BILLIARDS BINDING BIRTH-DAY

B I L L I A R D S B I N D I N G B I R T H - D A Y

billiards: *ludus tudlcularls s. tudi-cularius (Kr.): to play at bs, *globulos eburneos clava lusorla super mensam agitare s. impellere (Kr. and Georg.). billion: *billio: Era. ap. Kr. billow: fluctus: v. W A V E . billowy: 1. undosus: the b. sea,

un. aequor, Virg.: SU. 2. undans, ntis: Ace ap. Cic.: Claud. 3. unda bundus (stronger than undans): Gell.

4. fluctuosus: PL (but used by Plin. in sense of wavy, of gems). bin: 1. lacus, U3 (for corn, etc.):

Col. 2. Igeiilus (ire o wine-cellar): PL Mil. 3, 2, 38. binacle: *locus in quo servatur

pyxus acus magneticae. binary: blnarlus: Lampr. bind: I. Lit.: to tie together,

to confine, restrain: 1, llgo, I: to b. fl handkerchief about the neck, su-darium circum collum I., Suet. 2. vincio, vinxi, vinctum, 4 (to b. in order te confine or fetter; whereas llgo prop, signifies to b. so as to hold together or preserve from injury: v. Habicht, § 591): it is a crime to b. a Roman citizen, facinus est v. civem Romanum, Cic.: to 6. with chains, ca-tenls v., Caes.: to b. the temples with fresh flowers, tempora novis floribus v., Hor. (The comp. evincio is in-tens.: Tac.) 3. necto, nexui or nexi, nexum, 3 (prop, to twine together; weave : a. v.): to b. winged sandals on the feet, talaria pedibus n., Virg. 4, stringo, strinxi, strictum, 3: v. TO SQUEEZE, CONFINE, PRESS. (See also the

compounds.) ||, Fig.: to restrain, liold in check: 1, tgneo, iii, ntum, 2 : the laws do not b. him, leges ilium non I., Cic: Virg.: to be bound neither by oath nor by hostages, neque Jurejurando neque obsidibus teneri, Caes. 2. ob-stringo, nxi, ctum, 3: tob. a state by an oath, civitatem jurejurando ob., Caes.: to be bound by laws, legibus obstringi, Cic. (a stronger expr. than legibus teneri). 3, astringo, 3 (=2): to b. by laws, legibus as., Cic: to b. by conditions, conditionibus as., Cic. 4, vincio (rare in this sense) : tob. by a marriage contract, pacto matrimonii v., Tac.: bound (fettered) by a religious scruple, religione vinctus, Cic. 5. alllgo, 1: the law bs all peisons, omnes mortales al. lex, Cic.: to 6. any one (to something) by oath, aliquem jurejurando al., PI. (The simple verb ligo in this sense is chiefly poet) 6. obllgo, 1: to b. a surety in 3000 asses, vadem tribus mil-libus aeris ob., Liv. Phr.: tob. any one by oath: aliquem (ad) jusjurandum adigere; also, jurejurando, Sacramento adigere: v. O A T H : bound to no school in philosophy, nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri, Hor.: to be bound by religious scruples so as nol to be able to do a thing, religionibus impediri, Caes.

HI. To render costive oi-firm: \, astringo, 3 : tob. the bowels, alvum as. Cels.: Ov. 2. constringo, 3 : Plin.: v. ASTRINGENT. 3, stringo, 3: the

sea is bound by intense cold, mare gelu stringitur, Gell. 4. comprlmo, pressi, pressum, 3: tob. tlie bowels, alvum c, Cels. IV,' To fasten or secure the edges of anything: 1, praellgo, 1: a wreath bound with a white band, corona Candida fascia praeligata, Suet. 2, plae-texo, xui, xtum, 3: v. TO BORDER, FRINGE.

V. To bind books: libros conglu-tinare: Uip. (compingere, tegumentis muni re, Kr.).

back or behind: 1. rgllgo, 1: to b. back the liair, comam r., Hor. : Achilles drags Hector bound behind his chariot, trahit Hectorem ad curram reli-gatum Achilles, Cic. 2. rgvincio, 4 (strictly to b. back; hence to b. firmly): to b. any one fast to rocks, aliquem ad saxa r., Ov.: Virg.: v. TO FASTEN. 3. restringo, 3: tob. back the arms (tightly), lacertos r., Hor.: Cic.

before, in front, or to the end of: 1. praeUgo, 1: dry twigs are bound to the tips of the oxen's liorns, arida sarmenta praeligantur cornibus 80

bourn: Liv.: Cic. 2. praevincio, 4: Gell. 3. praenecto, 3 ; Sol.

d o w n : 1. dgllgo, 1: lie orders tlie man to be stripped and bound d., hominem nudari ac deligarl jubet, Cic.: v. T O FASTEN D O W N . 2. dgvincio,

4: to b. any one down with bandages, aliquem fasciis d., Cic.

over: I. Lit,: to b. one thing over another: 1. obllgo, I: with something bound (a bandage) over the eyes, obligatis oculis, Sen.: Cic: v. TO BIND UP. 2. obstrlngo, 3: v. T O

BIND UP. II, To malce a legal engagement with any one: 1. obllgo, 1: more fully, nexu se obllgare, Cic.: to b. oneself over by a compact, foedere se ob., Liv.: Suet. 2. astringo, obstrlngo, 3 : v. T O BIND (IL). 3. v3dor 1 (1. e.

to b. over a defendant by sureties to appear): v. BAIL.

round: 1. clrcumllgo, 1: to b. iron round with tow, ferrum stuppa 0.: Liv.: Virg. 2. obllgo, 1: bound r. with a hide, obligatus corio, Auct. ad Her.: to b. a shoot round with fine bark, surculum libra obi., Varr.: v. TO BIND UP.

to: 1. alllgo, 1: tob. a man to a statue, hominem ad statuam al., Cic. 2. astringo, 3: tob. a man fast to a pillar, aliquem ast. ad columnam fortiter, PL: Cic. 3. (Fig.): de-vincio, astringo, etc.: v. T O A T T A C H TO.

together: 1. coiiigo, 1: to b. tlie hands together, manus c, Liv.: to b. the hair together, capillnm c, Varr. Fig.: men are bound together by the bond of speech, homines sermonis vinculo coUigantur, Cic. 2. constringo, 3 (to b. together tightly): to 6. the hands together, manus c, PL: to b. the world together by laws, orhem terrarum legibus c, Cic. (Tob. together may also be expr. by the simple verbs, as, to b. the hair together, stringere comas, Lucr.): V. TO FASTEN TOGETHER. 3. COntlneO, 2 (esp. fig.) : V. TO HOLD TOGETHER, CONNECT.

up: I. Qf dressing wounds, etc.: 1. llgo, I: to b. up a wound, vulnus 1., Liv. 2. (more usu.) obllgo, r.: tob. up a broken leg, eras fractum ob., PL: to b. up a wound, vulnus ob., Cic 3. alUgo, I:-to b. up a wound, vulnus al., Liv.: Just. 4. colligo, I: to b. up wounds, vulnera c, Suet. 5, praellgo, i: Plin. ||, To fasten together, confine: 1, obstringo, 3 : to b. up the icinds, ventos ob., Hor.: v. ro CONFINE. 2. substringo, 3 : to b.

the hair up in a lenot, crinem nodo s., Tac. 3. (In medical sense): stringo, astringo, constringo, comprlmo: v. TO BIND (III.). III. Only in pass.: to be bound up in or with, contineor, 2: the league with Rome, in which all our interests are bound up, Romanum foedus quo nostra omnia continentur, Liv.: my return (from exile) is bound up with your decision, meus reditus vestro judical continetur, Cic.

upon or on : 1. nilgo, 1:

he b.s Mettus outstretched upon the chariots, in currus distentam illigat Mettum, Liv. 2. innecto, 3 : to 6. garlands upon the temples, tempora sertis in., Ov.: Virg. 3. alllgo, 1: v. T O BIND TO. 4. subllgo, 1: tob. a sword upon the side, ensem lateri s., Virg. binder (subs): rarely used except in

sense of book-binder: q. v. (The Lat. substantives vinctor, alligator, in general sense are rare, and their meaning is usu. best conveyed by part of a verb.) binding (adj.): obligatorius: Gai.

Chiefly used ta phr. it is binding, i. e. incumbent upon: gportet: v. IT BEHOVES, BECOMES.

binding (s«6s.).- |, In gen, sense: 1, rgllgatio: the b. up of vines, r.

vitium, Cic. 2- (more usu.): expr. by part of verb: as, to pay attention to the b. up of vines, vitibus religandis operam dare. ||, Of books: *tggu-mentum (Kr.): v. COVERING. |||, Of a dress: v. BORDER, FRINGE.

bmd-weed: convolvulus: Piin. binocular: *bln5cularls, e: M.L binomial: 'blngmialis, e: M. L. biographer: vitae rerumque gesta-

ram alicujus narrator s. scriptor: v. WRITER. Phr.: those who are their own bs, scriptores rerum suarum, Cic, biographical: Phr.: a 6. work,

liber de hominis (hominum) vita: c£ Nep. Pref. fin.: a b. writer, v. BIOGRAPHER.

biography: P h r.: to mite the bs cf distinguished men, vitas resque gestas clarorum hominum memoriae mandare Gell.: in this book we will write the b. of illustrious commanders, hoc expone-mus Ubro vitam (al. ie vita) excellen-tfum imperatorum, Nep. bipartite: blpartltus: Varr.: Cic. biped : blpes, pgdis: vilest of Is,

bipedum nequissimus, Plin. ep. birch-tree: betula or betulla: Hla, birchen: ex betula factus: or by

analogy, betullnus. bird: 1. avis, is,/..- a b. shut up

in a cage, a. taclusa in cavea, Cic: deceived by a false 6. (i. e. omen), ave deceptus falsa, Ov. 2. avIcSIa (a little b.): Gell. 3, vglucris, is, /. (prop, any flying creature): Cic.: Hor.

4. alls, Itis, com. (chiefly poet; and usu. of a single large bird): a white b. (i. e. swan), a. albus, Hor.: the watchful b. (I. e. cock), vigfl a., Ov.: the tawny b. of Jove (i. e. eagle), fulvus Jovis a, Virg. 5. praepes, gtis (prop, indicative of rapid motion: poet.): the 5. of Jove, p. Jovis, Ov.: Virg. bird-cage: (avis) civga: Cic, bird-call: *nstula aucupatoiia. bird-catcher: auceps, cupis :PL

Hor. bird-catching1: aucuplum: Cic, bird-keeper: avlarfus: Col. bird-lime: viscum: Cic: Virg. bird-net: rgteaviariurn: Varr. bird's-nest: nidus: Cic: Virg. bireme: blremis, is,/.: Caes.: Cic, birth: I. A coming into life:

1. ortus, us (N.B. Not natm: which only occurs in abl. sing., in sense of age: q. v.) : tlie moon controls the bs of those wlio are just coming ink existence, ortus nascentium luna moderator, Cic. 2. natlvltas: thegatemy of 6., janua nativitatis, Tert. 3. J'ort

freq. expr. by help of verb: as, ihe fatlier rejoiced at the b. of a son, pater gavisus est filium sibi natum esse: do you know the exact time qf tlie girl's b.? scisne (sein') quota maxime bora puella nata sit?: v. TO BE BORN: tlie liowr qf b., natalis hora, Hor.: to give 0. to, pargre, enlti (esp. in perf. tenses): v. T O BRING FORTH;, ft. Lineage, descent : 1, ggnns, gris, n. (usu. in connexion with natas.-and often = Wj» birth): they are of noble b., nobili g. nati sunt, Cic.: to boast qf one's i-, genus jactare, Hor. 2. 0Ttw, * Cato by b. a Tuseulcm, Cato ortu Tuscn-lanus, Cic. 3, natales, ium, m.: « man qf distinguished b., vir Claris na-talibus, Tac: Juv. Phr.: a maidtn of noble b., generosa virgo, Cic: no one, Maecenas, is of better 6. than you, Maecenas, nemo est generosior te, Hor.: a person of the lowest b„ homo infimo loco natus, Cic: v. DESCENT, FAMILY. III.

The act of giving birth: 1. partus, us: the b. was thought to be at lmm jam appropinquare p. putabatur, Cic: the incantations arrested the b., tenue-rant carmina partus, Ov. 2. 8tos, Js: PL: Cic. |V. The thing bom: r. CREATURE. V. Origin, beginning: q. v.: chiefly in phr. to give birth to; pario : v. T O OCCASION, GIVE RISE TO.

birth-day; 1, dies natalis: m b. day of this city, dies n. hujus urns, Cic.: you wrote a letter to me on yow >„ n. die tao scripsisti epistolam ad me, Cic.: also simply natalis, is, m. -• leaf" to the city on my b., ad urbem n. meo veni, Cic: it is my 6., meus est n., Virg. 2. ggnltalisdies: Tac Ph'-he gives a b. entertainment in his gardens, dat nataUtia in hortis, Cic: I

BIRTH-FLACE BLACK B L A M E

•was invited to a 6. feast, ad natalities dapes vocabar, Mart. birth-place: 1. sglnm natale:

Ov. 2. gSnltale solum: Veil. 3. incunabula, orum (fig.) : / will proceed to my &„ ad in. nostra pergam, Cic.: the b. of Jove, Jovis in., Ov.: v. CRADLE. Phr.: this is my real b., haec est mea germana patria, Cic birth-right: I. Bight having its

foundation in descent: *jus quod ex genere est s. oritur: not simply jus he-reditarium (Auct Har. Resp. 7, 14), for the heir was not necessarily related by blood. l|. The right of the eldest born: *jus filiifamilias major's, maximi. Phr.: he sold his b., vendidit *primiUva sua, Vulg. Hebr. 12, 16. birth-wort: 1. aristglBchla: PUn.

2, clemafitls, Idis,/.: PUn. 3, plstglgchla: PUn. biscuit! buccellatum: (this was the

bread furnished to soldiers when it was necessary for them to take provisions for a longer time than usual): Ammian.: Spart.: sweet biscuits, dulcia, ium: Lampr. bisect: m duas partes aequales sec-

are s. dividere. bisection: expr. by inf. mood, or

other part of verb: v. T O BISECT. bishop: 1. SpiscOpus: Eccl.: a

suffragan b., chorgpiscSpus, Cod. Just.: are associate 6., cggpiscopus, Hier. 2. pontifex, Icis: Sidon.: the office qf a b., pontlflclum: Sol.: Cod. Theod. bishopric: \, A bishop's district:

dloecesis, is,/.: Sid. ||, A bishop's office: gpiscfipatus, us: Tert bismuth: bismuthum: M.L. bison: bison, ontis, m.: Plin. bissextile (subs.): 1. tatercalaris

annus: Plin. 2. blsextlUs annus: Isid. bissextile (adj.): Msextllis, e: Isid. bistoury: "gladinsPistoriensis: M.L. bit (for a horse's mouth); frgnum;

usu. in plu, frena or freni: the horse submits to the 6., equus frenum recipere solet, Cic.: Hor.: to take the 6. in one's teeth (i. e. to resist), frenum mordere, Cic: the sounding b., freni sonantes, Virg.: o jagged kind of b. (used for hard-mouthed horses), frena lupata (also simply lupata, Virg., and lupus, Ov.): Hor. bit (a small piece): 1. frustum

(usu. of food): a b. falls from the chicken's mouth, f. ex pulli ore cadit, Cic.: Hor. 2, offa (prop, a lump of cake or meat): Cic: Virg. 3. oifula (a little 6.): a little b. of meat, carnis of., Col.: a little b. of bread, panis of., Veg. Phr.: to cut anything into little bits, aliquid minutatim secare, Varr.: V. MORSEL, WHIT.

bit (v.): Phr.: to 6. a horse, frenos eqno adhibere: cf. Cic Brut. ;6, 204. bitch: canis fernina: Plin. (Not

simply canis, which is found in the/em. quite irrespective of sex.) bite (v.): |. To pierce with teeth,

etc.: 1. mordgo, mgmordi, morsum, 2: dogs can b., canes m. possunt, Virg.: the flea bs, pulex m., Mart.: he bit the ground when dying, moriens h u m u m ore momordit, Virg. Fig.: ire ploughing, the share bs (the ground), in arando m. vomer, Plin. 2. praemordeo, praemordL 2 (to 6. off the extremity of): to b. off the tip of the tongue, lin-guam p., Lucan. 3, admordeo, 2 (to nibble: q. v.): her arms were bit at by adders, sunt brachia admorsa colubrls, Prop. 4, demordeo, 2 (to bite of) -' to b. off one's nails, ungues d, Pers. Phr.: tob. of the lobe qf the ear, anti-axiom mordicus auferre, Cic. ||. To produce a keen, pungent sensation: mordeo: now the morning chUlt b. those who are not careful enough, matulina parum cautoa jam frigora m., Hor.: the root b.s with a sharp taste, radix gustn acri m., PUn.: so of pain caused by sarcasm, etc.: a biting jest, Jocus mor-dens, Jnv. bite (subs.): morsus, fls: (i). the act qf biting: wounds which are made by a

b., vulnera quae morsu Hunt, Cels.: to attack with bs, morsibus insequi, Ov. (ii). a wound -made by biting: the ulcerated 6. of a serpent, ulceratas serpentls m., Cic: wool pressed upon the bsof a mad dog, lana canis rabiosi morsibus inculcate, PUn.: Cels. Phr..- vnth a 6., or with the teeth, mordicus: Varr.: Cic. biting (adj.): |. Apt to bite:

mordax, acis: a b. dog, m. canis, PL : a. b. horse, m. equus, Gell. || Cutting, severe: 1. asper, gra, grum: more 5. witticisms, asperiores facetiae, Cic.

2. mordax: fl b. poem, m. carmen, Ov.: 6. envy, m. invidia, Phaedr. 3, mordens: Juv.: v. GALLING, STINGING.

bitter: I. Of the taste: amaras: sensation judges (what is) sweet or b., sensus judicat dulce, aroarum, Cic: a b. taste in the mouth, os amaram, Cels. Somewhat b., subamarus: things somewhat b. please otheis, alios subamara delectant, Cic Phr.: To become 6., amaresco, 3 : Pall.: Inamaresco, 3 .-Hor.; v. also SOUR. ||. Sharp, severe: 1. acerbus: 6. cold, a. frigus, Hor.: he was 6. ire vituperation, a. erat in vituperando, Cfc. 2. amarus: 6. words, a. dicta, Ov. 3, asper, gra, grum: b. hatred, a. odia, Virg.: Cic.: v. BITING. HI, Painful: 1. acerbus : a b. and mournful day for tlie Roman people, a. et luctuosus populo R. dies, Cic.: a very b. annoyance, acer-bissima vexatio, Cic 2. gravis, e: v. GRIEVOUS.

bitterly : 1. acerbg (1. e. with austerity): he was b. severe upon his son, a. severus in filium fuit, Cic Also with ref. to grief, vexation: to be b. vexed al anything, aliquid a. ferre, Cic.

2. aspgrg (implying anger and harshness).- Cato spoke 6. and -violently, Cato a. et vehementer est locutus, Cic

3. infense (implying hostility and exasperation): to inveigh b., in. invehi, Tac 4. amare (less frequent than the foregoing; and denoting wounded feeling rather than hostility): to reprimand 6, admonere a. Sen.: Suet. bittern: 1. ardgfila: Plin. 2,

astgrfas, ae, m.: Plin. 3. butlo, Onis, ro.; Cann. Phil. bitterness: I. Of taste.- 1,

amaritas: the 6. of the juice, am. sued, Vitr. 2. amSrltudo: Varr.: Pita.

3. Smaror (rare): Lucr.: Virg. ||, Sharpness, severity: 1. 8cer-

bitas: a difference cf opinion without 6, dissensio sine a., Cic. %, aspgrltas (of b. as hostile, aggressive): words of studied b., verba quaesita asperitate, Tac. 3. amarftudo (bitter, wounded feeling): lest injustice turn to b., ne in amaritudinem vertat injuria, PUn. |||. Severe affliction: 1, ace ibi las the b. of extreme grief, a. summi luctns, Cic.

2. Bmarltudo: Val. Max.: v. GRIE-VOUBNESS.

bitter-sweet (a plant): 1, am-pglos, i,/..- Plin. 2. sSlIcastram: Plin. bitumen: bitumen, Inis, ».: Tac: PUn. bituminous: 1. bitumlngus: Ov. 2. bltumlnosus: Vitr. bivouac (subs): excublae, arum: Cic.: Tac.: v. W A T C H , GUARD, bivouac 0 0 -' exciibo, ui, Itum, 1: they ascertained by the fires that our cohorts were King at night near the fortifications, animadverterunt ex ignibus noctu cohortes nostras ad munitiones ex., Caes.: he orders two legions to b. in readiness for action, duas legiones in armis ex. jubet, Caes.: Virg. blab (".)•' 1. deblStSro, I (rare): PI. 2. gesto, I: PL: Sen.: v. TO DIVULGE, SPREAD ABROAD. blab (subs): 1, garrulus (strictly an adj.): Hor.: v. GOSSIP. 2. gestor (rare): PI. 3, vulgator; Ov.: v. BABBLER. black (adj.): |, Of colour: 1, ater, tra, tram (prop, dead b): do you, drink white or b. wine? album an a. vinum notas ? PI.: I will make her as Q

black as a coal, reddam tam atram quam carbo est, Ter.: a b. cloud, a. nubes, Cic.: o 6. (gloomy) colour, color a., Ov.

2. nlger, gra, grum (prop, a glossy b.): to say what things are white, wliat 6., quae alba sint, quae n. dicere, Cic.: although he was b. (or swarthy), you fair, quamvis ilie n., quamvis tu can-didus esses, Virg.: volumes of b. smoke, n. volumina fumi, Ov.: 6. blood, n. sanguis, Ov.: the sky was blacker than pitch, coelum pice nigrius fuit, Ov. 3, nigrans, autia (chiefly poet.): b. wings, nigrantes alae, Ov.: Virg. Phr.: to be b., nlgrare, Lucr.: to become b., nigres-cere, Ov.: Plin.: v. D A R K , DIRTY. ||. Dismal, calamitous: 1. ater: o 6. day, dies a., Virg.: b. death, a. mors, Hor. 2. nlger: a b. day, n. sol, Hor.: Ov. 111. Horrible, atrocious: q. v.

and blue: v. LIVID: Phr.: a b. and blue spot or mark, IIvor: Tib.: to make b. and blue, variare: PI. . black (subs.): |. The colour: nigrum: the colour is changed from b. to white, e nigro color est mutatus in album.Ov. \\, Black dress :Vhr.: pray who ever dinedinb.? cedoquis unquam coenarlt atratus ? Cic.: lictors clothed in b., Uctores atri, Hor.: v. M O U R N I N G .

HI. A black man: Aethiops, bpis: let the white man laugh at the b., Ori-deat Aethiopem albus, Juv. black-art, the: 1. magica ars:

Virg. 2. magla: ApuL black-ball (v): *nigro calculo s. la-

pillo rejicgre, repellgre. black-berry: 1. morum: Ov.:

Plin. 2, riibus (prop, the plant) Prop. black-berry bush: riibus: Caes.;

Hor.: v. BRAMBLE.

black-bird: mgrula: Cic: Hor. black-cap (bird): sylviaatricapilla:

Latham. 2. mglancgryphos: Plin. black-cattle: v. O X E N . black-cock: 1. tgtrao, onis, m.:

Plin.: Suet.: (t. tetrix, Linn.). 2. *lyrurus tetrix: Swainson. blacken: I. To make b.: 1,

nigro, 1: to b. one's arms by beating, planctu laoertos n., Stat. 2. dgnigro, 1 (intens.): to 6. the hair, capillum d., Plin. (More usu. expr. by nigrum, atrum facere, reddere: v. TO MAKE.)

||, To darken: q.v. |||. To sully: dgnigro, 1: to 6. any one's honour and reputation, alicujus honorem famamqne d., Finnic.: v. TO SULLY, CALUMNIATE.

blackguard: ngbitto, onis: Cic: Hor.: v. BAKE.

blacking: atramentam: Cic" blackish: 1. subnlger, gra, gram:

PI.: Cels. 2, fuscus, subfuscus: v. DARK, DARKISH.

black-lead : plumbago, Inis, /.: PUn. blackness': 1. nigrltia or nigrl-

ties: Plin.: Cels. 2. nlgror: Lucr.: Cels. 3, nigritude: PUn. 4. atrl-tas: PI. black-smith: 1. ferrarius f aber-:

PL 2. ferrarius: Finnic. black-thorn: prfinus silvestris,/.: CoL: Plin. 2, splnus, i, /..- Vug.: Pall. bladder: vesica (the urinary or any other b.) -• Cic..- Cels.: Hor. A small 6.,vgslcula: Lucr.: v. VESICLE. bladder - n u t : stSphylgdendron : PUn. blade: I, The young shoot of a plant: herba: the crops die in the early 6., primis segetes moriuntur in herb's, Ov.: Cic. ||. The cutting part of a knife, etc.: lamina: the b. of a saw, 1. serrae, Virg.: v. also S W O R D . |||. The flat pari qf an oar: 1, palma; Cat.: Vitr. 2. palmfila: Virg. blade-bone: v. SH O U L D E R - B L A D E . blame (v.): 1, rgprghendo, di, sum, 3 : lie bs the rashness of the soldiers, temeritatem militum reprchendit, Caes.: you b. that in me which was praised in MeteUus, ta id In m e r. quod Metello laudi datum est, Cic: to b. others, alios r., Cic. 2. accuso, 1: for what do you 6. the man ? hominem

B L A M E B L A Z O N B L E S S

quid accusas ? Cic: v. TO FIND FAULT, ACCUSE. 3. incfiso, i (= accuso: v. TO ACCUSE) : he b.d them severely, vehe-menter eos incnsavit, Caes,: to b. an action, factum in., Ov. 4. eondemno (prop, to condemn) : to b. any one for sloth, aUquem inertiae c, Cic 5, culpo, 1 (not in Cic.): he is praised by some, b.d by others, laudatur ab his, cul-patur ab illis, Hor.: Varr.: Suet. 6, imprObo, 1: v. TO DISAPPROVE. 7, vltipgro, 1: v..TO FIND FAULT WITH.

8. "perstrlngo, nxl, ctum, 3: v. TO CENSURE.

blame, blaming (subs.) -. |. Censure: 1, culpa: (prop, tlie fault; but in certain connexions, the blame of it): fortune bears tlie b. of all these evils, horam maloram omnium c. for-tuna sustinet, Cic.: I have avoided b„ not deserved praise, vitavi c, laudem non merui, Hor.: v. inf. (IL). 2. re-prghensio: the b. of-a fault, culpae r., Cic.: things deserving of no b„ nulla r. digna, Suet. 3. vltupgratio : (stronger than the preceding): to avoid 6., v. vitare, Cic; v. REPROOF. 4. incu-satio (denoting an emphatic upbraiding) : Cic. 5. imprgbatio: v. DISAPPROVAL. ||, The fault itself: 1, culpa: they laid the b. thereof on the multitude, ejus rei 0. in multitudinem contulerunt, Caes.: to lay the b. on another's shoulders, c. in aliquem transfers, Cic: Hor. 2. noxia: to be •free fromb., esse extra n., Ter.; noxia carere, PL : v. FAULT. blameable: 1. eulpabilis, e (not

in Cic): ApuL : Arnob. 2. vltiipg-rabilis, e (rare) : what is in its own nature b., that, I think, is called a vice, quod v. est per seipsum, id vitlum no-minatum puto, Cic 3. Expr. by ga: of verbs for to blame (q. v.) : as, if those who were panie-striclcen were b., still more worthy of censure are those who pretended fear, si accusandi sunt ii qui pertimuerunt, magis etiam repre-hendendi qui se timere simulaverunt, Cic. blameably: 1. culpablllter (rare):

Symm. (The compar. culpabilius occurs in Paul. Nol.). 2. More usu. expr. by phr.: as, to act most b., res magna reprehensione dignas facere: v. BLAME. blameless : I. Not blameable with

respect to any particular act: culpa liber; reprehensione haud s. minime dignus, etc.: v. FR E E FROM, UNDESERV

ING O F (blame). ||, Of general character : spotless, unblemished. 1, sanc-tus: men most frugal and 6., homines frugalissimi, sanctissimi, Cic.: a most b. philosophy (the stoic), sanctissima disciplina, GelL: v. MORAL, UPRIGHT.

2. inngcens, ntis: a good man and a b. one, vir bonus et L, Cic: v. INNOCENT. 3, intgger, gra, gram (i. e. incorruptible) : b. men, homines in., Cic.: a most b. life, integerrima vita, Cic: Hor. 4. irrgprghensus : your b. uprightness, tua probitas ir., Ov.: v. INNOCENT, IRREPROACHABLE. blamelessly: 1. sancte : to go

vern (a province) b., (provinciam) s. obtinere, Cic: Quint.: v. RELIGIOUSLY.

2. integre : Cic: Suet. 3, in-nScenter: Quint.: Tac.: v. IRREPROACHABLY.

blamelessness: 1, innocentla: Cic: Liv. 2. integrltas : v. UPRIGHTNESS.

blamer: 1. reprghensor: Cic.: Ov. 2. vitupgrator : envious b.s, invidi v., Cic. 3, Or expressed by verb: v. T O BLAME. blanch: v. T O WHITEN. P h r.: to

b. almonds, amygdalas decoriare, Pall. bland: blandus: v. MILD, AFFABLE,

SENILE. blandishment: 1. blandltla:

P.I.: Cic. 2. blandimentum : PL: Cic. 3. Ignoclninni (esp. in pi.): v. FASCINATIONS. blank (adj.): I. Hot filled or written on: 1, purus: b. papers, chartae p., Uip. 2. vacilus (Kr. and 82

Georg.). ||. Pale, confounded, dismayed: q.v. Phr.: me b. horror seized, me luridus occupat horror, Ov.; obstupui, Virg.: v. AGHAST. |||, Of heroic verse; without rhymes: "versus heroicus purus; versus non as-sonantes. \\f. Phr.: a b, cartridge, *embolus sine glande s. globulo. blank («»6s.): |. .are unoccupied

space: Inane, Is, re.: Lucr.: Cic Phr.: there is a b. in the letter, *est in epistola lacuna; desunt in epistola quaedam : his mind was a b., animus ejus omni cognitione vacuus erat. ||, A ticlcet which draws no prize: *sors cassa s. inanis. blanket: 1. lodix, icis, /.: Juv.:

Mart. 2. lodicula (a small b.): Suet. 3, strSgtila vestis : Cic : Hor. blaspheme: blasphenio, 1: Tert.:

V. TO REVILE.

blasphemer: blaspbemus: Tert. blasphemous: blasphemus .• Prud. blasphemously: mostly in phr. to

speak b. of: v. TO BLASPHEME. blasphemy: 1, biasphgmatlo:

Tert. 2, blasphgrala: Hier. blast (subs) : |, A gust of wind: 1, flamen, Inis, re..- a b. of wind,

venti f., Lucr.: Virg. 2. flabra, orum (poet.): 6.s qf winds, f. ventor-um, Lucr.: the bs of Boreas, f. Boreae, Prop.: v. GUST, GALE. ||. The sound of a wind instrument: 1, flamen: the b.s qf the flute, flamina tibiae, Hor. 2. (more usu.) flatus, us: to fill the theatre with its b. (of the tibia), complere sedilia fiatu, Hor. 3. in-flatus, iis (lit. a blouing into): at the first 6. of tlie flute-player, primo in. tibi-cinis, Cic. 4. bucclnum (of a trumpet) : Plin. |||, Any pernicious influence : afflatus, us (either of aoorX or of evil): they were scorched by the b. of the hot air, ambusti sunt afflatu vaporis, Liv.: the serpent's 6., serpentls af., Stat.: v. BLIGHT.

blast ("-)•' I. To cause to wither: v. TO BLIGHT. Phr.: b.'d with lightning, de coelo tactus, Liv.; e coelo ictus, Cic. ||, To ruin, cause to fail: v. TO O V E R T H R O W , FRUSTRATE, etc

Phr.: to b. ones hope, spem frustrari, Suet, (or perh. spem extinguere: v. TO EXTINGUISH): to 6. o design, consilium turbare, Tac,: tob. a person's reputation in a libellous poem, aliquem pro-broso carmine diffamare, Tac. blasting (subs.): Phr..- to remove

rocks by b., "rapes supposito pulvere nitrate disjicere. blaze (SubS) : V. FLAME, FIRE. blaze (v.): A. Intrans.: 1,

ardeo, arsi, arsum, 2: the woods and mountains b., silvae cum montibus a., Ov.: Cic. 2. ardesco, 3 (begin to 6.) .-the waves begin to 6. with the fires, ar-descunt ignibus undae, Ov.: v. FIRE, TO TAKE. 3. exardesco, 3.- v. FIRE, T O

TAKE. Fig.: the violence of Turnus bd forth, exarsit violentiaTurni, Virg.: o sedition bd forth, seditio exarsit, Tac. 4, flagro, 1: the fires were b.ing, flagrabant ignes, Ov.: b.ing merchant-ships, flagrantes onerariae, Cic. Fig.: Italy is b.ing with war, bello f. Italia, Cic. 5. conflagro, 1 (of many things burning togetlier): they perceived that the baggage was b.ing, impedimenta conflagrareintelligebant, Caes.: the fleet was b.ing, classis conflagrabat, Cic: v. TO BURN (intrans.). B. Trans.: to blaze abroad: vulgo, palam facio: v. TO PUBLISH.

blazon 0 0 : I. In heraldry: *in-signia gentilicia scite describere, or pro-priis oloribus depingere (Ains.). || To adorn, deck: q. v. \\\. To malce public: vendlto, 1: he very a-aftily b.'d abroad all the decrees, omnia decreta callidissime venditabat, Cic.: Liv.: v. TO CRY UP, RECOMMEND, PUBLISH. blazon, blazonry (subs): |, A

coat of arms: *insignia gentilicia in scuto descripta (Ains.). ||, Publication : vendltailo : everything is done without b. and without the presence cf the public, omnia sine v. et sine populo

teste fiunt, Cic.: v. NOTORIETY, BIS. PIAY. bleach: candldum facio or efflclo, 3;

Phr.: exposure to the sun bs, insolatio candorem facit (cf. Plin. 21,49). bleacher; qui vestes Candidas tacit-

V. TO RLEACH. bleaching (subs.) -. insgiatio: pun,

(who applies the word to the etposwt qf wax to the sun). bleaching-ground: "locus ubi a

insolatio. bleak (adj.): 1, algldus (frigi.

dus) atque ventosus: v. COLD, CRILLY; WINDY. 2. immitis, e: b. and desert places, Im. et deserta loca, Plin.: i. winds, im. venti, Tib. bleak (subs.): albumus: Auson, bleakness: Phr.: b. of sUwtion,

•loci situs frigidus atque ventis nimis expositus. blearedness: 1. lippltudo: Cic:

Cels. 2. oculortim fluxio .• Plin. blear-eyed: lippus: a b. woman,L

mulier, PL: Hor. Phr.: to be b., lipplo, 4: Cic.: heat is beneficial to the b., calor adjuva* lippientes, Cels. bleat 0 0 •' halo, I: the sheep are

not even b.ing, oves neb. quidem, PI.: the b.ing flock, pecus balans, Juv.: 0 flock qf b.ing creatures (i. e. sheep), ba-lantum grex, Virg. bleat, bleating (subs.t-. baBtas,

us: to keep up a b., balatum exercere, Virg.: Ov. bleed: A. Intrans.: Phr.: Iii

nose bs, sanguis ei ex naribus Unit, Cels.: the wound bs copiously, profusio sanguinis ex vulnere fit, Cels.: the nose will b. (violently), sanguis per nares erumpet, Cels.: he bled to death, *effuso per vulnera sanguine mortuus est. Fig.: these things make the heart b, hae res magnum et acerbum dolorem commovent, Cic.: my heart bs, animus mihi dolet, PL B. Trans.: sanguineus, mitto, misi, missum, 3 (witn dat. of person): it is nothing new toi. young persons by opening a vein, san-guinem incisa vena, junioribus mitti, novum non est, Cels.: if the woman is not strong, it is wrong to bleed her, si mulier parum valet, male sanguis mit-titur, Cels.: to b. from the arm, ex bra-chio sanguinem m., Cels. Fig.: to 0. a province (i. e. to exhaust it of-wealth), sanguinem provinciae m., Cic Phr.: the man is not strong enough to be b., homo detractionem sanguinis sustineie non potest, Cels.: v. BLOOD. bleeding (subs.) .• 1. A letting of

blood : 1, sanguinis detract'o, Cels, 2. sanguinis missio, Cels. H, 4

flowing cf blood: P h r.: a b. firm tk nose, sanguinis e naribus fluxio, Plic; narium profluvium, Plin.: to slop ab, sanguinem sistere, Plin.; sanguinem supprimere, Cels.: are excessive b., sanguinis profusio, Cels. bleeding (adj.): crudus: b.womds,

vulnera c, Ov.: PUn.: v. RAW, FBESK. blemish (subs) : |. Physical: 1. vltium: v. FLAW. 2. l5|>es'

is, /.: o victim free from 6., victims Iabe carens, Ov.: 5. of person, corporis L, Suet. 3, menda: there was nowhere a b. in her whole body, in toto nnsquam corpore m. fuit, Ov. 4, mendum: seldom is a face without a b., raro mendo fades caret, Ov.': Cic.: v. STAIN, DEFECT. ||. Moral: ma-

cilia: PL : there is a certain stain cm 6. of this age, viz. to envy excellence, est hujus seculi labes quaedam etra.,vir' tuti invidere, Cio.: v. STAIN, DISGRAOB, FAULT.

blemish 0O-- mSculo, 1; macii'is aspergo, 3: v. T O STAIN, DEFILE.

blend: Immisceo, commisceo: v. TO MINGLE. Phr.: two peoples b.'d in one, duo populi confusi in unum, Liv. bless: I. To pronounce a mess

ing on; to declare blessed: bgngclIco,xi, ctum, 3 (prop, with dot., but in later and Christian authors often wi,th occ.)-' to 6. God, Deum b, Tert.: Isaac wM preparing to b. his son Esau, Isaac Esau filium b. parabat, Sulp. Sev,

B L E S S E D

II. To prosper, make successful: 1, sgcundo, I: may the gods b. our

•enterprise, di nostra incepta secundent! Virg. 2, fortuno, I: the gods will b. your plans, di fortanabunt vostra <onsilia, PL: Cic. Phr.: God b. you I Di te ament 1 PL: 0 gods, b. my undertalcvng, Di coeptis aspirate meis, Ov.: God b. your endeavours, faveant super! conatibus tuis, Erasm. |||. To consecrate: bgngdico, 3 (usu. with occ) : God rested on the seventh day and b.'d it, Deus requievit die septimo eumque benedixit, Lact.: tob. are altar, altarium b., Snip. Sev.: v. T O CONSECRATE. |y,

To glorify, extol: q. v.: bgngdlco, 3: to b. Coil, Deum b, Apul.: Tert. V. To favour, endow liberally, esp. in p. part., blest: v. GIFTED, E N D O W E D .

Phr.: old age is usually 6. with prudence, influence, senectus augeri solet •consilio, auctoritate, Cic blessed: 1, bSatas: the b. enjoy

eternal life, beati aevo sempiterno fru-untur, Cic.: the islands qf the b., beate-Tum insulae, Cic.: a man of b. -memory, vir b. memoriae, Hier. 2. pins (of the dead only): the abode of the b., pionim sedes, Cic; arva piorum, Ov.: V. HAPPY, FORTUNATE.

blessedness: 1. bgatitas: Cic. 2. bgatltiido: Cic.: v. HAPPINESS.

blessing: I. A benediction: bg-ngdiciio: / aslced for his 6., benedictio-nem flagitabam, Sulp. Sev. H. What conduces to happiness: bonum: tlie chief b., summum b., Cic: the b.s of peace, bona pacis, Tac: v. A D V A N T A G E , BENEFIT. blight (subs.) : 1 roblgo, inis,/

<i. e. mildew, canker) : HOT. : Plin. 2. •flredo, Inis /.: Cic.: Plin. 3. lues, is,/, (a more general term than the preceding) : a lamentable b. came upon the trees arid crops, miseranda venit arbor-ibusque satisque lues, Virg, 4. sldgr-itlo: Plin. blight ("•) •' uro, ussi, nstum, 3: the

cold has b.'d tliem, ea frigus ussit, Plin. Phr.: tlie trees have been b.'d, uredo arboribus nocult, Cic blind (adj.): caecus : in most senses:

<1). Lit.: 6. puppies, catuli c, Cic.: as */ the b. would lead the b„ ut si c iter monsrrare velit, Hor. (ii). destitute of discernment: -not only is Fortune herself b., but she generally makes her favourites b. too, non solum ipsa For-tuna c est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit c quos complexa est, Cic.; 6. to these tricks of war, c. ad has belli artes, Liv. (iii). heedless, inconsidei-ate: b. fear, e. timor, Cic.: 6. chance, caeca flors, Hor. Phr.; born b., capciggnus, Lucr.: b. of one eye, codes, Itis: PI.: PUn ; luscus: Cic: Juv.: to become b., lumina amittere, Cic.: to become quite b„ aspectum omnino amittere, Cic blind (*>•): To deptice of sight: 1,

•caeco, 1 the sun bs, sol c, Lucr. Fig.; they b.'d the minds qf the unskilful by lavish expenditure, Iargitione caecarunt mentes imperitorum, Cic 2, ex-caeco, 1 (rarfQ: Cic. 3. occaeco, I: to b. the eyes, oculos oc, Cels.: Plin. Fig.: b.'d by folly, stultitia occaecatus, Cic. : Liv.: v. TO DAZZLE, DARKEN.

blind (subs.): A screen: 1. velum (of cloth): v. AWNING. 2. tran-scnna (a Venetian blind, or one made of moveable pieces qf wood, etc.) : Cic.

3, clathrl (cancelli) fenestraram (file transenna). blinded: luminibus (oculis, Virg.) captus, Liv.: b. of one eye, altera ocul'o captus, Liv. blindfold (v.): oculos alicui obli-gare, Sen. blindfold, blindfolded: Phr.: the man being 6. ran against me, homo obligatis oculis in me incurrit, Sen. blindly : tgmgre: v. INCONSIDERATELY, THOUGHTLESSLY. blindman'8-buff: *ludus in quo ali"uis oculis obligatis ceteros apprehen-dere -onatur. blindness: caedtas: b. is a great

B L O C K H E A D

affliction, oiiserum caecitas, Cic. Fig.: mental b., animi c, Cic. blink: connlvgo, nlvi or nixi, 2: to

6. with sleep, somno c, Tac: to 6. at thunder arid lightning, ad tonltrua et fulgura c, Suet.: v. T O WINK. bliss: beatltudo: v. HAPPINESS, FE

LICITY. blissful: beatos: v. H A P P Y , BLESSED.

blister (subs.) -. |, A watery tumour : V. PUSTULE, TUMOUR. II, A kind of plaster for raising blisters: vg-slcatorlum: M. L. blister 0 0 : A. T r a n s.: to raise

blisters on the skin: 1. pustiUo, 1 (not of the medical treatment): Coel. Aur.: b.'d silver, argentum pustalatum, Suet. 2. (to put on a blister): *vgsl-catgrium applicare: v. T O APPLY. B. Intrans.: 1, pustulo, 1: Tert.

2, pustulesco, 3 : Coel. Aur. blithe, blithesome: haaris and

hliarus: v. CHEERFUL, GAY.

blithely: hiiarg: v. CHEERFULLY, GAILY.

blitheness: hllaritas: v. CHEERFULNESS, GAIETY. bloat: v. T O SWELL.

bloated (adj): sufflatns: a b. body, s. corpus, Varr.: v. FAT, SWOLLEN. block (subs): I, A heavy piece of

wood: 1, stipes, Itis, m.: Caes.: Tib. 2. lignum : v. LOG. P h r.: a butcher's block, mensa lanionia. Suet. Claud. 15: a hat-b., *pilei forma: he was at last brought to the 6., tandem securi percussus est, Cic.: v. T O BEHEAD.

||. A large mass of any heavy substance : 1, massa: marble in the b., marmor in massa, Plin. 2. gleba: a b. 0/ marble, marmoris g., Plin. |||, The piece of wood in which a pulley moves: 1, rechamus: Vitr. 2. trochlea: Lucr.: Vitr. |V. A blockhead : q. v.: caudex, stipes: Ter. block up (»•): 1. obsepio, sepsi,

septum, 4: the roads were b.'d up, ob-septa sunt ittnera, Liv. Fig.: to 6. up the road to the curule offices, iter ad curnles magistrates ob., Liv.: Cic 2. obstruo, struxf, structum, 3: b.'d up windows, obstructae fenestrae, Varr.: to 6. up a road, iter ob., Cic: to b. vp the gates, portas ob., Caes. 3. prae-struo, 3: (to b. np ire front: less frequent): Ov. 4. opplgo, plevi, ple-tum, 2 (to fill or choke up): tlie snows had b.'d up everything, nives omnia oppleverant, Liv.: Cic.: v. also TO BLOCKADE. blockade (subs.): 1. obsldlo: to

take cities partly by storm, partly byb., partim vi, partim obsidione urbes capere, Cic : to maintain the b. of anyone, aliquem in obsidione habere, Caes.: to abandon a b., ob. omittere, Tac : to raise (i. e. relieve) a b., ob. solvere, Liv.: to undergo a b. for ten years, annis decern in obsidione teneri, Tac.

2. obsessio: to abandon a 6., ob-sessionem omittere, Caes.: Suet. (But obsessio is rather the act of blockading; obsidio the bloclcade itself). 3. obsl-dlum: PL: Tac: v. SIEGE.

blockade (v.): 1. obsldgb, sedi, sessum, 2: armed men bd all the approaches, omnes aditus armati obside-bant, Cic: to 6. a city, urbem ob., Liv.: Caes. 2. obsldo, 3 (obsido refers to the taking up of the position; obsideo to the holding of it): to b. a bridge, pontem ob., Sail.: to b. the gates, portas ob., Virg. 3. circumvallo, 1 (to surround with entrenchments) : Pompey was bd, circumvallatus est Pompeius, Cic. 4. claudo, clausi, clausum, 3: theyb, Capua with siege-works, Capuam operibus daudunt, Liv.: Virg.: v. TO BESIEGE. blockader: obsessor: in pi. obsld-entes: Liv.: Tac.: v. BESIEGER. blockhead: 1. caudex, Ids, ret. (prop, a trunk or block): Ter. 2. stipes, Itis, m.: v. Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 4. 3, trancus: hoio can there be wisdom in a b. of that kind? qui potest esse in ejusmodi trunco sapientia? Cic. See also ASS. G 2

B L O O D - S T A I N E D

blopd: I. The vital fluid: 1, sanguis, inis, m. (vital b.): the b. is diffused through the veins to every part qf the body, s. per venas in omne corpus diffunditar, Cic: to let b„ s. mittere, Cic.: to staunch the 6., s. supprimere, Cels.: meton. for life: he freely bestowed his b. for his country, largitas est patriae suum s., Cic.: he was thirsting for our b., sanguinem nostram sitie-bat, Cic Fig.: he had drawn these sums from the b. of tlie treasury, haec de s. detraxerat aerarii, Cic. (s. mittere, of' Heeding,' the treasury, Cic) •- to shed the first b. in a war, bellum sanguine imbuere, Virg.: the b. of the grape, s. uvarum, Cassiod.; Baccbaeus s., Stat.: v. JUICE. Prov:: to squeeze b.from a stone, aquam a pumice postn-lare, PI, 2. cruor (usu. b. shed; gore, q.v.): the freshest b. of an enemy, inimici recentissimus c, Cic: the leech full of b., plena cruoris hirudo, Hor. Ph r.: to stain a sword with b., gladium cruentare, Cic. 3. sanies, /. (i. e. sanious matter, gore : q. v.) : Cels.: Virg.: Tac. 4. caedes, is, / (prop. slaughter, carnage): rivers mingled with b., permixta flumma caede, Cat.: Liv.: Ov, ||, Kindred, lineage:

1. sanguis: connected by b., sanguine conjuncti, Cic.: whether he celebrates gods or kings, the b. of gods, sive deos regesve canit, deorum sanguinem, Hor. 2, natura: jiou are his father by b., I by training, natura ta illi pater, consiliis ego, Ter.: Cic. 3. genus: v. RACE, FAMILY. HI. Bloodshed:

<!• v- IV. Temper of mind, state of the passions: Phr.: all men's b. was up for revenge, omnium animi ad ulcis-cendum ardebant, Caes.: there was ill b. between this man and Curio, huie simnltas cum Curione intercedebat, Caes.: all the prisoners were Icilied in cold b., *captivi omnes nihil resis-tentes (?) et amoto pugnae studio necati s. trucidati sunt: or simply tru-cidati sunt. (Not 'consulto' or 'tran-quillo animo/ which some of the Dictionaries give.) V. n pf'r- 'flesh and b.,' i.e. human nature. Phr.: flesh and b. shall never drive me to fear, nunquam me caro ista ad metum compellet, Sen.: accursed flesh and b., scelerata pulpa, Pers.: flesh and b. care bear it no longer, *haec non sunt humanae patientiae. extra humanam patientiam sunt, blOOd (V) I V. TO BLEED.

blood-guiltiness: v. M U R D E R .

blood-hound: *canis qui fugitivos sanguine indagat or vestigat. bloodiness: v. CRUELTY.

bloodless: I, Destitute of blood: exsanguis, e: the b. bodies qf the dead, ex. corpora mortuorum, Cic, : the b. shades, ex. umbrae, Virg. Phr.: to be b., sanguine carere, Cic.: v. PALE. ||, Not attended with bloodshed: incruen-tus: o far from b. battle, haud momentum proelium, Liv.: o b. victory, in. victoria, Liv. blood-letting: sanguinis detractio

or missio: Cels.: v. TO BLEED. blood-red: 1. craentas: b.myr

tle-berries, c myrta, Virg. 2. san-gningus: b. manes of horses, s. jubae, Virg.: 6. juice, hue, s. succus, color, Plin. 3, sangulnglentus: a 6. colour, s. color, Ov. bloodshed: 1. caedes, is, /.: v.

SLAUGHTER. 2. cruor (meton.): hence comes b., hence slaughter, and nearer death, hinc c, hinc caedes, mors propior-que venit, Tib.: Hor.: v. SLAUGHTER. 3. sanguis, Inis, m,: that was tlie end of the b„ is finis sanguinis erat, Liv. Phr.: attended with b., cruentus, haud lncruentus: v. BLOOD-STAINED, BLOODLESS. blood-shot: Phr.: the eyes areb., cruore suffunduntur ocull, Plin.: b. eyes, sanguis oculis suffusus, Plin. (cf. Virg. A. 2, 210,' oculos Buffecti sanguine et igni.') blood-stained: 1. crtientas: 6. with the blood of citizens, c. sanguine civium, Cic: a b. carriage, c. vehicu-8j

B L O O D - S T O N E B L O W B L P N D E B

Ium, Liv.: 6. peace, c pax, Tac. 2. cruentatus: b. men, viri c, Ov.: v. BLO O D Y . 3. sangulnolentus: the b.

Allia, s. Allia, Ov.: 6. seditions, sedi-tiones s., Varr. (Jr.). blood-stone: haematites, ae, m,:

Cels.; Plin. blood-sucker: sangulsfiga, hirildo:

v. LEECH. blood-thirstily : criientg : Sen.:

Justin. blood-thirsty: 1. sangumarius:

cruel and b. by nature, saevus et s. natura, Suet.: Cic: v. S A N G U I N A R Y . 2. cruentus : 6. Mars, c Mars, Hor.: b. anger, c ira, Hor.: v. S A N G U I N A R Y .

3, sangulnglentus (prop, laden or stained with blood): b. Erinnys, s. Erinnys, Ov. 4. sanguineus (rare): Ov.: SU. blood-vessel: vena: Cic: Cels.:

V. VEIN, ARTERY. blood-wort: sangulnalis herba :

bloody, of blood: I- Stained with blood: 1, sanguingus: b. hands, s. manus, Ov.: b. rain, i. e. of blood, s. imber, Cic. 2. sangulnolentus: b. breasts, s. pectora.Ov.: Tib. ||, Bloodthirsty: q.v. HI, Attended with bloodshed-: 1. cruentus: that day most b. to tlie Roman name, ilie cruentissimus Romano nomini dies, Veil.: v. BLOODSTAINED, GORY. 2. sanguineus: fl

6. spear, s. hasta, Stat.: Ov. 3, sangulnglentus: a b. victory, s. palma, Auct. Her. bloody-minded: v. BLOODTHIRSTY.

bloom (subs.): |, Blossom: q.v. I). The kind of dew which covers

certain fruits: (?) flos, floris; rei. ,• quasi ros (quidam) subtills baccis quibusdam inhaerens. Phr.: to take the b. off anything, delibo, I: to take off the b. of a maiden's innocence even by a look, de virginitatis integritate d., Flor.: Cic.

HI, A period of health and vigour, flos: the b. of life, f. aetatis, Lucr.: a girl in her freshest b., viridissimo f. puella, Cat.: the young man died in his first b., in f. primo juvenis extinctus est, Plin. Pbr.: the rosy b. of youth, lumen juventae purpureum, Virg. bloom (v.): 1. floreo, 2 : this tree

bs thiice, haec arbor ter f., Cic.: Virg.: Hor. 2. floresco, 3 (to 6eaire to b.) : shrubs begin to b. at a fixed period, f. tempore certo arbusta, Lucr.: Cic. (For the fig. signification, v. T O FLOURISH.)

blooming: 1. florens, entis : the b. cytisus, f. cytisus, Virg.: thresholds b. with garlands, f. limina sertis, Virg.: b. fields, ,f. arva, Ov. 2. florldus: 6. meadows, f. prata, Lucr.: a b. little girl,f. puellula, Cat. 3. nitens, entis: b. crops, n. culta, Virg.: a 6. wife, uxor n., Cat. 4. nltidus: very b. plains, campi nitidissimi, Cic.: you will see me fat and 6., me pinguem et n. vises, Hor.: v. FLOURISHING.

bloomingly: florlde: Apul.: Lact. blossom (subs.) -. 1, flos, floris,

m.: to pluck fresh b.s, novos decerpere f., Lucr.: rose bs, flores rosae, Hor.: the thistle produces a purple b., carduus f. purpureum mittit, Plin. 2, flos-culns (oftener fig.: v. F L O W E R ) : Cic. Phr.: when the bean lias shed its bs it requires little water, cum faba de-floruit exiguas aquas desiderat, Plin. Fig.: you knew him when already shedding his bs (i. e. losing his mental energy), eum jam deflorescentem cog-novistl, Cic. blossom 0 0 : fl8rgo, 2: Cic.: Virg.:

Hor.: v. TO BLOOM, FLOURISH.

blot (v.): I, To spot or bedaub with ink, etc. Phr.: to b. paper, *chartam atramento aspergere. ||, To blot out: i. e. to obliterate. 1. delgo, levi, letam, 2: / have almost b.'d out the letter with my tears, epistolam Iacrimis prope delevi, Cic. Fig.: to 6. out the disgrace of flight by (subsequent) bravery, turpitudinem fugae vir-tute d., Caes. 2. exstinguo, xi, ctum, t: to b. out utterly what lie had pre-titrusly written, quae antea scripserat 84

plane ex., Cic.: to 6. out the name qf the Roman people, nomen P. 11. ex., Cic.: to 6. out the public record (of a deed), memoriam publicam ex., Cic.: v. TO ERASE, OBLITERATE.

blot (subs.): |. A blot or stain on paper, etc.: 1. labes, is, /.: ink when touched leaves a mark and b., tractate notam labemque remittunt atramenta, Hor.: v. STAIN. 2. Utora (prop, are erasure, q. v.): this b. will have been made by my tears, haec erit e Iacrimis facta litura meis, Prop.: Ov.: v. SPOT. Phr.; o page covered with b.s, *paglna atramento commaculata.

||, Fig.: macula, labes: v. STIGMA, DISGRACE, BLEMISH.

blotch : varus, Cels.: Plin. blotting books : llturarti, orum :

Auson. blotting p a p e r : blbula oharta:

Plin. b l o w (subs.): |. A stroke: 1,

plaga: to endure bs, plagas pati, Ter.; p. perferre, Cic.: the sound of b.s, crepitus plagaram, Cic: to inflict a- mortal blow, p. mortiferam infligere, Cic.

2, ictus, us: esp. of a blow which penetrates and wounds: v. S T R O K E .

3, coiaphus (fl b. with the fist) : PL: I will give you a b., colaphum tibi ducam, Quint. 4. al&pa (a flat-handedblow: so called from the noise produced): v. SLAP. Phr.: to aim a

6. at any one with a javelin, aliquem spiculo petere, Liv.: lie aims a b. at his breast with a sword, pectora gladio petit, Ov. ||. An act of hostility: plaga: a b.from a friend is more bearable than one from a debtor, levior est p. ab amlco quam a debitore, Cic. Phr.: the matter has come to bs and fighting, res venit ad manus et ad pugnam, Cic. HI, A sudden event or act involving loss or evil: 1. plaga: a b. was given to your candidateship, p. est injecta petitioni tuae, Cic.: to give a death-b. to the constitution, plagam mortiferam rei publicae imponere, Cic Phr.: to deal a heavier blow on the state, graviorem rei publicae infligere securim, Cic. 2. ictus, us: the b. of a new calamity, ic novae calamitatis, Cic.: v. S T R O K E . 3. vulnus: v.

WOUND. blow (v.): A. Intrans.: |,

to make a current of air: \, fio, i: the wind blew favourably for us from Epirus, belle nobis Davit ab Epiro ven-tus, Cic.: Caes. 2. perflo, 1 (b. through or over): the winds b. through the clouds, venti nubila p., Lucr.: the winds b. over the earth, venti terras p., Virg. 3. reflo, 1 (6. back or against): the Etesian winds b. greatly against us (L e. are directly contrary), Etesiae valde reliant, Cic. 4. splro, 1 (poet.: v. TO B R E A T H E ) : the east wind began to b. -more strongly, coepit sp. valentins Eurus, Ov.: Plin. 5, asplro, 1: towards night the breezes b., asp. aurae in noctem, Virg. 6. inspiro, 1 (6. upon or into): the breezes b. upon the boughs of the trees, in. ramis arborum aurae, Quint.: to b. into an orifice, foramen ins., Plin. ||, To sound (of instruments) : cano, cgclni, cantum, 3: the trumpets blew, cecinere tubae, Prop.: v. T O S O U N D . HI. To pant: anhelo, 1: v. T O P A N T . |V. To blossom: q. v.:

floreo. B. Trans.: \. To drive by a current of air: 1, fio, 1: dust blown by the wind, pulvis vento flatus, Auct. B. Afr. 2. afflo, 1 (to 6. upon): to b. a warm vapour upon the limbs, calidum membris af. vaporem, Lucr.: Plin. 3, efBo, 1 (b. out): whales b. out showers aloft, balaenae nimbos in sublime ef., Plin.: Ov. Phr.: others b. tlie bellows, alii follibus auras acclpiunt redduntque, Virg.: to b. a fire, iguem conflare, PI.; ignem suCRare, Plin.: by b.ing a spark of fire they made it burn up, scintillam ignis flando accenderunt, Liv.: to b. out a light, 'lumen flatu exstinguere: to 6. up foriificatixms, moenia pulvere nitrate destruere (cf. Virg. Aen. 4, 326): to 6. I

the nose, Emungo, munxi, munctum, 3-with pron. reflect, or as reflect, v.: Auct. Her.: Juv. N.B.—In many cases this verb when employed in connexion with such words as "wind," "storm" etc., m ay be translated by the Latin verbs for " to drive," " throw," etc: the wind has blown off the roof of IM farmhouse, detexit ventus villam, Pi.; the wind has blown all the tiles from the roof, ventus omnes de tecto deturbavit tegulas, PI.; the wind had blom me back to Italy, ventus m e retulerat in Italiam, Cic.: to be blown back by adverse winds, ventis reflantibus rejici, Cic.: the ships were blown back by a storm, naves tempestate rejectae sunt, Caes. ||. To sound a wind instrument : j. inflo, 1 (to 6. into): to b. into the light reeds, calamos leves in-flare, Virg.: Cic. 2, no, 1 (poet.): the flute is blown, tibia fiatur, Ov.: v. T O S O U N D , F L A Y U P O N . |||. To shape

glass: Phr.: glass is blown, flatu figuratur vitrum, PUn.

blower.' flator; Fest. blowing («"6s.): flatus, us: the t.

of a flute, f. tibiae, Hor. (or expr. by verb: v. T O B L O W ) . P h r.: a b. of the

nose, emunctio, Quint. blow-pipe: 1, pbfsgter,gris,m.:

Pelag. 2. "tubus lerrumentortus: M . L . I blubber (subs.): *adeps balaenanun

aliorumque animalium marinorum. blubber (v)--.v. T O W E E P . I bludgeon: fastis, is, m.: Cic.: Hor.:

v. CLUB.

blue (adj.): 1, caeriUgus, and (poet,) caeriilus (dark or sky-b); a 0. colour, c color, Caes.: Hie 6. sat, c. pontus, Cat.: the dark 6. Tiber, c Ti-bris, Virg.: a b. dress, c vestis, Jnv.: 6. eyes (of the Germans), c. oculi, Tac.

2, subcaeruleus (pak b): Cels, 3. cyangus (dark blue): Plin.; v.

VIOLET, PURPLE. blue (subs): 1, caeriUgus color:

Caes. 2. caeriileum (concrete: the artist's material) : Plin.: v. INDIGO. blue-bird: * motacilla slab's: Linn. blue-bottle (flower): cyamis: Plin. blue-eyed: caerttleus (comp. Bin*!):

b. Britons, c Brltanni, Mart: Hor. (More prosaically, caeruleos oculos na-bens; or with abl. of description, caeru-leis oculis.)

bluff (adj.): v. R O U G H , UNCOUTH;

STEEP. bluish: 1. livldus: 6. bunches

of grapes, 1. racemi, Hor.: Virg. 2. livens, entis (prop, black and blue: q. v.): 6. lead, L plumbum, Virg.: Ov. bluish-grey: 1. caeslus:b.-grey

eyes, c. oculi, Cic. 2. glaucus: b.-grey waves, g. undae, Lucr.: b.-grey eyes,g. oculi, Plin.: v. G R E Y . blunder 0 0 = \,Tomistakegrossly:

1, offendo, di, sum, 3: *» crniiuttr ing causes veiy many things are to be considered lest you 6. in any respect, pei-multa sunt in causis cireumspirienda ne quid offendas, Cic. 2. labor, liip-sus, 3: tob. over a word, in verbo 1;, Ov.: to b. and fail over a thing, in aliqua re 1. et cadere, Cic.: v. TO EER.

3. pecco, 1: V. BL U N B E R (sals,), fin. 4, erro, 1: v. T O EKR, MISTAK*!-

||. To blunder on, i. e. to hit vpon accidentally: Phr.: ire speaking «* often b. upon verses, versus in orations saepe per imprudentiam dicimus, Cic.: the old man has b.'d upon a correct description cf their doings, probe horum facta imprudens depinxit senex, Ter.: he bs now and then upon the truth, 'J* veritatem nonnnnquam temere incurffl (based on Cic). . blunder (subs): l.™fS

(chiefly in writing): what 6. did turn erasure correct? quod m. ista lit™ correxit? Cic: the bs of copym menda librarioram, Cic: the lies W March involve a great 6, Idus Maruae magnum m. continent, Cic P b " : fl history fuller qf bs, histor'a aie**-sior, Cic. 2. menda (less frequent):

BLTJNDEBBTJSS BOAST B O D Y

Suet.: GelL: v. BLEMISH. 3. pecca-tum: if any b.qfan orator is observed, it seems to be a b. arisingfrcm stupidity, oratoris p. si quod est animadversum, stultitiae p. videtur, Cic: v. ERROR.

4. sOloecismm (a b. in language) : Auct. ad Her. Phr.: to make bs:

1, pecco, i: Xenophon in fewer words commits nearly the same bs, Xenophon paucloribus verbis eadem fere peccat, Cic.: tliey commit a double b., dupllciter peccant, Quint. 2. labor, offendo, etc.: v. T O B L U N D E R : v. IAULT, MISTAKE.

blunderbuss: * sclopetam latins et brevius: v. G U N . blunderer: 1. homo Ineptus:

<5c: Hor. 2. qui peccat, errat, etc. blundering (adj.): mendosus: a

b. slave, servus m., Cic. blunderingly: Ineptg: to talk 6.,

in. dicere, Cic. blunt (adj.): |. Lit.: not sharp:

1 1. hgbes, gtl3: PL: 6. swords, h. • gladil, Ov. Phr.: is the sword 6. now ? ferram nunc hebet ? Liv.: to become b., hgbesco, hebStesco, 3: to 6e 6., • hebeo, 2.- the edge in razors becomes b., -acies in cultris tonsorum hebetescimt, Plin. 2. obtusus: a b. ploughsliare, ob. vomer, Virg.: a b. dagger, ob. pu-

! .gio, Tac. 3. rgtusus: a 6. sword, '• ferram r., Hor..- o 6. axe, r. securis, PL: 6. weapons, r. tela, Ov.: v. DUL L .

||, Abrupt, unceremonious: no : single word. Phr.: a b. remark, *(ali-'•• quid) Uberius et quasi rasticius s. hor-> ridtus dictum: there was a b. honesty about tlie man, *libera quadam et paene : agresti simpUcltate erat: we should be 1 frank not blunt, * decet Uberam non ' innrbanum esse: v. F R A N K , U N C E R E -i MONIOUS, RUDE.

' blunt (v): 1. hgbgto, 1: tob. . the spears, hastes h., Liv. Fig.: sad-ness and care are b.'d by wine, vino

, tristitia et cura hebetatar, Plin. 2. rgtundo, tadi, tiisum, 3: to 6. o sword,

i tferrum r, Cic.: the lime-tree bs an axe : very soon, citissime r. aselas tilia, Plin. : F i g.: to 6. the edge qf the mind, mu-i «ronem ingenii r., Quint. 3. obtundo, ; 3: Lucr. Fig.: to 6. the mind, men-, tem ob., Cic: to 6. grief, aegritudinem I ob., Cic. 4. praestringo, strinxi, strictam, 3: the edge qf the s word is b.'d, , ades ferri praestringitur, Plin. Fig.: to 6. the edge qf tlie mind, aciem animi J), Cic.

bluntly: Phr.: to speak bluntly, Uberius loqui, Cio. (v. F R A N K L Y ) : plane et aperte loqui, Cic: plane et Latine loqui, Cic.: v. PLAINLY, O P E N L Y .

bluntness: Phr.; |, Lit.: hg-bgtudo (rare): Macr. Phr.: the b. of the swords was a great hindrance to the soldiers, *magno mUitibus impedimento erat quod gladii retusl erant. ||, Fig.: unceremonious franlcness: P h r.: wlurl in some is b. (of speech) in others is called licence, quae in aliis libertas est, in aliis Ucentia vocatar, Quint.: v. FRANKNESS. blUr (subS.)-. V. SMEAR, BLOT.

blUT OO" TO SMEAR, BLOT. blush (v.): 1. grfibesco, biti, 3 (to

turn red, redden) : the modest 6. even to speak of modesty, erabescunt pudici etiam loqui de pudicitia, Cic.: to 6. for a man, viro er., Ov.: to b. for one's brothers, fratres er. Prop. 2. rubeb, 2 (to be red): believe me I b., rubeo, • mihi crede, Cic: Hor.: a b.ing face, os ;rubens, Tib. 3, suffundo, fudl, fu-• sum, 3; with some case of the subs. rubor: as, suffundere ore ruborem, 'Virg.: suffundi ora rubore, Ov.: so 1 deeply did he b., adeo illi ex alto suffu-; sus est rubor, Sen. Similarly, even the most excellent men will suddenly b., rubor gravissimls quoque virls subitns «ffunditur,.Sen. (Absol. to make a person b., suffundere aliquem, Hier.) JPhr.: nor did tliey b„ nee fuit lis nibori, Ov.: Tac (the latter has also the nom. " nee rubor Inter comites ad-spici," Ger. 13): to make any one b., ruborem alicui tacutere, Liv.: inferre,

imponere, Mart.: rubores alicui eUcere, Auct. Her. blush (subs): riibor: a b. follows

shame, pudorem r. consequitur, Cic: a modest b., verecundus r, Ov,: this appellation may put you to the b., nomen hoc vobis ruborem incutere potest, Liv. Phr.: are inquiry difficult at the first 6., dura prima froute quaestio, Quint.: v. TO BLUSH.

blushing {adj.): rilbens: v. RED, RUDDY.

blushingly: Phr.: he said b., quum erabuisset, inquit, Cic. bluster (fl): |. To malce a great

noise, to swagger: 1, dgclamo, 1: to b. against anyone, in aliquem d., Cic,

2. declamlto, 1: to b. about anything, de aliqua re d., Cic.: v. T O R A G E , F U M E , ||, To roar, be boisterous: q. v. bluster (subs.): 1. strgpltos, ns:

v. NOISE, DDX. 2. Jactatio: v. BOAST

ING. 3. declamatio: Cic Phr.: though you should bawl and make a great b., I too am a man, dames licet et mare coelo confundas, homo sum, Juv.: V. NOISE, TURBULENCE.

blusterer: s81aco, onis: Cic: v. BOASTER, SWAGGERER.

boa (a serpent).- bga: Plin. boar: 1, verres, is: Varr.: Hor.

Adj. vemnus: b.'s fat, adeps v., Plin. 2. sus, suis (with some qualifying

word, as mas, masculus): v. SWINE. 3. setlger, gri (poet.: lit. bristle-

bearing) : Ov.: Mart. 4, Bper, aprl (a wild b) : Cic. Ov. Adj. apragnus : as, the loin of a wild b., apragnus lum-bus, Plin.: v. PIG, H O G . board (subs.) -. |. o plank.- 1,

tabula: to put up a b. (stating that a house is to let), tabulam ponere, Cic.: Juv. 2. tabella (a small 6.): Ov.

3. axis, is, m.: Caes.: oak bs, querni axes, Plin.: v. P L A N K . ||, A table: q. v.: mensa. |||. Food, diet: q. v.: victus, iis: necessary b. and clothing, v. vestitusque necessarius, Cic : to furnish anyone with his daily b., alicui v. quo-tidianum praebere, Cic.: to pay a high price for 6. and lodging, * v, mansion-emque magno pretio emere. |V. A table on which games are played: 1, abacus (divided into squares like a draft-b): Suet. 2. tabula lusorla: Mart. 3. tabella: Ov. 4. alvgus or alveus lusorlus: Plin.: Val. Max.

5, alvgolus: Cic. V. A body of men, council, etc.: 1. consilium: a military b„ c. militare, Liv.: Cic.

2, collegium (a permanent b. of officials): to elect anyone member of a 5, aUquem in c. cooptare, Cic: Caes. Phr.: to go on b. a ship: v. T O E M B A R K : to leap over-b., ex navl se pro-Jicere, ex navi desilire, Caes.: to 6e a passenger on b. a ship, in navi vehi, Cic: to throw goods over-b., in mari jacturam (mercium) facere, Cic.: to act above 6, sincere agere, Cic board, (v.): A. Trans.:"- |,

To cover with boards: contBbulo, 1: to b. turrets, turres c, Caes.: to b. with oak planlcs, quernis axibus c, Plin. Phr.: a b.'d passage, transitus tabulates, Plin.

||, To enter (a ship) hostilely: in naves hostium (vi) transcendere, Caes.

