canadense

Gerardiaflava vat.calycosa

Solidago u!mifolia

Hieracium gronovii

Bryo2hytes and Lichens

Thelia asprella

$ubstrate

Tree bases


3

3

Abundance Class

~80.

I~ost o.~ the herbaceous soecies ~o,.~ in o~_e o...areas in what

apoe,r;rs, at the surface at These seem

otatmon /1-5 inc u¢;_e~ a rel._atmve_.y new ~ra~.re~ bar site ]"

and an o~d bot~om-~’,and £orost (site~,,"~ a~_ong" the ~-~est. " ~o~..n~:~ o~ the

Current River. An aerial photo (k’...;S ]hoto BLA-4P-205, 10-26-55)

sho:rs that site ~ ..;as t~n ~.- ) the main fiver channel when

.~artner to the ":~est of the

. ]~ ~ " al! %ha% Pertains oS %hecurrent channel .&n ox-box _..~.k~ Es

older channe".__

~ -’ ~’~C SS ~ n ....~ite (.,.~.onnzi on ~ only) is, .,_:. c~ ss not~:,o_ above, ~ ~rave_-._

bar of recent origin t.,~,o covers area of shout ~ acres.

~he s!ight]y acid soil ~. o~ is ;J.~ ....,. .~.~-be..~-y composed of gravel,

aLthou~h some sand is ’.r.es~:nt due to ..... ~" ~ .._ ~ o~ra,.~_zn~ infAuences

Trees are n~merous and occur in scattered..~"on_ ..g~ated~ -)atches.

..... carolinians is e~:treme]y @bundant, esoecis_~ a]on~ the

raver at the up~;er end or tn~ bar, ss ~;e~[ as a~}ong the edge

o~-~o ~_, ~ ~]..atanus occidenta~is nm~, and

~-oou,u~ de£toid_e~ ere abund_snt, _the eastern ~ of the o].d river channel~o,- . ~t~.~<~__ trees associates

include kcer nebuno_o,

GLeditsia triaoan~hos , ~:,n.: Ulmzs rubra. A iar~e variety of

herbaceous o ...... mrs is founci at this sz~,:; many to~’~ such as

Lobe~ia catalina is~ ................................................

Bidens cernua, and Leersia oryzoides are more or less restricted

to ~o~.~, ".~et are;~s near th: river. A fe~ species occur only in

muddy areas near the ox-bo.: ]a~. ~hese are Eimbristylis

aut~naiis, Sa~ittaria iati£oiia, and Ere~ostis h~oides.

~z~o e more cor~on]._y encountered throughoutHo:.~ever, most s;)e~’s~ sr

the open, ~ .... ~~=~,~. 2or a ~ist of th~-~ ~

see ~ab!e "-z’

Site 2 (tree count oni’y) includes about one acre of a rather

381.

TABU 113



Acer negundo

A. saccharinum 1.5

Betula nigra 5.9

Cepha!anthusoccidentalis



Pooulus deltoides 32.3

Salix csroliniana 22.1

Ulmus rubra

Shrubs and Vines



2

3

!3.7

73.84.0


2

5+55+


Rhus radicanS

R. glabra


Vitis aestivalis

Rhus copallina

Amorpha fruticosa

Herbaceous Soecies

Diodia teres

Artemisia annua



Sporobolus clsndestinus

Acalypha virginica


A. trifida

55

2

I

5+

5

55

4

~82.

Herbaceous Species

Bidens bipinnata

B. frondosa

Cassia fasciculata

C. marilandica

Commelina erecta

Coreopsis tripteris var.deamii


Echium vulgate

Elymus virginicus

Eupatori~n coeiestinum

E. ~erfoliat~urL

Euphorbia dentata

E. supina

Froelichia gracilis

Kickxia elatine

Les~ede:~a cuneata

Nirabilis nycta~inea

Oenothera biennis

Peri!la frutescens


SaDonaria officina!is

Setaria viridis

Solidago ulmifolia

Tridens f!avus

Uniola latifolia

Vernonia crinita

imsonia il!ustris

indropo6on gerardi

Aster lateriflorus

Panicum virgat~m

Aster novae-an@liae


TAB~ 117

Herbaceous Species


Cycloloma atriplicifolium

Cyp~ erus fascicularis

Erigeron strigosus

Helianthus tuberosus

Le~otoloms co c~natuzn

Nuh!enbergia frondosa

S o r ~.huz~ s ?.


Xanthitu°a ~gensylvanictum

Dipsacus sylve~tris

iOanicum ~ohilade 10hicuz~

Rudbeckia fu!gida

(CON’S)


2

2

2

2

2

2

2

I

i

I

TABLE

Floristic Composition of Station ~5, Site I.

Trees

Acer ne~undo

A. saccharin~m

Betula nigra

Fraxinus quadrangulata


~latanus occidentalis

Populus de!toides

o~izx caroliniana

Ulmus rubra

Shrubs and Vines

Abundance ClassTrees and Sapliffgs

2

2

5+2

Estimate of--~-~ance

Arundinaria o~igantea

Herbaceous Species

Kiclc<ia e!atine


Isanthus brachiatus


Vernonia crinita

Acalypha ~raci!escens var.monocoooa

~bro~a tri£ida

Amsonia i!lustris

Artemisia annua


Commelina erecta vat.angustifolia


Diodia teres

El~.ms virginicus

Eragrostis hyp~oides

5+

5555

~86.

Herbaceous Species

Zupatoritu~ coeiestinum

Euphorbia dentata

i. maoulate

~’imbrystylis auttu~nalis

1,’roe iichia {Tracilis

Inomea coccinea

I. hederacea

Justicia americana

Laportea canadensis

Le oiditm~ vir ~inictun~

Leersia ory~oides

~. virginica

Lobeiia cardinalis

l<uAulenber g~ia frondosa

i~eriila frutescens

Phyto:Lacc a americana

}~oly~ontu~ pensylvanicum var.pensylvanictm~

Sagittaria latifolia


Setaria viridis

Verbas cttm thas ous

Verbesina a~ternifolia

Aster simolex vat. interior

Chenonodium standleyanum

Citrullus vul~aris

Cuscut a comoacta

~eruo strigosus

Echium ~rulgare


~irabilis nycta~inea

Nuhlenber~-~ia mexicana


L~

Herbaceous oo~cies

Oxalis stricta

Paspal~ laeve

Poly6onu~.~ scandens

~ridens flares

Verbena urtici£olia

~narsnthus retroflexus

Andropogon gerardi

Bidens sristoss

B. bipinnata

B. cernua

B. frondoss ~ar. frondosa

Cuphaea isetio!aris

Era~rostis csoillaris

E. hirsuta

Heleni~m amarum

Hibiscus lasiocarpos

Hollu6o verticillata

Sorghum haleoense

Stachys tenui£o!ia

Verbasc~ b!attaria

Xanthium chinense

Croton @Isndulosus var.seotentrionalis

Estimate of~dance

-Lar<e river bottom forost. The soil_ is a mixture of grave?_

end send end is circu~meutraL (pH ~#.0). The canopy is ~0 to

60% and composed of the following dominant trees: Acer

tree associates include ~£~. D~£, ~_~:_$~BA ~ericanu~_,

~].- I]_eDn~YAy9~A>~9, ~.~£ P>P.i~e_~].9]LAP., and Poouius de!icicles.

Saplings of ~~£ p!~A~.e.~i!t~, and H]:~_@_ ~.U~ are co.on

while vines are very ab~dant and inckude the soecies Rhus

~.i£qD~, Vitis aestivalis, and ~3~j~,esP~,~ ~uincuefolia.

herbaceous flora is ~uxuriant and the following s?ecies are

the most abundant:

The

PeriA]a frutescens

~P. £u!£tA!~ var. !p!f_pe_rJi__f~_o.r_tv_!.

P. scandens

Setaria viridis

Verbena urtici£oiia

For a list of the ~,.ants noted in site 2, see ab:e lk5.

Station 46, Sites i-~. (1] October, 1969)Nat) ~7- (Sect. 4, T. 27 N., R. i W.)

Station 46 is located on the s]ooe and ridge above a very

stee? ~[E-facing s].o-~,e and bPuff overlooking the junction of

Hi!l Creek and the Current River. Extensive exposures of

~ " ~,articuiarly indo_,ommte (Eminence Formation) are oresent, ,~

site }.

Site i (!50 x ~0 feet) is on the upper rid[ge at an

elevation of ~}O to 9’4-0 feet, or about 2~0 feet above the

river. At this ooint on the ridge the slooe is about i0~ to

the northeast. ~he rocky, acid (pH 6.0) soil., is covered with a

thin layer of leaf mold and supports a second ~rowth oak-hickory

~89.

TABLE 115

Floristic Composition of Station LI-5, Sitenumber of measurable trees : 67. Total basaltrees = o+op sq. in.

2. Totalarea of all

Trees Relative 95 Com~osition Abundance ClassDensit~ o£ Bssal Area of. S~i~iings

Acer ne@undo 6.0 I.?

A. saccharin~. 20.9

Celtis occidentalis I.~ i.~

Ceohalanthus

~’raxinus ~ericans 6.0 5.6

F. pennsylvanica 1.5 0.6

Norus rubra i}. 1.5

Platanus occidentalis N8.8 5~.0

~opulus de!toides ~.0 6.9

Ulmus rubra 20.9 i}.~

3brubs and Vines Estimate of’~-~anc e

Rhus radicans

Vitis aestiva!is

im~undinaria ~mg.~ntea.


Rhus glabra

Symphoricarpos orbicu!aris

Herbaceous Soecies

Perilla frutescens


Acalypha vir@inica

Ambrosia trifids.

Cuscuta comoacta

Impatiens sp.

Laportea canadensis

Hirsbi!is nycti@~ines

5

5+5+

55555

lOolygonum punctatum var.confertiflorum

Rudbeckia_, ~aciniata

Pm~brosis artemisiifolia

Artemisia annua

Aster ~ imo~ =~

E !~:us vir[[inicus

Leersia :~irginics

Oxalis stricta

~hytolscca americana

~:!ant a~#o corda.ta

~o lygon~ !)ensy!vanic~

~. S O an~el~s

Scro)hul aria ma.riiandica

Verb:.na urticifoiia


~aooia marmlsndica

~ommelmn~ erects

Euohorbia dentata

Oe~ csnadense

Hacke!is virGiniana

l~olanisis dodecandra

Polygonm: virginic~m

Vernonia crinits

oommelln~ oommRnis

Scuteilaris lateriflorus

~mcyo~ angulstus

~hysalis angulata var.angulsta

(CON’T)


2

2

I

390.

}92.

forest. The fairly open canopy (50-60~6) is dominated by thesoecies _C.~21!’ _o..v_a..t_~_, _C~. ~.~._%a_n_~%, and ~-e_rcus rubra. Saplings of

~9._r.y_a_ s:oz), are very abundant while saplings of ~.i.n.u~ .e.chi.nata

are abundant. ~he thin understory is primarily composed of the

smaller tree s~.,ecies Comus florida, Dioa~os vir iniana,

~h_s4n. ~_u_~. £.a__rq_l~inA.a~, .S~£s~_f~.~. A-..I>A~., and-

as wel! as the dominant shrub, ~.S ~a~£~_aJ_i._c!-

D.$p~.c..o~e_~. so. and y.@~.i.s .a>~}.i_.vA_]=i.s...are the i]eading vine species

-@resent.

The most common s~ioecies of a n, oor!y developed herbaceous

_flora are ~.te.n~.a~!a R.~.~.Ag.i~n.~£~:.i.a, ~C.~rp~. s o., .G.aAA~ Ai~ca!>an~,

~.es-£e.d.9.za ~g_tprm.e.d.ia, p.ap.i_p~ ka.sAi_i_, and ~!0n£rd.a ~.uss.e.!,iA.ni,.Bryophytes are scattered in patches on the soi! or, in the cases

of P2.at~E~rium reoens and. The~ma asoxe!la, confined to~,.-~ogs and

tree bases res<~,ectiveLy, i~or a :mot of the p,~ants noted in

site i, see Table

Site 2 (150 x 50 feet) is located on the steeo (35°)

Dart of the upper sLou~e in an ~rea of relatively few trees,

where the soil is sandy, rocky, ~na acid (oH 5.0). @he csno-~y is

open (20-~0~6) and largely comoosed of the crowns of

alba are very abundant in an understory in which Cornus florida

and ~p~:rp~ ........."~ .~,’. .,. . .orunm~o_~.m~m are the~ " "~eaamng smal~ tree soecies

~ ~ oarticuLar!y the s-~ecies Ceanothuo ~er~canus, ~.~ohrubo, .... .aromatica~ and .... " ~ ~ ~ r " ~ "~ are abundant. The............. e~:’bPLmP~F,.~P:° ?~P~AaR~S ,most consoicuous vine is Vitis aestivaLis. Because of the open

nature of this site, herbs are n~erous with the following

members of the Com-:,osite f~iiy most consaicuous at this season

of the year:

Antennari~ .~!,_ ante~<in"~m~ o.~m~,~ ~ " ~

Aste:’ anoma.~us

~ "ius

A. ,~atens

A. sagittifo i ius

A. turbine i lus

393.

TABLE 116

Floristic Composition of Station ,%6, Site i. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 52. Total basal area of alltrees = 2559 sq. in.

Trees Relative 7~ Composition Abundance ClassDensitZ of Basa! Area of Sapling~

Garya ovata

C. texana

Celtis occidentalis

Cornus florida


Frso~inus ~ ~"amel loans

Juniperus vir~iniana

Pinus echinata

Quercus a!ba

%. prinoides var.ac~inata

Q. rubra

~. velutina

Rhmnnus caroliniana

Sassafras albid~.

Viburn~ ~runifol.i~

ohruos and Vines

Rhus aromatica

Dioscorea sp.

Rhus radicans

Vitis aestivalis

Rubus sp.

Smilax tamnoides var. his-oida

.o. bona-nox

Herbaceous


3z.2 520.1 5

2

i

~ 5 ~

I

Estimate ofAbungance

2

2

i

3

Herbaceous ooeomeo

Galium circaezans vat.hypoma!ac~a

Helianthus hirsuta

Lespede~:a intermedia7 o~donarda russ e_Lzana

2anicum boscii

Solidago ulmifolia

Agrimomia rostellata

Aster anomalus

Coreopsis oalmata

Desmodi~u rotumdifoli~r,

Gali~m concinn~m

~~hlenber~ia soboli£era

l~hr~a le-9~ostachya

Andropo~on sco!:~arius

Aster -oatens var.oatentissimus

Cunila origanoides

~tonarda fistulosa vat.mo!lis

Estimate of--~h~’ance

z~

2


Atrichum an~ustat~m

~latygyrium reoens

~olytrichum ohioense

Thelia asorella

Dicranum scoparium

~Inium cusoidattn~

Substrate

Soil

Logs

Soil

Treebases

Soil

Soil

Abundance Class

.tI.

Bryophytes occur as scattered colonies on the soil and .~ogs,

or in the case of H_~e~3~Ag__i_a .c_’,m~L~i~at_~_, on the smal", dolomite

bou~ders present. For a _O. ist of the plants present in site 2,

see Table ll?.

Site ~ (tree count only) inc~udes an area of ~?recipitous,

smai~ b~uffs and ledges above the larger b~uff be!o~v. ~he

altitude ranges from 5~0 to $00 feet ~:md although the general

e~oosure is to the northeast~ some north-fscin~ b~uffs are

oresent. Soi~ of the ~ed~es is thin and acid (~H 6.~), and

the scattered trees ~roduce an o~en canopy of 20 to ~0~, eri-

marily composed of the crop,ms of Carya texsna, J~ii~erus

virginiana, and ~uercus prinoides var. ac~inate, oma_~er

trees and sa~!in~s of Acer sacchar~ and Frsxinus quadran~ulsta

are n~erous, as are also the small tree s~gecies ~eianchier

ar~~, B_~~. ~~, Asimina triloba, Cercis canadensis,

Diospyros vir~iniana~ and Rh~mus caro!iniana. The shrub,

Hyoeric~ s~atuLatum, is very abundant on the ledges Other

shrub s~ecies include ~e~haianthus occidental_is, Rhus sromatica,

~ast mentioned s~ecies best deve~ope~ in crevices of the verti-

ca]~ bluffs. Gro~ing among the trees and shrubs of the understory

are the ~eading vine ta~a, ~Hhus radicans and Vitis aestivalis.

~he herbaceous s.~ecies present in this ares inc[~ude many that are

most n~erous on rock ~.~dges such as So~idago dr~ondii,

~ ~u~.~y~.,_~.. ~.s~.., and ~.~... ~_~c~.. Other t~a,

Heuchera puberu!h Pe~laea stro-ourourea, Asolen~ rh~o~hyll~,

are restricted to the vertical rock e~posures. Bryophytes are

very ~.ze_l~ re ~resented with the leafy liver~,..~ort, Rsdu~a andicola,

the most abundant soecies on the vertica~ rocks, and the mosses,

the dominant

species on soi! ~edo~o. For a ist of the remainder of the

~01ants noted in site ~. s~e ~ab!e ~8.

396.

TABILE 117

Floristic Composition of Station z~6, Site 2. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 13. Total basal area of alltrees = 1198 sq. in.

Trees RelativeDensit_~i

Acer saccharum

Amelanchier arborea

Carya ovata

C. texana 90.8

Celtis occidentalis

Cornus florida


Fraxinus sm~ericana


Horus rubra


Pinus echinata 7-’2

Prunus

~yrus

~i~uercus alba ~.°~ i

Q. rubra ~.~

Q. velutina ~0.8

Rhamnus caroliniana

Sassafras albidum

Ulmus alata

U. rubra


Shrubs ~ ~’~no~ Vines

% Composition Abundance Classof Basal Area

of Saplin6s-

2

18.8 2

2

2

12

7.9 2

,_

30.5 5+

pp. ~I-

2

Lstimate ofAbundance

Ceanothus smericanus

Rhus aromatica

o~%,no~icarpos orbicularis

Vitis aestivalis

Shrubs and Vii~es

,omi!a~,~ tammoides vat.

Vaccini~ vacillsns

Dioscorea ~Tiilosa

Rosa slp.

Rubus s~.

Smiia~i bona-no~.~

his-oida

Herbaceous Species

A~rostis perennans

Antennaria - ..... "- "p±anta~inifoliaAsl)lenium ~latyneuron

Aster anomalusA. linariifolgis

Coreo]?sis pa!mata

De smodi~ rotundifo!i~ali~ arkans an~u

G. concin nm~

Helianthus hirsutus

~nloum dichotomum vsr.barbui

P. latifoli~m

l=ar then i~m his]<)id~,

Solida[~o nemora!is


As cyrm~q hypericoides

Aster patens

A. sagittifolius

A. turbinellus

Cunila origanoides

Desmodim~ g!utino sm~

Pionarda russeliana

L~lenbergma sobolifera

So!idago buckleyii


398.

Herbaceous~ "ooecmes Estimate ofAbundance

oolzd~co ulmifolia

o. hisoida var. hzs_~z~.aHieracium gronovii

Bryoohytes and Lichens Substrate

Atrich~ angustatum

Sntodon seductrix

Hedwi@ia ciliata

Dicran~m scoparium

Soil

Soiland logs

Rocks

Soil

2

i

Aioundanc e Class

399.

TABU i18

Floristic Composition of Station 46, Site 7. Totalnumber of measurable trees = 26. Total basal area of alltrees = 1517 so. in.

Trees RelativeDensitZ

Acer saccharum !5.z~

Amelanchier arbore o

Asimina triloba

Bume lia lanu~ino sa

Carya te~ana. 19.2

Cercis canadensis

Dzosz.yros ~rirsiniana

Fraxinus sm~eric aria~ .%uadrangulata u.~

F. pennsy!vanica Z..S

Juniperus vir~iniana 15.#

Nyssa sylvatica vat.caro_liniana

%uercus prinoides ~ar. ~O.Sacu~sinata

Q. rubra 7.7

Rhamnus carolinisna

~~itionBasal Area

2.928.6

Shrubs and Vines Estimate of-~bundance

Abundance Class

4

Hyperictm~ spathulatum



Rhus aromatics

R. radicans

S~m~phoricarpos orbicularis

Vitis sestivalis

Ribes missouriense

Smila~ bona-no~

S. tamnoides vat. hisoida

Zl

TABLE 1].8 (CO~T’T)

Herbaceous Soecies Estimate o£Abundance

So!idago dru~ondii

Asp!eni~ ruta-muraria var.cryptolepis

Soiidago caesia

Anemone vir~Tiniana

Asp!enitu~ pla.tymeuron


~u~atorzum ru~o~ u~

Gali~ circae~ans

Hepatica acutiloba

Heuchera ouberula

Houstonia ni~ricans

Oxalis stricta

~ellaea atropurpur’e a

Yo !ypodi~m po lypo dio idesvat. michauxian~

So!idago buckleyi

Brachyelytr~n erectum

Cheilanthes feei

H~lenbergia sobolifera

Asoleni~ rhi~ophyll~n

l~’hr~a leptostachya

Botrychi~ virginian~


Radula andicola

Anomodon attenuatus

A. rostratus

Bryoandersonia illece-bra

£ntodon seductri~

Rhodobry~m~ roseum


Thelia hirtella

Substrate

Vertical rocks

Vertical rocks

Vertical rocks

Rocks and soil

Rocks

Hock led{es

Rock ledges

Base of tree

5+

5

LI

LI

L~

Abundance Class

5

otatlon /�7 is ~ocated a]on.£ a stee-p, west-facing s]oue and.

high ridge a.~ong, the east bank of the ~urz.~nt River across from

the northern end o~ Bi~ S .... ~ ~ ~ ~" .~a .... (~’igure)~2) This

sLo,-~e ~.z,o~s _~y fror0 the edse of the ri~er, ,=ha continues asa st.ee:~ (~5-S0°) s~ope until do:omite b}uffs (Eminence 2ormation)

s--’~._~ encountered_ at about mid-slop.e. ~,~u"~r~ .....the " ~o:u~_fs~ the s,.o,e ....

continues at about a 50° an~s3.e to the rid~-<e, some 500 feet

above the rive’.

