Biology 218 – Human Anatomy - RIDDELL - Napa Valley College

Biology 112 – Introduction to Ecology

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of 20 BIOL 112 S 2011 Midterm Exam 2 Q 110429.6.doc

Hassenzahl: Environment, 7th Edition

Chapter 10 Urbanization

1. Which of the following problems is commonly shared by cities in both highly developed and developing countries?

a) lack of adequate medical facilities

b) lack of adequate clean water

c) lack of adequate technology

d) lack of adequate schools

e) lack of adequate shelter

2. Mexico City:

a) is representative of urbanization in a developing country

b) is a good example of a megacity

c) was one of the 10 largest cities in the world in 2005

d) had a population of 19.4 million in 2005

e) all of these

3. What percentage of the U.S. population lives in cities?

a) 25%

b) 50%

c) 79%

d) 85%

e) 100%

4. Urbanization:

a) is growing more quickly in developing countries than in developed countries

b) currently accounts for housing about 75% of the global population

c) results in fewer employment opportunities in developed countries as compared to rural areas

d) refers to the migration of city people to the country to enjoy country living

e) describes a grouping of 10,000 or more individuals

5. The young age structure of urban areas can be attributed to:

a) high birth rates in urban areas

b) influx of young people from rural areas

c) high death rates in urban areas

d) the presence of more females than males in urban areas

e) shortened life expectancy of urban dwellers

6. Unlike people who live in urban areas, people who live in rural areas:

a) are employed in occupations which involve industrial labor

b) are far more heterogeneous with respect to race

c) are far more heterogeneous with respect to religion

d) are generally younger than those in the surrounding cities

e) are employed in occupations which involve harvesting natural resources


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7. The process in which people increasingly move from rural areas to densely populated cities is termed:

a) high density accommodation

b) rural redistribution

c) urbanization

d) metropolitan relocation

e) municipality magnetism

8. Sustainable urban development ideally involves:

a) green space

b) recycling

c) urban farmers

d) solar energy

e) all of these

9. What is gentrification?

a) The movement of wealthier people back to older, run-down homes that have been renovated.

b) The remaining of people in the city and older suburbs who find themselves the victims of declining property values and increasing isolation from suburban jobs.

c) The movement of more affluent citizens to the suburbs to avoid the noise and pollution of inner cities.

d) The remaining of people in the inner city because of prejudice encountered when they seek to move out to suburban neighborhoods.

e) The movement of people to the suburbs to pay less in terms of taxes but more in terms of transportation costs.

10. A brown field is an urban area of:

a) vacant house lots that are overgrown with weeds and vegetation

b) parking lot pavement that collects heat during the day and emits heat at night

c) meadows that are earmarked for industrial development

d) sports arenas for baseball, football, and soccer

e) abandoned, vacant factories, warehouses, and residential sites that may be contaminated from past uses

11. Currently the percentage of people living in cities, compared with rural settings, in highly developed countries is __________ than that in developing countries.

a) less than

b) greater than

c) the same as

d) rapidly increasing while slowing

e) stagnant while slowing


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Raven, Berg, Hassenzahl: Environment, 7th Edition

Chapter 11 Fossil Fuels

12. Based on the figure below, which region of the world has the third-largest oil deposits?

a) North America

b) Africa

c) Asia and Oceania

d) East Europe and former U.S.S.R.

e) South and Central America


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13. Which of these fossil fuels was/were formed from the remains of ancient microscopic algae and aquatic organisms?

a) oil

b) natural gas

c) gas hydrates

d) methane

e) all of these

14. Combustion of which of these fossil fuels is/are linked to global warming?

a) oil

b) natural gas

c) coal

d) methane

e) all of these

15. Which fossil fuel reserves will most likely last the longest?

a) oil

b) natural gas

c) coal

d) peat

e) uranium

16. Which fossil fuel is most abundant in North America?

a) oil

b) natural gas

c) uranium

d) coal

e) peat

17. The type of fossil fuel made from the remains of ancient plants that lived millions of years ago is:

a) peat

b) coal

c) oil

d) natural gas

e) synfuel

18. At the current rate of consumption, the world's coal reserves could last for possibly another:

a) 20 years

b) 50 years

c) 100 years

d) 200 years

e) 500 years


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19. The concern about global warming is directly related to increased levels of what chemical in the atmosphere?