III. To furnish with food: *victum alicui pacto pretio praebere. B. Intrans.: to live at another person's table: victlto, 1: v. T O LITE. Phr.: to 6. and lodge in a friend's house (without payment), *amici hospitio uti. boarder: expr. by verb: v. T O BOARD. boarding-school: Phr.: to keep a b., *pueros in suam domum educandos atque alendos redpere; puerorum edu-candornm atque alendorum curam sus-dpere: to send a son to a b., filium alicui alendum atque instituendum tradere. boast (v.): 1, glorlor, 1 (with abl., either with or without a prep.; also with ace. and inf.): to b. qf one's riches, de snis divitiis g., Cic. (also, in aliqua re g., Cic.): to b. of one's victory, sua victoria g., Caes.: he bs that he will

be a second Sulla, se alteram fore Sul. lam gloriatur, Caes.: with ace of neut. pron.: to b. of the same thing (or to malce the same b), idem g., Cic.: v. T O G L O R Y . 2. Jacte, 1 (usu. with pron. reflect.: of noisy vain-glorious boasting): to b. more insufferably, intoler-antius sej., Cic: he has long b.'d about Calidius, Jactat se jamdudum de Cali-dio, Cic.: to b. of one's lineage, genus jaotare, Hor. 3. ostento, 1: to b. of t one's prudence, prudentiam os., Cic: v. T O DISPLAY. 4. praedico, 1 (less strong than the foregoing): the Gauls b. that tliey are all descended from Pluto, GalU se omnes .ab Lite prognatos p., Caes.: to b. of one's services, de snis merit's p., Caes.: Cic Phr.: he bs of my friendship wherever he goes, ilie amicitiam meam latissima praedicatione circum-fert, Plin. ep.: similarly, gloria, praedicatione efferre, Cic: V.'TO E X T O L . boast (subs.): v. BOASTING. Phr.

to make ab.qf anything: v. T O B O A S T : a mere empty b., * mera (inanis) verborum Jactatio: v. BOASTING. boaster-: 1. jactator: Quint.:

Suet. 2. ostentater: Liv. 3. g'o-Iiosiishonio: Cic. boastful \ 1. glorlosus: b.phUo-boasting) sophy, g. philosophia,

Cic.: 6. letters, epistolae g., Plin. 2. jactans, antis: Hor.: Plin.

boasting (subs): 1, gloria: full of bs, gloriarum plenus, PI.: v. GLORY.

2, glorlaflo: Cic. 3, Jactantia: Tac.: Quint. 4. Jactatio: Cic. boastingly: 1. giorisse: P L 2.

Jactanter: Tac boat: 1. Unter, tris, /. (a kind of

barge or canoe): Caes. ? Cic.: Ov. 2. lintrlculus (o small b.): Cic. 3. cymba (esp. In poet.): Hor.: Ov.: Cic.

4, scapha (a light b.): they jumped overboard into the b., de navi desilue-runt in s., PL: the men-qf^wars' bs scaphae longarum navium, Caes.: a fishing-boat, s. piscatoria, Just. 5. navlcftla: Cic. boat-hook: * contus hamatus. boating: lintrium rgmigatio. boatman: 1. nauta (the most

gen. term): Hor. S. 1, j, 11. 2. Hn-trarlus: Uip. boatswain: (?) scaphae maglster. bobbin: v. REEL.

bode: v. T O PORTEND, PRESAGE.

bodice: mamillare, is, n.: Mart. bodiless: incorpgralis: v. INCORPO

REAL, UNSUBSTANTIAL.

bodily (adj.): i. e. pertaining to body; having the nature of body: 1, corpgreus: 6. nature, c natura, Lucr.: Cic.: 6. plagues, c pestes, Virg. 2. expr. by gen. of corpus: inclosed in b. structures, inclusi ta compagibus corporis, Cic: 6. wealcness, c imbecillilas, Cic 3, corpgralis, e (mostly in late writers) : b. defects, c vitia, Sen. bodily (adv.): corpgraUter: Vulg.

Col. 2, 9: Arnob. ,. bodkin: acus obtusa: v. N E E D L E . body: I. The frame of an animal:

corpus, gris, re.: a b. subject to death, mor-tale c, Cic.: the 6. should be exercised, c. exercendum est, Cic.: the arms were shipped from the (dead) bs of the enemy, arma detracta sunt corporibus hostium, Liv.: v. CORPSE. J|. Matter, any substance: corpus: 6. cannot be conceived of apart from space, c intel-ligi sine loco non potest, Cic: rough, smooth bs, c. aspera, levla, Cic.: indivisible bs, c individua, Cic. (v. A T O M ) : there are four kinds of bs, quattuor sunt genera corporum, Cic. |||, A person: v. N O B O D Y , SOMEBODT, etc. IV. Any collective mass, esp. of persons: 1, corpus: the whole b. of the state, totum c. reipublicae, Cic: a political b., c civitatis, Liv.: a head was wanting to the powerful b., c va-lido caput deerat, Liv.: the b. of the entire Roman law, c omnis Roman! Juris, Liv. 2. glObus (prop, a circular mass): the b. of men round Fa-bius blamed the dictator, drca Fabium g. lncrepabat dictatorem, Liv.: bs of

B O D Y - G U A R D B O L T B O N D E D

soldiers scattered the mob, militum globi turbam disjecere, Tac. 3. manus, its,/, (a band of men: nsu. as collected for active service): the new b. had joined tlie old forces, nova m. cum veteribus copils se conjunxerat, Caes. : Liv.: v. B A N D . 4. nfimgrus: fl large b. of cavalry, magnus n. equitatus, Caes.: v. N U M B E R . 5. multitudo (a numerous b): a numerous b. of cavalry, m . equitum, Caes.: Cic. 6. collegium (only of persons holding the same offices) : the b. qf praetors, prae-torum e, Cic.: the b. of tribunes, tri-bunoram c, Caes. V. By analogy with animals, the middle or bulkiest part: the b. of a carriage, capsus rhe-dae, Vitr.: of a ship: v. H U L L . body-guard: 1. stipatores cor

poris : Cic. (or simply stipatores: Cic). 2, satellites, u m : the king's b.,

regli s., Liv.: Caesar's b., s. Caesaris, Tac. 3. corporis custodes: Uip. 4, cghors praetorla (of a general) : Caes.: Cic 5, exercitus praetorianus (of the emperors): Suet.: also praetorian! milites, Plin.: v. P R A E T O R I A N . bog: palUS : V. FEN, MARSH. boggle: v- TO HESITATE, S H U F F L E . boggy : paiuster : V. FENNY, MARSHY. boil (v): A. Intrans.: |.

Lit.: whether of the liquid, or of the

vessel containing it: 1, ferveo, btti, 2, and sometimes 3 (fervgre : Lucr.) : b.ing water, aqua fervens, Cic 2, fervesco, 3 (to begin to b): the pots are beginning to b., seriae f., PL 3. ef-fervesco, fervi, 3 : waters 6. when fires are put under them, aquae ef. subditis ignibus, Cic. . ||, To be cooked in liquid: infervesco, bui, 3: when this has b.'d, hoc ubi inferbuit, Hor.: Plin. Phr.: to b. quickly (i. e. to become soon soft in b.ing), in coctura celeriter madescere, CoL: comp. inf. B. (9). Ml. To be agitated by heat, or ire a similar way:

1, fervgo, 2 : the sea b.s with the tide, f. aestu pelagus, Cic.: Virg. 2. aest&o, 1: the whirlpool bs, a. gurges, Virg.: the wave is b.ing, a. unda, Hor.

3. effervo (-esco), 3 (to 6. over) : we have seen billowy Aetna b. over into the fields, ef. in agros vidimus undantem Aetnain, Virg. 4. exaestuo, 1 (to 6. up): Etna bs up from its lowest depth, Aetna fundo ex. imo, Virg. |V. To be hot or fervid (fig.): 1. fervgo, 2: his soul was b.ing with swelling wrath, animus tumida fervebat ab ira, Ov.: Hor. 2. fervesco, 3 : the mind begins to b. with anger, animus ira f., Lucr.

3, effervesco, 3 : Cic. 4. aestiio, 1: his mind bs up with anger, mens ex. ira, Virg.: v. also TO B E O N FIRE. B, Trans.: 1. fervgfaclo, feci,

factum, 3 : tob. brine, muriam f., Cels..-PUn. 2. infervgfacIo,3: to 6. vinegar, acetum In., Col. 3. cgquo, coxi, coctum, 3 (gen. term for every kind of cooking) : to 6. food, cibum [aqua fer-venti] coquere, Lucr.: Liv.: Ov. 4. conegquo, 3 (6. together): Lucr.: Plin. 5. deegquo, 3 (6. down or thoroughly); to b. anything down to half the quantity, aliquid in dimidiam partem d., Hor.: Plin. 6. excSquo, 3 (6. out or away): b. it till you 6. away the half, usque coquito dum dimidiam excoquas, Cato. 7, inegquo, 3 (b. in or with) -. to b. roots in wine, radioes Baccho in., Virg.: to b. blood with herbs, cruorem herbis in., Hor.: to b. down juice with honey, succum cum melle in., Cels. 8. peregquo, 3 (6. thoroughly): to b. beef thoroughly, bubulas carnes p., Plin. 9, In pass., to be b.'d.- madeo, ui, 2 (strictly to be soaked; hence, to become tender with boiling): these things shall be b.'d directly; I will see to it, haec madebunt, faxo, PL boil (subs.) : 1, furnnciilus: Cels.: Plin. 2. vgmlca: Cic: Cels.: Juv. boiled (adj.): eltxus: the meat is better b.'d than roasted, caro elixa esse quam assa solet suavior (cf. PL Most. 5, 1,86): Hor.: Plin. boiler: I, A person who boils: 1, ooctor: Petr. 2. expr. by 86

verb: v. T O BOIL. ||, A large vessel for boiling in: 1. ahenum : v. CALD R O N . 2. caldarlum (prop, o vessel for hot water at baths): Vitr. 3, cortina (a circular three-footed vessel): PL: Plin.: v. TRIPOD.

boiling (subs.) : 1, coctura: Col.: PL 2. expr. by verb: v. T O BOIL (trans.). boisterous: I. Windy, stormy:

1, prgcellSsus (abounding in squalls): a b. spring, ver p., Liv.: a 6. wind, ventus p., Ov. 2. turbldus (unquiet, troubled): there was b. weather yesterday, t. tempestas heri fuit, PL: Caes.: the b. soutliswest wind, t. Auster, Hor.: b. rain, t. lmber, Virg.

3, turbiilentas (stronger than tur-bidus): PI.: 6. weather, t. tempestas, Cic. 4. inquletus; the b. Adriatic, inq. Hadrla, Hor. ||, Noisy, turbulent: turbldus: 6. manners, t. mores, PL: a b. and bawling disputant, t. et clamosus altercater, Quint.: v. TURBULENT.

boisterously: 1. turblde: Cic: Tac. 2. turbaiente: Cic.: v. TUR-BULENTLY.

bold: I. Possessing courage: 1, anlmosus: v. SPIRITED. 2. audax, acls (usu. of reckless, evil daring, whether of persons or of actions) : what second man is b.er than I? qui m e alter est audaclor homo ? PL: b.er for crime, ad facinus audacior, Cic: 6. to endure all things, a. omnia perpeti, Hor.: o 6. deed, a. facinus, Ter. 3. audens, entis (rare, and only of persons): Virg.: Tac 4, fgrox, ocis (i. e. high-spirited, martial, q. v.: only of persons): b. in war, f. bello, Hor.: 6. ire warfare, f. ad bellandum, Liv. ||, Of expression: novel, strilcing: audax: b. dithyrambs, a. dithyramb!, Hor.: b. hyperbole, a. hyperbole, Quint. |||, Prominent, projecting: q. v.: promlnens. bold-faced: Phr.: a b.-faced boy,

duri puer oris, Ov. (urbanae frontis, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, n ) : v. IMPUDENT.

boldly: 1. audacter: Caes.: Cic. 2. fgroclter (with spirit: comp.

BOLD, 4 ) : things b. done in war, f. facta ta bello, Liv.: Sail. 3, anl-mose: v. C O U B A G E O U S L Y ; v. also, R E C K

LESSLY, BRAVELY.

boldness: I, Courage: 1, au-dacia; usu. in bad sense: v. A U D A C I T Y , DARING. 2. audentia (a neutral word ace to Nonus, 5, 84, but rare) : nor was Drusus wanting in b., nee defuit a. Druso, Tac. 3. fldentia: v. CONFID E N C E . ||, Freedom (of speech): 1, libertas: v. F R E E D O M , F R A N K N E S S . 2,

audentia: Plin. ep. (used with ref. to the use of novel or extraordinary language). Phr.: with b., libere, aperte: v. O P E N L Y , F R A N K L Y . HI, Assurance,

imprudence: q. v.: impiidentia. |V. Prominence, projection: q. v. bole : V. TRUNK, STEM. bole (fine earth) : bolus or terra bo-

Iaris: M . L. vboll: i- e. o round seed-vessel: folll-CUluS: V. POD, FOLLICLE. boiled: i- e. swollen: q. v. bolster (subs): 1, cervical, alis,

re.: v. PIL L O W . 2. pulvlnus: v.

CUSHION. bolster u p 0 0 : •• TO PROP UP.

bolt (subs): |. A missile: q. v.: tglum, fulmen. ||, A bar of iron, etc., esp. for securing doors: 1, pessulus: 1 fasten the door with the b., pessulum ostio obdo, Ter. 2. Sbex, Icis, m. and/.: Virg.: Tac: v. BARRIER. 3, sgra: Varr.: Ov.: Juv. 4, rgpagttla] orum: PL: Cic. (NOTE.—All the above denote some kind of 6ar or bolt; the pessulus being, however, smaller than the others, and usually of iron. Obex and repagula are used also of other kinds of barriers; pessulus and sera only of door-fastenings) ||], In ship-building, etc.: clavus: iron bs, clavi ferrei, Caes.: v. NAIL, STUD. bolt O O : |. To fasten by a bolt, etc. 1, obsgro, 1: to b. a door, ostiu m ob., Ter.; fores, Suet. 2. occludo,

si, sum, 3: double b. IU doors if vm please, occlude, sis, fores ambobus pes. sulis, PL: v. T O BAE, LOCK. II r0 sift flour: v. T O SIFT. |||, J J , V down: q.v.: obsorbeo: Hor.

bolter, bolting-sieve: pollinaita cribram: PL: Plin. bolus: bolus, M. L. b o m b : *Fyr6bglus; Kr. (after Eel-

chard), and Georg. Or by clrcuml * glBbus ferreus pujvere nitrate ferroque' confertus. ' bombard: verbgro, 1: v. TO BATTEB bombardier: *pyrgb6iarius (or, as

gen. term, termentarius); v. ABTII,-LERYMAN.

bombardment: Phr.: during the b., * d u m urbs tormentis (nitratis) ver-beratur: the b. of the city lasted three days, * per tres (continuos) dies non de-sierunt hostes omni telorum (nitrato-rum) genere urbem oppugnare. bombasin: 1, bombydnum: Isid. •

v. SILK. 2. Coa vest's: a kind of exceedingly thin, transparent fabric: v. Diet. Ant. s. v. bomba-St: 1, ampullae, arum

(prop, denoting bottles with round swollen bellies: AIJKV0OI, Cic): he flays aside b„ projicit ampullas et sesqul-pedalia verba, Hor. Hence, to talk b., ampullor, 1: Hor. 2. tumor (rerbo-rnm) : Quint.: Gell.: v. IKFUTIOB. Phr.: to write 6., rumpere buccas, Pere. (N.B. — Magnlloquentia and magnifi-centia (verborum) are oftener found in good sense: v. GRANDEUR, HAGMLO-QUENCE.)

bombastic: 1. inflates: I. language, oratio quae target et inf. est, Auct. Her.: Quint.: v. INFLATED. %, tilmldus: what in one passage is grand in another is b., quod alibi magnilcum, t. alibi, Quint.: a more 6. discourse, tu-midior sermo, Liv. Phr.: to be b, tumgo, 2: Tac.: Mart. (v. also preceding art.). bond: I. That which binds: 1

vinculum (both for repressing and for uniting): bodies tightly bound withbA, corpora constricta vinculis, Cic: Virg. Fig.: toflyforthfromthebJoftliebady as from a prison, ex corporum vinculis tanquam e carcere evolare, Cic: the marriage b., v. jugale, Virg.: bs 0/relation-ship, v. propinqultatis, Cic 2, uo-dus: the bs of superstition, nodi reli-gionum, Lucr.: the b. of friendship,:!. amicitiae, Cic: v. KNOT, ENTAKGLB-

M E N T . 3. catena: the b. of the hm,

c legum, Cic: v. BAND. 4. ooP ft

(of that which unites): the unbroken b, (of mutual love), irrupta c, Hor.: the nuptial b., nuptial's c, Apul.: v. Tis, LEASH. ||, In pi., i.q. imprisonment

(q. v.): vincfila, orum: to be hurried away to bs and darlcness, in vurcla atque in tenebras abripi, Cic.: Liv.

HI, A legal document which Unit: 1. syngrapha: to lend money on a

6., pecuniam alicui per s. credere, Cic; to deliver judgment on a b., Jus ex s. dicere, Cic. 2. chIrggraphnm:Suet>: Gaius. 3. nomen: I wish to paym

full, so that the b. may be cancelled am I may owe nothing, volo persolvere ut expungatur n. ne quid debeam, PI.:'• DEBT.

bond (adj.): perh. only in pbr. boni or free, where bond=slave, q. v. bondage: 1. semtns, itis, .[•

(loss qf freedom: whether of an individual or of a community): ThemislMis freed Greece from 6., Themlstocles ser-vitute Graec'iam Uberavit, Cic: Caes.: v. S L A V E R Y . 2. servitlum (=sem-tas) : he was led by his creditor^ intob, ductus est ab creditore in s., Liv.: Ter. 3. famulatus, ns, m.: to bem* state of b., in f. esse, Cic Fig.: m'• of virtue to pleasure, virtntls f. serM>-tis voluptati, Cic. 4. captivftas: v. CAPTIVITY. bonded: Phr.: b. goods, *mo«« importatae pro quibus portoria nond'U*1 solute, sunt: or perh., servae meres' (Just as servae aedes denotes a bouse liable to some charge: v. COPYHOLD)-

B O N D - M A I D B O O T Y B O R E

bond-maid, bond-woman: Km-illa: Virg.: Cic: v. HAND-MAID, SLAVE.

bondman, bond-servant; 1. famulus, servus: V. SLAVE. 2. (strictly, of one assigned over to another in bondage): addictus: Cic: Quint: V. SLAVE.

bone (subs'): 1. 8s, ossls, «.: lie is nothing but skin and b., ossa atque pell's totast (=totus est), PL (comp. Virg. ' vix ossibns hacrcnt'): the bs placed beneath the flesh have wonderful joints, o. subjects, corpori mirabiles commissuras habent, Cic.: are infant's bs, infantia o, Ov.: broken bs, fracta c, Cels.: b.s are sometimes dislocated, moventur o. lnterdum sedibus suis, Cels.: to set bs, ossa reponere, coUocare, Cels.: t&remove a 6. (by a surgical operation) : o. legere, Sen. 2. osslcfilnm (a small b.): Plin. 3. spina (a fish b.): Quint. (For the particular bones of the human body, as back-bone-, spine-bone, etc, see the several words.) 4. Fig.: of the bones or body of the dead: cingres (also ta sing.): v. ASHES. bone, of bone (adj.): qssgus: the b.

handles of knives, manubria culteUorum o, Juv.: PUn. bone (v): i. e. to remove bones: ex-

osso, i: too. a conger-eel, congrum ex., Ter.: PL boneless: exos, ossis: Lucr. bone-setter: qui (quae) ossa re-

ponit, collocat: v. T O SET. bone-setting: ars osslum reponen-

dorum s. coUocaudorum. bonfire: (?) ignes festi: Stat. SiL

4, 8, 37 (Kr.): (S.'s full expression is ' festos annulare altaribus ignes'). bon-mot: dictum: Cic. Or. 2, 54,

222: to indulge in bs upon one's friends, ta suos d. dicere, Cic.: v. WITTICISM. bonnet: n o exact word: the cover

ing of a woman's head was by the Romans called mitra or calvatica (not calautica: v. ForcelL s. v. Germ, ed), and for a man to wear such an article of dress was infamous. But it was rather a turban than at all like a bonnet. bonny: pulcher: v. HAN D S O M E ,

PRETTY.

bony: oss8us: b. hands, 0. manus, Juv. booby: staltus: v. BLOCKHEAD, FOOL.

book: I. A literary work: 1, liber, bri, m.: to read bs, 1. legere, Cic: to publish a b., 1. edere, Cic: to write a b„ I. scribere, Cic.: the b. has been published, 1. exiit, Cic: a bound b., 1, con-glutinatas, Uip.: he (the elder Pliny) used to say that no b. was so bad as to be utterly useless, dicere solebat nullum esse 1. tam malum ut non aliqua parte prodesset, Plin. ep. 3, 5. 2. libellus (a small 6.): Cic: Ov. 3. volumen (a roll): to unroll=tum over (hence, to read), to open a b., v. explicare or evolvere, Cic.: Epicurus' divine 6. respecting rule and judgment, coeleste Epicuri v. de reguia et judicio, Cic. 4. codex, Ids, m. (the leaves of which were anangedlilce those qf modernbs): Piso has filled many bs, Piso muitos c im-plevit, Cic: Uip. 5. charta(strictly a leaf of papyrus): to grow pale with study ofbs, impallescere chartls, Pers.: the bs of Cicero, chartae Arpinae, Mart. Phr.: to get to the end of a b., ad umbillcos pervenlre, Mart, (the roUer being finished off with bosses): to explain anything without 6., aliquid ex memoria (memoriter) exponere, Cic: v. B Y HEART. ||, A division, or portion of a literary work: 1, liber: three bs respecting the nature of the gods are finished, tres 1. perfect! sunt de natura Deorum, Cic: I have lately read your fourth (book) de Finibus, legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus, Cic. 2. vglumen (inasmuch as each often occupied a separate roll): there are too fifteen bs of the Metamoiphoses, sunt qnoque mutatae ter quinque v. formae, Ov. |||. In pi. books of business: tabulae: v. ACCOUNT-BOOK, and foil. art. book 0 0 ' Phr.: to b. a debt, no

men in tabulas, in codicem, or ta libel-lum referre, Cic. book-binder: gliltmator: Cic book-binding: v. BINDING.

book-case: 1. armarium (also of other closets or presses): the sixth b. (of the Ulpian Ubrary), sextum a., Vo-pisc: Vitr. 2. fgruU, plutei: v. BOOKSHELF.

bookish: libris deditus; Ubroram studiosior; Iibrorum hell 110 (lit. a glutton of books, Cic): v. F O N D OF, DE

VOTED TO.

book-keeper: actuarius: Aur. Vict.: V. ACCOUNTANT.

book-keeping: ars rationaria: v. ACCOUNTS.

book-seller: 1. bibhopola: Plin. ep.: Mart. 2. librarius (esp. of one who transcribed books as well as sold them): Sen.: GeU. Phr.: thats your bookio pay the bs, hie meret aera liber Sosiis (with a Jocose allusion to the name of a particular firm), Hor. A. P. 345: to keep a b.'s shop, librariam exer-cere (Kr.): to be a great b„ nobilem librariam factitare, Erasm. (ap. Kr.). book-shelf: 1. phlteus : the bs

round the walls, plutei circa pariet.es, Uip.: Pers. 2. (In pi.): ftiruli, orum (a book-case): he put the Sibylline books in two sets of (?) gilded shelves, libros Sibyllinos condidit d'uobus f. auratis, Suet. Aug. 31: v. BOOK-CASE. book-worm: I. An insect tliat

eats books: 1, tinga: Cato: Hor. 2. blatta: Hor.: Mart. ||. A

person extremely fond of books: v. BOOKISH.

boom (subs.): |. A long pole or spar: longurlus: Varr.: Caes. ||, A chain to prevent entrance into a harbour, etc.: catena: Vitr. 5. 12.1. boom OO •' s8no: v. TO ECHO. boon: bgnum: v. GOOD, FAVOUR,

BLESSING.

boon-companion: 1. compran-sor (table-companion): Cic. 2. com-potor (fem. compotrix, PL), comblbo, 5nis (both of drinking companions) : Cic. 3. sgdalis: PL: Cic: v. COM

RADE.—(N.B. All the above words excepting the last are terms of reproach.) boor: (homo) agrestis, is (inpi. with

out subs): Cic: Virg.: v. PEASANT, CLOWN.

boorish: 1. agrestis, e: are un-learried and b. race of men, hominum genus indoctum et a., Cic 2. suba-grestis (somewhat b): Cic: v. C L O W N ISH, RUSTIC.

boorishly*, rustics-. Cic; Hor. boorishness: rustlcltas: Ov.: po

liteness, the opposite of which is b., ur-banitas, cui contraria est r., Quint. boot (v.): prosum: v. T O RENEFIT. bOOt, tO : V. BESIDES, IN ADDITION.

boot (subs): 1, calcgus (the gen. term for any kind of covering for the feet); Cic: Hor.: v. SHOE. 2, cg-

thurnus (a high boot, worn by hunters, tragedians, etc.) : Cic : Virg.: Hor.

3. pero, onis, m. (made of raw hide, and worn chiefly by rustics): Virg.: Liv. 4. c&Ifga (a heavy low b. worn by soldiers): Cic: Suet. booted: 1. calcgatus (strictly,

wearing shoes: q. v.): Cic. 2. cail-gatns (wearing the soldiers' heavy boot): Suet. booth: taberna: v. TENT. bootjack: *instriimentum ad cal-

ceamenta detrahenda. bootless: irritus: v. UNAVAILING, FRUITLESS. bootlessly: frustra: v. IN VAIN. boot-tree: forma cailgaris: Edict. Diocl. (or more generally, forma calcea-menti). booty: 1. praeda: to employ b. and its proceeds on the decorations of the city, praedas ac manubias in urbis ornamenta conferre, Cic: to grant the b. to the soldiers, praedam militibus do-nare, Caes.: v. PLUNDER. 2. manu-Mae, arum (the money obtained by the sale of b).- Hostilius with the proceeds of the b. inclosed the comitium, Hostilius

sepsit de m. comitium, Cic: Liv.: v. SPOILS. 3, praemlum (poet.): to carry stolen b. in one's dress, rapta p. veste ferre, Tib.: Ov. Phr.: to carry off b., praedari: v. T O PLUNDER.

booze: poto: v. T O GUZZLE. boracic: "boracicum: M.L. borax : *subboras sodae: M. L. border (subs): |, Edge: 1.

limbus (of dress): a cloak with an embroidered b., picto chlamys 1, Virg.: Ov.

2. margo, Inis, m. and/..- the b. of a fountain, m. fontis, Ov. 3. ora: the b. of a shield, 0. clipei, Virg.: v. EDGE, RIM. ||, A side bed in a garden : (?) area maceriae semltaeve adja-cens: v. BED. |||, Boundary: finis, is, m., rarely/..- to have a farm on tlie bs, finem sub utrumque [eorum] arare, Hor.: there -was neither river nor mountain to mark their bs, neque flumen neque mons erat qui f. eorum discer-neret, Sail.: v. B O U N D A R Y . Phr.: the bs (i. e. the districts situated near the boundaries), agri limitanei, Cod. Theod. border(v): A. Intrans.: |.

To b. on: 1. e. to adjoin, have a common boundary with: 1, tango, tgtlgi, tectum, 3: the farms b. on the Tiber, fundi Tiberim t., Cic.: Caes. 2. attingo, 3: the district b.'d on Cilicia, regio Ciliciam attingebat, Cic.: thelfervii b.'d upon their territories, eorum fines Nervii attingebant, Caes. 3, contingo, 3: they border upon the territories of the Arverni, fines Arverftorum contin-gunt, Caes.: Liv. 4. circumjacgo, 2 (with dat): the Chersonesus and the parts which b. on Europe, Chersonesus quaeque c Europae, Liv.: v. T O ADJOIN, B E ADJACENT. ||, To resemble closely: finitimum, confinem esse: the false bs so closely on the true, ita finitima falsa sunt veris, Cic.: the poet bs on the orator, poeta oratori finitimus est, Cic B. Trans.: praetexo, texui, textam, 3: bright purple often bs your dress, purpura saepe taos fulgens p. amictus, Om: the Mincius bs its banks -with reeds, p. arundine ripas Mincius, Virg.: bothnations areb.'d by the i?Airee,utrae-que nationes Eheno praetexuntur, Tac, Phr.: a gold edge b.'d the cloak, chlamy-dem limbus obibat aureus, Ov.: v. TO EDGE, TO BIND.

borderer: 1, finitimus: Caes.: Cic 2. accSla : PL : Liv. 3, (esp. in pi) qui attingunt, etc.: v. TO BORDER.

bordering (adj.) : 1, aff Inis, e: a nation b. upon the Moors, gens af. Mauris, Liv. 2. fmltrmus -. the Gauls b. upon the Belgae, Galli Belgis f., Caes.: the atmosphere b. on the sea, aer mari f., Cic. Fig.: a vice will be found b. upon each virtue, unicuique virtuti finitimum vitium reperietur, Cic. bore O O : I, To malce a circular

hole: 1. perfgro, 1 (simple verb foro, rare -. Col.: Macr.): to 6. a liole tlirough a ship, navem p., Cic: Col. Jj, ex-cavo, 1: the Gallic gimlet bs a hole (in a tree) without becoming heated, Gallica terebra ex., nee urit, Plin.: CoL 3, tgrgbro, I: to 6. vines, vites t, CoL: to 6. the eye with a sharp weapon, lumen telo acuto t., Virg. 4. extergbro, 1 (to b. out): the gold had been bd out, aurum exterebratum erat, Cic. 5, pertgrg-bro, 1 (to 6. through) : to b. through a pillar, columnam p., Cic: Vitr. ||, To weary by importunity, etc.: obtundo, tttdi, tusum, 3 : if I could sleep, I would not b. you with such long letters, ego si somnum capere possem, tam longis te epistolis non obtunderem, Cic Att. 8.1. Phr.: tob. any one as he is reading, by gossiping, aliquem legentem impellere quovis sermone molestum, Hor. S. 1, 3, 65.- b.d with hoarse-throated Codrus' Theseid, vexatus rauci Tbeselde Codri, Juv.: you b. me, odiosus mihi es, PI.: V. TO WORRY, HARASS. bore(sub8.): |, Thatwhtchbores: v. BORER, GIMLET. ||. A hole made by boring: ioramen: v. HOLE. Phr.: the b. of a gun, *cava pars (cavum ?) sclopetl. HI, One who wearies: 1, 87

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B O R E S B O T H BOTTOM

ineptus (the nearest word: cf. Clc's description of the ineptus, Or. 2,4, 17): lie is a b. and a bit of a brag, ineptus et jactantior hie paulo est, Hor. S. r, 3, 49. 2. lmportunus: v. DISAGREEABLE, U N A M I A B L E . 3. Sdigsus: cf.

TO B O R E (fin.). 4. mglestus: v. TR O U B L E S O M E : (and cf. Hor. S. 1, 3,6;). borer : tgrgbra (Instrument) : Col.:

Plin.: v. GIMLET. boring (subs): tgrgbratlo: Col. boring-worm: tgredo, inis, /.:

Plin.: Ov. born: 1. natus (v. BORN, T O B E ) :

young men b. of a most distinguished family, amplisslma familia n. adoles-centes, Caes.: b. of a tigress, de tJgrlde n., Ov.: nations b.for slavery, nationes n. servituti, Cic: are animal b. to endure toils, animal n. tolerare labores, Ov. 2. ggnltos: b. of a concubine, pellice g., Liv.: b. in ilie seventh month (of pregnancy), septlmo mense g., PUn.

, be: 1. nascor, natus, 3 : we are b. for wretchedness, in miseriam nascimur, Cic.: grandchildren, and those who shall be b. of them, nati natorum, et qui nascentur ab illis, Virg.: to be 6. feet foremost, in pedes procedere nas-centem, Plin. 2, rgnascor, 3 (to be b. again): nor let the mysteries of Pythagoras, b. again, deceive you, nee te Pythagorae fallant arcana renati, Hor.

3. 6nor, ortus, 4 : the soil upon which you were b. and begotten, solum in quo tu ortus et procreatus es, Cic: v. T O ARISE, SPRING. Phr.: it is na

tural to be b. head first, ritu naturae capite hominem gigni est, Plin.: when twins are b„ editis geminis, Plin.: to be bom defective, fully formed, truncos, integros gigni, Plin. boron : *bora or borium : M . L. borough: municlplum (prop, are in

corporated b., subject to Home, but governed by its own laws) : the foremost man of his b., sul m. primus, Cic.: v. MUNICIPAL T O W N . For the looser sense, v. TOWN. .

borrow: |. As the correlative of "lend": mutuor, 1 : to 6. sums of money, pecunias m., Caes.: we will b. qf Caelius, a Caelio mutuabtmur, Cic. Phr.: to endeavour to b. money, mu-tuum argentum quaerere, PL: to 6. money of any one, mutuas pecunias ab aliquo sumere, Cic.: to 6. money at interest, numos conducere, Hor.; pecuniam c, Juv.: to 6. money for the sake of paying a debt, versuram facere, Cic

||. To take from another for one's own use; to adopt: 1, mutuor, 1: to shine with light b.'d from him (the sun), rnutuata ab eo luce fulgere, Plin.: the orator bs his subtlety from the Academy, orator subtilitatem ab Academia m., Cic 2. peto, ivi, Itum, 3 : to 6. words from the Greeks, verba a Graecis p., Cic.: Tac.: v. T O DERIVE. Phr.:

6. shame, if you have none, si pudoris egeas, sumas mutuum, PL: v. T O DERIVE, T A K E , A D O P T . Ill, To assume,

imitate: q. v. borrowed: Lit, of money; and by

analogy, of other things : 1, mii-tiius: 6. money, m. argentum, PL ; m. pecunia, Cio. Phr.: money b. from bankers, aes circumforaneum, Cic. 2. mutuatus: v. T O B O R R O W (II. 1.) 3! alienus (I. e. belonging to another) : to shine in 6. plumes, alienis bonis gloriari, Phaedr.: to frame edicts with the help of b. talent, edicta al. fonnare ingenlo, Suet. borrower: qui mutuatur. borrowing (subs): \, mutua-tfo: Cic. 2. versura (a b.of money to pay a debt): Ter.: Cio. bosky; silvestris, e: a b. hill, s. collis, Caes.: ab.place, s. locus, Cic. bosom (swbs.): 1, sinus, us (the breast; also, the folds qf the dress about the breast): to put one's hand into a person's b., manum in s. alicui inserere, Ter.: give me the letter from his b., cedo mihi ex ipsius sinu literas, Cic : Antony opposed his b. to the drawn sword, opposult s. Antonlus 88 I

stricto ferro, Tac. Fig.: of are embrace ; affection: to receive a person to one's b. and embrace, suo s. complexu-que aliquem reclpere, Cic.: to weep in the bosom of a friend, in amicl s. deflere, Plin. So of the interior, midst, of any place: to be dragged from the b. ana lap of one's country, e s. greraioque patriae abstrahi, Cic.: ire the b. of profound peace, in intimo s. pacis, Plin.

2, grgmlum (strictly lap : q. v., but also sometimes used for bosom, esp. In its more fig. acceptations) : lie flings himself upon thy b., in g. tuum se rejicit, Lucr. (of Mars and Venus): (the land) which embraces in its b. my father's bones, quae patris gremio complectitur ossa, Virg.: the Po issues from the 6. of mount Vesulus, Padus gremio Vesuli montis profluit, Plin.: the earth receives the seed in its &., terra gremio semen excipit, Cic. 3. pectus, oris, n> (the breast: whereas sinus and gremium do not denote parts of the body, but of the dress as connected with posture): to beat the b„ ferire pectora, Ov.: v. BREAST. In fig. sense it is equiv. to the Eng. heart (q. v.): hence phr. fl bosom friend, pectus amicitiae, Mart. 9, 14. Phr.: he is one of my b. friends, est ex meis domesticis atque intimis familiaribus, Cic: your 6. friend, taus amicus et sodalis, PI.: tliey are b. friends, uterque utrique est cordi, Ter.: tliee my b. friend, be partem meae animae, Hor. (but the Latin is much stronger): v. BREAST, HEART, BOWELS.

bosom 00 •' chiefly ta p. part. ' bosomed ': P h r.: fl town b.'d in woods, "oppidum silvis undique cinctum. bosquet: silvula: Col. boss i 1. bulla: to remove the

golden bs from the folding doors, b. aureas ex valvis auferre, Cic.: the b. the ornament of boyhood, b. ornamentum pueritiae, Cic (v. Diet. Ant. s. v.). 2. umbo, onis, m. (the b.of a shield): Virg.

3. umbilicus (the end of a roller for books, maps, etc.): Cat.: Mart. botanic, botanical: 1. herba-

rius: b. (science), herbaria sc. ars, Plin.: a 6. subject, *res h., Linn. 2. bQtanlcus: b. gardens, *horti b., Linn.: b. friends, *amici b., Linn. botanist: 1. herbarius : Plin.

2. *bgtanicus: most distinguislied b.s, praestaDtlssimi botanici, Linn. "botanize: *herbariamexercere; her-

bas legere or colligere: v. B O T A N Y . botany : 1. herbaria (sc. ars) :

Plin. 2. *bgtanlca: Linn. botch (subs.): |, A swelling on

the slcin: v. BLOTCH. ||. A clumsy piece of .work, usu. of repairing: cen-tunculus male consarcinatus, ApuL; pannus male, imperite s. inconcinne assutas : cf. Hor. A. P. 16: v. P A T C H , MESS.

botch (».)•• I. To mend clumsily-. 1. sarclo, rgsarcio, 4: with some

qualifying word, as male, Imperite: v. TO P A T C H U P . 2. (maig) consarclno, 1: Apul. ||, To do anything clumsily: Phr.: this has been b.'d, est hoc imperite factum, Cic.: to 6. are affair, rem (negotium) male gerere, Cic.: to 6. words, verba (male) consarcinare, Sell.: the ship was b.'d, navis tascite facta est, Liv. botcher: i- e. a clumsy workman;

esp. of the tailor's craft: *sartor (sarcl-nator) imperitus: v. C L U M S Y , UNSKILFUL. both : 1. ambo, ambae, ambg (regarded as forming a unity): ue are b. very curious, sumus a. belle curiosi, Cic: 6. the consuls, consules a., Liv. 2. ggminus (of things that are naturally or usu. in pairs): b. eyes, ge-minae acies, Virg.: b.feet, g. pedes, Ov.: b. hands, g. manus, Mart. 3, duo, duae, duo (used like the preceding: but chiefly poet.): he raised an immense bowl with b. his hands, ingentem manibus tollit cratera d., Ov.: mutual regard and social love ruled them b., m u -tua cura duos et amor socialis habebat, Ov. 4, uterque, utraquc, utrumque

(regarded as separate, yet placed in tie same relation to a third object. Although tie Eng. word is plu. and lakes the plu. verb, the Latin word is gen, sing., except when it denotes two par-ties; but the verb is sometimes plu. with the sing, of uterque): b. comewiih. an army, uterque cum exercitu venit, Caes.: b.parents, uterque parens,Ov.; to argue on b. sides, in utramque partem dlsserere, Cic; they are b. mad, uterque insaniunt, PL: b.of themkad out their armies /rom. the camps, uterque eorum ex castris exercitum ducunt, CaeB.: 6. parlies made a end use of their victory, utrique victoriam crude-liter exercebant, Sail.: he stretched nut b. hands, palmas ntrasque tetendit, Virg, Phr.: ore 6. sides, ntrimque: as, the trumpets sound on 6. sides, tubae utrim-que canunt, PL: to mutilate a viper at b. ends, viperam n. praecidere, Plin.: Cic.: to 6. places, in b. directions, utro-que, Cic: Liv.: also in same sense utriibique; Cic: Hor. both (conj.): 1, 6oi"t . . , and

(i) gt . . . gt: b. the pupil and the teacher, et discipulus et magister, PL (ii) gt . . . qug : this has always been an honour b. to individuals and ta am. mwnities, id et singulis universisque 3emper honori fuit, Liv. (Hi) quum . . . turn: fortune has very great influence b. over affairs generally and especially in war, fortuna q.ln reliquls.rfo bus, turn praecipue in bello plnifiiuia potest, Caes.: Cic. (iv). turn . . . turn (N.B. Not turn . . . quum): b. elegant, and also full qf strength, turn elegans, tam fortissimum, Quint. (But In Cic probably always of what is done at successive times.) (v). qua . . . qua (only with ref. to place): ivy clotlies everything, b. the lower part of the villa and the spaces between- tkepu-lars, omnia convestit hedera qua basira villae, qua intercolumnla, Cic: Pun. (vi). slmfil . . . sfmul (Le. a( one owl the same time): they came to him to tk camp, b. to excuse themselves, and that they might obtain their request aboiit the truce, ad eum in castra venerunt, H sui purgandi causa, s. ut de induciis impet-rarent, Caes.: Liv. 2. both • • • and not: (i) et . . . ngque (nee): V. NOT ONLY . . . BUT ALSO, (ii) St

. . . gt non (where a single word is qualified by the negative): this will 6. be very agreeable to me, and not very much out of the way for you, id et nobis erit perjucundum et tibi non sane de-vium, Cic. See L. G. (J 568.

bother (v) •• v. T O TEAZE, AHNOY.

bots: ascarides, um,/: M.L. bottle (subs): |, A vessel for

holding liquids: 1, ampulla: 8 0. covered with leather, a. rubida, PI.: Cic..- are oiJ-6., am. olearia: a dealer if or maker of bs, ampuUariuS, PI, ", lagena (with handles==fti0o«, q. v.): the b.s were emptied, 1. exsiccatae isunt, Cic: Hor.: the neck of a &., cervix lagenae. A small b. of the kind; la-guncula: Pita.: Col. ||, A bundle or truss (of hay): feni fascis (?)-' V, BUNDLE.

bottle (v.): P h r.: to b. wine from the casks, vinum de doll's diffundera Col.: Hor.; *ta ampullas infundere. bottom (subs): |. The lama

part: 1, fundus: the b. of a chest, armarii f., Cic.: Nereus stirs up the sal from the b., Nereus ciet aequora fundc, Virg. 2. sglum (only where tie bottom is formed by the ground): tM b. of a trench, fossae s., Caes.: the b. of a pond, s. stagni, Ov. 3. im*J! (adj. usu. agr. with word corresp. to the Eng. word dependent on " bottom : see L. G. 342): at tlie b. of an oak, ad imam quercum, Phaedr.: at the 6. oj the ear, In aure ima, Plin.: a hill g'Or dually rising from the 6., locus edltus paulatim ab imo acclivis, Caes.: ft0"1 the b. to the top, ah imo ad summum, Hor.: tlie b. of the sea, ima (pi.) m a * Plin. 4. inflmus (used like iirnis): from the b.of an altar, ab infima ara,

B O T T O M B O V I N E B O W L

Cic: at the b.of a hill, sub inf. colle, Caes.: a hiU gently rising from tlie b., collis lenlter ab infimo accllvis, Caes. Phr.: the net went to the b., abiit rete pessum, PL: many cities have sunk to the b. of the sea, multae per mare pessum subsedere urbes, Lucr.: in certain cliannels the sea is so deep that no anchors can find 6., mare certis canali-bus Ita profundum ut nullae ancoras sidant, Plin.: to send to tlie 6.; v. T O srNK: to understand a thing to the 6., rem penitus lntelligere, Cic: v. THOROUGHLY, COMPLETELY. ||, LOW ground: vallis: v. VALLEY. |||, A ship: q.v. |V, Foundation; cause: <]. v. Phr.: he was at the b. of that plan, ejus consilii auctor fuit, Caes.: 70/10 will not believe that you have been at the b. of this ? hoc quis non credat ab te esse ortum? Ter. V. Dregs: q. v.: faex, eis. bottom 0 0 •' |. To found or rest

upon: q. v. ||, To furnish with a bottom: Phr.: to 6. fl chest: *arma-riumfundo'nstruere. |||, Toexamine io the bottom, i. e. thoroughly: rem penitus perspicere, cognoscere: v. T O STUDY.

bottomless: 1. prSfundus (not strictly without any bottom; but very deep, unfathomable): a b. and boundless sea, mare p. et lmmensum, Cic.: b. Chaos, p. Chaos, Val. Fl.: Virg. As subs., profundum, a 6. abyss, Virg.: Ov. More precisely, 2, fundo carens: a 6. river, amnis f. carens, Plin. Phr.: an absolutely b. ocean, *mare prorsus infinite altitudine : v. DEPTH. bottomry: P h r.: a contract of b.,

contractus trajecticius, Cod. Just.: money lent ore 6., pecunia trajecticia, Uip.: Papin.: pecunia nautica, Scaev. Dig.: interest payable on 6., fenus nauticum, Dig.: nautica usura, Dig. bough: 1. ramus: Cic: Virg.

2. Irons, dis, /. (a leafy b.): Cic.: Hor.: v. BRANCH.

bougie: *virga cgrga: M. L. boulder: saxum magnum ac teres. boulevard: v. SUBURB, STREET.

bounce («•) I. To spring: saiio, exsllio, 4. ||, Toboast: q.v. bouncing (adj.).- v. STOUT, STRONG. bound (subs) |. A physical limit:

v. BOUNDARY. ||, A moral limit: 1, finis, is, m. and /. (usu. m.) :

there are fixed bs (of right and wrong), sunt certl f., Hor.: Cic.: to live within the bs qf nature, intra naturae f, vivere, Hor. 2. mgdus: to set some bs and limits to a speech, m. aliquem et finem orationi facere, Cic: to put bs to mourning, modum lugendi facere, Cic.: Hor.: to overstep the bs (of propriety), finem et m. transire, Cic.: to keep within bs in our sport, ludendi modum re-tinere, Cic. 3. terminus: we must settle what are the limits in friendship, and as it were the bs of love, constitu-endi sunt qui sint in amicitia fines et quasi t. dlligendi, Cic.: v. LIMIT. Phr.: appetites which exceed due bs, appetitus qui longius evagantur; non satis a ratione retinentur, Cic |||, A leap, spring: q. v.: saltus, us. bound (v.): A. Trans.: 1.

contlngo, fii, tentum, 2: they are b.'d on every side by the nature of then-country, undique loci natura continentur, Caes.: the Helvetii are b.'d on one side by the river Rhine, H. una ex parte fiumine Bheno continentur, Caes. 2. f into, 4: the tongue is placed in the mouth, b.'d by the teeth, in ore site lin-gna est, finite dentibus, Cic: Ov. 3. definlo, 4: olive trees b. the farOiest part of the farm, fundi extremam partem oleae d., Cic. 4, termlno, 1 : the sea bs all lands, mare terras t. omnes, Lucr.: olive trees b.'d Hie place, locum oleae termlnabant, Cic: to 6. glory by the same limits as Vfe, iisdem finibus gloriam quibus vitam t., Cic 5, ambio, 4 (only of a boundary which winds round; as a river, etc.): ore the other sides Germany is b.'d by the Ocean cetera Oceanus ambit, Tac.: v.

T O ENCIRCLE. (To be b.'d in geog. sense may also he expr. by separari, as Ger-manla a Gallis . . , Rheno [fiumine] separator,Tac). B. Intrans.: saiio, eXSlIlO, 4: V. TO LEAP, SPRING.

bound (adj).: Phr.: tlie ship isb. for Greece, *navis in Graeciam tendit: we are b. for L-atium, tendimus In La-tlum, Virg.: the ships were wind-b., naves vento tenebantor, Caes.: we were ice-b., 'glade retenti sumus. boundary: 1. finis, is, rei. (also

sometimes / . ) : the b. of an empire, f. Imperii, Sail.: the b. of a province, f. provinciae, Liv.: our neighbours are at variance about their b.s, vlcini nostri ambigunt de finibus, Ter.: to extend one's bs, fines proferre, Cic.: v. TERRITORIES. 2. limes, Itis, m. (esp. a fortified b. or b.-wall): to divide a plain by a b„ partlri limite campum, Virg.: to advance the b., 1. agere, Tac: Veil. 3. terminus: a dispute about bs, contentio de terminis, Cic.: the bs cf estates, pos-sessionum termini, Cic. 4. conf Inium: (amutual b.): Caes.: Tac. Phr.: the extreme 6. of the world, extrema ora el determinatio mundi, Cic.: a fixing qf' bs, termlnatlo, Inscr.: a marker of bs, mgtator, Cic.: Hie god of b.s, Terminus; his festival, Terminalia; v. Diet. Ant. s. v. boundary (adj): 1, terminal's,

e: 6. stones, t. lapides, A m m . 2. lbnltangus (see B O U N D A R Y , 2): 5. lands, agri L, Cod. Theod.: b. troops, miUtes L, Cod. Theod. bounden: debltus: a b. duty, d.

officium, Cic. Phr.: it is our 6. duty, omnlno oportet nos, debemus: v. IT BEHOVES.

boundless: 1. inflnltus: a b. empire, In. imperium, Cic 2. prSfundus (v. BOTTOMLESS) .- 6. (L e. insatiable) lusts, p. libidines, Cic: 6. avarice, p. avaritia, SaU.: v. INFINITE. boundlessness: v. INFINITY. bounteous: v. BOUNTIFUL. bounteously: V. BOUNTIFULLY, LI

BERALLY. bountiful: . 1. bgnignus: those

who wish to be more 6. than their means allow, are wrong, qui benigniores esse volunt quam res patitur, peccant, Cic.: v. GENEROUS. 2. largus : Cic: 6. ire disposition, largus animo, Tac.: v. PLENTIFUL, LIBERAL. 3, plenus (poet.): 6. horn, p. cornu, Hor. bountifully: 1. bgnigne: to sup

ply money b., b. pecuniam praebere, PI.: Cic. 2, largB; to give b., large dare, Cic: Hor. v. GENEROUSLY, LIBERALLY.

bonntifulness: bgnignltas: Hie b. of nature, b. naturae, Cic « bounty: I. Liberality: 1. lar-

gltas: Ter.: the earth pours forth its produce with the greatest 6., terra fruges cum maxima 1. fundit, Cic: v. LIBERALITY. 2. bgnignltas, Ilbgralltas: v. GENEROSITY. ||, A premium, reward: 1, praemlum: to prevail upon any one by bs and promises, alicui p. goUicitatlonibusque persuadere, Caes.: Ie. 2. auctoramentam: o b. for

retired gladiators (to induce them to appear again ta the arena), rndiariis a., Suet. bouquet: I. A bunch qf flowers:

V.SOSEGAY. ||, The perfume of wine: 1, flos, floris, m..- the b. of wine,

flos Liberi, Pacuv.: the b. of old wine, flos veteris vini, PL 2. Sdor, oris: PI.: Phaedr. bourgeon: floreo: v. T O BUD, SPROUT. bourn: v. BOUND, LIMIT. bout: 1, certamen, Inis, re.: o drinleing-b., villi c, Tib. 3, 6, 11: they have a b. at quoits, inennt certamina disci, Ov. M. 10, 177. (Similarly with verb, it is no pleasure [to me] to join in drinkimg-bs, nee Juvat certare mero, Hor.) 2. comissatio (a drinking-bout; a revel, q. v.): to spend one's leisure in banquets and drinking-b.s, conviviis c que otium terere, Liv.: Cic. v. REVELLING. bovine: 1. bubfilus: Varr.: Col. 2, bovinus: Theod. PriBc.

b o w (v.): A. Trans.: |, To bend: flecto, incllno: to incline, q. v

||, To lower by bending, esp. in token of respect: 1, demltto, misi, missum, 3: to 6. one's head (in order to pass under an archway), caput d., Cic: of drooping flowers, Ov. (comp. the phr. fasces demittere, to lower the fasces in token of submission, Cic). 2. sub-mitto, 3 : b.ing their heads they entered Hie low gateway, summisso humiles in-trarunt vertice postes, Ov.: to 6. as do girls, curtsey, *genua flexa s. (Georg.).

3, incllno, 1: v. T O BEND. |||, To depress, subdue (q.v.): submltto, 3: to b. one's spirits to misfortunes, ad calamltates animos s., Liv.: to 6. minds to love, animos amori s., Virg.: v. T O SUBJECT. B, Intrans.: To lower the head or incline the person: esp. ta token of respect or submission: Phr.: I b. to your potent wisdom (lit. yield the hands to be bound, in token of defeat), efficaci do manus sapientiae, Hor.: Caes.: to talce off one's hat and 6. to arey one, caput revelare et salutare acellnem, Arnob. 7, p. 221: (but this does not appear to have been a usual mode of respectful salutation, not being mentioned by Cic where we might have expected to find it, de Sen. 18,63: q.v.): to 6. to any one, aliquem summisso capit* salutare: v. snp. II. (1, 2). b o w (verb, subs.): Phr.; to enter a

house with a 6., domum summisso capite (honoris causa)tatrare: to make ab. to any one: v. T O B O W (fin.). But generally salutatio may be used as the Latin correlative to the Eng. word: v. SALUTATION.

b o w (subs): |, An instrument for discharging arrows : 1, arcus, us: to bend a b. against any one, a. in aU-quem intendere, Cic.; tendere, Hor.; dirigere, Pers.; Iunare, Ov.: a bent b„ a. adductus, Virg.: an unbent b„ a. remissus, Hor. Phr.: a manufactory ofbs, fabrica arcuaria, Veg.: fl b.-maker, arcuarius. Dig. 2, cornu, re. (poet.: lit. a horn): to discharge arrows from a Parthian b., Partho torquere c spi-cula, Virg.; Ov. Prov..- to liave two strings to your b., dupUci spe utier, i.e. uti, Ter. Phor. 4, 2,13. If. Anything shaped like a bow, or curved: arcus: a harbour curved toab., portus curvatus in arcum, Virg.: Ov.: v. ARCH. \\\- A musician's b.: (not plectrum, which was a small quill or stick used for striking the strings of a lyre); arcus, with some such word as fidlum or *violinarius understood ; V. FIDDLE-STICK. |V . A tie qf ribbon, etc.: *fasciolae plexus s. nexus: (or perhaps nodus, cf. Virg. Eel. 8, 77)-bow-bearing: arcltgnens, entis, Ov. bowed". 1. curvus: 6. limbs, c.

membra, Ov.: 6. old, age, c senecta, Ov. 2. lncurvus: Ter.: a b. statue, in.

statuo, Cic bow-legged: 1. valgus: PL: Cels. 2. vatius: Van'.

b o w m a n : Sagittarius: Caes.: Cic. bowels: I. The intestines of an

animal: 1, alvus, l,f.; a purging qf the b., purgatio alvl, Cic.: to relieve the b., a. exonerare, Plin.: to confine the b„ a. astringere, cobibere, comprirnere, etc., Cels. 2. pantlces, um, m. (comicg)' PI.: Mart. 3, venter, tris, m. (prop. the stomach): CoL: PUn. 4, viscgra, um (includmg all the interior parts): Cels.: Ov.: v. INTESTINES. ||, The intei-ior of anything: viscgra, um: the b. of the earth, v. terrae, Ov.: the b. qf Mount Etna, v. Montis Aetnae, Virg.: ire tlie veins and 6. qf the republic, ta veni s atque in v. reipublicae, Cic. 11.|, Fig.: of emotion: v. PITY, COMPASSION, HEART. bower: 1, trlchlla; a cool b. with shady reeds, t. umbriferis frigida aran-dlnibus, Virg. Cop.: CoL 2. umbra-culum : tlie pliant vines twine into b.s, lentae texunt umbracula vites, Virg.: Varr.: Cic. 3. umbra: a secret b., secreta u., Prop. bowl (subs.): 1. crater, gris, m

B O W L B R A K E B R A N D

(a large b. for mixing): Virg.: Ov. 2. cratgra ( = crater): Cic: Hor. 3, p&tgra (a flat, open b., used esp.

In sacrifices): Cic: Hor.: v. OUP, G O B L E T .

Phr.: the b. of a spoon, cava pars coch-learis. b o w l ("•) •* {-e-1° roM a bal! or roun(1

body forcibly along: v. T O ROLL, H U R L , Phr.: to b. well, *scite globulum Inten-dere (?) bowler: expr. by verb: v. T O B O W L . bow-line: (0 funis veU orae an-

nexus. bowling-green: locus planus et

herbidus ad globulls ludendum aptus. bowls: "globuli lusorli. b o w s (of a ship): prgra: v. PROW. bowsprit: *malus proralis: (Kr.

and Georg.). bowstring: nervns: a supply of

bs (including strings for catapults, etc.), copla nervorum, Veg. box (subs): |, A chest, etc.: 1,

area (intended for keeping things out of the reach of others : arceo) : a large 6. full of poisons, a. ingens venenorum plena, Suet.: fl small 6. or chest, arcula: Cic 2, capsa (esp. for books): Hor.: fl small b. of the land, capsula: Cat.: Plin. 3. cista (for clothes, money, etc.): Cic: Hor.: cistfila, cistella, cis-tellula (denoting smaB bs of the kind).

4. scrlnium (for papers, etc; a writing-desk): Hor. 5. alabaster, tri, m. (forperfumes: v. A L A B A S T E R ) : Cic:

(also alabastrum, or-tra: Mart.). 6, pyxis, Idis, /. (a small b. for medicines, etc.): a small b. of poison, p. veneni, Cic: a gold b., aureap.,Suet. ||, Are enclosed seat in the theatre: *sedes ta podio theatri clausa, secrete. 111. Tlie front seat cn a coacA, *sedes anterior currus (?). box, a shrub: buxus, 1, /..- the b.

thick with leaves, b. densa foliis, Ov. Phr.: fl plantation of 6., buxetom, Mart.: a mould made of b., buxea forma, CoL: b.-wood polished by the lathe, torno rasile buxum, Virg. box, a blow with the hand: 1,

aiipa: to give any one a smart b. on the ear, alicui gravera ducere a., Phaedr.: Juv. 2. cgiaphus (with the fist): v. B L O W . Alapa, is a blow with the flat hand (' a slap'), hence less severe than colaphus. box (v.) : |, To give a b. on the

ear, etc.: v. B O X (subs). ||. To fight with the fists: 1, pugnis certare: Cic. 2. pugllor, i: Apul. boxer: pugil, is: Ter.: Cic: Hor. boxing, boxing-match: I. pu-

gflatio: (3c. 2, pfigUatus, us: PL: Plin. (Pugna may also be applied to a boxing-match, cf. Virg. A. 5, 365.) Ph-r.: famed (Pollux) for prowess in b., superare pugnis nobilis, Hor. boxing-glove: caestus, us: Cic:

Virg. boy: 1. piigr, gri (fl male child;

a lad; also fl slave): provide a nurse for the b., puero nutricem para, Ter.: the b. Ascanius, p. Aseanius, Virg.: the dinner is served by three b.s (slaves), coe-na ministratur p. tribus, Hor. Dimin., pugrulus, a little b.: Cic 2, puslo, onis, m. (a little fellow: sometimes with an imputation of unchastity: cf. Juv. 6, 34): Cic. 3. pupus: v. BAB Y ,

INFANT. Dimin., pupulus, a little boy: Cat Phr.: a bit if a 6., frustum pueri, PI.: to become a boy again, rgpugrascgre, Cic. boyhood: 1. pugr'itla (v. CHILD. H O O D ) : to keep the tenor of one's life from b., vitae cursum a p. tenere, Cic: SaU. 2. aetas pugrilis: Cio. Phr.: we were devoted to these pursuits from 6., his artibus a pueris dediti sumus, Cic: / have known the man from b., hominem a puero cognovi, Cic. boyish: pugrilis, e: that was done with manly spirit, b. judgment, acta ilia res est animo virili, consilio p., Cic.: 6. wishes, p. vote, Ov.: v. CHILDISH. boyishly: pugrlllter: PL: Cic brace (subs): |. A suppont (ta architecture); 1, fibula: the beams 90

were kept apart by a pair of bs on each side, trabes blnls utrimqae /. distineban-tur, Caes. 2. catgna: Cato: Vitr.

||. A fastening, bandage: q. v. Ill, A strap to support anything:

fascia: trouser b.s, *fasciae braccarum : a bed-b., t. lecti cubicularis, Cic: v. STRAP, GIRTH. |V. Naut. t. t.: ap

plied to the ropes by which the sailyard was turned: SpIfSrae (irrepai): Isid. (v. Diet. Ant. p. 791 6). V. A pair (of birds that are game): Phr.: a 6. qf partridges, blna capita perdicum: six b. of pheasants, duodena capita phasianina. brace ("•)•' I. To tighten, stretch:

q.'V.: llgo, alllgo. ||, To strengthen: 1, firmo, 1: they •wished the bodies

of young men to be b.d by labour, corpora Juvenum firmari labore voluerunt, Cic: to 6. the nerves, nervos f., Caes.

2. astringo, nxi, ctum, 3-'to b. the relaxed body, rettrissuni corpus as., Mart.: Plin. bracelet! 1. armilla: PI.: Liv,

(Hence, wearing a b., armiUatus, Suet.) 2, brachiale, is, re..- Plin. 3.

spinther, gris, re.: PI. bracket (subs)-. |. A support-.

miitulus: Varr.: Vitr. ||. In pi.: marks used to separate words, etc., in writing: unci: to inclose words in b.s, *verba uncis s. uncinis includere. bracket 0 0 •• •• B R A C K E T , subst. (IL). brackish: 1. subsalsus: 6. water,

s. aqua, Cels. 2. Smarus (ace to the etymologists having ref. originally to the teste of salt-water): Virg.: Ov.: v. SALT, BRINY.

brackishness: salsltndo, or salsugo: Vitr.: Plin. brad (fl lcind of nail): clavUIus: Cat. brad - a w l : tgrebra : v. BORER,

GIMLET.

brag: glorlor: v. T O BOAST. braggadocio:\ 1. saiaco, onis: braggart: J Cic 2. Jactator:

Quint.: Suet.: v. BOASTER. Phr.: toplay the b., militem gloriosum imitari, Cic (with allusion to the play of Plautus). bragging (adj.) : gloriosus: v.

BOASTING.

bragging (subs.): ostentatio sui, jac-tantia sui: v. BOASTING, BOAST.

brahmins: Brachmannae, arum, and Brachmanes, u m (prob. only found In pi.): Strab.: Tert. (cf. Plin. 6, 7, 21, fin). Curt, speaks of the B.s simply as Sapientes (8,9). The sing, may be expr. by Brachmannicus vir: or by unus ex Brachmannis. brahminical: *brachmannicus. braid (v.) : |. To plait, weave:

q. v.: necte, plecto. ||. To border or adorn iMlh braid: Umbo (?) praetexere, ornare: v. T O B O R D E R . Phr.: a cloak b.'d with a border of gold (lace), chlamys quam limbus obibat aureus, Ov. braid (subs.): 1, limbus (an orna

mental border or braid): v. T O B R A I D (IL). 2. gradus, us (of hair, arranged like stops): Quint.: Suet. 3. splra (of hair) : Plin.: Val. Flac: v. PLAIT. brain (subs): |. The organ of

the mind: I, cgrgbrum : some have said that in the 6. is the seat of the soul, nonnulli in c dixerunt animi esse sedem, Cic.: Cels. 2. cgrebelluih (small b.: esp. of inferior animals): Cels. [In modem anatomy the term cerebrum denotes the brain proper, and cerebellum that portion of the nervous mass which occupies the inferior occipital fossae; but the words are not so distinguished in classical writers; and the English word brain designates the whole of the nervous matter situated in the head.] ||, Meton. for sense: cor, cordis, re. (heart) ': to have no b.s, c non habere, Cic: v.

brain 00.' alicui cerebrum (Iapide, clava, etc.) excutere, alicui caput elidere, PI.: (also simply aUquem elidere, Curt. *>'$• • 4

brainless: socors.stolidns: v. SENSELESS, STUPID. brake: I, A kind of fern: «ptgris

aquIUna : Linn.: v. F E R N . ||, A thicket: dumgtum.

brake : I. A machine, for pre. paring hemp (or flax), *instruntentum ad cannabim decorticandam (cf. Plin. 19. 56)- II. - sliarp bit: 'frenum lupatum: v. BIT. bramble: 1, diimus (of any kind

of rough bush): rough bs, horrentes d. Virg.: Cic.; v. BUSH. 2, rttbusffts common b., or blackberry bush): rough b.s, horrentes r., Virg.; prickly Is hamati r„ Tib.; hirsutl r., Prop. Hence, a b.-thicket, rubgtum: Ov. (Llnnaean name of the common 6. is rubus frutl-cosus.) 3. sentis, is, m.: Caes.: Virg,; v. T H O R N . 4, vepris, Is, m. (usu.yl.: applied to any kind of rough, (horny bush): Cio.: Hor. Hence, vepretum, a b.-thicket, Col. brambly: 1. dumgsus (I. e. mer.

grown with bushes or bs): virg.: Or. 2. sentgsus: v. THORKY.

bran: furfur, uris, n.: PL: Plin, Phr.: bread made of b., panis furffireiis, GelL: fine 6., fnrfurlculae, arum: Marc, Emp.: b.-like, furfiirosus, furfuraceus: Plin. branch (subs).- [. A limb of &

tree: 1. ramus: the bs of a tree, arboris r., Lucr.: to break of a b. of a tree, r. arboris defringere, Cic: tlie oak stretches out its strong bs and ami widely, aesculus fortes late r. et brachia tendit, Virg.: leafy bs, r. frondentes, Virg. Fig.: to lop off the bs of unlap-piness, r. amputare miseriariim, (9c Dimin.: ramiilus, a small 6., Cic.; also, ramusculus, Hier. 2. frons, dis,/. (a b. with leaves): a b. of oak, f. quernea, Cato: to apply the prunvng-knife to young bs, f. teneris falcem adhibere, Quint.: Cic: v. FOLIAGE. 3, brachlum (poet.): the bs of an oak, b. quercus, Cat.: Virg. ||, Anything analogous to a bough: 1, ramus: (a), of horns: from the top qf tlie torn 6.s spread out, ab cornus summo r. dif-funduntur, Caes.: (6). of mountains: mount Cambalidus is a 6.0/ the Caucasus, mons Cambalidus est Caucasi r., Plin.: (c). of a member of a family: a b. from a Tuscan stem, stemmate Tusco r., Pers. 2. brachlum: (a), ol mountains : the Taurus sends oj bl, Taurus b. emittit, PUn.: (6). of the sea: v. A R M . III. A part, divism: q. v.: genus, gris, n.: Cic. Phr.: oso/ learning, doctrinae, id. branch (•>•) •' I. To shoot or spread

in branches. Phr.: the tree has b.'d tu tlie sky, exiit ad coelum ramis arbos, Virg.: the oak b.'s out, quercus ramos tendit, Virg. ||. To separate info parts: 1, dlvldor, dlvlsus, 3: the Fibrenus b.'s into two parts, Fibrenusin duas partes dividitur, Cic. 2. scindo, scldi, scissum, 3 (with pron. reflect., or as i>. reflect): the family qfbtAb-seS from a single progenitor, genus amuo-ram s. se sanguine ab nno, Virg.: w physical part of philosophy b.'s Mo wo parts, naturalis pars philosophiae in duo sclnditur, Sen. 3. diffundor, fusuB, 3 : the nation b.'s out through Latntm, d. gens per Latium, Virg. _ . branching, branchy: l.'f!'

sus: a 6. tree, r. arbor, Lucr.: «» <"• horns qf a stag, r. cornna cervi, Virg.

2. patiilus (i. e. with widtrspreoM} branches): a b. tree, p. arbor, Ov.: Virg-brand (subs): |. A burmrigmr

burnt piece qf wood: terris: v. rnui-B B A N D . || A mark made by burning:

1 ngta (prop, of the censor's merit of disgrace): Virg.: Suet. 2. stigma, atis, re. (a mark, usuaUy consisting 01 a letter or letters, branded upon sto"", especially runaways): to put a 6. «P™ any one, alicui stigmata iniponere, Viw-i alicujus front! stigmata imprimere, Petr. Also of any mark of disgrace, aliqnem stigmate notare, Mart. P b r.: 0 »•» theforeliead, front's inscriptio, Petr.: V. M A R K , STIGMA. |||, A sword: q-J-brand («.) -• 1. Inuro, ussi, ustmu. 3 (with ace. and dae.): they b. the cam vi talis notes taurunt, Virg.: to t- « stain upon the Claudian gens, macular Claudiae genti in., Liv.: Cic. 2, Bt*

B R A N D E D

mata imponere, imprimere: v. B R A N D (subs). 3. ngto, i: to 6. a man (as a thief, etc) With no little freedom, aliquem muita cum libertate n., Hor. 4. literam ad caput affigere: Cic. branded: UtgrStus: a b. slave, 1.

servus, PI. (= stlgmatias, Cic,). branding-iron: 1. cautgr, gris,

m.: Pall. 2. cauterlum: Plin. brandish: 1, vibro, i: to b.

spears^ hasias v., Cic: Claud. 2. cgrusco, I (poet.): they b. two javelins in the hand, duo coruscant gaesa manu, Virg. 3. crispo, I (poet): to b. javelins, hastilia c, Virg. brandy: 1. *aqua vitae: M. L. 2. *vinum igne vaporatum et stil-

latom: M.L. 3, *aqua fortis (Quich.). 4. *vinum adustum, sublimatum

(Kr.). 5. *vini spiritus. 6. *SpIrItus Galllcus, or Spiritus VIni Galilei (name in the Pharmacopeia). brank - ursine: acanthus: Virg.:

Plin. brasier (a pan for coals): 1. fgcu-

lns: PI.: Liv. 2. batillum (pranae): Hor. brass: Srichalcum: Cic.: Hor. (v.

Diet Ant. p. 84$). In a general and loose sense it may be represented by the Latin words which strictly refer to BRONZE : q. v.

brassy: v. BRAZEN. brat: infans: v. CHILD. bravado: v. BOAST, DEFIANCE.

Phr.: he said this out of b., *hocfecit per speciem periculi contemnendi. brave OO •• v. T O DEFY, DISREGARD,

ENDURE, Phr.: to 6. a mortal danger, periculum capitis adire, Cic: to 6. the risk of losing one's life in defence of any one, ta vitae discrimen pro aliquo se taferre, Cic: v. T O FACE. brave (adj.) : |, Courageous : 1, fortis, e (opposed to ignavus):

fortune favours the b., fortes fortuna adjnvat.Ter.: the Belgae are the bravest, fortissimi sunt Belgae, Caes.: fl man b. in dangers, vir ad pericula f., Cic.: 6. ire handling serpents, f. tractare serpentes, Hor.: a 6. deed, f. factum, Caes.: a 6. and manly speech, oratio f. et virilis, Cic: a b. breast, f. pectus, Hor. 2, bonus (rare, and usu. opposed to ignavus) : the b. and the cowardly, b. atque ignavi, Sail.: all the bravest, optumus quisque, Sail. 3, Snlmosus: v. COURAGEOUS, FEARLESS. 4. strenuus: v,

VIGOROUS. (Fortis is stronger than strenuus: Cic says " si minus fortis, attamen strenuus," if not brave, yet at any rate alert.) Join: fortis et ani-mosus; vir fort's et acris xnagnique animi: fortis animus et magnus: oratio fortis, acris, vehemens: Cic II. Gallant, magnificent, excellent: q. v. bravely: 1. fortlter: to sustain

are attack 6., impetum f. sustinere, Caes.: Cic: Hor.: very b., perfonlter: Ter. 2. acrlter: to fight b. (with vigour, keenness), a. pugnare, Cic: to fight very b., acerrime rem gerere, SalL

3, anlmose: v. COURAGEOUSLY. 4. strenue: v. VIGOROUSLY, EXCEL

LENTLY.

bravery: I. Courage: 1, fortitude : renown for war and b., gloria belli atque f, Caes.: the b. qf the Germans, f. Germanorum, Quint, 2. virtus, fit's, /.: the Helvetii surpass ihe toher Gauls in 6., Helvetii reUquos GaUos vlrtute praecedunt, Caes.: Cic: Hor,: v. VALOUR, INTREPIDITY. ||,

splendour, finery, magnificence: q. v. bravo (subs): sicarlus: Cic: Hor.:

v. ASSASSIN.

bravo (interject): 1, eu: PL: Ter. 2. eugg: PL: Ter. 3. evax: PL 4. mactg (sing), macti (plu), either alone or with virtate esto or este: Cic.: Hor. * 5. sgphgs (expression of admiration during a reading): Juv. brawl (v) •• rixor, I: Lucr.: Cic.:

v. TO WRANGLE, QUARREL. brawl (subs): 1. rixa: the b. was appeased, rixa sedata est, Liv.: v. FRAY. 2. turba (any kind of disturbance): Ter.: Cic: v. WRANGLING, QUARREL.

B R E A C H

brawler: rixator: Quint. brawling (adj): v. QUARRELSOME.

A 0. advocate, rabula: Cic brawn : I. Boar's flesh: 1.

callum apragnum: PL 2. (caro) aprngna: Capit. Max. ||, Muscle: lacertus, ttirus: v. MUSCLE. brawny: 1. IBeertosus: b. centu-

rions, 1. centuriones, Cic: Ov. 2, tbrgsus: ihe b. necks of oxen, t. colla boum, Ov.: v. MUSCULAR. bray (v).- j. To pound (q. v.):

contundo, tudi, tusum, 3: to 6. i-oots with iron pestles, radices ferreis pilis c, Col. ||, To emit a hoarse noise: rudo, ivi, Itum, 3: the ass b.s, r. asellus, Ov.: Pers. Phr.: some orators now-a-days 6. instead of speaking, latrant jam quidam oratores, non loquuntur, Cic.: Hie clarions b., litui strepunt, Hor.: the horns hoarsely b.'d, strepuerunt rauco comua cantu, Virg. bray, braying (s»6s.).- |, Lit..-

of asses: nldltus, us: Apul. 11, of any harsh sound: strgpltus, us: v. DIN. braying: contfisio: v. POUNDING. brazen : I. Made of brass. (The

foU. words may be employed, although strictly referring to bronze): 1, agngus or ahengus: a 6. tablet, a. tabula, Cic.: the b. age, a. proles, Ov. 2. aenus or ahenus (poet.): 6. pruning-hooks, a. falces, Luer.: Virg.: Hor. 3. aergus: b. horns, a. cornua, Virg.: Plin. 4. aeratus (fitted with b.): couches with b. feet, lecti aerati, Cic.: v. BRONZE.