Site

L yin[_~ betreen ,,n unim,:,roved, road. ant t!t,:; ~i ....~ ,he.,.,~; the soil is

very roeky~ covered by a thin !ave~~ o; . eL no: ~m,z a(.’..!l ’7./�) The forest is dens,~ (cano~Ty ~. .. ou-o,~,,>~; and cor0:,osed :

of the fo}.:o:.;in~: b~.o: C.n.r<~in~s coroliniana,._~’..[.:K." .... %.

I<t atanus, occid.enta.~ is, ,,u,-~cu~ rub,~n S .....-~’~-~ ’" "s

mmerzca.na ~,n,~. ULmus ~ ~o................................................ ~.~,2::~.~. Beneath them in the understory, themost common tree ~-.~-’~ .... ~ - ,~ _o_..~,,z~s ..... e sa .~in~,s oE ,3aroinus carolinians

~n,;_ .ores..= tree-: of Lindera benzoin. A_.on~ the edge of the

river the shrub, ........... ; ..........................~- ........ _ ......................~tmor-oha f:rui:j..;o~:~,:: , one the ’.,oody grass,

.... ~[~.~.., ~.[~.~:9,~t~9., are very abundant. Vines, >c,.rticu? anly the s~)ecies

......................................... omz~ ax tamnoz~meo vat. ~:</~.[~,£, and ]<~isare al_so very 8bundant. The he~ oac f’lo~a is oomt)ooeG

403.

Floristic Composition of Station 47, Site I. Totalnumber of measurable trees : 48. Total basal area of alltrees : 2605 sq. in.


Acer saccharinum

A. saccharum 6.7

Betula nigra 2.1

Carpinus caroliniana 16.?


Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida

Crataegus sicca


Lindera benzoin



~runus serotina ~.2

Quercus prinoides var.acuminata

4- rubra 8.3


Tilia americana 8.5

Ulmus rubra 6.3

Viburnum orunifolium

Shrubs snd Vines

CompositionBa~’al’Area

2.3

3.0

9.1

3.4

16.5

17.21.8

20.4

10.8

I0.3

12.2



I

2

2

i

2

2

3

,2


Amorpha fruticosa

Rhus radicans



Vitis aestivalis

5+

TABLE 119 (CON’T)

Shrubs and Vines Estimate of-~Ab un d an c e

Rosa sp.

Smilax bona-nox 2

Herbaceous Species

Carex sp.


Saururus cernuus

Aster cordifolius

A. drummondii

A. sagittifolius

Justicia americana

Lycopus rubellus


Vernonia crinita

Unio!a latifolia

Eupatoritm~ rugosum

Hybanthus concolor

Vernonia altissima


Anomodon rostratus

Porella pinnata

Substrate

Rocks and trees

Rocks

5+

z~.

4-

33

Abundance Class

55

~05.

layer of humus, and circumneutral (pH ?.0). Scattered trees,

mostly of the sgecies ~uercus prinoides var. acuminata, produce

an open canopy of 20-’~ .... p~,;~. The understory contains many small

trees that include the species Lindera ben;:oin, Cornus florida,

Cor~lus_ americana, Sassafras albidum and Staphylea trifolia,

and numerous vines and shrubs. Several of the herba.ceous species

recorded for this site are confined to the vertical rocks and

rock led[;es of the iarse boulders present. These are Solida~9

oetiolaris As~oleni~m -~,~=a~neu~-~ ~on, Aquilegia canadensis, Pellaea

atroour2urea and ~!p.u~.h.e. pf~-.?.u~ie~r~.a.. The moss flora is best

develooed on the e:,<,josed rocks, although one species, ITnium

_cu_~_id._~_t_u~=,~, is abundant on the soil. For a list of the species

present in site 2, see Table 120.

Site :15 (tree count only) is an open glade of about I~ acres

located above the bluff at an elevation of 600 to 720 feet (Eigure

~). The slooe ..... is steeo, ca. ~0°, and the soil is rocky and

circ~neutral (oH ~ 0) ~rees are ,.:mcely disT~ersed (canopy 4 10~,S)

and Pinus echinata is tn.~ most n~erous species. Other tree

associates include ~u_s ~_$~o~~ var. ac~,~inata, ~. rubra,

r..~. a~ba, Comus florida~ Ulmus alata ~eianchier arborea,

Caroinus caroliniana, Juni~erus vir~qna, and Vib~n~ pruni-

foli~. The vines, Berchemia scandens and Smilax bona-no~, and the

shrubs, Ceanothus americanus and ~eric~ s0athulat~, although

scattered, are abundant. The herbaceous flora recorded for this

site includes~ as mi~ht be ....~..~o~,~ a lar~e~, n~ber of _~rairie-

glade t~)e species~ such as ~=_~dr°°°°°n_~_~ ........ ~cpP_a~, Bouteloua curti-

~.~la, Houstonia ni,-~" ~ _~= mcano, S_$~%~ terebinthina.ci~, ~dro~

~rardi, Rudbeckia "~o ~.

Echinacea ~<)a].li<~c, £]..~gus " ~" " ~ andVlP~,l~!C~o ~ }~et~Eostem~ so~ " st ,~ of~=~m< ..... ~-~ro<ably the me consoicuous aspect the

herbaceous flo~~s ~ st this late season of the year is the abundance

of species of both the grass and com~~osite fsmi!ies. 9~or example,

the cress flo<~a mnc:u<_<s the follo:~:in~i~ ~ecies:

i~:anicum vir~atum

Z-)orobolus clandestinus

#06.

TABLE 120

Floristic Composition of Station 4?, Site 2.number of measurable trees = i#.trees = 1#8.6 sq. in.

~rees RelativeDensit~

Acer saccharum

Asimina triloba

Bumelia lanuginosa

Cercis canadensis

Cornus florida

Corylus americana



Lindera benzoin



~. rubra 2.1

Rhamnus caroliniana

Sassafras albidum

Staphylea trifolia

Ulmus rubra 7.1


Shrubs and Vines



5.5

Abundance Classof Sapling’s

2

1

2

5

27.2


2

2


Smilax bona-no:<

Arundinaria gi~antea

Campsis radicans

Rhus radicans

Rubus sp.

Vitis aestiva] is

Rhus aromatica

R. glabra

5+

ABZS Z20 (COH’ )

Herbaceous Species Est±mate 02Abundance

Solidago petiolaris

S. ulmifolia 5

Aqui]egia canadensis

Aspienium paltyneuron

Aster drummondii

Campanula americans¯ 4

Galium concinnum

Helianthus hirsutus

Hystrix oatu!s

Lobelia siphilitica

Oxalis stricta


Verbesina s~.

Uniola lati£olia

~uncus doicous

Asplenium ruta-muraria var.cr~rptolepis ¯


Bromus pur~ans

Cirsi~ altissim~


Galz~m circaezans

Heuchera puberula

huhlenbergma soboli~era_

Phr~a ~ eptostachya

Uvu~ aria grandiflora

~arthenium his-pidgin 2

~mlph2~ terebinthinecium~

B~yophytes and Lichens Substrate Abundance

Anomodon attenuatus Rocks

i. rostratus Rocks

Fmium cuspidatum Soil

Grim~ia pz=z~era Rocks

Class

#08.

and the composite flora includes these species:

Aster anomalus

A. laevis

A. oblonFifolium vat.~___gu_stifolius

~. patens

Cacalia atriplicifolia

Cirsium altissimum

Echinacea


Helianthus hirsutus

Liatri.s asper

Rudbeckia missouriense

~p~A~um~ ~pebinthinacium

~p~~. nemoralis

S. radula

Mosses are scattered and mainly confined to the rock exposures.

For a list of the plants noted in site 5, see Table 121.

Site # (150 x 50 feet) is located near the summit at an

elevation of about 880 feet. Both dolomite and Precambrian granite

rocks are ex?osed and covered with a luxuriant growth of the

mosses Grimmia ~ilifera and Hedwi~ia ciliata. The rocky soil is

covered by a thick layer of leaf mold and is circumneutral (pH 7.0).

The forest canopy is about 50% and composed of the trees ~arya

texana, ~~.~ ~ and ~. v~e.~~. ~ost of these trees are

large, with over half of them equaling or exceeding a d.b.h, of

18 inches. Saplings of Carla texana are abundant, while the

thin understory of smaller trees includes the species Diosp~yros

~n_~, ~s~f__r_.~ ~.l~,_u~__ and Viburnum prunifolium. Shrubs and

vines are scattered, but only one species, the vine Parthenocissus

~jp~efolia, is abundant. The leading herbaceous species are

T__e~~ s__i~ v_~E~.~A~., C__o.~p~ o~ i~s ~at a., ~A~_~_ ~vi_~atum

and ~.. ~_i_E~J_~. For a list of the plants present in site ~,

see Table 122.

Station #8, Sites I-2. (12 October, 1969)Map 57. (Sect. 32, T. 27 N., R. i E.)

Station ~8 includes a gravel bar (site I) and a river

bottom forest (site 2) along the west bank of the Current River

in the vicinity just east of the landing strip at Big Spring

State Park.

a09.

TABLE 121

F!oristic Composition of Station ~, Site 3. Totalnumber of measurable trees : 19. Total basal area of alltrees : 1562 sq. in.

Trees Relative~nsity

Amelanchier arborea

Carpinus carolinianus

Cercis canadensis

Comus florida I0.~Juniperus vir6iniana

Pinus echinata i~?.z~

Quercus a!ba 5.3~. prinoides var. !5.8

acuminata

:~. rubra 15.SUlmus slata 5.3Viburnum prunifo!ium

}~ Compositionof Basal Area

1.6

59.?~.I

~.9


2

2

I

2

2

2

Shrubs and Vines motimate ofAbundance

Berchemia scandens


Hypericum spathulatum

Smilax bona-nox

Rosa sp.

Herbaceous Species



Houstonia nigricans


Rudbeckia missouriense

Andropogon gerardi


Aster laevis

5+

5+5+5+5

(co ,

Herbaceous Species

Aster patens vat.patentissimus

Cirsium altissimum

Coreopsis palmata

C. tripteris var. tripteris

Echinacea pallida

Elymus virginicus


Gentiana £1avida

Helianthus hirsutus

Liatrus asper

Lithosperm~m canescens

Nonarda russeliana

~anicum virgatum

Petalostemon sp.

Rhynchosia lati£olia

Scutel!aria elliptica

Solidago nemoralis

Sorghastrum nutans


Anemone virginiana

Aster anomalis

A. oblongifolium vat.an~ustifolius


Anomodon attenuatus

Grimmia pili£era

Hedwigia ciliata

Tortella humilis

Substrate

Rocks

Rocks

Rocks

Soil


3

Abundance Class

TABLE 122

411.

Floristic Composition of Station 47, Site 4. Totalnumber of measurable trees = I0. Total basal area of alltrees : 2278 sq. in.

Trees Relative~nsity

Carya ovata

C. texana 20.0


Pinus echinata

Quercus alba

Q. marilandica

Q. rubra 30.0

Q. velutina 50.0

Sassafras albidum



2

3.1 4

2

32

38.8 2

58.1 -2

2

Shrubs and Vines Estimate ofAbundanc e


Rhus aromatica

R. copallina

Vitis aestivalis


Rhus radicans

Rubus sp.

Vaccinium vacillans

4

32

2

2

2

Herbaceous Specie%

Tephrosia vir~iniana vat.holoserecia

Coreopsis palmata


D. rigidum

Galium sp.

5

4

4

122 (CON’S)

Herbaceous Species


Lespedeza hirta var. hirta

~olph~ytes and Lichens

Grimmia pilifera

Hedwigia ciliata

Substrate

Rocks

Rocks


2

i

Abundance Class

5+5

The gravel bar of site i (tree count and reconnaissance)

covers about 3 acres ranging in elevation from 1-3 feet above

the river. It is composed of broad open areas of gravel and

narrow bands of woods, especially along the river side of the

bar. These wooded areas are largely composed of Salix caro-

liniana, some up to 9" d.b.h., and Platanus o_~c.cidentalis,___.

although some large trees of Fraxinus americanus, Betula nigra,

and Ulmus rubra are present at the lower end of the bar. The

vines, ~ ~�.~s and Vitis aestivalis, are very abundant

and abundant respectively, in the wooded parts of the bar.

_A~ndi~!.a .~i~ntea is abundant and unusually large here (Figure 39

Herbaceous plants are numerous and most of the species are

restricted to the open, ~ravel regions. For a list of these herba-

ceous plants and other plants present in site i, see Table 123.

Site 2 (tree count) is a narrow strip of woods approximately

80 by 500 feet growing on the second terrace about 6-8 feet above

the river. Soil within this site is sandy and slightly acid

(pH 6.8). Here the forest (canopy ca. 80~) is composed of the

dominant tree species Betula ~i~_a~ Celtis occidentalis, Platanus

occidentalis and Ulmus rubra. However, other tree associates

include Acer ~ne~d_~, A. saccharinum, Carya cordiformis, ~raxinus

pennsylvani_�~a~ Gleditsia triacanthos, Quercus macro~arpa and

Tilia americana. ~oreover, the number of large trees recorded

for this sight is notable as the following examples demonstrate

(figures are d.b.h, in inches):

Acer ne~undo - 14 Quercus rubra - 24, 16, 2~

Celtis laevigata- 16, 18, 18 Ulmus rubra- 30, 15, 23

Platanus occidentalis- 48, 24, 24, 35

Tilia americana - 21

Betula nigra - 24, 21, 20

Gleditsis triancanthos - 15

Vine~ particularly Rhus radicans, Vitis aestivalis and Smilax bona-

.~_o.x~ are numerous, and the woody grass, Arundinaria gigantea, is

very abundant. The herbaceous flora is luxuriant (Figure 38) and

the leading species include the grasses ~B~ _~p_u_r_gan~s, ~l~ym~u_~ ~v_.ij~]~~.i~q~, .~_u~_!_~_~b_~_~.~a ~f.~r~n.d_9~s_a~ and .~U_~_i~..l.a A~_t_i_.(.~l~i~, as well as other

herbs such as Geum canadense, Oxalis stricta, Ambrosia tri£ida,

TAB~ 123



Acer negundo 1.0

A. saccharinum ....

Asimina triloba

Betula nigra 2.1


Celtis occidentaiis


Fraxinus pennsylvanica 3.1

Ilex decidUa


Populus deltoides 1.O

Quercus macrocsr~a 1.0

Robiriapseudoacacia

Salix caroliniana 65.6

S. nigra

Ulmus rubra 1.0

Shrubs and Vines

% Composition Abundance Classof ’Basal Are~ ~

i. 2 4

1

14.9 53.5 4

20. i 4

i

11.7 5+0.6 50.6 -

i

42.0 5+2

5.2 5

Estimate ofAbun d an c e

Rhus radicans

Vitis aestivalis


Smilax bona-nox

5

Herbaceous_Species

Acalypha virginica

Ambrosia trifids

Cyperus strigosus

Diodia teres

TABU 123

Herbaceous Soecies

Elymus virginicus

Eupatorium colestinum

Euohorbia dentata

E. supina

Froelichia gracilis


Isanthus brachiatus

Kic]~ia elatine

Laportea canadensis

}~Zuhlenber~ia frondosa

Polygonum scandens

Ferilla fructescens

Rudbeckia tri!oba


Solidago aitissims

Sorghum halepense

Uniola !atifoiia

Vernonia crinita

Amsonia il!ustris

Bidens connata var.petiolata


Eclipta alba


E. rugosum

Helianthus tuberosa

Hemicarpa micrantha

Leersia oryzoides

Lobelia cardinalis

L. siphilitica

Oxalis stricta


(CON’T)


4

4

4

4

4

4

44

4

4

3

3

33

415.

Verbena urticifolia

Xanthium chinense

Helianthus hirsutus vat.hirsutus

0enothera biennis

Sa~ittaria latifolia vat.latifolia


2

2

TABLE 12#

Floristic Composition of Station 48, Site 2.number o£ measurable trees = 82.trees = 12,5#9 sq. in.

Trees

Acer negundo

A. saccharinum

Betula nigra

Carpinus carolinian,s

Carya cordi£ormis

Celtis occidentalis

Fraxinuspennsylvanica

Gleditsis triacanthos

Norus rubra


Quercus macrocarpa

Q. rubra

Salix csroliniama

Tilia americana

Ulmus rubra


Relative ~% Composition Abundance ClassDensity of Basal Area of Sa~

6.1 2.5 2

~.? 1.8 ~�6.1 I0.? 2

3.7 0.3 32.# 1.6 4

35.~ 2z. l 3~.9 3.3 3

1.2

12.1

6.1

2.4

1.2

II.0

Shrubs and Vines

31.8

0.8

8.8

0.3

2.8

12.9


2

I

2

2


Rhus radicans

Vitis aestivalis

Campsis radicans

Smila~ bona-nox


llex decidua

555

2

Herbaceou,@ S~ecies

Bromus purgans

Elymus virginicus

Geum canadense


Oxalis stricta

Uniola latifolia

Ambrosia trifida

Campanula americana



Eupatorium rugosum

Iresine rhizomatosa

Plantago cordata


Ruellia strepens


Viqla striata

Agastache nepetoide, s

Aster drummondii

Cinna arundinacea

Verbena urticifolia


555555

333

#20.

SUPLMARY OF THE PLANT CO~T~NITIES OF THE OZARK NATIONAL

SCENIC R IVERWAYS

The vegetation of any area may be viewed from at least two

perspectives. First, there is the dynamic or successional view-

point that attempts to explain why one community is replaced by

another until a more or less permanent, stable community is

reached. A second way of viewing the vegetation of an area may

be called the static viewpoint and is mainly concerned with the

description and classification of the plant community that is

present at any given time and place. Since this study is con-

cerned with the surveying of the vegetation along the Jacks

Fork and Current Rivers, the major emphasis of the field work and

the following discussion, is of necessity, concerned with the

second vie~,~oint. This is not to say that the dynamic nature

of the vegetation has been ignored during the field studies or

will be excluded in the discussions below. On the contrary,

field observations made during the course of this survey confirm

that the general pattern of plant succession proposed by

Steyermark (19#0) appears to correlate with the results of our

data. Usefulness of his work is hereby acknowledged not only in

preparing the following summary of vegetational types, but also in

the preparation of Table 125, which is an attempt to summarize

what appears to be the general patterns of plant succession in

the central Ozarks of Missouri.

In order to prepare a summary discussion of the complex

pattern of plant communities found along the Scenic Riverways,

some grouping and generalization is obviously required, particu-

larly if such information is to be useful to the Park Service for

whom this study has been made. Therefore, the plant communities

have been divided into the following broad categories, most of

which, furthermore, can be recognized in the aerial photographs

used in preparation of the vegetational maps of the Scenic

Riverways:

]~ROPHYTIC CO~2"~NITIES

I. Treeless glades

2. Cedar glades

~. Bluff and rock ledge vegetation

#. Open forest of upland sites

o

o p~o (D

T

o ~3o.r-I

Oft

o o"~

zr22.

H

0r~

0

4~5.

0 I>l

0 k~

’r’l 0

(D

o

~’~SOPHYTIC COffeE, NITrES

5. Hardwood forest of ridges and upper slopes

6. Hardwood-pine forest of ridges andupper slopes

7- Forests of draws and ravines

8. Forests of lower slopes

9. Vegetation of steep rocky banks andtalus slopes, edge of river

I0. Forests of river bottoms

HYDROPHYT IC COMMUNITIES

ii.

12.

13.

Forests of gravel bars

Open gravel bars

Aquatic vegetation

DISTURBED COF~q~NIT~S

15.16.

17.