a) mercury

b) carbon dioxide

c) sulfur oxide

d) nitrogen oxide

e) chlorofluorocarbon

20. Today the world's main energy source is:

a) coal

b) hydroelectric

c) natural gas

d) nuclear

e) oil

21. How has the burning of fossil fuels affected the global carbon cycle?

a) less carbon is stored underground

b) carbon is stored underground for longer periods of time

c) the amount of carbon taken up by plants has decreased

d) the total amount of carbon on earth has increased

e) the carbon cycle has slowed down

22. The greatest increase in worldwide energy consumption in the last few years is related to:

a) American fascination with driving SUVs

b) economic development in China and India

c) use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture

d) increase in population in Africa

e) global warming

23. A major reason that global energy consumption is increasing is that:

a) energy prices keep falling

b) developing countries are using more energy as they improve their standard of living

c) the world's population growth is slowing

d) global energy reserves are increasing

e) farmers in developing countries depend on the energy of animals for plowing and other work

24. One of the most destructive types of surface mining for the land itself:

a) is mountaintop removal using a dragline

b) is associated with the increased risk of black-lung disease in miners

c) is regulated by the guidelines of the 1977 Surface Mining and Reclamation Act

d) is most common in the western United States

e) involves replacement of the overburden that is first removed


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Chapter 12 Nuclear Energy

25. Nuclear energy:

a) is released when the chemical bonds that hold atoms together are changed

b) involves changes within the nuclei of atoms

c) involves converting a large amount of matter from the nucleus into a small amount of energy

d) results in the production of greater mass at the end of the energy process

e) all of these

26. Nuclear fission:

a) is a form of combustion

b) is the blending or "melting together" of two small atoms to form a large atom

c) is the splitting of a large atom into two smaller atoms of different elements

d) is the rearrangement of electrons that occurs during a chemical reaction

e) is the process that powers the sun and other stars

27. The half-life of a radioactive element is the period of time required:

a) to convert half of a given mass into radioisotopes

b) to extract one-half of the energy from the Earth's uranium supply

c) for one half of the total amount of a radioactive substance to change into a different material

d) for the sun to us up one-half of its available atomic resources

e) none of these

28. The process of refining uranium ore and insuring the proper amounts of various types of uranium is called:

a) breeding

b) fabrication

c) enrichment

d) fission

e) integration

29. A reactor vessel in a nuclear power plant is:

a) the protective structure surrounding the reactor core

b) the container used to store spent fuel rods

c) used to control the fission process in the reactor core

d) the site of steam and electricity production

e) the standard location for on-site waste storage


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30. When high temperatures begin to melt the metal encasing of the uranium fuel pellets, this is called a:

a) breeder reaction

b) fission reaction

c) fusion reaction

d) meltdown

e) flame out

31. The worst nuclear accident ever to happen at a nuclear power plant occurred at:

a) Bristol, England

b) Chornobyl, Ukraine

c) Fukishima, Japan

d) Savanna River, GA

e) Three Mile Island, PA

32. All of the following are related to NIMBY response except:

a) not in my back yard

b) it commonly is a response to the proposal for a nuclear power plant

c) politicians and their term of office

d) is the “sister” response to NIMTOO

e) all of these are related

33. One advantage of conventional nuclear power, when compared to coal, is:

a) no connection to water pollution

b) limited risk from catastrophic accidents

c) emission of few pollutants to the atmosphere

d) no related occupational death

e) unlimited supply


Chapter 13 Renewable Energy

34. If Hydroelectric power generation was doubled in the US, that would greatly contribute to energy independence of the US : See Big Screen