II. Shameless : inrpiidens, impUd-entissimus: Cic. Phr.: a b.-faced person, os durum, Ter.; 03 durissimum, Cic; duri puer oris et audax, Ov.; os imptidens, Ter.: you are a b.-faced fellow, os perfricuisti, Cic.: v. BOLD-FACED, IMPUDENT. brazen-faced: v. BRAZEN (fin). brazen-footed: 1. agnipes, pgdis:

Ov. 2. aerlpes, pgdis: Virg.: Ov. brazier: ffiber aerarius, or simply,

aerarius: Plin. brazil-wood: *Br&silia, old name

for the genus Caesalpina. breach-' |, Lit.: a break, gap,

rent: q. v. Esp. are opening made in fortifications by battering: nearest word, riilna, or pi. ruinae: bodies of armed men were marching into the city through an opening afforded by the b., per pat-entia minis agn 1 ina armatorum in urbem vadebant, Liv.; by tliat b. the town was taken, captum est oppidum ea r., Liv.: the armies were drawn up between tlie b. in the wall and the buildings of the city, acies inter minas muri tectaque nrbis constiterant, Liv.: the townspeople were building a new wall at the part where the town was exposed by the b., oppidani novum murum ab ea parte qua patefactum oppidum minis erat, reficie-bant, Liv. Phr.: he made a small b. in the wall with three battering-rams, tribus arietibus aliquantolum muri dls-cussit, Liv.: to make a 6. ire fl wall by means of violent strokes (of a ram), vehementibus plagis murum dejicere, Vitr.: murum subraere, destraere, Veg.: v. T O BATTER D O W N . Similarly of are

opening made by am inundation in the banks" of a river, etc.: the rifer overflowed and made a b. in the dyke, *flumen exundans allquantnm aggeris disjecit; aggerem perrnpit. ||. Violation: Phr.: Regulus preferred returning to punishment to' being guilty of ab.qf the promise made to the enemy, Regulus ad supplicium redire maluit quam fidem hosti datam fallere, Cic: to commit ab. of promise, fidem fran-gere, Cio.; promissum non servare.Cic.; promissis non stare, Cfc: to commit a b.of a treaty, foedus violare or fumpere, Cic.; contra foedus facere, Cic: to corn-mi* a 6. cf friendship, amicitiam violare, Cic.: o public b. of faith, publica fidei violatio, VelL: these things involve ab. of faith, haec contra fidem fiunt, Cic.: trials respecting b. of trust, judicia de fide mala, Cic; to commit a b. of duty, offlcium deserere, Cic; ab

B R E A K

officio discedere, Cic.: Zeno placed cer tain things between duty and 6. of duty, Zeno inter officium et contra officium? media locabat quaedam, Cic.: ab. of the peace: v. RIOT, ASSAULT. |||. Separation, difference: 1, disjunctio: alienation and b. between friends, alienatio-d.que amicorum, Cic 2. dissldlum: ca7e must be taken that no bs take place between friends, danda opera est ne qua amicorum dissidia fiant, Cic breach (v.): v. BREACH, subs. (J. fin). bread: I. Baked food made of

flour: 1. panis, is, m. (also used for a single loaf: q. v.): good, bad b., p. bonus, malus, Sen.: capital b„ p. pul-cherrimus, Hor.: second-rate 6., p. secun-darius, Plin. (p. secundus, Hor.); p. cibarius, Cic.; p. plebeius, Sen.: 6*ac/c (1. e. spoiled, -mouldy) p., p.- ater, Ter.; p. sordidus, Sen.: dry, hard 6., p. siccus, durus, Sen.: yesterday's (stale) b., p. hestemus, Cels.; p. vetus, Plin.: the crumb of 6., mollia panis, Plin.: the crust of b., crusia panis, Plin.: leavened b., p. fermentatus, Cels.: unleavened b., p. sine fermento, Cels.: new 6., *p. recens: to make 6., panem facere, Plin.: to bake 6., p. coquere, Plin.: nature requires (only) 6. anci water, panem et aquam natura desiderat, Sen. 2, Cgres, gris,/ (poet.): Virg.: Hor. ||. Meton. for subsistence: victus, us: one's daily 6., v. quotidianus, Cic : to get one's b., sibi victum quaerere, Phaedr.: v. LIVING. Phr.: to take any one's b. out of his mouth, aliquem ad famem rejicere, Ter. bread-basket: panarium: Suet.

Plin. bread-pan (for balcing): dlbanus:

Plin. bread-making: panlflclum: Varr. bread-nut: *brosImum alicastrum. bread-poultice: *catapiasma panis. breadfruit-tree: *artocarpus ta-

cisa. breadth: I. Dimension from side

to side: latltudo: the b. of a river, 1. fluminis, Caes.: in 6., in latitudinem, Caes.: a line is length without b., linea-mentum est longitudo latitudine carens, Cic. Phr.: a finger's b„ digitus transversus, Cic.: a nail's b., unguis t, Cic.: not to swerve a finger's 6. from anything, digitum transversum non discedere ab aliqua re, Cic: same phrase Without transversum in .Cic: see BROAD.

||. A portion of stuff composing a dress: plagiila: Varr. |'|. Fig.: of extensiveness of view: also of broad effects ta painting: Phr.: his writings show great b. of view, *scripta ejus longe lateque prospicientis animi sunt: his paintings have elegance but want b., *scite quidem atque venuste (eleganter), sed nimia quad&m subtilitate plngit. break (v.): A. Trans.: j.

To divide forcibly: 1, frango, fregi, fractam, 3 : the golden ring was broken, anulus aureus fractus est, Cic.: to b. a dish, patinam f., Hor.: to 6. are arm, brachlum f., Cic.: to 6. the necks Of citizens, cervices civium f., Cic. 2. con-fringo, 3 (6. ire pieces, q. v,; 6. completely) : to 6. the fingers, digitos c, Cic.

3. diffringo, 3 (rare): to b. tlie legs (in several places), crura d., PL: Suet.

4. infrlngo, 3 (prop, to b. upon something; rare)': to 6. a pot about anyone's head, aulam in caput (alicui) in., PL (fr.). g. perfiingo, 3 (b-through or thoroughly): the stone having been broken, the lots spiang out, perfracto saxo sortes erupere, Cic 6, rgfringo, 3 (to b. back or open): to 6. off the point of a claw, mncronem unguis r., Plin.: to 5. off a bough (Try bending it), ram urn r., Virg.: v. TO BREAK OPEN. 7. SUffrfngO, 3 (tO I). below; hence esp. of the legs): to b. anyone's shins, talos alicui s., PL : to b. anyone's legs, crura alicui s„ Cic Phr.: to 6. one's head with a plank, caput tabula dirumpere, PL: Ter.: the enemy broke ground before our camp, *hostes opera pro castris nostris facere institueiunt. he pointed out with brolcen and dying QI

B R E A K A S U N D E R B R E A K O F F B R E A K U P O N

words liow great a storm threatened the city, signlficabat interruptis atque morientibus vocibus quanta lmpenderet procella urbi, .Cic ||, To wealcen, lessen the force of, subdue: 1, frango, j : J alone crushed and broke the audacity of the brigand, ego unus contudi et fregi praedorils audaclam, Cic: v. T O ENFEEBLE. 2. infrtago, 3: to b. the

spirits of the enemy, animos hostium inf., Liv.: that the first onset and violence of the soldiers might be brolcen, ut .primus incursus et vis militum lhfrin-geretur, Caes. 3. refringo, j: tob. Hie force of a river, vim fluminis r., Caes.: to b. the Achivi, Achivos r., Hor. Phr.: he is b.ing his heart with grief, inoerore se conficit, Cic.: my son is b.ing my heart with care and anxiety, me cura et soUicltudine afflclt gnatus, Ter.: to 6. o fall, casum mitigare s. leviorem reddere: I broke your fall, *te cadentem excepi: the Suevi broke the power of the Ubii, Suevi Ubjos muito Jiumiliores Inflrmioresque redegerunt, Caes.: to 6. a bank, argentariam dissolves, Cic. |||. To violate, infringe:

1, frango, 3. tob. a treaty, foedus f., Cic.: tob. an engagement, fidem f., Cic : Hoc: v. B R E A C H (IL). 2. vIBlo, i:

to b. treaties, foedera v., Liv.; to 6. faith, fidem v., Ov.: v. TO VIOLATE.

3. rumpo, rupi, ruptum, 3 : fob. treaties, foedera r., Cic. IV. to stop, interrupt: v. TO B R E A K OFF. Phr.:

to b. silence, silentia voce rumpere, Ov.: I have not yet broken my fast, fames adhuc mihi Integra est (cf. Cic Fam. 9, 20): Hie maiden had brolcen her fast, Jejunia virgo solverat, Ov.: to b. a person's rest, aliquem ex somno excitare, Cic. B, Intrans.: |. To part, separate: this sense may gen. be translated hy the reflective forms of the Latin verbs given under (A.).- e, g. Hie oars b., franguntur remi, virg.: Hie treachei-ous sword bs, perfidus ensis frangltur, Virg.: the black waterspout b.s, niger arcus aquarum frangltur, Ov. Phr.: my heart is b.ing, dirumpor dolore, Cic ||, To open: v. TO BURST. Phr.: Hie cloud bs, scindit se nubes, Virg. HI, To become bankrupt: rationes conturbare, Cic |V. To decline in health and vigour: dgnoresco, ui, 3 : ifou knew him when already b.ing, eum jam deflorescentem cognovisti, Cic. : Liv. Phr.: my strength is b.ing, me vires deficere inciplunt, Cic. y. Of daybreak: Phr.: day was b.-ing, dies appetebat, Caes.: day is already b.ing, luciscit hoc jam, PL: wlien day broke they were found dead, ut dies illuxit, mortal sunt reperti, Cic: day was already breaking when the consul gave the signal, jam dllucescebat, quum signum consul dedit, Liv.

break asunder or in sunder: 1. rumpo, rupi, ruptum, 3: to 6. a bow as., arcum r., Phaedr.: to b. a keel as., cari-nam r., Ov.: v. T O BURST. 2. dif-

fringo, 3 : v. TO B R E A K (I. 3).

away: disjlcio, disslpo: v.

T O DISSOLVE, DISSIPATE.

•down: I. Trans. l.de-Jicio, Jeci, Jectum, 3 : tob. down a tower (of a ballista), turrim d., Auct. B. Hisp. : Hor.: v. TO O V E R T H R O W , DEMOLISH.

2. rescindo, scldi, scissum, 3 (prop. to cut away): to b. down a rampart, vallum r. (sclndere), Caes.: to 6. down a bridge, pontem r, (also sclndere, Tac), Caes.: Liv. 3. destruo, xi, ctum, 3: to b. down a wall, murum d., Veg.: v. T O DEMOLISH, DESTROY.

Phr.: to 6. down a bridge, pontem rumpere, Liv.; p. interrumpere, Caes.; p. interscindere, Caes.; p. solvere, Tac Fig.: tob. down the restraints of superstition, relliglonum nodos resolvere, Lucr.: to b. down all distinctions, mis-cere omnia, Cic. (v. T O COXFUSE): brolcen down by misfortunes, calamita-tibus fractas, Caes.: v. ENFEEBLED, W O R N OUT. |[. Intrans.: to fail, in speaking, etc.: 1. haereo, haesi, haesum, 2 (lit. to stick fast) -. you will i>, down over a great many of the names

92

(i. e. ire the attempt to explain them), in multis nominibus h„ Cic.: also, h. in Balebra, Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84: he preferred to confess his fault rather than that the authority of religion should b. down, peccatum suum confiteri maluit, quam haerere religionem, Cio. 2. offendo, 3: v. T O FAIL. Phr.: to b. down under fatigue, etc., laborious frangi, conficl: V. TO ENFEEBLE, WEAR OUT.

forth: intr.: grumpo: v. TO BREAK OUT.

in : to tame, horses, etc.: 1, dOmo, ul, Itum, r: to b. in

oxen for the plough, tauros aratro d., CoL: oxen easy to be brolcen in, ad do-mandum proni boves, Varr. 2. siib-Igo, ggl, actum, 3: tob. ire bullocks, Juvencos s., Col. Phr.: there is little trouble in b.ing them in, exiguus in do-mitura labor eorum, Col.: oxen that are thoroughly brolcen in, boves perdomitl, Col..: to b. in a bullock thoroughly to the plough, Juvencum aratro consuesc-ere, Col.: v. also T O BEAT IN, CRUSH.

— into: to effect an entrance tato a house, etc. by force: 1, irrumpo, 3 (with or without aprep); to b. into anyone's house, domum alicujus ir., Caes.; ir. Intra tecte, Sen.: v. TO BURST IN. 2. intrgrumpo, 3: to b. straight into a house, tat, recta in aedes, PL: Caes.

3. invado, si, sum, 3 (with occ or with prep, in): to b. into a city, urbem in., Virg.; in urbem in., Virg. Phr.: to b. into houses and rob one's neighbours, parietes perfodere, vicinos compilare, Cic.

in pieces: 1. comminuo, ui, utum, 3 : to 6. doors to pieces with axes, foribus securibus c, PL: to b. a statue in pieces, etatuam c, Cic : Ov.

2, mlnuo, 3 (less freq. in this sense than the comp. verb, and poet.): Ov.: Stat. 3, confringo, fregi, actum, 3: to b. in pieces pots, cups, aulas, calices c, PL: swords brolcen in pieces by swoi-ds, enses ensibus confracti, Lucan.

4. concido, cidi, cisum, 3 (prop, to cut in pieces): to 6. ships to pieces, naves c, Liv. Fig.: to b. up (speech) into short clauses: Cic. 5. dirumpo, 3 : to b. images in pieces, imagines d., Tac

loose". grumpo, 3: are irecre-dible fury broke 1. in my consulate, in-credibilis furor in meo consulatu erupit, Cic.: v. T O B R E A K OUT. Phr.: I broke

I., vincula rupi, Virg.: it (the bird) broke I. from its flaxen bands, vincula linea rupit, Virg.: v. TO BURST: -he broke I. from the hands of the soldiers, se ex manibus militum eripuit, Cic: a calf brolce I. from the hands of the officiating (piiests), vitulus e manibus sa-crincantium se proripuit, Liv. (comp. Virg. A. 2, 223).

Off: A. Trans.: |, to detach a portion.- 1, defringo, 3 : to b. off the bi-anch of a tree, ramum arboris d., Cic.: to 6. off the iron head from a spear, ferram ab hasta d., Virg.

2. praefringo, 3 (to 6. off the point): to b. off the points of spears, hastas p., Liv.: tob. off the beak of a trireme, tri-remis rostrum p., Caes. 3. abrumpo, 3 : to b. Hie fetters off from Pirithous, vincula* Pirithoo ab., Hor. 4. prae-rumpo, 3 (similar to 2; only implying a sudden breaking off): Hie cables were broken off, funes praerumpebantur, Caes.: Ov.. ||, To discontinue, put an end to: 1. rumpo, 3 : to b. off a marriage, nuptias r„ Hor.: to b. off amours, amores r., Virg. 2. abrumpo, 3 : to b. off fl conversation, ser-monem ab., Virg. 3, dirumpo, 3 : to b. off friendships, amicitlas d,, Cic 4, interrumpo, 3: tob. off a conversation, sermonem in., PL: to 6. off a custom, consuetudinem in., Cic. §. dirlmo emi, emptum, 3 : to 6. off the'union of citizens, conjunctionem civium d., Cic.: to 6. off a peace, pacem d., Liv.: to b. off a conference, colloquium d., Caes.: to b. off friendships, amicitias d., Tac. 6. praecido, cidi, dsum, 3 : to b. off a friendship, amicitiam p., Cic. (im

plying a sudden rupture, Off. 1,33,120) 7. incldo, ddi, cisum, 3: tob. off

a conversation, sermonem In., Liv.: ail deliberation is brolcen off, inclditur omnis deliberatio, Cic B, Intr.: | To detach itself: expr. by plus, of verbs given under (A.), as, the stalk bs off, caulis praefringltur, Cato. || Jb cease suddenly: \, praecido, 3 '(absol) : Cic: v. TO CUT SHORT, STOP SHORT,

2, subststo, stiti, stitum, i; she (lit. her tongue) broke off m Hie mkU of her words, substitit in medios lingua sonos, Ov. 3. dgslno, slvi and sli, sltum, 3 (with some qualifying word, as repente, subito): v. TO CEASE. (N.B.— The effect of the Eng. verb may sometimes be conveyed by the use of such a pluperfect as dlxerat, finierat: comp, Ov. Met. 13,123.)

open 1 1. refringo, 3: to b. open gates, portas r., Caes.: to b. open a prison, carcerem r., Liv. 2, ef. fringo, 3: tob. open a door, januam ef, Cic.: to 6. open a prison, carcerem ef,, Tac: to 6. open a box, cistam ef., Hor,

3, solvo, 3 (of letters, seals): to b. open a letter, epistolam s., Cic: v, 10 OPEN.

out: 1. erumpo, 3: they b. out qf the camp, ex castris erumpunt, Caes.: fires b. out from the top of Elm, ignes ex Aetnae vertice e., Virg.: the conspiracy had broken out from the darlcness, conjuratio ex tenebrls erup-erat, Cic: to 6. out into every Icini cf cruelty, in omne genus crudelitatls e„ Suet. 2. prorumpo, 3; that pUgue will b. out, ilia pestis prorumpet,Oia: a fire had broken out, incendium pro-raperat, Tac : to 6. out into threats,sA mtaas p., Tac. 3. exgrior, ortus, 4: a war 6.s out, bellum ex., Liv.: v. 10 ARISE. 4. exardesco, arsi, arsum, 3: a war broke out, bellum exarsit, Cic.: to 6. out into a mutiny, in seditionem ex., Liv.: to 6. out into resentments, in iras ex., Virg. 5, To b. out anew, as an old sore: recrudesco, crSdui, 3: fig.: the wounds which seemed to be healed broke out anew, ilia quae con-sanuisse videbantur r., Cic; Sen.

UP: I. T<> break m pieces (q. v.): 1, frango, 3 : tob. up a clod, glebam f., Virg. 2. solvo, 3: tob. up a ship, navem s., Ov. 3. dissolve, 3 : to b. up a ship, navigium d., Cic. Phr.: to 6. up land, arva subigere, Virg.; terras vomere Imbnere, Ov. ||, To put an end to, to dismiss: 1, solvo, 3 : Tarquin broke up the custom of consulting the senate, Tarquinius morem senatum consulendi solvit, Hi.

2. disciUIo, cussi, cussum, j: to fc up a council, consilium d., Liv.: v.TO DISMISS. Phr.: tob. up an army, ex

ercitum dimittere, Caes.: v. TO DISBAND. HI. Intr.: to go to pieces; to separate; to leave a position: Phr.rifo ship has broken up, navigium dissoluttuu est, Cic.: the sharp frost bs up, solvitui acris hiems, Hor.: Hie council bs up, consurgitur ex consilio, Caes.: next day the enemy b. up (i.e. leave their position), postero die hostes castra movent, Caes.: -we shall b. up to-morrow (of a school), *cras nobis feriae indpienS: J-TO SEPARATE, DISBAND.

through: |. Lit.: 1, rumpo, 3 (prop, te burst; of force exerted from within): v. TO BREAK ASM; DER. 2, perrumpo, 3: to b. through a threshold with an axe, limina bipaffll p., Virg.: to 5. through a rib, costam p., Cels. 3, perfringo, 3: to 6. through gates, portas p., Lucan: tob. ikroum walls, muros p., Tac.: to 6. through (« main body of the enemy, phalangeal hostium p., Caes. ||, Fig.: to vidatt laws, treaties, etc: 1. vlglo, 1: T' TO VIOLATE. 2. rumpo, frango: *• TO BREAK (III.).

upon: In tr.: of waves, eta! to dash against: Phr.: ihe -winds fc upon the threshold, frangunt se in limine venti, Val. Flacc: the wave W upon the shallows, frangltur unda vadis, Ov.

B R E A K *W ITH B R E A T H E UPON B R E E D

break with: L e. to come to a rupture with: dissldeo: v. TO QUARREL, B E AT VARIANCE WITH. Phr.: Scipio had

broken with Pompey, Scipio ab amicitia Pompeii se removerat, Cic. break (subs): |. An interrup

tion : expr. by verb: locus intermissus, interruptus; qui patet, etc ||, An instrument applied to carriage wheels to stop their motion : sufflamen : he. confines the wheels by a powerful b., rotam astringit muito s., Juv.: Prud.

HI, Break of day: dlluculum: v. DAY-BREAK.

breakage: fractura: v. FRACTURE, BREAKING. breaker: \, One who breaks: 1,

: ruptof: the b. of a treaty, foederis r., : Liv.: Tac: v. VIOLATOR. Or expr. by verb, as, tlie b. of a door, qui fores

: effringit, Cic. 2. dgmltor (fl tamer): • a b.of hoises, equorum d„ Cic: Virg.

||, A Miare broken against any obstacle : fluctus a saxo fractus, Cic. Fam.

: 9, 16. 1 breakfast (subs): 1, jentaciilum: i PI.: Mart.: Suet. 2. prandlum (a kind of lunch): to cook a b., p. coquere, PI.: to invite anyone to 6., aliquem ad

1 p. invitare, Cic.: to get up to 6., ad p. ! surgere, Suet.: my wife is calling me to • b„ ad p. uxor me vocat, PL

breakfast 0 ) : 1. jento, 1: Suet.: Mart. 2. prandeo, di, sum, 2 (v.

. BREAKFAST, subs); PL: Cic: to b. on , nightingales, luscinias p., Hor.

breaking (subs.): 1, fractura: the b.of a bone, ossis f., Cels. 2. dg-

• mltus, ns (the b. in of animals): Cie. 3. dgmltura (1. q. domitus): Col.:

\ Pita. 4. interruptlo (a b. off, in dis-. course): Quint 5, eruptlo (a 6. out; med. 1.1): Plin. 6. dissglutlo (a 6.

', up): the 6. up of a ship, navigii d., I Tac: the b. up of an empire, imperii d., Tac. break-water : 1. munttio ac

'. moles lapldnm; moles lapidum in marl structa, or fluctibus opposite: cf. Cic. Verr. 4, 53, 118. 2. structura s. ag-

: ger: Vitr. 12, 5, 2. 3. pHa: Virg. bream : 1. *abramis, brama:

M.L. 2. "bramablicea; M L . breast (subs): |, The organ that

secretes milk: 1, mamma, mammilla, or 1 nam ilia: to give the b. to a child, puero m a m m a m dare, PL: Cic. (In medical writers mamma is the breast of females; mammilla of males: Mayne.).

2. iiber, gris, n. (when full qf millc): milky bs, lactea u., Virg.: his own motlier nourishes every (child) with her bs, sua quemque mater uberibus alit, Tac. 3. papilla (poet.): Cat.: Virg

||, The upper and front part qf the body; also, the cavity situated behind it: 1, pectus, gris, re.: Ov.: Cels.: Plin. Phr.: having a broad or full 6., pectgrosus: Plin.: Col. 2, praecordla, oram: the breath remaining in the b., spiritu remanente in praecordiis, Liv.: v. CHEST. HI, The feelings : 1, pectus: he soothes their grieving bs, moerentla p. mulcet, Virg : pure bs, p. casta, Ov. 2. praecordla; at times valour returns into the b. even qf the conquered, quondam etiam victis redit in p. virtus, Virg.: Hor.: v. BOSOM, HEART. breast (v): Phr.: he courageously

bs the waves, "fortfter pectus (pectora) fluctibus oppontt; fluctus adverso pec-tore exdpit: V. TO FACE. breast-bone: 1. os pectoris :

Cels. 2, pedgrale os: Cels. 3. "sternum (from the Greek): frequently used by modem medical writers. breast-plate: 1. lonca: Cic:

Liv.: v. CORSLET. 2, thorax, ads, m.: Liv.: Virg. 3, pectgrale, is, n.: Varr.: Plin. breast-pump: *antlia mammaria

(Mayne). breast-work: 1. lorica: Caes.:

Tac. Vimin. lorTetila, a low b.: Hirt.: ^ e & 2. pl&tgus (less freq. plnteum) : Caes.: Veg. breath: I. The air taken into and expelled from the lungs; also, the

act of respiration: 1, spiritus, us: to draw b., s. ducere, also, animam spiritu ducere, Cic: to receive a son's last b., filii postremnm s. excipere, Cie.: to talce b., s. colligere, Quint.: to be fetching one's last 6., i. e. expiring, trahere extremum s., Phaedr.: to utter a sentence in a single 6., complexionem verborum uno s. volvere, Cic. Fig.: the 6. of the N. wind, Boreae s., Virg.

2. Snlma (esp. in poet.) : I stopped my 6., a. compressl, Ter.: to hold one's b„ a. continere, Cic (tenere, Ov): to talce b., a. reciprocare, Liv..- the passage of the b., iter animae, Cic.: badness of b„ animae gravitas, Plin.: v. also AIR.

3, afflatus, us (b. directed upon some object): Ov.: Stat. Fig.: the b. of the W. wind, af. Favonii, Plin. 4, halitus, us (esp. hard or bad 6.): badness qf b. from the lungs, a pulmone graveolentia halitus, Plin.: for the purpose of improving ihe b., commendandi h. gratia, Plin.: v. FUMKS. 5. anhg-lltns, us (prop, a hurried or difficult b., shortness of 5.): to talce b., an. re-clpere, PL : the dry b. came from his weary mouth, aridus a lasso veniebat an. ore, Ov. Phr.: out of b. with running, exanimatus cursu, Caes. ||, Life: 1. anlma : while a sick man has b. there is said to be hope, aegroto dum a. est, spes esse dicitur, Cic: v. LIFE. 2. spiritus: to take away anyone's b„ spiritum alicui auferre, Cic.: to give up one's b., s. reddere, Veil. |||, Breeze: q. v. breathe: A. Intrans.: 1.

To respire, be alive: 1, splro, 1: they cannot even b. without fear, ne s. quidem sine metu pdssunt, Cic.: Catiline was found still b.ing a Utile, Cati-lina repertus est, panlulum etiam spi-rans, Sail. Fig.: the mind of Laelius seems to be still b.ing in his writings, videtur Laelii mens s. etiam in scriptis, Cic.: the b.ing (i. e. life-like) statues, spirantia signa, Virg. 2. respiro, 1: those who are sunk in water cannot b., qui demersi sunt in aqua r. non possunt, Cic.: power to b., respirare potestas, Virg.: Juv. Phr.: to 6., spiritum ducere, animam spiritu ducere, Cic; spiritum trahere, Phaedr. ||, To pause, rest : V. TO BREATHE AGAIN. B. Tr an s.: |, To draw into and expel from the lungs: Phr.: we b. the air, agrem spiritu ducimus, Cic.: the windpipe bs back the air from the lungs, aspera arteria animam a pulmonibus r., Cic.: could I any longer b. the common air? auram communem haurire am-plius potui ? Quint.: to 6. the vital air, auras vitales carpere, Virg. ||, To exhale (q. v.): splro, 1: her locks b.'d a divine odour, comae divinum odorem spiravere, Virg. |||, To express, manifest (q. v.): 1, anhelo, 1 (implying violence): to 6. out wickedness, scelus an., Cic. 2. splro, i: tob. war, bellum s., Lucr.: to b. love, amores s., Hor.

IV. To utter softly: v. TO WHISPER. again (L e. talce breath or

heart anew): respiro, 1: to 6. again after repeated disasters, r. a continufs ciadi-bus, Liv.: to 6. again often- fear, r. a metu, Cic.: I shall 6. again if I see you, respirabo si te videro, Cic.: PL

in or into'. inspire, 1: v.

TO INSPIRE. out: 1. exspiro, I: to

b. out a stream of blood from the breast, flumen sanguinis de pectore ex., Lucr.: to b. out flames, flammas ex., Virg. 2. splro, 1 (poet.): oxen b.ing out flames, flammas spirantes boves, Liv.: Virg.: V. also TO BREATHE (III.). 3. efflO, i:. they b. out fires from their mouth and nostrils, Ignes ore et naribus effiant, Ov.: tob. out on&s life, i.e. to die, animam ef., Cic. 4. proflo, I: to b. out flames, flammas p.. Ov. 5, exhalo, I: orifices b.ing out flame, spiramenta flammam exhalantia, Ov.: to b. out Ufe, i. e. to die, vitam ex., Virg. — — — upon: 1. asplro, i: that

cold may not 6. upon him, ut ne ad eum frigus aspiret, Cels.: Virg. 2. affl°,

1 (stronger than aspiro: to blow upon): as if Canidia had b.'d upon them, velut illis Canidia afnasset, Hor.: to 6. perfumes on anyone, odores alicui af., Prop-

breathing (subs.): |, The act of breathing: 1, aspiratio: living creatures are supported by the b. of air, ani-mantes aspiratione aeris sustinentur, Cic. 2, spiritus, us: air drawn in by b. nourishes and supports living beings, aer spiritu ductus alit et sus-tentat animantes, Cic.: Ov. 3. re-splratlo: Cic : Plin. 4. Or expr. by gerund, etc: v. T O BREATHE. ||, Gram. t. t.: 1, aspiratio: Cic : Quint. 2. spiritus: the rough b., s. asper, Prise: tlie smooth b., s. lenis, Prise breathing-hole: spiracillum; v.

AIR-HOLE, VENT. breathing-time: L e. time or space

to recover from fear or other agitation: Phr.: to have (a moment's) b. from anything, (punctum temporis, Cic.) ab aliqua re respirare, Liv.: Veil.: the Sa-gwntines had had a few days b., Sagun-tini a proeliis quietem per aliquot dies habuerant, Liv.: v. RESPITE. breathless: 1. exanimis, e, or

exanlmus, a, um: a 6. corpse, ex. corpus,. Quint.: Virg.: v. LIFELESS. Fig.: of extreme fear, etc.: b. with fear, metu ex., Hor.: Virg. 2. exanimatus: v. LIFELESS, DEAD. Fig.: my wife b.

(with alarm), ex. uxor, Cic: 6. with alarm, ex. metu, Ter.: Curt.; v. also BR E A T H (!-/».) bred: nutritus: 6. at Thebes or Ar-

gos, Thebis n. an Argis, Hor.: esp. in the compounds, well-bred, tliorough-bred: q. v. breech (subs): anus: nates: clunes:

v. BUTTOCK, FUNDAMENT. Phr.: the b.

of a gun, *sclopetl pars inferior. breeches: 1. bracae or braccae,

arum (the hose trousers of Celtic nations) : Prop.: Tac Phr.: nations that wear *>., nationes bracatae, Cic.: a soi-dier wearing b., bracatus miles, Prop..

2. feminalla, Ium (drawers, q. v.): Suet.: Hor. Phr.: to take the b. from ahighlandman, nudo vestimenta detrah-ere, PL As. I, i, 79. breed (v.): A. Trans.: |.

To engender, give birth to: 1, parlo, pgpgrl, partum, 3 : rotten wood b.s maggots, ligna putrefacta vermiculos p., Lucr.: tlie earth bred other animals spontaneously, cetera tellus animalia sponte sua peperit, Ov.: v. TO BEGET. Fig.: truth bs hatred, Veritas odium p., Ter.: v. TO PRODUCE. 2. ggngro, 1: such fl monster as Africa b.s, quale portentum g. Africa tellus, Hor.: germs b.ing green frogs, semtaa virides gener-antia ranas, Ov. Fig.: to b. strife, Utem g., Quint.: v. also inf. (B.). 3. gigno: v, T O BEGET. 4. procreo: v.

TO ENGENDEE, BEGET. Phr.: we may see worms bred from dung, videre licet vivos exsistere vermes de stercore, Lucr. (I, To raise a breed : \, alo, alul, 3 : to 6. horses, equos a., Ter. • they b. these animals for the purpose of amusement, haec animalia alunt animi causa, Caes.: v. T O REAR. 2. pasco, pavi, pastum, 3 (Ut to feed): to b. fleeced (small) stock, pecus lanare p., Varr.: to 6. horses, equos p., Virg. B. Intrans.: |, To engender: 1, con-clplo, cepi, ceptum, 3 : v. T O CONCEIVE.

2, fete, 1: ducks b. in marshes, anates in paludibus f., Col. . 3. eengro, r: the she-ass has begun to b., asina g. coepit, PItn. \\. To have birth: f, nascor, natus, 3 : bees b.from the putrid entrails, de putri viscere nascuntur apes, Ov.: gnats b. in the fig-tree, in fico culices nascuntur, Plin. 2. pro-vgnlo, veni, 4: muscles b. in sandy places, mitali in arenosls p., PUn. 3. glgnor, ggnitus, 3 : there is nothing but what bs in the sea, nihil non g. in mari, Plin. breed (s«6s.) : 1, semlnlum: fe

males of good 6., feminae boni s., Varr.: a good b. of asses, asinorum s. bonum,. Varr.: Lucr. 2. ggnus, gris, re.: 6.8 qf wild cattle, genera pecudum foir-9?

B R E E D E R B R I D G E B R I G A N D A G E

turn, Varr.: v. KIND, RACE. 3. gens, gentls,/. (poet.): Virg.; Ov. Phr.; the best b.s of oxen liave an ugly head, optima forma bovis cui turpe caput, Virg.: cattle of good 6., generosum pe-•cus, Virg.

breeder: I. the female that produces : matrix, icis, /. (i.) of a cow: Varr. (ii.) of a ewe: Col. (111.) of a hen: CoL (It may ajso be expressed by the adj. feta qualifying the substantive ; but this Is usu. said of a female tliat lias recently given birth to offspring : Plin.: Virg.) ||. One who devotes attention to the rearing of any kind of animal: ggngrator: a 6. qf horses, g. equorum, Virg, Phr,: he liad a great reputation as a b. of the best sheep, *magnam cepit gloriam ex studio ovium opti-marum alendaram. breeding (adj.): feta: v. BREEDER. breeding (subs): |. 37ie act or

time of generating: fetiira: are age fit for b., aetas feturae habilis, Virg.: during b. time, in fetura, Varr._ ||. Tlie raising qf a breed : sgnilnatlo: Varr.

Ill, Formation of manners; also manners: v. EDUCATION, MANNERS.

Phr.: good 6, humanltas: those things are very inconsistent with Qood b., ea multum ab h. discrepant, Cic.: v. REFINEMENT, POLITENESS.

breeze (the insert): oestrus: v. GAD-FLY, breeze (of wind) : 1. aura : the night b., nocturna a., Caes. Fig.: a little b. qf rumour, parva a. rumoris, Cic.: the b. of popular favour, a. popularis, Cic.: Hoi. 2. flatus, us: the. sails moved by a favouring b., f. secundo carbasa mota, Ov.: Virg. Fig.: we are enjoying Hie propitious b. of fortune, pros-pero f. formnae utimur, Cic 3. anl-Tna (mostly poet.): Thracian bs, a. Thraciae, Hor. 4. spiritus, us: Sen. breezy: ventosus: v. WINDY. breviary: I, An abridgement,

epitome: q. v.: gpitgme: summarium: brgvlarmm. ||. A manual qf prayers, *brgvlarlum: M.L. brevity: I. Shortness: q.v. ||.

Conciseness (of language): 1, bre-•vltas: when there is no superfluous word, it is to be called b., b. appellanda est, quum verbum nullum redundat, Cic.: the (peculiar) b. of Sallust, ilia Sallostiana b., Quint. 2. brgvllg-quentia: Cic. ap. Gell. Phr.: I desire b. qf speech, fieri dictis compendium volo, PI. brew: A. Trans.: |. Ta

malce beer: *cerevisiam coqugre; or ex hordeo corrupto conficere (cf. Tac. G. 21). ||. To mix: q. v. |||, To contrive, plot, hatch: q. v. Phr.: see what miscliief the woman is b.ing, vide •quod inceptet (meretrix) facinus, Ter.: don't you see what mischief you are brewing ? non vides quantum mali con-cites? Ter. B. Intrans.: Phr.: the maid-servant bs famously, *ancilla cerevislam scite conncit: a tempest is b.ing in the west, ab occidente (sole) tempestas excitatur s. concitatur (cf. Auct. Har. Resp. ;, 4; and Cic. Mur. 11. 36): there is some mischief b.ing, *ne-sclo quid mali concinnatur, paratur (cf. Phaedr. 2, 4.I'm) : see supr. (A. fin). brewer: *cerevisiae coctor. brewhouse : * aedificium ad eere-

visiam coquendam exstruci um. brewing (subs): *cerevisiae coc

tura. briar, Wild: *rSsa canlna: M. L. bribe (subs): prgtlum.- to be induced

by a b. to condemn a man, pretio adduci ad hominem condemnandum, Cic: to corrupt a juri/man by a b., pretio judicem corrumpere, Cic. (N.B. — Any Latin word signifying money, reward, etc., may in certain connexions be used v. T O BRIBE, BRIBERY.) Phr.: they ac

cused us of talcing a 6., nos pecuniae captae arcessebant, Cic. bribe («•): 1. larglor, 4 (prop, to

give profusely) • to procure great means for b.ing, facultates ad largiendum magnas comparare, Caes.: to become popular by b.ing with other men's 94

money, larglendo de aiieno popularem fieri, Liv. 2, corrumpo, rupi, ruptum, 3 (usu. with some defining word, as pecunia, pretio, auro, etc.): the juryman is b.d, judex pretio corrumpitur, Cic : there were some who had been b.d, fuere qui auro corrupt! essent, Sail.: Jugurtha bs the king's nearest relations, Jugurtha regi proxlmos donis c, Sail.: / will b. his slaves, munerlbus servos corrumpam, Hor. Phr.: to attempt to b. a court qf justice, judicium pecunia ten tare, Cic.,- he directed his ambassadors-to attempt to b. everyone, legatis praecepit omnes mortales pecunia ag-grediantur, Sail.: similarly, spe et pretio sollicitare, Cic; the multitude is easily b.d, multitudo pretio venalls est, Siv.: not to be b.d, integer, incorruptus: v. INCORRUPTIBLE.

briber: 1. corrupter: Cic; Suet. 2. divisor (are agent employed to

distribute Hie bribes): Cic: Suet. 3, largitor: Cic. bribery: 1. ambitus, us (of

voters for public offices; including all kinds of illegal canvassing): to accuse a man of b., hominem ambitus (de amb.) ac cusare, Ci: a mare found guilty of b„ vir ambitus damnatus, Cic: a law respecting b., ambitus (de a., Suet.) lex, Cic. 2, corruptgla: he said that profuse expenditure was b., largitionem c dixit esse, Cic: v. CORRUPTION. 3. largltio (profuse b) : to corrupt a tribe by disgraceful b., tribum turpi 1. corrumpere, Cic: Sail. 4. rgdemptio (i. e. buying a verdict, etc): the b.of a court of law, judlcii r., Cic. Phr.: to endeavour to prevail over anyone by b., aliquem pecunia sollicitare, Cic: v. T O BRIBE (fin).

brick (subs.): 1. later, gris, m. -. the city was built of b.s or rough stone, urbs ex latere aut caemento effecta est, Cic.: to malce bs, lateres ducere, facere, parare, Vitr.; 1. fingere, PUn.: to dry bs, 1. arefacere, Vitr.: to bake bs, L coquere, Vitr.: to lay bs, 1. struere, Caes.: a burnt or umburnt b., coctus 1. sive cradus, Vitr. Hence, a half b., semli&ter, Vitr. Dimin. IStercii'us, a small b„ Caes.: Plin. 2. testa (earthenware in general: v. JAR) : Cato; Vitr. brick (adj) : 1. latgrlcius: b.

walls, 1. muri, Caes.j 6. shrines, 1. cel-lae, Vitr. 2. testacgus: a 6. structure, t. structura, Vitr.: Plin. brick-bat: 1. *lateris fragmen

s. frustum. 2. testa (of brolcen pieces qf earihenware) -. Ov..- Tac.

brick-clay or earth: terra latgr-arla: Pita. brick-kiln: latgrarla: Plin. brick-layer: latgrum structor; or

perhaps, structor (alone); Cic. brick-maker: latgrarlus: Non. brick-making: latgrina: Tert. brick-work: latgrlclum; or opus

latgricium .• Caes.: Vitr. bridal (subs): nuptiae: v. MAR

RIAGE, WEDDING.

bridal (adj.) : 1. nuptlalis, e : 6. gifts, n. dona, Cic.: v. NUPTIAL. 2. proniibus (poet.) : a 6. torch, p. flamma! Claud. Phr.: a b. veil, flammeuni: Juv.: Plin.: a b. bed, ggnlalis lectus, Cic; g. torus, Virg.: v. WEDDING. bridal-chamber: thalamus: Virg.;

Cat. bride: 1. nupta or nova nupta

(just married) : Ter.: Ov. 2. sponsa (about to be married) : PI.: o weevina b., fiebilis s„ Hor. bride-cake: mustacgus, or -um :

Cato: Juv. bride-groom: 1. marltus, or ngvus

maritus (just married).- PL: a maid, re conducted to her young b., Juveni virgo deducta marito, Ter. 2. sponsus (betrothed : q. v.): Cic: Hor. bridesmaid: pronttba: Cat.: Stat. bridesman: 1, auspex nuptia-

rum:_ Cic 2. p&ranymphus: Aug. bridewell: v. PRISON. bridge (subs): pons, pontis, m.: to make a b. over a river, pontem in

fiumine facere, faciendum curare Cues.' flumen ponte Jungere, Liv.; to make a 6. of boats, pontem navibus efficere Pac,: to break down a b., p. interscln' dere, Cic; p.rescindere, Caes.-y TO B R E A K D O W N . Dimin. pontlcaius a

small b.: Cic: Cat. Phr.: the toll talcen at a b., pontatlcum, Amm.; a*,. master, *pontis curator: the b. of the nose, *pars nasi superior: the b. of a violin, *fidium jugum (Georg.). bridge (v.): ponte jungo, pontem

facio, etc.: v. BRIDGE.

bridle (subs) -. 1. ftgnum; pi. .1 and-a: strictly bit, curb: q. v. Fig,. to put ab.on anyone's rriadness, alicui frenos furor's injicere, or, adhibere, Cie. (N.B.—Not dare; which is to give the reins, i. e. relax them). 2, Brum (esp. poet.): to lead horses by their b.s, equos "oris ducere, Liv,; Virg.; Of.

3. habgna: v. REINS.

bridle (».); 1, frgno, 1 (rare in prose except fig.): to 6. dragons (i,e. put a bridle on them), dracones f. On.: a caparisoned andb'd horse, instruct™ frenatusque equus, Liv. Fig.; tob. anyone's fury, alicujus furores f., Cic. • to 6. pleasures, voluptates f., Liv. g infrgno, 1; to 6. a horse, equum inf.! Liv.: Virg. (v. rare in fig. sense), jj, frenos impono, injlcio: v. TO POT OK! (For fig. sense, see also TO CURB, BE-STRAIN.)

bridler (rare): frgnator: Stat brief (adj.): 1, brgvis, e; 6. en

joyment, b. fructus, Lucr.: a b. narrative, b. narratio, Cic.: / strive to be &,, I become obscure, b. esse laboro, obscu-rus fio, Hor. 2. augustus: used by Cic as antithesis to dilatatus, i. e. expanded, diffuse: v. COMPRESSED, cos: CISE, TERSE. Phr.: I wUl be very b.

with you, compendi verba muita lactam tibi, PL: to be brief (as parenthetical clause), ne longum sit, Cic; ne longum faciam, Hor.; ne muita or ne multis, Cic.; quid quaeris, Hor. Ep. 1,10,8. brief (subs): |. A despatch: q.v, ||. An outline qf a legal case: causae

commenterius; brevis annotatio; libelli: Quint. 10, ",, 30, 31 (where however the expressions mean notes made by the advocate himself). Phr.: to be engaged with one's first b., primam causam I. advocationem agere: he did not get a, single b., *nemo omnium eum ad causam suam defendendam advocavit, eum causae suae patronum habuit: he failed omlm first b., quam primam suscepit causam, in ea offendit, v. TO FAIL.

briefless: only facete: a b. barrister, *sine clientibus patronus. briefly: 1. brgvlter: io speakb,

and aptly, b. et commode dicere,Cit: as 6. os I could, quam brevissimepotui, Cic,: very b., perbreviter, Cic. 2. paucis (Ut. ire few words); to speak as b. as possible, quam paucissimis dicere. Sail.: Ter. 3. strictim: v. erase-RILY. 4, anguste, presse (signifying compression of matter into few words; whereas brevi ter and paucis denote only the use of few words): v. TERSELY, con-

PASS, IN S M A L L (phr.). ?hr.: to trat

of anything 6., aliquid brevi praecidere, percurrere, Cic (but brevi is here an abl, and signifies within a short time or limits); aliquid in pauca, paucissima conferre, PL briefness: v.BREVITY. brier: L e. prop, the dog-rose « *

rgsa canlna (cynosbatos, Plin.); but generally =bra»iM<3: q.v. brig; "navis duobus malls instructa, brigade: I. Of Infantry: le*

onis, /..- Caes. (the Roman legion contained about as many troops as the modern infantry b., and like the latter, it was complete In itself, and capable of independent action). ||. Of cavalry: (?) turma equitum: Caes.: v. TROOP. brigadier: trlbunus: Caes. {Pro*

the nearest word: v. Diet. Ant p, 503, a.) brigand: 1. latro: Caes.: Cic. 2. latrunculus: Cic: v. BANDIT. brigandage: 1. latrgdnlmnp''

BR I G A N T I N E i B R I N G B R I N G B A C K

practice): Caes.: Cic. 2. latroclna-tlo (a particular act): Plin. To be engaged m b., latrgclnor, I: PL : Cic. brigantine: 1, llbuma (a light

gaMey) -• Caes.: Hor. 2. Uburnlca (=.1): Suet: PUn. bright: I. Shining, lustrous : 1. clams (the most general term:

v. CLEAR) : a 6. star, c Stella, Cic: very b. jewels, clarissimae gemmae, Cic.: a wreath 6. with gout and gems, c auro gemmisque corona, Ov. Very b., prae-darus: Lucr. 2. lucldus (usu. of that which shines with a calm lustre): b. stars, 1. sidera, Hor.: Vitr.: a b. gem, 1. gemma, Ov. Veryb., perlucidus (also pellucidus): a very 6. star, p. Stella, •Cic (more usu. in sense of transparent: <1- v.) 3. splendldus: stronger than lucidus: v. GLITTERING, BRILLIANT.

4. nltldus (prop, only of that which is externally bright or beaming): b. ivory, n. ebur, Ov.: 6. shining hair, n. •caesaries, Virg.: v. GLEAMING. j}, candldus (bright-white, shining): b. stars, c. stellae, Lucr.: the 6. moon, c. luna, Virg. : v. WHITE. 6. fulgldus {flashing: q. v.): Lucr. To the above may be added the participial adjectives, Iucens, fulgens, splendens, nil ens, can-•dens: concerning the difference between which, see T O SHINE, SHINING. Phr.:

6. (lively) eyes, vegeti oculi, Suet, (ni-tentes oculi in Virg, is rather used with ref. to their shining with tears) : to be b., nitere, fulgere, splendere, etc : v. T O SHINE : to become 6., claresco, Tac.: Sen.; splendesco, Virg.: Ov.; nltesco, Virg.: Plin.: v. T O BRIGHTEN: to keep ab. fire, luculento uti camino, Cic. ||. Smart, clever: q. v.: perh. fficetus, argutas. brighten: A. Trans.: |. Lit:

lo make bright (infrequent): v. T O POLISH, ILLUMINE, M A K E LIGHT. ||,

To cheer, enliven: q. v. B. I n t r a n s.: |. Lit.: 1, splendesco, dui, 3:

let the ploughshare, rubbed in Hie furrow, begin to 6., incipiat sulco attritus s. vomer, Virg.: -uie saui tlie sky b. with the flame of Etna, vidimus Aetneae coelum s. flamma, Ov. 2. nltesco, tui, ?: as the new moonbs, nitescente nova luna, Plin. 3. claresco, elarai, 3 : Tac : Sen. 4. rglucesco, taxi, 3 (6. again): Hie image of the sun b.'d again, soils imago reluxit, Ov.: Hie day b.d again, reluxit dies, Tac: v. TO U L E A R UP. II, Fig.: of the aspect

of affairs, the countenance, intellect, etc : often, to brighten up: Phr.: (At's) face b.'d up, "vultus se explicavit, in hilaritatem solntus est: affairs begin to b., jam res meUus ire incipiunt: v. T O IMPROVE: "even slowness bs up with affection," *amore etiam tarda ingenia nitescunt. brightly: clare, luclde, splendldg;

for the difference between them, v. BRIGHT.

brightness: |, Splendour: 1. candor: theb. of the sun, c solis, Cic: the b. of the sky, coeli c, Cic: v. WHITE

NESS. 2. niter (of that which has a bright surface): the b. qf the dawn, n. aurorae. Lucr.: theb.qf silver and gold, n. argenti et auri, Ov.: the b.of a sword, n. gladll, Plin. 3. fulgor (flashing b): the b.of a candelabrum, candelabri f., Cic: the b. of the sun, solis f., Plin.: eyes gleaming with tremulous b., oculi tremulo f. micantes, Ov. Fig.: the 6 of fame, famae f, Ov.: Quint, (in Lucr. also fulgur: v. FLASH.) 4. claritas <rare): the b. of a star, c sideris, Plin.: alsoclarltudo: Tac. 5. splendor: v. BRILLIANCY. 6. cglor (poet.): silver has no 6, nullus argento c est, Hor.: b. of wool, (vellerum) colores, Hor.: v. HUE. ||. Acuteness, cleverness, q. v. brill(aflsh): (f)psettaorpsltta: Plin. brilliancy: 1. splendor: the b. of flame, 8. flammae, Ov.: the b. of silver, s. argenti, Hor. Fig.: all the b. and splendour of these things, harum rerum s. omnis et amplltudo, Cic 2, niter (v. BRIGHTNESS, 2): the b. of o mirror, n. specuii, Plin. Fig.: b.of style, a orationis, Cic,; b. qf figurative

language, translatlonum n. Quint.: to show b. (ta writing), n. uti, Auct. Dial. de Or. 3. lumen, Inis, re. (only in fig. sense, of lustre of style): 5. of eloquence, 1. eloquentiae, Cic.: things that add b. to style, lumina sententiarum, Quint. brilliant: 1. splendldus: the b.

constellations, s. signa coeli, Lucr.: 6. eyes, s. oculi, Lucr.: a fountain more b. than glass, fons splendidior vitro, Hor. Fig.: ab. style of oratory, s. ratio dic-endi, Cic.: 6. deeds, s. facte, Hor. 2, nltens, ntis : a flower -more b. than Tyrian purple, Tyrio nitentior floo ostro, Ov. Flg.: a b. speech, n. oratio, Cic. 3, luculentus (esp. in fig. sense; v. splendid): a b. (or ace. to others, lucid) speech, 1. oratio, Sail.: a b. engagement, pulchrum et 1. proelium, PL: a b. achievement, facinus L, PL 4. praeclarus: v. F A M O U S , DISTINGUISHED.

Phr.: to prepare a b. entertainment, convivium opipare (aiv) parare, Cic; epulas apparatlssimas, Sen.: v. SPLENDID. §, fulgens, ntis: v. SHINING. Fig.: with most b., nay divine eloquence, fulgentlssimo et coelesti ore, Veil.

> be: 1, splendgo, 2: her eyes are b., oculi s., PL: Hor. Fig.: virtue is always b. of itself, virtus s. per se semper, Cic: Liv. 2, nlteo, 2: you see how b. their oratory is, iUorum vides quam niteat oratio, Cic: Hor.: v. TO BE BRIGHT, SHINE.

brilliantly: 1, splendide: to set out a banquet magnificently and 6, ornare magnifice s.que convivium, Cic.: a life honourably and 6. went, acta aetas honeste ac s, Cic: Hor. 2. (esp. of style): luculentg or -ter: it is b. said (i. e. finely), 1. dicitur, Cic.: v. LUCID.

brim: I. Rim, border: q. v.: margo. Phr.: theb. of a hat, »p!lei ora. ||, Tlie upper edge of a vessel for liquids:

1, ora: to flavour the 6. of a (medicine) cup, oras pocula circum contin-gere, Lucr.: to fill a cup io the very b., •poculum ad summam 0. implere. 2. labram (of any large vessel): to smear tlie bs of jars all round, I. dohorum cir-cumlinere, Cato: v. BRINK. Phr.: to fill a jar to the b., amphoram ad summ u m implere, Col.: v. TO FILL.

brimful: ad summum plenus, im-pletus: v. BRIM.

brimstone: suitor, Uris, re..- v. SULPHUR.

brindled: 1. discglor: v.PARTICOLOURED. 2. varlus: a b. hog, v.

porous, Petr. brine: I. A solution of salt: 1, mfirla: Hor.: Cels. 2, sal-

samentum: Cic. 3. salsura; Varr. ||. The sea: q.v.: saium: Virg.

bring: I. 2b carry to: 1, affgro, attuU, allatom, 3 (with dat. or prep.: also adv. of place whither) : b. hither goblets, affer fine scyphos, Hor.: to 6. a letter to anyone, literas ad aliqnem or alicui af., Cic. Fig.: 16. you peace, pacem ad vos affero, PL: frequent reports were brought, crebri ru-mores afferebantur, Caes.: to b. the consulship into a family, consulatum in familiam af., Cic. It sometimes means " to bring news " : the scouts brought news that everything was quiet, explora-tores attulernnt quleta omnia esse, Liv.: Caes. 2. infgro, 3 : to 5. into or to: q. v. 3, perfgro, 3 (usu. of letters, news, etc., and Implying the safe arrival of the thing at its destination): to b. a letter to anyone, literas ad aliquem p., Cic: he brought me news qf the battle, mihi nuntium proelii pertulit, Cic: the report had been brought to him, fama ad eum perlata erat, Liv. 4. apporto, 1: shellfish are brought from lUyricum, cochleae de Hlyrico apportantor, Varr.: he brought the statues to the Roman people, signa populo K, apportevit, Cie. 5, advgho, xi, ctum, 3: tob. corn to Rome, frumentum Romam ad, Cic.: v. TO CONVEY. (Ad-veho and apporto are esp. used of things not to be carried in the hand.) ||. To

cause to come to: 1, affgro, 3 (with dot. or absol.): winter bs snows, bruma nives af, Lucr. Fig.: to 6. a man grief, alicui aegritudinem af, Ter.: Cic: v. T O CAUSE, OCCASION. 2,

adduco, duxi, ductum, 3 (Ut. to lead to .' usu. foil, by prep): we usually b. physicians to Hie side, ad aegros medicos solemus ad, Cic: Hor. F1 g.: to 6. a mam into extreme danger, hominem in discrlmen extremum ad, Cic 3. de-porto, 1 (to b. home): to b. home a victorious army, victorem exercitum d, Cic: Liv. Phr.: this has brought to ruin great states, ea res magnas civitetes pessumdedit, Sail.: to b. to pass; v. T O B. A B O U T : antiquity will b. credit to the work, fidem est operi latara vetustas, Virg.: those things have brought me immortal glory, ilia immortalem glo-riam mihi dederunt, Cic: it lately brought very great honour to Milo, that he checked all the attempts of Clodius, honorl summo nuper Miloni fuit quod omnes Clodii conatus compressit, Cic: the farm unit b. a smaller price, fundus minoris venibit, Cic.: to bring an action: v. ACTION. HI, To cause to come to any state or determination: 1, dg-duco, 3 : to b. anyone to weeping and pity, aUquem ad fletum misericordiam-que d, Cic: to b. a man to the same opinion, ad eandem sententiam hominem d, Caes. 2. indiico, 3: he brouglit himself to forget that he was a father, induxit animum ut patrem esse sese oblivisoeretur, Cic.: to 6. a friend's mind to a better hope, amici animum ta spem meliorem ta, Cic: Ter.: Liv.: v. T O PREVAIL ON. 3, vgco, 1: to 6.

anyone lo grief, aUquem in luctum v, Cic.: you are b.ing Italy to ruin and devastation, Italiam ad exi ti um et vas-titatem vocas, Cic: to 6. friendship to a reckoning, amicitiam ad calculos vocare, Cic. 4, J'gdlgo, egi, actum, 3 (esp. tob. by power or authority): to b. anyone into favour again, aliquem in gra-tiam r, Ter.: to b. a man to poverty, hominem ad inopiam r, Ter.: to 6. nations into subjection to this empire, gentes in ditionem hujus imperii r, Cic. •

5, perdfico, 3 (comp. perfero, supr. I. 3): to 6. to an end, ad exitum p, Cie. bring about: 1. confido, feci)

fectum, 3: to 6. about peace, pacem c, Ter.: to 6. about a marriage, nuptias c, Ter.: to 6. about anyone's return (from exile), reditum alicui c, Cic. 2. effTcio, 3: if I b. it about, will you give me the money? si effecero, dabin' mihi argentum ? PL: to 6. about great changes, magnas rerum commutationes ef, Caes. 3, perfldo, 3 : he bs about an exchange of hostages between Hiem, obsides uti inter sese dent perficit, Caes.: Cfc. 4. concIEo, 1 (with ref. to unions): to b. about peace between citizens, pacem inter cives c, Cie.: to 6. about a marriage, nuptias c, Nep. 5. confio, 1 (implying violent action): Ter.: to 6. about a thing by shedding Hie blood of citizens, rem sanguine civili c, Lucr.

6. pervinco, vlci, victum, 3 : i. e. to carry one's point, prevail: q. v.

back: 1. rgfgro, 3: he brought the ring 5. to me, anulum ad me retulit, PI.: he orders all the corn to be brought b. to him, frumentum omne ad se referri jubet, Caes.: to 6. back scars (from the field), cicatrices domum r. Curt. Fig.: this man brought b. disgrace into his own house, hie in suam domum ignominiam retulit, Cic: these messages were brought b. to Caesar, haec Caesari mandate ret'erebantar, Caes. 2. rgdfico, 3 (usu. to be the means cf recalling) : to 6. anyone b. from exile, aliquem de exsilio r, Cic.: to 6. (back) to remembrance, in memoriam r„ Cic.: to b. back winters, hiemes r, Hor.: to 6. a man b. to his duty, hominem ad ofS-cium r, Cic. 3, rgporto, 1: v. T O C A R R Y BACK. 4. rgvgco, i (lit to call or summon b): v. T O RECALL. 5. repraesento, 1 (only fig.: to make present again; to recall vividly): to b. 95

BRING B E F O R E

back tlie anger of the gods, Iram deum r, Liv.: the sight of the temple brought b. the recollection of my consulship, tern-plum repraesentabat memoriam consulate mel, Cic. 6. rgdigo, Egi, actum, 3 (esp. of bringing b. by force): to 6. 6oc/c military discipline lo early manners, disciplinam milltarem ad priscos mores r, Liv.: he brought 6. Hie matter to the original plan, rem ad pristlnam rationem redegit, Caes.: Hor. Phr.: to 6. anyone back, aliquem reducem facere, PL bring before (call attention to): 1, defgro, 3 : the affair was brought

before the council, res ad consilium delate est, Caes. 2. rgfgro, 3 (esp. of laying a matter before the senate).- to b. a matter before the senate, rem ad sena-tum r. Sail.: the matter was again brought b, the senate, relate ex integro res ad senatam, Liv. 3. produco, 3 : to 6. anyone b. a court of law, aliquem in Judicium p , Cic Phr.: tob. a proposal before the people, legem, rem, ad populum ferre (not referre; v. supr. 2): also rogare, of measures brought before the people by tribunes : Liv.: to 6. a mare 6. the praetor, hominem in jus rapere (whereas vocare is simply to summon), Hor. • d o w n : Lit.: 1, dgfgro,

3: to b. down-a wreath from Helicon, ex Helicone coronam d, Lucr.: to b. down an army into the plains, aciem in campos d, Liv. 2. dediico, 3 : the whole cause is brought d. to this, hue universa causa deducltur, Cic: to 6. a continuous poem down from Hie first origin qf the world to my own times, prima ab origine mundi ad mea per-petuum deducere tempora carmen, Ov.

JJ.dejIcio, jeci, jectum, 3 (to bring d. forcibly; as with a blow, etc) : the bai-lista brought d. a tower, ballista turrim dejecit, Auct. B. Hisp.: to b. down an axe upon a man's head, securim in caput alicujus d, Liv.: v. also TO HUMBLE.

forth: I. To bring out: 1. prodo, didi, dltum, 3: he b.s

forth wines stored in a smoky jar, pro-dit fumoso condita vina cado, Ov.: to b. forth sighs from the breast, suspiria pectore p , Ov. 2. promo, prompsi, ipromptum, 3 (esp. of stores brought out): to 6. forth money from the treasury, pecuniam ex aerario p., Cic. So its comps. (1). dgpromo, 3: to b. forth four-year-old wine, d. quadrimum me-rum, Hor.: to b. forth money from a chest, pecuniam ex area d, Cic.: to 6. forth arguments (as from a storehouse), argumenta d, Cic. (ii). expromo, 3 : PL: to b.foith sad words, moestas ex. voces, Virg. ||. To give birth to: 1, pario, pgpgri, partum, 3 (the most frequent word) : to 6. forth children, liberos p, Cic: Ter.: tob. forth (Jay) eggs, ova-p., Cic.: v. also T O P R O D U C E . 2. enltor, nisus and nixus, 3 (referring to the labour of child-birth: chiefly used in p. part): to have brought fi, several children, plures partus enixaljn esse, Liv.: Virg. 3. gigno, ggnui, ggnl-tum, 3 (strictly of the male): to b. forth (lay) eggs, ova g,Cic: all things which the earth bs forth, omnia quae terra g, Cic. 4. edo, didi, dltum, 3 (esp. poet. and in elevated style): Latona brought f. twins, edidit geminos Latona, Ov.: Hie earth brought forth innumerable forms, tellus edidit innumeras species, Ov.: Cic.: v. aLo T O GTVE BIRTH TO,

B E A R . Ill, To yield, produce; q.v. 1. fero, 3 : my acres 6. forth corn,

jngera Cererem f., Hor.: Hiis age has brought f. an almost perfect orator, haec aetas oratorem prope perfectum tulit, Cic 2. eftero, 3 : that which the fields 5. forth, id quod agri ef., Cic: Italy has brought f. an energetic race qf men, Italia genus acre viram extulit, Virg.

forward: 1. ofrgro, 3: to b. forward charges (against some one), crimina of, Cic. 2. profgro, 3 : tob. forward anything in public, rem in 96

B R I N G O U T

medium p, Cic: to 6. forward witnesses, teste's p, Cic. 3. ag°> Hti actum, 3 (lit. to discuss, q. v.): tlie subject is not afterwards 6. forward in the senate, in senatu postea causa non agitur, Cic. 4. rgfgro, 3: esp. with reference to the senate: v. also T O

BRING BEFORE, FORTH. bring in or into: I. To carry

in: 1. infgro, 3 (with dot. or prep) -. to b. ladders to the walls, scalas ad moenia in, Liv.: to 6. spoils into a temple, spolia templo in, Liv.: to 6. ire false accounts, rationes falsas In, Cic.: to 6, anything into account, aliquid ration'-bus in. Col. 2. importo, 1: lie prevented supplies from being brought into the town, commeatus importari in oppidum prohibebat, Caes. 3, invgho, vexl, vectum, 3 (this and the preceding word of things not brought on the person) : to 6. money into the treasury, in aerarium pecuniam in., Cic.: to b. in the com crops, frumenta in, PUn.: wealth has brought in avarice, divitiae avaritiam tavexerunt, Liv. 4. in-duco, 3 (to b. in: usu. with prep): to b. Hie accused into the senate house, reos in curiam in. Suet.: to b. the sea by a trench to the city, mare fossa urbi in., Suet. Fig.: to 6. discord into a state, discordiam in civitatem in, Cic.: to 6. money into account, pecuniam in rationem in., Cic. ||, To yield, produce, q. v. 1, eff Icio, 3 : vineyards b. in 100 sestertii per acre, vineae centenos ses-tertios in singula jugera ef, CoL : Cic

2, reddo, didi, dltum, 3: the farms b. in produce, fructam praedia r, Ter.

off: esp. from a field of battle: rgfgro, 3 (lit. to b. back: q. v.); to b, an image off from the field, simulacrum ex acie r., Curt.: v. T O SAVE, RESCUE.

on or upon: 1, afiiSi-o, 3: nothing shall hereafter b. grief upon me, nulla resposthac ml aegritudinem afferet, Ter. 2. infgro, 3 (esp. of hostile action): to 6. u'ar upon the R. people, populo R. bellum in, Caes.: to 6. infamy upon the good, infamiam bonis in, Cic. 3. apporto, 1: he does not know how much loss the little gain may b. upon him, ilie haud scit paulum lucri quantum el damni apportet, Ter,

4. importo, 1: tob. on painful illnesses, morbos acerbos im, Cic: to 6. a misfortune upon anyone, calamitatem alicui im, Cic: Phaedr. 5. adduco, 3: tob. on fevers, febres ad, Hor. 6. indtico, 3 : the icinds which b. cm cloudy weatlier, venti qui nubilum in, Plin.

7, conscisco, scivi, scitum, 3 (of what is voluntarily Incurred) : to 6. death upon oneself, i. e. to commit suicide, sibi mortem c, Caes.: Cic.: to 6, ore blindness, caecitatem sibi c, Gell. 10,17. 8. contraho, traxi, tractum, 3 (of bringing persons or things together : q. v.): I have brought trouble on myself, mihi negotium contraxi, Cic.: to b. on. a contest, certamen c, Liv.

9. objiclo, jeci, jectum, 3: to 6. a panic upon the enemy, terrorem hosti ob, Liv.: Cic: Virg.

out: I, To carry out, cause to come out: 1, effgro, 3 : tob. out money, argentum ef, PL: tob. a child out of doors, puerum extra aedes ef, Ter. 2. profgro, 3: to 6. aims out from a town, arma ex oppido p., Caes. : Cic 3, produco, 3: he brought out Roman laiights on the stage, equites R. produxit in scenam, Suet. 4. eliclo, llctti, llcltum, 3 (of that which is brought out with effort or contrivance) : to b. out iron from hollow places in the earth, e cavernis terrae ferrum e, Cic: to 6. out words from the bottom of one's breast, voces pectore ab imo e, Lucr..- v. T O ELICIT. 5, exclo, 4 (to summon forth): to 6. out souls from the tombs, animas sepulcris ex., Virg.: to b. the consul out of the city, consulem ab nrbe ex, Liv. Phr.: Ae brought out tlie veins, i. e. represented them in relief in paintings, venas protulit, Plin. ||, To publish: q.v. Phr.: to 6.

B R I S K L Y

out a play, fabulam dare or docerc Ter.: Cic: Hor. ' bring over: |, To carry or cam

to come across: 1, perduco, 3: j, brought all the ships over in safety omnes Ineolumes naves perduxit, Cats

2. tradfico, 3: to6. a kingoverinto Europe, regem in Europam t., Liv • Caes. ||. To induce to agree with-

1. conclllo, 1: to b. over legions to one's side, legiones sibi c, Cic.: Tac,

_ 2. perduco, 3: to 6. over cmyone to one's opinion, aliquem ad suam sententiam p., Cic. 3, traduce, 3 -. he brought me over to his opinion, traduxlt me ai suam sententiam, Cic

to (naut. 1.1): 1, appello, pull, pulsum, 3 (with occ, abl, or absol.): the Persians had brought their fleet to at Delos, Persae classem ad1

Delum appulerant, Cic.: he had brouglit to at Rhegiwm in a merchant vessel, Rhegium oneraria nave appulerat,Suet.: they brought to at tlie island, ad insulam appulerant, Liv. 2. appllco, 1 (same constr. as 1): he brought the ships to at lleraeum, ad Heraeum naves applicuit, Liv.; they b. to land, ad terram applicant, Bell. Hisp.: what farce b.s (you) to these savage shores t quae vis immanibus applicat oris? Virg.

together: 1. eggo, colgi, coactum, 3: to 6. together ships, infantry, cavalry, naves, pedltatum, eaul-tatum c, Caes.: v. T O COLLECT. 2, contraho, xi, ctum, 3: friendship bs all things together, amicitia omnia a, Cic.: to b. together cm army, c. exercitum in unum locum, Caes.: to b, people together for a conference, homines in colloquium c, Liv.: v. TO A S S E M B L E , COLLECT. 3, compare, 1:

esp. in phr. to b. together forces, copias c, Cic. (the phrase includes the rats-ing of 'the forces as well as the concentration of them, which last is expr. by cogo or contraho: v. supr. 1, 2),

4, conggro, gessl, gestum, 3: v, T O COLLECT. Fig.: to 6. together arguments, argumenta c. Quint. 6. con-cllio, 1 (chiefly in Lucr.): partides of matter areb: ought together, corpora ma-teriai conciliantur, Lucr. Also of matrimony: v. TO M A K E A MATCH. G,

corrado: v. T O SCRAPE TOGETHEB. 7,

corrogo, 1 (i. e. to b. together by asking) : to b. together one's connexions, sues necessarios c, Cic: Liv. Phr.: to 6. lovers together, amantes inter se facere convenas, PI.

under: v. T O SUBDUE. u p ; |, To cause U> com

to: 1. subduco, 3; tob. up the trio-rii from Hie rearmost line, triarios ei postrema acie s, Liv.: tob.up the soldiers at quick march on to the hM, milites pleno gradu in. collem s., Sail.

2. cogo, coegi, actum, 3 •' hebrought up his slaves to Hie place of trial, ad judicium omnem suam familiam coegit, Caes.: the cavalry brought up the rear, equites agmen cogebant, Liv. Phr-: to 6. up the rear, agmen claudere, Caes.

||, To train up: educo, 1: v. 10

EDUCATE.

brink : margo, Inis, c.: v. msK M A R G I N . Phr.: he was brought to ut b. of the grave, * minimum abfuit ouin morte opprimeretar. briny : salsus: the 6. sea, s. aequor,

Lucr.: 6. tears, s. lacrimae, Lucr.: Virg. brisk: 1. alacer, cris, ere (lit*

and cheerful) -. they saw Catiline b. ant dieerful, videbant Catilinam a. atque laetum, Cic. 2. vgggtus (fresh, » tired) : Hie tired fought with Hie fl* and 6, fessi pugnabant cum recenUCUS et v, Liv. (But both of tee above words denote usually a higher quality than the English; implying vigour.m-terprise, spirit) Phr.: a b. gaiety wind, *venti flatus vehementior. brisket: *pectus (agninum, bo* num, etc.). T ,.„ briskly: 1. alacrlter: Jusbn. 2. streniiS: go 6. before and open the door, abi prae strenue ac aperi B *

B R I S K N E S S B R O T H B R U I S E

Ter.: Cic.: v. VIGOROUSLY. (Or expr.

by adg\ as, lie rises b. to his appointed work, vegetus praescripta ad munia sur-git, Hor.: v. BRISK.)

briskness: aiacrltas: Cic.: Caes.: v. SPIRIT, LIVELINESS.

bristle («"6s.): seta (saeta) : Cic: Ov.: Juv. bristle ("•)•* 1. horrSo, 2: his

rough legs were b.ing with thick hairs, horrebant densis nspera crura pilis, Ov.: b.ing spears, horrentes nastae, Virg.

2, horresco, hon-iii, j (begin to 6. : poet, in this sense): his arms began to b, with black feathers, brachia coeperunt nigris h. villis, Ov. 3. inhorresco, 3 : hens b. up when they have laid an egg, gallinaein.editoovo, Plin.: Virg. 4. By circuml.: setas erigere: v. BRISTLE. bristling (subs) : horror: the b. up

of the hair, comarum h, Lucan. bristly: 1. hirsutus; animals b.

with prickles, animantes spinis h, Cic.: icy winter b. with hoary looks, glacial's hlems cauos h. capillos, Ov. 2. hir-tus (poet.): rocks b. with thickets, saxa dumis b., Stat.; Ov. 3. horridus: a 6. pig, h. sus, Virg.: a 6. 5ea?a*, bar-bula h, Cic 4, setiger, gra, erum (poet.: In ?nase used as subs, for boar,

' swine).- tlie b. swine, s. sus, Lucr.: the b. herd, s. pecus, Ov. 5. setosus: Hie b. boar, s. aper, Virg.: a b. forehead, s.