Lowland agricultural sites

Upland agricultural sites

Roadside vegetation

Recreation areas

While an attempt is made to arrange the first thirteen of these

community types along a moisture continuum from dry to wet, it

should be noted that the specific order is somewhat subjective

and is only a qualitative estimate of the situation. For example,

within each community type there is a wide latitude of variation

in the pH of the soil, steepness of slope, direction of slope

exposure, depth of soil, and thickness of leaf mold on the soil.

Most of these factors influence the actual moisture available in

a particular site and consequently influencing the specific com-

position of the flora of that site. Therefore, as far as the

data from this survey permits, the influence of variations of

physical parameters on the fioristic composition of the community

type is included in the following summary discussions.

i. Treeless glades. Treeless glades, commonly known as

limestone "glades" or sandstone, chert or felsite "barrens" are

scattered throughout the Ozarks. These sites are characterized

by the surface exposure of residual rocks and a treeless flora

that is largely composed of prairie species. It is generally

426.

conceded that these "glades" or "barrens" are the initial stage of

a xerosere that eventually leads to a mesic forest climax (Steyes-

mark, i.e.). If the residual rock fragments are limestone,

alkaline conditions usually prevail, and the ultimate forest

community is dominated by Aces sacchasu~ and ~uercus alba. On

the other hand, if the residual sock fragments are chest,

sandstone or felsite, neutral to acid conditions prevail a~d the

ultimate forest community is dominated by ~rcus s~. a~d

Carya spp. On sites located on narrow ridges, Pinus echinata

may be present.

An important feature of these pioneer habitats is the

presence of shallow rocky soil overlying continuous layers of

bedrock; consequently, the soil is thin, resulting in a

fluctuation of moisture extremes. Thus, the soil is saturated

with water by even moderate rainfall, only to dry relatively

soon thereafter. ~herefore, in the summer and fall, this habitat

may change quickly from one with excessive moisture to one with

excessive moisture to one with an extreme deficiency of available

water. On the other hand, in the winter and early spring these

sites are more or less continuously saturated.

The pattern of moisture availability is reflected in the

seasonal appearance of many of the glade species. In the sprin~

and early summer the appearance of these communities is domi-

nated by the fo~.lowing plants in flower:

Verbena canadensis

0enothera missouriense

Camassia scilloides

Oxalis violacea


Castilleja coccinea

Echinacea pallida


Nothoscordum bivale

Some of these taxa, particularly~0xalis violacea and Nothoscordum

bivale will also bloom again, though less abundantly, in the

fall. Other plants remain dormant through the winter and spring

and bloom during the drier summer and fall. Included in this

latter group are such conspicuous flowering plants as

Agave virginica ~etaloste~on purpureum

Houstonia nigricans Gerardia tenuifolia

#27.

~osia artemisiifolia

Trichostema dichotomum

Crotono~sis elli]otica

Ascyrum h_~s~rico~des

H_e._l_~ o~_~s i_~s he i i s ntho ides

Aster spp.

Helianthus

Silene resa~_zs

Cacslia atri~)licifolia

Ta!in~m oarvif lorm~

Euohorbia corollata

Gentiana flavida


A. viridiflora var. lanceolata

~__oly&~num tenue

Coreo~osis ~slmata

C. tripteris

Solids.Ro soo.

Alli~n stellatum

~atorium altissimum

Silphium asteriscus

S. terebinthinacium

Liatris c~lindracea

L. asper

During this same seasonal aspect, the flo~ering of grasses

increases and they become a conspicuous element of the flora.

Those taxa most commonly present are:

Andro~sco~arius

~. ~rardii

~. vir~inicus

Sor~hastrum nutans

T__r~sicum dact~loides

Danthonia soicata

Bouteloua curti~Ddula

E__’ll~aus vir~inicus

Panicu~ virgatum

~oorobolus clandestinus

Aristida dichotoma vat.curtisii

~anicum ]>hi!adelphicum

Although the species in the above three lists are not

entirely restricted to the open glade habitat, the majority

are more abundant and. more vigorous in their gro~,zth in this

type of environment. As a result of similar observations

in other areas, several researchers have attempted to explain

this phenomenon. Erickson, Brenner and ~7raight (19z~2) have

suggested that other species are excluded from the glades and

thus cannot compete, due to the saturation of soil in the

v~inter and spring~ a condition that is conducive to winter rotting.

Quarterman (1950) has concluded, on the basis of her studies of

the glades of middle Tennessee, that the occurrence of ~et and dry

extremes excludes competing species. Furthermore, she postulates

that the reason many of the gla~taxa are restricted to this

habitat is that they are poor competitors in more favorable

zr28.

environments. %%_ether the soil is alkaline or acidic would

seem, a priori, to be an .important factor in determining the

composition of the herbaceous flora of the glades. However,

data from this study does not support this assumption, for

many, indeed most, of the taxa observed grew well in glades

with either alkaline or acid soils. Only the following species,

which seemed to be restricted to those glades with acid soils,

are an exception to this statement:

AscKrum h~ericoides

Solida~o buck!e~$~

£. iunceaAster turbinel!us

A. linariifoiius

A. natens

~richostema dichotomum


Cheilanthes lanosa

Po___l~qn__um tenue

Danthonia s~icata

~t~n._~m~ <~ o;)en £~lades were not included in any of the areas

sampled; however, e~ram-i)les of limited ~lades are found at the

following site s<~mple areas: 5-2, I0-i, ~0-~ (felsite), }9-~

(felsite), and ....

~. o~ear Glades. ±hm~, type of cummunity is the next seral

stage developing froth, the pioneer open gledes discussed above.

The ~real vegetation of these [6!ades is variable, apparently

correlated with the nature of the un~e.~lyin~ rocks and conse-

<~uently, the .... %Y ._, i~-~ of the soil Under a!k~line condition, the

dominant trees are usually Ju_ n_@~. ~_8~iniana and ~u~Fcus

prinoides vsr. scmninata. Other tree associates may include

Comus florida, Fraxinus ~ericana , F. quadransulat~, Os~s.

virginian£, Celtis ~%~I{!.6_~£, B~elia lanusinosa, Rh~nus

carolinian~, ~.~U~. f~~:~., ~.~.Q~p~ros ~rir~iniana and Viburn~

rufidul~. .oap~ngs of trees that .may later dominate this

site, such as ’~ ~-" .... ~.............................. .., ~. rubra and

F~axinus americans~ ore o................ ~ten common, ehe shrubs, Rhus aromatics

~nd ~.~ arbore~e~n,~, and ~he vines, Vi~is aes~v~lis,Rhus r~dieans and. Smilax sDP., ~re often very ~bund~n~. ~x~p!es

of ~l~al~ne gl~des ma~ be seen a~ si~e sample ~re~s ~-~, ~-i and

~29.

When the soil is acid, Juniperus vir~siana and ~uercus

prinoides var. acuminata are either absent or less important.

In their place, the dominant trees are usually some combination

of the following taxa:

Carla texana Ulmus alata

~uercus ste!lata Sassafras albidum

msrilandica

This shift in the composition of the dominant trees is no doubt

responsible for the differences in the make-up of the eventual

climax forests of alkaline and acid sites. In addition to the

shrubs and vines noted for alkaline sites, the following

additional shrubs are likely to be present in acid sites:

Rhus copallina, Ceanothus ~ericanus, and S_INnohoricar-pos orbi-

cularis. Examples of glades with acid soils are found at site

sample areas p~,-p, ~ ~-~., ..... n~ Z~.l-6.

The herbaceous flora of cedar @l@des is similar to that of

open 61ades.

The concept of a cedar glade as discussed above is obviously

broadly conceived and includes not only early seral stages where

Juniperus vir~iiniana and Dios~,ros vir~iiniana or Sassafras

a!bidum and Rhus conal~_ina may be the only important tree species

present, but also includes later arboreal stages that have been

6iven community ns~es such as the Bumelia !anu~in~Viburnum

rufidu!um sta6e or the Ulmus alata-Rh&~nus caroliniana stage

(e.g. ,Steyermark )- Actually, there is a continuum from the

~ery early arboreal sta~ses to the oi~en forests, to finally the

closed climax forests. In this study, -particularly in the

pre~paration of vegetational ma~’~s from aerial photo~,raphs, the

~o~ narrowly defineg seral stages is notreco6nition of these ~-~ ~

feasible.

z Bluff ~nd Rock -- -: ~ ~"~e,~e Vegetation The i~ant communities

of bluffs and rock le6~es are extremely ~,ariable because these

habitats are, in themselves~ hi~h!y variable, m.~.~ nature of the

flora of these habitats is influenced not on!y by such obvious

variations as direction of e},~posure~ type of rooks exposed, or

height of bluffs, but also by variations in such factors as the

amount of cover afforded by adjacent forests, the amount of

seep~:i,:~ (a factor controlled by local stratigraphy) and the height

of bluffs or ledges above the river. As a general rule, the flora

of north and east facing bluffs and ledges will be more luxuriant

than that of south and west facing bluffs and ledges, and bluffs

of sandstone wil! be wetter than bluffs of dolomite, limestone or

felsite. However, there are exceptions. For example, one of the

most interesting and diverse floras encountered was on the lower

part of a north facin~ .bluff at Jam-Up Cave (2~-2). Yet, a similar

f!ora ~as found on the lo~,~er part of a south facing bluff at

Station 15-1. At this latter site, extensive seepage, combined with

its nearness to the edge of the river, have produced a much more

mesic habitat than ~..~ould be e~:pected on a south facing fluff.

Because this study included only one small bluff of sandstone (i0-!)

it is not possible to make a reliable comparison between the floras

of sandstone habitats ~.~ith those of dolomite, limestone or felsite.

However, s:;udies of sandstone habitats else~..~here in the Ozarks

suggests that the major differences bet~een habitats of sandstone

and other rock ty_Des is reflected more in the composition of the

floras of ~on~ ~ es ~o~_~.,mdt~ ant ~fteridophytes than in the higher vascular

nlants.

The number of trees that gro~,7 on bluffs and ledges is

variable. If crevices and ledges are n~uerous, trees may

be common and the leading species are usually Juniperus

vir~iniana and ~uercus o,_ri_~uoides var. acuminata. Locally,

other tree species may be im]?ortant associates. These are:

Acer saccharum

A. rubrum

Carpinus corolinisna

Cornus florida

Cercis canadensis

Celtis tenuifolia

Ulmus rubra

.J~ue rcus alba

~. rubra

Fraxinus americana

F. quadrangulata

i, indera benzoin

Diosp~os virginiana

Tilia americana

Nyssa sylvatica vat.c~-~oliniana

Staphylea trTT~IT~

Asimina triloba

Viburmam prunifolium

Vines are often well developed on bluffs and the species most

likely to be abundant are Rhus radicans and Vitis aestivalis.

Smilax bons-nox and/or ~. tamnoides var. his~ida may also be

abundant, but they are usually restricted to the narrow ledges

of the bluffs. Other vines occasionally encountered include

Parthenocissus <,uinquefolia, Lonicera flays and, more rarely,

Berchemia scandens.

Of all the plants encountered on bluffs and ledges, the

shrub, ~an.Fipa arborescen~., is the species t...~ith the highest

fidelity and it is not uncommon for it to also be the most

abundant plant -oresent. Other shrubs present on bluffs or

ledges include, in decendin~ order of presence, the following

species:

Rhus aromatics

.~_2~aohormcar<os orbicularis

II~oericum soatulatum

Ribes ~7-nosbati

~R. missouriense

Andrachne D.~yllanthoides

The herbaceous vegetation of bluff’s and rock ledges varies

not only with the site, but also with the season of the year.

In the early spring, the most conspicuous and also most abundant

species present are:

Ac~uile~ia c~nadensis

Dodecatheon meadia

In the suu~uer and fal! the foilo~.~ing species are often strikingly

abundant:

Houstonia ni~ricsns

Solida~o rsdula

~. dru~m~ondii

S. buckle~i

Pol~nia canadensis

Heuchera puberula

E!~fmus virginicus

H_ystrix oatu!a

Uniola istifolia

A n~nber of ferns, restricted almost exclusively to the bluff

habitat, are present throughout the year. These are:

Pellaea atroournurea

~. ~Isbella

Ch~mlantheo feel

A. ruta-muraria var.cr~tolepis

A- t_Zl _e_ur

Included in the herbaceous vegetation of the bluff habitat

are some of the rarest plants in the Ozarks. These species, all

found at Jam-Up Cave (I0-i; 10-2), are Campanula rotundifolia,

Trautvetteria carolini~nsis, Z~gadenus ~legans, Galium boreale

vat. hyssppifo~ium and Heuchera pub erula var. glabra. ~he first

three of these species are also found at Station 40-1.

The moisture conditions of the bluff habitat is reflected

more in the composition of the herbaceous flora than the woody

flora. Althou{h drier bluffs are poorer in taxa than wetter bluffs,

they are likely to have the following species:

Cheilanthes feei

Pellaea atropurpure__~a

H_~strix-ostula

Solidago ~r~u_~ts vat. stri~osa

S. rada!a

Solida~o drummondii

Asplenium ruta-muraria vat.cr.v~tolep~

Aster anomalus

Aatennaria planta~inifolia

~uohorbma corollata

On the other hand, moist bluffs may include, in abundance, a

number of the following plants:

Adiantum oedatum

A. capillus-veneris

Heuchera puberula

A_~ui~_~e~ia canadensis

.H_eoatica nobilis var.acuta

Sedum sp.

Selacinel~la apoda

Nite!la ~

Dodecatheon meadia

Psrnassia ~randiflora

C~t_~_teris bulbifera

Lobelia siphilitica

Uniola latifolia

Bryophytes are often very abundant on the vertical rocks or

thin soil of the ledges. G_2~nostomtun sDo. is particularly common

along seepage lines ~.d~ere it may form thick deposits of tufa.

Other soecies likely to be common, especially on vertical rocks,

include ~momodon rostratus, _ attenuatus, iied~,~i~ia ciliata,

~orella o~_la__t~_l.l_~, Forsstroemia trichomitria, Radula andicola,

Leucodon julaceus, and ~?issicens suObasi~aris. Ho~.~ever, on the

thin soil o£’ ied~es these species may be sresent: B_.r~oandersonia

ill.e~ce~ra,Dicranu~ sabuletortm~, D. sco~r~i~um, B~ryum oseudotriouetr~m

~01~trichum .ohioense, ~-. juniper.inu~_~ Climacium smnericanum, ~dnium

cuspidatum and ~d. affine.

The presence of bluffs is not always obvious from the river

basins, for many bluffs are hidden from view by intervening

forests of bottom!ands and slopes. Bluffs may be relatively

high above the river or the river may flow abruptly against

a bluff. In size, bluffs range from only a few feet to up to

40 to 60 feet in height, and not all are sho~r.m even on the

latest topographic maps. In the course of this study, many

bluffs were encountered and north to east facing bluffs are

found at site sample areas 2-2, 6, I0-I, 10-2, 14-2, 28-1, 30-2,

31-2, 38-~, 38-4, 34, ~nc 46-3; south to west facing bluffs

are found at site sample areas 1-4, 7, i~-i, 26-1, 39-3, 41-2,

43-1, 43-2, and ~7-2.

4. Open Forests of Upland Sites. Open forests, where the

tree canopy is from 20 to 60 percent, are common throughout much

of the uplands adjacent to the Scenic Riverways. In many cases,

these open woods represent seral stages in a succession that leads

to either an Acer saccharum - ~ercus a!ba or a ~uercus - Car_~

climax. Frequently, open woods are the result of disturbances,

either from lumbering ~or cultivation; the~efore, they represent

an early phase in the reinvasion of the site by forest species.

On slightly acid to alkaline sites (pH > 6.4), particularly

on south and west facing slopes, the forest is dominated by ~uercus

l~rinoides_ vat. acuminata and/or Juniperus vir~iniana. Other tree

associates may include ~raxinus americana., F. quadrangulata, Ti!ia

americana, Acer saccharum, ~uercus a_~ba, ~. rubra, Q. velutina,

Yinus echinats:, Ulmus rubra, Carya cordiformi%, C. texana and/or

Juglans ni~ra. Ho~..~ever, some of these tree associates appear to

be more com~non on north to east facing slopes, particularly

Acer saccharum and ~uercus~ ~ albs. i~orests of this type are

frequently designs.ted as subclima~ forests (Steyermark, l.c.). On

south and ~est facing slopes where mesic species, like Acer

saccharum, are unable to survive the dry, ~,~ind swept conditions~

this subclimax sta~e may last indefinitely. In such cases the

forest dominants remain J_~u_n_ii~e__r_u~ vir~iniana, and/or .~uercu ~ s

prinoides vat. acuminata. E~.~am~ples of open forests on slightly

acid to alkaline sites are found at site sam~le areas

~ ~< ~" ~ ~-~ ~-5 and ~" ~ ~26-1, 26-2, 28-~, ~)-~, ~,~ , , ~-~.

In sites where the soil is distinctly acid (pH 6.4), the

dominant trees are likely to be Carya texans, ~uercus alba, ~.

velutina and/or .~. stellata. Other frequent tree associates include

~rubra.., ~. mariland$ca, Pinus echinata and/or N~ssa

szIvatica var. carolinian~, while less frequently, Acer saccharum

and Praxinus americana may be present. The more open the site,

the more common are species that appear to require more light for

their survival, such as Zuercus ma~il~ndic~, ~. stellata or

Pinus echiaata. As the for~s$ becomes closed, the following shade

tolerant species are more co~mmon: ~uercus veiutina, ~. rubra, Z.

alb~, Car~y_~tomentosa and/or C. texans. As a general rule, the

latter two species are more important on the drier sites (Steyer-

mark, l.c.). Examples of open forest on acid sites are found at

site sample areas 2-zr, 20-4, 24-2, ~-~, ~9-I, 4~-3, zr3-4, and

46-2.

The understory woody flora of open woods is quite variable.

Not only may it include saplings of trees such as Acer saccharum,

9,uercus alba, ~. rubra, ~..c~ ......... ste!lata, ~. velutina, Pinus echinata,

~ tomentosa, ~. cordiformis or C. texans, but many small

tree species may be common.

Celtis tenuifo!ia

Bumelia lanu~inosa

Pte!ea trifoliata

Amelanchier arbores

Cercis canadensis

Comus florida

C. dr~mondii

~t~l e s trifolia

~elanckier arbores

These are:


~. rufidulum

Rhus copallina

Sassafras albidum

Dios-o~ro s vir~iniana

U!mus slats

Rhamnus carolinians

It is not unusual for many of these smaller trees species,

particularly Ulmus slats, Cornus florida and Cercis canadensis,

to be a major component of the woody flora. Shrubs frequently

encountered in open woods include Ribes missouriense, Rhus

aromatics, Ceanothus americanus, ~ori_c~2%rL~_9~_ orbicularis,

Vaccinium va.cillans~__.V" stamine~ or H_~.~~ arborescens.

i;a.rthenocissus ,"uin:uee~] ~,~ ~ ~ aest ._ .~ ~.._ ~taxa, the shrubs ~L?..cin vac and. V. stamineum and the

tree ~ ~ ~ ~2 ~ ~~ characteristic o£ scid siteo

As =:o~]_d_ be ox-aect,~ia th,e ~ ...... s ..... o’ ~~ ~ co~er

ere tb.s:

l~ryo0!~ytes ~r,_ro often coi.u~on in open t.:oods. ~n e:<;2osed_ rocks

iied:.~i~ ci!iat~ m~y be a0unds~nt. 0n oi:en soil, other mosses

~&~.C~, Aulacomnitm heterostich~.~, Weissia co’ntro-

versa~ Dmtrm ...... ~, :)atlid~:u and_ Thelia ~s:ore].la ere £re;~uently

~ <:oun,~ont on tree trunksencountered. .8~scies oocssiona!ly ..... s-. -

mnc_kuc.e the mosses Drumnondia ororeoens, ~<lamsle]la se!:~][nii,

Leucodon ~u!aceus, ino,;.oo__.n attenuatus anc~ the liver:.~ort,

are often a-oundant on f~llen loins ,~nd. tree strm~t~s.

(l.c) considers that -~ ~ ~ ~. t~e~P~ ar~ t~..ro major uoland hardwood

clima~es in the <::~arks. One, the Acer sscchar~-<~uercus elba

~om eden calcareous glades, ~?~hilesssociation~ has its ori~jin ~

the other, the Carya-(~uercus association, begins in the open

prairie communities of acid glades. ~he second gro:~zth nature

of nearly, if not n!l.~ ~ f~ro~:_t~ in the Ozarks does not seem to

hawe altered sicnificantly the nature of mature t~oods, and these

t:.~o major c!ima:< sssocie, tions still develop), even though of

second~ry origin.