a) True

b) Somewhat

c) False

35. Adding 10 times the current wind power electric generation would dramatically reduce the US dependence on foreign sources of petroleum. See Big Screen

a) True

b) Somewhat

c) False


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36. Oil / Petroleum is represents approximately ______% of electric generation in the US. See Big Screen

a) 39%

b) 23%

c) 8%

d) 1%

e) <1%l

37. The US is reliant on the following priority order of fuel sources for its electric power supply. See Big Screen

a) Oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, renewables

b) Oil, ethanol, natural gas, coal, nuclear, renewables

c) Coal, Nuclear, Natural Gas, Oil, renewables

d) Coal, Nuclear, Natural Gas, Renewables, Oil,

e) Methanol, ethanol, propane, butane and isobutene

38. Biomass can be converted into which of the following liquid fuels:

a) methanol

b) ethanol

c) fossil fuels

d) diesel

e) both methanol and ethanol

39. Which of the following is not a form of energy technology that originates as solar energy?

a) nuclear energy

b) hydropower

c) wind power

d) photovoltaic solar cells

e) fossil fuels

40. Which of the following is not a renewable source of energy?

a) wind

b) fossil fuels

c) direct solar

d) biomass

e) hydropower


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41. Energy produced from any source other than fossil fuel is called:

a) conventional energy

b) alternative energy

c) renewable energy

d) nuclear energy

e) sustainable energy

42. The amount of solar radiation hitting the Earth depends on:

a) the amount of cloud cover

b) the distance from the equator

c) the time of day

d) the season of the year

e) all of these

43. In the United States, solar radiation is greatest in:

a) the southwest

b) the northeast

c) the northwest

d) the mid-west

e) Florida

44. Which of the following is fuel that can be used in a fuel cell?

a) hydrogen

b) coal

c) uranium

d) natural gas

e) petroleum

45. All of the following materials are examples of biomass fuels except:

a) wood

b) oil

c) animal waste

d) crop wastes

e) sawdust

46. Which of the following does not involve solar energy?

a) geothermal energy

b) photovoltaic cells

c) solar power towers

d) wind farms

e) solar thermal collectors


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47. Growing crops specifically for alcohol production would probably result in:

a) increased desertification

b) increased soil erosion

c) reduced food production

d) increased pollution by fertilizers and pesticides

e) all of these

48. Wind:

a) is the result of the conversion of radiant energy into chemical energy

b) is used in Montana to generate most of the electricity used in that state

c) cannot be used to generate electricity

d) has been used to pump water, irrigate fields and grind grain for many hundreds of years

e) energy produces low levels of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides


Chapter 14 Water

49. Around the world, about ____ people live without adequate access to water.

a) 1.5 million

b) 10 million

c) 98 million

d) 1.1 billion

e) 5.2 billion

50. We depend on water for:

a) manufacturing

b) travel

c) energy production

d) mining

e) all of these

51. Worldwide, freshwater use is:

a) increasing because, on average, each person is using more water

b) decreasing because, on average, agriculture is conserving more water

c) decreasing due to the decline in the global population growth rate

d) decreasing due to improved technology and greater efficiency

e) relatively stable due to offsets between individual use and industrial conservation


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52. An area of land that is drained by a single river is called a/an:

a) wetland

b) aquifer

c) watershed

d) drainage basin

e) both watershed and drainage basin

53. The greatest use of fresh water is for:

a) irrigation

b) industry

c) small businesses

d) homes

54. Water problems are particularly severe in the:

a) Pacific Northwest

b) American Southwest (Colorado River basin)

c) High Plains

d) Gulf Coast States

e) Upper Midwest

55. Treated wastewater that is reused in some way is called:

a) reclaimed water

b) household water

c) black water

d) secondhand water

e) xeriscaped water

56. The largest groundwater deposit in the world is the:

a) Great Lakes Aquifer.