: ftons, Hor.: Cels. brittle: fragllis, e: 6. boughs, f.

rami, Virg.: 6. bronze, aes f, Plin. brittleness i ftagffltas: franlcin-

' cense is tested by its b., tus probatur fragilitate, Plin.

1 broach (subs.).- vgru: v. SPIT. broac'a (v.): |. To spit: q.v.

|j. To tap, pierce: q.v. (For ordinary purposes to broach may be nearly

i enough expressed by rgllno: v. Ter. '• Heaut. 3,1,51.) HI. To utter an opi-: nion for the first time, *opinionem no-vam in medium proferre: v. T O BRING

I FORWARD.

I broad: I. wide.- -latus: o b. 1 road: 1. via, Cic: trenches 15 feet 6, fossae xv pedes 1, Caes.: 6. shoulders,

. 1. humeri, virg. Phr.: it is as b. as it ! is long, i. e. it comes to the same thing, 1 it makes no difference, eodem redit, i eodem revolvitur res; nihil interest,etc. ! ||, Extensive, vast: amplus. |||, , Of pronunciation: Phr.: ab.pronun-ciation, verborum latitude, Cic. (Vastus is more extensive in its reference than the Eng. word: v. A W K W A R D , UNCOUTH.

: The adj. Iatus appears not to occur in this sense.) |V, Open, clear: q. v. Phr.: to sleep till it is b. daylight, ad multum diem dormlre (ad medics dies dormire), Hor. V, Gross: q. v. Phr.: to frolick with rude verses and b. grins, versibus incomptis ludere, risu-que solute, Virg.: to set people on the b. grin, risu diducere rictum, Hor.: to know the difference between a b. joke and a refined one, inurbanum lepido sepouere dicto, Hor. broad-cloth: v. CLOTH.

broad-leaved: latifoiius .• the b. myrtle, I. laurus, PUn. broadly: late: v. WIDELY. Phr.:

to pronounce letters 6, literas dllatare, Cic: latitndine verborum uti: v. BROAD (HI.) broadside: Pb r.: to fire a 6, *ex

omnibus tormentis quae ad unum Iatus navis longae collocate sunt globos fer-reos simul projlcere. broad-sword: glSdius: see Tac

Agr. 36. brocade: serfcum aureo vel argenteo

filo intertextum. Phr.: dresses of 6, vestes attalicne, Prop. brocket (a deer two years old): su-

bttlo, onis, m.: Plin. brocoli: brassica oleracea Botrytls:

PUn. brogne (a slioe): pgro, onis, ret.:

Vlrg.: Juv. broil (tubs): rixa; v. QUARREL,

WRANGLE, FRAY. broil (v): A, T r a n s..- torreo, ui, tostum, 2: to b. meat on a gridiron,

*camem in craticula torrere: v. TO ROAST. *B. Intrans.: torrSor, tostos, 2: the middle zone b.s with Hie heat qf the sun, medius ctagulus solis ardore torretur, Cic. broiling (adj.): 1. torridus: b.

summer, jire, t. aestas, ignis, Virg.: Prop* 2. aestuosus: the 6. Syrtes (desert), a. Syrtes, Hor. broken (part, and adj.): for the

part., v. T O BREAK. Phr.: 6. down, confectus: v. W O R N OUT, DISABLED : &.-

hearted, *animo penitus fracto atque afflicto s. dejecto: to speak in b. words, infracta et amputate loqui, Cic. (cf. incondita jactare, Virg. E. 2, 5): to become b.-winded, ilia ducere, Hor.: to become decrepit and b.-down (fig.), con-senescere atque decoquere, Flor. broker: 1. interpres,prgtis: Cic.

2, cocio, onis: PL: v. AGENT, FACTOR.

brokerage : 1. Interprgtlum : A m m . 2. proxgnetlcum: Uip. bronze (SK6S.) : aes, aeris, re..- Cic.:

Virg.: b.s, i. e. worlcs of ait in 6, aera, Hor. bronze (adj.): 1. aeneus or ahe-

neus: a 6. statue, signum aeneum, Cic.: Hor.: a b. coloured beard, barba aenea, Suet. 2. aenus or ahenus (poet.): 6. statues, aena signa, Lucr.: Virg.

3. aeratas (of things partly made qf ov ornamented with 6.): b. ships, a. naves, Hor. 4. aergus: 6. horns, a. cornua, Virg.: Suet. bronze (»•)•' Phr.: to b. an iron

gate, *portee ferreae speciem aeris induce re. brooch: fibula: a gold b„ aurea f,

Virg.: Liv. brood (v): |. To sit on (as a

hen): incubo, ui, itum, 1: we allow hens to. 6. vpon the produce of other (birds), gallinas in. fetibus alienigenis patimur. Col. ||, To dwell mentally upon: 1, incubo, 1: tob. over money, pecuniae in, Cic.: to b. over gold, auro in, Virg. 2. fgveo, fbvi, fotum, 2: I b.'d upon my pi-ayers, animo mea vota fovebam, Ov.: so, in pectore f, PL 3. aglto, 1: to 6. long over a subject, rem muita cum animo a, Cic.; agitare se-cum, Ter.; cogitatione a. Quint.: v. TO CONTEMPLATE, MEDITATE ON.

brood (subs.) -. |, All the young birds, etc., hatched together: 1, fe-tiira: the best b. of hens, optima galli-narum f, Plin. 2. nidi, orum (chiefly poet.): a chattering 6, n. loquaces, Virg.: Sen. 3. fgtus, us: the b. of honey-making bees, f. melliferarum apium, Ov. |], Offspring, progeny:

1, fetus,tis: le'io/earst'ieb.sio'iic'i. shaggy Germany brings forth? quis pavet Germania quos horrida parturit fetus ? Hor. 2. gens, gentis, /.: the Clodian b, Clod'ana g, Cic 3. partus, us: earth mourns for her b. (of giants), terra maeret partus (suos), Hor. brood (adj.): Phr.: b. mares,

equae feturae habiles (cf. Virg. G. 3, 62). brooding (tubs.): _ 1. inciibalio;

Plin. 2. incubltus, us: Plin. brook (subs): 1, rivus: Caesar

had diverted the course of all tlie rivers and bs, omnia flnmina atque omnes r. Caesar averterat, Caes.: icy b.s, gelidl r, Hor. Dimin., riviilus, a small b„ Prad. 2. amnlcnlus: Liv. brook (v): fgro, 3 : v. TO ENDURE,

PUT UP WITH. broom (a plant) .- 1. ggnista

(Spanish 6., *Spartium junceum, Linn, and dyers 6., *genista tinctoria, Linn.): Vlrg.. Plin. 2. spartum: Plin. broom (a domestic implement):

scBpae, arum (prop, twigs) : Cic.: Hor. broom-rape (a plant).- SrSbanche,

es: Plin. broom-stick: *scoparum manu

brium. broth: jus, juris, n.: black b, nig

rum j, Cic.: PL: mutton b,jus ovillum, Cels.: veal*>'.,j.vitulinura,Cels. Phr.: the same thing made into b. is more H

nourishing titan when roasted, res eatleni magis alit jurulenta quam assa, Cels. brothel: 1. lustra, orum, re. pi.:

PI.: Cic 2. * lfipanar, aris, re. : Quint, 3. gangum: PL: Ter. 4, ganga: Cic: Liv. g, fornix, Icisj m.: Hor.: Juv. 6. stabulum (=pro-stlbBlum): prop, a place of sole or hire: PL: Cic brother: frater, tris: twin bs, f. ge-

mini, Cic.; f. gemelli, Ov.: uterine bs, f. uterini, Cod. Just.: o full 6, (i. e. having the same parents, or at least the same father), germanus frater, Ter.: Cic: sometimes germanus alone has this sense: Ter.: Virg.: Hie Aedui have many a time been called bs and kinsmen by the senate, Aedui f. consan-guineique saepenumero a senatu appel-lati sunt, Caes. Dimin.: fraterciilus, a little or dear b.: Cic.: Juv. A b.-in-law (husband's 6.), levir, Iri: Dig,: Non.: sororis maritus (sister's husband) : Cic Phr.: to act, love, like a brother, finterne facere, amare, Cic.: v. BROTHERLY. brother's (adj.) : fraternus: the

guilt of a b.'s murder, scelus fraternae necis, Hor.: envy against one's b.,ira-terna invidia, Sail.: v. BROTHERLY. brotherhood: I. The relation

ship of brothers : 1, germanltas (comp.BROTHER): Cic: Liv. 2. fra-

tema necessltudo: Cic 3. frater -nltas: Tac (1'he latter terms are less precise.) ||, An association of men: perh. sgdalltas: v. FRATERNITY, SOCIETY.

brotherly : fraternus: b. love, amor f. Cues.: Cic: 6. souls, f. animi, Hor. Phr.: you act in a b. way, fads. fra-terne, Cic. brow: I. The eye-brow: silpercll-

ium. ||, The forehead (q. v.): frons, tis,/.: to lenit the bs, froniem contrah-ere, Cic.: to smooth the bs, f. explicare, Hor.: to smile the 6, f. ferire, Cic.: a joyful 6, laeta f, Virg.: are anxious b., solltcita f, Hor. |||. The edge of a steep place: superclllum: Hie b. of a hill, s. tumuli, Liv.: Virg. browbeat: Phr.: to 6. one's op

ponents, adversaries minaciter terrere, Cic: to 6. a, witness, testem terrere, or testem aspere incessere, Quint.: to 6. the jury, judices minis et terrore com-movere, Cic. Font. 11, 24. browbeating (subs.): mlnae: v.

MENACES ; also preceding art. brown (adj.): 1. fulvus: there

are four colours in nines, white, 6, blood-red, black, colores vinis quatuor, albus, f, sanguineus, niger, PUn.: 6. kine, f. boves, Plin.: 6. hair, f. caesaries, Virg. (Fulvus however more nearly applies to our tawny, and implies a dash of gold or yellow: whence fulva sidera, Tib.). 2. spadix, Icis: i. e. chestnut colour: q.v. 3. rubldus, (something betweenred and black.- Gell. 2, 26): PL N.B. Fuscus is not the name of a colour, but signifies only a dark, murky, hue (similarly infuscus, Col.): it may of course be applied to brown objects: v. DARK, DUSKY. Gell. remarks on the indistinctness of Latin words expressing reddish or brownish colour: I. c. brown (v.): I. To bring to a

brown, swarthy hue: cglBro, I: v. TO T A N ; SUNBURNT. ||, To brown meat in cooking: *carnes torrere donee rubido colore fiant (cf. PL Cas. 2, 5, 2). browse: 1. carpo, psi, ptam, 3 :

to 6. the grass, gjanien c, Virg. (of horses) : let us b. (I. e. -make our cattle do so) tlie cool pastures, carpamus fri-gida rura, Vlrg. 2. tondeo, tgtondi, tonsum, 2: tlie bullocks b. on the coppices, t. dumeta Juvenci, Virg.: Lucr.

3. ationdeo, di, sum, 2: the kids b. on tlie young shoots, lenera at. virgulta capellae, Virg.: v. T O NIBBLE. 4, dgpasco, pavi, pasturu, 3 : kids 6. on Hie dewy pasture, baedl roscidas herbas d, CoL: v. T O F E E D ON.

bruise (v.) •' 1. contgro, trivi, tn-tam, 3 (of things without life): Ov.: Plin.: v. T O POUND. 2. contundo, tudi, tusum, 3 ; to b. anyone with tlie

B R U I S E B U F F B U I L D I N G

fists, aliquem pugnis c, PL: to b. the breast by a blow, pectus ictu c, Ov.

3. infrlngo, Irggi, fractum, 3 : to b. one's side, Iatus in., Mor. 4. suglllo, 1 (to make black and blue) : Sen.: Plin. bruise (subs.) : 1, contuslo:

Scrib. 2. contusum: Plin. 3, sugillatlo (the mark of a b.): Plin. bruit (subs): clamor, rumor: v.

NOISE, RUMOUR.

bruit (v): chiefly in phr. to b. abroad: vulgo, 1: v. T O SPREAD, G E T ABROAD. brunette: puella fusca, subfusca,

subfuscula: v. DARK. brunt: Phr.: to sustain tlie b. of

unpopularity, molem invidiae sustinere, Cic.: to bear tlie b. of the battle, *maiii-m u m proelii impetum sustinere (Ains.); totem vim hostium experiri, sustinere. brush (subs.) : |, An instrument

for removing dust, dirt, etc. 1. pe-niculus: used for scouring fables, PI. .Men. 1, 1, 2; for cleaning boots, qui detergentur baxeae, ib. 2, 3, 40. Dimin. penicillus or -um ; are artist's 6.: Cic.: Plin. 2. scopiila (dimin. of scopae: v. BROOM) : used in pitching jars, Col. 12, 18 ; in cleaning out jars, Cato, R. R. 26. 3. muscarium (for brushing away flies): Mart. (lemm.). ||, A bushy tail: muscarium: used of a horse's tail: Veg. Vet. |||. A fray, skirmish: q. v. brush («.)•* I, To take the dirt

off: 1. detergeo, si, sum, 2: to 6. a table clean, mensam d, PL: to b. shoes, baxeas d, PL 2. extergeo, 2 (i. e. to 6. out the interior of a vessel) : Cato. Phr.: to b. out a closet, 6. the teeth, *armarium, dentes purgare: v. TO CLEANSE. ||, To sweep or touch lightly: verro, verri, versum, 3: the surface of the sands is b.'d by its tail, summae cauda verruntur arenae, Ov.: Virg. Phr.: to b. past a person, hominem praetereundo leviter terere: v. T O GRAZE, TO SWEEP. HI, To b. away, remove: Phr.: to 6. away tears, lacrimas de-tergere, Ov.: the wandering heifer b.'s off the dew, errans bucula decutit rorem, Virg. (V. To brush up: v. TO FURBISH UP, ADORN.

brushwood: 1. sarmentam (usu. pi): Caes.: Cic. 2. ramalla, ium (cut b.) : Ov.: Tac. 3. virgultum (usu. pi): virgulta and sarmenta are sometimes combined; as, Caes. B. G. 3, 18, fin. (Sarmenta are properly cuttings, prunings; virgulta twigs and brushwood generally.)

brushy: v. BUSHY, SHAGGY.

brutal: L e. inhuman, cruel, rude: 1. fgrus (i. e. wild, rude; unsoft-

ened by any influences) : no one is so b. but he may become gentle, nemo adeo f. est, ut non mitescere possit, Hor.: the Britons 6. to their guests, Britanni hos-pitibus f, Hor.: Cic.: v. WILD. 2.

agrestis, e (i. e. rude, boorish, q. v.): a b. and passionate master, dominus a. et furiosus, Cic: a 6. countenance, vultus a, Ov. 3. inhumanus: v. INHUMAN.

4. immanis, e: v. SAVAGE, CRUEL.

brutality: 1. fgrftas (savage wildness: v. B R U T A L ) : to lay aside b. (of manners), f. exuere, Ov. (of the early Romans): 6, which talces a pleasure in cruelty, f. cui volupteti saevitia est, Sea (N.B.—Not ferocitas or ferocia; which usu. signify high spirit, martial temper, etc.) 2. immanltas (savage-ness; monstrous and inhuman cruelty): in 6. of manners he surpasses the most monstrous beasts, morum immanitate vastissimas vincit beluas, Cic.: v. CRUELTY, I N H U M A N I T Y . . brutalize: effgro, 1: to b. the feelings, animos ef, Liv.: purposely to b. one's features, vultum de industria ef. Suet. Phr.: to became altogether b.d, omnem humanitatem exuere, Cic: *omnino ferum atque inhumanum fieri. brutally: Inhumane,immaniter: v. CRUELLY, BARBAROUSLY. brute (subs.): v. BEAST. Phr.: like bs, they refer everything to pleasure, pecudum ritu ad voluptatem omnia re-

ferunt, Cic.: a thorough b., *homo omnis humnnitatis expers. brute (adj.): v. IRRATIONAL, SENSE

LESS.

brutish: v. B R U T A L , SENSELESS.

bryony: bryonia: Plin.: white b., ampglgleucg, es, /.: PUn.: black b., ampglos, i,/ : Plin. bubble (subs.): |. A small watery

vesicle : 1, bulla: a transparent 6, b. pelludda, Ov. 2, pustula: to form in bs in water (of false opium), in pus-tulas (ai. pusulas) colre ta aqua, Plin.: Vitr.: v. BLISTER. ||, Anything unsubstantial or unreal: bulla: if man is a 6, much more so is an old man, si est homo b, eo magis senex, Varr. j||, A delusive scheme: v. C H E A T , DECEP

TION. Phr.: a mere b„ mera somnia! V. DREAM, FANCY.

bubble ("•) •' 1. bullo, 1, and bul-lio, 4: when the wine (boils), draw the fire from under it, ubi bullabit vinum, ignem subduclte, Cato: b.ing springs, bulllentes fontes, -Vitr. 2. (of a spring): scateo: v. T O G U S H U P . Phr.: to 6, bullas s. -pustulas emittere (cf. Vitr. 7, 2 ) ; *in pustulas quasi efflo-rescere: cf. B U B B L E (i.fin). bubbling (subs) : 1. bullltus,

us: Vitr. 2. scatebra: the b. up qf water, undae scatebra, Virg.: PUn. bucaneer: praedo, pirata: v. PIRATE. buck: 1. cervus (a wiaie stag) :

Cic.: Hor. 2, hlrcus (a male goat) : Virg.: Plin. 3. cfinlculus (a male rabbit) : Plin.: Mart. bucket: 1. hama (esp. for ex

tinguishing fires) : Juv.: Plin. 2. sltula: Pi.: Dig.: also, situlus: Cato: Vitr. 3. mOdiglus (a'b. on a water-wheel) : Vitr. buckle (subs.) : fTMIa: Liv.: Virg. buckle (v.) : fibula nectgre: v. T O

BIND.

buckle to: v- T O A P P L Y or GIRD ONESELF TO.

buckler: parma: v. SHIELD. buckram: *Unteum crassum ac rigi-

dum. buckskin: pellis cervlna: v. SKIN. buckthorn: rhamnos, i, /.: Plin.:

Veg. buckwheat: *polj'g5mim fagopy-

rum, Linn. bucolic: bucolicus: a b. poem, bu-

colicon poema, Col. bucolics: bucgfica,orum-:Ov.: thebs

of Theocritus and Virgil, bucolica Theo-criti et Virgilii, GeU. bud (subs.): 1. gemma (ea quae

g. dicitur, Cic.): the bs push themselves from the midst qf the bark, se medio trudunt de cortice g, Virg. 2, ger-men, inis, re. .• tlie b.s venture to trust themselves to the early suns, in novos soles audent se g. credere, Virg.: v. GERM. 3. calyx, yds, m. (a flower-b) : a rose-b., rosae c, Plin. 4. Scu-lus (esp. with ref. to grafting) : Virg.: Col. Phr.: to nip in the b, *aliquid immaturum occupare. bud (v.): A. Intrans.: 1,

gemmo, 1: country-people speak of vines b.ing, gemmare vites rastici dicunt, Cic: o b.irer eye, g. oculus, Col. To begin to 6, gemmasco, 3 : Col.: Plin.

2. progemmo, 1: i.e. to put forth buds: Col. 3. gemmas movere: CoL 4, 29, ad. init. 4. germlno. 1: v. T O GERMINATE. B, Trans.: of the operation of budding: 1, oculos insergre ». impongre: Virg. 2. emplastro, 1: Col. budding (subs): |, The putting forth qf buds : 1, conceptus, ns: Plin. 2. germinatlo: PUn. (or more usu. expr., by verb: v. T O B U D ) . ||. A kind of grafting: emplastratlo: Plin.: Col. budge: v. T O M O V E , STIR. budget: I. A bag, stock, store: q.v. ||, PoUt. t.t.: publicae pecuniae, accepti atque expensi ratio: v. ACCOUNT. bllff(Sw6s.): V. LEATHER. buff (adj.): lutgus: a b. mantle, 1. palla, Tib.: Hor.: v. Y E L L O W .

buffalo: bos bubalus: M. L. buffet: V.SIDEBOARD.

buffet (subs) -. col&phus: \t BLOW, buffet («•) •' |. L i t.: cMaphos in-

fringere alicui: Ter. Phr.: we were long b.'d by the winds and «a«( *ventis undisque diu jactati sumus!

||. To contend with: q.v. Phr.: the shipwrecked man buffets the waves' "naufragus fluctibus obluctatur, obnit-itur. buffoon: 1. scurra (a professional

b): PL: Cic: Hor. Phr.: to play the 6, scurrarl, Hor."; scurrillter ludere Plin. 2. sannio, onis (a kind of pantomimic jester)-• Cic 3. parasitus (a professional b. who dines out for the amusement of guests): PI.: Cic. \t baiatro, onis: Hor. buffoonery: 1. scurrllltas: Quint:

Tac. 2. scurrllis Jgcus: Cic Phr.: to practise 6, scurrarl: v. BUFFOOH (I), buffoon-like : scurrilis, e: Ctc.:

Quint.: v. SCURRILOUS.

bug1: clmex, Ids, m.: Hor.: Plin. bug-bear: 1. terrleiila: anempty

6, cassa t., Afran. ap. Non.: Lad, Also terricula, orum: Liv.: v. INTIMIDATION. 2. terrlculamentum: bsof grave-yards, t. sepulcrorum, ApuL 8, lormldamen, inis, re.: Apul. (cf. Hor, S. 1, 8, 4). P hr.: to frighten children with bs, *liberis vanos terrores incut-ere: vanis pavoribus terrere. bugle: I. A hunter's horn: biic-

clna: V.HORN. ||, A bead: q.v. bugloss (aplant): buglossos, i,in.:

Plin. (*echium vulgare: M. L.). build: 1. aedlflco, 1; to 5, 0

house, domum aed, Cic. -. tob.a dty, urbem aed, Cic.: to 6. a ship, navem aed, Caes.: to 6. more carefully, aim-ratius aed, Caes.: he puds dom, he builds, diruit, aedificat, Hor. Compounds, (i).exaedifico, 1 (tofiniihovM-ing): tob.a toum, oppidum ex, Caes.: to finish b.ing the Capitol, Capitollnta ex, Cic (ii). Inaedlflco, 1 (to b. mor over): fortifications built upon tk walls, inaedificata inmuris moenia, Cic: to b. upon a place, locum in, Scaev,

2. struo, straxi, structum, 3 (prop, to heap, pile up: q. v.): to 6. mill, moenia s, Virg.: to 6. houses, domos s„ Hor. Comps. (i). construo, 3: birds b, nests for themselves, aves sibi nidos c, Cic (ii). extruo, 3 (b.up): Fig.: Plato selected an unoccupied spot in which he might b. up a state according to his own fancy, Plato aream sibi sumpsit in qua civitatem exstrueret arbitratu suo, Cic. (iii). obstruo, 3 (»• before): to b. a strong wall in front, validum murum ob, Liv. (iv). sub-struo, 3 (6. beneath or at the Mfom): to 6. a foundation, fundamentum s, PI.: tob. the Capitol at the bottom iritt hewn stone, Capitolium saxo quadrate- s., Liv. 3. condo, didi, dltum, i (Ut to put together): to b. an altar, aram c, Liv.: to 6. a tomb, sepulcrum c,Hor.: to b. walls, moenia c. Just: v. TO FOU N D . 4. diico, duxi, ductum, j: (esp. of what has length as its principal dimension): to 6. walls, niuros d, Csa,: Hor. (cf. the phrase, " to carry a w w V to 6. an arch, arcum d., Ov. 5. m°" Uor, 4 (implying effort, labour): foj-walls, muros m , Virg.: to b. a fleet, classem m , Virg. 6. texo,xui,xtum, 3 (prop to weave: hence of what K composed of flexible materials): to o. ships qf oak, robore naves t, Virg-'• * 6. nests, nidos t. Quint. Phr.: tob.a bridge, pontem facere: v. BRIDGE : »»• cells (of bees), favos fingere,Cic ?'*!•• to 6. upon any one, alicui confidere, B aliquo spem omnem collocare, in aUquem ponere, Cic: you are b.ing castia in the air, spes pascis lnanes, vlrg" to 6. upon sand (fig.), fundamenta in aqua ponere, Cic: v.TO COKSTBUCI, ERECT. __„ u p o n (Bg-): v- T0 Braa (fin), TRUST TO. „, builder: 1. aedlUcator: « 2, structor: Cic. . building: I. Tlie act of 0.: i~

B U L B B U O Y A N C Y B U R G L A R Y

aedUicatlo: Cic 2. exstructlo: Cic: Vitr. (or expr. by verb: v. T O BUILD).

||, A structure: 1. aediflctum: Cic: Liv.: Caes. 2. aedlficatio /rare): Cic Dimin., aediflcatluncula: Cic 3. tectum (a dwelling): Caes.: Cic: bs in good repair, sarta tecta, Cic (legal phr.). bulb: 1. bulbus: PUn. 2,

•bulbulus (a small b) : Pall. bulbous: 1. bulbacgus: Plin. 2, bulbosus: Plin.

bUlge (S«6S.) : V. PROTUBERANCE. bulge out (v.) •' tumeo, tumesco:

-T. TO SWELL OUT. bulk: I. Lit.: magnltudo,moles. ||, The greater part. Phr.: theb,

qf the people, major pars populi, Cic: the 6. of men, maxima pars hominum, Hor.t the b.of the nobles, pleraque no-bilitas. Sail.: the b. of us avoid labour, laborem plerique fugimus, Cic |||, A projecting part of a building: v. PROJECTION.

bulk-head: "septum navale ;'or septum quo navis alveus dividitnr. bulky: ingens, praegrandis; Bbesns:

V. BIG, CORPULENT. bull (subs): |. The animal: tau-

rus, Cic: Virg. Adj.: of or belonging to a 6, taurinus: Ov.: Virg.: also taurgus, Virg. ||, The constellation so called: 1, taurus: tae Tyrian b„ Tyrius t. Mart.; so, t. Agenoreus, Ov.: Cic. 2. bos, bfivis, m.; Germ. 1||, An absurd blunder: Phr.: to perpetrate bs, *ri-• licula atque inter se contraria dicere: V. CONTRADICTORY. IV. A Pope's rescript: 1. diploma summi Ponti-fids: Labbe, Concil. 2. *Uterae signo Pontificis Roman! impressae (Kr. and G.). 3. bulla (prop, the seal: bulla plumbea: v. Du Cange, s. v.): Labbe: Calvin, (with or without Papae). bull-baiting: Phr.: the practice

of b. has become extinct, "obsolevit lusus quo taurus immissis canibus irri-tari atque agitari solebat. bull-dog : *canls Molossus, Linn. bull's-eye: I. A thick circular piece

of glass: "vitreus globus. ||. The centre of a target: P h r.: to hit the b., *scopum medium ferire, or, tauri •quem dicunt oculum ferire.

bullet: glans (plumbea): to skirmish ivith bs or stones, eminus glande aut Iapidibus pugnare, Sail.: Liv. bulletin: Ubellus: v. BILL, ADVER

TISEMENT. (It may in some cases be expr. by nuntius: cf. Hor. Od. 4, 4, 69: Karthagini jam non ego nuntios mittam superbos) bull-fight: "taurgmSchla (Gr. raw

pofiox'n): Phr.: to see 0 6 , *pugnam hominum cum tauro (tauris) composi-torum spectare. bull-finch: pyrrhula: M.L. bull-frog: "ranaocellata: M.L. bullion: 1. aurum argentumve

infectom: cf. Liv. 34, 10: (not aurum rude, which might mean gold-ore). 2. massa: v. MASS.

bullock: 1. tauras castratus. 2. Jivencus (a young b.): Virg.:

v. ox. bully (subs.): homo procax; or per

haps, homo procax ore, Tac H. 2, 23; or procax in lacessendo, Cic. Fam. 7, 13: Thraso alter (after the miles glo-riosus in Ter. Eun.): *minis colaphls-que promptior quam aequum est. bully (v.): prgcaciter lacesso, Ivi,

Itum, 3 : v. TO BROWBEAT. bulrush! 1. Bcirpus: Ter.: Plin. 2. juncus: Ov.: Plin.

bulwark: I. A fortification: q.v. 1, munimentum, moenia: v. FORTIFICATIONS. 2. propugnacfilum:

they connect the bridges and the bs, pontes etp. Jungnnt, Virg.: Cic ||. Any means qf defence: 1. propug-nacllum : the bs of tranquillity, p. tranquillitatis, Cic. 2, arx, arcis,/.-this city is the b. of all nations, haec urbs arx est omnium gentium, Cic: Philip regarded that city asab. against the Grecian states, earn urbem pro arce

habuit PhiUppus adversns Graeciae civi-tates, Liv. 3. claustra, oram: the bs of Egypt, c Aegypti, Liv.: ab. of mountains, montlnm claustra, Tac

4. agger, gris, m..- Alpine bs, a. Alpini, Virg.: Sen.: v. DEFENCE. |||, That part of Hie side of a ship which is higher than the deck: moenia, Ium: the bs of a ship, moenia navis, Ov. b u m p (SM6S.): |. A swelling:

q. v.: tuber, gris, re.: his whole head is one b. with blows, colaphis tuber est totum caput, Ter.: Plin. ||, Athump: Phr.: to come with a b. against the door, *se ad fores cum sonitu impin-gere; fores caplte, toto corpore, tundere. b u m p (v.) •• offendere, Impingere In

aliquid: v. TO KNOCK, T H U M P .

bumper: Phr.: a6. cfwine,*po-culum ad summum impletum; poculum mero impletum: v. cup. bumpkin: rusticus: Cic: Hor.: v.

BOOB. bun: Ubum, plBcenta: v. CAKE. bunch: \.A protuberance, hunch:

q. v. ||, A cluster qf fruit: race-mus, fiva: v. CLUSTER. ||), A number of things connected together: v. BUNDLE. Phr.: o b. of keys, *claves in anulo snspensae: a b. of flowers, fasciculus, CiC. : V. NOSEGAY. bundle (subs.): 1, fascis, is, ro. :

6.s o/ twigs, f. virgultoram, Hirt.: 6.s o/ sticks, f. lignorum, Tac : / will relieve you of this 6, ego hoc te f. Ievabo, Virg.; fasciculus, a small b.: a b. of letters, f. epistolarum, Cic..- Hor. 2, manlpulus (a b. of straw, etc.): Varr.: Virg. 3. sarcina (a wallet, knapsack) -. PL : Hor.: v. B A G G A G E : sarcinula, a

small 6. of the kind: Cat.: Plin. Phr.: ire bs, fasciatim or fasceatim (v. rare), Quint. I, 4, 20: (perh. better expr. by per fasces singulos, or in fasces, fasci-culos). bundle out C».): colloq.: foras ex-

torbare, extrudere: v. T O TURN OUT. bung (subs): 1, cortex, Icis, m.

and /. (a cork of any kind): Cato: Hor. 2. obturamentum (gen. term for the stopper of casks, ete.): Plin.

8. ob turaculum: (=foregoing): Marc Emp. bung (v): cortice obturo, or simply

obturo: v. TO FASTEN UP.

bung-hole: "locus obturamentl; or simply, foramen: v. HOLE. bungle (v): A. Trans.: Phr.:

to 6. a business, *rem lnscite gerere; negotium corrumpere: v. UNSKILFULLY, and TO MAR, SPOIL. B. Intrans.: in-

sdte agere; (turpiter) labi, errare: v. T O BLUNDER. bungle (subs): "insc'tam (tasdte)

factum: v. UNSKILFUL.

bungler: 1. homo rfidls, or simply, rudis (strictly denoting absence of culture) : was I such ab.? so ignorant of affairs, tam eram r, ? tam ignarus rerum ? Cic. 2. impgritus: v. UNSKIL

FUL, and foil. art. bungling (adj): impSritas, insci-

tus; laevus: v. UNSKILFUL.

bunglingly: infabre, inscltg: v. UKSKTUfULLY. bunting (a bird): anthus: Plin.:

the yellow 6., chlorlon, onis, m..- Plin. bunting (stuff for flags): "tenuis

pannus laneus ad vexillafacienda aptos. buoy (subs) : "index in freto posltus

(in summa aqua innatans, et catena des-tinatus) ad navium cursus signandos. buoy (v): I. To keep afloat:

Phr.: the sailors b.'d the vessel by attaching empty casks to its sides, *cadis vacuis ad navis latera alligandis nautee earn submergi prohibebant. ||. To fix buoys over or near to: Phr.: to b. a coast, "navium secundum oram cursus Indiclbus fiultantibus slgnare. |||, Fig,: to sustain: Phr.: b.'d up by empty hope, spe elatus lnani: v. TO SUSTAIN.

buoyancy: I. Lit: (a), of the power to float: lgvltas: v. LIGHTNESS. (6). of the power to cause to float: vis: the waters of that sea have such b. that it is impossible to tink, "ejus H 2

maris aquae tanta vis est nt in ea submergi nequeas. ||. Fig.: of the mind: hilaritas, quasi immersahilis vis animi (cf. Hor. Ep. l, z, 22): v. CHEER

FULNESS, ELASTICITY.

buoyant: I. Lit.: (a), of that which will not sink: lgvis: v. LIGHT. (6). of a fluid which bears up: "quod sustinet; quod earn vim habet ut corpora innatantia sustineat: v. T O FLOAT.

||. Fig.: of the spirits: hliaris, immersabilis (?) v. CHEERFULNESS.

bur: L e. the prickly flower of the burdock: "lappae flosculus hirsutas. Phr.: to stick lo one like a b., cf, non missuracutem nisi plena crnoris hirudo, Hor. A. P. fin. .burbot (fish) : mustela: Plin. ("lota

fluviatilis: M. L.). burden (subs) : l„ Load: gnus,

gris, re.; to support a 6, onus sustinere, PL: to remove the bs from the draught cattle, jumentis o. deponere, Caes.: Ov. Fig.: the b. of duty, officii o, Cic: to be a b. to any one, oneri esse alicui, Liv.: the b. of proof, o. proband!, Dig. Phr.: beasts qf b, jumenta oneraria, Liv.: or simplyjumenta, Caes.: ships of b., naves onerariae, Caes. ||. Taxes, pecuniary imposts (q.v.): onus: a borough weigJi-ed down by vei-y great bs, municipium maximiso.pressum,Cic. Phr.: estates which were subject to bs, praedia quae serviebant, Cic.: estates subject to bs, praedia serva, Cic: liability qf property to b.s, servltus, ntis, /.: Cic: Uip.; free from bs, immunis, Cic. III. The capacity of a ship: Phr.: a ship of 300 amphorae b, navis trecentarum amphoramm, Liv. |V. A verse repeated in a song at certain intervals: versus intercalaris: Serv. burden (i>)•* I. L i t : 1, Bnero,

i (not implying excess of load): v. T O LOAD. 2. opprlmo, pressi, pressum, 3 : to be b.'d with too much clothes, op-primi injecto multee vestis, Tae.: Cic.

3, gravo, I: mules b.'d (1. e. heavily laden) with packages, muli gravati sar-cinis, Phaedr. For burdened as adj. (onustus),v. LADEN. ||. Fig.: loop-press, overpower (q.v.): 1, Sngro, r: to b. a juryman with arguments, judicem argument's o, Cic: to 6. anyone with misfortunes, aliquem malis on., Virg.

2. opprlmo, 3 (stronger than onero): to be b.'d with a load, onere opprimi, Cic.: v. TO OPPRESS. burdensome: 1. gravis, e: a

golden cloak is b. in summer, cold in winter, aestate g. est aureum amiculum, hieme frigidum, Cic.: to some persons every period of life is 6, non null is omnis aetas g. est, Cic. 2. fingrBsus: 6. plunder, on. praeda, Virg.: a more b. lot, onerosior sors, Ov.: Plin. 3. mDlestus: v. TROURLESOME. Phr.: to

be b. to anyone, aUcui oneri esse: v. L. G.$ 297. burdock (plant) : lappa: Virg. bureau : armarium, scrinlum : v.

CLOSET, WRITING-DESK. burgess : I. The inhabitant or

freeman of a borough: munlceps, civla: v. BURGHER. ||, The representative in Parliament of a borough, pls-beius sSnator: Milt. Dcfens.: cottect-ively, plebs, id. burgher: 1. munlceps, Ipis (be

longing to a municipium or chartered town): ab. of Cosa, m. Cosanus, Cic : our fellow-b., m. noster, Cic 2. civis: v. CITIZEN. burglar: 1. perfossor parietum:

PL 2. enractaiius: Sen. 3. effractor: Paul. Dig. 4. dlrectarlus: Uip.: V. ROBBER. burglarious: Phr.: to charge any

one with the b. entry of a house, "aUquem reum facere (s. arguere) quod in domum alienam vl irruperit; domum al. effregerit: v. TO B R E A K INTO.

burglariously: more (ritu) perfos-sorum: Phr.: to enter a house 6, "in domum vi irrampere. burglary: (domus) effractura: Paul. Dig. Phr.: to commit a 6, parietes perfodere, Cic 99

B U R I A L B U R N I S H B U R S T

burial: 1. ffinns, gris, re.: to fix the price of a ft. and interment, mer-cedem fmieris ac sepulturae constltuere, Cic.: Hor. (often = death ; q. v.). 2, sBpuItflra (the act of burying): the most ancient kind of ft, nntiquissimum sepulturae genus, Cic: to give anyone 6, aliquem sepultura afficere, Cic: to be deprived of the honours of 6, honore sepulturae carere, Cic.: to claim the bodies of Hie slain for 6, corpora inter-fectorum ad s. poscere, Just. 3, ex-sgqufae: v. FUNERAL. Phr.: to be recorded in the ofiice foy the registration of bs, in rationem Libitlnae (prop, the goddess of bs, or "ier temple), venire, Suet. Ner. 39. Dunal-piace: 1, sgpulcrum (the

b.-place of an indivitlual or family): v. SEPULCHRE, 2. lOcus sepulturae: Tac : also, locus ad sepulturam: Suet.

3, sgpulcrgtuni: Cat. buried (adj) : situs: tlie remains of

Marius b. on the banks of the Arno, Marii sitae reliquiae apud Anienem, Cic.: Tib. burin : caelum: v. GRAVER. burlesque (adj. and subs.): lidlc-

Ulus : r. carmen, etc. (but this of course includes all kinds of amusing composition : Kr. and Georg. give [alter Eich-stadt"), poetae versus ad aliud quoddam idque ridioulum detorti). Phr.: a 6. of grief, and anger, and indignation, et luctus, et irae, et indlgnationis ri-dicula imitatio, Quint. 6, 2, 26. burlesque (c) : Phr.: to b. a per

son's gait, "incessum alicujus ridicule imiteri.- to 6. a poem, carmen ad aliud quoddam idemque ridk-ulum argumentum detorquere: v. subs. burletta: "drama musicum. burly: corpulentus: a fat b. fellow,

homo corpulentus et pinguis, GelL: v. STOUT, LARGE.

burn (v.): A. Trans.: I, To consume with fire: \, uro, ussi, ustum, 3 (the most general term: also used of other agencies besides fire): you shall neither bury nor b. a dead man in the city, hominem mortuum in urbe ne sepelito neve urito, xii. Tab. ap. Cic.: s'te6.s the fragrant cedar-oil for lights at night, urit odoraiam nocturna in lumina cedrum, Virg.: to 6. ships, naves ur, Hor.: to ft. cities, urbes ur, Tac So the compounds of uro; (i.) aduro, 3 (to b. on the surface or partially) : to b. a person's clothes, alicujus vestimenta a., Liv.: to b. (singe off) anyone's beard or Aoii-, alicui barbam, capillum a., Cic.: v. TO SINGE, (ii.) amburo, j (to b. all round; over the entire surface): the burnt body of Hercules, Herculis ambustum corpus, Cic: to restore a theatre that has been burnt (gutted), tbeatrum ambustum restituere, Suet. (Ui.) pgruro, 3 (rare: interns.): v. TO BURN ur. (iv.) comburo, 3 (stronger than uro: to burn completely: burn up: q. v.): to b. anyone alive, aliquem vivum c, Cic: Caes. (v.) exuro, 3 (== comburo): Tie was burnt alive in his own house, domi suae vivus ex-ustus est, Cic: v. also T O FURN .UP, D O W N . 2. crgmo, 1 (to b. to asAes, completely to destroy by fire: Habicht, } 15): to 6. and destroy a city, c et diruere urbem, Liv.; to b. ships, c. naves, Liv.: the most regular word to denote the cremation of a corpse : Sulla wished his body io be burnt by fire, Sulla igni voluit cremarl, Cic So its comp. concrgmo, which is stronger: they threatened to b. them alii-e, vivos igni concrematuros minabantur, Liv.; to 6. a city with lire (reduce it to ashes) urbem igni c, Liv. 3, incendo, di, sum, 3 (strictly, to set on fire) : v. TO FIRE : to b. incense and perfumes, tus et odores in, Cic..- Virg. 4, in-flammo, 1: v. TO FIRE, KINDLE. ' ||

To a.ffect or injure by fire or heat: j' aduro, 3 (v. supr. 1. i.) : Hie philosopher's in India submit to be (partially, in the extremities or skin) burnt without groaning, in India sapientes sine gem-ita aduruutur, Cic.: burnt bread, 100

panis adustus, Hor. 2. torreo, ui, tostum, 2: to be burnt with flame, flamma torreri, Cic: v. T O SCORCH.

3, amburo, ; (v. supr. 1, ii.): to b. tlie throat (of hot fond or drink), gut-turem (i. e. guttur) a., PL : v. TO SINGE.

4. cgquo, coxl, coctum, 3 •' v. TO B A K E : v. also, SUNBURNT. Phr.: a

burnt child dreads the fire, "refugit Igneni puer qui semel adustus est. B, Intrans.: |, To be on fire; 1, ardeo, arsi, arsum, 2: Tac.: Vlrg.: v. FIKE, TO BE ON. 2. flag™, I : V. TO BLAZE. ||, To be inflamed with passion: 1, ardeo, 2: tob. with grief and anger, dolore et ira a, Cic.: to 6. with love, amore a, Ter.: to 6. for love qf anyone, aliquam a, Hor. (or with abl. al.); in aliqua a, Ov. 2. flagro, 1: to 6. with desire and madness, cupiditate atque amentia f, Cic (a sironger expr. than ardere). 3. aestiio, 1 (prop, to boil, be agitated): to b. with desire, cupiditate a, Cic.: v. TO B E IN

FLAMED.

burn at the end: praenro, 3: stakes burnt (and so hardened) at the end, praeustee sudes, Caes.: fl spear b, at the point, haste praeusla, Liv.

down: 1. d6u.ro, 3 : to b. down a village, yicum d, Liv,: to 6. down the parapets of towers, pluteos turrium d„ Caes. 2, exuro, 3 : to 6. down villages (completely), vicos ex, Cic: v. TO B U K N up. 3. I" pass, to be burnt doun.- dgflagro, 1: the temple of Diana was burnt down, Dianae tem-plum deflagravit, Cic : Liv.

in: I- e. fasten in marks or colours by burning : Iniiro, 3 : toft, ire pictures (of encaustic painting), pic-turas in, Plin. Ksp. of fixing a brand of infamy upon any one, alicui notam turpitudinis m , Cic.: to 6. in marks of indelible infamy, aeternas alicujus memoriae in. notas. Veil, (of Cicero's invectives against Antony) : v. TO BRAND.

out: A. Trans.: exuro, J : Fig.: the wickedness ingrained in others is burnt out by fire, aliis infectum scelus exuritur Igni, Vlrg. B, Intrans.: to go out, expire: extinguor, 3 : v. T O BE EXTINGUISHED. Fig.: your resentments may burn out, deflagrare irae vestrae possunt, Cic.

UP: L e. burn completely: \, concrgmo, 1: two ships were burnt up by a stroke of lightning, duae naves fulminis ictu concrt-matae sunt, Liv. (cf. simple verb). 2. exuro, 3 : v. T O BURN, DRY UP. 3. comburo, 3 : to b. up corn, frumentum c, Caes. 4. pgruro, 3 : Lucr. 5, In Pass, to be burnt up: conflagro, 1 : the world must needs be burnt up by such heats, confla-grare terras necesse est tends ardoribus, Cic. burn (subs.): 1, adustio (are ex-

ternalb.: v. T O BURN, i,i.): Plin.: also, adusta, orum, Cels. 2. ambustum (a singeing or scorcliing): Plin.: also, am-bustlo: Plin. 3. combustum (a b. in general): Plin. 4. Inusta, orum: Plin. burnt, half: semiustus : v. HALF-

BUIiNT. burner (of dead bodies): 1, ustor:

Cic.: Cat. 2. bustuarlus: Aram. burning (adj.): 1, ardens, entis:

a b. zone, zona a, Ov.: the b. pain qf a wound, vulneris a. dolor, Lucr.: 6. ava. rice, avarltia a, Cic: v. FIERY. 2, fervens, entis: a b. wound, f. vulnus] Ov.: v. INFLAMED.

burning (subs.): 1, ustlo (cautery) : Cels.: Plin. 2. adustio (v. BURN, subs): Plin. 3, deflagratio (a 6. up): the b. up cf heaven and earth, coeli atque terrarum d, Cic.: v. CONFLAGRATION. burning-glass: 1, spgculum

comburens (only applicable to mirror-b.s) • Bacon, Nov. Org. 2, r3, 28. 2. "vitnim causticum: scient t. t. (Kr* and G.). burnish (v.).- pgllo, 4: tob.statues, signa p., Lucr.: PUn.: v. TO POLISH. burnish (subs.) -• v, GLOSS, LUSTRE.

burnt-offering: hostia,victims: v. VICTIM, OFFERING, Phr.; a whole I

hoIScaustum: Prud. bur-reed: eparganlon: Plin, burrow (subs.) -. cfinlcaias (prop, 0

rabbit: hence of such subterranean passages as those animals construct)' to malce bs underground, c sub terra facere, Varr.; Plin. Phr.: to make bs sub terris ponere domoti, fodere cubilia' Virg. G. 1,183: moles always live in bs, talpae semper defossae vivunt, Plin, burrow (*.)•• sub terra CUD'CUIOS

facere, etc. (v. preceding art.). burrowing (adj.): subterranlus: l.

mice, s. mures, Sen.: a 6. animal, B. animal, Plin. bursar: I. Treasurer-, q.v. |J

The holder cf a buriary: "bursarius', M.L. ("Bursarii quibus ex bursa sti-pendia praestantur:" Du Cange, s. v.). burst (v.): A. Trans.: 1,

rumpo, rupi, rapium, 3; the.force of the wind is unable to b. thecumciuan. quit vis venti r. nnbem, Lucr.: to b. fetters, vincula r, Cic: Virg.: Prop,; tlie water strives to b. Hie lead, aqua tendit r. plumbum, Hor. 2, dirumpo, 3 (6. asunder): the winds b. asunder tlie thinnest part qf the cloud, venti nu-bis tenuissimam partem d, Cic 3, displodo, plgsum, 3 (to b. uitha noise': rare and usu. in perf. part): Lucr.: a b. bladder, displosa vesica, Hor. 4. diffindo, fldl, fissum, 3.- v. TO Bratsr ASUNDER. B. Intrans.: 1, Expr. by refi. of verbs given under (A): as, (i.) rumpor: inflated vesicles b„ irraatae vesiculae rumpuntur, Cic: the snake bs in the meadou s, in pratis rurnpitur anguis, Virg. Fig.: to 6e king wan-anger, ira rumpi, Hor.: (ii.) dirnmpor; to be b.ing with grief, dirumpl dolore, Cic: to 6. with laughter, m u d,, Apul,: (iii.) findor: snalces 6, finduntur an-gues, Ov. F i g.: my heart is hing,« meum f, PL 2. disslllo, ii, 4 (lo spring asunder: q. v.): the rocksb.uitli the hot vapour, d. ferventl saxa vapore, Lucr.: Virg. Fig.; to 6. with laughta; risu d. Sen.

forth or out (intr): 1. grumpo, 3 (sometimes with pron. reflect.) : to b. forth from, a camp, ax castris e, Caes.: they b. forth from Ungates, portls se foras e, Caes.: fires b. out from the top of Etna, ignes as Aetnae vertice e, Virg. Fig.: hisrage ft. forth, furor erupit, Cic: his pamm b. out against the ships, in nanes ira-cundia erupit, Caes. 2. prorumpo, 3: Hiey 6. out through tlie centre, per medios proruperunt, Caes.: to b. out from the gates, portis p, Tac.: the tears, long restrained, b. forth, diu cohiMtae lacrimae proruperunt, Plin. 3. Pi5-sflio, 4 (to stari out): tears 6. forth, p. lacrimae, Hart. Phr.: to h out laughing, cachinnum tollere, Cic. (v. T O L A U G H ) ; ta cachinnoseffundi,Suet: v. also, TO BURST (B. I): v. TO BB.UK

OUT. into! irrumpo, 3 : *> 6. into

a house, ta aedes ir, PI.: Caes.: v. 10 B R E A K IN. Phr.: she perceived that her countrymen were b.ing into tears, sensit lacrimas effundere cives, Lucr.: the senators b. into tears, Patres in lacrimas effundi, Tac: also, Iacrimis ef-fundi, Virg.

open: v. T O BREAK OPEN.

upon: Phr.: a dreadftdtry b. upon their ears, "clamor horrlBcus aures invasit: ai length the long-unslm for shore b.s upon their sight, "tandem exoptata oculis objicitur ora (cf. Virg-A. 2, 200): what a spectacle all at mobs upon tlie view, "ecce, quantum spec-taculum se oculis pandit!

through: perrnmpo, 3: « b. through the midst of theenmy.V1* medios hostes p, Caes.: to 6. ft«8# Acheron, Acheronta p, Hor. burst (subs): Phr.: a 6. of ap

plause, clamores: v. ACCLAMATIOI*: » 6. of indignation, iracundiae impetus: v. FIT ; b.s of eloquence, fulmina©: cf. Cic. Or. 6, 21.

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B U R S T I N G F O R T H B U S T L E B U T

bursting forth (subs.) : eraptlo : PUn. buTK: I. To inter a corpse: 1,

sgpgifo, ivi, and Ii, sgpnltnm, 4 (the most usual term; including all modes of sepulture): arise and b. your son, surge et sepeli natum, Cic.: to b. bodies, corpora s, Liv.: to b. bones, ossa s, Ov. 2. humo, 1 (to b. ire the ground; but also In gen. to inter): to b. a dead man, mortuum h, Cic: Virg.: to be revered with earth and b.'d, obrutos terra hnmari, Plin. 3. condo, didi, dltum, 3 (prop, to store away; hence, with some qualifying word) : to b. the dead in a tomb, mortuos sepulcro c, Cic: tob. the bones qf a parent in Hie earth, ossa parentis terra c, Virg. 4. •effgro, extiiU, elatum, 3 (lit. to carry out; 1. e. to attend to the grave) : Max-imus b.'d his son who had been consul, Maximus extullt filium consularem, <3ic: Hor. 5. pono, piisui, pgsltum, 3 (to place; chiefly poet, and ta epitaphs): Lucr : Vlrg. 6. compono, 3: I have b.'d all my relations, cognates flmnes composui, Hor.: Tac 7. de-fgdlo, lbdi, fossum, 3 (prob. never cf proper interment): tob. a slain guest, hospitem necatum d, PL: to 6. a festal virgin alive, Vestalem vivam d, Plin. Ep. (cf. Ov. M. 4, 2)9). 8. in-fgdlo, 3 (similar to No. 7): to 6. bodies in Hie earth, corpora terrae in, Virg.: Sep. 9. contggo, texi, tectum, 3 (to couer): to 6. rAosc 10/10 liod fallen in battle in one grave, qui in acie cecide-rant eos uno tumulo c, Liv.: Ov. Phr.: Simonides seemed to be warned by the man whom he had b.'d, Simonides moneri visus est ab eo quem sepultura affecerat, Cic ||, To cover or overwhelm: 1, obriio, ui, Utum,3 : tob. a treasure, tbesaurum ob, Cic: to 6. lupine-seed, lupinum ob. Col.: night bs the earth in shadows, terram nox obruit urnbris, Lucr. Fig.: toft, adversity as it were in perpetual oblivion, adversa Jiuasi perpetua oblivione ob, Cic.: v. TO OVERWHELM. 2. SgpSUo, 4 (fig.):

iliese things were b.'d in Hie lap of your consulship, haec sunt in gremio sepulta consulatus till, Cic: they march into tlie city b.'d in sleep and wine, invadunt urbem somno vinoque sepultam, Vlrg.

3, def gdlo, 3 : to 6. a razor in the comitium, novacnlam In comitium d, Cic: Liv. 4. infgdio, 3 : the stakes were entirely buried in the earth, taleae totae in terram Infodiebantur, Caes.

5, abdo, dldf, dltum, 3 : he b.'d the sword in his side, later! abdidit ensem, Virg.: Lucr. Phr.: tob. in perpetual oblivion the remembrance qf discord, memoriam discordiae oblivione sempi-terna delere, Cic.: v. TO RLOT OUT. |||, To withdraw from public life: abdo, 3: lie 7ias b.'d himself in the heart of Macedonia, abdidit s* In intimam Mace-doniam, Cic.: / 6. myself in my library, abdo me in bibliothecam, Cic: to b. oneself in an island, se in insulam ab, Tac. bush: 1. damns (a thorny b).- a

small column not lining far above the b.s, columella non multum exstans e dermis, Cic.: Vlrg. Hence, dumetum, prop, a collection qf b.s, but also used in pi. for bushes: the bullocks crop the bs, tohdent dumeta Juvenci, Vlrg.: Cic.

2, frfitex, Icis, m.: v. SHRUB. Also used for bushes: (the lion) hid him (the ats) in the b.s, contexit ilium frutice, Phaedr.; v. also, BRIAR, BRAMBLE. Phr.: you did not beat about the b., nil circuitione usus es, Ter.: what need is there for beating about the 6. ? quid opus est circuitione et amfracto ? Cic: good wine needs no b, proba merx facile emptorem reperit, PI. ("bona merx praeconlo non eget): o bird in the hand is worth two in the b, spem pretio non emo, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 11 ( = rem tacertam certa jactura non quaero). bushel: mSdfmnum or mgdlmnus (the nearest measure: about ii bushel): Cic: Nep. (N.B.—Not modlus, which was about a peck, or a quarter qf ab.

In Matt. iv. 15, however, the word is noSio! in the original, representing the Roman modius.) bushy: I. Thick, bush-like: frii-

tlcosus (shrub-like): a 6. tree, arbor f, Plin.: to become 6, frutlcor, 1: you see how b. the tree is becoming, arbor quam Iruticetur vides, Cic.: the hair becoming 6, fruticante pilo, Juv. ||. Full of bushes: 1, frutlcosns: b. shores, f. Utora, Ov. 2, diimosus: Virg.: Ov.

3. frutectosus: o 6. place, locus f, Plin. busied (adj.): occupatus, intentus,

opem dlstentus: v. EMPLOYED, ENGAGED.

busily: navlter, industrie, sedulo, ete.: v. INDUSTRIOUSLY, ACTIVELY.

business: I, Trade, calling: 1, ars, artis,/. (including all skilled work): the b. qf a sliaemdker, ars sutrina, Plin. .-the b. of a coppersmith, aeraria ars. Just.: all workmen are employed in a mean 6, opifices omnes in sordida arte versantur, Cic. 2, artlflcium (strictly the practice of an art; hence the croft itself): v. CRAFT. 3, quaestus, us applicable to any method of getting a iving, creditable or discreditable): Cic Off. 1, 42. ||, Occupation, affairs, concerns: 1, nggotlum: forensic 6, forensla n, Cic.: to manage the 6. qf a borough, n. munldpii admlnistrare, Cic: to be engaged in 6, versari in negotio, Cic.: to transact b„ n. transigere, Cic: we have finished our b, n. nostram con-fecimus, Cic.: Caes.: / wondered what 6. you had here, mirabar quid hie ne-gotit esset tibi, Ter,: they cany on their b. at their ease, suum n. gerunt oiiosi, Cic: a good man of 6, "vir negotii ger-endi peritus. Dimin. nggotlglum, little or unimportant b.: Cic. 2. res, rei, /. (L e. matter.- q. v.): he undertalces the 6, rem suscipit, Caes.: to transact b. with anyone, rem cum aliquo transigere, Cic: I liave b. with you, tecum mihi est res, Cic. 3. In such phrases as it is my, your b., etc.. expr. by neut. of possessive adj. or gen. of subs.: as, it is your b. to see what is going on., tuum est videre quid agatur, Cic.: it is the b.qfa good judge, est boni Judlcis, Cic. (v. L.G.J 266), 4. ratio (i.e. reckoning, dealings with): pecuniary 6, numaria or aeraria r, Cic.: Messala undertook the b. of the forum and Hie law-court, fori judiciique rationem Messala sus-cepit, Cic. 5. occupatlo: v. ENGAGEMENT, EMPLOYMENT. Phr.: this is your

duty, your b- (cf. supr. ?), tuum est hoc munus, tuae partes, Cic: their b. was money-getting, in qtiaestu sunt versati, Cic:. one time for 6, another for rest, aliud agendi tempus, aliud quiescendi, Cic: I have always made it my ft. to keep out of wars, ego id semper egi, ne belUs interessem, Cic: what b. is it of his wliere you are ? quid Ullus interest ubi sis? Cic: wliat ft. is that of yours, quid id refert toa? PI.: letters on 6, epistolae negotiales, Jul. Val.: 6. days, negotiosi dies, Tac: of legal b., dies fasti, Ov.: a genuine man of b„ Hermanns negotiator, Cic |||, Right (of acting): only in certain colloquial phr, as,,you had no b. to do so, "minime ita facere debu'sti, etc: v. O U G H T , RIGHT.

buskin : cothurnus : Virg.: Hor.: wearing the 6, "buslcined" (Milt), cgthurnatus: Ov.: Sen.: v.TRAGIC. bust: I. The neck and bosom of a

human being: nearest word, pectus, gris, re.; and esp. in the poets pectora: v. BOSOM : but there is no precise equivalent ||. A statue representing the b.: thgrax, acis, m.: or more precisely expressa thorace vultus imago, Treb. The term imago was, however, employed to denote the waxen b.s of distinguished ancestors which stood in the atrium of a Roman: Cic.: v. STATUE. bustard: otis,idis,/.: Plin. bustle ("•) •' 1. trgpldo, 1: v. T O B E A L A R M E D , AGITATED. 2, dlscurro, curri and cticurri, cursum, 3 (i. e. to run hiHier and thither) : the sailors b. about to their duties, d. nautae ad officla,

Petr. Impers.: they b. about io serve up supper, discurrunt ad coenam lnfer-endam, Sen. 3. festtao, 1: v. T O HURR Y .

bustle (subs). 1, festinatlo (v. H U R R Y ) : what does this great hurry and 6. mean? quid haec tan to celeritas festinatioque significat? Cic 2. trg-pidatlo: v. A L A K M , AGITATION. 3,

discursus, us (lit. running to and fro; perhaps the most exact word): Plin. Ep. Phr.: there is a 6, discurritur (v. Derft): there is an unusual 6. ire the Roman camp, in. castris Romanorani praetor consuetudinem tumnltuatur, Caes.: v. STIH, T U M U L T .

busy (adj.): 1, occupatus (i. e. employed, engaged: q. v.): I don't doubt that you were very b., non dubito quin occupatissimus fueris, Cic: 6, limes, tempora o, Cic. 2. nggotiosus (full of business): we were b. with ow own affairs, n, eramus cum nostris negotiis, PL: a 6. and troublesome employment, provincia n. et molesta, Cic.: Sail. 3, vgggtus (rare); are exceedingly b. interval of time for the husbandman, intervallum temporis vege-tissinmm agricolis, Plin. 4, Bpgrosus: the b. farmer, 0. colonus, Ov.: a b. time, tempus 0, Plin.: v. LABORIOUS, ACTIVE.

(N.B.—vegetus denotes 6ris/i", lively: operosus, fully engaged) Phr.: to 6c ft. with other peoples' affairs, in alien's negotiis detineri, Cic.: 6. idleness, in-eptl labores, Plin. Ep.: v. also, ACTIVE, OFFICIOUS.

busy (v): chiefly as reft., to ft. oneself about something: versor, 1: to ft. oneself about a mean craft, v. in arte sordida, Cic: v, T O A T T E N D TO, T A K E CARE OF.

busy-body: ardglio: Phaedr.; Mart.: V. MEDDLER.

but: I, Except: \, praeter (prep, with occ): v. DESTOE, EXCEPT.

2. nisi (only after negatives, or after questions which imply negatives) : what is natural affection but a gratefidrfeeling towards one's parents ¥ quid est pletas nisi voluntas grata in parentes? Cic.: history was nothing else but the compilation of annals, erat his-toria nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio, Cic : nothing is wanting here but songs, nihil hie nisi carmina desunt, Virg.: for no other reason but tliat, etc, non aliam ob causam nisi quod, etc., Hor. Phr.: the vineae now all but touched the walls, vineae tantum non jam in-. junctae moenibus erant, Liv.: promising all but mountains qf gold, modo non montes auri pollicens, Ter.: he was all but killed, haud multum abfuit quin interficeretur, Liv.; param abfuit quin occideretur, Cic : the last dactyl but one, dactylus proximus a postremo, Cic.

||, Only (q. v.): mgdS, tantum. Phr.: if but, dummgdo: v. PBOVTDED

T H A T : but for a time, duntaxat ad tempus, Cic.; I had but j,xst come from my villa at Arpinum, tantum quod ex Arpinati veneram, Cic: but little, pa-rum (I. e, less than should be): plenty of eloquence, but little wisdom, satis elo-quentiae, sapientlae parum, Sail.: Cic

III. Conj. denoting contrast or opposition ; 1, sgd (the most freq. equivalent of the Eng. word: it stands first in its clause): (i) denoting distinct opposition: Pausanias was a great man, but marked by contrasting features, P. vir magnus, sed varius, Nep.: Cic. Esp. after negatives: as, J am not your master, but your slave, non ego herns tibi ped servus sum, PL : Has often happens, not only to individuals, but also to most poweiful nations, id non modo singulis hominibus, sed potentis-simls populis saepe contingit, Cic. (For not only but also, v. ONLY.) (ii.) denoting limitation or correction: that is not perfect indeed, but it is tolerable, non perfectum illud quidem, sed tolerabile est, Cic. (iii.) in transitions and resumptions: but let us return to our subject, sed ad Instituto redeamus, Cic: but enough of wards: lot

B U T B U T T E R Y BY

attend to my ordei-s, sed satis verborum est; cura quae Jussi, PL: but in fact, sed enlm, enlmvero: v. IN F A C T . 2, verum (similar in force to sed: also at the beginning of its clause) : (i.) of opposition, esp. in thought: we are inquiring, not what is useful to us, but what is necessary for the orator, non nos quid nobis utile, verum quid ora-tori necessarium sit quaerimus, Cic: not only in acting but even in thinlcing, non modo agendo, verum etiam cogi-tando, Cic: he adopts a foolish, but yet o merciful plan, consilium capit stul-tum, verum tamen Clemens, Cic (li.) esp. ta transitions: the calends of January were waited for, perhaps not rightly—but let us say nothing about Hie past, exspectabantur calendae Jan-uariae, fortesse non recte—verum prae-terita omlttamus, Cic. Esp. with the emphatic enimvero, but indeed I in very truth ! cf. Sail. C. 20 (med). 3. autem (denoting less of opposition than the two preceding words, being often = and tlien, moreover: as it is less emphatic, it follows the first word of the sentence which it introduces): (i.) to introduce a gentle contrast; esp. where a word is repeated: J myself write nothing, but I read (or, I read liowever) with the greatest pleasure, ipse nihil scribo; lego autem libentlssime, Cic: Croesus thought that he should overturn the power of his enemies, but he oveitwrned his own, Croesus hostium vim sese perversumm putavit, pervertit autem suam, Cic (ii.) with interjections: but lo I a sudden divorce, ecce autem subitum di-vortium, Cic: v. H O W E V E R , M O R E O V E R .

4. vera (implying, not so much opposition, as corroboration: like autem it follows the first word of its clause): the Helvetii had led three parts of Hieir forces across Hie river, but the fourth was left on the hitlier side of it, Helvetii tres copiarum partes flumen trans-duxerant; quarto vera pars citra flumen reUqua erat, Caes.: Cic. 5. at (ast archaic: always placed at the beginning of its clause) : (i.) to denote transition of thought, and to introduce an addition, which usu. modifies what precedes : Hie contest was carried on vigorously, liamd to liand with swords, but the Germans sustained the onset, comi-nus gladiis acriter pugnatum est, at Germani impetus gladiorum exceperunt, Caes. (ii.) in passionate exclamations, where it often introduces something quite abruptly: but liow like they are! but how beautiful both! at quam sunt similes ! at quam formosus uterque I Ov. F. 2, 395 ; cf. Hor. Epod. 5, 1 : but by the immoital gods I what can be said about this ? at per deos immorteles! quid est quod de hoc did possit? Cic. (iii.) to introduce the answer to an objection which is anticipated : what further is to be inquired ? whether it was done? but it is admitted: by whom? but it is evident, quid porro quaerendum est? factumne sit? at constat: a quo? at patet, Cic.: but (you urge), the memory fails (in old age): so I believe, unless you keep it exercised, at memoria minuitur: credo, nisi earn exerceas, Cic 6. atqui: usu. = and yet, q. v. (i.) to connect an emphatic adversative clause: CI.—she malces you fine enough promises; Sy.—but do you suppose that she is jesting f CI.—satis scite promittit tibi; Sy.—atqui tu banc jocari credis ? Ter. (ii.) in conditional clauses: let him come; but if he lay a finger on her, his eyes sliall be torn out instantly, sine veniat; atqui si illam digito attlgerit, oculi 1U1 illico effodientur, Ter.: Cic. (Hi.) after an expressed or virtual negative : Ni.—you shall never carry off the gold; Ch.—no, but you will give it to me now; Ni.—nunquam auferes hinc aurum; Ch.—atqui jam dabis, PL : you state a wonderful thing; scarcely credible. But it is the fact, magnum narras, vix credibUe. Atqui sic habet, Hor.: Cic. (iv.) to connect a minor premiss: Cic: v. N O W . |V. Equi-102

valent to the relative pronoun and a negative: quin (only after negative or virtually negative sentences: v. Gell. 17, 13): there is hardly a day but lie comes to my house, dies fere nullus est quin domum meam ventitet, Cic: there was no one but said that he had heard this, nemo erat quin hoc se audlsse dlc-eret, Cic.: / cannot but send letters to you, facere non possum quin ad te lit-teras mittam, Cic: there was no doubt but that they were the most powerful, non erat dubium quin plurimum pos-sent, Caes.: not but that an answer might have been briefly given, non quin breviter reddi responsum potuerit, Liv. Phr.: (1.) but if, quod si; also when an alternative with si has gone before, sin: but if not, quod nisi or quod ni: v. IF. (ii.) but for, but that: (a) nisi or ni, foil, by subj.: as, me tlie trunk would have cut off, but that Faimus lightened the blow, m e truncus sustulerat, nisi Faunus ictum levasset, Hor. (ft) absque (prep, with abl.; only in the colloq. language of the comedians): but for this one thing, how fortunate am I in everything else, quam fortunatus sum ceteris rebus, absque hae una foret, Ter.: PL: so," but for me, you, etc, absque me, te: Ter.: PL (c) also sometimes expr. by the help of quominus: as, but for Trebonius, it seemed they would have taken Hie place, stetlsse per Trebonium, quominus oppido potirentur, videbatur, Caes. (iii.) not but that, non quin: not but that I could pay my debts .... but because non quin nes alienum solvere possem .... sed quod, etc., Sail.: Cic (the same sense may be conveyed by non quod [quia] non .... with subj., followed as before by sed quod or quia: v. T H A T , BECAUSE).

butcher (subs.): |, Lit.: lamus: Ter.: Cic.: a b.'s stall, lanlena: PL : Liv.: a b.'s block, mensa lanionia, Suet.

II. Fig.: 1. carnlfex, Icis, (a term of strong reproach) : Suet.: v. H A N G M A N . 2. homo sanguinarius, truculentus: v. BLOOD-THIBSTY.

butcher (v) •' I. To slaughter animals: caedo, obtrunco: v. TO KILL.

||. To murder cruelly: 1, tru-cldo, I: beware, lest if taken prisoners, ye be b.'d like cattle, cavete neu capti sicut pecora trucidemini, Sail. 2. obtrunco, I: to 6e b.'d like cattle, vice pecorum obtruncari, Sail. fr.: v. T O M U R DER, MASSACRE. butcher-bird: "lanius excubitor:

Linn. butcher's-broom: ruscum: Virg.;

PUn. butchery: trficldatlo: Cic : Liv.:

v. SLAUGHTER, MASSACRE. Phr.: indis

criminate 6, promiscua caedes, Liv. butler: 1. promus: PL: Varr.:

under-b., subpromus: PL , 2. cel-larlus: PL: Col. butt (subs): |. Mark, target (q.

v.): segpus. ||, An object of ridicule : ludlbrium: Liv.: Hor.: you liave hitherto made me your 6, ludibrio adhuc m e habuisti, PL : to be a b. of the court, inter ludibria aulae esse, Suet.: v. LAUGHING-STOCK. HI. A push or

thrust with the head : arigtatlo : Sen. IV. A large cask: vas ligneum ma

jor's formae: V. BARREL. .- butt (I-) •' arigto, i: Virg.: Curt. Phr.: beware qf encountering Hie goat, he bs, occursare capro, cornu ferit ilie, caveto, Virg.: apt to ft., fond of b.ing, pgtulcus : Lucr.: Virg. butter (subs): butyrum (not used by the Romans themselves: v. Plin. *8, 9, 35) '• butter is made from milk, e lacte fitb, PUn. 1. c.: to churnb., b. exprimere crebro jactatu in (longis) vasis, Plin.: Cels. butter (v): Phr.: to ft. bread, "panem butyro inducere. buttercup: "ranunculus tuberosus: Linn. butterfly: paplllo, onis, m.: Ov.: Plin. butter-milk: (iactis) sgrum.- Pirn. buttery: cella pgnarla; cellarlum: V. LARDER.

buttock: clfinis, is,m. and/.: lfor.: Plin.: a b. of beef, paiasga or plajga; Arnob. button (subs): "orblculus or glBM-

Ius vestlarlus: a b.-hole, (t) fissura, foramen: v. H O L E : a spear tipped willl a 6. (like fencing foils), hasta praepll-at.'i, Plin. button («•)•' necto (nearest word):

V. TO FASTEN.

buttress: 1, anteris, Idis, /..-Vitr.: anteridion, a small b.: Vitr.

2. grisma, ae,/.: Vitr. b u x o m : I. Obedient(pbsol),q,v.

II. Comely, gay (a. v.): l'estlvus. vgnustus, etc. buy: 1. emo, emi, emptum, 3

(constr. with abl. of price, except in the case of certain words, as tantl, quantl, etc.: v. L. G. $ 281): for how •invclidid he 6. Iter? quantl earn emit? PL: to b. at a less or greater price, minor's aut pluris e m , Cic.: to ft. at a great or small piice, magno aut parvo em, Cic.; to 6. cheaply or dearly, bene aut male em, Cic: to 6. pepper by the pound, piper in libras em, Plin.: to b. a farm on credit, fundum in diem em, Nep.; to 6. are oath, Jusjurandum em,Cic: to ft. pleasure by pain, voluptatem dolore e m , Hor.: to 6. the verdicts of jurymen, sententias Judicum em, Cic. % r8-dlmo, 3 (lit. to buy back or of: alio esp. In fig. sense, of purchasing rights, privileges, etc.): to 6. peace with hut-ages, pacem obsidibus r„ Caes.: to b. oneself off from a jury (obtain an acquittal by bribery), pecunia se a judl-cibus r„ Cic.: v. T O PURCHASE, 8..

paro, 1 (lit. to get, q. v.): / am thinkaig of b.ing some gardens on the other side qfthe Tiber, cogito trans Tiberlmhortos aliquos p., Cic.: to 6. of- am imiMiffl price, lmpenso pretio p., Caes,: v. TO PROCURE. . 4. mercor, 1 (refers to regular traffic) : v. TO TRADE, PUR

CHASE. 5', nundlnor, 1 (strictly lite No. 4: often in bad sense, to make a market of what ought not to be soli): to b.thename qf senator, senatorium nomen n, Cic: v. TO TRAFFIC. 6,

sumo, sumpsi, sumptum, 3 (refers to He act of talcing up what has been bought from the stall): to b.provisions, onsonia s, Hor.: to 6. statues, statuas 6„ Cic.

back or off: rgdlmo: v. TO RANSOM, BUY (2).