The Acer sacc.maru~:~-.:~uercus a±ba association is generally

~, ..... ~ ~ ~° ~.~h~re ~ ofrestricted to the u.,,~.,~: s_op~o ..... the .?H the soil is

usually G.0 or hi[::her. The dominant trees include not only

Acer sacchar~i end ,.::ju~e~_ ~:~., but frequently also :~uercus

rubrs and we].utins. On dry south or west facin~ slopes,

,:~uerc~_ ~2~J[-:Q~:~. :rat. ac~!inats and Juni-oerus vir[giniana may

share dominance ~.,ith ~csr .:~occn_.zm:~ in some forests, Acer

.....~cch~r~m~ is poorly reore:~ented, in the cream, but its saplings

ere ~u~:~:Ij abun&snt in the understory. Consequently~ :~uercus

co.~ ....mno~. in its imoortanceelba may e;.cceed oll ota~r trees ~ .

Other. _1~=~=::~ tree ~ssocfistes. frecuent]y:.. . encountered include

Pram:inus sz~:ericona~ io. qu<uiren~ulsta, Acer rubrum~ Tilia

americana, J~_ans cinera, J. "~’ nmi~£~_ and ~inus echinata.

Understory trees are common and. may include many o£ the followimj

~Li._o_G.2[fro s virE.iniana

i)runus serotina

i:telea trifoliata

iRhamnus caroliniana

asoafras albidum

iiorus rubra

~ ~ ~, ¯ ¯ ~,~-~ in<.~, .r .... u_o~]_.nants .~ ~ understoryIn ~<~o.mtmon to,:~.~ _~ ~ ~.,~ o.,. the c~_o,.n -~ ~" ~nd

trees, .~_~, .... e ........... ’ ~. cordiformis may

association ~._u foun(! ~;. site sample areas I, 6, . _, , ,

.... "~ " by far, the most extensive~he u~rcus-C~p£m. ~:o.oocz~:~,tion ms,

~’~~ forest in the n~: ~’ni it is ,.aztzcularly common onthe acid ~" ...... .zu.~:. The c~ominant~+~s~ almost invariably includea combination of ~i~.>i~:£ 2,1to~, :0." ~711-~}~,~1 and/or ~prcus rubra

~ < . ov~ota end/or C. tomentoss. .vth..r large

trees a.ssociate,~ ~.<ith the dominants often include ~_ ~%,_<atica

vsr. carolinians ~ !;’rsxlnus amerioana~ ~cer ruor~m, A. sacchar~m,

mlz~ ~ "~" <~ and :.&4ercus marilamdica. The understory of

small trees is similar in composition to that found in Acer

It is not uncommon to encounter rather young ~uercus-

~_a.~[£ forests ~:here a].£ the trees are youns, even a~ed, and

ClO -’ "se.y spaced. Under suc.h conditions, sap!mn[p of the

.... - ~ ~ ~S~ile other smal! trees anddominant trees are v~ry nua~rouo,

shrubs are poorly rem~es~nte~’ Eb~mn!es o~ ~~. ~ ohm .... type of for~ost~ ~ ~e~ !9-I ~-~b~ al-7. S-~~ .....~ ofare ~oun(~ at site sa~u<)le ............. "-~ ...... ~ ......

mature " , ..... -’~ .... _[~.< ..... t ape found, at site sanD=<, areas

1-8~ ~-~:~ ,!~--l~ 5-4~ ~ m’~ ~ ....~.-~ ~ >~.,-~ ~<-~ ~ ~ ,

and. ~o-]_.

In both tyson of climax forests tke understory of shrubs

and vines is usus_Iny :~c!-’ d.evolooedCn the ~ ....s "’~..... ...... ~,_~ C l~k or

~,o ~(].rs~G arboroscens may be .qresent; howeveralkaline szt ..... ~

on the more acid. sites V.~__S.9~.@~.. yssi~:~A~£ and/or ~,. stamine~t

~ most f~,~,u,~nt!y enc.... ~ - ~’"~ ~ ountcred.. 0therwise, any n~ber of

combinations of the ~ollowing

order of cor::mones~,~ may.,,,, occur: 2hus. ....................................................................................... aromatics, Ceanothus ~ericanus

Dirca-:~stustris. and Z:hvsocarous o-oulifolius. Vines ~,r

~ ~ " i~srticularly t]&e more common speciesfrequently very

Vitis aestive.lis, ]:.Jf..A~f .......... 2£2D_.£ 2__k A..9!_ £_[£z-io~ever~ ot.~.~_ ~’~.nes may a!so be encountered one include the

following snecie~,,.~, ,~ listed in s descending, order of commonness:

....... uloocorea spp

csnadense ~ Oml__ax tamnoi~s vRr. hisoida~ Camom~ r~emcans ~ Psssi-

f!ora lutes ~ and Vitis

2me herbaceous ground cover of upland hardwood forests is

highly variable. L~ot only d.oes it vary .,~ith the @ro~.,~ing season,

but ,.~itb. the @ensity o.f t~ forest cs.nopy. In order of commonness,

the f ~ -" "ol~o~,,mn~ ,~.--~ecies~, ~re most likely to be the abundant to very

abundant com~}onents of the ground cover: Antennsria

£~£~.~. ~r~!~.~P~£, !-~o~_~K, ~:~~ nudiflor~,fo!ium, ~’~onard.a ...... ~ 4~-~s Psnicum ~ ~ " "

}>_gP.£}A.g.£ acutil oba, Huhlenber£@£ ache!if era,

arknnssnum, Au.m~:,n~,~,. ~’~* .... Te-ohrosia vir~:inisna. ~.rimonia

~ Act.s lznarmzfo zu,.>, Sl~]us oanadensis,emone canadensis, " ~" ~ " " " 1"

, . ~ "~ ~ s s " ~imonia

:= ................... ~mon~llo, t ...... zctroz,~e,~, Rudbeckia hirta, Parthe~ium2ubcscens, £...£/., !~ ..... £. L.P2£.~" ............[~_.~2~.~i:~.s~!~P.e.SS::~., <,no. scutellaria cysts Furthermor~::~

the fo!lo~,.,inc, s~ecies..Kay also be frequently encountered

~ =zch.<~ .... of’ upl~nd hardwoodAs a croup, the oryophytes and ~"

forests vary from being poorly represented to being very

abundant. If the leaf litter is thick, terrestrial species sre

u~!y few. ~be nu~]]be~~ of epilithic o~e~ of course,~_)j .....~s varies

~ith the extent and t-~)~...~ .... o.f rock_ exoosures. Oenerally, the

~ z ~o~ f~Lora o~.tter deve!o~ed (i.e , contain more taxa)on the north sn<~ east fac" ~ mn~,~Io-~. ~, tn~n on the ~.~t or south

¯~ ~ ~ o~ - .~ o ~ thefacin~ slopes or rm~o ...... In order of their c~

.... .::~l~..s m~ be found, on the roc.~o soil : Atrichumsn£{ustatmn Thuidiun delicatul~m, Thelia aopreila,_picran~q

sc°oari £, S £.OiPSD Gla<lonia sp. ~ B~zoandersonia

Thuidi~:~ secocn@}~£~ A~!p~Ro.mp_%~8_ heterostich~ ~u~chi~m

pulchell~ vat. ~bUa%%~., CamoKli~ chEi[sonhvll~, Climaci~

americanmm, ~_}s~£~][~.m~ mollusc~ Brach~thecium serrulat~, and

art_aroma p~’{~!~5~_. On limestone or dolomitic rocks these

species, in order of commonness~ may be oresent: ~omodon

~nomodon rostratusattenuatus, He"~_,~It%l< "~’~’" 9 ci!iata, ’ ~ P}~chomitriu.~_

incur<~, Homomalli~ adnstum, s.<ne~ Pissidens subbasilaris. 0n

~andstone, Leucol~eunes <~,~~%s and oemato-..~ll~ caro!inianum,

ase infmeiuently enoountese<]. Soecies often encoun%emed on

tree bases ~111~e.~ ~<~_- i~jS~_di._qA seductrix,.~ _~.<._~_<~’~s~ asorella, Tortel~a

o ~ ,~s may be found: Leucodonon the trunks., theoe additional

eboracensis, ~poloh~eni~ trisS%~ and @~>haea somerata. The

most common species on !o6s are Leucodon ~ulaceus and

remens.

As Pinus ech.inats @]rot.rs ~ell on s ,,~ld~ ~rsriety of soi~ ~

,~articulaPly - "~ ~ - ....oom_o t~aat s~re acid snd lo~,~ in calcium, associat~onoof .pine ~:ith other ~.sro...ooc&s ase common within the ~?

kPurthermore, since hi6h light intensity is necessary to the

~. c -, ~d~-~s and rockof <,ine seed].’mnbo~ ...., they initially o~cu.Ty o~}en .......

outcrops, ano. open areos of narro~.~ rmc&ses or steep slopes. These

OOO~ St° ~ _ " ~ "_ ~n~ of 7~ne @re ~oon mnvad.ed by the oaks~ %~uePous

,:t~l].~tas"~ ~ <~:n~ s .... "~. mari~o.~_<:,n,.~mc~" c ~ tm:.t~ ~~..~ usually oresent~ in nearby

woods and ~.:hich o~so r<~.umz~ hig,]h ligsht intensities for

~hese ini%i~l ~ -

harcb,~ood~oo,0~cm< ~ " ~ ....~ such -~:~ ~ (~uercus slbs ~ ~{. , <~. rubra

and Gary,. so<~) eventually rod.uc~ sufficient shadin6 to limit

further reproduction of Pinus echinata. Eventually, as pines

<_i,:~,:,o a c~.l~ax ,3~uercus-Caryaare el’" "" ~ oN e or o _ age,

.... ociation euerses.

occurrence or ~ine in the 0L.erks is not ~..__,~]-.;ov~s.~ the

result of s natural cour.se of invasion. A conm~on practice~

"encouraged end -~racticed by re~mona~ forest service a[~emcies,

the p!antins of ~pine on suitable ui21smd sites. #m such ceses

=~.~o,e,_ or at killed bythe comoeting

gird!" ~’" " .... ~ -~ ~ln~ so that the n~c~:,~oo=o~ lm6,:t for 6cod sro,,~tn of oine_

seedlin6s reaches the forest r~oor. It is probab]_e that many

of th,;~..’~n’~ }.~_ cod sites within the .park~nace~ this origin

in the ~re<~os studie"~ .... ~ _ _ . ~ -,..... ~. in tnm,., su~rey, ire trees sharing

..... - o ~ in order of’ their commonness,dominonce ~:ith i:inus ~ " ..... ~ ~e

%uercus a!ba~ :o. L;’elutina~ ~. rubes, :-~ncL ~:]..y~ texans%uercu@

tomeD_t~_%, and .~_~_i.D£_r..u___% _v_i_r~i_n__i.~_a_:,rere less frequently present

and seldom exceeded 12~$ in relative density or comoosition of

basal area. Reproduction of Pinus echinsts is generally poor

in sites ~,here the canopy exceeds

The ~m~,ll~ ~ tree soecies~ most likely to be encountered in

the understory of pine-hard~.,;ood forests are, in order of

co~m~onness, s.9~9~s_ -~J:9~A={<~_, ~ulelanchier ~rbo_,_~a, Sassafras

Viburnum 1Drunifo]_3~7£~ Vaccinium a~}pse~., and. Zuon~mus

stropur-ourea. .~_~ charscterilstic shrub genus ms Vaccinimn

(~. vaciilans ~.n<k ~. fi}?~!#!seum) even though it is not a~ s

¯ oresent, nor is it limited to these forests alone. Other

~].~=uo~ frequently encount~ ~ ..........................eree. include Rhus aromrtica~

~ano~,.0.u .... ~m~moa:~uo. The vine flora may_. c~.~%~:~AD~, ancinclude t~mo 18<_lc~.n~ ~o.rt.n~nocl .... uo ~U~cu~9~, Vitis

aestivs!is~ ando~,a~"m’lax bona-nox.

£ero~.c~ou._ ground, cover ......... y ran[;e from sparce to fairly

,m ....species most fre<:uent!y abundant includ.e:dense .... !~

~¢~.~ other herb&ceous taxa, including most of those Im~te<~ for

upl~nd~h~d’-’o~d~,~,~. ~ .,~u.~+~’~,, may occasionally be ~oresent and even

abundant.

At,~:mt~ ~’" ~ i,![ .... r ......" ....~ nos~-~,~- (for t.~ ~ ~:s,’_~..rks)- occur that have northern

@~oGr~ ,mmcal affinities @tpne ,~-~ =~.4~tm.mum ru~osum, Rb~%iadel-

2hus tricuetrus, i)icrnn~: s~urium, and~7)7 ~ur~:::i~.,..~ _,, schreberi

~i,’~ "~ ex~osed, rocA,.~are ~e .....

~.ru~nm .......u,=rro~, anct Lntodon seductrix. The

latter s-0ecies .... ~ ~ , -o ~_~’~-ri~ re-pens is_ ~c~u OCO~ O~ ~0[~

also common. }~3~&29_ ~u!sc~.~2!, ~.~_~,mon~z~. ~o_~ ~n.. , and7~ ," _ .... ,.l~:uently 6re:< on the tree t:un

Sxar.roles 03’ u~!;~n£L pine-hard.rood forest are found a.t site

~......~ , ~ ,-- -~ ~, p_~°~,-~ !8-2 pn_~ 21-2

~. ~or~t,~. of .~r~,s enc. R<ez~ines. plant communztz~oof drat~s and ra’Tines r~re difficult to fit into any rational

m < <’~-<7.ient of t}~: lope ~_ ~............... s the nature o

rocks, the dee2nesc of tke ravine and the oosition of the

communit[,i <.,~ithin the (Irc<<~ all influence the sctu8! com-2osition

of the plant com~<~unity. Near t]~e source of the dra~ the forest

community a)pi6ro<:.ches the composition o:’,’ .~Nercus-Carya or

Acer ssccharui:~- ~uemclls n],bs, associations~ :q:~ile near the mouth of

the dra~: the co:~oostion or the forest me no% significantly

different fro~u the ~cer sscchar~u-Ccrys cordiformis association.

forest of ’ - - -,"~:~’~ ~ oapticulorls< those ee re_o~bed on

so much so, as to c~zstzn,":uzsL~ them as a ,J~e-~n~te.~,.~.±.._ associatioi<,

the %uercus a±..,<.~-~cer rubr~n association.

±n~ze is no _ ion that tsthe fores of draws and ravinesare mesic and U._~Ua]_kJ rich in species. Dominant trees may include

A. rubr~u, ~r~.~lnuo ~ericana,s combination of ~cer s~cch.ar~, _s~_~,,atica vo~. caroliniana,

..................... ~urthermore ~

~)_~ 1.~Ol, ~s . ( .......~ ......< .... @r~ occ.ssion@l] y

±’he rickno~s of tress ravine forests is delnonstr~:te<,._ not

only by the co:<~osition, but also the aoua<~ ~nce of unuerstorytree<~ shrubs ~4 vines~ .,.~ <=:~,., and. the herbaceous~.=,~-’~,~,-~..~ cover A

n~’,ber of small tree:~ many characteristic of forests of lower

slopes ~:.nc .~ .... ]L)O%%OTnS~ are fre<.uently found growinS abundantlynear t],e moutk of ~’"~r~ ss "~I! as higher un on the

than usua!. This is ....... ~ ~ ".p,<~ o=cul<~r].y true for ismmina trilobs,~.inc, cra ben:}’,oin, ...... ~o_,_~: trifolis and usr-<.inus carolinians.

- < ....." <~lently <~o.co~t~.r<.<: include ~nelanchier~. 7+ ""~-’ ~’ " Sassafras albid~, Cornus alternifolia

~ " ~ ..... ~ ?o . .r~ frequently abundant andand ~zburnu.~ ~.~um~..liu~,~ Shrubs ~ ~

include one or more of "-~- ~., k., ~ C !~.,o : Aralia race~osa ~

Kydrancea ~.r..oo.~oceno, ~=~ooc~r,,u~ 0,7,U~i~ollus, Ribes cKnosbat~~an6 Dirts -oatus%Pis. ’Dhe vines bartheno~{ ~ ......u~ <:uin~:uefolia

R~ ~ ?" P~, bone-nex, and Viti~ t~estivalis are usually

<)resent and. often abundan%, ,.:hi]..e the tr~{~ ~ ....obovatus is encountered infreouentlv _:tpough the roody species

reflect the mesic cher~cter o2 the forests of <~_rawo and ravines,

the ~ ~ ~~<~ro<:c~ou~ sround cover so~oeo ~ to be even more imoortant

__ heD~tlca ~o-as an indicator of tb~s condition, in the early ._slorins, ~ ~ "

is vat. acuts~Arissema atrorubens: _~.~__ oana~u~..n~mm<~ %~nadensis, Tri!limm~ " " ~ s Anemonellssessile, ~qumle<<ma canadensis Smilacin,q ~ooe~:o~.a,

tkal ictroides, £ribL~-.= 9.!~tb~[tf..~’£, and Dentaria ~ scinists may~ a ~_uneant Later, manybe found in ~lo~;er and ~re locally very % ~ .

other tam@ of ~erR~ ~ ~ ~~ ........~c~o.R) flowering plants ...... y be found in florer,

and those most frequently encountered are Fol~nia canadensis.,

Oali~ triflorum~ i.~9.~£>A.a~£, canedensis, Veratr~m woodii,

Cau!ooh2-11~ tha]ictro]u~.o Thaspi~n barbinode, Passiflora

lutea, o~necio aureus and A~b~ l~vi~. Ferns frequently

o,ecm~s Adiant~m pedat~, D~yopt.erisabound~ particularly the "~f " ~,

Pol stichum eerostichoidem, Aso]_eni~m rhi::,o,~hwll~m, Uoodsia

obtuss, end Botr-.~chi~ virN~inianum.

}~,_e moist s]~s, ded cond.itions of altars and ravines are

ideally suited, for th,~ cro,rth of bryophytes. On soil. the

follo~:inC ta},<<,, are ~e>,e~ted].y encountered:

Exs~ .....,~es_ . o.,÷ revine and. dra’,,; forests ..... ~e- found at site

., ,; ...... ’.~ .....~ , - sink ~1ol~, ~,, .

8. 2orests of !o~.:er slo,,.]~. The composition of forests

alon{ the lo:~er s]o~es is highly varieble and likely to be rich

in both ri~er-bottom ,:~n£ u~-~land taxe. In most cases, these

forests ~,:-,eo~ to re~:,resent an ecotons! ares bet:,~een the ser~.7

stages of the ;m:::_:~., .t]L.xt,:.~!~,~,~.:-Y~i~]> cor,iiformis climax of river-

bottoms and the sez’~] sb~s. .,o~ o.f uol~nd., clir~axes, ~articularly,

those sta~es _._en<~mnc to the Acer sacchar~m-(.~uercus alba climax.

The soils range from slightly alkaline near the base of the

slope to acid near mid-slope. The forest canopy is usually

closed, up to 90~, but may on steeper slo.Des be relatively open.

It is not unusual to find bluffs and ledges, as well as large

boulders associated ~ith these lo~,~er slope sites.

Those trees host likely to dominate here are, in order of

’ ~ ~ Acer saccharin, <~uercus prin-their commonness, ~u~rcuo rubra,

~ro~-{~ americana, %Fl~}-~us rubra, andoides ~;ar. ac~inata, ...... ¯ ......

~Jd_~ercus a!ba. :Cf lesser import~mce, but frequently encountered

are Acer rubrum, ~D~, ~S. cordifp~’2~. Car~<inus carolin-

iana, F~a>~inus ’~enns~rl~mnica, G!editsia triscanthos, ~

~ni_ @n~_~. Y~istanus occmo.entalm~, £uercus velutin~, Ulmus

americans, i~:~tn:L ciner,ea 2.- not unusual for

the understory trees to be very abundant and in respect to the

Asimina triloba, and Comus floridaspecies Linders u<;n::.oin~ _

it ms orobable that they ~ e" _ ~=m.. -present in 90[’~ of the lower s!ope

sites. Other understory trees that repeatedly occur in these

areas include: ~elcnchier a~o~r~., Cercis csnadensis, DiosDyros

~ia_~us~, Junioerus Z~~F~ Rhsmnus carolinian~, Sassafras

albidmn, bt~mh~le~, trzfo~.z,-t, and Viburn~ ~runifoli~ Under-story trees ~ess frequently encountered but ~oresent are: Cornus

dr~mondii, q~wq~< americans, I"iorus rubra, i:runus s~ericana,

B~elia lanu~inosG.~ and [~.[~_~.. a~a~.~ as we]_) as Alnus serrula~a,S~bucus canadensis, and Sali~ caroliniana~ ~.~rhich are ~artio~lsrly

evident near the bases o.[’ slopes that end 8,brm-ptly at 1he edge ofthe river.

Shrubs and vines are also usually abundant. In the shrub

~_~.._..!~p!S:~c_~.~_ is the most frequently encountered

soecies, in addition to being very often the most aounu~nt of the

s~.rus species ~>resent ’~ []ard to vines, ~:arthenocissus

~~[p~i~, i{~2. ~f~ia~:~3~, and Vitis aestivaiis, occur most

commonly and ....... ~;m,~<~,~ti~~_~ ......~. ~Ther shrubs and vines encountered

in the fo:r:.e:{~t of !o~:er sl.ores in order of commonness are:

Dioscorea s~,"4. Rhus aromatica

Sm±lax bona-nox

S. ~mnoides vat. hisnida

C__a~u~i3 radic ans

Aralia racemosa

~horicarpos orbicularis

Rosa sD.