b) Great Basin Aquifer

c) Rocky Mountain Aquifer

d) Ogallala Aquifer

e) Hell Creek Aquifer

57. Artificial lakes in which water is stored for later use are called:

a) cisterns

b) lakes

c) ponds

d) reservoirs

e) estuaries


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Chapter 15 Soils

58. Soil is formed from parent material by biological, chemical, and physical:

a) digestion processes

b) weathering processes

c) composting

d) terracing

e) leaching

59. Soil is composed of:

a) mineral particles

b) organic materials

c) air

d) water

e) all of these

60. The uppermost layer of soil that is rich in plant litter and other organic material is the:

a) A horizon

b) B horizon

c) C horizon

d) O horizon

e) E horizon

61. The most extensive damage during the American Dust Bowl of the 1930s occurred in:

a) Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas

b) Nebraska, Wyoming, and South Dakota

c) Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado

d) Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi

e) Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas

62. Desertification can be caused by:

a) overgrazing

b) overcultivation

c) periodic droughts

d) soil erosion

e) all of these


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63. A major problem with conservation tillage is:

a) the soil becomes compact

b) soil erosion increases

c) it increases insect populations

d) it requires greater use of herbicides to control weeds

e) the soil contains less organic matter

64. Planting the same crop year after year:

a) increases the likelihood of damage by insects and disease

b) decreases soil erosion

c) provides essential nutrients to the soil

d) slowly increases crop yields

e) is a new and innovative agricultural practice

65. The American Dust Bowl was caused by all of the following except:

a) the Great Plains of North America have low annual precipitation

b) the extensive removal of native prairie grasses to plant crops

c) overgrazing

d) unusually severe wind and storm conditions

e) poor nutrient quality of the soil of the Great Plains


Chapter 16 Minerals

66. Two of the first metals to be used by humans to produce bronze were:

a) copper and iron

b) iron and gold

c) copper and tin

d) iron and sulfur

e) gold and silver

67. A rock that contains a large enough concentration of a particular mineral to profitably mine and extract it is called a/an:

a) atom

b) slag

c) metal

d) ore

e) compound


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68. _______ are minerals that are usually malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity, and lustrous.

a) rocks

b) high-grade ores

c) low-grade ores

d) metals

e) nonmetals

69. A significant portion of the world's known supply of copper is located in:

a) Chile and the United States

b) China and India

c) South Africa

d) Germany and France

e) Antarctica


Chapter 18 Land

70. What is the current percentage of land used by humans for agriculture?

a) 28%

b) 42%

c) 55%

d) 31%

e) 38%

71. Cities make up what percentage of the world's total land area?

a) 5%

b) 17%

c) 3%

d) 12%

e) 7%

72. All of the following are benefits of coastal wetlands except:

a) reduced flooding through their ability to hold excess water

b) improved water quality

c) reduced impact of ozone depletion

d) provide habitat for endangered species

e) produce important commercial products


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73. Which of the following is a direct cause of deforestation?

a) insects

b) indigenous people

c) decrease of agriculture

d) diseases

e) both insects and diseases

74. Which of the following is not a method currently used to harvest trees?

a) clear-cutting

b) selective cutting

c) seed tree cutting

d) shelterwood cutting

e) none of these

75. The natural or human-induced process that decreases the future ability of the land to support crops or livestock is known as:

a) desertification

b) land degradation

c) overgrazing

d) clear cutting

e) undergrazing

76. Approximately 55 percent of the land in the United States is owned by:

a) the federal government, as national parks

b) Native Americans

c) citizens, corporations, and non-profit organizations

d) state and local governments

e) the federal government, as national forests and rangelands

77. Forests:

a) fix large amounts of oxygen, removing it from the atmosphere

b) promote soil erosion

c) maintain watersheds

d) provide habitat for few animal species

e) release large amounts of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere

78. Timber companies prefer to harvest trees by:

a) clear-cutting

b) seed tree cutting

c) selective cutting

d) shelter wood cutting

e) even-age harvesting


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79. Tropical dry forests are being destroyed largely due to demand for:

a) food

b) pharmaceutical products

c) mining ores

d) industrial wood and wood fiber

e) fuel

80. Boreal forests:

a) comprise the world's largest biome

b) are currently the primary source of the world's industrial wood and wood fiber

c) are harvested primarily by clear-cut logging

d) are comprised of evergreen trees, such as spruce, fir, cedar, and hemlock

e) all of these


Chapter 22 Water Pollution

81. After coal is burned, what toxic chemical is often present in the resulting ash?

a) silicon dioxide

b) mercury

c) plutonium

d) aluminum oxide

e) iron oxide

82. Which of the following led to a decrease in the size of the “dead zone” in the Gulf of Mexico?

a) increased biofuel production

b) increased global CO2 emissions

c) Hurricane Dolly

d) proliferation of intensive agriculture

e) increased river discharge due to heavy rains

83. What potential health problems are likely to result from the release of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's) into the environment?

a) cancer

b) high blood pressure

c) neurological problems

d) hormonal effects

e) gastrointestinal disorders


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84. One major problem with sewage is that it adds which of the following to water?

a) sodium chloride and dissolved oxygen

b) carbon dioxide and nitrogen

c) nitrogen and phosphorus

d) human wastes and heavy metals

e) soil and microorganisms

85. Sewage is degraded by the process of:

a) cellular respiration

b) photosynthesis

c) enrichment

d) eutrophication

e) primary treatment

86. Sediment pollution is caused by:

a) erosion

b) disease-causing agents

c) fertilizers

d) toxic compounds

e) heated water

87. The "dead zone" in the Gulf of Mexico is:

a) home to numerous bacteria and bottom dwellers, such as sea stars and spiny lobsters, but no fishes

b) due to regular dumping of untreated human sewage into the gulf

c) a large zone of hypoxia caused by excessive decomposition of algae

d) present year round

e) the largest oxygen-free zone identified to date

88. Mercury and lead:

a) are parts of acid precipitation

b) affect only small organisms

c) do not cause serious problems in the United States

d) cause mental impairment

e) are radioactive

89. Mercury:

a) does not occur naturally in the environment; it is a pollutant produced by exclusively human activities

b) emissions are generated exclusively by municipal and medical waste incinerators

c) emissions are linked to/produced by coal-fired power plants

d) emissions are strictly regulated by the Clean Air Act

e) cannot be removed from power plant emissions by the technology currently available


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90. Eutrophication:

a) lessens biodiversity

b) lowers the dissolved oxygen content of the water

c) is caused by nutrient enrichment

d) results in increased photosynthetic productivity

e) all of these

91. Pollution that is discharged into the environment through pipes, sewers, or ditches is called:

a) polluted runoff

b) point source pollution

c) nonpoint source pollution

d) specific discharge

e) effluent runoff

92. 72% of the water pollution in rivers is attributed to:

a) industries

b) household wastes

c) agriculture

d) mining

e) logging

93. Given the data in the graph, at what approximate distance downstream from the spill does the dissolved oxygen level recover to its original, pre-spill level?


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a) 15 km

b) 30 km

c) 60 km

d) 90 km

e) 120 km

94. Which of the following is not a potential solution to the "dead zone" in the Gulf of Mexico?

a) further treating wastewater to remove phosphorus and nitrogen

b) restoring the wetlands in the Mississippi River

c) reducing the amount of fertilizer used along the Mississippi River watershed

d) reducing nitrogen oxides from automobile emissions

e) limit agriculture, both crops and livestock, along the Mississippi River

95. Worldwide, freshwater use is:

a) increasing because, on average, each person is using more water

b) decreasing because, on average, agriculture is conserving more water

c) decreasing due to the decline in the global population growth rate

d) decreasing due to improved technology and greater efficiency

e) relatively stable due to offsets between individual use and industrial conservation


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Biology 218 – Human Anatomy - RIDDELL - Napa Valley College

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