— u p : 1. cggmo,3: tob. up all the goods, omnia bona c, Cic.: to b. up with a view to selling dearer by retail, c ut pluris postea distrahatSuet. 2, rgdlmo, 3: to 6. up suppressed books, libros suppressos r. Suet. 3. am' primo, pressi, pressum, 3: to farestM the market: q. v. 4. compare, I: V. TO GET TOGETHER.

buyer: 1. emptor: there vios m b. for the Tusculan villa, Tusculano e. nemo fuit, Cic: Hor. .2. e P'- part of verb: v. T O BUY. Phr: to w disposed to become a 6, empturio, 4: Varr. buying (subs): emptlo: Cic: lac- 1

(or expr. by verb). Fond of buying, gmax, acis: Cic.: Ov. buzz (»•) •' bombum facere: Varr. buzz, buzzing (subs): bombus:

Varr. buzzdrd: 1. butgo, onis, ni.:

Plin. 2. trlorches, ae, m.: Ph"-b y Prep.: |. Of place (l-l-

Near: 1, ad (with ace): the dun w standing by the door, flagitator astat no ostium, PI.: you have gardens by W Tiber, habeshortos ad Tiberim, ClC. V. apud (with ace): to stay by a torn, ap»o oppidum morari, Caes.: to pass-amW by the water, apud aquam noctem agi-tare, Sail.: Sulpicius was sitttmiiM Crassus, Sulpicius apud Crassum ^9" Cic 3, sgcundum(atojia:wifli«fjj he had his camp by the sea, castra i * » habebat, Caes.: centawrim grows oy springs, centaurion s. fontes nascitur, Plin.: v. NEAR, AT. (ii.) past, aim-q. v. (chiefly in combination with vera, as, to saii or ride by, flow by, -etc.-usu. expr. by means of a prep, in con>

B Y B Y S S U S C A C O P H O N O U S

position; as, praetervehor, praeterfiuo, etc.). (iii.) ore: usu. expr. by the abl.: lie prepares for war by land and sea, bellum terra et mart (terra marique) comparat, Cic.: that journey is usually performed by land, illud iter pedibus fere confid* soler, Cic.: whether we pursue the ParHiians by land or the Britons by sea, seu pedibus Parthos sequlmur seu dasse Britannos, Prop. Phr. : to travel by sea, in navi vehi, Cic; he attacked the.town by the way, oppidum ex itinere oppugnavit, Caes.: Afrkanus used to say that he was never less alone than when he was by himself, Africanus soUtas est dicere se nunquam minus solum esse quam cum solus esset, Cic : journeys by land, pedestria itinera, Cic.: v. ON FOOT. 11, Of time: at, within, not later than: 1, ad (with ace): / will write by what days I shall return, ad qnos dies rediturus sim scribam, Cic.: all things were done by the (appointed) day, omnia ad diem facta sunt. Caes.: to return by the Ides of April, ad Idns Aprilis reverti, Caes. 2. sub (L e. just upon: with ace): the client lenocks at (the lawyer's) door by cockcrow, sub galU cantum consultor ostia pulsat, Hor. 3. intra (strictly within: with ace): the judge will deliver judgment by the Calends, judex intra Calendas pronuntiat, GeU. 4. the abl. Is often used to express this sense, and also when "by" is equivalent, or nearly so, to "during:" by early dawn Hie messenger came to Ameria, primo dilu-culo nuntius Ameriam venit, Cic: The-mistocles used to walk about by night, noctu ambulabat Themistocles, Cic: sometimes by day, oftener by night, non-nunquam interdiu, saepius noctu, Caes. Phr.: by and by, jam, mox, brevi tempore: v. SOON, PRESENTLY. |||,

Of other relations : as to denote the agent, instrument, or cause; measure of excess or defect; distribution, ete. : (i.) of the agent, after a passive verb: a or ab (with aft*.): Caes.: Cic (passim). NOTE.—This construction Is confined to the case of a personal agent W e also find, instead of the prep, and abl., the dative, esp. after the gerundive participle; as, wisdom slwuld be enjoyed i by us, saplentia nobis (not a nobis) fru-enda est, Cic. After the gerund, indeed, the prep, is only used to avoid occasional ambiguity: thus, we should say for these men must be resisted by you, a te (not tibi) his hominibus resistend-um est. The dative after other forms of the passive, and the ablative without a preposition, belong to the poets: as, nor is she seen by any, neque cernitur uUi, Virg.: thou shalt be celebrated by Varius, a swan qf Homeric tune, scrib-eris Vario, Maeonii carminis alite, Hor. (ii.) of the means or instrument, after active and passive verbs; 1, pgr(with ace): J did, not hesitate to ask you for that by Utter, non dubitovi id a te per literas petere, Cic.: to march through a province by force, iter per provln-ciam per vim facere, Caes.: Caesar ascertained this by tlie scouts, ii per exploratores Caesar cognovit, Caes.: he has by himself, without any helper, mustered the forces, per se, nullo ad-Juvante, copias confecit, Cic. 2. Usu, expr, by the simple abl.: to excite the feelings of Hie mob by the mere name and recollection of his fatlier, nomine ipso et memoria patris animos multitudinis concltare, Cic: by a law they fix the departure for the third year, in tertinm annum profectionern lege confinnant,Caes. Phr.: by your leave, bona tua venia dixerim, Cic.; v. L E A V E : by themselves they were unable to prevail upon the Seqvani, Sequanls sua sponte persuadere non poterant, Caes. (lit.) of the cause, means, or mode: \.tor ex (with aibi.: rare, and only of that out of which something arises): she is pregnant by Pamphttus, gravida e Pamphllo est, Ter.: led into hope of victory by the advantage of the position, In spem victoriac adductus ex.opportunltate loci,

Sail. 2. expr. by the abl. alone: a place suitable by nature, locus natura idonens, Cafis.: this has been occasioned more by easiness than by any other fault qf mine, magis id facilitate quam ulla alia culpa mea contigit, Cic: the consul himself, holding Lentulus by the hand, leads him into the senate, consul Lentulum, ipse manu tenens, in se-natum perducit, Sail.: pepper is bought by weight, piper pondere emitur, Plin. Phr.: he ran by stealth into the plain, furtim in campnm currebat, Cic.: Thisbe saw the lioness by the rays of the moon, leaenam ad lunae radios Thisbe vidit, Ov.: by fair means, recte, Hor.: "by hook or by crook," quocunque modo, Hor. (iv.) with words of measurement, to denote excess or defect: this is gen. expr. by the abl. of the words denoting the excess or defect: he is taller than you by a foot and a half, sesquipede est quam te longior, PL: Ireland is less by a half than Britain, Hibernla dimidio minor est quam Britannia, Caes. (v.) to denote the separate succession of a number of items: this sense is usu. expr. by adverbs or distributive numerals: sometimes also by in and occ: the number of the enemy is increasing day by day, crescit in dies singulos hostium mimerus, Cic: the siege was more severe day by day, erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, Caes.: to buy pepper by Hie pound, piper in libras emere, Plin.: they began by degrees to leave the camp, paulatlm ex castris dis-cedere coeperunt, Caes.: the waggons were drawn one by one, singuli carri ducebantur, Caes.: to engage a servant by the year, "annua mercede famulum conducere: v, the respective substantives, (vi.) in adjurations : 1, per (with ace): by gods and men, per deos atque homines, Cic.: I beseecft you by your friendship and love, te per ami-citiam et per amorem obsecro, Ter.: sometimes per stands at the beginning of the adjuration without an ace, the object appealed to being defined by the clause following: cf. Virg. A. 2, 142: Ov. 2. pro or proh (prop, an interj.: v. A H ! also sometimes followed by the ace): by the faith of gods and men I p. deum atque hominum fidem 1 Cic.: by Jupiter! pro Jupiter! Ter. (but in a formal oath it would be per). Phr.: by Hercules! mehercfiles! mehercule 1 mehercle! hercules! hercule I hercle! Cic: Ter.: of the same import is medius fidius, i. e. m e dius s. deus fidius (juvet), by thegod of faith! (Hercules)! by Castor! mecastor, ecastor 1 PL: Ter. (rarely nsed except by women): by Pollux! gdgpol! PL: by Ceres! eccSrg oi- gcgrg: PL : Ter. by the by: Bblter, in transcursu

dicendum est: v. IN PASSING.

by-gone: 1. praetgrltos: a b. fault, p. culpa, Ov.: v. PAST. 2, priscus: v. OLDEN, ANCIENT.

by-law: praescriptam, regiila: v. RULE, ORDINANCE. by-path, -road, or -way: 1.

dgvertlcfilum: Cic: Suet 2, dgvl-u m Iter: Cic. 3. devla callis: Liv.

4. frames, itis, m.: Cic.: Virg. 5, semlta (any narrow, less fre

quented path): Cic: Virg. by-place : lgcus rgmotas: Cic.:

Caes. by-stander: 1. arbiter, tri: v.

EYE-WITNESS. 2. ii pi- circumstantes, ium (lit. those who stand aiwreci): among the bs, in circumstentihus, Gell.: hoisted ore flie shoulders of the bs, alle-vatus circumstantium humeris, Tac: Curt, (the sing, may be expr. by unus [e numero] circumstantium). 3. spectator: v. SPECTATOR. Phr.: to be a b. at amy occurrence, adesse alicui rei (not interesse, which is to talce part in): v. TO RE PRESENT AT. by-W0rd: •• PROVERB. P h r.: to become a b., ludibrio or opprobrio haberi. bysSUS (fl hind qf flax): byssus, i, /.; ApuL: Plin.

c. CAB: cislum: v. CHAISE.

cabal (subs): \, A body of intriguers: (?) societas clandestina; fac-tio: v. FACTION, PARTY. ||. An in

trigue : clandestinum consilium: to concoct cs, c. consilia concoquere, Liv.: to expose cs, c. consilia efferre, Cic cabal (v.): clandestina consilia con

coquere : Liv.: to c. against anyone, clandestinis consiliis aliquem oppngnare, Cic. Cabala; i. e. a mystic discipline of

the Jews: "cabala or cabbala: arcana (pi) Judaeorum (" Hebraeorum Theo-sophiae libri, quos illi Cabalae nomine vocarunt," Morhof, Polyh. i, lo, 23). cabalist: "cabalisto: M.L. ( = Ju

daeorum arcanae doctrinae peritus). Cabalistic: "cabalisticus: M.L. In

a more general sense; arcanus: v. SECRET, MYSTICAL. caballer: qui clandestina consilia

ebneoquit. Cabbage: 1. brassica: Cic: Plin.

(Three sorts of brassica are enumerated by Plin. 20,9, 33: h. crispa, curly-leaved, parsley-lilce c; b. helia, appar. the common smooth-leaved Tared; and b. crambe, with thin leaves growing very thick and close) 2. caulis, is, in. (prop, a cabbage-staZ/c): Cic : Plin. .-sometimes this word is employed for brassica: Hor. 3. glos, gris, n. (prop. any garden vegetable): Hor.: Plin. cabin: I. A cottage: q. v. casa. 1|. An apartment in a ship: 1,

diaeta: the captain's c, d. magistri, Petr. 2. "conclave navale. Phr.: ships fitted with cabins, naves cubicu-latae, Sen.: c.-btry, *puer (servus, ser-vulus) nauticus. Cabinet: I, A small room: con

clave, zotheca, sanctuarium (of a prince): v. CHAMBER. Phr.: a c. picture, tabula minor or tabula conclavi s. cubiculo private idonea. H. Apiece of furniture with drawers, doors, etc.: 1, anna-rlum (prop, a chest): PL: Cic. 2, scrinium (a box for papers, writing materials, etc.): Hor.: v. BOX. . |||, The select council of a ruler; the body of men who have the chief administration of affairs: 1. summum prin-cipis consilium (cf. Cic. Phil. 7, 7). 2. *penes quos est summa rerum (admin-istratio). Phr.: a man distinguished both in the c. and in the field, vir et consilii magni et virtutis, Caes. cabinet-council: 1. "conventus

eorum quos penes est summa rerum (administratio). 2. "consilium secretins (Ains.). cabinet-maker: faber intestinSrius

(i.e. a joiner, whose work is about the interior of a house): Inscr.: Cod. Theod.: supellectilis faber (?). cabinet-minister: 1, qui regi

a consiliis secretioribus est (?). 2. "unus ex iis quos penes est summa rerum (administratio). cable: 1. ancbrale, is, re. (anchor-

c.): to cut ihe cables, ancoralia incidere, Liv. 2, ancorarlus funis (= anco-rale): Caes. 3. riidens: v. ROPE, RIGGING. Phr.: to cut the c, ancoram

praecidere, Cic. cabman: cisiarius: Uip. cabriolet.' perh. 1, cislum: Cic

2, blrgta: Cod. Theod. cachinnation: cadnnnus, cachin-natlo: Cic.: v. L A U G H . Cackle O O : 1. strgpo, iii, 3 : the goose seems to cackle among the clear-voiced swans, videtur argutos inter s. anser olores, Virg, 2. graclllo, I (of hens) : Auct. Carm. Phil. 3. gingrlo, 4(of geese): Fest. cackling (subs).- l. strgpitus, us: cf. T O C A C K L E (1): v. NOISE. 2. clangor, oris, m.: a perpetual c. (01 geese), perpetuus c, PUn. 3. gln-grltos, us: Arnob. cacophonous: asper, discors, in-SUaviS: V. HARSH, DISCORDANT. 103

C A C O P H O N Y C A L L C A L L IN

Cacophony: aspgrltes: Cic. Or. 49, 164: it may also be expr. by vocum s, litterarum insuavis cuncurslo; voces male sonantes, etc.: cf. Cic. Or. 44, sqq. CaCtUS : "cactus: M. L. cadaverous: 1. cadavgrgsus: Ter.

2, liirldus, vgpallidus: v. GHASTLY. cadence: L e. a musical or rhyth

mical fall in singing oc speaking: quidam certus cursus conclusioque verborum (?), Cic. Or. ;j, 118: or perhaps, concluslo verborum suavis ac nunierosa. Phr.: clauses which liave a pleasant c, clausulae quaenumerose et jucunde cad-iint, Cic. cadet: I. -a younger son or bro

ther: fillus Junior, natu minor: v. VOUNGER. ||. A student in a public military school.- discipulus (tbe precise application of the word being determined by the context). cadmium: cadmium: M.L. caesura: 1. caesura: Diom. (the

current term with modern writers, as Porson). 2. comma, atis, re.: Mar. Vict. 3, incislo: Diom. caffein; "calami: M.L. cage (subs): |. An inclosure for

animals: 1, cavga: a bird shut in a c, avis inclusa in c, Cic.: Petr.: of a bear's cage: Hor. 2. septum: locus septus (only of a large c. for animals: v. ENCLOSURE). ||, Aprison: q.v.

cage ("•) •' include: v. T O CONFINE. caged: cavgatns: Plin. cairn: lapidum acervus. Caisson: I. A wooden frame use!

in bridge-building: area: Vitr. 5, 12. ||, An ammunition waggon: *car-

rus ad bellicum apparatum portandum. caitiff: ngbfilo, scglestus: v. K N A V E . cajeput (an oil): "oleum cajuputi:

M.L. cajole: 1. lacto, 1: to c. a lover,

amantem 1, Ter.: PI. 2. ludifico, 1 : V. TO FOOL, DECEIVE.

cajoler: blandus homo; frustrator: V. DECEIVER, FLATTERER.

cajolery: blandltiae, blandlmenta : V. FLATTERY.

Cake (s«6s.): I, An article of food: 1, llbnm (made offlour, clieese, and egg): Cato: Ov.: Hor. 2. placenta (also a sweet cake, of thin flat shape): Cato: Hor. (who uses it as synon.with libum, Ep. 1, 10,10). 3, pgpanum (a sacrificial cake): Juv". (The terms libum and placenta likewise denoteca/ces used in sacrifices.) ||, A cake-like mass: massa, offa: v. MASS, LUMP. Cake (v- intr): concresco, crevi,

eretum, 3 (i. e. to become clotted, to adhere together): Lucr.: Cic. calamine: 1. cadmla: Plin. 2.

calamina: M. L. calamitous: 1. exltiosus, per-

lilciosus: v. DESTRUCTIVE. 2. caia-tdtosus: a most painful and c. war, acerbissimum et calamitosissimum bellum, Cic.: c. victories, c victoriae, Suet.

3. Iacrimosus, luctuosus: v. LAMEN T A B L E . 4. iunestus: v. FATAL.

calamitously: caiamitose: Cic. calamity : 1. caianutas: a great

public c, magna c. reipublicae, Cic: to endure cs, calamitates perferre, Caes.

2, clades, is,/.: stronger than No. 1: v. DISASTER, DEFEAT. 3, malum

(the most general term: v. EVIL) : no c, nihil mali (with ref. to the death of Scipio), Cic.: yield not thou to c, tu ne cede malis, Virg.: civil cs (i. e. wars, factions, etc.), civilia m , Cic. 4. latum: a day of destruction and c, exi iii ac f. dies, Cic.: v. FATALITY. 5. infortunium, res adversa: v. MISFORTUNE, ADVEUSITY. Phr.: ire the midst qf these cs, in his asperitatibus rerum, Cic.: to be in the midst of cs, in mi-seriis versari, Cic.: v. MISERY. calcareous: calci similis; calcis naturam habens: v. LIME. Calcination: "calcinatio: M. L. calcine: Phr.: to c. bones, "ossa in pulverem comburendo redigere (ver-tere). 104

calcium: calcium : M. L. calculable: "quod numerari s. aestl-

marl potest: v. T O C A L C U L A T E . calculate: I. To compute: 1.

expr. by some verb with calculus (lit. a pebble; pebbles being used in calculations) : to c. the value qf anything narrowly, aliquid exigue ad calculus vocare, Cic: to c. the pleasure to be derived from anything, voluptatum calculos subducere, Cic: more fully, imposito calculo alicujus rei rationem computore, Col. 2. compute, i: to c. time not by clays but by nights, non dierum numerum sed noctium c, Tac; Col. (I. c): Plin. 3. Ineo, 4: Hie number of the slain could not easily be c.d, numerus interfectorum haud facile inlrl potuit, Liv.: to c. are account, rationem in, Cic. 4, rgpiito, I: to c eclipses of the sun, solis del'ec-tiones r, Cic: Tac. 5. subduco, duxl, ductum, 3 : to c. the total, s. snm-mam, Cic. V i g.: the accounts having been c.d I have summed up my deliberations, rationibus subductis summam feci cogitation u m mearum, Cic.: Ter.

||. To estimate (q. v.): aestlmo, existlmo. calculated (adj.): i. e. adapted:

aptus, aecommSdatus: v. also To JIT. calculation: 1. ratio: to malce

a c, r. ducere, Cic.; r. inire, Cic.: long es, longae r„ Hor.: v. ACCOUNT. 2,

calculus: cs and accounts, c atque rationes, Quint.: to subject anything to an exact c, ad calculos aliquid vocare, CiC.: V. TO CALCULATE (1).

calculator: 1, ratiocinator: Cic.: Uip. 2, compiitator: Sen. 3. (an instrument for making calculations): abacus: v. Diet. Ant. s. v. calculous: calculosus : Cels. caldron: 1. cortina: a c. of lead,

c. plumbea, Cato: of copper, c. aerea, Plin. 2. ahenum (also agnum: poet.): a blazing (i. e. surrounded with flame) c, ardens a, Juv.: Virg. 3, lebes, etis, m, (Gr. Ae^ijs) : v. TRIPOD. Calendar: 1. fasti, orum: Caesar

corrected Hie c, Caesar fastos correxit, Suet: to expunge the (names qf) consuls from the c, consules ex f. evellere, Cic: he has recourse to the c, and estimates excellence by years, redit ad fastos et virtutem aestimat annis, Hor.: v. ANNALS, A L M A N A C 2. caiendarlum :

Inscr. Phr.: ac. month, "mensis legi-timus s. ex fastis dictus. calender (v.) •• *textilia inter cale-

factos cylindros premere. calender (subs) .- (?) tormentum:

Sen. Tranq. i, 4. calendrer: qui textilia premendo

splendida reddit: cf. Sen. I. c. calends: caiendae, arum (Kal.) : v.

Diet. Aut. art. "Calendarium." Proverb.: to pay at the Greek Cs, i.e. never; ad Ualendas Graecas solvere Suet. (N.B.—The name of the month is used with caiendae, as an adj.: e. g, at the Cs qf March, Kal. Martiis, not Martii.) calenture: caientura: M . L.: v.

FEVER.

calf: |. The young of the cow: vltulus and vltula: Cic: Virg. Adj. vitaimus, of or belonging to a c.: Cic!

||. A dolt, blockhead: q. v. ||| Tlie c. qf the leg: sura: well-turned cs', teretes s, Hor.: thick cs, tumentes s' Hor.: Virg.: PUn. Calibre: Phr.: the c. qf a gun

"mensura tub! sclopeti (torment!): a man of small c, homo parvo ingenio: v. ABILITY. calico : Una xyKna (n. pi) -. PUn 19, 1, 2, 3. caligraphy; v. PENMANSHIP. calk: 1. pIco, 1: v. T O PITCH. 2. expr. by circum I.; "rimas navium stuppa farcire et pice oblinere. calker: expr. by verb: v. T O C A L K call (v.): A. Trans.: |. To name: 1, appello, 1: do not c. me by a false name, ne m e appella falso nomine, PL: we c. corn Ceres, wine Bacchus, fruges Cererem appellamus,

vinum autem Bacchum, Cic.; lie is cM king, rex appellator, Caes. 2 no. mlno, I: V. TO NAME. 3, VOCO I

(more freq. to summon: v.iqfr):'the hill is now c.'d the Quirinal, collls nunc Quirlnalis vocatur, Cic: you would c. me unfortunate, me miserum vocares Hor. 4, vgdto, i (to c. habitually)': Demetrius, ulio was usually e'A pha, lereus, Demetrius, qui Phalereua voci-tatus est, Cic.: Lucr, j, dico, dixi dictum, 3: lie c'd Hie -whole amntni Chaonia, CLaoniam omnem dixit, Virg,; Cic.: Hor. 6. Usurpo, i (c. habitti-ally): Laelius is usually c.'d tlie wise, Laelius sapiens usurpatur, Cic, 7 In pass., to be c'd: audio, 4 (esp. poet and in special phr.): or clioosest (ta rather to be c.'d Janus? seu Janeliben-tius audis f Hor. (Mllten, " or hear'tt thou rather pure ethereal stream"): (0 be c.'d Ul names, be ill spolcen of, male a, Cic.: v. T O B E SPOKEN OJ». j,

cliieo, cluo, 2 and 3 (also with pass! sense: only in archaic language): Lucr. Phr.: tliat disease is c.'d avarice, el morbo nomen est avaritia, Cic.: Hie !»j icas c.'d Egerius, puero nomen Egerio est inditum, Liv. ||, To Simmon, invite: q. v.: 1, vgco, 1: u/io est who names me? quis v.? quis nominal me? PL: to c Hie Roman people te arms, populum R. ad arma v, Caes, Fig.; Ic. your proceedings to account, quae feclsti in Judicium voco, Cic. %, advgco, 1: to c. the chief men to a council, viros primarios in consilium ad, Cic. Fig.: we c. Hie mind home, animum ad se ipsum advocamus, Cic.: to c. to mind, in memoriam redigere or reducere, Cic.: Alcides cs all amis (to his aid), Alcides omnia arma advocat, Virg. B, I n t r a n s.: chiefly in pnr to call out, etc.: q. v. — aside or apart: sevtfco, 1: to

c. one's master aside, herum s, PL: k began to c. them aside one by one, >, singulos coeplt, Caes.: Cic — away: 1. avoco, 1: io c,

away a part of an army foi- tear, partem exercitus ad bellum :tv, Liv.: oU age cs us away from active life, a rebus agendis avocat senectus, Cic. %, d6-vgco, 1 (lit. to call down, q. v.), Fig-avarice did not c. him away from hii settled course, non ilium avaritia all institute cursu devocavit, Cic. 8, i5* vgco, 1 : esp. ta fig. sense: the hips of plurider called them away firm labour, spes praedandi eos a labors reyo-cabat, Caes.: to c. away tlie mind from the senses, mentem a sensibus r„ Cic: v. TO WITHDRAW.

back: revoco, I: as often as 1 wish to yo out you detain me, c. nie batk, quoties foras ire volo, me retiues, ie-vocas, PL: to c. anyone back from ti journey, aliquem ex itinere r, Cic

d o w n : devgco, 1: Iw c.'d dom his men from tlie rising ground, suos al) tumulo devocavit, Liv.: to e. doun philosophy from Hie sky, philosophiaB e coelo devocare, Cic

for: postulo, quaero: v. TO DEM A N D , REQUIRE.

forth or out: 1. evoco, 1: to c. legions foi th from winter-qwirt0i legiones ex hibernis c, Cats.: they « out our men iojight, nostros ad pugjpl evocant, Caes.: Liv. 2, prgvBco,!: V. TO PROVOKE, CHALLENGE. 8. ?'

cieo and exclo, clvi, dturn and cltuffl, 2 and 4: why have you c.'d me out infixed of the house ? quid est quod me exciviati ante aedesf PI.: to c. forth the enemy to fight, hostes ad dimieanduni acie ex, Liv. 4. ellcio, llcui and lexi, ledum, 3 (to draw, entice out: esp. of calling forth a deity) -. to coll forth a doty from Hie sky, e. caelo deum, Ov.: to "• forth the dead from tlieir tombs, «• manes sepulcris, Tib.: v. TO CALL W-in; advgco, i (c. as legal adviser) : he cs in many good men, viros bonos complines advocat, Cic Par,: to c. in a physician, medlcum arcesserci PL: to c. in a pliysician to a sick nan, medicum aegro admovere, Suet.; to '

C A L L O U T C A L M L Y C A M P

in onis (lent) money, pecuniam rellgere, Hor.: to c. in ones debts, nomlna sua exigere, Cic. call Out: |, Trans.: evgco, pro-

vgco, etc.: v. supr. T O CALL FORTH. ||. Intrans.: to call aloud: cla-

mo, exclamo: v. TO CRY OUT. — • over: rgclto, I: to c. over the

senate, senatum r, Liv. — on or upon: i. To appeal to:

esp. for help: 1, inclamo, I (with dat. or ace): he c'd upon his companion, comitem suum inclamavit, Cic: the Alban army cs upon Hie Cuiiatii to assist their brother, Albanus exer-citas inclamat Curiatiis, uti opem fevant fratri, Liv.: Hor. 2. clgo, civi, cltum, 2 (to call any one's name aloud): to c. on one's master, herum c, PL: to c, upon one's ancestors, majores sues c, Tac 3. appello, I (v. TO APPEAL T O ) : whither sliall I go, or whom shall I c. upon ? quo accedam, aut quos appel-lem? Sail.: Cic II. To pay a short visit to: 1. convgnio, veni, ventum, 4 (with ace.): Balbm has got the gout so badly that he doesn't wish to be c.'d upon, B. tontis pedum doloribus afUc-itor ut se conveniri nolit, Cic: PL: but the word Is equally applicable to a meeting In the street or elsewhere: v. INTERVIEW. 2. intrgeo, 4: to c.upon Cicero with the pretence of paying tlieir respects to him, slcutl salutotum ad Clceronem In., Sail. 3. viso, 3: v. TO VISIT, GO TO SEE. 4, salute, 1 (strictly to salute; q. v.: hence, to pay a complimentary visit) : Cic : Virg.

— to (oneself): advgco, vgco: v. TO CALL (IL).

— together: convgco, conclamo (by shouting): v. TO ASSEKRLE, CON

VENE.

— UP! 1. exdto, 1: toe up any one from the dead, aliquem a mortuis ex., Cic.: to c vp witnesses, testes ex, Cic: to c. up a laugh, risum ex, Cic. 2. susdto, 1: J u ill c. you up as a witness against yourself, te contra te testem suscitabo, Cic.: v. TO A W A K E , AROUSE. 3. gllciO, 3 (V. TO CALL FORTH): to c. up Hie souls of the dead, animas Inferorum e, Cic: Ov.: Tib. call (subs.): |. A verbal summons

or address: 1. vgcatus, us (only in abl. sing): Hie senate at the c. of JJrusus entered the senate-house, senatus vocatu Drusi in curiam venit Cic: Vlrg. 2. More usu. expr. by part of verb: as, thou hearest our c. (of a deltyl, audis vocatas, Hor.: refuse not to /tear our c, *ne aspemeris vocantes: v. T O CALL.

3, vox, vocis, /.: v. VOICE, CRY. 4, clamor (a loud cry): v. SHOUT.

Phr.: to take up arms at the c. af one's country, "patria Jubente arma sumere: a c 0/ the house, "recitatio senatorum nominum, or simply recitatio senator: v. T O CALL OVER (better expr. by verb: as, a c. cf the house took place, senates recitatus est). ||. Demand, requisition: q.v. Phr.: the cs of nature, requisite naturae, Sail.: to malce large cs upon any one, "magna ab aliquo poatulare. |||. Invitation (either external or internal) to undertake any office: Phr,: lest ye should seem to have refused to accept a c. from God, ne munus assignatum a Deo defugisse vldeamini, Cic: to have a c. from heaven to any particular work, "a Deo ad allquod mlnlsterluin vocari, desig-nari: to be obedient to the lieavenly.c, "divlnis jussis pargre. |V. A pipe or whistle: fistula: v. CATCALL. V. A short visit: saiutatio : Cic. : Sen. Phr.: to pay a c, saluto, convgnio, etc.: V. TO CALL UPON. caller: I. One who calls: vSca-

tor: Sen.: PUn. (or, more freq, expr. by part of verb: v. TO CALL). "|, A visitor: 1, saiutator: Suet: Mart.

2. esp. in pi. saiutens, ntis: Virg.: Mart. calling (subs.): \, Verbal subs.: expr. by verbs for to call: q. v. ||. Vocation, profession: 1. ars, artlfl-elum; quaestus: v. BUSINESS. 2.

munus, gris, re.: v. OFFICE, FUNCTION. HI, Calling in of money: 1, ex-

actlo : Cic: Liv. 2. cgactio: Suet Callosity: i. e. a hard- skin, or the

qualiti/ of such : 1. callum or callus: Cic : Cels. 2. callosltas : Veg.: Scrib. callous: I. L i t.: callosus: Cels.:

PHn. ||, Fig.: of the mind: expers sensus: v. INSENSIBLE. Esp. in phr. to become c.: 1, occallesco, cailui, 3 (also found in lit. sense: PI.): I have now become entirely c, Jam prorsus oc-callul, Cic. 2. percallesco, 3 (to become quite c.): Cio. 3. obduresco, durui, 3 : V. HARDENED, TO EE. callousness: v. INSENSIBILITY.

Phr.: endui ance qf pain is one thing, c. another, "aliud est paiientem dolor's esse, aliud jam occalluisse. Callow: implumls, e: a bird sitting

upon her c. young, assidens Implumibus pullis avis, Hor.: Plin. Calm (adj.) : 1, piaddus (v. GEN

TLE) : c. sleep, p. somnus, Ov.: a c. sky, p. coelum, SU.: a c. sea, p. mare, Plin. Fig.: c and gentle old age, p. ac lenis senectus, Cic: a c. speech, p. oratio, Cic: a very c. peace, placidissima pax, Cic. 2. sedatus (i. e. quiet, still) : a c. river, s. amnis, Cic Fig.: to write with a cer mind, sedatiore animo scribere, Cic 8. tranqulllus (unruffled, undisturbed) : the sea is in its own nature c, mare sua natura t est, Cic.: c waters, t aquae, Ov.: a c. day, t. dies, Plin.: a c. and serene forehead, t. et serena frons, Cic. Fig.: a c. mind, t. animus, Cic: c. old age, t senectus, Hor. 4. placatus (strictly of what once was not calm): c. seas, p. maria, Virg.: very c. rest, quies piacatissima, Cic. Fig.: a cer mind, placatior animus, Liv. 5. qulgtus (i: e. at rest) : v. QUIET. 6. aequus (i. e. even, equable; only of the mind): to bear anything with a c. mind, aliquid aequo animopati, Cic: Hor.: v. EQUANIMITY. Phr.: to become calm: rgsldo, sedi, 3 .-he hoped their minds had not yet become c.from the pievious war, eorum mentes nondum ab superiore bello resedisse sperabat, Caes.: their hearts have become c. from swelling vraHi, corda ex tumlda ira resederunt, Virg. calm (subs.): 1, tranqulllltas :

we in the long ships intended to lie in wait for the cs, nos longts navlbus tranquillitetes aucupaluri eramus, Cic.: Caes.: Liv. %, tranquillum (only in oblique cases sing.): to wish in a c.for bad weather, in trwnquillo tempestatem adversam optare, Cic.: ire a c, as tliey say, any one who pleases is steersman, tranquiilo, ut aiunt. qullibet gubernator est,Sen. 3. malada (a deadc. at tea: Gr. /j-ahajcia): Caes.: v. CALMNESS. calm (•».): |. L i t : to still the

sea, etc.: 1, sedo, 1 (to still, quiet, allay: q. v.) : the tempest is c.'d, tempestas sedatur, Cic 2. tranquiilo, 1 (to render smooth, unruffled) : "toe. the troubled waters," mare t (of oil), PUn.

3. placo, 1 (fig.): Aeolus cs the seas, HIppotades aequora p, Ov. 4, lgnlo, 4: v. TO APPEASE. ||, Fig.:

1, sedo, 1: toe. anger, iram s, PL: Cic: v. TO ALLAY. 2. tranquiilo, 1; to c the feelings, animos t, Cie. (Tranquiilo Is a more fig. expression than sedo: cf. supr. 2) 3. place, I (1. e. to reduce to peace and quietness): to c. and appease the feelings, animos p. ac lenlre, Cic: v. also T O SOOTHE. Calming (s"6s.) •' sgdafio: the c. of

the mind, animi s, Cic. (But usu. best expr. by part of verb: v, T O CALM.) calmly; 1. Igniter (i. e. with

gentle, even course): to bear a thing c, aliquid 1. ferre, Ov.: to pass one's life c, 1. traducere aevum, Hor. 2. placate: let us bear all human events c. and with moderation, omnia humana p. et moderate feramus, Cic 3. placldg: to bear pain c. and composedly, p. et sedate ferre dolorem, Cic 4. sgdatc: PL: Cic 5, tranqulUS: to speak c, t dicere, Cic.: Sen. (For the dlff. between the above, comp. CALM, adj.)

Calmness: 1. tranquillitas (both lit and fig ): c. of mind, animi t, Cic: c. of life, t vitae, Cic. 2. tranquillum : the republic was reduced to c, respublica ta tranquillum redacta est, Liv.: Ter.: v. CALM. 3, Of the

mind: aequus animus: to witness anything with c, aliquid aequo a. vldere, Cic.: v. EQUANIMITY. (Calmness qf mind may also be expr. by placidvis animus, tranquillus animus, etc.: v. CALM.) calomel: caigmglas, anis, re.: M. I,. Caloric: prob. the best word for

scient 1.1. Is Ignis: cf. Lucr. 1, 637. calorific *. caiorlfleus (rare): Gell. caltrop: I. A kind of thistle:

trlbulus: Virg.: Plin. ||, A military instrument: 1, trlbulus: Veg. 2, murex, Icis, m.: iron cs, m. ferre', Curt. calumniate: 1, crimlnor, 1: I

was afraid lest she should c. me to you, hanc metui ne me crimlnaretur tibi, Ter.: v. TO SLANDER. 2. opprobria falsa dicere: v. CALUMNY.- 3. obtrecto, I : V. TO REVILE, DISPARAGE. 4. maigdlco: v. TO REVILE. calumniation: v. C A L U M N Y . calumniator: 1. obtrectator:

the charges of cs, obtrectatorum crimi-nationes. Suet.: Cic: v. REVILER. 2, mil I Miens s. maigdicens homo: v. CALUMNIOUS. 3. crimlnator (v. rare): Pi.: Tac. (Not calumniator; which denotes a false accuser, or one who brings legal actions against any one for gain: Gr. ovKotbaprns.) calumnious: 1. crinilnosus: c

Iambics, c Iambi, Hor.: Cic: v. SLANDEROUS. 2. calumnlgsus: a c. accusation, c accusatio, Uip.: e. charges, c. criminationes, Arnob. calumniously : 1. ciimlnosg:

Cic: Suet. 2. calumniSse: Dig. 3. per culumnlam (only if the reference is to a formal false accusation: q. v.). calumny : 1. maigdictum: to

heap cs upon a person's life, m. in alicujus vitam conjicere, Cic: v. ABUSE.

2, criminatio falsa: Cic. (also simply criminatio, esp. In pi.: Liv.).

3, opprobrium falsum: to be assailed by cs, op. falsis morderi, Hor.: v. REPROACH. Phr.: to invent cs, crimlna fingere, Cic: to bespatter the lustre of a life with cs, splendorem vitae maculis adspergere, Cic: to indulge in cs against a man behind his back, absentem aUquem rodere : Hor.: v. TO BACKBITE.

calve: pargre: v. T O BRING FORTH. Calvinism: 'calvinlanismus: Morh.

Poly, i, io, 3?. (But the word should only be used in purely technical sense: and even then Calvini dogmata would usu. be preferable.) calvinist: "calvlnianus: Morh. I.e.

(Better usu. Calvini sectator s. discip-UlUS : V. FOLLOWER.) calyx: 1. <aiyx, yds, m. -. piin.

2. caiathus: Col. cambric: tgnuisslmum Unum: Cic

Verr. 5, 11: v. LINEN. Camel: camglus; Cic: Pita.: c.

Bactrlauus: Linn. Phr.: camel's milk, camelinum lac, Plin.: o c. driver, camgiarius, Arcad. Dig. camelopard: camelBpardaiis, Is, /.:

Varr.: Plin. Cameo: 1. imago ectj?pa: Sen.

Ben. 3, 26. 2. ectypa scalptura: Plin. 37, 10, 63. camera obscura: "camgraobscura:

M. L. Camlet: pannus ex pills caprinis

factus. camomile: anthiimis, Idis,/.: Pita. camp (subs): cisira, orum: to pitch

a ft, c ponere, Caes.: to clioose ground for a c, locum castris capere, Sail.: lo break up a c, c movere, Caes.: Liv.: a permanent c, castra stotiva, Cic: a summer c, aesliva c. Suet, (or simply aestlva: Cic: Tac): a winter c, c. hiberna, Liv. (or oftener, simply hiberna, Caes.): arery strongly J oitifled c.muni-tlssima c, Cic. Phr.: the method of cs 105

c A M r C A N K E R - W O R M C A N V A S S

arec! warfare, castrensis ratio et miUteris, Cic.: c. amusements, castrenses ludi, Suet: to measure or lay out a c, cas-tramgtor, i: tor as two words, castra metor): Tac.: Liv. camp (v) •• V. TO ENCAMP. camp-follower: 1. cai", onis:

Caes.: Liv. 2. lixa: Liv.: Quint. campaign: 1. stlpendlum (esp. in

plu): ilie young men had now completed the eighth c, juventus octavo Jam s. functo erat, Hirt.: he had served Hie fewest cs, mlnime muita s. habebat, Liv.: thirty cs, tricena s, Tac. 2. aestlva, orum (as operations were confined to the summer months) : Hirt.: Veil. 3. tirocinium (one's first c.) : Liv.: Just camphor: camphora: M. L. camphorated: camphoratus: M.L. Can hubs): hirnga: v. JUG. can (v): 1, possum, pgtui, posse

(foil, by inf.; and used of all Icinds of ability or possibility): the enemy can no longer hold out, hostes diutius sustinere non possunt, Caes.: lie says he cannot grant any one a passage through the province, negat se p. iter ulli per provinciam dare, Caes.: all is now being done which I affirmed could not be done, omnia nunc fiunt fieri quae posse ne-gabam, Ov.: as diligently as I possibly could, ut [quam] diligentissime potul, Cic. (v. POSSIBLE, POSSIBLY): I cannot

but exclaim, non possum quin exclamem, Cic (more freq. facere non possum quin, etc.: v. BUT, iv.): I cannot but write to you, ut nihil ad te dem literarum facere non possum, Cic. 2. queo.quivi, qultum, 4 (less freq. than possum, and referring rather to possibility from circumstances than to inherent ability: with inf.): as we can, since we are not at liberty to do as we will, ut quimus, quando ut volumus non licet, Ter.: most freq. with negative: as, I cannot write the rest, non queo reliqua scribere, Cic: Hor.: for which we have 3. ngqueo, qulvi, itum, 4, which is far more frequent than the simple verb: / cannot but weep, nequeo quin lacri-mem, Ter.: ye cannot look straight at the sun, solem adversum intueri ne-quitis, Cic: Hor. Phr.: which cannot be said in verse, quod versu dicere non est, Hor.: ab what you can to save my son, serva, quod in te est, filium, Ter.: he can do what he chooses, i. e. is his own master, suae potestotis est, Nep.: I cannot tell what to do about the children, de pueris quid agam non habeo, Cic.: I can assert that as a positive fact, illud afnrmare pro certo habeo, Liv.: " what cannot be cured must be endured," levius fit patientia quicquid corrigere est nefas, Hor. When can or cannot refer to knowledge or ignorance, as of are art, they may be rendered by scio, nescio: v. T O K N O W H O W : when can signifies to 5e at liberty, it is expr. by licet: v. M A Y ; TO B E A T LIBERTY. Also can in combination with a passive verb may often be expressed with an adjective in bilis or His: as, towers which can be moved, mobiles turres, Curt.: a beast tliat can be taught, helua docilis, Cic: a knot that cannot be untied, nodus indissolubilis, Plin. canal: 1. fossa navlgabllis: to

excavate a c, f. navigabUem deprimere, Tac. (but f. facere is equaUy good Latin): or simply fossa: the c. of the Rhine, Rheni f, Cic 2. nllus or euripus (rare) : v. CONDUIT. (N.B. Not canalis; which is a water-pipe or conduit.) canary-bird: "frtagiUa Canaria :

Linn. canary-grass: phaiaris, idis, /. (?):

Plin. canary-wine: "vinnm ex insuiis

Fortunatis importatum. cancel: I, Lit: of written cha

racters: deleo; lituram facio: v. TO ERASE, BLOT OUT. ||, Fig.: to revoke or annul (q. v.) a wUl, engagement, etc.: 1, induco, duxi, ductum, 3 (with ref. to drawing the end of the stylus 106

over writing in wax): to c. a decree of Hie seriate, senatus consultum in, Cic.: to c contracts, locationes in, Liv. 2, tollo, sustoli, subiatum, 3: v. T O ABOLISH. 3. canccUo, 1 (from the practice of obliterating writing by cross lines) -.toc.a will, testamentum c, Uip.: v. T O REPEAL, RESCIND.

Cancelling (subs): rgsglutlo (rare): the c. of a sale, vendltionis r, Uip.: (more usu. expr. by part of verb: v. T O CANCEL). cancer: I. One of the signs of

the zodiac: cancer, cri: Lucr.: Ov. ||. A disease: 1, cancer, cri.- Cels. 2, carcinoma, atis, re.: Cels.: Plin. 3. phaggdaena: Plin. cancerous: 1. pbagSdaenlcus; c.

wounds, p. vulnera, Plin. 2, °an-crosus: M. L. candelabrum: candelabrum (a

candlestick: q. v.): Cic.: Plin. candid: 1, Spertus (lit open;

and so, unprejudiced): a c. mind, a. animus, Cic. 2. candldus (lit bright, fair): a c. judge, c. judex, Hor.: fl c. disposition, c. ingenium, Hor. 3, liber: v. FRANK. 4. slncerus: v. SINCERE. candidate: 1. candldatus (prop.

a ama. for a public of}lee; as such wore whitened togas) : a c. for the praetor-ship, praetorius c, Cic.: fl c for the consulship, consulatus c. Pita.: a c. recommended by Caesar, c Caesaris, Veil.: fl c. not for the consulship only, but for immortality and gloi-y, c. non consulatus tantum sed immortalitatis et gloriae, Plin.: a c. for crucifixion, c. crucis, Apul. 2. pgtltor (rare) : Hor. Phr.: to be a c.for the consulship, con-sulatum petere, Cic: Liv.: to announce oneself as a c, prgfItgri: Liv.: Sail.: the duty of a c, candidatorium munus, Cic. candidateship: pStttlo: Cic.: a

c. for the consulship, consulatus p, Caes.: to abstain from c. for public oflices, petitione honorum abstinere, Tac. Candidly J 1. sincere: to speak

c, s. dicere," Ter.; s. loqui, Cic. 2. candldg: Coel. ap. Cic. 3. libgre: v! FRANKLY. 4. apP.l'te: V. OPENLY,

UNDISGUISEDLY. Phr.: I was wont c. to acknowledge that I had been anxious to be praised by you, quod m e abs te cupissem laudari, aperte atque ingenue confitebar, Cic. Candied: "saccharo condltus. candle: 1. candela (made from

rushes, reeds, cords, etc.): to malce tallow cs, candelas sebare, Col. 2. se-bacgus (a tallow c): Apul. 3, ce-rgus (a wax c.) : Cic.: Sen. 4, cera: v. TAPER. candlemas : "candelaria (pi.) ;

festum purification's B. Mariae; festum S. Mariae candelarum: Du Cange, s. v. Candlestick: candelabrum: Quint.:

PUn. Candour: candor,libertas: v.FRANK

NESS, INGENUOUSNESS. Candy : "saccharo condio, 4: M. L. candy-tuft: Iberis,Idis,/.(?): Plin. cane (siibs); 1, canna (strictly

reed: q. v.): CoL: Ov. 2. (For riding or walking): bacillus, virga: v. STICK. Cane (v.): "baculo, virga, ferula

ferire s. verberare. Canicular: canlcularis, e: PaU. Canine: canlnus: Ov.: Juv.: c.

teeth, dentes c, Plin. canister: 1. pyxis, idis, /. (any

small box): a tin c, pyxis stannea, Plin. 2. capsula: v. BOX. canker (a disease of plants): |.

Lit.: roblgo: v. RUST, BLIGHT. ||]

Fig.: of that which eais away and destroys : 1. aerugo, Inis,/. (lit. copper-rust): this is sheer e. (with ref. to insidious calumny), haec est ae. mera, Hor. 2. labes, is, /. (lit. sfaim) .-here was the first c.-spot of my woe, hinc mihi prima mali labes, Virg. canker (».): pgrgdo, corrumpo: v. TO CORRODE. canker-worm: eruca: PUn.: Col.

cannibal: anthrgpgphagus: Plin. cannibalism: "hominibusvescendl

mos: to practise c, corporibus humanis vescl, Plin. cannon : "tormentum (the precise

sense being determined by the context-v. ARTILLERY). Phr.: to load a c, globum ferreum una cum pulvere (nt trato) in tormentum injicere: io discharge a c, "missilia (missilem globum) ex tormento, igni admoto, projicere. cannonade (subs): Phr.: fhetown

sustained a lieavy c, "oppidum tormentis graviter verberatum est: the e. ledial four hours, "per quattuor horas tormentis pugnabator: v. TO BATTER. cannonade ("•)•' tormentis verberare

or oppugnare: v. TO BATTER. cannon-ball: "globus ferreus tor-

mentarius; missllis globus. cannon-shot: v. C.-BALL. Phr,:

the ships soon got outqfc.-shol,*rmes extra tormentorum ictus brevi eva-serunt canoe: Unter, sdipha: V. BOAT. canon: I. A mle: \, canon

(tcaviav), Onis, m. (strictly, a carpenter's rule): the cs of grammar, c. gramma-tici, Ausou.: in M. L. often used of eccl. regulations: ConcU. Trident. (Labbe).

2, regiila, norma: RULE, LAW. Phr.: the c.-law, jus canonicum: Eccl

||, An ecclesiastical dignitary: cangnlcus: Eccl, canoness: "cangnlca: M. L. canonical: "canSnicus: M.L. canonically: "canSnlcg: M.L canonicals: "vestis sacerdotalis. canonization: "alicujus inter sanc-

tos relatio. (But usu. better expr. by a verb: as, after thee, of postquam inter sanctos est relatus: v. foil, art.)

Canonize: Phr.: "aliquem inter sanctos referre; sanctorum ordiniaggrc-gare (Kr.) : sanctorum ordinibus ad- !

scribere (cf. Hor. Od. 3, 3, 35); excel-lentes viros in coelum tollere, Cic: v. TO IMMORTALIZE. j canonry: "c&nonicatus, us: M.L. canopy: 1. conopeum (conoplum,

Hor.): i. e. originally, a curtain for Iceeping off mosquitoes (/cwvwires): Juv.

2, vela, orum: v. AWNING. ., 3. aulaeum (more freq. pi): v. euBTAm. cant (subs): "pietatis (erga Deum)

inanis ac verbosa ostentatio. Phr.; A c. term of trade, "vocabulum minus usitatum et opificii alicujus proprium. cant (v), *fictae pietatis ostentatione

se efferre. cantata: "carmen ad musicam ac-

commodatum. canteen: "caupona (taberna)milit-

aris s. castrensis. Canter (*»•): "leniter ac quiete cur-

rere; leniter quadrupedare: v. TO GALLOP. canter (subs.): (?) gradus lenis atque

quadrupedans: v. GALLOP. cantharides: cantharldes, um, /-:

PUn. canticle: used only in eccles. sense:

canticum: the book of Cs, canticuw canticorum, Vulg. canting (adj.): (?)*verbosus: cf.

Cic. Mur. 14: "ficta pietatese efferens: V. HYPOCRITICAL. cantingly: Phr.: to speak c

"pietatis simulatione loqui; "simulata pietate. canto: of a poem: liber: v. BOOK-. canton (subs.) : pagus: the state «

divided into four cs, civitas in quatuol p. divisa est, Caes. canton (v) -• P h r.: to c troops for

the winter, miUtes in hibernis collocare, Caes. cantonment: "loca exercitui cas

tris assignata; or simply, castra: v. QUARTERS. canvas: I. Coarse cloth: "lintetun

crassum. ||. Sails: q. v.: vela, orum. HI, Cloth for painting: w-tile, is, re.: a painting on cpicMMf textiU, Cic.: ftop. , canvass (v.) .• I. To solicit f« votes: 1, ambio, 4: the citizens are c.'d by tlie candidates, ambiuntur a eso-

C A N V A S S C A P I T U L A T I O N C A P T U R E

didaUs cives, Cic. 2. circumeo or circtteo, Ivi and Ii, Itum, 4 (like amnio, meaning to go round from house to house: but while amb. is the technical word for canvassing ire generoi, circum. refers more to tlie act of visiting): Fundus and Lentulus c.'d and worked with us, F. et Lvuna nobiscum drcumi-enint et laboraverunt, Cic: Antonius was c.vng Hie veterans to secure the ratification of Caesar's acts, Antonium c. Yeteranos,ut Caesar's acta sancirent, Cic

- 3, prgbenso or prenso, 1 (Ut. to take hold of the hands of voters): often in combination with circumire: as, dr-cumlre et p. patres, Liv.: Cic ||. To sift, discuss: q. v. canvass (subst): 1. ambitlo (a

legale): my c. withdrew me from that consideration, mea m e a. ab ilia cogitatione abstrahebat, Cic 2. ambitus, us (are unlawful c) -• v. BRIBERY : Cic.

3, pgtitlo: to devote oneself to a c, i.e. to solicit an office, petitioni se dare, Q c : v. CANDIDATESHIP. 4. prensatio (opening of a canvass by shalcing people's hands) : Cic Att. 1,1, init. canvasser: (?)circultor. (Orexpr.

by part of verb.- as, to choose cs for the different parts of the city, homines deligere qui singulos urbis vicos cir-cumeant: v. T O CANVASS.) canvassing (subs).- v. CANVASS. cap: 1. pilgus and pllgum (prop.

a felt c: the most common term): Liv.: Suet: wearingsuchac.,-p\leatns: Liv.: Suet: pllgglus and -Ium, o small c. of the kind: Hor.: Col. 2. gaierus, seldom -um (a kind of pileus or cap worn by priests; and made of the skin of a victim, Serv. ap. Face s. v.): Varr.: Apul. Also used for any close-fitting c: Virg.: Suet. 3. apex, Ids, m. (a conical cap worn byftamens): Virg.: Liv. 4. pgtasus, (a broad-brimmed c. like that of Mercury): PL capability: 1. fBcultas: thee.of

bringing forth, f. pariendi, Ter.: the c. of spealcing, f. dicendi, Cic 2. esp. in pi: opportilnltas: namlcs (of a place), maritimae op, Liv.: Cic: v. ADVANTAGES. 3. habllltas: v. CAPACITY.

Capable : 1. capax, aeis (with gen.).- an animal more c. of lofty reason, animal mentis capacius altae, Ov.: c. qf ruling, c imperii, Tac 2. Expr. by verbal adj. in -ans or -ens in act. sense: or -bllis, -His, in pass.: as, c of enduring fasting, cold, patiens in-ediae,frigoris,Sall.: c. of resisting temptation in respect qf money, conttaens in pecunia, Caes. In pass, sense: c. of being taught, docllis: with abl. (Plin.); gen. (Hor.); ad and occ (Varr.): c. of being penetrated, pgnetrabllis: Ov.: Sen.

3. Expr. by circuml.; by possum, etc.: as, the words are c. of both inter-' pretations, "verba in utramque partem accipi possunt: my friend is not c. of doing a base action, "amicus meus non is est qui tarpe quicquam in se admittat. Phr.: to be c. of division, destruction, divisionem, internum capere, Lact: v.

TO ADMIT OF.

capacious: 1. capax, ads: a c. urn-, uma c, Hor.: a roomy and c. house, spatiosa et c. domus, Plin.: a c. intellect, c. ingenium, Ov. 2. amplus: v. SPACIOUS. capaciousness: capacitas : Cic.:

Plin. capacity: 1,0/ extent of space:

capacitas: Cic: Plin. ||, Extent of mental power: 1, mensura: to lower oneself to the c. qf a learner, se ad m. discentis submittere, Quint 2. modus: v. MEASURE. HI. Ability itself: \. captus, us: esp. in phr. nt c. [meus, etc.] est, pro c. [meo, etc], to the extent of any one's c, Cic 2. inggnium: docility, memory, which are usually designated by the single name of c, docilitas, memoria, quae fere appellantur uuo ingenli nomine, Cic.: v. TALENTS, FACULTY. |V, Legal ability: capacitas : Gaius. Caparison (subs.): stratum, stragfi-luni: v. TRAPPINGS.

caparison Cc): insterno, stravi, stratum, 3 : horses c.'d with purple, instrati ostro alipedes, Virg.: shall your horse be c.'d more beautifully than your wife is dressed- ? equus taus speciosius instratus erit quam uxor vestita? Liv. cape: I. A promontory: prSmon-

torlum: to double a c, p. flectere, Cic.; p. superare, Liv. ||, A covering for the shoulders: hfimgrale, is, re.: PauLDig. caper ("•)•' exsulto: v. T O FRISK. caper (subs.) : exsultatlo: Plin.:

Col. Phr.: to cut strange cs, motus ridiculos dare: v. ANTICS. caper-bush: capparis, is, /.: Plin.:

Col.: "capparis spinosa, Linn. capercailzie: tgtrao, onis, m.: Suet:

PUn. capillary: 1, capiUaris, e: ApuL

2. capillacgus: Plin. (N.B. Used by those writers in the sense of hairy, hair-like.) Phr.: c. attraction, "ea at-tractio quae quasi per capillamenta fit (?): the cs (in anatomy), "venae capillares. capital (adj.): |. Chief: prin-

ceps, praecipuus: v. PRINCIPAL. f|, Affecting life (of offences and punishments) : capitalis, e: to accuse amy one of a c. offence, aliquem rei c. accusare, Oic.: fl e. crime, c noxa, Liv.: c. trials, judicia c. Quint.: c. punishment, c poena,Suet. Phr.: ac.crime,capltale, Cic.: fl c trial, judicium capitis, Cic.: c. punishment, capitis poena, Caes.: to accuse cf a c offence, capitis accusare, Nep. HI. Large, only in the phrase, c. letters, Uterae capitaneae, Auct rei agr.; Iiterae unciales (prop, letters are inch in size), M. L. (the term usually employed in distinguishing MSS. written in large square characters from those written ta cursive hand). |V- Excellent (q. v.): 1. insignis, e: cf. Phaedr. 1, II, 14. 2. ISpIdus (cornice): v. FINE. capital (subs): |, The highest

member of a column: capltulum: Vitr.: Plin. ||. A chief city: 1. caput, Itis, re.: Borne, the c. of the world, Roma, orbis terrarum c, Liv.: Hie c. and stronghold of the kingdom, c arxque regni, Liv. 2. regia (as the residence of the sovereign): Sardis, the c. of Croesus, Croesi regia Sardes, Hor.: PUn.: v. METROPOLIS. HI. Money employed for profit: 1. caput: to deduct interest from c, capiti mercedem exsecare, Hor. 2. s°rs, sortis, /.: both c. and interest, et s. et fenus, PL: the intei-est eats up tlie c, mergunt sortem usurae, Liv.: Qc. 3. fenus (foen.), Bris, re. (rare, and only of c. lent- at interest): PI.: Cic Phr.: Ae gives out qf his profit, and lias taken nothing from his c, dat de lucre, nihil detraxit de vivo, Cic.: c. out at interest, positi in foenore numl, Hor.: v. PRINCIPAL, STOCK.

capitalist: "qui pecunias suas fen-ore ponit, coUocat; qui ex opibus suis lucra facit (cf. Cic. Verr. 3, 38): or perhaps simply homo bene nummatus (Hor.), or ferigrator: v. MONEY - L E N D E R capitally: \.lna way affecting

life: Phr.: to punish c, capite punire, Liv. ||, Excellently, admirably (q. v.): egrggie, insignlter. capitation: I. Poll-tax: tributum

in singula capita impositam: Caes. ||, A grant of money made per head: 'pecunia in singula capita collate. Capitol: capltolifim: Liv.: in poet.

often pi.: Hor.: Vlrg. Capitulate: i. e. to surrender on

terms: ex pacto (or pactis) urbem trad-ere, dedere: v. foil, art, and T O SURRENDER. capitulation: 1. e. a surrender on

conditions: 1, deditio ex condition-ibus facta: cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 32; 3, 22. Sometimes, from the nature of the context, deditio alone is enough: as, o c. was determined, on: Hie terms being, etc., deditio facta est: pacta (sunt) ut, ete, Liv. 22, 52. 2. pactlo: Ut them talce back their arms which they delivered up in accordance with the c, reciplant arma quae per p. tfadlderunt, Liv.

capon: 1. capo, onis, ill.: Vara.' Mart. 2. gaUus spado: Pub. Syr. caprice: 1. uwdo (lttb.), inis, f.

(often in sense of lust: q. v.): what depends upon another's will, not to say c, quod positum est in alterius voluntote, ne dicam Ubidine, Cic: SaU. 2. in-constantla: v. INCONSTANCY, FICKLENESS.

Phr.: if such shall be the c. of usage, si volet usus, Hor.: v. T O PLEASE. Capricious : 1. lgvis, inconstans,

moblus, etc: v. FICKLE. 2. ventosus-(1. e. changing Wee the wind): the suffrages of the c^people, v. plebls suffragia. Hor.: Cic (Virg. expresses the idea fully ta his '• varium et mutabile semper femina.") capriciously: 1, ex libidine

(lub.): Sail. 2. inconstanter: Cic. capriciousness: lgvitas, mobiiitas:

v. FICKLENESS.

Capricorn:_ 1. caprlcornus: Cic.: Hor. 2. brumale signum: Cic capriflcation: capmicatio: PUn. capsicum: 1. plpgritis, is, and

Wis,/.: Plin. 2. sffiquastrum: Plin. 3. "capsicum amnium: Linn.

capstan; 1, su.cfi.la: Cato, 2. ergata, ae, m.: Vitr. capsular: capsularis,.e: M. L. capsule: I. In botany: vasculum:

Plin. 11. In anatomy: capsiila: M. L.; the c. qf the crystalline lens, *c. crys-tallina. captain: I. Chief (q. v.): prin-

ceps, dux, etc. Phr.: c of the watch, vigilum or vigilibus praefectus, Paul. Dig.: a c.of pirates, archiplrata, Cic.; Liv. ||, The commander qf a company or troop of soldiers: centurio (of infantry), praefectus (of cavalry), arc perhaps the best terms: v. OFFICER.

Ill, The chief officer in a ship: 1, navarchus (of a war-ship): Cic. 2. navlcularlus (of merchant vessels): Cic.: Tac. 3. naucleras: i. q. uavicularius: PL 4. magister (the most gen. term): the pilots and cs of the ships, gubernat-ores et m. navium, Liv.: Virg. Phr.: the c.ofa ship of war, centurio classi-arius, Tac. |V. A master of the military art: imperator, dux : v. GENERAL. Phr.: Considius was considered a very great c, Considius rei militaris peritissi-mus habebatar, Caes. captaincy X (?) centuriatus, us, (cf. captainship 5 CAPTAIN, H.): Cic caption: v. APPREHENSION. captious*. 1. Disposed! to jlred

fault, or to cavil: mSrosus: we are so hard to please and soe, that Demosthenes himself does not satisfy us, usque eo diffidles ac m. sumus, ut nobis non satis-faciat ipse Demosthenes, Cic. ||, Intended to ensnare: captlosus: c. questions, c taterrogationes,, Cic. Phr.: to make c. objections, cavUlarl, Cic.: Liv.: v. INSIDIOUS.

Captiously: captlose: to question e, c. interrogare, Cic Captiousness: morositas: Cic. captivate: 1. c8pio, cgpi, captum,

3 : to Be c.d by pleasure, voluptete capi, Cic: the minds of the young were craftily c.d, adolescentium animi dolls capiebantar, Sail. ' 2. dglgnlo, 4: to c. any one by tlie allurements of pleasure, aliqnem blanditiis voluptatum d, Cic.: Ov.: v. T O CHARM. Captive (subs): captlvus: fem. cap-

tlva: to ransom cs from slavery, cap-tivos e servitute redimere, Cic: Ov.: v. PRISONER.

captive (adj.) .- captivus: c. bodies, c. corpora, Liv.: a c. mind, c. mens, Ov. Phr,: Jugurtha is led c. to Rome, 3. Romain addudtur vinctqs, Sail. Captivity: captxvltas: the end of a

long c, finis diuturnae c, Cic.: Tac: v. SLAVERY. captor: qui capit, etc. Phr.: Hie

c.cfa city, urbis expugnator, Cic. capture (subs): The act of tak

ing : 1, captnra: the c.qf fishes, c piscium, Plin. 2, expugnatlo: the c, of a city, urbis ex, Caes. 3. More usu. expr. by verb: the c. of Saguntum increased the fame qf Hannibal, *3a-107

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C A P T U R E C A R E *F U L C A R I C A T U R E

guntum captum Hannibalis famam belli auxit: after the c. of the fort they attempted to demolish it, cum casteUum ante ceplssent, id demoliri sunt conati, Vitr.

Capture (v.): cBpio, exclpio: v. T O CATCH, TAKE.

Captured (adj.) : captlvus: c. ships, c. naves, Caes.; c. standards, c signa, Liv.: c. Zarecfc, c agri, Tac.

Capuchin : "capucinus; monachus ex ordine capucinorum : M. L.

Car." I. Equlv. to chariot (q. v.): currus, us, m. ||. A ponderous veliicle; as the c. of Juggernaut: "ingens ac turrltus (excelsus) currus. |||, An ordinary light vehicle: (?) cislum: v. CHAISE.

Carat: I. The third part of an ounce: unciae triens, entis, m.: M , L.

||. In measuring the fineness of gold: a proportionate part of the unit regarded as divided into 24 equal parts: as, gold 20 cs fine, "aurum purum ex dextente: (and so with the other fractions of the as). Caravan: I. A company of tra

vellers, etc.: 1. commgatus, us: cs coming from the sea of Pontus, c Pon-tico mail adventantes, Tac.: Suet 2, cgmltatus, Us: Caes.: Liv. ||, A large covered vehicle: "vehiculum magnum atque tectum. carauansary: 1. xgngdgciiium,

or -eum : Hier.: Cod. Just. 2. de-versorium: v. INN. caraway: cargum: Plin.: "careum

carvi: Linn, carbine: "sclopstum breve: M. L. carbineer: "eques sclopeto brevi

armatus: M. L. Carbon: "carbomum: M. L. carbonate: "carbonas, atis, m.:

M. L. Carbonic: "carbonlcus: M . L. : c.

acid, "acidum c. Carbonize: *in carbonium, (? car-

bonem) redigere. carbuncle: I. A tumour: \,

furuncutus: Cels.: Plin. 2. carbun-culus- Cels. [I. A pn-ecious stone: carbunculus: Plin.

carburet: carburetum: M . L. carburetted: carbonatus: M . L. carcass: 1. corpus: v. B O D Y . 2. tergum or tergus, gris, re. (poet.):

a hundred bristling c.'s of sivine, hor-rentla centum terga suum, Virg.: the c. of an entire ox, perpetui tergum bovis, Ov.: Phaedr. 3. cadaver : v. C O R P S E : Phr.: a lion was standing over the c. of a bullock, super juvencum stabat dejectum leo, Phaedr. Card (subs): |. Thick paper:

"charte crassior. ||, A piece of such paper used for special pwiposes : 1, a visiting card: "tessera salutatrix (?) ' cf. Mart. 9, 99. 2. A playing card: "charte lusoria: to play at cs, "chartis ludere: to shuffle Hie cs, "chartas 1. per-miscere; to deal the c.s, "chartas L dis-tribuere: a trump c, "charte domina-trix (?). Card, (subs.): an instrument for-

combing ivool: peoten, inis, n.: Plin. • Claud.

Card (v) : 1, pecto, pexi, pexum, 3 : Plin.: CoL 2. carmlno, 1: Plin. Carder of w o o l : carmlnator: Inscr. cardiac : cardlacus ; Cels. cardinal (subs): "cardinal's; pur-

piiratas: a c.'s hat, tiara cardinalis: to be made a c, in sanctum cardinalium (or, purpuratorum patrum) collegium cooptari, M. L.

Cardinal (adj): v. CHIEF, PRINCIP A L . Phr.: thee, numbers, cardinales numeri, Prise: the c. winds, cardinales venti, Serv.: the c. virtues, "virtutes primariao (?); virtutes eae quae quasi fontes universae honestatis sunt.

cardinalate: cardinaLatus.us: M . L. carding of wool: carmlnatlo: Plin. cardoon: cactus: Plin. care (subs): |, Anxiety. \, cura: cs and fears, c metusque, Cic.' consuming cs, c edaces, Hor. 2. sol-llcitfido: v. A N X I E T Y . Phr.: free from 108

ft, sgcilrus: Cic: Ov.: v. C A R E L E S S , SEC U R E . [|, Caution, attention: cfira: these things require active c. and diligence, haec acrem c. diligentlamque de-sidt'i-ant, Cic.: to display c, c. praestare, Suet.: to devote one's c. to a single object exclusively, in re una consumere c, Hor. Phr.: to talce care (of): (1). euro, 1 (with direct ace, or subj. with at, ne): you liave taken good c. of yourself, te curasti molliter, Ter.: the gods take c. of great things, but neglect the small, magna dli c, parva negligunt, Cic.: take c. of your health, cura ut valeas, Cic. (2). c'aveo, cavi, cautum, 2 (for constr. v. TO B E W A R E ) : take ft,)/ you please, cave sis, Ter.: take c, jurymen, lest anew proscription should seem to be set on foot, cavete judices ne nova proscriptio instourata esse videatur, Cic: / wish to lake better c. of Mm than he usually does of others, melius ei ea-vere volo quam ipse aliis solet, Cic. Phr.: c. must be taken lest he should rashly despair, considerandum est ne temere desperet, Cic.: it is all over with you unless you are talcing c, actum est de te nisi provides, Cic. |||, Charge, oversight: 1. cura: Hie c. of other people's affairs is difficult, difflcilis est c rerum alienarum, Cic.: Hie c. of the body, corporis c. Suet 2, curatlo: the c. and management of affairs, c. et administratio rerum, Cic. 3. custo-dia (i. e. watching over): the c. of the city, c, urbis, Liv.; tlie c. qf Hie body, c. corporis, Suet: the c. of the shepherd, c. pastoris, CoL: Hor. |V. The object of care: cura: thou (Hie commonwealth) no slight c. of mine, c non Ievis, Hor. Od. 1, 14, 18: this sense usu. expr. by the dat. (L. G. § 297): Caesar promised that that matter should be his c, Caesar pollicitus est sibi earn rem curae futuram, Caes.: while love is a (subject of) care, dum amor est curae, Ov. care (v.) •• 1. euro, 1 (with direct

occ, or sulp. with ut, ne): whack! wliack! it will be for my back; I don't ft, tax, tax, tergo erit meo; non euro, PL : J don't c that, who he is, non ego istuc c, qui sit, PL: to c.for the wrongs of the allies, injurias sociorum c. Sail.

2. pendo, pependi, pensum, 3 (i. e. to value, esteem.- with such genitives as parvi, flocci, etc.).- / c. less for their backs than mine, minoris pendo tergum illorum quam meum, PL; not to ft a sfraw for, (non) flocci p. aliquid, Ter.: PL 3. (in negative sentences): mg-ror, 1: / don't c. for Hie wines of that region, vina nihil moror illius orae, Hor. .-I don't c. for purple, purpuram nil moror, PL 4, prosplcio, 3 (to care for; i. e. talce thought for: with dat): v. T O PROVIDE FOR. Phr.: I don't c. in the least which sandals I take, nee mihi adest tontillum pensi, quos capiam calceos, P L ; similarly, pens! habere, Sail.: they never c.d at all, either what they said or what tliey did, illls quid dicerent, nee quid facerent, quicquam unquam pensum fuit, Liv. Careen: "navem in Iatus inclinare

ut reficiatur. Careening: expr. by verb: v. pre

ceding art. career: 1. curriculum: nature

has marked out for us a brief c. of life, an unbounded one of glory, exiguum nobis vitae c natura circumscripsit, im-mensum gloriae, Cic. 2. cursus, us : the ft of life is short, of glory eternal, vitae brevis c, gloriae seropiternus, Cic.: are uninterrupted c. qf battles, continuus c proeliorum, Tac. 3. decursus, us (a completed c ) : by going through tlie whole c. qf honours, deenrsu honorum, Cic. Or. 1, 1. 4. tgnor: v. COURSE. careful: I, Full of, or causing,

care: sollicitus, anxlus: v. A N X I O U S . ||, Provident, cautious (q. v.). 1,

dillgens, entis : most c. in guarding the man, ad hominem custodiendum dilig-entissimus, Cic: c. of every duty, omnis officii' d, Cic.: c. of life, vitae d, Plin. 2. attentus (somewhat stronger) :

a prudent and c. head of a f amity, na-terfamillas et pradens et at, Cfc • Hor

HI. Accurate (a. v.): 1, cCulosus (of persons): c. in every part qf history In omni historia c, Cic 2, dfr*gens-c. in composition,, d. fa compositlone Quint.: constant and c. writing, assidua ac d. scrlptura, Cic 3, acciiratus (ol things); a c. speech, art oratio, Cic, carefully: I. Anxiously: q, y,

||, Attentively, cautiously: \ dlllgenter: to read a book c, librum i'. legere, Cic.: the second lime he spake much moreciterum multum diligentius dixit,Cic: Caes. 2. came: vilwteouU he effect more c? quid efficere cautius potait/ Cic; to travel c, iter c. facere Caes. HI, Accurately: 1, aed-rate: to write e. and deliberately, ac cogitateque scribere, Cic. 2, exquisite : to discuss accurately and c., accurate et ex. disputare, Cic carefulness: I, Anxiety(q.v.):

cura, solllcltudo, etc ||, Cautiousness: dlllgentla: the enemy perceived tliat through the c. of our -men, no ad. vantage could be gained, hostes intel-lexerunt diligentia nostrorum nihil pro-fici posse, Caes.: Cic: v. CADTIOK,

III, Accuracy: q. v. Careless: I, Free from, anxiety.

seeurus: quite e. what may alarm Kri-dates, quid Tiridatem terreat unice s., Hor.: Cic.: v. UNCONCERNED. ||, In

attentive, neglectful: 1. negllgens:c. ire speech, n. in oratione, Sen.: v, NEGLIG E N T : a c. disposition, n. natura,Cic: too c. of one's allies and friends, sociorum atque amicorum negligentior, Cic.: too c. about tlie gods, circa deos negligentior, Suet. 2. indillgens; Caes,

3. dissBlutus (i. e. loose): c. in one's private affairs, d. in re familiari, Cic,

HI, Inaccurate: q. v. carelessly : 1. negllgenfer: v.