C__ephalanthus occidentalis

~S£ n._alus tr i s

Herbaceous species that are frequently present on !ower

~. co~oinnum

t~ao nauy of these taxc are also common inIt should be noted " ~

the river-bottom _~oreot~.

3ryop~,~t~_ may be abund~.nt rithin the forest of lower

slopes, oart" ~ ~ ~ -.... mcu~.~r=~ if rock e~posures are co~on. 0n shaded

rocks the soecies thst are often abundsnt are Anomodon

attenuate, ~.. rostrstus, A. minor snd Hedwi~ia ciliata, while

on the soil, Atrich~m S~~5~D~.., Thuidi~ .delicatulum,

B~F~.~r~P~ ~.P~.~.£~ ~.~,~_~D~, c~.i.~u~_, ~n~ lindbe~i~_,

:~e~mcsnum~ <:,nd (]~-~rovli~ chrvsooh~llmn are often abundent

The trun ..... oe tree~:~ m~y ~u~<.~o~t the ~ro~th of Kao!oh~neni~m

trist~. Leucodom ~u]aceus, ~nomod~n et~em~stus, enG D=~

Exsmio!es of forest communities of lo<.,er slooes occur at

..........~ite sam]?!e sr~ ]_-~ ,!~-/~ 6, ’~, I/ , ~,~.,- , ~,-~_, my, ~6->,

Ver<et~tion of sten;->, roc1_~K ~ ~ ..... n.~ taluo, edge of

.~moes a]o-n.,b ootk the

Current ri~.=ers ~,here stee:~ roc]qf b~;nks an<. uxtonsive talus slopes

~re in juxt~,,osition to tLe i’~ " -stre =o~.,mn~s sms. i~ost of these sites

are subject to inured_orion ,,£urin{~ f’!oo<~s in the s2ring~ conse-

~ - "~ ~ ......... ’- _~ distinctly sllu~ial an<~. sandy.euently the so!_~ ,~l~b~o ~s

’9he oiant co~:k~unities of bkese site~{, ere mot conveniently

of flood_o!ain or riv.<:;r-bottom co~m;~unities. ~ ..... ....ny species,

ere aquatic in nnture ~nd.. seem to gro~ ~ell among the rocks

at the river s .~,,ige -~¢ -~-~ tkey n~,::,~e becoiue est~..o_m.on.~ d.uring£

i e , they Sro<; on ~d=J !~nd but r~ave roots that exten<i, down to t~:e

oo.tu~.at~d .... soil .~t th<~ level, of the river. Where the slopes are

~,~0 ...... o .....on of u-o!~- ~ ~ .... } ";rather steep, t,~x,n ~," ~,~ c ....... . .

Acer saccharine, .?raxlnt~s oen~sYi.vs~lc8 vat. subinte6errima,

Ostrys vir6inions. : -~u~ ~. ~ ~.:~..K~ ~. , ~ Asimina-~.xlnu,~ icans Ulmus ruors,

triloba, 8tanhy]_es trifolia~ ~nd Aesculus glsbra In audmtmon

to these o ,~ " ~ ~oro~ .... f~uctlco~ ..... , ~o.~s~ .... I~ vernalis~

.................................. ~.a,..~icum spatu!ath~m, and l~h.ysocsr<~usooulifolius~ ai?e ~omet-’~..aeo~ coT~mon, es~;~eci~=ly., ot the edge of the

riwer. 9hle ~ioo£y crass, Arundinsria Ni~RDt.ea, is infrequently

encountered, but ~:hen 2resent is usually very abundant. The

vines, Rhus rsj~Af~o~c, Smilax bons-nox, S. ~iamnoides vsr. ~i~pidaj

and Parthenocissus ~uincuefolia, and the shrub, H~angea

srborescens, are reoested!y p_e~ent in these sites

The herbaceous flora is usually dense and may contain a

large variety o£ t.nx~, elthough the species most characteristic

of these sites inclu~ s<iu.~tic t~-~m such as Sleocharis clara,

Sau~urus cernuus, 8~sitto ~" o s.~..... ~:~zm ..... and Justica americana, as well

as the taxa that occupy s phreetophytic position. These are:

The bryo.phytes commonly ~resent along the edge of the river

include the e-: m~ithic s?ecies Porel!a pis_n~t_ma_, Anomodon

attenuat~E, ~. ~t~a~, J~uomodon minor,.Narchantia ~o~orpha,

D~ortiera hirsuta, and Conocephal~ coni~u~. ~, and the terrestrial

species, Philonotis sp., ~D~ lind.ber~.~ ~oa~dersonia

illecebra, Bsrtramia oomifo~is, Aulacomni~ heterostich~,

Thuidium delicatulum ~i]~_~m. £v~ida~~ and ~j~. affine, opecmes

more rarely encountered include Timmia nega?olitima and

~m curvifo!ium on soil d Trichostomum ~lin~ricum~

and ~.~m,ny~lu~ deola.nat~m on rocks.

Zxam-o]_es of mesic <~ites on steep rocky slopes and talus

slon,r the ~,-~ .... of the rivers are found at site ss~ole areas

2-1 ,q-]. 6 ].0-c’ ~ " 15-1-.] ~-

]0. i~orests of ri~er bottoms. As soi! is Eradually built

up on old 6ravel bars, forest communities take sha~e in a fairly

regular patt~ ~ ..~ ~- ~. u~.~ ....... initis~ for,,~t,~ of gravel bars (see ii

l:latanus occiclenta!is, .3~lixcaro~nzan~ " " - a and Kam&melis ~erna]_is~ -~h-. forc.sted bars ,~ dominated by~hile along the ~rren~ c,~.:~ ....

Platanus oc+m<<o~.~.~.Im~.~, omlmx "~" ~ . and

Betula n~m~£. As a!!uxria! de?omits accumul~Tte and the streams

cut deeper channels, flooding is lens frequent and at least

two metal forest communities lemding to a c!ima~ Acer maccharum-

c ii~.~ x ..... be cosnized_. (Steyermark, _~ar~a corc~ifo~mis mo.o re 79zrO).~ ~ these are the ~c~r saccharinum-In tn~ ,Scenic Rr<<er:<sys recion,

}>opulus deltoides s-t~e~ <~nd the rn ............ ¯ o ~ ~" s

Z¢ome of the bottom-lane4_ ~..~;,~oo inoluded in this survey olear!y

2it into either of ~ ......... ~~q4 ...... ,~to.7]~eo

the climax type :~ere not common, for only one forests at stations

9, ]-}-], and ~/6 had a ~_~ibnlflc<:nt nm,~ber of indi~d.duals of

Acer saccharmn ancl o~.:~<:,, ~_9~f.,ti~:,.9_~.~_~i. _J.u absence of clearly

defined succe ...... mon<:.l staues <~n<~ climax t~upes is most likely due

to the second anck t]}ird sro, tn nature of ~resent river-bottom

forests.

in extent of development, the best river-bottom forests occur

along the lower reaches of the Jacks Fork and Current rivers

where the valleys are broad. Even here, most of the original

forest sites are or ~ere under cultivation. Even so, remnants

of river-bottom forest have often been preserved adjacent to

the river channel by land owners employing ~.~ise flood control

practices.

The sl!uvial soil of river-bottom forests overlies old

gravel bars, an<]_ is particularly evident ~..~here the streams have

eroded_ away r~a.rts of the b<,mk, ("Photos 2zl. and 25). Here, usually

sandy soil is slightly acid to alkaline (pK G.4-T.7) and accum-

ulation of humus :,m,s not observed to be extensive. Whether this

lack of hm~us is normal or a result of the extensive floods in

the late <~inter of 1969 is not kno:.n, ¯

The domin~ ~no crees the rzver-oottom forest include,

in order of co~x~onncss, ~[!_[£~9_r~p.F~,~i.~..a~.[<~u_~ occidentalis,

Fraxinus americana, 0~£}~R£~ m.~p~F-<~~ ~,~ saccharine, A.

~~ Other~ ~o~ trees that are occasionally encountered,

but usually less important (~J relative frequency and ~ relative

bass! area < ~q:i% o~ Acer ne6undo, Aesculus glabrs, Frexinus

oennsylvanica, :3]ed.itsia tri@csnthos~ Jug]..@ns sirra, Po~ulus

~i_~.. ~ l ..... [ .........."’A.~ ~ ac~in~t~ ~,%. rubra, <ilia

~nericana, and U!mus o.seric~ns. Under~tory trees are usually

~ ~ol~::no triloba,abunds.nt, part’c~ ~ .... the ~n~ ~’~

cs.solinisna,~

Tn such

Vitis aestiva!is o~~.~ i"~rthenocissus cuincuefolia may become

.. " _~_ ±:.e shrub soecicsquite %rolific ~:nd mn r~:s.ny cases cuite narge. ~ ....

~ .m,..oo orbicularis.most commonly ~.~resent and a~undant is. Sy~fhorics p °

Other vines and shruos thor m,?y be e-n~n~-n~S include

- ~:n.~_ er resleast le~s common, on the Jacks l~ork River ~ d the up9 oh.or

of the Current River.

.... -~’~-" uh~ bottom forests isThe herbaceous ve~,~,>tmon oi ...... ~ river

abundant and luxuriant, hany species rosy be abundant, and in

this category t,~ose most rre,quently encountered are:

Other s>,ecies only occn, sion~o!ly present and/or not usually higher

on the abund.@nce ~, ~.,s tram infrePuent [email protected]:

urn conadensis

i3ilene .ate!Isis

Gollinsonia eanadensis

Bryophytes are often abundant on the tree trunks and

decsyins logs.. The most cerumen corticolous~ so~cies.~ are Leskea

.... ~7~ Anomodon sttenuatus, and Forsstroemia trichomitria.

On logs, ]£ntodon seductrix and Y’!~’rimn recent are conlmon.

E .....~7 ~ of ~oto~ forest are located, at site samole

o ....str,~ " . AlonN both the $acks ~ork

............ ’ b::,r q ’ Qheyand Current River,s, ’~_’~ ~s ....... a~,e extremely common.

contain extensi-{~.,o o ~cn" - ...........’,-,e’,~’ [see _£ ),and forests in various

~, -~,~:~ f ’ ~. .... often

designate<~~ as bk.e _3:::]-i-;c ........ ....ccroiinians-H~:~mame’_ .k~,-’o vernalis

is a much less common <~or.~ber of this association a!ong the

ourrent~’ 2i-~er_ ~_s~i(k-- ~ .>a.:ix caroliniau.a ~ay be the oo=_~ ~e member ofthis oioneer oomnunzt~7. ,’~-.qT~ n:-~.~ .~ ro.,n the rear,gins or the

~.... ,oteyermsrk recognzzes~x~__ ~ fl~ ~_ soi! S ~,co~..~:~.e(,~

an older forest s~<e tke ~{cer s,:~oo ..... rz..~m~ z ooulu~ deltoides

association. Zn this st~Se Ylatsn~s occidentaiis and Ulmus

rubra are also ~ ~ ..... ~ ....

oresent amo~_<~ o~ Cu ....... nt [lJ:<e~’~ a<}~oears to be absent or at

least rs~re a~on~" the~<sc~’- ~ork 2i~er

These t~,:~o _forest e.ssoc~_s. .... ozons actusll~~ reTp, resent~~ as C_o all

sssociations~ s.n :~bstrsction of the most commonly encountered

@rou-oin[: of s%eczes ~lonc ~ ~,o~4, la~ time nnd environmenta!

o ....o~tion of " <’~’ddient. Conse~,~.u~ n~-’~o~_y, tke c ....... , ~ zn~._z z.~u~ stands is

~rarza~,le, a conCition certainly reco~;ni:sed by otoyerm~,rk

NevertheRe .... +~r~ t<;o fern, err o.ssoci.ationo sre~ from o ohysior~nomic

" ~ ...."~ -~ ........~~ ~ ioneer forests o ....~u~,l]_y

o~-~’~ ~ ~-~ ’77~,.~-",~’y~ic:~ and_ biotic factorsa_e~.ulop into ~"::~ oz<~.:,t’:~.

behind such a t:r’ensition need furtker study ,~n<i these ~ravel b~r

e _~_~-~n~ ,>~’-~:~..,.,~. to ~:)p]_y_ ~-’r~diont analysis

The first ~ecosni ...... o].~. forest on @~ravel %srs consists

amelis ~<ern<:iis. A num%er o{’ other ~oody tcxa may also ben~ n~ ~ the "" v~n .... Pamthenocissuspresent 8 ~uncant~

}~ rsRicsns~ Vitis su~es%sis and

..... ~zu ......_ ........~ ....................................l~soca~ooulifo]..ius. " ant_ ~An~orrJ).s ~ -" a osplmn~s of Platanus

_ <~ e~ verst bung.ant in this nioneer woodyoccid.entslis :~r’.~ o: ~ a

stas,se.

~.~ letter t~:o trees

~aczt;~ £ork A nu_ubor o£ o~<-,’~r ±;axe 02 ~az’:-:e trees may be locallz~

imnortsnt rssoci<t,c,.~ of ........~:~,.::-:,~; o J ~~ -’a,:~r forests These are~

J-u~lans uifp~:, if’i] i~’. r:<x.:: ?i¢;~u.’.~ .]1££?? .q."cch;~rum, ...................end Neclura

pomiferc

lTackelia virsiniana

~totaenia canadensis

Pile a

@eum csnadense

Viola stricta

Leersia virginica

Rudbeckia laciniata

Aster lateriflorus

Bryophytes are present in these woods on tree trunks

and lo~s. Species most likely to be encountered are Leskea

.racile~c~no, P7etva~vri~m re~n~-~, and Entodon seductrix.

ExamPles of~.~o~ ...... i %~..~.~ forests are found at site sample areas

I-~, ~-I, 10-2, ~..5-2, !~]~_~, ,~=~.o, ~,_-I~°, ]~-!, ].~-2, 44, ~9-i, and

~8-!.

~2. 0pen areas of ~’ravel bars In addition to the presence

~’ ,~ ...... ~ lopment, extensive openof forests in ~.~arious ot~.~e~.~ of c_eve

areas are common on ~.a~s:_ bars ~’~. ~ the coarse substrate is

devoid of h~us, and m~-{y contain considerable sand which is

o urthermore, a remarkableusually circ~meutra! (pH 6.~-7.2). F

variety of ~q ~.~ell on these sites~ in s~ite of the factthat this habitat is fre:~uently flooded, has a hiEh ~ater table,

and is rather .... " _~.~mc on the hitcher Darts of the bar. Zt aopears

that many of the species. , oarticulsr~y.~ .... annuals, have their

disseminules ~_eposmted ~ne~ each season on the bars as flood

water recedes, and tn~;.~.~~sc~{oe{~_..~.~ of ~ravel bars as "botanical

trash he~nss" is~ c~ o~inly apnropriate.

The only shrub conmonly encountered, in the open @ravel areas

or ~and bars in .’,-~,r}~o~icaroos orbicu!sris Other shrubs such

Rosa caroliniaua, anc. ~Sj:~:u~ P~J~I~:#£~J}S: may occur in open areas,

but are not co~:tr~on. T%e vine, Vitir~ rupestris is apparently

...... ~ i bars ~ ~ the Ja k~ Pork, but-~esent on ~ost of the

is either absent or r~.re ......

The herbaceous ~ "~ oa.ro varies materiallyf.~o< .... of ~jravel ’,

from the lo:;er t.ret areas to the higher dry areas of the bars

This ms oarticul~ ~- ..." ._ ~r~, a~0arent on !after bars like the one at

Station 25 (see page 2]]for discussion% ~ ~ ~. ~_~t~ou~.~m the actual

n~ber of s~cies 0resent on any one bar is usually very large,

Pone s-oecies are more commonly encountered She usually

to very abundant. These are:

monooooca

~_ost is ~lba

A. perennsns

Amaranthus h~bridus

~brosia arte.misiifolia

A. trifida

Aristida 6ichotom,~

A. csudata

Bidens bi3oinnat a

B. cernum

B. connata

s. frondosa

~ia ~’!sndice

Genchmus !oncis-oinus

Centaurea m?~cu!osa

Commelina erecta

Croton nonanth o~}mus

Cuohea - " " -

str~osus

o s.n mu!n ~ ~_ i s

Diod.@ te~es

~chinoc] oa

~u,.,atoz i~,~ co,~_._~,~tinum

Zuohorbia dentcta

Yroelichia sracilis

Gaura biennis

Geu~ canadense

-ile !.enim~ autumnsle

ioomea pandurata

isan~huo b~achiatus

~ustica americana

Kickxia elatine

Leersia p_~ o id e s

L. ~irsinicus

" " r] " ~enol_ lor~i

Lespede::~a cuneata

bobe!ia cardinalis

Oenoth.era biennis

~xalis stricta

~<Slo I ._~ dodecandra

Po l~E.9!~! pens~/ivanicm~

za officima!is

Setaria viridis

,3norobolus clandestinus

~ridems i’l n%~s

Uniolo latifolia

Verbena,.~otricta

V. urticifoli@

Ve ~’ "s"~r~e~ mm~ alternifo!ia

~Ternonia crinita

Veronica comoss

bar areas .... s~e found at site sample..... ~ %4 .%}-1 and

_-~ >. Acus, tic~ ~ veo~tation. A, u~t~ic, co~munities occur in

quiet pools of ~ ~,ter in backwashes an£ ox-bow lakes, alon~stream banks, oround the edges of [~’r~.rel bars, in swiftly

.... ~llower parts of the river, and in andflowing water of the ~ ~

along spring branches. ’~he vegetation of the latter habitat

,~as not studied in this survey since it has been adequately

treated, elsewhere (Steyermark,

A n~ber of olants may occur st the water’s ed~e along the

. csl!ed ohreatoohytes, include woodystream banks Such plants, _

" ~ ~ Betuls

~Es.__, acer nei~unio ~iLl~-.~tnu~ occmlentolmo,

alnu~,~e~ruma~,~~ ~ ~ ~ and. herbaceous snecmes~ ss Leersma oryzoides,

L. virsini~,, c~, Bi~@n~ conna~, B. comosa, B. cernua~__B- po!yleois,~.

0noclea sensibilis: Looelma csr,mmns!ms~ ~onuzu~ caracea, Uniola

..... o~,tis m~keo ~n<uisitum h]~emale var elatuu,

roljsom~r] h~<<~o<i~er _:~.~nt]loru~ sed_oides~ C,:~mu~anul8 smericana~

Ammostis ....... .~)e=.enn~.n ..... ~nd <coDus rubel!us.

in <uite .~e:-. ~)oo!s of ~:ater, ![u~ohs.r luteuu~ var. ozarkanm~

is often 0resent. ghe m~ssive rhi~one of this olant is located

~m<~ its ]_e~ float on the surface ofalons~ the river botto~ ~

the ~mter.

Around_ t~ -~ ~<i~.s o~ ....... m~ bars -<~srticulsr!y on the dorn-

~tr~ ~ ~-~..-)ortions~ the ..... .~n<~-~_o or uuddy ~ooi~_~ at the edge of the river

i~ saturateC~ an<i ~’ov~:~d ~-~; ~ster durin~:] hiqher stage~ of the~ ~ ~ ...... ~ r~ay be present,river. !n these site<~, a aumo.:~r of [email protected]~]%t~s _~,

porticulsr!y suck s.~ecies ;_~s. ._.~TT=~.~icsrr~e micr~ntha~. ___ ___~Ero<~r°stis,

~[onoldes,. Ycronica co~aosa, Scir~us ~--~ " ~ _~ _~’- vallidus vat.

Pj~:~bristv!is suttu~ma]_~., Lu£~’i~ alternifo!ia,G. 8riststa~ .... ~

oa~ittaria mstm.~.olm~.~ sn£ Justica ....~,~ican<~,~_ . The latter

i~ prob;R’o~y ~ the r~ost co~mom s<}uatic plant in the fs~’~. it is not

in shallo~; ero<~:, alons str~Sc.~ banks ~rh.ere i1 is often associate£

Nany of these s?ecies are characteristic of soils rendered poor

and sterile by over cuJ_tm,ration and/or ~.rasing.

The ~oody species that invade lowland old fields usually

ap?esr in the second and third years and may include any or all

of the following s’;ecies:

.$ .... ? oo........... r ..... albidum

Dzoo,.~roo vir~iniana

"~,~_. ~_~ ~nadensis

Asimina tri!oba


Juni<~e~us vir[~iniana


it is senerally conceded by residents and long time observers

of the vesetation of this re~’emon" , t.~.~.~.~t left unc~msturoe~, these

.... ~-lec~zt o z~ triacsnthos.oI~ fiez~s N,~y in time be dominated by r~ ~. ~-~

A_~t~ou,,,n the o ata from b.~z~ o ~.,.~.~-~ ~uz,,s~ is insufficient to substantiate

this observ<.tion~ o~oo~- .... that i9 could be correctSince <~le~mtsis~._ tr£acant!.%oo~ m~’~ s. thorny and un&esirable species,

. -~’t ...... trmacantno~ from low] andit may be nrud.ent to _~_~.~ao...~ Oled.itsia " ~ ~ ._ .

fields and to plsmt in its :~zace o_,ac.~ ~.,mlmut (~u~ans ~) or

.~ (Cam a illinoensis)L~,-~:-:r-~]~s of_~o~.Cand .... olN fie~s~<=, are found at site sampl=,

.... -’ and ~: %-1.areas 8~ 16~ ~,,,

15. U-r~,~_an~ ~;:ricultural 3ires. Since so rauch, of the u?lands

is in fomes%s, pelat~ ~< re: uolanc], o!d. :~ ....... are rrithin the

~a~, ~ouuCari~s ~.~,~ iu tke case of the oI~.. ?ie~ds of !o~,,S.and

sites, the n~xbcr of areas stucmec~ mn this survey is not sufficient

~a~ more t~c&~ qo£~e broad, genera!i~ations~

to be d -’" ~-e4 ’ conbinstion o£ such ~-~-",~ aso ,. ~ c l,.. S .~Ibr o s i a

" " - ’ ate i-~dro :o<on -~’-¢~"" " ’ o ~arexbz(ion t) ~ _~_~--~- ...... ,.. z_._,: ].n]_ouo ..............., Lromus ~..J s :}onious_,. ,"-’ -

.on~**,_a fistu!osc.

’ .... th::; host vigorous itr,<rsd.ersckur.ln

’first~~ce_,_,., ~ tToi;:o1 cio>.t u2o~ ma~nteno, no.

.?o~icies end ~cb~:&u2:ec of the m:-tote:~n,,.~ eount=~ rove:: &e:~artr~ents

if the ,_~oi.l::o ~-;u’o 7oiS.. ,i.,tkeP 8:’~<,c]ec,__ "t~tot ore lik" ....."~~o to beobse:cvec£ in tile

a ........... retie

Baroarea~ vul~-aris (oa~ticu-I nr I y ~J_onC ditches)

Frs~aria vir~-iniena

Oxalis rio~

Te ohro s ia -,~ J_r&~ini

tricboc~~

Only one s- ,~,, cite t< ozon, . ,........... <J.evoted to collectin6

~.o::;t os t~-~ ~- .....ci.,~,s not .....above have been

observe~i o].on[:~ 7~o~..sl<;.es of ~<. park #per st one %J.me or

snotLer ~-o,~ the se. ior r~uthor. .

~o ~ of recre,~olon sites is not only weedy,

but likely to contnin any nur=~ber of plants ~i’iose seeds were

introduced, by visitors to the park, such as Citrullus vulgsris

and Lyco~ersicon ~,-culentum. l[ative and n~our~,Imzed snecies

that can be expected_ to increase in me~ic~ and ~ry~ recreation

358.

the Current River, just north of Powder Mill Perry. The soil

in this area is thin, rocky, covered with a thick layer of

humus, a~d acid, ranging from a pH of 5.4 on the ~idge to 6.0

at mid-slope. Surface exposures of dolomitic boulders (Eminence

Formation) are common.

Site I (150 x 50 feet) is located on the ridge at an

elevation of 680 to 700 feet, or about 140 feet above the river.

The canopy of the forest is closed (ca. 80%) and is dominated by

several species of Carya and Quercus. The understory of trees

is dense and composed of the small tree species Asimina triloba,

Cornus florida, Lindera benzoin, Rhamnu.s caroliniana, and

Sassafras albidum, as well as saplings of the crown dominants,

particularly Carya tomentosa and Quercus rubra. The vines Parthen-

ocissus quinquefolia and Vitis aestivalis are also imoortant components

of the understory. The most abundant individuals of a rather

poorly developed herbaceous flora belong in the genus Desmodium.

Bryophytes are also few, a condition no doubt due to the presence

of dense shading and a thick, leaf mold over the soil. For a

list of the taxa present in site I, see Table 106.

Site 2 (150 x 50 feet) is locsted on the steep (ca. 50~)

slope at an elevation of 600 to 630 feet. As in site i, the

forest canopy is dense or about 70 to 80% and the dominant

trees belong to the genera Carya and ~uercus. However, in this

site, Quercus is a more significant component, mainly because

of the presence of several rather large trees, such as i$" and

~0" d.b.h, trees of ~. alba and a 24" d.b.h. ~Q. rubra. The

leading understory tree species are the same as in site I;

however, Hydrangea aborescens, a shrub, and Parthenocissus

quinquefolia, a vine, are also very abundant. The herbaceous

flora is dominated by Desmodium nudif!orum, D. glutinosum,

Adiantum pedatum, Polystichum acrostichoides, and Galium circaezans.

Bryophytes are numerous and for a list of these plants, as well as

other plants present in site 2, see Table 107.

363.

Station J-~5, Sites 1-5 (5 October, 1969)

Hap 3~’~. (Sect. 35, T. 29 N., R. 2 W.)

Station 4~ " ~ ms located on one of the steepest and highest

slopes (west-facing) along the Current River at the northern

end of Cardareva Bluff where the slope varies from 45° to 60°

along its lower portion to 20° to 30° near the summit. Extensive

vertical bluffs of dolomite (Eminence Formation),up to ~0 feet high,

are present along the lov~er part of the slope. The total height of

the slope and bluff is ~20 (~20-i0~0) feet.

,~zte i (150 x ~0 feet) is located along the edge of the

river up to an elevation of approximately 560 feet. The slope

is steep (ca. ,!1-5°) and the soil is rocky, sandy, and circtm~neutral

(pll ~.0). A few small bluffs of dolomite occur along the upper

part of this site, while the remainder of the site has a canopy

of 60 to o,~,,~ formed by a matu~ forest that is dominated by

Ac___e_r sacchar~,_~f~ercu__s .prinoides vat. acuminata and £uercus

rubra. ~he understory is luxuriant, made up of numerous species

of small trees, shrubs, .and vines that include the following taxa:

Acer saccharum (saplings)

Asimina tri!oba

~erc_~emma scandens (a vine)

Ca____r~9~n__u~

Comus florida

~9_u~r-~_a~ arborescens (a shrub)

Lindera benzoin

i~arthenocissus ~ quinouefoliashrub )

~uercus rubra (saplings)

~_aus radicans (a vine)

Viburnu~ prunifo lium

~he herbaceous flora, of this site is diverse, and the leading

species of the sna~ed soil are:

Anemone virginiana

Asarum canadense


Aster cordifolius

Bidens bioinnata

Bo t r~c hi~ ~in i an~

On the shaded rock ledges, the following herbs occur:

c~na~enoloAquil e~ ° ~ ~ " °

Aspleniu_m ruta-murariavar. c r%~t o i e ~) i s

Cheilanthes feei

Brachye !y ctrtum erectum

Bromus purgans

Galium concinnam

~anictm~ boscii’U~ 7 " l ~so±mea~o u!mifo!ia

~to?teris bulbifera


Polymnia canadensis

Solidago drummondii

365.

Bryophytes are numerous throughout the site, particularly on

the trunks of trees, on logs and on exposed rocks. For a list of

the plants present in site !, see Table i08.

Site 2 (reconnaissance only) is located on the steep

slopes (ca. 60°) and rock ledges at the base of a high bluff

at an elevation approximately 640 to 680 feet. The thin soil is

eroded, rocky and alkaline (DH 7.a-), and subject to considerable

insolation by the afternoon sun as a result of the rather open

canopy of only 20 to p~,.~. Consequently, xermc conditions prevam±

and. the few tree species that grow here (see ~able 109) are

restricted to the deeper soils of ledges or crevices. The shrubs,

~dran:~ea arborescens and Rhus aromatica, as well as the vines

Rhus radicans and ~o~_~{£ bona-nox, are abundant. A rich herbaceous

flora is ouoooroed ~y this area an~ the.species most conspicuous in

the late fall are:

Bra~91~tr~ um erectrum

Bromus ~r~ns

E__u~o~bia__macu!ata

l-I~strix patula

Nuhlenber~a~_ frondosa

})anicum virFatum

Setaria viridis

Sol_~i~~ta vat. s__~t~~

Solida~o drummondii

S. ulmifo!ia

Verbascum ~psus

Verbesina canadensis

The bryophyte flora is primarily restricted to the vertical

exposures of rocks and the dominant species are Anomodon

a_t~tenua_~t~_,_~A, r~os__tra~us, and Forsstroemia trichomitria. For a

list of the species present in site 2, see Table 109.

Site 3 (!O0 x i00 feet),located on a .steep (ca. z~5°) slope

at an elevation of approximately ~00 to ~50 feet, has a thin,

eroded soil which is very rocky and acid (’pH 6.2). Trees are

widely scattered_ resulting in a canopy which is relatively open

(ca. ¯ ~adin~ ~arge trees belong to the species

texana, .~uercus alba, and .~. rubra. Saplings of Acer saccha.rum

and Carya texana are common, t.~i!e small trees are abundant,

particularly those belonging to the species ~arping~ caroliniana

and Ulmus alatao Rhus aromatica is the dominant shrub and Rosa. so.

a conspicuous trailing shrub. The herbaceous flora does not contain

a large number of species, but those that are present are numerous.

371.

This is ~2articularly true for Antenns-ri~ p_~p_t~ifo____l~_ia_, ~’~onarda

r__u_sse!ian_ a, Androo~ ~erardi, Aster a__np.~a~lu~s, Brach_~y~._iFctrum

erectum, Coreoosis }oalmsta, ~s}horbia corollata, Parthenium

his.~, Rudbeckia h__i~_rta~, and Solida~o nemoralis. The mosses

Hed~,~m~m~~ ~ "~’~ ciliata, Anomodon attenuatus, Grimmia a~, ~G- pilifera,

and Pt_~chomitrium incurvum are conspicuous on the exposed dolomitic

boulders. For a list of the plants present in site 3, see Table ii0.

Site 4 (i00 ~.~ iO0 feet) is located on the upper slope at an

elevation of about 920 to 9m.O feet ~.~here the slope is 30 to 35° and~ o "~ (DH 6.~). Boulders of a cherty dolomitethe soil is rocky an~

are scattered throughout the site and on these rocks the moss,

~ed~,~.~mg.ma ciliata, i~ abundant A cano~gy of ~-0 to 60% ms produced

by a forest in <,~hich the dominant s~ecies are ~a te}~ana, Pinus

echinata, ~ercus ~±oa., stellats, and 0 velutina ~ith the

exception of Pinus echinata, saplings of the dominant trees as

~’el! as those of iuercus r__u_br__~a are present. The understory of

small trees is thin and includes the species Amelanchier arborea,

Cerci___~s_ canadensis, Comus f!orida, and both Viburnum p~unmfol~um~ " " and

V_. rufidulum. The shrubs, Rhus aromatica and Ceanothus americanus,

m ....often the case for u~}land acid sites,are present, and. as

abundant. Herbs are scattered_ ~,.~ith the fol!o~ing members of the

Composite family most conspicuous at this time of year:

Antennaria <)]snta~inifolia

Aster anomalus

A. linariifolius

~. patens

A. turbinellus

Coreomsis oalmata

Echinacea oallida

Liatrus _l_igu!~lis

Parthen ium hi~_i__dum

Rudbe ckia hirta

S i lo~_h_i_tum terebinthinaceum

So!ida~o aitissima

~. oetiolaris

S. nemoralis

For a list of al! the 21snzs noted in site ~ , see Table iii.

Site 5 (150 x 50 feet) is located,near the summit of the

slope at an elevation of about i000 feet. This site is nearly

level and the soil is light, rocky, covered by a thick leaf

mold, and acid (pH 5.0). The canooy is 50 to 70% and. composed

largely of the crou<ns of <~uercus rubra and <i~. velutina. Tree

saplings are numerous, particularly of the species Nyssa sylvatica

vat. caroliniana, Carya texsna, Finus echinata, ~uercus marilandica

It is obvious that a survey made only durin@ the last half

of summer and foll cannot -~ "~ . ~-’o<~ complete Cons~uent].y few spring~

f!o~erin~ -~ .... ants ~<ere col ...... cto~. Like~ise, fall florerin~ Plants

~" ...... ~ in -~ ~tu .... e~ ......... ~ in the survey. Furthermore,

the time~.~’~_~’~7~7~.~.,..~ for this survey ~ms inadequate to cover such

~ diverse_r~~UiOn~ ~ thorouchly. ~<~-~.~7~ o ~~ ~, ~_ ~ ~ o o, ~ n~ber of ~,~oroblems

in the ,~.r~.o~ ~p ~ of <~colo~y,~ floristics and ts.xonomy were recognized

._ ~ course of bhis survey and. are r.ecommen~e<~ ~ oossib!e

~.utu_<,~ r~ investigations. ~N~ ..... ~ ~’’~ ~re:

.iaxo~o~l~ i>ro];]e::is - oeveral genera seem to be

~rk taxa

need ,~ ....... ~ study:

:3one of these texs ore }re<~ntly under study elsewhere,

Vernoni~ end ~ :~nic~n for examole, but certein!y criti-

cal studies of %.:~srkicn material :,.ould be very valuable.

bp£2es o~. ecolo~<:c@.:. ~bu<_z:~s that ~ould be valuable.~ ~ ~

, ]lO. ;e:rer : t)le i-~]ore critical ones :

...... uu~z~, ..~zz~ the observations

~..;,~-,,,) concernins plant succession

in tkc. ~":~arks aop<-,s~~ ...-~ ,,~to-be generally correo8~

the o:~::act <~t~’~s for ~-" ~ " ~ ......-..... <, .... o[Id i?e[]loN encor%i_ aooed bythe Scenic Rivert:~ys are not K.,o~rn

Furt!~ermore~ even ~.’here the details of the

~:, .....u_,n~ ..... ,~uooo~noz~-~lly cor~ect~ the

,~ou’~;~-bive i’<~,ctors for t.~..e successional patoerns

c~ ~ of course, are

critical not only for management practices,~-o {’or <~med.ictive value

tK!)es is neede&. Such studies are essential

to an understanding; of t~l,~ dynamic nature of

the ve{Tetation.

O!d field succession studies would be very

~%~n..~mm@ secondary succession

~.~.s_~. such information ~ou!& also be

of ,.ra!uc in !~i~nnin~ maintenance _practices of

<=o_,_ommtmc g].o,,<ues have been studied ine~st<~rn ~[issouri (i;rickson~ et. al.~

~ a ,, not

es-,,ecialiy if’ we a.re to under-st~:~n,}_ n.o only their fl.oristic corn.position, but

.::~.... .:.ists:!:,ik}ution o$ .... , ......I to>:a ,-:ith the Scenic

A~,und_inaria £:i6ante &.-’.~

or ore they real, !f so, ~hat biological and/

~>~<micsl fncto-os s.re resoonsible?

nam<:,~_y any £zou~ lo<,er rlants that

is ,,;ell kno:m for ~ "s are of the O;:~arks. ’2he

~ ,-,’< ~ fungi lichens, , ..... ,.... o .... ~ , ferns aNs to

e]itc~t~ the ’~,~w~ ~ ~eec~ ~.~. ecia~

attcntion. ]~es-~-q on results the senior author

~,’~ !~.~;~6_ ~ith the br~rophytes, soecies ne~.~ to~ /

~:to~:~, certainly c;:~n be exoected in any of these

~rou-~s. ~o~R in this survey the

it J::~ not on]_y near for tho state, t0ut it is

.~._no...n f?om along t::o other localit’~s the1~ ino-~q both in the ~n~

At least three areas within the park should be protected

because they have either rare 9ients or are fragile-p!snt

communities. These sr~:

-~ ~ ’ ~ " I0 This........... <oration. ,. ). is a ~ite ~

. ~" @~h ~aot two ofnorthern (!isjunc,~s art~ found (see ?~,,oe~,ps. At ~, ~

th,~se snecies, C.’u.~oanuls rotundifo]iaand ~, .... -,-~ o .~E.~

s~e no t, s ounc.ant andcou.~.u_ co_;cul- ¯ ~ "~-"~". ~.~j~-be removed fro:L: this

~’~. Sou8}-~_ f:~c in,-’<.~ ~o.~_u~fffs ’ "a~o Stc~tion !~ (see n,~:~ ge_ ~- ~<9)~ . This

~ .. ~ ¯~1~£-~IIC~ ~_is a secon~ n3 n uite ~.or the specmas ~.~ ~ ....a rotundifolia

~.ql~ ~ " ~ .... -7 p ~ ~ --- m ~-~£F,.~n~ .... ~t~9~ns~. As c,t Jam-U-~ (3eva, these ~_,l, nto are not

~’°-,~’ ~"~ (;Station :~r~) This rebut-in contains

p remarkab].e, but Crn<ile comraunity of olants Sxtensive tramping

has undoubted2y taken its tol! of olants. ~uztn..r d~nage should

di~oourac:e

A nwmber or ~ ~.~z’o’<’~m.. t’~"~e have >~,~en ~ collected in this survey

or r~-aorte& in th.<~ !itc:r<ture a~ .,~,=. .... ~, ~:ithin the oark ar,~,a

~.~hich are rare in their o,c~ ~c- ~ ~u ..... n~e and usually not abundant. I

The follo<,in~i

Cirs iu~a c]_iscolor

Aiatrims

~!-66.

The ferns and i~osses ti~,~t should be protected are:

~om~.~ iad.e!,~hu~ sharoii ~.~.;_tiaq~ie~. t~ri¢~uetrus

!gz!d .... 3tudies of the ,:e[;etetion of Hissouri - II.

i~’hanerosmmic flora of the fresh-water springs in the

0:<~arks of Nissouri. Bot. Series, 2ield Nuse~m of Natural

Un i v.

¯ 1963. Slora of ]iissouri. Iowa State Univ. Press¯ Ames.

ii?isure I. Styli:ion .q-. South facing :.:ooded slope onthe no.otn side o,~ tn.~ dacks Fork River. Alley

]Oigure 2. Station z:, Site ]. Young hardwood forestcompose{l predominr~nt!y of oak and hickory. Ridse abo~eth~ ~ J~c~,...~ Fork River. .~ ~ ev.~, S~rin~ ~tste i:ark.

~_~,ulc oration 4, om~e 5. ~ores~ composed ]~ar.se!y<~:h~e Iof JunJperus ~,]..r~inisn~ and % ~ ’~ orinoides vsr. ac~inat~.

Steep rocky si~ope ~bove the Jacks Fo~iver. Aiie2 SpringState !~ark.

Figure ,~i Station 5, Site 2. Ooen ~!~_~ade above AlleySl~rin~js Branch. Alley Spring i~tate Psrk.

~" Station o Lowland old field just east of)~igure .... . ~.: .Bay Cree~.

Figure 6. Station i0, Siteon ridge above Jam-Up Cave.

Small bluff of sandstone

476.

¯ igure ~tatlon I0, Site 2. Entrance to Jam-UpC~ve on the Jacks Fork River. Campanula rotundifolia~rows on the vertical face~ of the bluff and largeano~ular boulders.

Figure 8. Station I0, Site 2. Dolomitic bluff at thebase of ridge above Jam-Up Cave on the Jacks Fork River.~rautvetteria carolinianus, Adiantum pedatum, Cystoptgrisbulbifera, Heuchera puberu!a forma ~labra, and Zygadenusela~ans are abundant along the base of this bluff.

Figure.. q~. 3tation i0, .~ite ~.7 Ooen ~]]_a£e dominated byprairie species on ridge above Jam-Up Cave along the Jacks~ork River.

Figure i0. Station i0, Site 2. Base of dolomitic bluff,Jam-Up Cave. Plants abundant at this locality includeCys_toD~r.~_9 buibifera, Adiantum ~dat~m, Heuchera puberulafoz’ma ~br__~a and ~je~3u_~s~.

Figure ii. Station !].. Upland old field just southof Jam-Up Cave. Herbaceous plants abundant in the foregroundinclude Daucus carota, Achillea millefolium, Ambrosia0ident s t a and Andro~ogon vlr,~inicus. Note the invasionof hardwoods in the b~ckground.

~mgu._e 12. Station I!. Uoiand old field just south ofJ-~m-Up Cave. Note the abundance of Daucus carota in the

iqnus g!abra in the bac~ground..fo~eo.~ ounc~ an:~ ~rd’,,~oods and " " ~

Fissure I~. Station II. Up2~and old field south ofJam-Up Ca~’e. Rhus $~]labra and R. copal!ina present incharac-~eristic pstches.

Pi4;;ure I~. Station ].2. Upland old field only recentlyabandoned. The most common herbaceous plants ere 7~.~.brosiabidentata, ~’is%,r~o.~n s__t~_i~osus, 7mdropogon virginicus andLes[}ede’,,~a stipul acea.