NE G L I G E N T L Y . 2. indillgenter: Cic.: Caes. 3, sgcurg (i. e. without con or concern): v. UNCONCERNEDLY. 4, tacuriosg : fl camp c. pitched in on enemy's country, castra in hostico in, posite, Liv.: Gell. 5. sglnte, dlssg-lute: v. LOOSELY, L A X L Y .

carelessness: 1. incuria: sol-dieis destroyed by ft, milites incuriri consumpti, Cic.: thee, of public oncers, magistratuum in, Tac. 2. negli-gentia. (stronger than incuria: v. SB-G L E C T ) : c. ire accusing, n. In accusando, Cic: a neatness which shuns rustic and rude c, munditia quae fugiat agrestem et inhumanam n, Cic. 3. securitas (i. e. freedom from concern or apprehension) : Quint.: Tac

caress (v.) •• 1. blandior, 4 (with dot): Ov.: Plin.: v. T O COAX. 2, mulceo, permu'ceo; palpo or palpor, I: v. T O F O N D L E . 3. oscular, i (strlctl? to kiss: q. v.) : they embraced^ tky c'd my enemy, inimicum meum am-plexabantur, osculabantur, Cic: v. io

EMBRACE. caress 0»6s.): 1, blandlmcntiini

(usu. in j)!.).- women's cs, imiliebria a-, Tac 2. blanditla (usu. in pi.)?*™-men's cs, muliebres blanditiae, '10.

3. amplexus, us: v. EMBRACE. ' 4, (more usu.): expr. by part of verb: as, to present the neck (of a stag) for es, colla mulcenda praebere, Ov.: she refuses his cs, "permulcentem s. palpaB-tem (pectora, colla, etc.) aversatufYv, T O CARESS. TO obtain a thing by c,s, eblandiri (rare): Cic: T O WHEEDLE.

caressing (adj.): blandus: you an not sufficiently c, blanda es parum, ri.

caressingly; blande: Cic-'-Hor. cargo: onus, gris, n.: thither my

all resorted with their wares and c.8, eo omnes cum mercibus atque oneriM commeabant, Cic. Pbr.; toputaship c. aboard, navem onerare, Sail-: to discharge a ship's c, navem exonerare, PI.

caricature (subs): imago ficto in pejus vultu posita: cf. Hor. Lp. I, '> 265; "imago ridicule in pejus detorta-(Plin. N. H. 35, 10, 37, speaks of ludicrous pictures called grylli: these were probably a kind of caricatures.)

C A R I C A T U R E

caricature («•) •* vultum aUcuJus in pejus fingerc, Hor. 1. c (of -course only of a caricature likeness): cf. subs. caricaturist: (?)gryIlorumpictor:

or expr. by verb: v. CARICATURE. caries: carles, el,/.: thee, of a bone,

c ossis. Cels.: v. ROTTENNESS. carious: cariosus: a c. bone, os c,

Cels.: c teeth, c. dentes, PUn. carman: 1. 1ui carram aglt,

ducit. 2. vecturarlus: Cod. Theod.: v. WAG G O N E R .

Carmelite: "carmeUtanus or carme-lita: M. L carminative (adj.): "carminati-

vus: M.L. Phr.: c. medicines, medi-camenta quae inflationem discuUunt, PUn. carminative (subs).- remedium vel

medicamentumcarminativum: M.L. carmine: © coccum: Plin. -. v.

SCARLET. Carnage: caedes, strages: v.

SLAUGHTER. Carnal: I. Appertaining to Hie

flesh: esp. of sensuality: expr. by gen. of corpus: c pleasure, oorporis voluptas, Cic.: V. SENSUAL, BODILY. ||. Theol. 1.1. carnalis, e: Tert carnality: v. SENSUALITY. In theol,

sense, carnaLItas: Aug. carnally: esp. in phr. to know c:

Ineo: v. INTERCOURSE. In tbeoL sense, carnallter: Tert carnation: I. Flesh colour: color

carnis: Plin. ||. AJlower: "dianthus caryophyUus: Linn. Carnival: "feriae ante quadragesi-

mam. lu a looser sense. Saturnalia, re. plu., may perhaps be used. carnivorous: carnlvgras: Plin. carob: 1. slliqua: Plin. 2.

sIHquaGraeca; CoL Carol (subs.) : cantus: v. SONG. A

Christmas c, hymnus de Christl nata. Carol (v): canto, cantiUo: v. TO

SING. carotid arteries: "arteriae carB-

tldes: M. L. carousal, carouse: 1. comis-

satio: Cic: Liv.: v. REVEL. 2. po-tatio: a dinner, a ft, or a supper, pran-dium, p, coena, PL: yawning from yesterday's c, hesterna p. oscitantes, Cic ap. Quint.: v. DRINKING. Carouse (v): 1. comissor, i:

Ter.: Liv.: Hor. 2. pbto, potavi, pbtatom and potum, I: they were c.ing all day long, totes dies potebatur, Cic.: v. to DRINK. Sometimes, from the context, bibo may suffice: cf. Hor. Od. I, 31, i, nunc est bibendum, "reouj must we c." 3. perbacchor, i: to c during many days, muitos dies p, Cic.: Claud. carouser: comissator: Ter.: Cic:

v. REVELLER.

carousing (adj.); comissabundus (riotously): Liv. Carp at: 1. carpo, carpsi, carp-

tum, 3 : Sabinus was c.'d at in the conversations qf the soldiers, Sabinus miU-tum vocibus carpebatar, Caes.; Liv.

2. vclllco, I (lit to peck at): Cic; Hor.: v. T O CENSURE, CAVIL. 3. mor-

deo, mgmordi, morsum, 2: to be c.'d at by Hie tooth of jealousy, invido dente morderi, Hor. carp (subs.) : cyprlnus, Plin. carpenter: 1. faber; with a

qualifying word: as, f. tignarius, Cic ; f. lignarius, Pall.; f. materiarius, Inscr. (these specific words are also sometimes used as substantives). 2. structor : Cic: v. BurLDER. 3. naupegus, nanpggiarius (ship's c): v. shipbuilder. (N.B.—Not carpentarius, which is a coach-maker) camentry: l- e. the craft .- 1.

mStSrfatOra fabrllis: Vitr. 2. ma-tgrlaria fabrica: Plin.

carper: v. CAVILLER. Carpet (subs.): 1. stragulum ;

the gea term for all kinds of coverlets (q. v.): Varr.: Cic. 2. tapes, gtis, m.: tapStg, is, n.: pi. lapgte: used of worked tapestry (q. V.) of all kinds: Virg.: Plin. (N.B.—The rooms of the indents were uncarpited; and the

CAP. RY A W A Y

above words occur chiefly in sense of coverings for couches, etc.) carpet (»•)•* Par.: fo c. a room,

"conclave tapetis stemere. Carping (adj.): mordax, acis: a c.

and envious person, ni. et livldus, Hor. Carping (subs.): expr. by verb: v.

TO CARP. Phr.: fond of c, mordax, invldus: v. JEALOUS. carpingly: expr. by verb: as, to

speak c, cavillor, etc.: v. T O CAVIL. Carriage *. I. The act of carry

ing: vectura: we tent a person to pay for the c, misimus qui pro v. solveret, Cic.: Hiec. of goods, v. mercium, Paul. Dig. ||, A wheeled vehicle: 1, vghlculum (most gen. term) : PL: Cic. 2. rheda (four wheeled c): Caes.: Hor. 3. carpentum (a two wheeled ft esp. for ladies) : Liv.: Ov.

4, pllentnm (ore easy c, chiefly for ladies; by whom it was used on festival days): Liv.: Virg. 5. carruca (four wheeled travelling c): Suet.: Plin. 6. peterrltum (a four-wheeled ft, of Gallic origin): Cic |||. The cost qf conveying : vectura (=pretium vectarae): PL: Sen. |V. Gesture, mien (q. v.): lncessus, habitus, gestus. carriage-maker: 1. rheJarius:

Capitol. 2, carpentarius artifex: Lampr.: also simply, carpentarius: Tarrunt Dig. Carrier: 1. ggriilus: Suet: Hor.:

v. PORTER. 2. vector: tliere ought always to be more strength in the c. Hum in the burthen, debet semper plus esse virium in vectore quam in onere, Sen.: Hie c. cf SHenvs, Sileni v, Ov.

3. portltor: CLiud.: Cod. Just. Carrion: mortidna caro: Sen. carrot: 1. carota: Apic 2,

pastlnaca: Plin. 3. *daucus carota: Linn. Carry'. To bear, convey (Ut. and

fig-) : 1. f5ro, tuli, latum, 3: he was c.'d in a closed littei; operta lectica Iatus est, Cic : he ordered the standards to be c'd, signa ferri jussit, Caes.: to c. a corpse (to the grave), cadaver ferre, Hur.: prov. " to c coats to Newcastle," ligna in silvam f, Hor. 2. porto, 1 (esp. of heavier things): to c. burthens, onera p, Caes.: to c bread- ore oree's shoulders, panem humeris p, Hor.: they c'd Hie joyful news to their wives and children, ad conjuges liber-osque laetum nuntium ponabant, Liv.

3. vgho, vexi, vectum, 3 (esp. of conveying passengers or goods): a bull c.'d Eurqpa, taurus vexit Europam, Cic: to ft a basket of bread on one's slioulder, reticulum panis numero v., Hor. 4. gero, 3: v. TO BEAR. 5. gesto, 1 (c. about): he cut off the head and ordered it to be c.d about fixed on a pike, caput abscidit, idque affixum ges-tari jussit in pilo, Cic.: I have c.'d the boy in my hands, puerum in manibus gestevi meis, Ter. 6. bgjulo, 1 (of pollers: rare): / will c. the load, ego bajulabo, PL: Phaedr. Phr.: to c a law, legem perferre, Cic.: to c. one's point, pervincere ut, Liv.: to ca town by storm, oppidum expugnare or vi capere, Caes.; the engines ft a missile across the river, "tormenta tela trans flumen projiciunt; to c. to an account, in rationes referre, Cic.

away: 1. aufgro, abstilli, ablatum, 3: lie used to c. away many things to his own house, muita domum suam auferebat, Cic: I am c.'d away against the cliffs, auferor in scopulos, Ov. Fig.: I exhort you not to allow the advice of others to c. you away, te hortor ne te auferant aliorum consilia, Cic 2. eifgro, 3 (only in pass, and fig.): to be c.'d away by zeal, by desire, studio, cupiditate efferrl, Cic. 3. as-porto, 1: to c. avay on image, simulacrum as, Cic: Liv. 4. avgbo, 3: to c. away anyone from his native country, aliqnem a patria av, PL: they c.'d avay the corn in ships, frumentum na-vibus avexerunt, Cues. 5. evgho, 3 (fig.): c.'d away by unfounded hope, spe vana evectus, Liv. 6, provgho, 3

C A R R Y O U T

(fig.): I feel that I have been c.'d further than the proposed plan required, sen tie me esse longius provectum quam pro-posita ratio postularet, Cic.: Liv. 7, raplo, raptil, raptum, 3 (fig.): blind desire for plunder and rapine c'd you away, praedae ac rapinarum cupiditas caeca te rapiebat, Cic.: by the opinions cf the mob we are c.'d auay into error, opinionibus vulgi rapimur in errorem, Cic. carry along (of buildings, etc.): 1,

duco, duxi, ductum, 3: toea wall along through a vestibule, parietem per ves-tibulum d, Cic.: to c along a trtneli, fossam d, Caes. 2. perduco, 3 (of reaching a certain limit) : he cs a wall along from Lalce Lemanus io Mount Jura, a lacu Lemanuo ad montem Jurani murum perducit, Caes. 3. ago, ggi, actum, 3 (rare): the main sewer liad to be c.'d along under ground, cloaca maxima sub terram agenda erat, Liv.

back: 1. rSfgro, 3: c. the vessels back to the house, vasa domum refer, PL : Hie ships were c.'d back to the same place, naves eodem referebantur, Caes. 2. rgporto, 1: to c. back Hie gold, aurum r, PL: to c. back an army in ships, exercitum navibus r, Caes.

3, rgvgho, 3: to c. back Hie booty, praedam r, Liv.: Hor, 4 rgggro, gessl, gestum, 3 (rare): Liv.-. Ov.

off: I. To take away forcibly : 1. fero, 3: he saw the pivperty qf his allies c.'d and driven eg, res socio-rum ferri agique vidlt, Liv.: the fates have c.'d you off, te fata tulerunt, Virg.

2. aufgro, 3 : swift death c.'d off illustrious AchiUes, abstulit clarum cita mors Achillem, Hor.: their children arc c 'd off to serve elsewhere, libert alibi servituri auferuntur, Tac. 3. inter-clplo, cgpi, ceptum, 3 : v. T O CUT OFF.

4. raplo, 3 : to c. off maidens, vir-gines r, Liv.: Hor.: v. T O RAVISH. 5. praeriplo, 3 (to c off first, bifore someone, else): -why did you come hither to c. off my betrothed ? quid hue venisti. sponsam praereptum meam ? PL: to c. off the arms of Minerva, arma Minervae p., Ov..- Lucr. 6. traho, traxi, trac-tum, 3 : toe. off spoils from anyone, de aliquo spoliat, Cic.: toe. off booty from the fields, praedam ex agris tr, Liv.

II, To gain (in a contest): 1, lero, 3: toe. off Hie victory, po Imam f, Cic: toe.off a victory from an unarmed man, victoriam ex inermi f, Liv. 2. aufgro, 3: to c. off a reward, praemiuni auf. Suet 3. deporto, 1: toe. off a triumph, triumphum d, Cic. 4. re-porto, 1: toe. off nothing except renown from either foes or allies, nihil praete: lauaein ex bostibus repurtare, Cic. 5. toUo, 3: Virg.

On : 1. exerceo, 2: to c. on a trial, Judicium ex, Cic: to c. on an investigation about an assassination. quaestionem inter sicarios ex, Cic. 2. facio, fgci, factum, 3 : to c. on the business of a banker, argentariam f, Cic.

3, ggro, gessl, gestum, 3 (esp. of public business): toe. on and manage public affairs, rem publicam g. et adminis-trare, Cic.: to c. on an undertaking, susceptum negotium g, Cic.: to c ore war, bellum g, Caes.: Cic. Phr.: to c. on war in conceit, bellum conjungere, Cic.

Out: I. To convey out: \. effgro, 3 (esp. to carry out for burial) : PL: Cic.: to c. out provisions from home, cibaria domo ef, Caes.: he ordered the standards to be c'd out of the camp, vexi 11a efferri e castris jussit, Liv. 2. exporto, 1: to c. the bodies of the dead out of the houses, corpora luce carentum tectis ex, Virg.: Caes. 3. Sggro, 3 : to c. the booty out of the houses, praedam ex tectis eg, Liv. 4, evgho, 3 : the statues were c.'d out of the temples in v aggons, sigua ex fanis plaustris evecta sunt, Cic: to c. ships out into the open sea, naves in altum ev., Liv. ||. Ta perform fully ; exsgquor, sgcutus, 3 : io c. out one's undertalrings, incepta ex, Liv.; v. TO ACCOMPLISH, EFFECT. 09

C A R R Y O V E B C A S H I E R C A S T U P O N

carry over: transfero, 3 : a statue of Diana c.'d over to Carthage, simulacrum Dianae translatum Carthaginem, Cic.: the system is thought to have been invented in Britain and thence c.'d over into Gaul, disciplina in Britannia re-perta atque lnde in Galliam translate esse existimatur, Caes.: v. T O T R A N S F E R .

round: 1. circumfgro, 3 : come, c. round the wine, age, circumfer mulsum, PI.: to c. are infant round through the temples, infantem per tein-pla c. Suet. 2. circumgesto, I: toe round a letter, epistolam c, Cic

through: perfero, 3: he c.'d tlie law through, i. e. succeeded in passing it, legem pertulit, Liv.: to c. through an action at law, actionem p , Paul. Dig. cart (subs.): plaustrum: plostellum;

v. W A G G O N . Phr.: to put the ft before

the horse, praeposteris uti consiliis, Cic cart (»•)•' plaustro vghgre: v. T O

CARRY.

cartage: vectura: v. CARRIAGE. cart-grease : axungla : Plin.: v.

GREASt. cart-horse: jumentum (gen. term

for 6eas{ of burden): Caes.: (?) gquus plaustrarius (cf, p. asini, Cato). cart-load: vghes,is,/.: Plin.: Col. Cart-wright: plaustrarius: Lampr. Cartel: originally the piece of paper

or card on which a communication was sent (tabula, tabella): hence, the communication itself: (1) respecting ex-change of prisoners: pactio de captivis permutandis: v. A G R E E M E N T : (2) of a

challenge: (?) epistola provocatoria: v. TO CHALLENGE.

carter: plaustrarius: Uip. cartilage: cartllago,Inis,/.: Cels.:

Plin. cartilaginous: 1. cartnagingus:

Plin. 2. eartllaglnosus : Cels.: Plin. cartoon: "picturae adumbratio in

charte spissiore facta: v. S K E T C H . Cartouche: I, A cartridge-box :

q.v. ||, An architectural ornament: 1. hglix, Icis, /..- Vitr. 2, vo

lute : Vitr. cartridge: "embolus (Kr. and

Georg.): as t. term. cartridge-box: "embolorum pyxis:

v. supr. Carve : I. To cut artistically : 1, caelo, i (chiefly of work in

metal; esp. gold oi- silver: and always of designs ore the surface: v. T O C H A S E , E M B O S S ) : the brave deeds of their father's c.d on gold, caelate in auro fortia facta patram, Virg.: fto*«;or/c,caelatum opus, Virg. 2. sculpo, sculpsi, sculptum, 3 (of carving are entire work; not merely the surface): a wise man is not c.d out cf stone nor hewn out of oak, sapiens non est e saxo sculptus aut e rohore dolatus, Cic.: he c.d snow-white ivory with wonderful skill, niveum mira arte sculpsit ebur, Ov. 3. exsculpo, 3 (to carre out): I had c.d out of an oak someHiing which seemed like a resemblance, e quercu exsculpseram quod videretur simile slmulacri, Cic. 4, insculpo, 3 (to c. in ar upon): lots cd upon oak, sortes in robore insculptae, Cic.; to c. tlie amount of one's patrimony upon a stone, s u m m a m patrimoni in. saxo, Hor. 5, scalpo, 3.- i. e. to ere-grave: q. v. 6. incldo, cidi, cisum, 3 : v. T O E N G R A V E : to o. one's loves on trees, amores arboribus in, Virg. || To cut up food for distribution; \, sgco, avi and ui, atom and ctum, i: to c. viands with propriety, altilia decen-ter s,Sen. Ep.47,5: Juv. 2. scindo, scidi, scissuiu, 3: to c. viands, obso-nium s. Sen.: to c birds, aves s. Sen.

3. carpo, psi, ptum, 3 (prop, to take with the fingers): Petr. Phr.: to Be clever at c.ing, certis ductibus drcum-ferens eruditam m a n u m in frusta ex-cutere, Sen. I. c. Carver : I. An artist who carves: 1. caelator: Cic: Juv. 2. scalp-

tor: VeU.: Plin. ||. A cutter up qf meat: 1, carptor: Juv. 2. scissor: Petr. 3. structor: the c.'s knife, structoris ferrum, Mart.: Juv. 110

carving: caelatiir* (either tlie art, or the carved object). Quint: Suet: v. RELIEF. carving-knife: cuiteiius: Juv. caryatides; caryatides,/, pin.: Vitr. cascade: dgjectus, us- v. W A T E R

FALL. (More precisely, perh. aquae de-jectus multis saltibus per saxa factus.)

Case (subs) = covering, sheath: q. v. 1, invglucrum: Cic: Plin. 2.

theca: when the razor is safe in its curved case, fuerit curva cum tuta nova-cula theca, Mart.: Cic. case (subs.): J. Slate, condition,

circumstances: q.v. 1. res, rgl,/.: if the c. shall require it, si res postula-bit, Cic: the ft is this, ita res se habet, Cic: considering the circumstances of the case, pro re nata, Cic. 2. causa (chiefly in certain phr.: v. examples): sometimes it is the duty qf a man to commit suicide, while qf another, in the same case, it is not, nonnunquam mortem sibi Ipse consciscere aliquis debet, alius in eadem causa non debet, Cic.: ire Hie same c. were the Usipetes, in eadem c. fuerunt Usipetes, Caes.: to be in better (more desirable) c, ta meliore c esse, Cic. 3. casus, us (lit a chance; hence esp. a contingent c): to make preparations for every contingent ft, ad omnes c subsldia comparare, Caes.: Cic. 4. tempus, gris, re. (esp. a particular c, cr crisis; q. v.): Caesar accuses the Aedui of not assisting him in so urgent a ft, C. Aednos incusat quod tam necessario t. ab iis non sublevetur, Caes.: cs often happen when, etc., t saepe incidunt quum, etc, Cio. 5. Very often expressed by a neuter adjective or pronoun, or left to be understood : as, since such is the ft, quae cum ita sint, Cic.: the c. is as you say, sunt ista, Cic,: and yet the c. is so, at-qui sic habet, Hor.: I was afraid that the c. which has occurred might befal, timebam ne evenirent ea quae accide-runt, Cic.: cs often occur in which debtors do not meet their engage ments punctually, fit saepe ut ii qui debent non respondeantad tempus, Cic: the same c. has not happened tome as you wiite has befallen you, non venit idem usu mihi- quod tu tibi scribis, Cic. P h r.: his c is dangerous (of a sick person), periculose aegrotat, Cic: were my c. yours you would think differently, tu si hie sis, aliter censeas, Ter.: impartial law /ios always been striven after; for in any other c. it would not be law, jus semper est quaesitum aequa-bile ; neque enim aliter esset jus, Cic: fear is embarrassing in bath cs, pavor est ntrobique molestus, Hor.: ire case: v. IF, SUPPOSING. II. A statement of

facts, a point submitted for decision or opinion: 1, quaestio: to state a c, q. ponere, Cic.: a ft of conscience, *q. ad conscientiam pertinens: v.CASUISTRY.

2, propgsiilo (legal): Afric. Dig. HI, In law: causa: v. L A W S U I T .

IV, The inflection of a noun: casus, us: the nominative c, c. rectus, Cic.: the oblique cs, c obliqui, Quint. Case (v): tggo, includo: v. T O CO

VE R , ENCLOSE. case-harden: "extrinsecus diirare:

v. TO HARDEN.

Casemate: (?)cellatormentaria(K!r.) casement: fSnestra mobilis, or

simply, fenestra: perhaps, fgnestrella: CoL: or fgnestrula: Apul. cash (subs.) 1, numgratum: I had

no C, numeratum non habebam, Cic: Liv.: Hor. 2. numgrate pecunia: Cic.: Mart. 3. praesens pecunia: to deal for ft, praesenti p. mercari, PL: everything will be sold for c, omnia ve-nibunt praesenti p, PL: Cic. 4, nu-mus (nummus): in pi.: virtue after c, virtus post nummos, Hor.: v. M O N E Y . cash (v): pecunia numerata solvere

or pendere: to c. a bill, nomen praesenti pecunia solvere (cf. Cic. Att 6, 2).

cash-book: codex accepti et expensi, Cic.: v. A C C O U N T - B O O K . cashier (subs): "scriba (procurator ?) numularius, pecuniarius.

cashier (v.): 1. exauctgro, i-Caesar c'd the centurion and even ow, nished him (for adultery), Caesar (I e Trajanus) centurionem exauctoravit at que etiam relegavit, Plin, Ep.: •[& . Suet. (But the* verb is aUo used in tie sense of to discharge a soldier who has served his time: q. v.) 2. cumigno. minia dimitto, misi, missum, 3 (stronger than 1): he c.'d the whole qf the tenth legion, declmam legionem cum igno-miniatotam dimisit, Suet. casino : perh. conventfcttlnm: cf

Tac A. 14, IJ. cask: ciipa: Caes.: Cic: v.BARBEL,

TUB. Casket: 1, arciila: Cic: a c-

maker, ardilarlus, PL 2. pyxis Idis, /.: v. BOX.

casque: cassis: v. HELMET. Cassia: .casla or cassia: Plin. cassock': "tunica clericorum. cassowary: "casuarius: M. L, cast (v): |. Lit: jacio, con-

JIcio;jacto, mitto: v. T O T H R O W . Phr.; to c. anchor, ancoras jacere, Caes.: to c. a man into prison, aliquem In carcerem conjicere, Cic: to ft those overpowered with wine into a deep sleep, vino onera-tos sopire, Liv.: lots had been etc decide this, dejecta in id sore erat, Liv. (v. LO T ) : to c. a play, "fabulae partes in singulos histriones (actores) dlstribuere: to c. a nativity, fata per genituram interpreted (cf. A m m . 29,1, 5): v. HOROS C O P E : the eyes of all tlie jurymen were e. upon Oppianicus, oculi omnium judicum in Oppianicum conjiciebantur, Cic: toe. one's eyes (covetously) upon a thing, rel oculos adjicere, Cic: acing vote, quae ad cumulum accedit sententia, Cic. CL 27,74. ||, To suffer to faU off: exuo, iii, utum, 3 : serpents e. thea1

old slcin, angues vernationem ex., Plin. (also vemant, Plin.): v. T O SHED. [||, To condemn (a. v.): damno, 1: C. lid-nius Stolo was c. by M. PopiUxus Loans in 10,000 asses, C. L. Stolo a M, P. Laenate decern mi libus aeris est damns-tus, Liv. Phr.: to be c. in a suil, causa cadere, Cic: v. T O PAIL. |V, * form out of molten metal: \, Jo, 1: the oldest bronze money was c, aes antiqnissimum est flatum, Varr.: Gell.

2, fundo, ffidi, fusum, 3 (moreusu.): to c. the limbs qf a statue, statuae membra f. Quint.: Hor.: v. T O FOUND.

d o w n : 1. dejiclo, jeci, jectum, 3: to c. down one's eyes upon the ground, oculos in terram d, Virg.: Quint. Fig.: they were c. down frai tliat hope, ea spe dejecti sunt, Caes.

2, affligo, flixi, flictum, 3 (fig.: stronger than dejicio): to c. dom did weaken one's spirits by fear, animos af. et debilitore metu, Cic.

off: 1, amgveo,movi,motum, 2 (fig.) : c off your sloth, segmKem amove, PL: fear being c. off, amoto metu, Ter. 2. exuo, ui, utum, 3 (v. T O smrp O F F ) : to 0. off Hie yoke, jUgtun ex, Liv. Fig.: to c. off one's country, patriam ex, Tac 3. pono, 3: v. 10 LAY ASIDE.

out: 1, ejicio,jeci,jectum,3: it was a gi-eat thing to c. me out (drive me into exile), e. nos magnum fuit, Cic: v. T O E X P E L . 2. expello, pttli, pulsum, 3 : V. TO DRIVE OUT, BANISH. 3. «-spuo, in, utum, 3 (to vomit forth): wU sea c. you out from its foaming fcWtt quod mare te spumantibus exsptjit iiiiilis? Cat "

U P (of accounts): subduco, duxi, dnctam, 3 : toft up the torn s u m m a m s, Cic. Att. 5, 21.

u p o n : I. L i t : chieflym pass.; as, to be c. upon an island, in insulam depelli, dejici, deferri (v. w DRIFT). ||. Fig.: esp. of 6Zame, "«-

putation: 1. aspergo, spersi, spersuEi, 3: by your praise you ft a refection upon a most distinguished man, clans-simo viro nonnullam laudatione tua labe-culam aspergis, Cic. 2. conjlclo, J' to c blame upon the one watckfuljer*^ son, culpam in unum vigilem c, LIT-* Cic. 3, confgro, tiili, latum, 3: »

CAST CATCH CATHOLIC

c blame upon the mob, culpam iu multl-tudinem c, Caes.: v. B L A M E . cast (subs.) •* I. The act of throw

ing: jactus, us: Cic: v. T H R O W . ||,

The distance that a thing is thrown: jactus, us: within a missile's c, intra tell jactum, Virg. |||. A throw of dice: jactus: Liv.: Ov. | V. A tinge: Ph r.: a pearl that has a c. of brown, margarita suffusca,Tac: a tragic cast (of style), tragicus color, Hor. V. dn oblique turn in Hie eye: P h r.: to have a e. ire the eyes, perversis oculis esse, Cic: a man that has a c in the eye, paetus, Hor. VI. Anything cast in metal, plaster, etc.: 1, typus: Cic.: PUn. 2. aes, aeris, re. (of bronze casts): Hor.: PUn. Phr.: to form a wax c. in a mould of plaster of Paris, ceram ta formam gypsi tafundere, Plin. VII. The distribution of parts in a play: "fabulae partium in singulos actores distributio.

castanet: 1. crgtaium: Cic 2. (?) crusma, atis, re.: Mart. 6, 71. castaway: perdltus: v. OUTCAST,

RUINED.

caste: ordo, inis, m. (used by Bopp to denote caste: Gloss. Sans.): more precisely, ordo hominum qui semper •eundem vitae s tatam tenent quem patres tenebant. Castellan: "castellanus: M. L.; arci

or castello praefectus. castellated: turrltus: c walls, t.

muri, Ov.: c. ships, t puppes, Virg. caster: I. A thrower: jaculator:

Liv.; Hor. ||. A caster of metals: 1. flator: Pomp. Dig. 2. natu

ral-Ins : Cod. Theod. |||. Of nativities: l.astrglggus: Cic: Suet. 2, fatorum per genituras interpres.- A m m .

|V. A small metal wheel: "rbtula aenea. castigate: tastigo, 1: Cic: Virg.:

V. T O CHASTISE, PUNISH.

Castigation: castigalio: Cic: Liv.: (or expr. by verb: v. T O CHASTISE). castigator : castigator: Liv.: Hor. Casting (subs): 1. conjectus, iis:

acofthe eyes upon any one, oculorum conjectus, Cic. 2. fflsura (of metals): Plin. 3. flatura ( = No. 2): the c. of bronze, aeris f, Vitr. casting-net: 1, funda: Vlrg.

2. retg j8culum: PI.: or simply, • jadilum: Ov. f castle: 1. casteUum: Caes.: Cic. 1 Phr.: Hie defenders or garrison of a 1 castle, castellani, Liv. 2. turns, is, /. ; (as the residence of a prince, etc.): the : huts of the poor, and the cs of kings, 1 paupernm tabernae, regumqne tarres, Hor.: a royal ft, turris regia, Ov. Phr.:

1 he builds cs in the air, hie vigllans som-n!at,PL castor: v. BEAVER.

1 castor-oil plant: 1. <sci,indeci. ;».: Cels.: Plin. 2. croton: Plin. : 3, rldnus: Plin. (r. communis, i Linn.). i Castor-oil: clclnum oleum: Plin. i castrate: 1. castro, i: Varr.: Suet 2. exsgco, i: Cfc: Mart. 3. ; sgco, ui, sectum, i: Mart.

Castrated (adj.): 1. castrates: : Cic.: PUn. 2. semlmas, marls: Varr,: i Ov.: v. EUNUCH.

castration: 1. castratio: Col. 2. castratura: PalL

casual: 1. fortfiltus: o c. advantage, i. bonum, Cic: v. ACCIDENTAL.

2. tgmgrarius (rare): PL Casually: 1, forte: whether c. or providentially, vel f. vel provldentia, Veil. 2. fortuito: Caes.: Cic. 3. tgmgrS: Ter.: Virg.: v. B Y C H A N C E . casualty: casus, us: v. ACCIDENT, MISFORTUNE. casuist: "quaestionum conscientiae *. ad conscientiam pertlnentium, disceptator; qui quaest'onea de offidis difflci-Iiores solvit disceptat: causarum dubi-arum disceptator (Kr.): qui consilium dubitentibua de offlclis dat (cf. Jer. Taylor's " dubitantium ductor " ) . casuistical: ad quaestiones conscientiae dubias pertinent;: V. SOPHISHCAL.

casuistry: doctrtaa de officiorum controversns: Bauer ap. Kr. Cat: I. An animal: feles or felis

(usu. fem.): Cic.: Ov.: o male c, feles mas, Plin.: or catus: Anthol.: Pall. Proverb: to bell the c, lupo agnum eripere, PL ||, A scourge (q. v.): fla-gellum.' catachresis: 1. abfisio: Cic:

Quint. 2. catachresis, is,/.: Quint. cataclysm : c&taclysmos : Varr.:

Aug. catacombs: puticuii, oram, or p&ti-

cillae, arum; Varr. Catafalque: aedes aurata: Suet.

Caes. 84. catalectic: catalecticus: Prise catalepsy: catalgpsla, or catalepsis:

M.L. Catalogue j 1. cataiggus: Macr. 2. rgpertorium: Uip. 3. index,

Icis: (?)cf. Sen. Tr. 9, 4. Phr.: auction cs, tabulae auctionariae, Cic. (= tabulae rerum venalium). catapult: catapulta: Vitr. cataplasm: cataplasma, atis, re.:

Cels.: Plin. Cataract: I. A vast waterfall:

cataracto, catarracta, ae, /., and catar-ractes, ae, rei.: Plin.: Vitr. ||. A disease of the eye: 1, glaucoma, atis, re.: PUn. 2. squama: PUn. 3, suffusio ocuU: Cels. Catarrh: 1, gravedo, Inis, /.:

Cic.: Cels.: subject to c, gravedlnosus, Cic. 2. cgrjza: Coel. Aur. 3, catarrhus: Marc. Emp. catastrophe: \*The denouement

of a work of art: catastrfipha (Gr. Karaorpoo'tlj): Petr. ||. A final event, esp. if unfortunate: 1, rulna: that was an act of violence, and a kind of c. and storm, vis ilia fuit, et r. quaedam atque tempestas, Cic: Liv. 2. tempestas (v. preceding ex.), prgcella: v. STORM. 3. exitus, us: a fell ft, saevus e, Juv. (of the death of Demosthenes) : v. FA T E , DISASTER.

Catch (v) •• I. To seize, lay hold qf: 1, caplo, cgpi, capture, 3; to c. birds, aves c, Varr.: to c. a stag, cervum c, Phaedr. 2. exdplo, 3 (i. e. to stop Hie flight of; encounter while fleeing): to c. wild animals as they fly (of game beaten out), ex. feras fiigi-entes, Phaedr.: to ft a goat by snares, caprum insidiis ex, Virg. 3. capto, I (strictly only a frequent, of capio): to ft' birds in a snare, fishes with a rod, laqueo volncres, arundine pisces c, Tib.: to c flies, niuscas c. Suet 4, pri-hendo, di, sum, 3 (prop, to lay hold of with the hand; hence, to detect): to be caught in a theft, in furto prehendi, PI. Fig.: to c. any one in a lie, aUquem mendacii p, PL g. comprghendo, 3 (to overtake, seize: q. v.): many were caught while fleeing, and slain, multi in fuga sunt comprehensi atque interfecti, Caes.: to c. thieves, fures c. Cat. 6. dgprg-hendo, 3 (to overtalce, surprise: q. v.): he was caught just as he was fording the river, in ipso fluminis vado depre-hensus est, Caes.: o sailor caught in the Grecian seas, nauta Argolico mari de-prehensus, Virg. Phr.: to c. birds, aucilpor, 1: Varr.: to c fishes, piscor, 1: v. T O FISH. ||, To receive (esp. that which is falling): 1. exclpio, 3 (cf. supr. 2): to c. blood in a bowl, sanguinem patera ex, Cic. 2. suscipio, 3: toe. one's falling mistress, do-minam rnentem s, Virg.: to c blood in bowls, cruorem pateris s, Virg. |||, !fb communicate with (of fire): \. condpio, 3: the engines of war caught the flame, tormenta flammam concepe-runt, Caes.: to c. fire, ignem c, Cic. 2. comprghendo, 3: the fire cs the trunks of the trees, ignis robora c, Virg.: the huts caught fire, casae ignem comprehenderunt Caes. 3, raplo, r2pui, raptum, 3 (poet.): Achates caught the fire m the dry leaves. Achates rapuit ta fomlte flammam, Virg. |V. To take (of diseases by contagion): 1. contraho, traxi, tractum, 3 : to c. a disease, morbum c, Plin. 2. nanciscor,

nactus, 3 : he caught the disease, nactus est morbum, Nep. V- To ensnare (q. v.): capto, 1: he wishes to c. you in your talk, te e. vult loquentem, Cic. catch at: 1- arrlpio, rlpui, rep-

tum, 3 : to snatch at eagerly: q. v. 2. capto, 1: thirsty Tantalus es at the streams ever fleeing from his lips, Tantalus a labris sitiens fugientia c flumtaa, Hor. Fig.: to c at applause, plausus c, Cic.: toe. at pleasure, voluptatem c, Cic 3, aucilpor, 1 (orig. of the art of the fowler): to c. at empty fame, inanem au. rumorem, rumusculos au, Cic.: V. TO ANGLE FOR.

a w a y : abripio, 3: v. T O SNATCH AWAY.

Out: deprghendo, 3 : v. TO DETECT.

U P : excipio, 3: nothing is more quickly caught up than slander, maledicto nihil citins excipitur, Cic.: to c. up reports, rumores ex, Cic. Catch (subs): |, Only in colloq.

language: as, to think anything a great ft, aliquid magni facere; omnino in lucro ponere, depntare: v. T O V A L U E ; GAIN. ||. The catch of a lock, pessulus (?) : v. BOLT. ||j. A species of musical composition: cantus vocibus alternis festive compositus (?) catching (subs): 1, captura: tlie

c. offish, c. piscium, Plin. 2, captus, lis: Plin.: Val. Max. 3. aucttpium (catching at: in fig. sense): a c. at pleasure, a. delectatidnis, Cic.: word catchings, aucupia verborum, Cio. (also captatio verborum, Cic.): v. CAP T U R E . catching (adj.): contagiosus: v.

CONTAGIOUS.

catchpenny: res nihili: v. W O R T H LESS.

catechetical: "catgchgticus: M . L. catechetically: per catechesin; (or

"per interrogandi ac respondendi vices," Kr.). catechiser: catgehista, ae, m..

Hier. Catechism: 1. (religious): cate-

chismus: Aug. 2. (general): *li-bellus in quo res edocentur per vices interrogandi ac respondendi. Catechist: catgehista, ae, m.: Hier. Catechize: catecblzo, 1: Tert. (the

tech. term with ref. to Christian doctrine) : V. TO INTERROGATE. Catechu: "terra Japonica: M. L. Catechumen: catSchumgnus (Gr.

xa-rrixov^ei/os): Tert: fem. catgehu-mgna: Aug. categorical: 1. categSrfcns:

Sidon. 2. praedicatunis: a c proposition,^, propositio, Apul.: a c. syllogism, p. syllogismus, Mart. Cap.: v. ABSOLUTE, POSITIVE.

categorically: "catsggrfcg: M. L. • V. DIRECTLY, ABSOLUTELY.

category: I. Logical: 1, catg-goria: Hie cs of Aristotle, c Aristotellcae, Isid. 2. "praedlcamentum: M . L.

||, Colloquially: niimgrus: ire the c. of invalids, numero aegrorum, Auct. B. Alex.: Hor. cater: 1. obsond or obsonor, i,

PL: Ter. 2. elbum or cibos suppedi-tare: Cic. caterer: obsgnator: PL: Sen. caterpillar: gruca: Pita.: Col. caterwauling: fiiuiatus (of any

yelling, howling noise): v. H O W L . (More precisely, ululatus acutus atque discors qualis/eKum est.) cates: cilpedia, orum; -ae, arum:

V. DAINTIES. Catgut: chorda: Cic.:Ov.: v.STRING. cathartic (adj.): purgatlvus: Coe>. Aur. v. APERIENT. Cathartic (subs): cathartlcum: Tert. Cathedral: "aedes s. ecclesla catbe-dralis: M. L.: v. C H U R C H . catheter: cSthgter, eris, m.: Coel. Aur. catholic (adj.): c&tholicus: the c. faith, c tides, Prud. Phr. -..the Roman ft doctrine, doctrtaa ecclesiae Komanae. CathoJiC (subs.): "dogmatum ecclesiae Eomtnae sectator. in

C A T H O L I C I S M C A U T I O U S C A V I T Y

Catholicism: perhaps only in phr. Romon-c, "doctrtaa s. dogmata ltomauae ecclesiae.

catkin: M u s : Plin. cat's-eye (* stone): 1, astgria (?):

PUn. 2. He'" gcillus : PUn. cattle: I. Animals of the bovine

genus: 1. bgves, boum, c : untend-d c, incustoditae b , Ov.: stolen ft, b. abactae, Ov.: Cic. 2. bubulum pecus: Varr. 3. armenta, orum : Varr.: Cic. ||. In a wider sense, including sheep, horses, etc., as well as oxen:

1. pgcus, gris, re. (collective subs.); they drove away Hie ft, pecus abegerunt, Cic.: stolen ft, pecora abacta, Liv.: a •master of c, pecorum magiste"-, CoL: bristly c, i. e. swine, setigerum p, Ov.

2. pgcu, re. (rare): Lucr.: Liv. 3, pgcus, udis,/. (a single animal:

chiefly of sheep): c. follow the flocks of their own kind, pecudes sui generis sequuntur greges, Cic,.: Lucr. Phr.: herds of ft, pgcuarii greges, Varr.; pe-cuaria, orum, Virg.: a c. breeder, pecu-arius, Cic.: ft breeding, pecuaria (sc. res), Varr.; c. doctors, vgtgrinarii, Cui. (also, pecorum medici, Varr.): a ft market, forum bgarlum, Liv.: Ov.: a c. stealer, abactor, Apul. |||, As a term of reproach: v. B R U T E . Caudle: sorblHo (applicable to any

brotli-lilce fluid): Cels.: or perhaps, sorbitol ex vino.

Caul.' I. A membrane in the abdomen: omentum: Plin.: Cels. II. A membrane sometimes found on tlie lieads of new-born infants: pllgus: Lampr. Cauliflower: "brassica oleracea bo-

tryitis: M . L. Causal: causalis, e: Aug.: c. core-

j'wrecitores,causales conjunctiones, Charis. Causality: metaph. 1.1..- m a y usu.

be expr. by causa: as, the notion qf c, "causarum efficientium notio. Causation: eUeciIo: Cic Acad. I,

2,6. Causative'. efflciens, entis: Cic ib. Cause (subs): |. That which pro

duces an effect: 1, causa: a c. is that which produces that of which it is tlie ft, c ea est quae id efficit cujus est c, Cic.: are efficient c, c efficiens, Cic.: a final c, c iinalis, M . L . 2. materles or matgrla (material: q. v.); the c of all evils, materies omnium malorum, Sail.: to give c. for envy, materiam in-vidiae dare, Cic. Phr..- Tiebonius seemed to be the ft of their, not getting possession of the town, stetisse per Tre-bonium quominus oppido potirentur, videbatur, Caes.: he lias given you no c. to be angry, nihil fecit quod suc-censeas, Ter.: 1 will give him c. to remembei- me as long as he lives, faciam ut mei semper meminerit, PL: / hear tliat you accuse us all without c, te omnes nos accusare audio immerito, Ter.: Milo is shocked at this, and not without c, hoc horret Milo, neque injuria, Cic.: V. REASON, ACCOUNT. ||, A subject of litigation ; a legal suit:

1, causa: to decide a c. in one's favour, causam alicui adjudicare, Cic : to aftaredbrea c (of an advocate), c afflig-ere, Cic.: private cs, c privatae, Cic.: public cs, c publicae, Cic.: a c affecting life or reputation, capitis aut famae c, Cic: to lose a c, causam perdere, or causa cadere, Cic: lo plead a ft, causam dicere, Caes.: Liv.: a petty or unimportant c, causula, Cic • 2. res, rgi, /.: to speak about cs already investigated and decided, de rebus cognitis judicatisque dicere, Cic: Uip. 3. sacramentum (rare; and orig. denoting the deposit made by litigants): the decemvirs adjudged our c. to be just, decemviri s. nostram justum judicave-runt Cic.: v. SUIT, ACTION. |||. Hide, jrarty, object: causa: that he might not seem to condemn that ft to uhicli he liad attached himself, lie came to Hie camp, ne condemnare c ilium quam secutus esset, videretur, ad castra venit, Cic.: your zeal in Hie c. was less active, ian-gtiidiore studio in causa fuistis, Cic.: 112

the c. of the conquerors found favour with the gods, tliat if the conquered with Cato, victrix c. deis placuit, sed victa Catoni, Lucan. P h r.: to be active in the ft of the oppressed, "circumventos acriter defendere: we will one and all take up arms in our country's c, "pro patria arma caplemus unlversi.

cause (»•) •• 1. iM". f5cl> fact>'m. 3 (foil, by ut, when the object Is a sentence): I will c him to remember the day, faciam ut ejus diei meminerit, PL: to c. delay, moram f, Cic.: poet, with infin.: you have c.d me to behold the death of my son with my own eyes, nati coram roe cernere letum fecistl, Virg.: to c. any one's destruction, perniclem alicui f, Tac. 2. efficio, fgci, fectum, 3 (constr. same as facio: also sometimes foil, by ne): this e.d it to lie possible for provisions to be brought lo him, quae res commeatus ut ad eum portari possent erh'ciebat, Caes.: Cic: with inf.: to ft things to unite, res coire eff, Vitr.: v. T O BRING A B O U T . 3. euro, I (of that which any one orders or secures Hie doing qf: with occ. of gerund or gerundive): he cs a bridge to be made over the Arar, pontem In Ararl faciundum curat, Caes.: Cic. 4. ergo, I (to malce, produce: q. v.): to ft griefs, aeramnas c, P L : to ft luxury, luxuriam c, Cic.

5, mgveo: v. T O EXCITE. 6. cleo, civi, cltum, 2 (to stir up, excite): to ft motions, motus c, Cic.: PUn. 1, concleo, 2 (stronger than the simple verb) : to c. the tide, aestum c, Lucr.: to c. various emMions of tlie soul, varios motus animorum c, Tac. Phr.: toe. any one trouble, alicui molestiam ex-hibere, Cic: to c. delay, alicui cuncta-tionem injicere, Liv.; PL: to ft hatred, odium parere, Ter.: to c. alarm, to the enemy, terroreni hosti objicere, Liv.: v. TO EXCITE, PRODUCE, CREATE. Causeless: I. That has no cause:

Phr.: nothing c. can exist, nihil fieri potest sine causa, Cic. ||, Without reason or ground: vanus: c. fear, v. metus, Hor.: v. GRO U N D L E S S . causelessly: 1. sine causa: Cic.

2. inimgrlto: Ter. causer: 1. auctor: thee, of death,

a. mortis, Ov. 2. effector, or effec-trix: Cic. causeway: agger, gris, m. (any

bank-like mound): or agger viae: Tac Caustic (adj.): |, Burning: 1,

caustlcus: Plin. 2. erodens, entis: c. remedies, niedicamenta erodentia, Cels.

3. adurens, entis : c. remedies, me-dlcamente adurentia, or simply, adu-rentia, Cels. Phr.: those compositions are more powerfully ft, eae composi-tiones vehementius adurunt, Cels. ||, Pungent, biting, severe (q. v.): mordax, acerbus.

caustic (subs) : "nitras argenti:

M.L. cauterisation: 1. Expr. by

ger. of aduro: Cels. 5, 28, 1. 2. adustio caustlca: M . L.: v. T O C A U TERIZE.

Cauterize: ferro aduro, ussi, ustum, 3 ; or simply, aduro, 3; Cels. 5, 28. cautery: 1. ustio .• Cels.: pirn. 2,

cauterium (Hie instrument): Plin. caution (subs.) : j, Wariness:

1, cantlo: c. and timidity, c et timiditas, Cic,: about things which will not allow qf the exercise of c, I do not give myself very much trouble, quae cautionem non habebunt, deiis non ita valde laboro, Cic.: the matter requires ft,res cautionem habet, Cic. 2. cura: v. CARE. P h r.: to use great c, circum-spicere diligenter, Cic.: with c. (adverb. phr.), cauig, pgdgtentim: v. CAUTIOUSLY.

||. Awarning: chiefly in certain phr.: to give any one a c. respecting a person or thing, "monere aliquem ut ab aliquo caveat; aliquem de aliqua re monere, commonere : v. TO W A R N , W A R N I N G :

this may act as a ft to others, "hoc alios deterreie potest: v. T O DETE R .

Caution (v) .* mgneo, commgneo : v. TO WARN. cautious: 1. cautus (of both

persons and things); c. ire dangers, e. In periculls, Cic.: more ft in reference to the more immediate evil, ad praesentius malum cautiores, Liv.: a c. plan, e. consilium, Cic: very c. old age, cmiis-sima senectus, Tac Verge, percautus: Cic. 2. consldgratus (i.e. deliberate)': a c. person, c. homo, Cic.: o more e, plan, consideratius consilium, Cic 3' clrcumspectus (carefully considered: hence prop, of things; as plans, couni sels: but also used of persons); v. CIRC U M S P E C T .

cautiously; 1. caute: Cic. :Caes. 2, parce (strictly sparingly: q.v,):

to attack any one c. and gently, p. et molliter aliquem laedere, Cic: Hor.

3. pgdgtentim (of approach: step by step): to approach c. and gradually, p. et gradatim accedere, Cic: Ter. 4, circumspectg: v. CIRCUMSPECTLY. Cautiousness : cautus animus;

cautum ingenium: v. CAUTIOUS. Cavalcade: pompa equestris: v.

PROCESSION.

cavalier: I, A Iwrseman; q.v. ||, lu Eng. Hist.: "regiae partis

sectator. cavalierly: taipgriosS, superbis: v,

HAUGHTILY, DISDAINFULLY.

cavalry: 1, gquitatus, us: i« sends all Hie c. in advance, eg. omnem praemlttit, Caes.: the Nervii ere a-tremely weak in ft, Nervii equitatu nihil possunt, Caes.: Cic 2. Sadies, um; the c. of Ariovistus took vp a position 20u paces from the mound, equites Ario-visti passibus CO. a tumulo constitenmt, Caes.: light and heavy c, equites levis, gravis armaturae, Kr. (based on Caes.): the c. began to deploy by troops, eq. se turmalim explicare coeperunt, Caes.: troops qf ft, equitum turrnae, Tac.: a colonel qf c, praelectus, Caes.; equitum praefectus, Hirt. (The singular is sometimes used in the collective sense: that c. was then by far the best in Greta, is longe turn opiimus eques in Graeciafuil, Liv.: Curt.) 3, coplae gquestres: Cic.: Curt. 4. ala (sometimes used of the cavalry in a Roman army, as being placed in the wings): v. Diet Ant. s. v. Phr.: to convert infantry into c, legionem ad equum rescribere, Caes.: to serve in the c, equo merere, Cic: a plain well adapted far tit manoeuvres of ft, planities equitabilis ( = equitatui apta). Curt cavalry (adj.): gquestris, tre: a c,

battle, proelium eq, Caes.; eq. pugna, Cic: c. weapons, eq. arma, Liv. Phr.: a c. regiment, equitum cohors. cave, cavern: 1. sp&us, us,tn.

and re. (Gr. onios; esp. used of caves excavated ire rocks) : Virg.: Hor.: Liv.

2. spelunca (i. q. specus): a c. of infinite depth, s. infinita altitudine, Cic: Virg. 3, antrum (esp. in the poets: and usu. of apleasant place: V.GBOTTO): a c. in the woods, a. nemorale, Ov.-jm ice-cold ft, gelidum a, Ov.: Virg.':'Hor.

4, cavema: v. CAVITY, HOLi. S, cavum: v. H O L L O W . (See Habicht, Syn. } 864). cavernous.* cSvernosus; Plin. (or

by circuml, cavernis abundans, ete.). caviare: ova acipenseris gato con-

dita (?). ' cavil (u-)' 1. caiumn'or,i(ptop

to accuse falsely: hence, to blameivm-out reason): this man seems knowingly to mock and to ft, is ludiflcan ac c sciens videtur, Cic: Quint. 2-.™ villor, 1 (te censure mockingly, j * ingly): to ft at the words of the saO' tors, verba patrum c, Tac: to e. at v* tribunes, tribunos c, Liv. 3, -P0' 3: v. TO CARP AT. Cavil (subs): argutlSla: GeJJ. caviller: 1. auceps syllabary

(one who catches at every syllaDiej. Cic. 2. caviliator: PL: Seu, '

cavity: 1. caverna: thecsofm earth, c terrae, Cic.: to have cs inm' of ears, c habere auriura loco, J * Dimin.: cavernula, a small c.: PM™ 2. cavea (rarely): Plin. 8, W cus, spelunca: v. C A V E R N .

C A W C E M E N T C E N T

caw : 1. cornlcor, I (v. rare): I'ers. 2. crgdo, 4; and crgdto, 1: PL cawing (subs): crocatio : Fest cease: I To desist, leave off

doing: 1, deslno, sivi, or sii, Itum, 3 (with inf.): I shall ft to love you, te amare deslnam, PI.: ft, I pray you, fromcommonplaces, desine, quaeso, com-munibus locis, Cic: to ft from complaints, querelaram d. (poet. gen.: L. G. § 284), Hor.: Hie old speeches have c.d to be read by most people, veteres orationes a plerisque legi sunt desitae, Cic 2. gmitto, misi, missum, 3 (usu. in sense of to abandon, with ace: less freq. with infin.): ft to be angry, omitte iratus esse, PL: to ft to mourn, lugere om, Cic: Hor. 3. remitto, 3 (constr. same as omitto): if you were to reflect you would at once c. io load me with insults, si cogites, remittas jam me oner-are tajurlis, Ter.: Sail.' 4. mitto, 3 (chiefly poet): v. T O FORBEAB. 5. desisto: v. T O DESIST. 6. intermitto, 3 (to cease for a time): v. T O INTERMIT. Phr.: Caesar begs him to c. entreating, Caesar rogat finem orandi faciat Caes.: Apollo had ed speaking, finierat Paean, Ov.: V. TO DESIST, LEAVE OFF. ||, To

come to an end: 1. dgslno, 3 : the showers had cd, desierant imbres, Ov.: let anger ft, destaat ira, Ov.: in pass. impers.: men have long ago cd to argue against Hiem, jam pridem contra eos de-situm est disputari, Cic. 2. finio, 4 (with some such word as verba understood ; of speakers): v. T O END. 3. Often expr. in poets by using the plu-perf. tense ; to indicate the ceasing of a speaker: as, Faunus cd, dixerat haec Fannus, Ov. F. 3, 319: cf. id. M. 13, 123. 4. conquiesco, 'evi, etom, 3 (to become quiet, still): the voyaging of merchants cs, navigatio mercatorum c, Cic.: the fever has cd, febris conquievit, Cels. 5. interquiesco, 3 (to ft for a time): thepain has cdfor a time, dolor interqulevit, Sen.: Plin. 6. consisto, stiti, stitum, 3 (to stand still; pause): the toil of forensic business had cd, for-ensium rerum labor constiterat Cic.

7. subsisto, 3 (to stop a while: q. v.): Hie shouting cd, substitit clamor, Ov.: the tears have cd, lacrimae substit-erunt Quint 8, conddo, cidi, 3: (to fall like a wind subsiding): all his haughtiness cd, omnis ferocia concidit, Liv.: war has cd, concidit bellum, Tac. Phr.: the disorder cd, tumultus con-ticuit, Liv.: Cic: hatred whicli has now cd from length tf time, exoletum jam vetustate odium, Liv. N.B.—Not cesso; which is to loiter, flag: q. v. ceaseless: perpgtiius; assiduus: v.

PERPETUAL, CONSTANT.

ceaselessly: perpgtuo: assldue: v. INCESSANTLY, PERPETUALLY.

cedar (srefts.): cedrus, i, /: Plin.: c^wood, cedrla: Col.: Plin.: the berry of the c, cedris, idis, /.: Plin.: c. OU, cedrlum: Plin.(also,cedrus,i,/.: Hor.: Pers.). Adj. of cedar, cedar: (1) ce-drgus: Vita (2) cedrlnus: Plin. Cede: decedo, 3 (with abl): v. TO

SURRENDER, GIVE UP, YIELD.

Ceiling: 1. tectum (also roof, q.v.): marble cs, •marmorea t, Cic: panelled cs, t laqueata, Hor. 2. lacunar, aris, re. (a panelled c): Cic: Hor.

3. laqucar, aris, re. (usu. plu.: i. q. lacunar); Virg.: Plin. 4. cBmgra (are arched or vaulted c): Cic.: Vitr. celandine: chglldgnla major: Plin. celebrate: I. To publish the praises qf: 1, cano, cedni, cantum, 3 (of verse or song): 7ie cd Bacchus, Llberum canebat, Hor.: to. ft kings and battles, reges et proelia c, Virg. 2. eoncino, 3 (of choral songs): to c. joyful days in choral songs, laetos dies c, Hor. 3, canto, 1: we shall be cd in song all over the world, per totum cantabi-mur orbem, Ov.: Cic. 4, eglgbro, 1 (to render famous ire any way): to c. one's name in writings, alicujus nomen scriptis c, Cic: toe. a man or hero in lyric verse, virnm aut beroa lyra c, Hor. 5. conoglgbro, 1 (rare): to c

one's tutelar deity, geninm c, Tib. 6. praedlco, 1: v. T O PROCLAIM, BOAST OF.

7. sgno, ui, Itum, 1 (poet): our poems shall c. you, te carmina nostra sonabunt, Ov.: to be c.d by the lying harp, mendaci lyra sonari, Hor. ||, To honour by ceremonies; to perform in a solemn manner: 1, eglgbro, 1: to c. holidays, festos dies c, Cic.: to c. a marriage, nuptias c, Liv.: toea funeral, exsequias c, Liv. 2. con-celebro, 1 (rare: stronger than simple verb) : toe. a birthday, diem natalem c, PL: to c. a funeral, tonus c, Liv. 3. frgquento, 1 (implying numerous attendance) : that is public which a whole community cs, publicum est quod civitas universa frequentat, Cic.: Ov. Phr.: toe. as a lioliday, diem festum habere, Nep.: to c. divine service, publica sacra conficere or curare, Cic. (or sacris s. divi-nis rebus tateresse: v. T O T A K E P A R T IN) : V. TO SOLEMNIZE, KEEP.

celebrated: 1. celgber, bris, bre: Daedalus very c. for his skill in constructive ait, Daedalus ingenio fabrae celeberrimus artis, Ov.: a name c. with praise, nomen celebre laudibus, Liv.

2. nobllis, e: a very ft iJflir of gladiators, gladiatoram par nobilissi-mum, Cic.: Corinth c. for its bronze, n. aere Corinthus, Ov. Phr.: this man is very c, hie in maxima gloria est, Cic.: 7ie has become very c. for his most faithful observance of friendship, ob amici-tiam summa fide servatam maximam gloriam cepit, Cic : the injustice of men will make your greatness ft, illustrabit tuam amputudinem hominum injuria, CiC : V. FAMOUS, ILLUSTRIOUS, DISTINGUISHED.

celebration: I. -a public praising : (usu. best expr. by part of verb: as, the lyre, made for the c. of the praises of the gods, "nata ad laudes deorum canendas testudo: v. T O CELEBRATE) : v. PRAISE. ||. A solemn observance :

1. cglgbratJo: the c. qf games, c. ludoram, Cic. 2. cglgbrltas (rare): tlie c qf a funeral, supremi diei c, Cic

3. Or expr. by verb: v. T O CELEB R A T E (IT.).

celebrity: 1. cglgbrltas: the cause of c. and renown, causa celebrita-tis et nominis, Cic 2. claritas, cla-rltudo: v. GLORY, R E N O W N .

celerity: cglgritos : v. QUICKNESS, RAPIDITY.

celery : 1. hgleBsgllnum; Plin. 2, aplum (wildc): Plin.: Virg.

celestial: 1. coelestis, e: the c. regions, c plagae, Ov.: c. strength, vis c, Cic: the c. bow, i. e. the rainbow, c. arcus, Plin.: v. HEAVE>:LY. 2. coeles, Itis (poet): lie had been driven from Hie ft regions by Jove, coelitibus regnis a Jove pulsus erat, Ov.: esp. in pi. as subs.: coeUtes, the heavenly beings: Ov.

3. dlvlnus: v. DIVINE.

Celibacy: 1. caelibatus, us: Sen.: Suet. 2. caelebsvite: Hor. cell: I. A small apartment or

dweUing: 1. area (v. rare): the slaves are thrown into cells that no one may be able to converse with them, servi in areas conjiduntur ne quis cum iis colloqui possit, Cic. 2. cella: I will shut myself up in some c, m e in c allquam con-cludam, Ter.: the cs of slaves, servorum cellae, Cic 11 A small cavity, esp. in a honey-comb: 1, cella: Virg.

2. forus: Virg. cellar : 1. cella (prop, o store

closet): a wine c, c vinaria, PI.: Cic. 2 hypggaeum (underground c) : Vitr. cellarage: I. Space occupied by cellars: "cellaram spatium. ||. Rent for the use qf cellars, "merces cellaram. cellarer: 1. cellarius: PL: Col. 2. promus: PI.: Col. cellular: cellfilaris, e: ft tissue, tela c, M. L. Cellule (anat 1.1.): cellula: M. L. cement (subs) : 1. ferrumen: rough stones are put together without c, sine f. caementa componuntur, Plin. 2. maltha (composed of lime, lard,

and figs): Plin.: v. M O R T A R , SOLDEE,

GLUE. For the fig. sign, v. BOND.

cement (v.): 1, congtutlno, 1: Vitr.: Plin. Fig.: to c. friendships, amicitias c, Cic 2. ferrumino, 1: Plin.: v. T O GLUE, SOLDER. For fig.

sign, v. T O CONFIRM, STRENGTHEN.

cementing (subs).- congiutinatio. Cic. cemetery: 1. sgpuicrgtum: Cat 2. coemeterlum (Gr. Koiunrijpiov):

Tert. cenobite, coenBblta, ae, m..- Hier.:

v. MONK.

cenotaph: 1, tumulus inanis: Virg. 2, hgngrarlus tumulus: Suet.

3. cgnotaphlum: Uip. Censer: turlbfilum (tour.): Cic.:

Liv. Censor: \, A Roman magistrate: 1. censor : the cs shall hold office

for five years, c magistratum quinquennium habento, Vet. Leg. ap. Cic.: Liv. Ph r.: the lists made out by the ft, censoriae tabulae, Cic: a man who had been c, censorius homo, Cic. 2. magister moram: Cic. ||, One who blames: v. CENSURER. |||, A public officer appointed to examine books, plays, etc., before they are published or performed, "librarum fabularumve censor, M . L . Censorious: "ad vituperandum s.

reprehendendum proclivis; studiosus reprehendendi: tlie c. (as subs.), obtrec-tatores,Cic censoriously: "studio s. libidine re

prehendendi. censoriousness: "animus ad vitupe-

rationem proclivis; me rum stud ium reprehendendi. censorship: I. The office cf tlie

Roman censors: 1. censura: Cic.: Liv. 2. magistgrlum moram: Cic

||, The office qf the supervisor of literature, "literarum censura. censurable: 1, rgprghenslong

dignus: Quint. 2. rgprehendendus: Quint. 3. culpandus: v. B L A M A B L E . censurably (rare): ita ut culpam

aliquis mereatur : v. B L A M A B L Y . censure (subs.) : vltupgratlb: I had

escaped two very great cs, duas maxi-mas v. efrugeram, Cic.: v. B L A M E .

censure (v.): 1, ammadverto, ti, sum, 3 : to c. offences, peccata an., Cic

2. perstringo, nxi, ctum, 3 (prop to wound slightly) .- to ft indirectly, aliquem p. oblique, Tac.: to ft with gentle words, lenibus verbis p, Tac.: Cic. 3. destringo, 3 (=perstringo) : to c anyone in a biting poem, aliquem mordaci carmine d, Qv.: Phaedr. 4. exaglto, 1 (of repeated attacks upon a thing) : some have been found to c. and despise this practice of oratory, inventi sunt qui hanc dicendi exercitationem exagitarent atque contemnerent, Cic 5. ngto, 1 (prop, said of some authority, and with permanent results): the senate cd the thing, not Hie man, senatus rem non hominem notovit, Cic.: this love deserves to be cd, hie amor est dignus notari, Hor.

6. vitupgro, 1: you deserve to be cd on many accounts, multis modis es vitnperandus, 'Per.: to c. philosophy, philosophiam v, Cic.: v. T O B L A M E .

Censurer : 1. censor : the reprover and c. of the young, castigator c. que minorum, Hor.: Cic 2. exagi-tator: Cic. 3. vitopgrator: Cic. census: I. In the Soman sense:

census, ns: to hold the c, c habere, Cic.; c agere, Suet; c facere, GelL: to exclude from the c, i. e. to deprive of the franchise, censu prohibere, Cic; censu excludere, Liv. Phr.: the c is taken throughout Sicily every fif thy ear, quinto qnoque anno Sicilia lota censetur, Cic. ||. In the modem sense it may perhaps be expressed by civium enumer-atio. cent: Phr.: i*iere is plenty of money at 6 per c, semissibus magna est copia pecuniae, Cic: 12 per c per annum, centesimae usurae, Cic.: interest at 4 per c, trlentes usurae, Paul. Dig.: eight per c, uncia, Scaev.: interest at 8 " 1

C E N T A U R C E R T A I N L Y CHAFE

per ft, fenus unclarlum, Liv.: Tac: v. INTEREST.

centaur: 1. centaurus : Ov. Also as the name of a constellation: Cic.: Manil. 2. Mmembris: Vlrg. Centaury (a plant): 1, centau-

rgum; Virg.: PUn. 2. fel terrae : Plin. centenary (subs.): centgnaflus nu-

mgrus; Varr. centenary (adj.): centgnaiius:

Varr.: Pita. centennial: quod per centenos an

nos, or centesimo quoque anno, fit. Centipede: centlpgda: Plin. cento: cento, gnis, m.: Aus.: Isid. central: 1. mgdlus: a c. place,

m. locus, Cic: Caes.: v. CENTRE. 2, centraUs, e (late): a c land, c. terra, Plin. centralization: expr. by verb: as,

ft is an evil, "mtaime omnia ad summ u m imperium referenda sunt: v. foil. art. centralize: Phr.: toe. govern

ment, rerum administrationem ad unum vel ad paucos deferre: or omnia ad unum. deferre, Cic. Manil. 23, 67. Centrally: Phr.: a house c. situ

ated, "domus opportune ad mediam urbem site; omnibus opportunitatibus urbis commode vicina. centre (subs): 1. centrum (ma-

them. c. of a circle or sphere): the cs qf Hie sun and earth, solis terraeque centra, Plin.: c. of gravity, c. gravitatis, M. L. _ 2. mgdlus (an adj. in agreement with the substantive corresponding to the governed subst. in English); Hie earth is situated in the centre of the universe, terra in medio mundo site est, Cic: the c. of the universe, m. mundi locus, Cic.: the auxiliaries were placed together in the c of the line, auxilia in mediam aciem conjecta sunt, Caes.: to have the charge of the c, m. aciem tueri, Liv. (But we often find simply medium in oblique cases only: as, the Ligu-rians were posted in the c, Ligures ta medio poslti, Liv.: to station cavalry in the ft, equites in medium accipere, Liv.). Phr.: he himself takes up his post in the centre (by the eagle), ipse prope aqnilam assistit, Sail. C. sg: the c. of public anxiety, caput publicarum cu-rarum, Liv. eentre (v): fig. to turn upon, be

engaged about: 1, contlneor, 2: i. e. TO B E B O U N D U P WITH. 2, sltum

esse (also in pass, sense): the whole of morality cs in the perf ormance of duty, in officio colendo site, vitae est honestos omnis, Cic: v. T O LIE. 3, nltor, nisus, and nixus, 3 (lit. to lean upon); v. TO DEPEND. Phr.: my whole wishes c. here, "in hae re versatur omnis voluntas mea: all their anxieties are cd on the safety cf the state, omnes suas curas in reipublicae salute defigunt, Cic: v. T O REST UPON.

centrifugal: Phr.: c force, "vis centrlfuga (as scient. 1.1): or by cir-cuml, vis (s. momentum) eaqua aliquid a medio depellitur. centripetal: Phr.: c force, vis

ea qua aliquid medium locum exnetit • cf. Cic. S. D. 2, 45. centurion: 1. centiirio: c of

the first pilus (i. e. Hie foremost in rank), e. primipili or c. primipilus, Caes.: Liv. (also primlpilaris: Suet.) • the office cf c, centurlatus, us, Cic. 2 ordo, Inis, m.-. to assemble the tribunes and Hie highest cs, tribunos militum or-dinesque primos convocare, Caes.: Tac (N.B.—The full expr. is ordinis ductor • the century itself being called ordo • v Diet. Ant p. 504 6.). P h r.: to degrade from the office qf c, ordinem adimere Tac.: to restore it, ord. reddere, Tac. H 1,52: a c's wand, or badge of office, vltis, is,/.: Ov.: Tae. (this word is sometimes employed to denote the c.'s office: Juv.). century: I. A hundred: centurla : Col.: to divide into cs, centiiriare, Hyg. ||, A political division of Hie Roman people; also, a subdivision of the legion: 1, centuria: Liv.: Cic.: io divide into cs, centiiriare, Cic: Liv.: by cs 114

centurfatim, Caes.: Cic. 2, °rd°> Inis, m.: Caes.: Cic. Ill, A hundred years:

1, saecillum: Cic: Hor. 2, spa-H u m annorum centum: Varr.: Liv. 9, ,?4-cerate: ceratum: Cels.: Plin. cerebellum : cergbellum : Cels. :

PUn. (though not in the modern anatomical sense; but=parvum cerebrum). cere-cloth, cerement: "lintgum

ceratum: v. GRAVE-CLOTHES. ceremonial (adj) •' caeriinonlalis,

e: Arnob,: v. FORMAL. ceremonial (subs.): 1. e. a collection

of cei-emonies: ritus (In pi.): v. CEREMONY.

ceremonially: 1. rite: Cic : Hor. 2. sollenniter: Liv.: Just. ceremonious : I. Attended with

due ceremony: sollennis, e (or sBlennis, -emnis) : ft banquets, s. epulae, Cic.: Hor. ||, Excessively attentive to ceremony or forms: perh. officii putide stu-diosus atque molestus: v. FORMAL. ceremoniously: I. W due

ceremony: sollenniter; Liv..-Just. J", With excessive attention to forms: *mo-lesto quodam officio atque urbanitate. ceremoniousness : (?) nimia ac

molesta urbanltas. ceremony: I, A solemn observ

ance: 1, caerlmSnla: the cs of tombs, c. sepulcrorum, Cic: new cs, novae c, Tac: foreign cs, c. externae, Suet. 2. officlum (of cs showing polite or respectful attention) : I was present at the c. of assuming the manly gown, officio togae virilis interfui, Plin.: he was not present at the cs of his mother's funeral, supremis in matron officiis deerat, Tac.: at the c. of the levee, in officio salutation's, Suet 3, ritus, us (esp. a religious c): the custom and ft of the primitive religion, mos ritusque priscae religionis, Suet: a magic ft, magicus ritus, Ov. Phr.: master qf the cs, designator: it was the business of this officer to assign people their places in the theatre, etc.: the title, designator Caesar's Augusti (master of es to the emperor), is found in an Inscr.: v. ForceU. s. v. ||, Pomp, display : 1, apparatus, us: Hor.: Cic. 2. caerfmonia: to celebrate public games with very great ft, ludos maxima cum c facere, Cic Certain: I. Undoubted, sure (ob

jective) : 1. certus: a more c. fact, certior res, Liv.: to consider .as c, certain habere or, pro certo habere, Cic.; v. also UNFAILING. 2. exploratus (of the future): o c. victory, ex. victoria, Caes.: who is so foolish as to thing it c. he will live 'till evening? quis est tam stultas, cui sit exploratum se ad vesperum esse victurum? Cic.