Fi~jure .IG. .o~~.tion _L.~.~. Vitis. ru2estris growingon an o~en ~’~ave! bar a~o~g the ac,~s ~or~.~ i~iver nearBlue Spring in Shannon County.

Figure 16. St~tion !$~ Site 2. Oak-~ine communityon s~_op~ above the Jacks Fork River near Blue Spring,Shannon County. Note the sDsrcity of herbaceous groundcover.

alon[; the ,,~urrent River just north of~am~uround.:,. ~~.~ec~es~~ ~,ommon in this h~.o~tat~" "ran,..~" ~ ~_u..~"~ ~ "" ,~.:,~+,~" s ,~ ~, .....,

rivu].ari~, C ,.ef.raci;us, ~::~.ttarma s~., ,]ctaria viridf;:,

c.Qznoon.~_oa c:[’us ~alli

497 ¯

~ ~p. o,atmon ;~o. Riverbottom forest on the CurrentR.~,,~.. ju.~t acz’os~-, from the mou~h of the spring branch off Round

~om~nant trees of the forest are Acer saccharin,,~;[:ring. The ~ "’- ~ " ""~ -~’ ac~inata, Tilia ~ericana,

~.n~ uzmuo :cub ..... ~ot~-~O~ d~~th of the allu~ria~l thato~-,~,~ ~,~ an ~ gravel bar

~.ou,~, ,::.,,. The rhyo~itic~ knob in the back ~round isthe locality of Station ~9. The gravel bar in the fore,round

~ ~ ~ ~ere the~s just .... cro~--ss ~.r~o.~ "Y,~in ~’~ .... the ooint

¯ ~ ~,~ :~ gite 5 f{ocky s!o:~e o< theknob. ~he r"o:~ ,,~o~,~ ..... on t:,~ e:<ooned.. _.~ocks,, inc.:u.:F e- ~~:~e:"~’:::: .":~ ci]iata

"~,--:~-" n laevi~-~. :’" ~ . _ ,~ ......... oun,,

9~isure 71. Lt~tion /O, Site !. Open weedy are8 J.n river-forest ~ion[~ the Cur:-’ent River ~ust below Junction Ferry.

?o!!owinc ts.x~-are ~bundant Jn such ~ habitat: ~l~antopus

i,~l[bure ~2. Station :~C, ;3ire !. Riverbottom Forest along theCurrent [{ive:~- just b~.¢]o:,.; Junction [~erry. Fho ~-,,oody understory~,_:~ecies common in this fore~.~t are Asimina tz’i]oba and seplin~sof Ulmus rubra.

507 ¯

c:. Rivesbottom forestthe Cur~,’ent ~-~, .... ~. ~,~ , Si<,~ S~)rinS~ State Park. The dominant treesinclude ~{etu!a ui<rr~}, Ce~.tis occidentalis, l-)].atonus occidentalis

.... - ~ .... ~ h~~ous flora in-th~ ~~o~am~ ~xmus ruora. me..... ~,y comoose<~ of ~romus ~s, ~ virginicus, Huhlenber]yja

-" ~ampanula americana~rondos<~ Unio!~ ~atifo]ia, <,euro canad~ns~,Dic!iotera br~"~’~, r~,<~"~+’~ ~Ic.,hantoou~ carolinianus, Iresinerhi:,.:om~:,to~a ~.~nd ~oiygonum oensvivanicum

514.

Ct~CK LISQ OF PLAITS FOUND IN T~

OZ~i NATIONAL SCENIC RIVERWAYS, SUI’~’~R-FALL, 1969

(Nomenclature follows Steyermark~s Flora of Missouri,

published by lowa State University Press, Ames,

exceot for Bryophytes ~ a few others.)

The range of habitats of each taxon is indicated by an

"x" placed in the numbered colmnns under plant community t~pes.

These numbers stand for the following community types:

!. Treeless glades2. Cedar glades~. Bluff and rock ledge4. Open forest of upland sites

}~SOPHYTiC CO~’~’~UNIT ~S

i0.

5. Hardwood forest of ridges and upper slopes6. Hardwood-~±ne"for~st~of ridges and upper

slopes?. Forests.’o~ draws’and ravines8. Forests of lower slopes9. Vegetation of steep rocky banks and talus

slopes, edge of riverForests of river bottoms

HYDROPHYT IC C 0~’-~gt]N IT IES

ii.12.i~.

Forests of gravel barsOpen gravel barsAquatic

DISTURBED C0]~IT rSS

14.19.16.17.

Lowland agricultural sitesUpland agricultural sitesRoadsideRecreation areas

515.

o~LAGI~ELLAC~

Selaginella apoda (L.) Fernald

S. rupestris (L.) Spring

EQUISE TACEAE

Equisetum arvense L.

E. hyemale L. var. elatum(Engelm.) Norton

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE

Botrychi~ virginian~ (L.)

OS~DACE~

Osm~da regalis L. var.spectabilis (~4illd.) Gray

POL~0D IACE~

Pteridi~ aquilin~ (L,) Kuhnvat. latiuscul~m (Desv.)Underw.

Adiant~ capillus-veneris L.~

A. pgda~ L.

Bellaea [~labella Herr..,ex ~[~hn

P.~tropurpurea (L.).Link

Cheilanthes lanosa (~lic~.)D. C. Eaton

C. feei [{oore

Pol~odi~ pol~odioides (~~att vat. michauxian~ <,J~eath

Onoclea sensibilis L.

Aspleni~ ruta-muraria L. var.cr~tolepis (Fern.) ~.Jherry

A. resiliens Kunze

A. plat~euron (L.) Oakes

A. rhizophyll~ L.

Athyri~ pycnocarpon (Spreng.Tidestr.

Cystopteris fragilis (L.)Bernh. vat. fra[~ilis

C. bulbifera (L.) Bernh.

~,Joodsia obtusa (mpren~.) Tort,

X

x

X

X

X

x x.

X

x x

x

X

~’lant Community ~2ypes

x

X

x x

15 16

516.

Thelypteris hexagonoptera(~lichx.) Wea.th.

Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray

Polystichum acrostichoides(Hichx.) Schott

F INACE ~

Pinus echinata Nil]_.

CUP~o.oAC~

Juniperus vir~iniana L. var.virginiana

NAJ~ACE~

Potamogeton foliosus

ALISIdACE~

Sagittaria latifolia Uilld.

HYDROCH~ITACE~

El,dea nuttallii (~lanch.),St. John

A~rost.is alba L.A.~erennans (Walt.).Tuckerm.."~dropogan gerardi Vitman

A. scoparius Michx.A. virginicus L.

~istida dichotoma I~’[ichx. vat.dichotoma

A. dichotoma I~iichx. var.curtissii Gray

~dinaria gi~antea (~Jalt.)Chapm.

Bouteloua curtipendulaTorr.

Brachyelytr~ erect~ (Schreb.Be auv.

Bromus japonicus Thunb.B. purgans L.B. tector~ L.Genchrus lon~ispinus (Hack.)

Fern.

X

X X,

x x

x x

X " X

X

X

x

X

X X

X

Lnt Community Types

x

x

xi

x

x

x

II LZ

xlxlx

x

x

15 16 I?

X

517-

Cinna arundinacea L.

Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv.

Diarrhena americana Beauv.

Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koel.

D. ischaemum (Schreb.) Huhl.

D. sanguinalis (L.) Scop.

~chinochloa crusgalli (L.)Beauv.

~. muricata (Beauv.) Fern¯

Eleusine indica (L.) Oaertn.

Elymus virginicus L.

Dactylis glomerata L.

Zrsgrostis capillaris (L.) Nees

E. frankii C A. ¯ 21eyer

E.. hirsuta (~ichx.) Nees

~. Bo~..-~’ hypnoides (Lsm.) ~

E. spectabmlms (7~u~sh),ote.ud.

F~studa obtusa Bmeh!er

F. paradoxa Desv.

Glyceria striats (Lam.) Hitchc.

Hystrix patula ~ioench

Leersia oryzoides (L.) ~ "

L. virginica ’Jilld.

Leptoloma ¢ognatum (Schultes)Chase

Nuhlenbergia frondosa (>oir.)Fern.

lq. brachyphylla Bush

~"L mexicana (L.) Trin.

~’~. schreberi Gmel.

I’I. sobolifera (i’~uhl.) Trin.

Panicum agrostoides o,.reng.

P. anceps ~iichx.

P. boscii Poir.

X X

X

P’lant Community Types

.

7 8

X

X

X

X X

X

x

.9 ~o

x

x

Xl

x

x x

x

x

x~ x

x

x x

X X

X X

xl

x

xI x

X

x~

X~

x

x

x

X

X

x~ x

X

x

r5 f6

xx

X

x

X

Panicum dichotomum L.

P. dichotomiflorum Hichx.

P. dichotomum L. vat.barbu!atum (Hichx.) Wood

P. flexile (Gattinger) Scribn.

Y~. gattin~eri l[ash

P. lanuginos~ Eli. vat.lindheimeri t~,~om) item.

P. latifoli~ L.

P. linearifoli~u Scribn.

P. microcarpon Nuhl.

P. oli~osanthes Schultes

P. philidelphicmm Bernh.

P. polyanthes Schu!t.

P. virgat~ L.

~spal~ ciliatifoli~ Hichx.

Z. laeve’Hic~x, var. p~lo$~S~r~n.

~ba p~atensis L. "

Ph[e~ pratense L.

Setaria faberii Herrm.

~ viridis (L xVlrl@lS

Sor~;hsm halepense (L.)

S. ~.~Igsre L.~ ~ " (Nichx.ophenopholms obt~sata

Scribn.

psoorooo_us clanJestinus~-(Biehler) Hitchc.

Tridens i’la~s (L.) Hitchc

Tripsac~m aactylom~eo i~.

Uniola latifolis Niclm~.

C~ERACE~S

Carex ~aphibola Ste~d~

"~. ccphalonhora_ I"i~l.

X

X

X

X

xl

X

xl

518 ¯

~’lant Community ’~ypes

xl

xl

xl

X

XX X

X!

X K

Carex com!~:lanata Torr. S~ Hook.vat. hirsuta (Bailey) G~

C. convoluta Hackemz.

C. !urida ~.~ahl~no.

C, ~ranularis Huhi.

C. muhlenbergii Schk.

~eruo aristatus Rotth.

C. esculentus L.

C. filicu!mis Vah!

C. refractus Enge!m,

C. ri~laris Kunth

C. stri~osus ~ var, strioo,~u~

C. strigosus L.

Eleochsris calvs Torr.

E., smallii ~ritt.~imbristylis aut~nalis (L.)

mgmmc~rp~a micrsntha (6~.~i)Pax. . ..

Sc~r-D~s amerioanus ~’ers.

S. atrovirens Will&.

h~te~ oc~e ~. ChsseS. ~ ~ ~ tu~

S. lineatus r~ichx,

S. validus V~:,nm vat.~ern.

~RACE~

~isaema atrorubens (Air.)Bl~me

A. dracontiu~ (L,) ockott

Soirodela polyrhi3s (L.)Schleid.

Cd~[AC~

Commelina co~munis L.

C. diffusa Burm.

C. erecta L. ~ar. angustifolia(Hmch~.) Pern.

~’lant Community ~ypes

IOI It

X I

920.

Commelina virginica L.

Tradescantia ohiensis Raf.

T. virginiana L.

JUNCACEAE

Juncus tenuis Wi!id.

LILIACE~

Alliun ste!lat~m ~raser

Nothoscordum bivale (L.) Britt~

Poly~onatu~ bif!or~ (Walt.)

Smilacina rscemosa (L.) Desf.

Smilax bona-nox L. var. bona-nox

S. herbacea L. var. asioneura(Hook.)

S." glauca Walt,

S tamnoides L. va~ hi,s-oida(Nuhy.) ~ern,

Uvularia grandiflora Sm.

Veratrum <~oodii Robbins

Zygadenus ele~ans Yursh

DIOSCOREACE~

Dioscorea ~uaternata (Walt.)

D. villosa L.

A~iARYLL i D ACE

Agave virginica

ORCK!DA~

Hexalectris slpicata (Walt.)Bernh.

Orchis spectabi!is L,

Cyripedium calceo!us L. var.pubescens (Willd) Corre!l

SAURURACEAE

Saururus cernuus L.

X X

X

X X

X

x

~’lant Community ~-pes

X

X

xl

X

X X, X

X

15 16

521.

~ axa

SALICACEAE

Salix caroliniana Michx.

S. nigra Harsh.

Populus de!toides Harsh.

P. de!toides Harsh. vsr.deltoides

JUGL~DACSAE

~u~ans cineres L.

J. ni~ra L.

Carya cordiformisKoch

K.

C. ovate (Mill.) K. Koch.

C. ovalis (Wang.)Sara.

C. texans Buckl. vat. texana

C. tomentosa Nutt.

CORYLACE~

¯Alnus ~rrulata (4it.)~" Uilld.

~etul.a ni~jra L. ,. "

Ca.~pinus caro!inian~.W-<,l#, yam.

Corylus smericane Wait.

0strys virginiana (MillKoch

FAGACE~

~-~uercus alba L.

%. mscrocarpa Hichx.

~. msrilandica }’[uemchh.

~. prinoides Wi!id. var.acuminata (Lmch~.) ~!.

~. rubra L. rubra

,~. coccinea Nuenchh.

Q. stellata Wan~>j.

, ve!utina Lsm

ULKACE ~

Ulmus slats Hicl~.

U. s~mericana L.

U. rubrs Huhl.

Community ’~ype s

x

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

x

X X

X ~

X

X

X

X

15 16 I?

X

522.

Celtis laevigsta Willd.

C. occidentalis L.

C. tenuifolia Nutt.

iCRAC~AE

Naclura oomifera (Raf.) ~

Horus rubrs L.

t~ IT ICAu~

Boebs~eria cylimdr~ca (L.)

Laportea cansdense (L.) Oaud.

Parietaria pensylvamica Huhl.

Pilea~umila (L.) ~ray ~

Urtica dioica L. var. procera(Nuhl.) Wedd.

SANTALACE~

Co~andrs richardsiana Fern.

ARISTOLOC~IACE~

~Aristolochia ser-oehtaria .L.~ ser~entaria . ¯

A. ..tomentosa Sims ."

Asarm~ canadense L.

POLl ~()?TA~A~

Polygon~n aviculare L. var.aviculare

P. erecttmq L.

F. hydropi?.eroides ~lch~.

P. hydropiper L.

P. pensylvanicum L.

P. pensy!vanic~n L. vat.Densyb~anicum

P. ounctat~m Eli. vat.c6nferti£1orum (Heisn.)Fassett

~. scsndens L. v~r. scan~ens

P. tenue HichP~.

P. virginianum ~.

Rumex acetosella L.

R. altissimus

X X

15 16

’X X

/?

T ax a

Rumex crispus L.

R. obtusifolius L.

C~NOPOD iACm~

Chenopodi~n alb/~ L.

C. bushian~ Aellen

~. gi~antosperm~ Aellen

C. st~ndleysnum Aellen

Cycloloms atri~7!icifoli~oizeng-) Coult.

~q~R~TKACZ~

~aranthus graeci~sns L.

A. hybridus L.

A. retrofle~s L.

~’~oelichis gr~ci!is (Hook.) Koq,

Iresine ,rhi omatosoNYCTAG~ACE~ ..

’ ~qacN. . ¯ ,

~HY~OLACCZ~

Z~hytoiacca americana L.

AIZCACS~Z

Nollu~;o verticm_,_l~te

PORTULACACE2~

Z~ortu!acs o~er~,ce~ L.

’2alin~ parvif!or~ Nutt.

Diamthus srmeria ~.

Saponaria of.ficina!is L.

S. regia Sims

S. stellata (L,) Air. ~.

NY~"~ H~ AC~ ~

Nuphar iute~ (L. 2 Siotk. ,A Smsu0s9. ozarksrr&m ~hiiler ~~tanaley) Beal

x

15 I I’~I

~ 2/4 o

A~OI~ACZAE

Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal

RAND~CULACE~

Anemone virginiana L.

Anemonella thalictroides (L.o}~_~ch

Aquile~ia ca.nadensis

Cimicifugs racemosa (L.) Nutt.

Delphini~:~ csrolimisn~m Walt.vsr. crisp~ l~erry

D. exaltat~~ Air.Hepatica nobilis Schreb. ~ar.

acuta (~ursh) Steyermsrk

Hydrastis camadensis L.

~h~ictr~ revo!ut~m DC.

Trsutvetteria caroliniens~s(Wslt,) Vai!

B~RB~R IDACE~

Berberis canadensis hm<!. ."

Caulophy!lum ths!ictroides (L.)Hichx.

i~odoDhyll~n tec~ot~ ~.

[~NIS~ ~RLAC ~

Cocculus carolinus (L.) Dg

LA~ACE~

Linders benzoin

Sassafras albidum (~utt.)Neesvat. s !bid~a.

C~U C

~sbis hirsuts (L.) ,oco< ~ar.adpressipilis (K. Lo ~mno)Rollins

A. laevi~sts (tluhl)Poir. vat.Isevi~ata

Barbare s

Lepidi~n c~en~mf~or~n ocnrad

iI

X

I?

52.5.

Lepidium virginicum L. vat.virginicum

Nasturtium officinale R. Br.

Sis~nbrium of£icina_Je (L.) ~" opvar. leiocargum DC.

PA~ERACE~

~angu~n~r~a csnadensis L.

Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC.subsp, dodecsndrs vat.dodeoandra

CRASSULACL~

Sed~ sp.

S~IPRAGACE~Heuchera americana

hirsutioau!is (Wheel<’ Lak.Sosend. ~ Butt. ~

f. gl mi:)r s

Hydrangea arl0orescens I,. vat.arborescens

H. amborescens =. va~. deamiiSt. John

Hitella diphylla L.

Parnassia @mandifoliaFenthor~ sedoides L.Ribes c~osbati L. vsr.

c~osbati

R. missouriense Nutt.

H~dN~IE L I D ACE ~Hamsme!is verns I ~,,.~

I>LAT~{ACE~

Platanus occidentslis L.

Agrimonis pubescens Ws]Ir.

A. rostellats Ua!Ir.

~elanchier srbores (Nichx. f.Fern.

Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern.var. ~ubescens (Rydb.)

k’lant Community T~pes

x

15 16 19

Cra.tae gus sp.

C sicca

Geum csnadense Jacq. var.canadense

Potentiila recta

P. simplex Hich~’c.

PhysocarDus opulifo!ius (L.)Namim. vat. intermedius(Rydb.) Robins.

Prunus americans Harsh.

P. cerssus L.

Rmb~s s~:7.

~morpha fruticoaa L. vat.fruticosa

~aphicarDa bracteata (i,.) ~erm.vat. conoss (Lo) Fern.

Astra{<alus ~ o:-~ o’s L. var.c ana(’iens is

Ba~tisia leuco-ohaea Nutt.

Cassia fasciculs~a Nichx.

C. marllanomc~ L.

C. nictitans L. var. nictitans

Cercis canadensis L.

Desmodmum csnac~ense (i,.) DC.

D. ciliare (Nuh!.) DCo

D. ~lutinos~a (Nuhl.)Wood

D. laevigatum (~utt.) DC.

D. marilandictm~ (L.) DC.

Xl

526.

~’lant Community ’9~-pes

5

X

X

X

X

15 16 I?

527 ¯

Desmoditum nudiflorum (L.) DC.

D. paniculatum (i~.) DC. vat.panicu!atum

~ oD. rigidum (~iI.) DC

D. rotundifoli~ DC.

Gleditsia triacanthos L.

Lathyrus venosus Ntuhl. var.intonsus ~utt.~c~ St. John

Lespede~;a cuneata (~ontj G.Don

L. hirta (L.) Hornem. vsr. hir~

L. imtermedia (S. ’~,~ats.) Britt.

L. proc~bens Hichx.

L. stipulacea l’~a~im.

L. striata (@hunb)~~~. il ¯

L: stuevei Nutt. vat. stuevei

L. violscea (L.)

Hecica~o luou!im~ L. , .

N~lilotus albus Desr. " .... .

N. officins!is (L.)

Petalostemon cen&idum ~mm_c..)Hick.

I~. pur~ureum~ (Vent.) r~y~ ~ ~’o.

Rh~chosia l~tm_~o!ia Nutt.

Robinie pseudo-acacia L.

ochrsnkm~ ~cinata ~,m_~l,:~..

~ ~ZII.Strophostyles he!vola (L.i

Tephrosia vir~iniana (L.) 2ers.vat. virgimisns

T. virginians (L.)~ers. vat.holoserices (Nutt.) T ?~

oty!o~s,nthes biflors (L) BS~~

Trifoli~n Dratense L.

T. repens L.

Vicia caroliniana Walt.

0XALIDACE~

Oxalis stricta L.

i!

X

X

X

X X

blant Community Types

x xl x

X

X

X

~ axa

GERAN IACEAE

Geranium maculatu~ L.

RUTACEAE

Ptelea tri£oliata L.

POLYGALACE~

Polygala incarnata L.

P. senega L. vat. latifoliaT. &G.

EUPHORB IACEAE

Acalypha gracilens Gray vat.monocca En~elm.

A. rhomboides Raf. vat.rhombo idea

A. virginica L.

Andrachne phyl!snthoides (Nutt.)

Croton glandu!osus L. var.septentrionalis Luell.

C. monanthogynus Hichx.

C. elliptica

Euphorbia corollata L. vat.corollata

E. corollats L. ~ar. mollisI’dillso.

E. dentata Hichx.

E. heterophylla L. vat.~ramini£olia (Hichx.) E~.elm.

E. macu!ata L.

E. su.~ina Raf.

ANACARD IACE AE

Rhus aromatics Ait.

R. copallina L. var. lati£oliaEngler

R. ~labra L. vat. ~labra

R. radicans L.

AQUIFOLIACEAE

flex decidua Walt.

CELASTRACEKS

Euonymus atrop~rpureus Jscq.

X

X

X

X

X

X

Plant Community Types

5

X

X

X

X

X,

X

X

X

I0

Xl

X

x

x

528.

15 16 I?

~ axa

Euonymus obovstus Nutt.

STA~HY~ACE/[E

Staphylea trifolia L.

AC~RAC,’,~

Acer negundo L.

A. nigrum Hichx.

A. rubru~ L.

A. saccharinum L.

A. saccharu~.~ Narsh.

tIIPPOCASTANACE~

kesculus glabra ’Ji!!d.

BA~o~I~A~

Impatiens capensis Heerb.

RH~AC~

Be~chemia scandens (Kill) K.Koch

,Ceanot~us american,s L.

Rhamnuo caro!iniana Wal~

R.’.lanceolata Pursh.-’ ,

VITAC~

~mpelopsis cordata Hichx.

~arthenocissus ~luinquefo!ia(L.) P!anch.

Vitis aestivalis I"(ichx.

V. cinera En~elm.

V. rupestris Scheele

V. ~,~l:oina L.

TIL!ACE,~

~ilia s~ericana L. vat.americana

T. ~ericana L. vat. neglecta(opach ~ Fosberg

H~VACE~

Abutilon theophrs.~ Hedic.

IIibiscus lasiocarpos Car.

Sida spinosa L.

X

xI

mt Community ~ypes

I?

530.

Taxa

HYPER!CACEAE

Ascyrum hypericoides vat.multicaule (Hichx.) Fern.

Hyp. ericum muti!um L.

H. punctatum L. vat. punctatum

If. soathulatum (:opachj oteud.

H. sphaerocarpum ~iichx.

C iSTACE~

Heliamthemum bicknellii Fern.

Lechea tenui£olia ~qichx. var.tenuifolia

V IOLACE ~Hybanthus concolor (T.

Forst.) Spreng.

Viola sa~ittata Ai~.

V.o striata

PASS IFLORACE~~assif.iors lutea L’. vat. ..

¯ glabriflora Fern,

THYP~LEACE~ "

Dirca palustris L.

LYTH:RACEAE

Cuphea petiolats (L.) ~,loehne

ONAGRACEAE

Circaea quadrisulcata (~"ia~im.)Franch, o

Gau~a biennis L.Ludwi~ia alternifolia I:. yam.

pubescens Palmer A Steyerm.

L. pa!ustris (L.) Ell.

Oenothera biennis L.

O. missouri~nsis Sims var.missouriensis

HALORA~!DAC~AE

~Oroserpinaca pslustris L.

ARALIACE~

Aralia racemosa L.

X

X

X

X

~ X

~’lant Co~munity Types

7 8 ~ H ~I

X

X

X

x

X

X

X

N XIX

x

x

x

U~BELLIFERAE

Angelica venemosa (Greem,~ay)Fern.

Cicuta msculata L. var.maculata

-Cr~ptotaenia ~ ~ ~is (L.) DC

Dsucus carota L.

Er~gi~ ~ccifo ]_ium

Li(;ustic~ canadense (L.) Bri~.

~omo~nm~a longisty~i~ (Tort.)DC. vsr. villicaulis i~ern.

Oxypolis rigidior (L.) C. & R.vat. ri~idior

Sanicu!a canadensis L.

Thaspium barbinode (#’~ich}:.)~.~utt. vat. barbinode

TJ tri~oliat~ (L.) Grsy var.fl a~m, Blake

Toril~s jsi~onica (~{outt.)~C.

Zizia aurea (L.) Koch~

Cornus alternifolia L. f.

C. dr~mondi l~leyer

C. florida L.

C. obliqua Rsf.

Nyssa sylvatica Harsh. var.~ i~ern.caroliniana (Y~oir. /

honotro~.oa ~iflora ~. ~

~[CA~

Vaccinium arbore~

V. st~ine~ L.

V. vacil~

Dodecstheon media L.

Lysimachia ciliata L.

L. n~mu!aria i.

L. quadrif!ora

~’lant Community ~oes

X

X

II

x ~

I~ I,~

X

X~

X

X

t5 ~6 17

5}2.

Taxa

Samolus parviflorus Raf.

SAPOTACEAE

Bumelia lanuginosa (Hichx.)Pers.

~3ENAC~

Diospyros virginisna L.

C’.~ACE~

¯ ra~lnuo a~ericana L. vat.americana

F. pennsylvanica Marsh. vat.subin%egersima (VaA!.) Pern.

F. %uadrangulata Nichx.

GSN~

Gentiana flavida Gray

~ ou-berula [lichx.

~. quinq~ei’oli&~ L. vat.occidentalis (~-~ u~rsy) Hitcht.

"Sabatih an~ularis "(L~]~OCIT~£C3~

~%onia ~l.~.uotr~ ....

Apoc~m cannsbinum L.

Asc!epies incarna%a L.

A. quadrifoiia

A. 9ube:osa L. vas. i.n~emioP(}~oodson) 3hinners

A. ves%icilla~a L.A. v~3_ckl~io~a Raf. ~m~~

lanoeolaSa (lves~ ’2orr.

visidiflosa

i~ateiea bal6x, yniana (S~;eet)Woodson

C ONVOLVULACE~

C -oente~ona ~nselm

C. oolygonor~ ~ipomoea coccinea ~.

X X

8 ~

X X X

X X Xi

17

533.

isomoea hedera.cea (L.) Ja.cq.

l hederacea (L.) -~hederacea

Io pandurat~ (L.) GoF.U. r~ey.

OLE~"iON i ACE~

~~h~o.~ ~ ~ .,.oanicu!ata L.

2hlox pilosa L. vat. pi!osa

~olemoni~ reptans L.

BORAG~{ACE~

Cynogloss~a o#ficinale L.

C. vir~inianum L.

Echi~ ~.~l~are L. vat. vu~gare

hYDROY H

Ellisia nycteiea L.

H~ckelia virsiniana (I,.). ~,. Johnston

Lithos~erm~n cane~cens’" (Hichx.Leb~. "

ono smodi~ ~tosub .... s~ I’iacke~ z.% Bush " ’

VERB~NAC~

Verbena canadensis (L.# Britt.

V. striota Vent.

V. urticifolia L. vat.urticifolia

A~astache nepetoides (L.) Ktze

Blephilia hirsuta (t;’ursh)Benth.

B. ciliata (L.) Benth.

Collinsonia canadensis L.

Cunila origanoides (L.) Britt.

Isanthus brachiatus (L.) BSP.vat. brachiatus

Leonurus cardieca L.

Lycopus rubellus Hoench vat.arkansanus (Fresn.) Benner

L. rubellus Hoench vat.rubellus

2’lant Community T~pes

/2- I~

x

x

q 17

Nentha piperita i,.

Honarda citriodora Cerv.

N. fistulosa L. vsr. mollis(L.) Benth.

H. russelisns Nutt.

l~erilla frutescens (Lo) Britt.

Physoste@ia virginiana (L.)Benth. var ~m_

l~runella ~Igaris L.

~ycnsnthem~ 2ilos~ Nutt.

~ vir~inian~ (L.) Durand oJackson

Salvia lyrata L.

~tureja ~rkanssn~ (Nuttj Bri~.

Scutellaria el~iptica Huhl.var. e!im~tmc~

S. incana Biehler

¯ S. lat~riflora L.

S~. ovata Hill vat. ova~a

Stachys tenuifolis W~lld. vat;tenuifolia

Teucri~ canadense L. vat.’ Eat.virginic~ (L.~

Trichostema dichotom~m L.

SOL~ACE~

Datura stramonium L.

Y~hysalis an~lats ~. vat.angulsta

~. heterophylla Nees vat.heterophylla

~ pubescens L. .~-~r inteyri-folia (Dunal) Uaterf~ll

-o gi~. vir niana ]li!!.

Solan~ americam~ ~lill.

S. carolinense

S C20NIUL~R IACE

Conobea mult"- "~Benth.

~ flaysGerardia ~.lava L. vat.

X

X

x

X

X

X

Y’lant Community

15 16

575.

~ axa

X

x~

X

5~6.

’~ypes

X

537.

~ axa

Lobe!ia siphiliticaCC@~0S iT~

Achilles. millefolitu~ L.

Ambrosis artemisiifolia L.

A. bidentata

A. trifida L.

Antennaris plants<~imifolisGreene

~cti~ minus (~m~_l~ Bernh.~temisia annua L.

A. caudata Nichx. vat. cs~udata

Aster anomalus~noeV’ ~-’~_m.

A. cordifolius <

A. drmmmondii Lind.]_.Jec~m~ yetA., sagittifolius ~ ~

A. d~o~us L. vat. ~t~ictmoT.

A...!aevis L.A. lateriflorus (L~)~ritt.

vat. laterif!orusA. linariifolius L. vnr.

linariifolius

A. novae-anglime ~

A. oblongifoliuc ~utt. vat.angus t atus ~ommnne r s

A. patens Air. ~r. p~tentissi-

A. pra~ e Itus i~oi.~.

A. ptarmicoide~ (~,ees; .

A sa{ittifo!ius ~ ~ .... ~<~r

Bidens aristosa

x

ant Community T~-pes

6 718

X~

X

17

Bidens bipinnst.u L.

B. cernua L. vat. cernua

B. connata Nuh!. vat.petiolata (l[utt.) 2ar~<.

~. discoidea (T. .",~ O.) ~ritt.

B. frondoss L. vat. frondosa

Caca!ia atriplicifo!ia L.

~entsurea maculosa T,~,~- .

Cichorium intybus i..7 " 7Chrys an th emm~.i I e uc e nt nero ~n I~.

Chrys op s i s p i I o s n. PTut t.

Ci~s±u~ a!tissi~::u~ (L.) S:0rens.

L. strigosus Nuhl. vat.stri~]osus

E nerfoliat~ ~’

x

~nt Co~s~unity ~pes

X

X

Taxa

Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. var.tomentellum (Robins) Blake

E. serotinum

Gnai2halium obtusifo

He]enittm amarttm (i~af.) H. Rock.

H. autumnale L. vat. ~0arviflor-um (Nutt.)

If. flexuosttm Raf.Helianthus hirsutus Aaf. var.

tr achy:~}hyl lus T.

H. hirsutus Rsf. vat. hirsutus

H. tuberosus ~, ~ar. tuberosus

Heliopsis ~ ~ ’~

(l~isher) Steyerm.

H. l~e!ianthoides (L.} o<<eet vatscabre (Dunal) Fern~

’ Hi~raciim ~ronovii L.

Krigia biflora (Walt. @ Blak’e

Lactuca canadensis L. vat.canadensis

L. floridana (L.) ~a~z~n.

L. scariola L.

Liatris aspera hici~.

~. cylindracea liichx.

L. pycnostachya Lich}~.

L. scabra. (Greene)

L. ~_ ~ ~ so ~.oC~I O <~

F artheni~ hiss2 idmx Rai~ .

intesrifoliux~ L. vat.int e{rifoli~m~

l~renanthes aitissima L. vat.cinnamomea Fern.

Barn~.Ratibida pinnata (Vent.)

539.

}’lant Community Types

..%[

:x

Taxa

Rudbeckia hirta L.

R, laciniata L.

R. laciniata L. var, Isciniata

R. £ulgida Air.

R. missouriensis En@elm.

R. triioba L, vat. triloba

Senecio aureus L..

Silphiu~ asteriscus L,

S, per£oliattum L.

S. terebinthinacet~ Jacq, vat.vat, t erebinthinaceum

Solidago a!tissima L,

S.. arguta Air. vat. arsuta

S. arguta Ait vat.(Small) Steyerm.

S buckleyi ~. G

¯ S. cae~a .L.~ ndii T ° ~~.. drummo . ,~ ~. ~. "

~,., £1exicaulis ~ "

o. gigsntea Air vat.leiophylla

~ hispids k~uh!, vat hispida

S, juncea Air.

S, nemoralis Ait. vat. nemora]Js

S, petiolaris Air.

Solida~o radula Nutt,radula

S. rugosa Air. var. ru&-o~s

S. ulmifolia~ KtCo_l. vat,ulmi£olia

Verbesina a!ternifolia (L,)Britt,

V. helianthoides Nich~:.

V. virginica L,

Verno~nia altissima Nutt.

V. baldwini Tort,

V. baldwini Tort, ~ar,bald~ini

x

Plant Co~nunity ’~y~pes

~axa

Vernonia crinita Raf.

Xanthium chinense ~iill.

~" pensylvanicum ~.r~l~

X

X

X

x

X

~’l~mt Community ’25~pes

X

x

X X

Id tl

X

X

I?

.I

Gy~inostomu~] reour~rirostre vat.scabrum (Lingb.) Grout

Housnotie!la re~To!uta Card. vet.pa!meri (C~rc~.) Barth.

Hyophila involuta (Hook.)Jaegr. ’~ .~:.~ S auerb

Tortella hmnilis (Hed~.~.) Jenn.

@ortu!a pagor~ (l~ilde.) DeNot.

" ~ ~ (Hook~richostom~ tenu~rootr~& Tay!.) Lindb.

Weissia controverss

Gri~ia alpicola Hedw.

G. apocarpa Hed,~. var. apoc~pa

laevi~ata ~ aevi~a t

G~ piliresa P. 5ea.uv.

Kedwi~ia ci]_ia%a (Hed:,~)B e a~v.

l£Syc~omitr i~l in 0~-4(Schwaegr.) Su!i. . .

i~’~namia Slavicans

F. hy~rometrica

DeSPot.

Britt.

Orthotrichmn )~hioense ~uil.Lesq. ex Aust.

0. stelkat~ Brid.

_,_ -~1~ £L~, ~9iz~ia megaoolitina ~ ....

Aulacomni~ -~ ~ " ~(Hed~.~.) B.s.~.

A. palustre (Hedu’.) ~ ocn~ ~ ~; ~r.

~hilomotis fontaua (Hed’~~.)Brid.

P. marchita (Hed,~.) Brid..

P’lant Community Tppes

X

X

X

Id II I?

~axa ~’lant Community ’2ypes

xlx % x

XIX 3~ X X X

KI

X

X

XI X

Xi

A~ablystegium !axirete Csrd. ~"

Ther.

A. ser-oens (he~:.) 5%.,o.0o

A. varium (lied-,,.) Lindb.

Campylitu, n chrysoii~hYl!tm~ (Brid.)

C. hispidu!um (Brid.)Nitt.

Cratoneuron filicinm~ (HeO.~:.)~pruc.

Drepanocladus adnuncus (Heir.)Warns t.

P!stydictys~ confervoides (Brid.[Cr~a

Ctnedium molluscum (Hed~,~.) Nit~

Homoma!!ium ad.natu~~ (=~c.,.)Broth.

Hypnmm curvifo liu~:~ IIed~,’:.

H. lindbergii Mitt.

Platygyriu~ re~)ens (Brid.)B.S.G.

Pylaisiella selws~nii (Rindb.)Cru~ Steere~ ,% £uderson

Sematooh~ilum caro!iniantun (C.Huel~.) Britt.

Isoptery~ium elsgsns (-_-{ook.)Brid.

I. ta::irs~netu~ (Nitt.) Jaeg. ~Sauerb.

i. tenerum (S~:.)Nitt.

5z~’q.

klant Community ~ypes

567 /~- 15 /6 17!

Taxiphyllum deplanatum (Sull.)Fleisch.

Entodon seductrix (Hedw.) C.Hue i i.

~. cladorhizans ~-~ .... ) C.huel~.

The!ia aspreila

~U! ~..T. hirtella ~

~omodon attenustus (Hedw.)Heuben.

A. minor (Hedw.) Fuernr.

A. rostratus (Kcd~v.) Schimp.

Hsplocladium virginian~ (Brid.Broth.

Haploh~enium trmst~. (~eo. exDeNot) Kin&b.

L~ske~ ~racile~ <~ ~ Hedw.L. obscura I{ed:~:.Lindber~ia brschy~tera (Ni.tt.).

" Kimdb. ’

B.S.G..

T. pygmae~ B.S~G.

T. recognit~m (Hed~.) Lindb.

Homaliade!phus shsrDii(Wi!li~s) Sharp

Sull." 9

Lindb.

F trichomitria vat. " ........~ .

Clasma~odon par~lus (K~z~pe)

Fon¢inalis Z’i .... ~,’ " s "Lesq. ex Aust.

F. novae-anziiae Sull.Sohwetschkeopsis f abronia

’X

X

.j

X

X

X

x

Y’lant Community ~ypes

x

x x

7 85¸6

x

xl

X

~ ax a

Pore_:?m ~}innsts

andlco: a Ste~)h.R~dul .a . ¯ -1_

Go!ole~je.t~nes ’ "~ ~ ~ ~ "(ius t. } "Svs. ..

Lbucoi~ejeunes c_=y...c~t~, . ..’ ~Schwein. )

Fru!lsnia eboracensis Cottsche

F. inf~ sta ,~ott,~cke

F. riparia

D~.

Rebomlis hemisKhserics (L~)Rsddi

Conocephai~ conic~ (L.) D~.

~-~ ~ "~ FryeHannis fragans ,~ ....... ~,,,Clark

Harchsntia 2o]-~qorpha L.

Riccia .~.umtsns

Anthoceros iaevis L.

Dumortiers hirsuts (L~:.)Reinw,

LICI~NS

Cksdonis

Pa~rmeiia sP2.

Usnea sp.

~46.

P’lant Community Types

~7

X

X

x

15 16 17

~_,J~_~.o~ J_n~ :-~ai~,s cover r:~ost of the region within the

R,_ S.L e r,,; ~_,_ O,,.UC~;~L £rorJ aerial -.:.~hotogrsphs made by A.SCS

in !964 ~o~ ~ ..... qen% and. Shannon Coun$ies and in 1965 ~o~

Car%er Coun%y. 8onse.%.uen%iy~ Snaccusscies c,.se undoub%

due to ~cnt~ c ...... m~:,,.s in G.:.. f!o~.~ of the rivers or land-use by man.

The reference sc~:x~:s for eech r.a}p a.re taken from the !e.test topo-

oro~,~,l .... i..,ci~_ao~ from the U. ’3. @eoio@;ical Survey. These

8~e :

Yineu~.vst, I]~, NZSO0-’~Jq}.-7..?.5/7 ...... 5 .1968T

Zminence, He. , i~.)7_ i.5-U9!!5/T.5 !98}

Van Buren Z¢orth, He., N}?00-wgl00/’7.5 - 1965

The scale of these vecetation ~aslps is ! in.=660 feet.

on the maps indicate the £ollo~in~:~ community

Nurabers

-~"~ !eSS "q ~ < ......

Bluff

L,~un for<~ of up sites

iiard~ooS, forest of eid6es end up!)er slopes

_. o ~.:.n~L upper slopes

5L~8.

Ii.12.

15.!~!- .

16.

17.

i~orosts or altars and ra~,rines

i~orests of lo~.rer slopes

Vegetation o.f steep rocky banks and. talus slopes,edge of riverForests of river bottomsForests of @rave! barsOpen 6~s.vel ba~s

Aquat i o

Lowian@. @6ricult~rs.1 sites

Upland mc~ricultural sites

Ro ads

Recreation areas

It must be recogni~.ed that in many cases the boundaries

are agproximate,

Furthermore it xas not .9ossible ~.~ith t:~e photographs available

t~.~_.~,. ~:.rhem oine -~’-as =presemt. Consequently the distinc-to always

t~ons, bet~.;een ty-?es 5 and 6 are ,not to be considered accurate¯

~’ina.!ly ~.it must be ke?:t in mmnd’ths.t these maos were not veri~.ied

by ~non-the-site inspe.ction, which is, of course, essential for

accuracy, but not ’) ~Ji~’,~, ~,i~ith the _funds ~nd time available

.... 962.

|o

5

5

I0

565.

569 ¯

S

i0

5

5Y9.

5

608.

I0

iP

I0

10

I0

3

~0

I0

I0

I0

I0

|0

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