3. ratus: v. FIXED. Phr.: to know for c, certo (better than certe) scire, Cic.; Ter.: also, manu s. manibus tenere (cf. manifestos: manus, fero); compertum habere, Sail, (stronger than comperisse): it is ft, constat, stltit, i: v. AGR E E D ON. ||. Convinced, believing firmly (subjective); certus (rare): are you any more c. now f numquid nunc es certior ? PL: to be c about anything, de aliqua re c. esse, Suet.: Gell. (but probably not ta Cic: cf. supr. I.). |||. Particular, but undefined: lt qui-dam, quaedam, quoddam: o c. soldier quidam ex militibus, Caes.: at a c. time] quodam tempore, Cic.: c of these went to the Nervii, quidam ex his ad Nervios pervenerunt, Caes. 2. certus (more definite than quidam; and implying that the speaker could' mention names if disposed to do so): he has c. persons in his interest, habet certos sui studiosos, Cic.: bound by c. laws of speaking, ad certes quasdam dicendi leges alligatus, Quint. certainly: |, Undoubtedly,surely-. 1. certe: if it will c happen, there is no chance, si c eveniet nulla fortuna est, Cic : Ter. 2. certo (=for certain : cf. CERTAIN, I. Phi-.): my name is c. Sosia, mihi certo notaen Sosia'st, PI.: to expect nothing so as if it woulde happen, nihil ita expectare quasi certo futarum,

Cic 3, prolecto: v. ASSUREDLY. || In replies, to denote emphatic assent

1, sang; do you wish to le advised r c.Ido,te monerinumne vis? sanevolo EL: Ter. 2. vBro:' you have cftm. i think, been in the schools of HiephiUxo-pliers t—C. and with great pleasure too fuisti saepe, credo, in scholia philoso-' phorum ?—Vero, ac Hbenter quidem, Cic, • esp. after a pronoun: as, I ask -whether lie in tliat acted unjustly t—C. hedid,he replies, quaero num id injuste fecertt'-Ille vero, Cic.: Nep. 3, (Still stronger than the preceding): Snimvgro: Do you really say so f—Most c I do, ain' vero? —aio enimvero, PL: v. VERILY. 4 certe (=sane): do you say so ?—'<", Ido, ain' ta vero ? c inquam, PL: Cic 5 quippg (usu. ironically): wouMyouthen correctly say that you had restored the state f— c, recte igitur diceres te rem-publicam restituisse ?—Quippe, Cic, • Virg.: v. OF COURSE. |||. TO denote a concession, foil, by a qualification:

1, quidem, gquidem (the latter usi with first person sing.): v. IHIEED.

2. gttam (only in dialogue): Zeno thinks that a happy life consists in virtue alone. What says Antiochvs?—C. a happy life, he says, does, but not &e most happy, Zeno in unavirtuteposltani beatam vitam putat QuidAntiochus!— Etiam, inquit, beatam, sed non beatlssl-mam, Cic certainty: |. Abstract: expr.

by adj.: as, the question is not respecting the c. of these things, *non quaeritur num haec certo sint: to attain ta c, compertum aliquid habere; penitus exploratum habere : v. CERTAIN (I): to reduce anything to c, aUquid ad liqui-dum redigere, Sen.; veritatem ad liqui-dum explorare, Liv.: the c. of punishment is more efficacious Hum its severity, "quo certior, non quo gravior poena est, eo plus valet. ||, Concrete: =acer-tain thing: res certe; or in pL certa (neut): v. CERTAIN. certificate: "testimonium scriptum

s. per tabulas factum. Phr.: ac. of proficiency, (?) laudatio (used in Cic of the certificates to character read in court): a bankrupt's c, (f) tabulae novae legitimae (the term employed to denote a general release from debts being tab. novae). certify: I. To attest in writing,

etc., rgcognoseo, novi, nltum, 3: cui Diese things have been c.'d and compared wWi the greatest care, haec omnia summa cura recognita et collate sunt, Cic Verr. 2,1, 77, IQO :toc.a decree, decretum r, Cic.

fl. To inform: q. v. cerulean : caeruleus: Caes.: Vlrg.:

v. BLUE.

cerumen : sordes (-ium) aurium: Cic. ceruse: cerussa: Ov.: PUn. cessation: 1. qufes, efls, /..-

there was a c of the conflicts, q. certa-minum erat, Liv.: v. REST, RESPIIB.

2. intermissio (a leaving off for a time) : Cic.: Liv.: v. INTERMESIOK.

3. cessatio (esp. of the inactivity of an indolent person): Cie.: a c. from arms by agreement, c pugnae pactida, GelL 4, Expr. by verb: as, there was no c.from the business of preparing works, ab apparatu operum nihil cessa-tum, Liv.: tliat there might be no c from work during amy of the time, ne quod omnino tempus ab opere intermltte-retur, Caes.: v. BREATHING-TIME. Cession : expr. by verb: as, they stipulated for the cession of Asia as far as Taurus, pepigerunt ut Asia omni quae eis montem Taurum esset deced-eret; ut eis T. montem possessione Asiae cederet (Antiochus): cf. Liv. 31-36, 45. N.B.—Cessio is used only in civil jurisprudence; of cession of property. cestUS: cestus : Mart. cetaceous : cetosus; Avien. ceterach: 1. asplgnum: Pun-2. splenlum: PUn. chafe: I. To warm by rubbing-agltando fovere, calefacere: cf. Liv. 21

C II A F E It C HANCE C H A N G E

59 (fin): #fricando calorem ciere, injic-ere. (Xot contero or attero, which imply bruising or abrasion) ||. To excoriate: attgro: v. T O GALL. |||. 5fi> imitate (q. v.): irrlto, stemachum alicui mgveo, etc | V. Intr.: to be impatient and angry: 1. stgmachor, i: toft and be vexed, s. et moleste ferre, Cic: v. TO BE ANGRY. 2. aegrg, mgl-

este fgro, p&tior: v. TO BE IMPATIENT, VEXED.

Chafer: scarabeus (-baeus) : PUn.: v. BEETLE.

Chaff: I. The husk of corn: 1, paiga (as collect, used in both sing, and pi.: the latter more freq.): Virg.: CoL

2, Seus, gris, re. (also in pi. aceres, fem.: Col.) : to strew c in hen-roosts, in cubilibus (gallinarum) acus substernere, Varr.: Cato: CoL ||, Anything worthless: quisquiliae: v.RUBBISH. chaffer (v) •• de pretio amblggre. chafferer: qui de pretio ambigit Chaffinch: frlngilla (J): Varr.:

Mart, (fringllla coelebs: Linn.). Chaffy: Scgrosus: Lucil. chafing (of the skin): 1, inter

trigo, Inis,/.: Varr.: Plin. 2. intrlgo, Inis,/..- Varr. chafing-dish: 1. focfiius: Pi.:

Liv. 2. batillum (also a fire-shovel): Hor. chagrin (subs) : stgmachus : lest

they should vent their c. upon me, ne in me s. erumpan t, Cic.: to excite laughter rather than ft, risum magis quam s. movere, Cic.: to cause any one c, s. alicui facere, Cic: Hor.: v. VEXATION, ILL-

HUMOUR.

chagrin ("•): stomachum alicui movere : v. T O V E X . Chain (subs): 1. L i t : of

metal: 1, catena (rarely if ever used of a chain worn for ornament): to put anyone in cs, aUquem in catenas con-jicere, Cae3. (=injicere c alicui, Cic): the links of a c, catenae anuli, PUn. (also used fig.: v. inf. fin). Dimin. catenula (rare), catella, a small c; esp. used for adornment: Hor.: Liv. (who use catella). 2. vinculum: a bond of any kind: q. v. 3. torques, is, m. and /. (only for personal adornment, and mostly worn by barbarians) : a gold c, t aureus, Liv.: Hor. ||, By meton.: bondage (q. v.): vincula, ser-vltus. Phr.: the cs of slavery, servile jugum, Cic.: v. Y O K E . |||. A series or succession qf anything: series, ei,/. : a e. of guards, s. custodiarum, Suet.: a c. of causes, s. causarum, Cic. Phr.: a ft of mountains, montes continui, Hor. (who, however, uses the expr. to denote an unbroken range of hills: Ep. I, 16, 5): or perhaps, montiran Jnga perpetua inter se connexa: a c of things, res inter se aptae colligataeque, Cic.: fate is an eternal and unalterable succession and c of things, latum est sempiterna quaedam et indeclin-abilis series reram et catena, GelL 6, 2 (init). chain (''•)•' catenis constringgre,

homini catenas tajicere, Cic: v. TO BIND.

chained: 1, catena tus : a ft door-keeper, c Janitor, Ov.: Hor. 2, catgnarius: a c. dog, c. canis, Sen. Chair (subs): |, A seat: 1,

sella: why don't you give him a cf datin' iatl s. ? PL: fl curule ft (fl portable chair for the higher magistrates), s. curalis, Cic: Hor.: a sedan c, s. gestatoria, Suet.: Hie back of a c, arcus sellae, Tac. Phr.: the arm qf a c, ancon, gnis, m.: Coel. Anr. 2. cSth-gdra (an easy couch-Wee chair): Hor.: Juv. | j. The office of a public teacher or officer: cathgdra: Aus. Phr.: a man who has passed the c, i. e. fteere chief officer or magistrate, vir censorius, consnlaris, praetorius, ete, according to the nature of the office held. Chair (v.): "aliquem sellae impos-itum humeris circumveetere. chairman: I. He who presides at any meeting: mBgister, tri: the c. of a company, m. societatis, Cic.: the c.ofa

feast, m. convivii, Varr. [|. One who carries a sedan.- 1, lecticarlus: Cic.: Suet. 2. homo ad lectlcam : Cat. chaise: clsium (o light two-wheeled

vehicle): to ride to Rome in a c, Ro-m a m dsio advehi, Cic.: to fly along in a c, cislo pervolare, Cic: v. also CARRIAGE.

chalcedony: achatgs chaicgdonius. Chalice: calix, Ids, m.: Cic.: Juv.:

v. CUP.

Chalk (subs): crgte: to mark with c (as lucky; opp. to carbone notare), creta notare, Hor.: Cic. Adj..- marked with ft, cretatus: bands marked with ft, fasciae c, Cic.: Juv. chalk (v): 1, creta ngtare (to

mark with ft): Hor. 2. increto, i (to whiten with c): to c the face, fac-iem in., Petr. 3. cretam s. creta illlno: v. TO BEDAUB.

chalk out: designo: v. T O M A R K OUT.

chalk-pit: crgtifgdtaa: Uip. Chalky: I. Abounding in c: cre-

tosus: Ov.: Plin. ||, Resembling c: cretaceus: PUn. challenge (subs): |. A summons

to fight: prSvgcatlo: Veil.: Plin. ||. (legal t. t) a formal objection to a juror: 1, rejectlo: the c qf jurymen, judicum r, Cic 2. rgcusatlo: Cod. 3, i, 16. challenge ("•) •' I. To call upon

to fight or contend: 1, provgco, i (with some defining word): to c. any one, aliquem ad pugnam p, Cic.: Liv.: he cs me to a game at dice, provocat m e in aleam, PL: to ft any one to sing, aliquem cantatum p., Ter. 2. lacesso, 3 : V. TO PROVOKE, TO CALL UPON. ||,

To object to a juror (leg. 1.1): rejlclo, jgei, Jectum, 3: the defendant cd 75 jurors out of 12;, ex CXXV. judlcibus, quinque et L X X . reus rejecit, Cic: Plin. Challenger: provocator: Liv. Epit.:

Just. chalybeate (adj.): ferrugingus: Hie

c taste of a spring, f. sapor fontis, Plin. chamber: I. Any room (q. v.):

conclave, diaete, etc ||, A bed-room: cubidilum: Cic.: Liv.: v. BED-CHAM

BER. HI, Any inner space: "pars interior : the c. of the eye, "pars oculi interior: Hie c. of a cannon, "tormenti pars interior. chamberlain: cublcuiarius: Cic

Phr.: high or laid c: 1, praepgs-Itus cnbiculo: Suet. 2. decurio cubiculariorum: Suet. 3. magister admissionum : Amni. Chamber-maid: ancilla cubicularia. chamber-pot: 1. matella; Mart. 2. matfila: PL: Petr.

chameleon: chamaelgon, onis, and ontis, rei..- Plin.: Gell. chamfer (v) •' strlo, 1: Vitr.: Plin. chamfer (subs): stria: Vitr.: v.

CHANNEL (II.).

chamfering: striatura: Vitr. chamois: 1. caprgglus: Vlrg.:

Col. 2, ruplcapra: Plin. chamomile: chamaemelon: Plin. c h a m p (v.): mando, di, sum, 3 : the

horses c. the yellow gold under their teeth, equl fulvum m. sub dentibus aurum, Virg. Phr.: the horse cs the bit with his teeth, equus dente frena premit, Ov.: v. TO BITE.

champaign (adj.): campester: v. FLAT. champaign (subs): campus: v. PLAIN. champignon: boletus parvus: v. MUSHROOM. champion: 1. propugnator: the defender cf his father's rights, and the c, as it were, of his patrimony, paternl Juris defensor, et quasi patrimonii p., Cic. 2. dgfensor: v. DE F E N D E R . 3. dux, dads (applicable to the chief or ringleader in any enterprise): with him (Eaeso) as Hieir c, hoc duce, Liv. 3,11 (med.).- v. CAPTAIN. chance (subs): \, Accident, fortune : 1, casus, ns: they commit I 2

Hie mailer to c, rem in casurn ancipitis eventus commlttunt, Liv.: esp. in abl,, casu, by chance: I -mentioned them, not designedly but by c, non consulto sed casu in eorum mentionem incidi, Cic: whether by c. or by design, sive c sive consilio, Caes. 2. fors, fortis,/.: abl. forte (both of which, esp. forte, are also used as adverbs: the reoro. often has a quasi-personal meaning=fortuna): ft is more influential in some things than reason, f. in aliquibus rebus plus quam ratio potest, Cic.: what ft may bring we will bear with resignation, quod f. feret feremus aequo animo, Ter.: to happen by c, forte evenire, Ter.: Cic

3. fortuna: v. FORTUN E . 4.

alga (strictly of gambling: q. v.): the c. of war, a. belli, Liv.: there is ft ire the selection of victims, a. bostfts delig-endis inest, Cic. 5, tgmgrltas (i. e. a reckless, random distribution of things: rare): things in which no c but order appears, in quibus nulla t sed ordo ap-paret, Cic. Phr.: it is not by c that the crow is now cawing on my right hand, non temere est quod corvus can-tat mihi nunc ab laeva manu, PL: Virg.: nothing abounds so much in cs as the sea, nihil tam capax fortuitorum quam mare, Tac.: a c. customer, emptor fortuitus: to talce care of the main c, rem servare, Hor. A. P. 329: rem facere, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 6;: pecuniam pri-m u m quaerere, ib. v. 53. ||, IPro-bability or prospect of success: spes, spgl,/: v. PROSPECT, HOPE.

chance (v.): v. T O H A P P E N . Often expr. by means of adv. forte, casu: as, / cd to be walking along tlie Sacred Way, ibam forte Via Sacra, Hor. chancel: "cancellus: M . L.: v. Du

Cange, s. v.: or, locus in ecclesia ad aram cancellis septus. chancellor: cancell&rlus: Cassiod.:

loi-d-c, regni or magni regni c, Poly. Verg.: c. of the exchequer, (r) lggista, ae, m.: Cod. Just, ("cancellanus aerarii). chancellorship: cancellarlimunus;

Poly. Verg. chancery: "cancellarii curia. chandelier: candelabrum: Cic. chandler: candelarum venditor,

propola. change (v): A. Trans.: |,

To alter; either in whole or part: 1, muto, 1: toe one's dress (esp. of going into mourning), vestitum m , Cic.; ves-timenta m. (of an ordinary change of. raiment), Suet.: everything has been altered and cd for Hie uorse, omnia versa et mutate in pejorem partem, Cic.: v. T O ALTER. 2. commute, i

(to c altogether): to c. Hie countenance, vultum c, Cic.: Scipio cs his plan and his march, consilium Scipio iterque c, Caes.: to fte c.d from ti-ue to false, ex veris in falsa c, Cic. 3. immuto, i (esp, of alteration in a thing; partial change): to fte cd by prosperity, pros-peris rebus im, Cic.: v. T O ALTER. 4. permuto, I (c completely): to c. ones opinion, sententiam p, Cic. 5, verto, ti, sum, 3: i. e. to turn, convert: q. v.

6. converto, 3 (to turn about completely) : all things ft their forms, omnes res c formas, Lucr.: cd pursuits, conversa stadia, Hor.: cd in mind and countenance, conversi animum vultum-que, Tac 7, ngvo, 1 (to make innovations) : to C. anything in the laws, aliquid in legibus n, Cic: to ft one's name and appearance, nomen faciemque n, Ov.: to c. the government, res n, Liv.: to wish to c. everything, omnia velle n, Liv. Phr.: let us c. Hie subject, sermonem alio transferamus, Cic. ||, To exchange: permuto, 1: to c. a denarius for sixteen asses, denarium sedecim assibus p., Plin.: v. TO EXCHANGE. B, Intrans.: 1, muto, 1 (esp. as refi) -. the times c, and we c ivith them, tempora mutantur, nos et mutemur in ill's, Hor.: Cic: also in act. voice, with ellipsis of refl. pron.: how much manners have cd, quantum mores mutaverint, Liv.: to such a degree had men's feelings c.d, adeo animi MS

C H A N G C II A R A C T E K C H A R C O A L

muiaveniiit, Liv. 2, verto, ti, sum, 3 (often with pron. reflect., or as v. reflect) : the south wind cs to the southwest, Auster in Africum se v, Caes.: fortune had already c.d, jam verterat fortuna, Liv.: all things c, omnia ver-tuntur, Prop. 3. incllno, I (to Incline ; as a scale: with pron. reflect.) : fortune had c.d (for the worse) : se fortuna inclinaverat, Cic. 4. abgo, 4 (with ire and ace.: poet.): his dress cs into shaggy hair, in villos ab. vestes, Ov.: Lucr. 5. transeo, 4: he cs into earth and stone, ilie in h u m u m saxum-que tr, Ov. 6, cedo, cessi, cessum, 3 (with in and ace): Liv.: Plin.: v. TO TURN.

change (subs.) : |, Alteration : 1. mutatio (for the distinction be

tween *this and the loll, words, comp. the verb) : a ft qf plan, consilii m , Cic: to make a ft, m. facere, Cic.: a c. of weather, coeli m . Col. 2. conimu-tiitio: e. of manners or pursuits, morurn aut studiorum c, Cic: a ft of circumstances, c. rerum, Caes. 3. immu-tatio: ac. of words, verborum im, Cic.: c of order '(in words), ordlnis im, Cic.

4. pernuitatlo: a great c. of affairs, magna rerum p., Cic.: Quint. g, vicis, vlcem, vice; plu. vices (nom. and ace), vlclbus, /. (only of alternations, vicissitudes) : silently bewailing the sadc. of fortune, tacite gementes trist-em fortunae vicem, Phaedr.: severe winter melts away at the agreeable c. of spring and of the south-west wind, sol-vitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni, Hor.: cs arc generally agreeable to tlie rich, plerumque gratae divi-tibus v, Hor. 6, vlcissltudo (like vicis): cs qf fortune, vicissitudlnes fortunae, Cic : v. ALTERNATION. f". Re

volution (political) : res novae: Dum-norix was fond of c, Dumnorix cupidus r. novarum erat, Caes.: the commonalty fond ofes, plebs novarum r. cupida, Sail.: Cic \\\, Small coins: Phr.: togiveany one c, "alicui numos majores minorum justo numero pemutare. \\f, A balance out of a sum of money: "numi minores quae adhuc de pecunia restant (cf. Hor. A. P. 328). V. An exchange: q. v. changeable: 1. matabiiis, e:

ivoman ever inconstant and ft, varium et mutabile semper femina, Virg. 2. commutabilis, e (less freq.) : a c. mind, c animus, Cic. 3, amblguns (poet): c Proteus, am. Proteus, Ov. 4, In-aequaiis, e (poet.): c. Autumns, in. Autumni, Ov.: Hor. g, taconstans, antis: c. winds, inconstontes venti, Plin.: v. FICKLE. 6. mobllis, e: v. FICKLE. 7. ventosus (c as the wind): Hor.: v. CAPRICIOUS.

changeableness: 1. mutaMUtas: unsteadiness and c of mind, inconstantia m.que mentis, Cic. 2, volfibllitas : the c. of fortune, fortunae v, Cic.: v, FICKLENESS.

changeless : immutabilis, e : v. UNCHANGEABLE.

changeling: 1, subdltus (p. part, of subdo): lie suspects that he is a ft, s. se suspicatur, Ter.: they call me a ft, s. m e appellant, Liv. 2. suppgs-Itus: v. SUPPOSITITIOUS.

changer : mutator : Lucan.: Val. Flac Channel (subs.): \, A watercourse: 1, citualis, is, rei..- artificial cs, c.

stractiles, Vitr. (also used of natural cs): Varr.: Caes. Dimin. canaliculus, a small c: Col. 2. rivus (usu. a brook: q. v.); to shut up cs (watercourses), rivos claudere, Virg.: a sloping c (of a rivulet), pronns r, Hor. 3. alvgus (the bed of a river) -. the ft qf a river, fluminis a, Virg.: Hor. : Plin. Dimin. alvgglus, a small c: Curt. 4. mgatus, us (a passage).- the Danube discharges itself into the Euxine through six cs, Dan ubi us in Ponticum mare sex meatibus erumpit, Tac. 5. limes, Itis, rei.: until the rivers run in their accustomed c, solito dum flumina cursant limite, Ov.: Prop. ||, A furrow in a pillar: 1, canalis: Vitr.; 116

also, canaliculus (dim.) ; Vitr. g, stria: Vitr. |||, An arm of the sea: frgtum: the British c, "fretum Britan-nicum: v. STRAIT.

channel ("•) •• strlo, 1: to c. pillars with twenty flutings, columnas viginti striis s, Vitr. channelled (archit): 1. aivgg-

latus: Vitr. 2. canalicilatus: Plin. channelling: striatura: Vitr. chant (v.): canto: v. T O SING. Chant (subs): cantus (ecclesiasticus):

v. SONG.

Chanter: cantor: v. srNGER. chantry : cantaria : M. L. Chaos: 1, chaos, re.: Ov. 2.

(By cireuml.) rudis indigestaque moles: Ov. Phr.; he brought this out of e. into order, id ex inordinate in ordinem adduxit, Cic.: v. CONFUSION, DISORDER.

chaotic: 1. confusus: the ft ruin of the world, mundi c. ruina, Lucr.: v. CONFUSED. 2. indlgestus: Ov.

chap (»•): A. Trans.: 1, scindo, scldi, scissum, 3 : Cels. 2, diffindo, fldi, fissum, 3.- the cold cs the hands, "frigus cutem manuum diffindit.

B, Intrans.: scindor, scissus, 3: the skin cs, cutis scinditur, Cels. chap (subs): fissura: es ore the lips,

labrorum f, Plin. chapel: 1, aedlciila: Cic. 2,

s&cellum : <"':.; Liv. 3. sacrarium: Nep. 4, '-oapella: M . L . chaplain: 1. "capellanus (in the

R. Catholic Ch.): Er. 2. diacgnus (Gr. SiaKOfos* a word used of Christian ministers generally): Germ. Evang. Ch. (Kr.) chaplaincy: "sacerdotis munus. chaplet: I. of flowers: 1,

cgrona: v. W R E A T H . 2. sertum ; and esp. in pi. serta: v. G A R L A N D , FESTOON.

(In poetry the name of the plant from the leaves of which the chaplet is constructed is often used alone: as, to encircle the brows with ac. of vine-leaves, pampino tempora cingere, Hor, so with myrto, hedera, etc). |j. A string of beads: "lapillorum, margaritaruni, etc. (v. BEAD), series.

chapman: caupo: v. TRADER, SHOP

KEEPER.

Chapter: \. A division of fl book, ete.: 1, caput, Itis, re.; esp. of the divisions or chapters of a law: from the first c of the law to Hie last, a primo c. leg's usque ad extremum, Cic: of a book: Cels. (and later Latin, passim).

2. cSpitulum: Tert.: Just. Cod. ||, A body of canons: "canonicorum

collegium (Kr.). |||. A meeting of canons: "(canonicorum) conventus. chapter-house.' canonicorum curia

(Kr.). char («•): 1. "in carbonem re-

digere (i. e. to reduce to cliarcoal). 2, amburo, ussi, ustam, 3 (i. e, to burn anything so that the exterior is charred): v. T O BURN. TO become c.'d, carbonescgre, Coel. Aur. char-woman: mercenaria (?), Spgr-

aria. character: I. A written or ere-

graved symbol: character, gris, m.: Aug.: v. LETTER. |J, Moral qualities, taken collectively: 1, mgres, um, ro..- to become acquainted with the entire life, disposition, and c. of any one, totam vitam, naturam, moresque alicujus cog-noscere, Cic.: a speech pourtrays the c. of the speaker, mores oratoris effingit oratio, Cic: you liave c, eloquence, a good name, sunt (tibi) mores et lingua fidesctue, Hor. 2. habitus, us (i. e. peculiar constitution): the prudent man does not judge from his own c, but from some external circumstance, prudens non ex ipsius habita, sed ex aliqua re externa judicat, Cic: Phaedr. 3, natura (natural disposition): a beneficent c, benefica n, Cic: Hor. 4, animus: i. e. disposition, temper: q. v! Phr.: a man wliose c. is such as reason requires, vir ita moratus ut ratio pos-tulat, Cic. HI, Reputation; esp. qf agoodlcind: 1, existlmaflo (esteem, repute) -. a needy man, without c, with

out pioperty, homo egens, sine ex, „im censu, Cic.: to injure any one's c alicujus ex. offendere, Cic 2. hgnestas (honourable c): which families I name on account qf their c and respectability quas familias honestatis ampUtudinis-que gratia nomino, Cic. P h r.: of good c, hgnestus: v. HONOURABLE, RESPECT-

A B L E : a person of most infamous c homo flagitiosissimus, Cic (Sail, has the abstract flagitium = flagitiosus: "flagj. riorum atque facinorum catervae," Cat, 14): to bear a very bad c, flagrare ru-moremalo, Hor. S. 1, 4, 125: Cic: to have got a c for roguery, turpi fraude innotuisse, Phaedr.: to care nothing for c, fortune, or danger, fidem, fortunas perienla vilia habere, Sail.: v. BEPOTA! TION. |V. Peculiar or specific nature (of things): 1, prgprlgtas: the c. of a soil or climate, terrae, coeUp,liv,: V. CHARACTERISTIC. 2. COlof (fig,): what after all, said lie, is that c. of refinement (to which you refer) t qui est, inquit, iste tandem urbanitatlse? Cic: v. COMPLEXION. 3. habitus, 5s: the

c.ofa speech, h. orationis, Cic: v. CHARACTERISTIC. V. Office, capacity:

1. persgna: to assume the c. qfa plaintiff, petitoris p. capere, Cic; to represent the c. qf another, alienam p. ferre, Liv. 2. partes, ium: the c of a (single) actor, actoris partes, Hor.: v. inf. 3. numgrus: in the c. of a soldier, numero mint's, Caes. VI. A part or personage; esp. in a drama:

1, partes, ium, /.: he who will play the principal ft will be Plumnk, primas p. qui aget, is erit Phonnio, Ter.: the second or inferior c, p. sec-undae (or simply secundae), Cic.: Plin,

2, persona: the c. of a parasite, parasiti p, Ter.: Gell. characteristic (adj.): 1. pro-

prius (with gen.): this vice is not c. of old age, but is common to wealcness generally, id non p. seneetutis est ritium, sed commune valetudinis, Cic: to create and to produce is chiefly c of art, artis maxime p. est creare et gignere, Cic

2. moratus; ac.poem(i,e.abounding in character), m. poema, Cic.: Hor. Phr.: some traits in you arec,others common to you and many persons, sunt quaedam in te singularia, quaedam tibi i cum multis communia, Cic: ww% his c, that is to say, dubious, fidelity, sua, id est dubla, fide, Veil. characteristic (subs): 1. pro-

prlum (prop, an adj.: v. supr): this tliey consider the c of bravery, hoc p. virtutis existimant, Caes.: Cit 2. habitus, us: the natural cs of soiU, patrii h. locorum, Virg.: more usu. collectively: v. CH A R A C T E R (IV). 3.

proprigtes: everything has its peculiar cs, singularium rerum singulae p. sunt Cic. 4. Expr. by gen. of the sals. denoting "that whose c is spoken of; as, it is the c Of a wise judge, sapientis judicis est, Cic. (or by a derivative adj.; as, it is the c. of human beings, humanum est). . 5. character, Sis: v. STYLE.

characteristically: l.pr°P™:

it is difficult to treat hackneyed subjects c, difficile est communia p. dicere, Hor. 2. ex more suo, tuo, etc: v. MANNER.

characterize: I. To assign a character to : 1, describe scrips', scriptum, 3: to c. any one as a roftfter and assassin, aliquem latronem ac sica-rium d, Cic. 2. ngto, I (in W sense): to ft (vicious persons) uw abundant freedom (of the Old Comedy), muita cum libertate notare, Hor.: v.» BRAND. ||. To be a distingmshmS mark of: proprlnm esse: this one mug chiefly cs are orator, hoc est mnrm oratoris maxime p, Cic. charade: "aenigma syllabic**"1 (Kr.). . . Charcoal: carbo, onis, m.: I ™ 1 make her as black as c, tam atram «»• dam quam c. est, Ter. Phr.: 0, c--burner, carbonarlus, PL: a mail pica of c, carbunciilus, Auct. Her.

C H A R G E C H A R I O T C II A II M

Charge^-)-' A. Trans.: |. To load or burHien: q. v. Phr.: to c. a gun, "tela, missilia, glandes, pulver-cmque nitratum tormento (sclopeto) Ingerere. ||, To rush against, attack. 1, incurro, curri, and cucurri, cursum, 3 (with dat. or occ): Hie infantry cd Hie wings, peditum signa in-cucurrerunt cornibus, Liv.: Tac: to c. Hie (enemies') flank, Iatus (hostium) in, Tac: SalL (N.B. incurrere in with ace. appears to be used only of incursions into an enemy's country.) 2. invado, 3: v. TO ATTACK. 3, irrUo, rui, 3 (foil, by ire) : to ft the centre, in mediam aciem ir., Cic. 4, signa in-tero, tvili, latum, 3 (with ire and ace, or dot.): to c Hie enemy, signa in hostes in, Caes.: Hie Romans charge Hie wavering foe, trepidantibus inferunt signa Romani, Liv.: v. TO ATTACK. HI. To

place cm the debit side; regard as a debt: 1, fgro, tiUi, latum, 3 (with the perf. part, expensus agreeing with the subst): what did you gain by not c.ing it to them? quid proderat tibi te ex-pensum fllis non tullsse ! Cic.: if you had cd those 100,000 scstorces to me, si mihi expensa ista H. S. centum tullsses, Cic. 2. infgro, tuli, latum, 3 : to c. an expense to the citizens, sumptum civibus Inf., Cic: to ft ire accounts, rationibus inf., CoL 3. impute, 1: bailiffs ft for far more seed-corn than they have really sown, villicl longe plus im. seminis jacti quam quod severint, Cui.: to c. expenses to any one, sumptus ulicui im, Uip. Fig.: lie perceives that the days which are lost, yet cd to us, are vanishing and departing, soles effugere atqne abire sentit qui nobis pereunt et imputantur, Mart. Phr.: to ft a certain price for goods, pretium statuere merci, PL: to ft a fixed price, pretium certum constitnere, Cic. |V. To impute to, accuse of: 1. arguo, ui, utum, i (the offence charged is expr. by gen., abl., or de; also by ace. and inf.): to c dead men with the greatest wickedness, viros mortuos summi seeleris ar, Cic.: Ida not ft you icit/t this crime, te hoc crimine non arguo, Cic: he is cd loith this crime, de eo crimine arguitur, Cic: Roscius is cd with liaving Icilled his father, occidisse patrem Rosdus arguitur, Cic. 2. imputo, 1 (with dat. of person and ace. of crime imputed): the murder should be cd upon him who began tlie quarrel, ei caedes imputanda est a quo Jnrgium coepit, Quint.: v. TO IMPUTE. 3, inslnmlo, 1 (usu. offalse or malicious charges): to c. any one with treachery, aliquem prodltionis in, Caes.: Cic: to fte cd with the offence of treachery, prodltionis crimine fnsimu-larl, Liv.: to c. any one falsely, aliquem falso in, Cic: v. TO ACCUSE, ASCRIBE.

V. To enjoin upon: q. v.: mando, 1 (with dat. of person and subj.): he cs Volusenus to return to him as soon as possible, Voluseno mandat ut ad se quam primum revertatur, Caes.: Caesar liad by letter particularly cd Trebonius not to allow the town to be taken by assault, Caesar per literas Trebonio mag-nopere mandaverat ne per vim oppidum expugnari pateretnjt, Caes. VI. To , charge any one with some duty: 1, committo, misi, missum, 3 (foil, by ut or ne): the senate cd him with the responsibility of seeing that, etc, senatus et comtntslt ut videret, etc, Cie.: v. T O COMMIT. • 2, crgdo, 3: v. TO ENTRUST.

3, impgno, pgsui, pgsltnm, 3 (with occ of thing and dat. of person): to c. oneself with severer labours, sibi gravi-ores labores im, Caes.: you cd me with tlie part of defending, vos mihi personam imposuistis, ut taerer, Cic.: v. TO IMPOSE UPON. Phr.: to c. any one

with the oversight of any matter, aliquem negotio praeficere, Cic.: Caes.: v. TO APPOINT. B. Intrans.: tomalce an onset: 1. concurro, curri, cursum, 3 : they c with presented standards, cum fnfestls signis concurrant, SalL: to c. from an ambush, ex insidiis c, Liv. 2, irruo, 3: we c. with the sword,

irruimus ferro, Virg. 3. invado, 3: v. TO A T T A C K : v. supr. (II.). Charge (subs.): |, Load, cargo:

q. v. P h r.: the c. qf a gun, "embolus: v. CARTRIDGE. ||, An onset, attack: q. v. 1, incursus, us: to withstand cs of cavalry, Incursus equitum sustinere, Caes.: to be routed at the first c, primo in. pelli, Liv. 2. incursio (less freq. in this sense): Cfc: v. INROAD.

3. concursus, us (the rushing together of two armies): the c. of both armies, c. ntrinsque exercitus, Caes.

4, impgtus, us (a furious onset: q. v.): to sustain a c.'of swords, im. gladiorum excipere, Caes.: to metfee a c. upon the enemy, impetum in hostes facere, Caes. Phr.: are impetuous c of cavalry, prgcella equestris, Liv. |||, An injunction, mandate (q. v.): man-datum : to give cs to any one, alicui mandate dare, Cic.: to pay no attention to cs, m. negligere, Ov. Phr.: a judge's c, "allocutio judicialis or prae-toria. |V. Oversight, care, duty of attending to.- 1, cura (most general term): the c of equipping a legion, legion's armandae c, Tac.: the c. of the treasury, c. aerarii, Suet 2. curatlo (=cura: less freq.): let me look after Hie maid-servants, which is my ft, me sinas curare ancillas, quae mea est c, PL 3. tutela (prop, of protection, guardianship): to have c of tlie door, t Januae gerere, PL : c. of the highway, viae t, Cels. Dig. Phr.: where each legate or tribune liad c, ubi quisque legatus aut tribunus curabat, Sail.: to have c. of a business, negotio praeesse, Caes.: I give this man in c. to you, hunc hominem in tuam custodiam trado, PL: v. OFFICE, DUTY. V, That which

is attended to: 1, cura (esp. in dat, after esse): Caesar promised that that matter should be his ft, Caesar pollicitus est sibi earn rem curae futuram, Caes.: Hie boy, my chief ft, puer, mea maxima cura, Virg. 2. alumnus (one who is being nourished and cherished): what greater boon could the nurse implore for her sweet c? quid voveat ma jus dulci nutricula alumno ? Hor.: Virg.: v. FOSTER-CHTLD. 3. tutela (rare): the foremost maidens, Hie c of the Delian goddess, virginnm primae, Deliae tatela deae, Hor.: Prop. VI. Accusation: a. v.: crimen, Inis, re. Phr.: a false and unjust ft, falsa atque taiqua insim-ulatio, Cic. VII. Honey to be paid: prgtium; sumptus: v. PRICE, EXPENSE.

chargeable: I. That may be imposed : Phr.: a tax c. on an estate, "tri-butum praedio hnponendum. ||. Subject to a burthen or tax: chiefly with verb to fte; when it may be expr. by servlre; Cic Hull. 3, 2, 9: Digest |||, That may be imputed or attributed: v. ATTRIBUTABLE. Phr.: this misfortune is c. to our folly, "hoc malum stultitiae nostrae Imputandum est. IV, Subject or exposed to (e. g. to are accusation):

1, obnoxlus (with dat): c. with a fault, culpae ob.t Ov.: ft with an act, ob. facto, Tib. 2, afflnis, Is (also with dat): c. with guilt, af. noxae, Liv.: to adjudge any-to be cwith infamous conduct, aliquem af. turpitudini judicare, Cic: v. GUILTY, RESPONSIBLE.

charger: I. A large dish: pB-tgra: v. DISH. ||, A war-horse, gquus bellator: Tac Ger. 14. Charily". parce.mal'gn**: SPARINGLY,

GRUDGINGLY.

chariness: **• PARSIMONY. chariot: 1. currus, us: to drive

a c, c agere, Ov.: to ride in a c drawn by four horses, curru quadrigarum vehi, Cic.: a c drawn by two horses, bijngus c, Lucr.: to upset a c, c evertere, Curt.

2, curriculum (a c for racing): Tac: Suet. 3. essgdum (prop, a war c.; esp. of the Gauls and Britons) : fighting from cs, ex essedis pugna, Caes.: Cic. (The uar-cs of the ancient Britons are also called ciSvIni: Lucan.) 4. blgae, arum (contr. from bijfigae: bonce, a c drawn by a pair of horses); In ride in a c, bigis vehi, Virg.: to yoke

a c and pair, bigas jungere, Plin. Less freq. in the sing.: Tac.: Stat (We also find the uncontr. forms bijugae, bijugi; but mostly in the poets: Virg.)

5, quadrigae, arum (= quadrijugae: hence, a c. and four): to yoke a c and four, q. Jungere, Plin.: Virg. Phr.: ft horses (i. e.for c. races in the cii'cus), equi curules, Liv.; v. CARRIAGE. charioteer: 1. auriga: Caes.:

Cic.: Virg. 2. quadrigarlus (the driver of a four-lwrsed chariot; esp. in the circus): Varr.; Cic. The word also occurs as an adj.; as, in Hie guise of a ft, quadrlgario habita, Suet. 3. agitator (esp. of cs in, the public games): PL : Cic. 4. essgdarius (of ihe combatants ire war-c.s): Caes.: Cic. 5. cgvinarius (L q. essedarius): Tac chariot-race: (?) curriculum (equo-

rum): Hor. Od. 1, 1, 3: Liv. 4;, 33 (but the phrase perhaps is equally applicable to simple horse-races). Phr.: to be a, driver in a c, quadrigas agitare, Suet. charitable: I. Liberal, boun

tiful : bgnignus, bgngficus': v. BENEVOLENT, KIND. II, Lenient in judg

ments; no exact word; perhaps mitis is the nearest: cf. Tac. Agr. 16: "Tur-pilianus delictis hostium novus eoquc poenitentiae mitior:" v. GENTLE. Phr.: to put the more c construction upon a thing, aliquid in mitiorem partem interpretari, Cic.: v. CHARITY.

charitableness : I. Of giving liberally : bgnignltas: v. KINDNESS, GENEROSITT. II, The disposition to

form Icindly judgments: "animus mitis: animus qui omnia in mitiorem (meli-orem) partem interpretari solet; judicium facile ac benieiium: v. CHARITABLE.

charitably: I. of bounty.- bgn-igng: v. KINDLY. ||. Of Icindly, charitable feeling: miti animo; in mitiorem partem: v. CHARITABLE. charity: 1. Christian love : carl-

tas (cbaritas) : Vulg., 1 Cor. xiu.: Aug. ||. The spirit cf generous allowance

for others: v.CHARITABLENESS(II.). |||, Alms : q. v. N.B.—The word charity being expressive of a Christian sentiment cannot be expressed with entire accuracy in a classical prae-Christian language. The words given in this and the preceding articles must be regarded as approximative. charlatan: |. A quack doctor: 1. eircttiator: Cels.: Sen. 2.

pharmacgpOla circumfgrangus: Cic. ||. A pretender to slcill or Icnow-

ledge which he does not possess: 1 ostentator: PL: Liv. 2. JactStor: Quint Charlatanry: I. Medical quackery:

"mgdicina. circulatoria. ||, Pretence to skill or knowledge: 1, ostentatio: Cic. 2. circaiatorla jactatio: Quint. Charles'-wain l plaustrum : Ov.:

V. BEAK. charlock (a plant): lapsana: Cels.:

Plin. charm (subs): |, Spell, fascina

tion (a. v.) : 1, carmen: cs can even bring down the moon from Hie sky, c vel coelo possunt deducere lunam, Virg.: Hor. 2. vox, vocis, /.: to bring down Hie moon by cs, deripere lunam vocibus, Hor. 3, cantio: Cic

4. cantos, us : Tib.: Ov. g, in-cantatlo (rave): inaoic cs, magicae in , Finn. (N.B.— All the above words denote charms said or sung) 6. fasclnum (v. Lat. Diet s. v.): Gell.: Symm. 7. amiilgvum: v. AMULET. Phr.: the snake is made to burst asunder by cs, rumpitur anguis cantando, Virg. ||, Pleasing influence, grace:

1. gratia: the c. of beauty, g. formae, Ov.: the ft of Hie Attic language, g. sermonis Attlci, Quint 2. blandi-mentum (of that which wins upon and flatters): Hie cs of life, vitae b, Tac. 3, blandltla (*= No. 2): Cic.: Quint. 4. dgcor, oris, m. (only of personal charms); Hor.: Ov. g. dulcedo (urcehieis, dclieiffitlr-i'ss): the ft of glory, II"

r IT A R M C H A S T I T Y C H E A T

gluriae d, Cic: by some unaccountable c„ nescio qua d, Virg.: the c. of love, amor's d, Virg. 6. leper and lgpos, oris, m. (esp. of c and elegance of manners) : the games liad not even that ft, ludi ne id quidem leporis habuerunt, Cic.: tlie whole c. of life, omnis vitae 1, Plin.: abounding in every c and grace, affluens omni 1. ac venustate, Cic 7. vgnustas: v. LOVELINESS, G R A C E .

C h a r m (y): \, To affect or influence by supernatural means: v. T O RE-WITCH, ENCHANT. Phr.: lo have a

charmed life, "vitam divinitus munitam, deorum ope in omnem vim tutam, gerere. ||, To allay, assuage: q. v.

1, dglenio, 4 ; to c. the feelings qf men, animos hominum d, Cic: to ft any one with a song, aliquem carmine d, Ov. 2, rgcanto, I (to c. away): to c. away cares, curas r, Ov. |||. To delight: capio, cepi, captum, 3: to fte c.'d by the sweetness of a sound, vocis dulcedine capi, Ov.: thee another's wife cs, te capit aUena conjux, Hor.: Cic.: v. T O DELIGHT, PLEASE.

Charmer: I. Anenclianter: q_.v. ||, One who delights: 1, dell-

ciae: PL: Cic: Virg. 2. vgluptas: my c, mea v, PL: Virg. charming (subs) .- fascinatlo, effas-

dnatio: v. FASCINATION, C H A R M .

Charming (adj.) : 1. amoenus (esp. to the eye): c. places, am. loca, Sail.: c. shade, am. umbra, Ov.: fl c. picture, am. pictura, Plin. 2. bellus (pretty, elegant): a very c girl, bellis-sima puella, Cic 3. dulcis, e (delightful): a c. speaker, d. orator, Cic: c. poems, d. poemata, Hor.: a very ft letter, dulcissima epistola, Cic. 4. suavis (in this sense = dulcis): v. D E LIGHTFUL. 5.' lgpidus (of graceful, charming manners) .- I was handsome, c, fui ego bellus, lepidus, Fl.: O most c. little creature! o capitulum lepidis-simum! Ter. 6. vgnustas, pulcher: v. BEAUTIFUL, LOVELY. 7, gratus:

v. PLEASING.

charmingly: 1. KpMe (prop. tastefully; with elegance of manner): a c. dressed sister, 1. ornato soror, PL: charmingly (as an expression of admiration), lepide! Ter. 2, vgnuste (gracefully: q.v.): Quint: Sen. 3, belle (v. NICELY): Cic 4, festive (facete): v. MERRILY.

charnel-house: ossuarlum: Uip. Chart: "tabula nautica: v. M A P . charter (subs): i. e. are instrument

conferring privileges: diploma, atis, n. (in ancient times usu. of a letter of privilege granted to individuals): to sign a ft, d. signare, Suet charter (»•) •* |. To grant a

cliarter to: prob. only in part, chartered (q. v.). |1, To hire (a ship): conduco, duxi, ductum, 3 : Cic.: Hor. charter-party: "pactum (syngra-

pha) de navi conducenda. _ chartered : Enjoying a charter .-

diplomate donatus. Phr.: a c. libertine (Shales.), adulter immunis (?); a ft fool, "cui omnia ridicula impune eloqui licet. chary: parous: v. SPARING. Phr.:

you are c. qf fetching down the wine-jar from the left, parcis deripere horreo amphoram, Hor. .chase (v.) : to hunt, pursue (q. v.) :

venor; sector, agi to. Phr.: c. away cares with wine, vino pellite curas, Hor.: tlie winds c. away tlie clouds, fugant flamina nubes, Ov.: v. T O DRIVE AWAY. chase, or chace (subs.): |. Hunting : 1. venatio: fowling and the c, aucupium atque venatio, Cic.: the Suevi are much engaged in the c, Suevi multum sunt in venationibus, Caes. 2. vgnatus, us: exertion in the c, labor in venatu, Cic.- Virg, 3, (very freq.): expr. by ger. or other part of verb (venor); as, fondness for the ft, venandi stadium, Cic: to be devoted to the ft, venandi studiosum esse, Cic: v. HUNTING. Phr.: a dog fit for the c, canis venatlcus, Cic; c venatorius, 118 '

PL: beasts suited for the ft, ferae: v. G A M E . ||. Pursuit: q. v. |||, A

district stored with game: 1, septum venationis: Varr. 2. saltus, us (a term applicable to wooded country generally) : to surround a ft with nets and to rouse it with dogs, sepire plagis sal-tum, canibusque clere, Lucr.: Virg. chase ("•) •* to engrave: caelo, 1 :

magnificent and expensively cd vases, vasa magnlfica et pretlose caelata, Cic.: to ft shields with gold and silver, c. scuta auro et argento, Liv.: to c. anything on gold, c. aliquid ta auro, Virg. Phr.: a tool-for c.-ing, caelum: v. G R A V E R : c.d work or the art of cliasing, caelatura: Cic: Quint.: also, caela-men, and pi. caelamlna (Hie work): Ov.: PUn. chaser: an engraver: caelator: Cic:

Juv. chasing (of metals): caelatura:

Quint: Plin.: v. T O CHASE. c h a s m : 1. hiatus, us: the earth

liaving opened he descended into the c, quum terra discessisset in h. descendit, Cic.: Virg.: v. CLEFT. 2. chasma, atis, re.: Sen. 3. spgeus, ns: Hie forum is said to have opened in a huge c, forum s. vasto collapsum dicitur, Liv. (v. C A V E R N ) : in the next sentence Livy appUes the term vorago to the same chasm or gulf (q. v.). Phr.: the earth opens in a c, terra discedit, dis-silit: v. T O C L E A V E A S U N D E R .

chaste: I. Of morals: 1. castas (having ref. to purity in general: v. P U R E ) : c. Minerva, c. Minerva, Hor.: a c expression of countenance, c vultus, Ov.: a c. liouse, c. domus, Cat 2. piidicus (of purity in the relations of sex): the c blush even to speak about chastity, erubescunt pudici etiam loqui de pudicitia, Cic.: c. Mippolytus, p. Hip-polytas, Hor.: c. Penelope, p. Penelope, Hor.: a c. liouse, p. domus, Cic: c. manners, p. mores, PL: Ov. ||, Of style and language • 1. purus: a c and perspicuous style, p. et candidum (illustre) genus dicendi, Cic.: a concise and c. style, pressus sermo p. que, Plin. Ep. (Purus is also used to designate language free from barbarisms: Cic.)

2. pressus (i. e. pruned; bare of ornament): instead qf being c, they become meagre, flunt pro pressis exiles, Quint: Cic. (who applies the term to the style of Thucydides). 3. castus : an exceedingly c style, sermo castissi-mus, Gell. 4. emendatus: i. e. generally faultless: q. v. P h r.: a c style of painting, * genus pingendi purum ac lenociniis carens. chastely: I, of morals.- 1,

caste: Cic. 2. piidice (for the distinction, see C H A S T E ) : Ter.: Cat: PUn.

||, Of style : 1. caste, pure : Gell. (both words referring chiefly to the aftsence of barbarisms). 2. presse (i. e. with studied avoidance of ornament): Cic. chasten: casflgo: v. T O CHASTISE. chasteness: I. i- q- chastity .-

q.v. jl. Purity of style: usu. to be expr. by an adj.; as, Caesar was remarkable for the p. of his style, Caesar castissimi sermonis fuit, Gell.: v. CHASTE (IL).

chastening (subs).- v. CHASTISEMENT.

chastise : 1. castigo, 1: to c. boys ivith words and stripes, c pueros verbis verberibusque, Cic. 2. punio, 4: v. T O PUNISH. 3, (in pass): plec-tor, 3 : we are deservedly cd, merito plectimur, Phaedr.: Hor. chastisement: 1. castigatio.- to inflict ft, aliquem castigatione afficere, Cic.: to submit to c, c accipere, Sen. 2. anlmadversio: fatherly c, pat-erna an, Cic.: v. P U N I S H M E N T . chastiser: castlgator: Liv.: Hor. (or expr. by part, of castigo): v. PUNISHER, chastity: 1. piidlcitia (sexual purity): on this side ft, on that, lust, hinc p., iliinc stuprum, Cio.: to do violence to any one's c, p. aucui eripere,

Cie.: c. and modesty, p. et pudor, PL 2, castttas (puritygenerally: q.v.):

Cic: Tac. 3, castlmonia (esp. of riie purity of ministers of religion): Cic-Liv. 4. pudor: i. e. modesty generally: q. v.

chat (v.) : fabulor, garrlo: v. ro GOSSIP.

chat (subs.): familiaris sermo: to have a c. with any one, familiares cum aliquo conferre sennones, Cic. Phr.: while we are liaving a c, interea dum sennones caedimus, Ter. chattel: 1. res manclpt(aterm

applied in law to property transferable by ordinary contract of sale): Cic.: Gal.

2. (only In pi.): bgna, orum (tie most gen. term): v. GOODS. 3, mg-blles res or mobilia bona(m<ra«jMe8): Uip.; also res moventes (a rare expression), Liv. ;, 25. chatter (v) •• |. To utter inar

ticulate sounds: balbttio, 4: Hie blackbird sings in the summer, cs in tie winter, canit aestate, hieme b. merula, Plin,: Cic; v. To BABBLE. ||, To

talk nonsense: garrio, balbutio, effutlo: v. T O B A B B L E . HI, To clatter together (of the teeth): 1, crepito, i: my teeth c, crepito dentibus, PL: Ov.

2, strideo, 2; or stride, 3: the patient's teeth c, aeger dentibus sliidet, Cels. chatter, chattering (subs.) |,

Are inarticulate noise; esp. qf birds: 1. clamor: tlie c of cranes, c

graum, Lucr.: v. NOISE. 2. clangor: applied to the noise made by various birds, as, cranes, Stat.; sparrows, Cic; geese, Liv. ||. Idle talk: garrffitas: Ov.: Quint.: v. BABBLE. |||. A noise made by tlie teeth: 1. crgjjltris, us: a c. of the teeth, dentium c, Cic. 2, stridor: a c. of the teeth, s. dentium, Cels. chatterbox: Ilngulaca: PL: GeU. Chattering (adj.): garrfilus: a c,

tongue, g. lingua, Ov.: Hie c rook, g. cornix, Ov.: the c. swallow, g. hirundc, Virg.: v. T A L K A T I V E .

chatty: garrulus: v. TALKATIVE. cheap: vilis, e: cheaper provisions,

annona vilior, PL: corn was cheaper, frumentum villus erat, Cic Fig.: our life would be c. in your esteem, tibi vilis vita esset nostra, Liv. Very ft, pervllis, Liv. Phr.: c provisions, Iaxa annona, Liv.: things all at once became so L, tanta repente viUtos annonae seouta est, Cic.: to hold a thing ft, aliquidparvi facere, pendere: v. T O VALUE.

cheapen: minore pretio quam postulatur Uceri: cf. Cic. Off. 3,15. cheap, cheaply (adv.) .• 1, ben8:

to buy c, b. emere, Cic (i. e. to buy advantageously; bene vendere is to sell to advantage, i. e. dear). 2, vlli (abl-of vilis; pretio being understood): to buy c, v. emere, PL 3. vIUter;PL: Plin. Phr.: landed estates may be bought ft, jacent praemia praediorum, Cic.: to farm tlie taxes ft, vectigalia parvo pretio redempta habere, Caes.: 1 sell m,y property not more clearly that others, perhaps mere c, vendo meum non pluris quam ceteri, fortasse etiam mi-noris, Cic.: to live c, "parvo sunvptu (parvis sumptibus) vivere: v. EXPESSB-cheapness: viutas: c of provisions,

v. annonae, Cic.: was this the ft vihieh lowered the value qf ourfarm-prcduset haeccine erat quae nostros fructus ml-nuebat v, ? Ter.

Cheat (v) : 1. fraudo, 1: Caeeilius was c.'d by Varius qf a great sum, of money, C. a Vario magna pecunia frau-datus est, Cic.: to c the soldiers of (ke plunder, miUtes praeda f, Liv.: toe. one's creditors, creditores f, Cic _ 2, gmungo, munxi, munctum, 3 (cornice: lit. to wipe a man's nose for him): 1 have c.'d the old men out of money, emunxi argento senes, Ter.: Hor. 3. circumeo, 4 (to get round, outwit): itis a disgraceful thing to be so c'd, fadnuB indignum sic circumiri, Ter.: Virg-: Tae. 4. circumscribo, scrips!, scriptum, 3 (esp. of cheating by law tricks): to ft young lads, adulescentulos ft, Cic:

CHEAT Juv. 5, circumvgnio, vgni, ventum, 4 (to overreach): he has been c'd out of his money, circumventas est pecunia, Cic.: Liv.; v. TO DEFRAUD, DECEIVE.

Cheat (subs): |. Fraud, deceit: a. v.: fraus. ||. One who cheats: 1, fraudator: Cic 2. circumscriptor (cf! TO CHEAT, 4) : Cic.: Juv. 3. fraus,

fraud's (abstract for concrete): PL: Ter.: v. ROGUE.

cheater: fraudator: v. preced. art. cheating (subs) : 1. fraudatio:

PL: Cic 2. circumscriptio: Cic: v. DISHONESTY.

check (v): I. 5Tb hold in anything in -motion (cf. also inf. II.): 1, inhlbeo, 2: toe willing steeds, volentes equos in, Ov.: to ft tlie flow of blood, craorem in, Ov.: to c. ore onset, impetum in, Liv. 2. cShibeo, 2: stronger than the preceding: v. T O RESTRAIN. 3.

tgneo, conrlneo, rgtlneo, sustlneo: all of which signify to bring a thing to a stand-still; whereas inhibeo is only partially to arrest Hie progress of: v, T O H O L D BACK, STOP. 4. rgtardo, I

(to slacken Hie speed of): to hold in and c. oxen forcibly, boves fortiter retinere ac r. Col.: to ft the onset of the enemy, hostium impetum r, Cic: v. T O RETARD. 5. tardo, i (i. q. letaido)-. to c Hie speed of pursuit, celer-itatem inseq-uendi t, Hirt; Caes.: to ft the speed of winged fate, volucris fati alas t, Hor.

6, mgror, I: v. T O DELAY, HINDER.

II, To give a check or rebuff to ; diminish Hie force of; impair the activity qf: X, reprimo, pressi, pressum, 3: lam aware that this pest of tlie commonwealGi may be c'd for a time, but not for ever kept down, intelligo banc reipubUcae pestem'paulllsper re-primi, non in perpetaum comprimi posse, Cic: to c. any one's attempts, conatus alicujus r, Cic: our soldiers C.'d their course, nostri milites cursum represserunt, Caes. 2. comprlmo, 3 (stronger than preceding; see first ex.): V. TO RESTRAIN, PUT DOWN. 3. SUp-

primo, is (almost = reprimo): to c are enemy, hostem s, Caes.: to c. the impetuosity of soldiers, militum impetum s., Liv.: to c. anger, iram s, Liv.: v. T O SUPPRESS, CONTROL! 4. contlneo,

tlnui, tentum, 2: toft rashness, temeri-tatem c, Cic.: v. T O RESTRAIN. 5,

infringo, frggi, fractum, 3 (to break the force of): to c. attempts, conatus in, Caes.: Cic: v. T O BAFFLE. 6. rg-

tundo, tudi, tusum, 3 (lit. to beat back): to c exuberant spirits, animum qui diffluat r, Ter.; to c. pride, superbiatn r, Phaedr.: to ft fl colleague, collegam r, Tac. 7, mollio, 4 (lit to soften; hence, to tame down, moderate): he c.'d Hannibal by his endurance, Hann ibalem patientia sua molliebat, Cic 8. sedo, 1: to ft a pestilence, pestilentlam s, LlV.: V. TO ALLAY, RESTRAIN. 9, re-

fraeno, I: v. TO'BRIDLE. Phr.: to ft

the expression of one's passion, animo et oration! moderari, Cic. (v. T O CONTROL) : to c crimes, crimina resecare (lit to amputate them), Juv. |||, To compare accounts: dispungo, xi, ctum, 3: to c. is to compare the receipts and the disbursements, d. est conferre ac-cepta et data, Uip.; rationes expensoram et acceptorum d. Sen. Check (subs): |, Restraint, hin

drance : q. v. N.B.—To be a c, act as a c. upon, may be expressed by any of the verbs for to check: q. v. ||, A slight rebuff: 1, incommgdum (lit. disadvantage: q. v): to make up for the c. received by their valour, In. vir-tute sarcire, Caes. (with reference to Pompey's success at Dyrrachium). 2. detrimentom (lit loss: q. v.); a term used by Caes. In the passage above referred to, as synon. with incommodum: B. C. 73. 3. rgpulsa (uso. of repulse in canvassing for office.- q.v.). Fig.: all passion turns lo sadness after re-ceimng a check, in tristitiam omnis ira post r. revolvitur, Sen. Phr.: to experience a c, nonnihil, aliquantulum cladls accipere (v. DISASTER): retundi

C HEERLESS

(V. "TO CHECK, II. 6). |||, T. t. in

chess: Phr.: to give ft, "regi minari: c. to your king, "regi cave: v. CHECKMATE. |V. A written order for the payment of money: v. CHEQUE. V. An order for admission to a theatre, etc, tessgra: Suet: Mart. checker: v. CHEQUER. cheek-mate: Phr.: to give c, reg-

em ad (extremas) incites redigere: cf. PL Poen. 4, 2, 85: "regem undique in-clusum tenere. cheek: 1. gena (usu. phi.) -. hairy

cs, pilosae g„ Cic.: smooth ft, hnpubes g, Ov.: Hor. 2. bucca (of the cheek when puffed out with eating, speaking, etc.): to puff out the cs, buccas sufflare, PL; b. inflare, Hor. (in token of passion) : cs dripping with white paint, flnentes cerussataeque b, Cic. 3. inalae, arum (prop. Hie cheek-bones): cs without hair, m. impubes, Virg. cheek-bone: 1. mala: Cels.:

Virg. 2. maxilla: Cic.: Plin. Cheer (v.) -• |. To gladden, en

liven: 1, hliaro, 1 (infreq.): to c. the senses, sensus h, Cic: Ov. 2. exhll&ro, 1 (stronger than simple verb): to c. labourers at tlieir work, in ipso opere ex. laborantes, CoL: Cic. 3, recrgo, 1: v. T O REVIVE, REFRESH. 4.

diffundo, fudi, fusum, 3 (fig.: Ut. to expand) ; to c the mind (with wine), animos d, Ov.: the opposite term is contraho: v. Cic. A m . 13, 48. g, erfgo, rexi, rectum, 3 (to lift up, raise from despondency): to c the mind when downcast and depressed, e. animum jam demissum et depressum, Cic.: v. T O ENCOURAGE, GLADDEN. Phr.: clieer up!

bono animo es! Cic: v. C H E E R (subs) ||. To salute or encourage with

shouts: plaudo: v. T O CLAP, A P P L A U D .

Phr.: that was cheered with incredible enthusiasm, id incredibili clamore et plausu comprobatum est, Cic.: Caesar was c.'d when he refused the crown, Caesar diadema cum plausu rejiciebat, Cic.

cheer (subs): \, A shout of joy or approbation: 1, clamor (the exact sense being shown by the context) : Hie cs of the soldiers, clamor militum gaudentium, Tac: / took my place on the rostra amid loud cs, maxi-m o c et plausu in rostris collocatus sum, Cic: what cs he excites! quantos is plausus et clamores movet I Cic.: v. ACCLAMATION. 2. plausus, iis: v.

APPLAUSE. ||. State cf mind: Phr.: be of good c, bono es animo, ades animo, Cic: what cf quid tibi est animi? Cic. |||, Entertainment, provisions: Phr.: good, c, coena lauta, Cic: poor ft, tenuis victus, Cic.: v. FARE. cheerful: 1. aiacer, oris, ere

(brisk, lively, q. v.): we are ft ire disposition, a. animo sumus, Cic. 2, hllSris, e; and hilarus (perh. rather stronger than the Eog.: v. M E R R Y ) : the sad dislike the c, the merry, the sad, oderunt hilarem tristes, tristemque jocosi, Hor.: e. guests, convivae hilari, Cic.: fl c. and glad countenance, vultus hilaris atque laetus, Cic. : fl ft life, hilara vita, Cic. 3. rgmissus (unbent, relaxed): with Hie gloomy to live morosely, with the c. pleasantly, cum tristibus severe, cum remissis jucunde vivere, Cic. 4. laetus: v. JOYFUL. cheerfully: I. Merrily. 1,

hllarg: to live c, h. vivere, Cic. 2, laetg: v. JOYFULLY. . ||. Very willingly : 1, Ubens, ntis (in agree, with subject) : J am anxious to hear, for I listen to youe, studeo audire, nam te ausculto lubens, PL: Cic 2. llbeuter: Cic.: Caes.: v. GLADLY. 3. alacrlter: A mm. Cheerfulness: 1. alacrltas (liveliness, briskness): Cic.: Liv. 2. hll-aritas: I liave lost for ever that c, with which we used to temper the sadness of Hie present times, h. illam qua hanc tristitiam temporum condiebamus, in perpetaum amisi, Cic. cheerless : illaetabllis, e : the c shore, 11, ora, Virg.: Sen.: v. SAD.

C H E S S

cheese: 1. casgus: Cic .• Caes. • to press c, c premere, Virg.: to make c, c. facere, Varr.: to mould cs, c figurare, Plin.: a small c, caseblus, Virg. 2. pressum lac: Virg. cheese-cake: savuium.- Cato. cheesemonger: caseorum venditor. cheesepress: torcuium casgarium. cheesy: casgatus: Apul. Chemical: chemlcus: Leibn. chemise: induslum: Varr.: a c-

malcer, indusl&rius: PI. chemist: 1. "chemicus: M.L.

2. "pgritus chemiae: v. CHEMISTRY. 3. = sella- of drugs, pharmaco

peia, m.: Cic. chemistry: "chemia or chymia:

Leibn. cheque: 1. perscriptlo: Cic. (cf.

Phr.). 2. delegatio : to pay by a ft, delegatione et verbis solutionem per-ficere, Sen. Phr.: I wrote cs for my creditors, argentum perscripsi illis quibus debui, Ter.: Cic. chequer: I. L i t: to mark or

arrange like a chess-board: 1. quin-cunciali ordtae distinguere, disponere: v. Plin. 17, 11, 15: cf. CHEQUER-WISE.

2. (in less exact sense): vario, 1: to ft the disk (of the sun) with spots, maculis v. orbem, Virg. ||, Fig.: to vary.- 1, misceo, 2: to c. weddings with mourning, luctu m. hymenaeos, Virg.: v. T O MINGLE, CONFUSE. 2.

vario, 1: v. T O A L T E R N A T E . (The verb chiefly occurs in p. part, chequered • used as adj.: q. v.) chequered: I. L i t : cf. T O

C H E Q U E R (L): 1, in quincuncem s.

quincuuciali ordlne distinctus: v. 0UEQUER-WI3E. 2. (in lesB exact sense): vBrius: ft stones (of pavements wrought with mosaic, etc.), v. lapides, Hor.: cornice : sides c. with the lash, latera loris v, PL: v. VARIEGATED.

||. Fig.: vSrius : ft fortune, v. fortuna, Cic.: with ft success, varia victoria, Sail.: Liv. chequer-wise: in quincuncem (i. e.

as the points were arranged to denote five unciae, '.-'.): to arrange c, in q. dirigere, Cic.; in q. disponere. Col.: a c. arrangement, quincuncialis ordo, Plin. chequer-work: v. MOSAIC, TESSE-

LATED.

cherish: To treat tenderly or considerately: 1, fSveo, fovi, fg-tum, 2: hens c. tlieir young ones with tlieir wings, gallinae pullos pennis f, Cic: they c.'d my enemy, mimicum meum fovebant, Cic. Fig.: toft talents and the arts, ingenia et artes f. Suet.: to c. hope, spem 1, Mart: Ov.

2. eglo, ui, cultam, 3 (less strong and expressive than foveo) : Jupiter cs and nourishes mankind, Jupiter genus c alitque hominum, PI.: y. T O FOSTER. Fig.: to c Hie love of virginity, vir-ginitatis amorem c, Virg. 3. am-plector, plexus, 3 (fig.: lit. to embrace): to ft virtue, virtutem am, Cic Phr.: to ft animosities with anyone, inimicitias cum aliquo gerere: to e. remote hopes, spem inchoare longam, Hor.: v. T O ENTERTAIN.

cherisher: 1. fautor: Cic : Hor. 2, cultor: Cic: Liv.: Ov. (Or

more usu. expr. by means of verb: v. preceding art.) cherry: 1. cSrasum: Cels. 2.

cgrasns, i, /.: Prop.: Plin.: a ft stone, 5s cerasi, PaU. cherry-tree: cgrasna, i,/..- Pim.: Ov.: a dwarf c, chamaecgrasus, i, /.: Plin. cherub: chgrub, pi. chgiriibim: Hier. chervil: 1. anthriscus, i, /., or anthriscum: PUn. 2. caergfclluin: Plin. Chess: "scaccl, orum: to play at ft, scaccos (scaccis) ludere, Matthew of Westm.: but the word is of course barbarous, being derived from the Persian word for king, S H A H : and except where absolute precision is required, the general term latruncnli (prop, little soldiers or " men ") may be preferable: 119

C H E S T C H I L D C H I M E R A

a c-board, scaccarium: M.L. (or simply tabulae): a collection of works on c, bibliotheca scaccaria: M.L.

chest: I. Por keeping things in: area, armarium, clsta, etc,: v. B O X . Phr.: the military c, aerarlum mlli-tare, Tac.: v. T R E A S U R Y . ||. The

cavity in the body containing the heart and lungs: 1, thorax, acis, m.: Plin.: Cels. 2. praecordla, orum : the diaphragm separates the c. from the belly, transversum septum a praecordiis uterum dlducit, Cels,: v. also RREAST, BOSOM.

chestnut: 1. castanga: Virg.: Plin. 2. g'ans, glandls, /. : Cic.: Virg. chestnut-tree: castanga: Col.:

Plin.: o grove of c-trees, castanetam, Col. chestnut-colored: badlus: Varr. chevaux-de-frise: 1. cervi,

orum: Caes. B. G. 7, 72: Liv. 2. ericlus: Caes. B. C. 3, 67. chevalier: gques: v. K N I G H T . c h e w : 1. mando, di, mansum, 3 :

the food is c.'d by the teeth, and by them is masticated and ground, dentibus manditur, atque ab his extenuatur et molitur elbus, Cic.: some animals swallow their food whole, others ft, animalia alia vorant, alia m , Cic.: asses c very slowly, asini lentissime m , Plin.: Vlrg. 2, manduco, 1 (less frequent): Varr.: Sen. Phr.: to c. Hie cud, riim-Ino, 1: v. TO RUMINATE.

chicane (subs.) : caiumnia (i. e. ma-licious accusation or use qf Hie law: malicious craft: Gr. ovKoibavria): a kind qf ft, and excessively ingenious but 'malicious interpretation of law, c quaedam et nimis callida sed malitiosa Juris interpretetio, Cic Off. 1, 10, 33 : to usee, c adbibere, Cic. (N.B.—The verb calumnior appears to be used only in its more proper sense of to accuse maliciously. The term praevaricatio is applicable only to the kind of c which consists ta collusion on the part of an accuser.) v. C R A F T , ARTIFICE.

Chicane (v) : calumniam adhibere: v. subs. chicaner: cf. C H I C A N E (subs). N.B.

Calumniator and praevaricator appear to be used only ta special sense: the former, a malicious accuser; the latter, a dishonest, collusive accuser. chicanery: y. CHICANE.

chick, chicken : puiius; Cic.: Hor.: more precisely, pullus gallina-ceus, Liv. Also used as a term of endearment : PL: Hor.: Suet. chicken-pox: "variceUa: M.L. chickling-vetch: (?) cicgra, c&gr-

ula, CoL : v. V E T C H .

chick-pea: clcgr, gris, n.: Hor.: Plin. chick-weed: (?) aising, es,/..- pirn, chicory: clchgrium intubum: Plin. chide: 1. incrgplto, r .- having

added, chiding (of Romulus slaying Remus), quum verbis quoque increpitans adjecisset, Liv.: cing the late summer and loitering zephyrs, aestatem increpitans seram, Zephyrosque morantes, Virg.: v. T O REBUKE, RAIL AT. 2.

nbjurgo, 1 (usu. to reproach, rate: q.v.): friends must often be warned and chidden, monendi amici saepe sunt et objur-gandi, Cic: Caesar c.d my modesty, Caesar m c a m verecundiam objurgavit, Cic. 2. corriplo, rlpui, reptam, 3 (to c. sharply): to c. anyone's timidity, alicujus timiditatem c. Suet.: Ov.: v. T O UPBRAID, BLAME. chider (rare) : objurgator: Cic. Chiding (adj.): objurgatorlus: a c.

letter, ob. epistola, Cic. Chiding (sufts.): objurgatio : v. RE-

PBOOF. Chief (adj.) : 1, primus (of that

which takes the precedence: only to be used when the context excludes ambiguity : v. FIRST) : unquestionably the c. man in his borough, sui municipii facile primus, Cic.: esp. in poet.: the c. of the i/oung men, juvenum primi, Virg.: v. PRINCIPAL. 2, princeps, Ipis, (=pri-120

mus) : the ft men in the state, In repubUca principes, Cic.: the c place in an embassy, legationls p. locus, Caes. (N.B. — T h e above words are often used substantively, both in sing, and pi.: v. examples.) 3. primarlus (first in rank; first rate: q. v.): the cman in a state, p. vir populi, Cic 4. praecl-ptius (esp. of things rather than persons ; though not solely): v. PRINCIPAL.

5, prlmoris, e: in this sense rare except as subs.: v. C H I E F (subs.). 6, (Only when chief= greatest): maxim us, summus: v. G R E A T . Phr.: the, ft good, s u m m u m bonum, Cic.: the c. (ultimate) cause, ultima causa, Hor.: Hie c. dish at a supper, caput eoenae, Cic: the ft element of a happy life is freedom from care, caput est ad beate vlvendum secur-itas, Cic: to confer the chief command of a war upon anyone, ad aliquem totius belli s u m m a m deferre, Caes. (v. T O A P POINT, 5, 6) : to him the ft civil and mi

litary authority was entrusted, ei principalis atque imperium est traditum, Caes. : V. FOREMOST, PRINCIPAL. chief (subs.): 1, princeps, Ipis :

the c. of Hie senate (lawful title of the foremost senator), p. senatus, Liv.: Zeno was the founder and c qf the Stoics, Zeno Inventor et p. Stoicorum fuit, Cic.: the e, of a conspiracy, p. conjuration's, Cic.: the cs of states, principes civita-tum, Caes. 2. prScer, gris (esp. of the ruling class ; the great; aristocracy : usu. lnpl.): c.s destroy Pergam-um, scindunt proceres Pergamum, PL: / am reckoned among the cs of the state, ego proceribus civitatis annumeror, Tac.: Cic.: Virg. 3. primoris (strictly an adj. : but chiefly used In pi. as subs. = proceres) : Hie c.s of the people, pri-mores populi, Hor.: Juv. (also prhnores viri, Cat). 4, caput, Itis, re. (lit. head: hence leader, ringleader: q. v.): the cs of the conspiracy, capita con-jurationis, Liv. g, dux, auctor, etc.: v. LE A D E R , F O U N D E R . N.B.—Chief, as

applied to one holding an office by appointment, may often be expr. by a verb: as, is qui copiis praefectus s. praepositus est; cui delate est summa imperii, etc.: v. T O AP P O I N T . But

praefectus and praepositus are both used substantively: as, c of a deputation, praepositus legatorum, Cic.: v. COMMANDER, CAPTAIN.

Chiefly: 1. praecipue: v. PRINCIPALLY, 2. maxime: v. MOST. 3.

imprimis: v. ESPECIALLY. (N.B.—Not potissimum; which signifies not degree, but absolute preference. Thus, quo potissimum accedam, is, "where of all places shall I choose to go to;" not " where chiefly.")

Chieftain: dux: Tac. Ger. 7. In pi, prdceres, piimsres : v. C H I E F (subs.)

chilblain: 1. pernio, onis, m.: Plin. 2. pernluncttlus (a small c.) .-Plin. 26, 11, 66. ' child.' 1, puer, eri (as the corre

lative to adult: when sex is not specified) : infant children's cradles, infan-tium puerorum incunabula, Cic.: to be ignorant of what happened before you were born is to be always a c, nescire quid antea quam natus sis accident, id est semper esse puerum, Cic..- Hor.

2. infans, ntis, ft : prop, only of children as yet unable to speak (v. I N F A N T ) : but also sometimes used, esp. in later Latin, of young children generally: infans puer novem annorum: Inscr. ap. ForceU. s.v. 3. fllius, a male c; fIlia, a female c.: with reference to the parents; and of course only capable of being used when the sex is known: v. BOY, GIRL. 4. In pi. only: llbgri, orum (as the correlative to parents) : parents with their c, parentes cum libe-rls, Caes.: to beget ft, liberos procreare, Cic: he had c by the daughter of C Fabius, is ex C. Fabii filia liberos ha-buit, Cic: dear c, dulces liberi, Hor.

g. nati, orum (like liberi, but chiefly in poets): tlie affection which exists between c. and parents, carltos quae est inter natos et parentes, Cre.:

the mothers tremblingly pressed their c to their breasts, trepide matrcs pressere ad pectora natos, Virg. Phr.: the woman was unth c, mulier erat gravida Cic. (v. P R E G N A N T ) : to get with c,gra-vjdam facere, Ter.; praegnantem facere Juv.: to be with c, partum ferre, Plin '•• V. OFFSPRING, INFANT, etc,

childbearing: partus, us.- Cic: v CHILDBIRTH.

Childbed: piierpgrlum: nearest term: v. CHILDBIRTH. P h r.: a woman in c, puerpgra, Cat.: Plin.: to die in c "interpartum, inter partus (uteri) dolores exstingui. childbirth: 1. puerpgrium: the

perils of c, perieula puerperif, Pfln,-protracted c, diutinum p, Gell. % partus, us: after c, ex or a parte, Cels!

3. Lficlna (only poet.): tlielabwrs o/c, Lucinae labores, Virg.; Ov, Phr.: charms that facilitate c, verba puerperal Ov.: the pains of c, utero exorti dolores, PL

childhood: 1. pfierltta:/rau-., a pueritia, Cic: Sail.: Tac. % jn. fantia (prop, infancy; but extended so as to comprehend about the first seven years of life: v. CHILD, 2): so much as is snatched from ft is gained for youth, quantum infantiae praesuroptum est,' adolescentiae acquiritar, Quint. g[ Expr. by circuml.: as, puerilis aetas . puerile tempus, pueriles anni: v. CHILD-ISII. Phr.: from c, a puero, or (in speaking of more than one person), a pueris, Cic; a teneris unguiculis (a Greek idiom), Cic; de tenero ungui, Hor.; a tenero, Quint; in teneris, Vlrg.; -a primo tempore aetatis, Cic.; a parvo, Liv.; aparvulo, Ter.; ab infante, Col.; prima ab infantia, Tac. childish: |. Pertaining to a

child: pugrilis, e: a ft appearance, p. species, Cic: c. age, p. aetas, Cic:(to, amusement, p. delectatio, Cic: c. diseases, p. morbi, Cels. ||, PuerHe,swy>;

i, pugrilis, e: a c. opinion, p. sententia, Ter.: a c, plan, p. consilium, Cic. 2, infans, ntis: all those thkigs were c, ilia omnia fuere infantia, Cic. Phr.: a c. person, homo bulla dignus, Juv. childishly: pucriliter: PL: Cic. childishness '• puSriutas; Sen. • childless: orbus (of one who once

had children: bereft): a ft old man, orbus senex, Cic: the c. woman sat down among her lifeless sons and daughters, orba resedit examines inter natos natasque, Ov. P h r.: to be c, esse sine liberis, Gai.; nullos habere liberos, Cic. childlike: puerilis, e: ft simpUdty.

p. simplicitas, Liv. (? infans: Hor. S. I, 6, 57, infans pudor).

chill (subs): |. Slight cold: fri-gusculum: Tert. (or perh. better, ali-quantulum, nonnihil frigoris: v. COLD). Phr.: water with the c off, aqua ege-llda, Cels. ||. The cold fit that pre- :, cedes fever, etc.: horror: Cic: Cels.

Chill (adj.): frigidiUus: Virg. (Carm. min.): v. COLD. TO grow ft, frigescere: Lucr.

Chill (v.) : rgfriggro, 1: Cic: Plin.: v. T O COOL.

chilliness: v. COLDNESS. Phr.:

there is a c. in the air, "nonnihil frigoris spirant aurae; frigescit aer. chilling ' (adj.).- algiflcus (rare):

Gell. (May usu. be expr. with sufficient nearness by frlgldns, ggUdus: v. COLD, ICY.)

chilly, L e. very susceptible cf ccU'-alslosus: Varr.: PUn.

chime (subs).- |. Earmmy: con-centus, us: v. CONCERT. ||, Inj>'-: tunes played by a set of bells: "campanarum cantus. Chime (a): ). To sound: used oi

the tunes played by a set of bells: cSno, cgclni, cantum, 3 : v. T O SOUND. ||. 'To chime in-.-i. e. to say something accordant with what was already said, succlno, 3 : he calls aloud, give-mefooi: another cs in, and to me too, clamat, *• tam date; succinic alter, et mihi, Hor. chimera (a creature of imagine-

C H I M E R I C A L

tim; usu. of what is fearful or disagreeable) : commentum : Cic.: Ov.: v. FICTION. Perhaps better portentum com-mcntidum : v. IMAGINARY ; THANTOM.

chimerical: vanus, commentlcius: V. EMPTY, IMAGINARY. < chimney: I. - fire-place (obso

lete except in the compounds c-cornei; c.-piece): camlnus: Cic: Hor. ||, A passage for the conveyance qf smoke (which was not constructed in Roman buildings): "ductus cr can alls fumarius (fumi): M.L. chimney-corner: focus: v. HEARTH. chimney-piece: "opus ligneum

marmoreumve camino appositum. chimney-sweeper: "qui ductus s.

canales fumarlos deterget chimpanzee: (') satyrus: PUn. 7,

2, 2 (med). chin: mentum : Cic.: Plin. china (adj.): murrblnus or mun-gus

(lt seems highly probable that by this term was denoted our "china:" v. Diet. Ant p. 769 ft.): a ft ladle, murrhina truUa, Plin.: c. cups, murrea pocula, Prop, (who with the looseness of poetical allusion, ascribes their manufacture to the Parthians: 4 (;), 5, 26): v. POR

CELAIN.

china (subs): 1, murrha (the substance): Mart. 2. murrhina, orum (the articles made from it): v. preceding art. Chine: tergum: a c. of beef, t. bovis,

Vlrg. Chink (subs): \, A fissure: rima:

a nairow c, r. angusta, Hor.: to stop up cs, r. explere, Cic. Phr.: to gape open in cs, fatiscere, Virg. (also, rimls fatis-cere, Virg.): v. FISSURE, CLEFT. ||,

A sound, as cf money rattled: tinnitus, US : V. TINKLING. chink ("•): tinnio, 4: v. T O JINGLE. chinky: rlmosus: v. LEAKY. chintz: "textilia xyllna variis color-

lbus impressa or signata. chip (subs.): 1. assfila (applied to

cs either of wood or qf stone): cs cut away by the axe, a. quae sunt securibus excussae, Tert: cs of marble, caementa marmorea sive a. dicuntur, Vitr.: PL

2. 6egmen, Inis, re..- v. PARINGS. 3. scbldlae, arum (Gr. crxioia): cs

ofpineviood, taedae s., Vitr. 4. cae-mentum (of cs qf stone): Vitr. (1. 0. supr). Prov. phr.: a c. of the old block, "puer parenti simllis. chip (v.): assulas (Ugno, Iapidi) se

curi excutere, dejlcere: v. CHIP (subs.); and TO H E W . chirp (»•)•• 1. piplo, 4: the

chickens ft, puUl p. Col. 2. plpllo, 1: the sparrow used to c continually to its mistress alone, passer ad solam do-minam usque pipllabat, Cat. 3. stri-deo, dl, 2 (not of birds): the cricket cs, gryllus s, Plin. chirp, chirping (subs): pipatns,

us: the ft qf young birds, p. pullorum, Varr. chirping (adj.): \, argutus: ft

grasshoppers, ar. dcadae, Mart 2. garrfilus (prop, chattering) : ac.grasshopper, g. cicada, Phaedr. Chisel (subs.) -. 1, scalpram (appy.

the nearest to the English, but used for a greater variety of purposes than our chisel): a mason's (or carpenter's) ft, fabrile s, Ltv. 2. caelum: used by the engraver: v. GRAVER.

Chisel (v): scalpro caedere: v. T O CARVE, CUT.

chitterlings: lactes, Ium, /.: PL: PUn. Chivalrous: perh. magn&nlmus:

Virg.j v. BRAVE. chivalrousness : magnas, celsus,

erectus animus; v. COURAGE. Chivalry: I. Knighthood: eques-

tris dignitas, Nep. ||, The body of knights: ordo equestris, Cic. Chive: caepa: v. ONION. Chlorate: "cbloras, atis, m.: M. L. Chloride: "chlorurgtum: M. L. Chlorine: "chlorina, /, or chlorum, 11.: M. L. Chocolate: "chocolatum : M. L.

C H O O S E

choice (subs): |. The act or power cf choosing: 1. expr. by part. of verb: as, careful in Hie c of words, cautus ta verbis deligendis: to malce a ft, deligere, eligere, etc.: v. T O CHOOSE.

2. delectus, us (esp. when care and judgment are Implied): not to be guided to a judgment by any c cr wisdom, non d. aliquo aut sapientia duel ad judican-dum, Cic.: to exercise c. about anything, in aliqua re d. habere, ad aliquam rem d. adhibere, Cic 3. glectio (=:delec-tus; but less freq.).- the ft 0/ words, e. verborum, Cic.: Veil. 4. optio (only of the»power of choosing): the c is yours, op. tua est, PL: to give anyone a c, alicui op. dare, potestatem o.que alicui facere ut ellgat, Cic ||. The thing chosen: expr. by verb : as, to live content with Hie lot which is our ft, quam slbl sortem ratio dederit, ilia contentum vivere, Hor.; vitae electione propria contentum esse, cf. Tac Ann. 6, 22: that nook is my c before all others, ilie terrarum mihi praeter omnes angulus ridet, Hor.: quick in wearying of its ft, (of youth), amato relinquere pernix, Hor. choice (adj): I. Well-chosen,

superior in quality: 1, lectus: PL: c. viords, 1. verba, Cic. 2. electus : c. words, e. verba, Cic: Hie choicest men of the state, viri electissimi civitatis, Cic. 3. exqulsltus (searchedfor with care): c. viands, e. epulae, PUn.: v. EXQUISITE, FAR-FETCHED. 4. COn-qulsltas (of things brought together): the tables were heaped with the choicest viands, mensae conquisitissimis epulis exstruebantur, Cic.: Quint.: v. EXCELLENT. U. Selecting with care; Phr.: lie is very c. in his company, homo est paucorum hominum, Ter.: Hor.: c. and careful in the setting of his words, in verbis tenuis cautusque serendis, Hor. A. P. 46: v. CAREFUL. choicely: exqulsltg: Quint choiceness: v. EXCELLENCE, SUPE

RIORITY. Phr.: remarkable foi' Hie c.

of his words, "propter verborum delec-tum lnslgnis: v. CHOICE.

choir: \, A band of singers: chorus canentium: the leader of a ft, ma-glster chori canentium, Col.: (or simply chorus, where the context helps to fix the precise meaning). ||. A part of a church: apsis or absis, Idis,/.: Isid. choke: A. Trans.: \. To stop

respiration: 1. strangulo, i: cd by a pear, piro strangulatos, Suet.: Cels. Meton.: ivy cs trees, hedera arbores s, Plin.: to c. crops, sate s. Quint. 2. sufloco, I: too thick saliva cs him, eum crassior saliva s. Sen. Meton.: toea vine, i. e. impede its growth, vitem s. Quint ||, To block up, obstruct: q.v.

B. Intrans.: expr. by the passive forms of the above verbs. choler: I. BUe: q. v. ||, An-

ger: stgmaehus, Ira: v. ANGER.

choleric: iracundus, cgrebrosus: Cic: Hor.: v. PASSIONATE, IRASCIBLE.

choose: A. Trans.: |. To select: 1, lggo, legi, lectum, 3: toe jurymen, judices 1, Cic: to c. men for war, viros ad bella 1, Ov. But the comps. are more frequent 2, dgllgo, 3 : to c. a place for a camp, locum castris d, Caes.: to c. a sliarer of one's military authority, socium sibi imperii d, Liv. 3, eligo, 3 0aymS5 stress on the selection from amongst others): of erils to ft the least, ex malls minimum e, Cfc: I chose you two as my chief friends, vos duos elegi quos praecipue colerem, Cic. 4, opto, 1 (esp. In poets): to c. leaders, duces op., Virg. -.toc.a spot for a kingdom, op. locum regno, Virg.: let him c which qf the two heprefers, optet utrum malit, Cic. g. caplo, cgpi, captom, 3 (only when the context fixes the sense): I c you as my patron, te mihi patronum caplo, Ter.: v. T O TAKE.

||, To select for an office: lggo, deKgo, ellgo; creo, coopto, etc.: v. T O ELECT, APPOINT, B. Intrans.: to be (more) willing (q. v.): mSlo: v. TO PREFER.

C H R O N I C L I

Chop (v) : |, T r a n s.: of cutting: dglo; dglabra s. ascia caedo: v. T O H E W .

||, intrans.: of the wind: ta change suddenly: "repente se vertere, convertere: v. T O V E E R ROUND. ||[,

ObsOl. TO BUY, CHAFFER : q. V. in pieces or up: minute, minu-

tatim concido: v. T O C U T IN PIECES; and foil, art

oif: 1. detrunco, 1: esp. of the head, d. caput, Ov.: to c. off tlie wing of a queen bee, regi apurn alam d,Plin.

2, dedglo, 1: toft up small, assu-latim d, PL : v. T O H E W . 3. abscido, praecido (to cut off the extremity) : v. TO CUT OFF. chop (subs.) : i. e. a piece of meat: 1. Sl'ella: Mart. 2. offa: apork

c, offa porctaa, Paul. ap. Fest chop-house: pOplna (cook-shop) •

caupona (inn). chopper: (a butcher's implement):

dglabra: Dig. choral: symphoniacus: c arts, artes

s, Arnob. (Or expr. by chori, ad Chorum pertinens, etc.: v. CHOIR.) chord: I. A string (musical):

chorda, nervus; in pi. fides, ium: v. STRING. ||, Mus. 1.1.; certain tones combined according to the laws-of harmony: consgnantia (?) : v. HA R M O N Y .

ID, In geometry: basis, is, / : the c. of an arc, b. arcus, Col. chorister: 1. symphoniacus ho

mo or servus: cf. Cic. Mil. 21, 5;. 2. unus e canentium choro: canentium choro ascriptus, etc.: v. CHOIR. chorographer: chorggraphus: Vitr. chorography; chorographla: Vitr. choroid (adj.): "chgrgideus: Hie c.

membrane, membrana c, M. L. Chorus: I. A band of singers or

dancers : chgrus (Greek term) : Cic.: Virg. Phr.: the place viliere the c. was trained, chgragium, Vitr.: Hie superintendent of a c, chgragus, PL |j. A piece of cliordl music: symphonia, con-centos: V. CONCERT, HARMONY. Phi'.: to join in c, conclno, 3 : v. T O SING TOGETHER.

Chough: "corvus garrulus: Linn. Christ: Chrlstus; Tac.: Plin. Ep. christen: v. T O BAPTIZE.

Christendom: orbis terrarumChris-tianus; cuncti Christiani, etc. christian: I. As adj.: Christla-

nus: a C. sacrament, C. sacramentum, Tert: the C. religion, religio C, Tert. Phr.: the C. churcli, Christi ecclesia, Tert: a C. name, "praenomen, or nomen in baptismo inditum. ||, As subs.: Christianus : Tac.: Plin. Christianity-' 1. Christiana reli

gio : Tert. 2. Christiana disciplina: Tert. 3. Christlanismus: Tert, Phr.: to profess C, christianizare, Tert. (but better expr. by fidem Christianam or Christi profiteri, sequi). christianize: ex ethnicisChristianos

facere, Tert christianly: Christlane: Aug. Christmas: "festum nativitatls

Christi; sacrum Christi natalis anniver-sarlum; sollemnia Christi natalitia (from Kr.). Phr.: to lceep C, festum nativitatls Chr. celebrare: a merry C, vero festi dies apud sollemnia Chr. nat: C.-eve, dies proximus ante festum, etc. Christmas-day: "Christi dies na

talis. Christmas-carol: "canticum de die

Christi natali. Christ's-thorn (a plant): (?) paiin-

rus: Vlrg. chromatic (musical t. t): chroma-

tlcus: Vitr. Phr.: thee scale, chroma, atis, re.: Vitr.: the science qf cs, chi'6-matlce: Vitr. chrome: chromium : M. L. chronic: chrgnleus: c. diseases, c.

morbi, Coel. Aur. (the title of a work on them). The same notion may be less exactly and technically expr. by longus, diuturnus, tardus: v. PROTRACTED, SLOW. Phr.: Tie is,,suffering from a c. want of money, "ex'solita pecuniae lno-pia laborat: v. WO N T E D . Chronicle (subs); esp. in pi: dirt-121

C H R O N I C L E C I R C U I T

nlci libri: GelL; also, chronica, orum; Plin.: v. also A N N A L S .

chronicle (*»•).: "online temporum servato referre; in annates referre: v. TO RELATE, RECORD,

chronicler: 1. annaliumscriptor. 2, chronographus: Sidon.

chronologer, chronologist: tem porum ratioms pgritus or studlosus.

chronological: Phr.: to see everything at a glance arranged in c order, explicatis ordinibus temporum, uno in conspectu omnia videre, Cic. Brut. 4,15: presei-ving c. order, conservatis nota-tisque temporibus, Cic.; servato temporis ordlne, Plin. Ep.: by a c error,chronico-rum errore, Plin,: to depart from c. order, perturbare aetatum (temporum) ordinem, Cic. Chronologically : 1. e. in chronolo

gical order: v. preceding art. chronology: 1. aetatum (tempor

um) ordo; rerum gestarum et memoriae veteris ordo, Cic. 2. ratio temporum: ft refutes Pliny, Plinium arguit r. temporum, Suet. Cal. 8. Phr.: fl reform in c, emendatio temporum,' Scalig. (Comp. CHRONOLOGICAL.)

Chronometer: "chrSngmetruni: M.L. chrysalis: chrysallis-, Idis,/.: Plin. chrysoberyl: chrysbberyllus: Plin. Chrysocolla: chrysgcolla: Plin. chrysolite: chrysgnthus, i, m. and

/.: Pita. chrysoprase •• chrysoprasus: pim. Chub: "Leuciscus cephalus: Fleming. Chubby: habitus, pinguis: v.PLUMP,

STOUT. Phr.: Cupid's ft cheek, Cu-pidinis buccula, Apul. chuck: v. CLUCK.

chuckle (v) •' pressa voce et quasi singultim cachinnare (?): v. T O LAUGH. chump: stipes, Itis, rei.: v. STUMP. church: I. Tlie whole body of

Christians, or some particular subdivision of them, especially in reference to their belief and discipline: also, the recognized autliorities in the church: ecdesia: the c. of Christ, ec. Christi, Cypr.: the unity of the Catholic ft, catholicae e. unites, Cypr.: Hie true and only baptism of the c, verum et unicum ecclesiae baptismum, Cypr.: he who lias not been ordained in the ft, care ire no wise have or hold a c (as its pastor), habere aut tenere ecclesiam nullo modo potest, qui ordiuatus in ec-clesia non est, Cypr. |j. The building:

1. ecclesia (but not in the earliest period): Amm.: Cypr. 2. basilica (esp. of larger cs) : Sulp. Sev. (The terms templum, aedes, sacellum are also used of places of Christian worship: v. TEMPLE, CHAPEL.)

church : (adj.): eccleslastlcus: v. ECCLESIASTICAL.

Church-rates: "vectigal aedis sacrae conservandae causa impositum. church-wardens: "duumviri rebus

paroeciae ecclesiasticis curandis. church-yard (the space around a

church) : arga: Tert.: v. C E M E T E R Y . Churl: homo lnhumanus: Ter.: Cic.:

v. B O O R ; and foil. art.

churlish: 1, lnhumanus: old men neither ill-tempered nor c, nee difficiles, nee in. senes, Cic: Ter. 2. impor-tunus: a c. and disagreeable wife, uxor im. atque incommoda, PL: a c old man, senex im, Ter. (lnhumanus implies absence of kindly feeling: impor-tunus positive churlishness.) 3. agrestis, e: v. BOORISH. Churlishly: 1. Inhum&nlter: Cic.: v. UN C O U R T E O U S L Y . 2. ilUbgrallter: v. UNG E N E R O U S L Y . 3, importune: usu. — improperly, unseasonably: q.v. Churlishness j 1. mhumanltas: Cic. 2, toiportanitas: Cic (For the distinction, cf. churlish. The two are combined by Cic.: " importunitas autem atque inhumanites omni aetati molesta est," de Sen. 3.) 3. mores inhumani, dUndles, illiberales, etc: v. CHURLISH. C h u m (subs.): vas ad butyrum faciendum ; cf. Plin. N. H. 28, 9, j;; where a description of a kind of churn is given. 122

churn («"•).* butyrum lacte jactendo s. agltando facere: cf. Plin. ut supr. Chyle: "chylus: M . L. c h y m e : cbymus: Seren. Sam. (al

chylus). cicatrix: cicatrix: v. SCAR. cicatrize: I. Trans.; Phr.: a

medicinal application which cs, medica-mentum cicatricem inducens, Cels.: the wound is c'd, vulneri cicatrix inducitur, Cels.: to c a wound, plagam ad cicatricem perducere, Cels. ||, Intrans.: Phr.; the wound is beginning to ft, ad cicatricem vulnus intendit, Cels.: the wound c.s, ad cicatricem plaga per-venit, Cels. cicerone: dux -. v. GUIDE.

cider: by^lrgmglum: Isid.: vinum ex malis factum : Col. cimetar: aclnices, is, m.: Hor.:

Curt. cincture: cinctus, us: v. BELT,

GIRDLE.

cinder: clnis, favilla, earbo: v. ASHES, CHARCOAL.

cinnabar : minium: Prop.: Plin. Ph r.: a c.-mine, miniarium metallum; miniarium; or miniaria, PUn. cinnamon: cinn&msmum or cin-

namum: PL: Plin. Phr.: c-ointment, unguentum cinnamonlnum, Plin. cinquefoil: 1- pentapgtes, is, re.:

Plin. 2. quinqugfollum: Cels.: PUn. cipher: I. The arithmetical sign

qf nonentity: "note arithmetica omnem numerum abesse signiflcans. Fig.: ntlmgrus: we are cs, and born to consume what others produce, nos numerus sumus, et fruges consumere nati, Hor.: mere c.s, homines nihili, PL : Varr.

||, A secret manner of writing: 1, ngta: to write in ft, per notas

scribere, Suet, (or simply, notare, Quint.: Suet.). 2. scribendi latebra; GelL

3. scriptum furtlvum : Gell. circle (subs).- \, A geometrical

figure, or what is arranged in such a figure: 1, circulus : the outer c. qf the walls, c muri exterior, Liv.: the stars complete their c.s and orbits, stellae c suos orbesque conficiunt, Cic: Hie arctic c, c. septentrionalis, Varr.: Sen.

2, orbis, is, m. (the most usu. word to denote anything round): to twirl a sling in a c, fundum ta orbem torquere, Cic.: to ride in a c, equitare in orbem, Ov.: the c. qf a wheel, o. rotae, Ov.: the soldiers arranged themselves in a c, milites in orbem constiterunt, Caes. Dimin.: orblculus, a small c.; esp. of wheels: Cato: Plin. 3. gyrus (esp. of the wheeling, circular movements made by animals: v. T O W H E E L R O U N D ) : bees

perform cs in their flight, apes volato gyros edunt, Plin.: so, gyros trahere, Virg.; g. ducere, Ov. Fig.: v. COMPASS. Phr.: the common people standing in a c, vulgi stante corona, Ov.: lie drew a c. round Mm as he stood, with a stick, virgula stantem circumscripsit, Cic. Phil. 8, 8, 23 (but of course an exact circle is not meant): to describe a c, circinationem circuli describere, Vitr.; ducere rotmidam circinationem, Vitr.

|J, Compass, circuit (q. v.). ijj. A group of persons: 1, clrctUus: vl GR O U P . 2. corona: Cic: Liv.: Ov.

Phr.: in the family c, domi; una cum suis: v. A T H O M E : I find my only pleasure in the family c, private modo et domestica nos delectant, Cic. Att. 4,16, 6: to have a wide 0. of friends, in magna celebritate amicorum vivere, versari, cf. Cic. Off. 3, 1, 3. |yt In argument: Phr.: to argue in a c, "quasi gyro quodam in argumentondo uti; vitio quodam argumentandi quae sumpta sunt pro argnmentis adhibere: (not eodem revolvi, as given by Kraft, etc, which means to come or amount to the same thing). circle (»•) •• v. T O ENCIRCLE. circlet: circulus (parvus): v. CIRCLE. circuit: I. Movement round: X. circultus, us: a long c, longus c, Virg. • to march cm army by a c. of 40 miles, millium X L circuitu exercitum ducere! Caes. (v. CIRCUITOUS). 2. circttlus

C I R C U M L O C U T I O N

(sometimes in combination with orbis)-the stars perform their cs with icon. derful swiftness, stellae c suos orbesque conficiunt mirabili celeritate, Cic: v CIRCLE. Phr.: to make a c, circumlre (with ace), circumagi, obire; v, TO G O R O U N D ; TRAVERSE. U, The pe

riodical journey of judges etc: Phr.: to go on c, ad conventus agendos cii-cumire, based on Caes.: Cic: v. ASSIZES-or perhaps, *juri dicundo conventus obire. circuitous: flexuosus: acpassage,

iter f, Ctc: Val. Max. More usu. expr. by a prep, in composition; os, to seek glory by a c. course, circuitu gloriam petere, Curt. (cf. CIRCUIT, I.): to talce a c.route, circumagi, Hor.: to make one's way out by c. paths, per anfractus egredl, Petr.: a c. mode of expression, cireultio, ambages : -Ter.: Cic.: v. cntcumo-CUTION.

Circular (adj.): rgtnndus: v. ROUND. More precisely, rotundus ut circino cir-cumactus (ciroumductus), cf. Caes. B.G. 1, 38. (Circularis is not found in any good author.) Phr.: a c figure or course, orbis (v. CIRCLE) : e. leaves, folia circinatae rotundltatis, Plin. (but the adj,is rare). . circular (subs.): Iiterae circum(op-pida, cives, etc) missae, dimissae: cf. Suet Ner. 47. circularly: 1. in orbem (with

ferri, agi, etc.): cf. CIRCLE. 2. eir-culatim: Coel. Aur. 3, orblculatim: Plin. circulate: I. Intrans.: Phr.: >

the blood cs through tlie veins into every part of the body, sanguis per venas in omne corpus diffunditur, Cic,: the sap c.s through the brandies, cibus per raraos diffunditur, Lucr. Fig.: unfavourable i-umours c.d, graves ramores sparsi sunt, Cic: Virg.: lieat es through siker, per-manat calor argentum, Lucr. ||, Trans.: to spread; esp. of reports: spargere in vulgum, Virg.; palam facere : v, TO PUBLISH. circulation: Phr.; tlieioftk

blood, "sanguinis circulatio, M. L.: to be in c. (of books), in manibus esse, Hor.: to go out qf ft, obsolescere: v. OBSOLETE (to become).

circumcise: 1, (ggnltaila) eir-cumcido, cidi, sum, 3: Tac 2. cir-cumsgco, sectum, 1: Suet.

circumcised (part, adj.) -• 1, eir-cumelsus: Vulg. 2. curtus: the c. Jews, c. Judaei, Hor. 3. l'MUtus: Mart.: Petr. 4. verpus (as subs.; a ft person): Juv. (The last three words used scornfully)

circumcision: circumclsio: Lad. circumference: I. In strictgeou.

sense: pgriphgria (Gr. irepubepeui): Ca-pell. (Tu purer Latin extrema cn* natio; extrema circulation's liurea: cf-Vitr. g, 8: linea circumcurrens qnae orbem efficit, Quint) ||. In looser sense: tlie outline of a rounded figure:

1. ambitus, us: Hie ft of a skUU, am. parmae, Plin.: Hie c. of a lake, am. lacus, Suet. 2. cireultio: a c 0} three cubits each, c. teraorum cub'tornm, Vitr. circumflex (accent): 1. circum-

flexus: Donat. 2. inflexus: Capel! (used also by Cic.; but with ref. to tie sound, not the mark). Ph r.: a sylUme with the c. accent, syllaba circumflesa, GelL circumfluent: 1. circumfffius:

the c. water, c humor, Ov.: the c. sea, c mare, PUn. 2. circumfusus (lit poured or pouring itself round): Ov. Circumjacent! clrcurojacens: Tac. (or perh. better, quod circa, circum est. v. A R O U N D ) . circumlocution: 1. circuinw-cuflo: Quint: Gell. 2. periphrasis, is,/.: Quint. 3. ambitus,us: (mil some defining word): to express a mmg by ft, per am. verborum rem motto* Suet.: Liv. 4. circultus, as (Im ambitus, with some defining word): w express anything by ft, per circultus loqui aliquid, Mart.: c.s, circultus vera-

C I R C U M N A V I G A T E CITY C L A I M

jorum, Cic 5. ambages, is,/, (in sing. ,only aU.-; pi. complete: esp. used of .the dark, ambiguous phrase employed Iby oracles: v. AMBIGUITY) : Virg.: Liv. iPhr.: very many things are without ]names, so that they must be expressed \either by figures or by c, res plurimae ,carent appellationibus, ut eas necesse ,'sit transferre aut circumlre, Quint. , circumnavigate: drcumvghor.vec-tUS, 3 : V. TO SAIL ROUND.

i, circumnavigation: pSripius (Gr. ^nepiirhovs): Plin. , circumnavigator: qui orbem terrarum navi circumvectus est. > circumpolar: quod circa polos est: V. AROUND. » circumscribe: 1. flnio, termino: !v. TO BOUND, LIMIT. 2. circumscrlho,

'psi, ptum, 3 (also, to define precisely: q. v.): the orator does not ft or bound Jiis privilege by any limits, (orator) nul-"lis terminis c. aut definit Jus suum, Cic: !rto c fl person's influence (by thwarting lihim), c aliquem, Caes. 3. immlnuo, 'ai, utum, 3: Hie power of the commons was cd, plebis opes immfnutee, Sail.: v. ;TO DIMINISH. 4. (In pass, sense; to 'be cd) consist), stiti, stitum, 3: if the endless labour of the forum were cd as iweU by the decline qf life as by the cur-^riculum of honours, si tafinitos foren-sium rerum labor, decursu honorum, ^! etiam aetatis flexu constitisset, Cic. fPhr.: to c the perturbations of the 'mind, pertarbationes animi contrahere et in angustum deducere, adducere, Cic.: 'to be cd within a narrow compass, in 'exiguum gyrum compulsum esse, Cic.: "to ft oneself, sibi cancellos circuni-dare, Cic. ! circumscribed (adj.).- angustus, ex-'IgUUS: V. NARROW, LIMITED. '• circumspect: circumspectus (not : so used in Cic.): at one time c. and sagacious, at another inconsiderate and rash, modo c et sagax, modo incon-:sultas et praeceps, Suet. Phr,: to fte very ft, diUgenter droumspicere, Cic: iv. CAREFUL.

circumspection: circumspectio: 1 Cic P h r.: to use or practise c, diUgenter, omnia, circumspicere, Cic.: v. CAUTION, PRUDENCE. circumspectly : circumspecte :

Quint.: Gell.: v. CAUTIOUSLY. circumstance: 1. res, gi,/..- by

all which cs the cavalry were panic-struck, quibus omnibus r. equites per-moti sunt, Caes.: to control cs, sibi res subjungere, Hor.: according to c.s, pro re, SaU.: under Hie cs (as mattas are), pro re nato, Cfc Att. 7,14: also, e re nata, Ter. Ad. 3,1, 8. Esp. in pi., a state, condition : easy cs, res secundae, Hor.: Cic. (But it is often sufficient In place of res to use the neuter gender of an adj.: as, adverse,prosperous cs, adversa, prospera: V. ADVERSITr, PROSPERITY.) 2. tempUS, gris, re. (cs collectively): to yield to cs, that is, to submit to necessity, tempori ccdere, id est, necessitoti parere, Cic.: according to cs, pro tempore, Caes.: SaU.: Virg.; ad tempus, Cic : who knows what tlie cs of tliecommonwealth are likely to bet tempora reipublicae qualia Iutura sint, quis scit ? Cic. P h r.: persons in straitened cs, quibus obstat res angusta domi, Juv. (for which Cic has angustiae rei famUiaris) ; to be brought into the most embarrassing cs, In summas angustias adducl, Cic.: Caes. : V. STATE, CONDITION. circumstanced: v. SITUATED.

circumstantial: Phr.: to give a ft account qf a thing, de aliqua re sub-tlliter (scribere), Cic Att. 2, 21, init. (the adj. subtilis refers rather to style; as, distinct, precise): a c. account, "nar-ratio subtiliter atque accurate rebus omnibus scripta s. facta: to res* ore c. evidence, conjecturS contineri, Cic.: c. evidence, perh. "indida quae ex veri simiUtudine pendent; quorum vis non testium flde sed rerum veri simiUtudine consistit; rerum quae in unum locum convenlre atque inter so congruere videntur: cf. Cic S. Am. 22,62.

circumstantially: subtiliter: Cic: v. preced. art. circum vallate: circumvaUo; vallo

(fossaque) cingo, etc.: v. foil. art. circumvallation: "circummiinit'o:

Caes.: in pi. of lines of c.: Auct Bell. Hisp. Mostly in phr, to form lines of c. about a town, oppidum vallo fossaque cingere, circunidare, circumvenire, Cic.; vallo castellisque circummunire, Caes.; circumvallare, Caes.: Liv. (N.B. Not corona aggredi or oppugnare; which signifies simply to attack on all sides; cf. Liv. 37, 5, fin., where corona and operibus are contrasted.) circumvent: 1. circumvgnio, 4

(i. e. to thwart on every hand, to overreach): Cic: Sail. 2. drcumscribo, psi, ptum, 3 (esp. of fraudulent use qf Hie taw): Cic.: v. T O CHEAT. 3. cir-

cumeo oi' circueo, Ivi and Ii, Itum, 4 (less freq.): Ter.: Mart. circumvention: circumscriptio,

fraus, dSias: v. FRAUD, DECEPTION.

Circus : circus: Cic: Liv.: Hor. Adj. appertaining to the ft, circensis: used by Juv. in pi. as subs.: the games qf the ft, circenses (sc. ludi). Cistern: 1. clsterna: Varr.: Plin.

2. lacus, lis: Liv,: Hor. 3, piscina: wooden cs, p. ligneae, Plin. (Cisternae were properly for domestic use ; piscinae and lacus for cattle: cf. Varr. R. R. 1, tr, fin. and Col. 1, 5, init.). 4. casteUum: a public c. or reservoir: q. v. Citadel: arx, arcis, /.: a c. within

the walls, arx intra moenia, Liv.: the c. and Capitol, arx et Capitolium, Cic: Hor.: v. FORTRESS. citation: I. A summons: q. v.i

||, A quotation: q.v. Cite: I. Legal: cite, vgco; evgco:

v. T O SUMMON. H, To quote (q. v.):

laudo, profgro, etc. cithern: clthara: Virg.: Hor.: a

player on Hie c, dtharista (male), Cic.: citharistiia (female), Ter. citizen: 1, civis, is, c: no one can

be a c. of two states, duarum civitatum c. esse nemo potest, Cic: neither a c nor a stranger, neque c, neque pere-grinus, Cic.: the rights of cs, civium jura, Cic : all your fellow-cs fear you, te metuunt omnes c toi, Cic: Hor.

2. urbanus (as contrasted with rusticus, countryman) : idle cs, otiosi urban!, Liv.: PL Phr.: a conspiracy of cs, civilis conjuratio, Cic: a victory over cs, civilis victoria, Sail.: theplimder of cs, civilis praeda, Tac.: a c.'s dress, vestitus civilis, Suet.: acof the world, cosmlcos, Mart citizenship: civitas: to bestow c.

upon any one, aliquem civitate donare, Cic.; civitatem alicui dare, impertiri, Cic.: to obtain the c. of Rome, c. Rom-anam assequi, Tac : to lose c, c. amittere or perdere, Cic : to admit a man to the light of c, aliquem in civitatem recipere, Cic.: to deprive of c, alicui c adlmere, Cic.: to obtain the ft fraudulently, c furari, Cic citrate: citras, atis, n.: M. L. Citron (fruit): 1, citrgum : PUn. 2, medlcum malum: Pita.

citron-tree: citrus, i,/..- Plin. citrus (an African tree): citras, i,

/.: Plin.: c. wood, citrum, Plin.: a table of e. wood, mensa citrea, Cic. City (SM6S.) : urbs, urbis,/.: the ft qf

Rome, Roma urbs, Cic.: collections of dwellings which we call cs, domicllia conjuncte quas urbes dicimus, Cic: the most beautiful c. of all Gaul, pulcher-rima totius Galllae urbs, Caes.: the founder qf a ft, conditor urbis, Ov. N.B. Not civitas except in later authors: cf. Gell. 18, 7: " civitatem et pro toco et pro oppido did:" or when the inhabitants (cives) are meant: as, tlie sad and astonished c, attonita et moesto c. Suet: Tac.: v. also TOWN. Phr.: Hie freedom qf a ft, civitas: v. CITIZENSHIP.

city (adj.) : 1, urbanus: c. tribes, ur. tribus, Cic : c. affairs, res ur., Caes. : c. luxury, ur. luxus, Tac. 2. urblcus: ft traders, ur. negotiatores, Suet: c

affairs, res ur. Suet. (Urbicus differs from urbanus in having a purely loca! reference; whereas urbanus is esp. used of the manners of the city.) Civet! zibethum: M.L. civet-cat: (?)vlverra, Plin.: "viverra

zibetha, Linn. civic: 1. civilis, e: v. CIVIL, 2, clvlcus (chiefly poet.): ft lights,

c jura, Hor.: a c. crown, c corona, Cic. Civil: I. Relating to citizens (as

contrasted either with strangers or with soldiers): 1, civIUs, e: a c war, c bellum, Cic: c. discord, c discordia, SalL: ft rights, jus c, Cic: ft law, c. lex, Cic.: the c. day, dies c, Plin. 2. dvlcus (poet.): c. commotions, motus c, Hor.: c. wars, c bella, Ov. Phr.: military and c. offices, imperia et magistrates, Cic: a c. war, bellum intes-tinum ac domesticum, Cic: c. death, capitis deminutio maxima, Cic.: tlie c. list, "principis sumptus domestici. ||, Of manners: v. POLITE, COURTEOUS.

civilian: I. One slcilled in civil law: 1. juris or Jure pgrltus: Cato was a very learned c, Cato juris civilis peritissimus erat, Cic. 2. juris consultus: Cic. ||, A non-military person: 1, tggatus (ire the toga, which was the dress of peace): to decree a thanksgiving in honour of a c, alicui togato supplicationem decernere, Cic: also used as subs.: Cic. 2. paganus (only ta later Latin): soldiers and cs, miUtes et pagani, Pita.: Tac.: Juv. civility: v. POLITENESS, ATTENTION.

civilization: cultus, us: Hie Belgae are the most remote from the c. and refinement of thepn-ovince, Belgae a culta atque humanitate provinciae longissime absunt, Caes.: to bring men from a state of barbarism to one of c, homines a fera agrestique vita ad humanum c. civilemque deducere, Cic civilize: 1, excolo, cblui, cultum,

3 : from a rude and barbarous state of existence we have been cd and softened into refinement, ex agresti immanique vita exculti ad humanitatem et mitigati sumus, Cic.: a cd life, exculta vita, Cic. 2. expgllo, 4: Cic: GelL: v. TO POLISH. 3. emollio, 4; Ov.: Tac.:

v. T O SOFTEN. Phr.: lie cd Hie minds

of men, which by the pursuits cf war had become savage and wild, ad humanitatem atque mansuetudlnem revocavit animos hominum studiis bellandi jam, immanes ac feros, Cic. (cf. preced. art). civilly: v. POLITELY. P h r.: to de

cline c, belle negare, Q. Cic. clad = clothed: v. T O CLOTHE. claim (v): 1. exlgo, egi, actum,

3 : I will wait for what you promise, and will not c it except at your convenience, et expectabo ea quae polUceris, neque exigam nisi too commodo, Cic.

2, postulo, 1: toe. one's right, jus suump, Ter.: Caes.: Cic 3, rgpgto, ivi, itum, 3 : (to c back; of what Is due): to c. one's property, bona sua r, Cic.: to c. thanks for a favour, pro heneficio gratlam r, Liv. 4. rgposco, 3 ( = repeto): to ft any one for punishment, aliquem ad poenas r, Virg. 5, vindlco, 1 (esp. in legal sense): to c. one's betrothed as a free person, sponsam in libertatem v, Liv.: GelL: the Chians c Homer as their countryman, Homerum Chii suum v, Cic.: to ca part of Hie victory for oneself, victoriae partem ad se v, Liv. 6. assgro, sgrui, sertum, 3 (c/or oneself) : c. not our praises for yourself, ne laudes assere nostras, Ov.: he cd for himself the cognomen of fortunate, felicis sibi cognomen asseruit, Plin.: the client cd the virgin as a slave, cliens virginem in servitutem asseruit, Liv.: v. TO D E M A N D ; ASSUME.

7, interprgtor, 1 (rare): to ft a victory, 1. e. lay c. to it, victoriam ut suam int., Veil. claim (subs.): 1. postulatlo: a

fair and honourable c, p. aequa et honesta,Clc Phr.: to prefer afair c, aequum postulare, Ter. 2. vtadldae, arum (legal c): to seek to obtain the estates of others by unjust c.s, injustis 123

C L A I M A N T C L A S S I C C L E A N L I N E S S

v. alienos fundos petere, Cic.: Liv. 3, concursus, us (a joint or counter

ft): Cels. Dig. Phr.: to comply with all the cs of friendship, amicitlam toeri, Cic.: to malce a counter c. against any one, alicui concurrere, Uip.: ore the one hand the public safety malces a e, ore the other, tlie king's, concurrit Mine publica, hinc regis salus, Sen.: v. D E M A N D . claimant, claimer: 1. assertor

(in sense of assero: v. TO CLAIM, 6): the c. of the girl (as his slave), as. puel-lae, Liv. 2. petltor: Cic.: v. SUITOR.

clamber: v. T O CLIMB.

clamminess: lentltia: Plin. clammy: 1, lentus: glue more

c. than birdlime and pitch, gluten visco et, pice lentlus, Virg. 2. viscldus: Theod. Prise: v. GLUTINOUS. clamorous: clamgsus: Quint.: Juv.

Phr.: c. applause, clamores : v. ACCLAMATION, NOISY.

clamorously: clamgse: Quint. clamour (subs): strgpltus, clamor:

v. NOISE, SHOUT.

clamour ("•) •' esp. in phr. to clamour for : flaglto, I: they c.'d foi- corn of me, me frumentum flagitabant, Cic.: to c for an encore, magnis theatri clamoribus aliquid reponi f, Plin.: v. TO D E M A N D ; SHOUT.

Clamp (subs.): 1, catena: Cato: Vitr. 2. confibula: Cato. 3, uncus: Hor. clamp (*>•)•' "catena vel confibula

defigere, constringere. clan: gens, gentis, /. (prob. the

nearest word); v. FAMILY, RACE.

Clandestine : 1, clandesttaus: a ft marriage, c. nuptiae, PL: c. plans, c. consilia, Caes.: Cic. 2. furtlvus: c lovers, f. viri, Ov. 3. surreptlcius: e. love: s. amor, Pi.: v. SECRET. clandestinely: clam, furtlm: v.

SECRETLY, B Y STEALTH.

Clang (v.) : 1. clango, 3: the trumpet's c. the dreadful signals, hor-rida c signa tubae, Stat. 2. strgpo, Hi, Itum, 3 : Hor.: Virg. clang (subs.): clangor: arises the

shouting of men and the c. of trumpets, exoritur clamorque virum cque tu-barum, Virg.: Liv.: v. DIN, NOISE. clank (subs.): strgpltus, us: the c

of wheels, s. rotarum, Caes.: v. DIN. clank (v): crepo, ui, Itum, 1: the

cymbal cs, sistrum crepat, Ov.: as soon as the chain c.s, the friend will depart, quum primuin crepuerit catena, amicus discedet, Sen. clannish: (?) genti suae nimium

deditus. Clanship: gentllltas: Cic.: Plin.:

v. CLAN. clansman: gentllis, is, m.: Cic.:

Liv. clap ("•) •' obsol. except of clapping

the hands: 1. plaudo, si, sum, 3 (both ta-ans. and intr.): to tire the hands with cing, manus in plaudendo con-sumere, Cic. (of applause): H o n 2. complodo, si, sum, 3 : toe. the hands together, manus c. Quint: Petr.: v. also T O A P P L A U D . 3, collldo, si, sum, 3: with manus: Quint. (For such phrases as, to clap a man in prison [aliquem in vincula conjicere], to clap irons on a man [manicas, compedes alicui impingere], v. T O C A S T ; F A S T E N , ete.)

clap, clapping: |. Of the hands: plausus, us: palm brought in contact with palm produces a c, palrna cum palma collate, plausum facit, Sen.: v, F L A P P I N G ; A P P L A U S E . ||, Of thunder:

fragor, oris, rei..- eoelestis f. Quint.: a loud c. of thunder, gravis f, Ov. (In other senses the word has now become obsolete or vulgar.- v. B L O W , STROR.E.)

clapper: I, A person who claps: plausor: H o c : Suet. ||, The strilcing pari of a bell: 1. lingua (?lingula s. ligula): pseudo-Lact. aenigm. 79.

2. malleus: i. e. hammer: M . L. dap-trap: verba ad s u m m a m cav-

eam spectontia, Sen. Tr. 11, 6. claret: "vinuni Burdigaleuse. clarification: defaecatio: M . L. Clarify: 1. dellquo, 1: Varr.: 124

Cels. 2. Hquo, 1: Hor.: Plin.: v. TO FILTER.

Clarion: Htuus: Hor.: Ov.: a c-player, Utlcen, Inis, m.: Cato: Stat clarionet: © tibia: Cic.: Virg.: v.

FLUTE. clary (aplant): horminum: Plin. clash («•)•' I. To malce a noise by

strilcing: 1, concrgpo, ui, Itum, 1; at the first onset the arms c'd, primo conoursu concrepuere arma, Liv. 2, crgplto, 1: the arms c, arma c, Tib.

||, To be opposed to or inconsistent with: 1. collldor, Usus, 3 : the laws c, leges colliduntur, Quint. 2. con-fligo, fllxi, flictum, 3: the various laws c, diversae leges c. Quint 3. rgpugno, 1: most persons do not see how these things ft, haec inter se quam r, plerique non vident, Cic. 4. pugno: v. TO OPPOSE, B E INCONSISTENT.

Clash (subs.): I, Noise produced by collision: 1, crepitus, lis: the ft of arms, c armorum, Liv. 2, sgnitus, us: Virg. (of the arms in the wooden horse): v. SO U N D , NOISE. Phr.: the

harsh cing together of words, asper verborum concursus (concursio), Cic: v. COLLISION. ||, Discrepancy: q.v.

Clasp (subs.): |, For fastening : fibula: Liv.: Virg. |J. An embrace: amplexus; v. E M B R A C E .

Clasp (v): |> To fasten vyith a clasp: 1. fibiilo, 1: Col. (who however uses the word rig.). 2. fibula con-necto, anuecto, subnecto: v. T O F A S T E N .

||, To grasp firmly, to embrace: I, complector, xus, 3: to c. any

one's right liand, dextram alicujus c, Virg.: the vine with its tendrils, as wiHi hands, c.s whatever it meets, vitis claviculis suis, quasi manibus quicquid est nacta c, Cic. 2, amplector, 3: i. q. complector: v. T O E M B R A C E . 3.

prghendo, comprghendo: v. T O GRASP, T A R E H O L D OF. Phr.: with tlie hands c.'d together, digitis pectinatim inter se implexis, Plin. 28, 6, 17 : simly.; digitis inter se pectine junctis, Ov. M . 9, 299: (but for ihe most part digitis 07' manibus inter se junctis would be precise enough). clasper (of a vine): clavlcula, Cic. •-

V. TENDRIL. clasp-knife: "culter plicatilis (?) :

Kr. class (subs.): |. A number of

objects regarded collectively as possessing certain common qualities: 1, classis, is,/.: especially of the political c.s instituted by Ser. Tullius : Liv.: Cic.: the ft qf slaves, c. servorum, Petr.: hence, fig.: compared with Mm they seem to belong to the very lowest c. (the fifth), cum illo collati, quihtae classis videntar, Cic.: v. infr. (IL). 2. ggnus, gris, re. (the most usu. word to denote a class or sort): there is a c. of men who wish to be Hie foremost in everything, est g. hominum qui se primos esse omnium rerum volunt, Ter.: of those men there are two cs, eorum hominum g. sunt duo, Caes. Phr.: to arrange in cs, generatim dlstribuere, Caes. 3. ordo, inis, rei. (esp. of such c.s as the equites, senators, etc: v. O R D E R ) : the c. of husbandmen, ordo aratorum, Cic ||# of pupils: classis: they liad arranged the boys in cs, pueros in classes distrlbue-rant, Quint.: to fte at the top of a c, c. ducere. Quint.: v. R A N K . class, classify ("•) -• 1. describo,

psi, ptum, 3 : lie c.'d tlie freedmen in the four city tribes, libertinos in quatuor urbanas tribus descripsit, Liv.: to c. the people according to property, ranks, and ages, populum censu, ordinibus, aetatibus d, Cic. 2. in classes dlstribuere: Quint. Classic \ L e. strictly, belonging to classical S the (first) class; with ref.

to the five classes of Ser. Tullius: clas-sicus: a c and careful author, not a vulgar one, c. assiduusqne scriptor, non proletorius, Gell. 19, 9, fin. (Cic. would probably have said, scriptor primae classis: cf. Acad. Prior. 2, 23, 73.) Phr.: the Greek and Latin c authors or cs.

auctores utriusque linguae clarisstoif Quint.: a c. author, scriptor vetus a W probus, Hor Ep. 2, 1 50; optimW( auctor, Quint: or (with a more direct reference to style), tersus atque elegani maxime auctor, Quint.: c. writers auctores eminentissimi or summl, Quint • perfect! veteresque (scriptores), Hor • c. literature, i. e. of Greece and Bom Graecae atque Romanae Iiterae, Cic: I antiquities, "antiquitates Graecae" ct Romanae.

Classically: P h r.: to write c, on-time scribere, Quint.: or, ad optimorum auctorum exemplum scribere. classification: 1, descriptio:

the ft of Hie people, d. populi, Cic: Suet 2. distrlbiitio In classes facta: v,

TO CLASSIFY (fin,). classify: v. T O CLASS.

clatter («•) •• 1. crepo, ui, itum, 1: v. T O RATTLE. 2. crgplto, I: Un

swords c. on Hie hard anvils, dnris c, incudibus enses, Virg.

clatter \ (subs).- 1, strgpltus; clattering ins: the c of foUSng.

doors, s.valvarum, Hor.: thec.qf wheels, s. rotarum, Caes. 2, crgpltus, ,Js: the c. of feet, c pedum, Cic: v. cusu, RATTLE.

Clause: I, A part of a sentence: 1. artlculus: Cic. 2. membmm;

Cic. P h r.: to speak in short cs, mem-bratim dicere, Cic: Quint. 3, in-cisum (a short c): Cic: Quint. Phr.; ire short cs, incise and im'.-iiu, Cic.; also, caesim, Cic: Quint. 4, intjsib ( = incisum) : Cic ||, A wmpkU portion of a law, deed, etc.: \, ci-put, Itis, re..- from the first c. of ilie law to Hie last, a primo c legis usque arl extremum, Cic 2, clausfila: Dip.

3, Elfiglum (ire a will): Cic: Dig. clavicle: clavlciila: M.L. claw: 1, unguis, is, m..- Hor.:

Ov.: Plin. 2. ungfila (0/&ir<*s): PI, 3. brachlum (</a craft, etc.): OV.: \

Plin. claw (»•) •' v- io SCRATCH.

Clay: 1. lutum: Tib.: Plin. Phr.: Brick-c, terra lateraria, Plin,

2. argilla (white cr potter's &.): ; Cic: Hor. 3. creta (= argilla): Cic': potter's c, c. figularis, CoL; c. figlina, Varr. 4. cretfila(= creta): Cic. Phr.: figures made cf c, Mies figurae, Cic:' c. vessels, vasa fictilia, Cic.: v. EA R T H E N W A R E . \

clayey: 1. iutosus(a!»!mii»»ijiii ft); a c. field, 1. ager, Col.: Cato. • 2. lutens: v. MIRY. 3. cretosus (abounding in white c): Ov.: Plin. 4. * taceus (of the nature of clay); Plis.

5, argillosus ( = cretosus): Varr.: Plin. 6. argillaceus (=cretacens): , c. soil, terra ar, Plin. clean (adj.): 1, mundus: per

fectly c. baskets: quala mundissima, Col.: c. (or neat)furniture, m, supelte Hor.: blessed are the p. in heart, beats mundo corde, Vulg. 2. purus: * ma7ce a field neat and c, agrum muni}-u m p.que facere, Gell.: a c dress, vestis p., Virg.: a c. liouse, p. aedes, PI. N.B. Mundns usu.. conveys the additional sense of neat, elegant (q. v.); purus that of pure, unmixed. Phr.: to makie,, purge: v. T O CLEAN, CLEANSE: to Ium

ft hands (fig.), alieni abstinentem, ab-stinentissimum esse, Plin. Ep.: v. ns- i TEGRITY.

clean (»•)•• purgo, mundo, purum facio: v. T O CLEANSE. Phr.: to cum

tools, ferramenta detersa nitidare, atque robigtae liberare, Col.: esp. with prep-out: to c. out a kitchen, mangers, etc., culinam, praesepia niundanda curare, immunditiis liberare, CoL: to c out a stable, fimum de stabulo egerere or simply stabulum egerere, Lact, (of we stable of Augeas): to c. out him, alve- ; aria sordibus purgare, Pall.: toe. out the bed of the Tiber again, alvenm Tiberis repurgare, Suet.: to e. out sewers, cloacas detergere, Liv. » clean (adv.) -. =cdtogether,mhm: , q. v. cleanliness: mundltia and i*™"

CLEAN LY C L E A R V T C L E A R N E S S

dlties, gi: v. NEATNESS (to which it is more nearly equivalent). cleanly W - ) •• mundus: to fte re

markable for c, careful habits, mundae sediditatis esse, Ov.: v. N E A T . 1 cleanly (adv.): 1. pure: to wash out vessels ft, p. eluere vasa, PL: to lie more c and comfortably (of breeding ; cattle), purlus et mollius incubare, Col.: Plin. 2. munde, mundlter: v. N E A T L Y . cleanness: v. CLEANLINESS, PURITY.

cleanse: 1. purgo, i: to c.from 1 leaves and ordure, a foliis et stercore p. Col. Fig.: toe. Hie bosom, pectora p., Lucr.: v. T O CLEAR, CLEAN. S O the

'compounds, (i.) perpurgo, to c tho-1 roughly: Cic: Cels. (ii.) expurgo, to c.out: Plin. (Ui.) dgpurgo = expurgo or intens. of purgo: PL: Cato. (iv.) Irgpurgo, toe again: Suet: Plin. 2. i defaeco, i (to c.from dregs or foulness): I PL 3, detergeo, si, sum, 2 (to c. by brushing or rubbing): v. T O C L E A N (Phr.). 4. abttto, ui, utum, 3 (to c. by icashing): to ft oneself in running • water, se fiumine vivo ab, Virg.: v. T O WASH, PURIFY.

cleansing (subs): 1. purgatio: the c. of sewers, p. cloacarum, Traj. ap. Plin. 2. ablatio (by washing): Plin.

3. More usu. expr. by verb: as to pay attention to the ft qf cattle-stalls, ; bobilia mundanda curare, Col.: v. T O [CLEANSE.

• cleansing (adj.): purlficus (rare): Laco. (In verse, purus might be used; as Ov. has lurida aconite, Hor. pallida mors, in sense of making ghastly or pale.)

Clear (adj.): |. To the sight: 1, llquldus (liquid, transparent:

q. v.): a c. night, 1. nox, Virg.: a c light, 1. lumen, Lucr.: the c. atmosphere, 1. aer, Virg. 2. sgrenus (unclouded): a ft sky, 1. coelum, Cic.: a ft atmosphere, s. aer, Plin.: also used in neut. as subs. = clear weather: as, a storm was known to have arisen with a c sky, sereno con-stabat nimbum ortum, Liv.: Suet.: cf. T O CLEAR UP. 3. candldus (rare in this sense: v. BRIGHT) : a bright and ft light, lux clara et c, PL (N.B. Claras, iliustris, lucidus are all too strong; signifying rather bright, luminous: q. v.)

4. limpldus (of fluids): a c. lake, 1. lacus, Cat.: perfectly ft wine, vinum defecatum quam limpidissimum, CoL

5. pellucldus (transparent): Cic. Phr.: to become c (of fluids), llquesco, Hcul, 3> to become c gradually, paul-latim 1, Auct. B. Alex.: to make c (of fluids), dgfaeco, dellquo (Uquo): v. T O FILTER. ||. To the ear: 1, llquldus : a c. voice, 1. vox, Hor.: Lucr.: to sing a ft note, liquidum cantare, Ov.: v. LIQUID. 2. Claras (implying loudness as well as clearness): a c. (distinctly audible) voice, c vox, Cic.: v. AUDIBLE, LOUD. 3. candldus: ap

plied by Quint, (n, 3,15), and Plin. (28, 6,16), to a kind of voice at once clear and musical; and opposed to a thick, husky one (fusca vox): Cic. applies to the same kind of voice the epithet can-orus: v. MELODIOUS. 4, acutus: Le. clear and shrill: q. v. Phr.: tlie sounds become clearer (or louder) and clearer, magls atque magis clarescunt sonitus, Virg. A. 2, 301. _ |||, Of space: free, open: 1, purus: a ft open plain, p. ac patens campus, Liv.: Hie streets are c, so that nothing interferes with the quiet muser, p. sunt pla-teae, nihil ut medttantftras obstet, Hor.: Varr. 2. apertus, patens: v. O P E N . Phr.: a c, open space (without buildings on it), area, Varr.: v. AREA. |V-Of language, style: lucid: 1, lu-ddus: Philistus, an imitator qf Thucydides ; and, whilst much feebler, considerably clearer, Philistus imitator Thucydfdis; et, ut muito inflrmior, ita alfqnatenus luddior, Quint: a c arrangement, 1. ordo, Hor. 2. iliustris, e (luminous): a c. speech, which puts the matter almost before one's eyes, il. oratio quae rem constituat paene ante oculos, Cic.: a c. explanation, 11. expla-

natio, Quint. 3. candldus (a critical term, having reference to clearness and brightness of style): Herodotus is interesting, c, and diffuse, dulcis et c et fusus H , Cic.: a c. kind qf speaking, c dicendi genus, Cic. 4. signfflcans, ntis (telling its tale plainly) : used in conjunction with lucidus (or dilucidus) by Quint 12, 10, 21, et al. V. Intelligible, evident: 1. Claras: your plans are clearer to us than the light of day, luce sunt clariora nobis toa consilia, Cic.: vei-y C. handwriting, clarissimae Iiterae, Cic. 2. apertus, roanlfestus, persplcuus: v. EVIDENT. 3. iliustris, e: a fact ft and lenown to all, factum il. notumque omnibus, Cic. 4. evldens, ntis: a ft proof, e. demonstrate, Plin.: v. EVIDENT. Phr.: to fte c, appareo, constat, liquet (impers.): the last esp. used with a negative as legal term, implying that a case has not been made out (cf. our " not proven "): they brought in the verdict that Hie case was not ft, non liquere (N. L.) dixerunt Cic : Gell.: to make a thing quite c, rem ad liquidu m perducere, Veil.; also, rem (veri-tatem) ad liquidum explorare, Liv.; ad liquidum redigere, Sen.: also, rem claram, manifestam, apertam facere or reddere: v. T O P R O V E , E X P L A I N : to become c. (of

things explained), claresco, Lucr. N. B. Clear is also used in the sense of free from: as, c. of blame, expers culpae'or liber culpa, etc.: v. F R E E F R O M : also for mere, entire, as, so much c. loss: v. M E R E : icith a ft conscience, recta con-scientia, optima conscientia: v. CONSCIENCE. Clear (v) : |, L i t: to make open

or clear: 1. expgdio, 4: to c. the approaches, aditus ex, Caes.: to c. a stony field by gathering the stones, agram saxosum lectione lapidum ex., Col. 2. purgo, 1: toe. ground with hoes, arva ligOnibus p, Ov.: toco place with sickles, faldbus p. locum, Cic: v. T O CLEANSE, RID OF. 3. exstirpo, I (of lands): to c. lands of trees and brushwood, agros arboribus atque virgultis ex. Pall. 4. extrlco, I: toe forest land, agram silvestrem ex. Col. (the same notion may be expressed by agrum purum facere: v. CLEAN, 2).

5. sgrgno, I (of the weather): Jupiter cs the slcy and the weather, Jupiter coelum tempestatesque s, Virg. Phr.: he (Themistocles) c.'d Hie sea qf pirates, maritimos praedones consect-ando mare tutum reddidit, Nep.: to c. trees of moss, arbores emuscare, Col. (=musco purgare). Fig.: to c. (disburden) one's conscience (by confession), conscientiam exonerare or se exonerare, Curt, (in diff. sense, consdentiam purgare, v. inf.). ||, To exculpate (q. v.): Phr.: toft oneself relatively to any matter, purgafe se de aliqua re, Cic: to c. the public conscience (free the state of all complicity), publicam consdentiam purgare, Just: to c. any one of the odium andguilt, invidiam crimenque ab aliquo amoliri, Tac. H. 3, IS, fin.: to c. (any one from) a charge, crimen diluere, Cic |||. To make a profit: lucror, lucrlfacio: v. T O GAIN.

a w a y : 1. detergeo, si, sum, 2: v. TO SWEEP AWAY, CLEAN OUT.

2. amglior, 4 (implying forcible effort): to c. away the obstacles presented by the woods, obstantia silvarum a, Tac.: to c. away every impediment, impedimentum omne a, Sisenn. in Non. 3, amgveo: v. TO REMOVE. (May also usu. be expr. by means of some of the verbs for to cleanse, q.v.: as, to c. a/way the mice from a house, domum muribus purgare, Phaedr.) Phr.: to c. away the clouds of the mind, nubila animi serenare, Plin.: v. T O C L E A R U P . off: cornice: amolior, 4 (with pron. refi) : ft off you! hinc vos amoli-mini, Ter.: PL: apage! v. A W A Y . out: purgo, emundo, dgtergeo, gggro: v. T O C L E A N OUT. u p : I. Trans.: to explain; to remove difficulties: 1, expgdio, 4: c. up this matter for me first of all, hoc

mihi expedi primum, Ter.: more fully, dilucide ex., Ter.: v. T O EXPLAIN. 2. engdo, 1: toft up niceties of law, laqueos Juris e, GelL: Cic. 3. expHco, e.\-plano : V. TO EXPLAIN, UNFOLD. 4.

defaeco, I (prop, to clear of dregs; as wine): whatever was formerly uncertain in my mind is now c'd up, quiequid incerti mihi in animo fuit, nunc defae-catum est, PL g. illustro, I (to shed light upon): everything has been c.'d up, made manifest and certain by me, omnia illustrate, patefacta, comperta sunt a me, Cic. 6. perpurgo, I (to dear up thoroughly: rare): Cic. 7. gnucleo, I (lit. to extract the kernel): v. T O EXPLAIN. Phr.: to c. up obscure matters, rebus (obscuris) lumen afferre, Cic.; obscuritatem et tenebras ab aliqua re tollere: cf. Cic. Or. 3, 13, fin. ||, Intrans.: of the weather; to become fair: dissgrenat or dissgrenascit (impers) : cf. Liv. 39, 46 (where quum dis-serenasset = quum ex tempestate se-renum factum esset): Plin.: cf. T O CL E A R (I. 5.).

clearance: I, The act of clearing away: in phr. to make a c. = to clear away: q.v. ||. Mercantile term: a kind of receipt: "portorii soluti a podia (R. and A.): v. RECEIPT.

clearly: I. Prop. = ire a clear way: 1. clare (strictly of sight; but also used" with reference to hearing or understanding) : to see c, c oculis videre, PL (and v. inf. 2): to speak c (distinctly and audibly), c. dicere, Ter. Fig.: to show c and evidently, c atque evidenter ostendere, Quint Very ft, praeciarg: to explain very c, p. explic-are, Cic.: to understand quite c, p. intelligere, Cic. 2. Hqulde or Uquldo (esp. of sounds; also of the action of the mind): eagles see more c. (than men), moles hear more ft, aquilae clarius oernunt, liquidius audiunt talpae, Plin.: the poets also use the neuter of the adj., as, to sing c, liquidum cantare, Ov. Fig.: to judge more c, liquidius judic-are, Cic.: Liv. 3. luclde (lit. brightly: q. v.). F i g. = Eng. lucidly (q. v.): to sliow anything most ft, aliquid lucidis-sime ostendere, Quint: Cie. (Similar in meaning, but somewhat stronger, is the comp. dilucide: as, to show or explain anything c, aliquid d. docere, Liv.: the law c forbids, lex d. vetat, Cic) 4. expresse (cf. T O EXPRESS) : to pronounce a letter c, literam ex. efferre, Val. Max.: more freq. with ref. to the mind=exactly: q. v. 5. plSne: v. PLAINLY. (N. B. This and the M l . words, only in fig. sense; as of that which is expressed or explained c )

6. persplcue : to explain anything plainly and c, aliquid plane et p. ex-pedire, Cic.; more fully, dilucide atque p,Plin. Ep. 7. enucleate (lit with the kernels extracted or the shells cracked-. 1. e. difficulties and obscurities cleared away: freq. in Cic.): to speak of great subjects ornately, of humble ones ft, grandia ornate, e. minora dicere, Cic.

8. enodate: similar to enucleate: Cic 9. aperte: v. P L A I N L Y : cf. also DISTINCTLY, ARTICULATELY. ||. Ob-

viously, evidently (q. v.): persplcue, aperte, haud dubie, etc clearness: 1, clarftas (the near

est and most gen. term: but with ref. to sight rather = brightness: q. v.) : the c of morning, matutina c, Plin,: c. ire the voice, c in voce, Cic: c. of speech, c. orationis, Quint The form claritudo is also found: Tac.: Gell. 2. sgren-Itas (of the sky): s. coeli, Cic.: Liv. 3, persplcultas: of style: Qufnf. 8, 2, 1 (not so in Cic). N. B. Often best expr. by means of an adj.: as, ore whom thy father has bestowed ft of voice, cui liquidum pater vocem dedit, Hor.: famous for the c of his style, "insignis propter sermonem illustrem atque dilu-cidum: nothing can exceed his ft of style, "oratione ejus nihil potest esse illustrius: ire the first place aim at c in your writings, "imprimis operam da utperspicue scribas: v. CLEAR, CLEARIA, 125

C L E A R - S I G H T E D C L I E N T C L I M E

clear-sighted: Phr..- to fte e. sighted, clare cernere, PUn.; acute cer-nere (which, however, Is rather stronger), Lucr.: v. SHARP-SIGHTED. For fig. sense, V. SAGACIOUS, SHREWD.

cleave: A . Trans.: to split asunder: 1. findo, fidi, fissum, 3: to c wood, lignum f, Virg.: to 0. ire two, In partes f. duas, Ov.: v. T O SPLIT.

2, diffindo, 3 (to c. asunder): lo c. asunder, or open, the gates of cities, portas urbium d, Hor.: to ft tlie earih asunder (by an earthquake), terram d, Lucr. 3. infindo, 3 (rare except In poets): to c. furrows in the earth, sulcus telluri inf., Virg.; ire Hie sea, sulcos marl inf., Virg. 4. scindo, soldi, scissum, 3 (esp. poet, and fig.): to ft Hieplain with iron, i.e. to plough, aequor ferro s, Virg.: to c. the seas, frete s, Ov. 5. proscindo, 3 (less freq.): Cat. 6. sgco, fl.1, ctum, 1 (in poet, sense): the dolphins ft the seas, swimming, delphines mare nando s„ Vlrg.: Ov.: v. T O C U T , DIVIDE. (Fut. part, secaturus.) B. Intr.: |, To pari asunder: dghisco, dissilio, etc.: v. T O G A P E O P E N , P A R T

A S U N D E R . ||. To adhere to: adhaereo: V. TO ADHERE.

Cleavage: P h r.:" to have an oblique or direct c. (of stones), "facile in ob-liquum, in rectum findi. cleavers dglabra: v. C H O P P E R . cleaving: fissio: Cic. (but more usu.

expr. by verb). clef (in music) : "clavis; or perh.

signum (Kr.). cleft (subs.): 1, fissura (of such

a c. as might be made with a sharp tool): Col.: Plin. 2. hiatus, Os (a deep, yawning ft): v. C H A S M . 3, rlma: v. C H I N K . 4. chasma, atis, re. (of the apparent ft in the sky from which lightnings issue): Plin.: Sen. Phr.: to open in cs, fatisco (v. FISSURE) : dghisco (v. T O G A P E ) : etc.

cleft (part, and adj.): v. C L O V E N . clematis : clematis, Idis, /.: Plin.;

also vitis sUvestris: Plin. clemency: dementia: c and mild

ness (of rule), c mansuetudoque, Qc.: gentleness and c, lenitas et c, Cic. (dementia is often used ta this way with some cognate substantive): v. MILDNESS, GENTLENESS. (Clementia, according to Habicht, is the disposition which refuses to be hurried into violent or intemperate measures: lenitas, natural fineness and gentleness of feeling: mansuetudo, mildness as opp. to natural untamed ferocity: Syn. cj 252.) With c, clementer: Cic.: v. MILDLY.

clement: Clemens, lenis, mansuetus: v. M E R C I F U L , K I N D , G E N T L E (and cf. pre

ced. art.). clemently (rare): clementer: Cic :

V. GENTLY, MERCIFULLY.

clench (subs) : jgcus inurbanus, in-facetus, scurrilis: v. J O K E , JEST.

clench or clinch (v.): |. L i t : to bend (a nail) 6ac7c; to bend or compress the fingers into the form of a fist. Phr.: to c. a nail, "clavum retundere: to c. the fist, digitos comprimerepugnum-que facere (or digitis compress's pugnum facere), Cic. ||. F i g.: to malce secure an argument: perh. clavo traball flgere (Ut. to make fast with a beam-nail; a proverbial expr. = to malce doubly sure) Cic. Verr. 5, 21, 53. (Not argumentum nremere, which is simply to pi-ess or insist on an argument.)

Clepsydra: clepsydra (a kind of water-clock): Cic: Mart. Clergy: I, The whole body of clergymen: clems, i (Gr. K A ^ O S ) : Tert (May also be expr. by the pi. of clericus or ecclesiasticns: v. C L E R G Y M A N . ) ||, Legal term ; as in phr. benefit of clergy'; i. e. privilege of the clerical order before a secular tribunal: privilegium cleri-coram: Cod. Theod. (gen. term for all clerical privUeges). clergyman: .1. clericus: Hier. 2, ecclesiastlcus: i. e. a person engaged in any ecclesiastical function: v. ECCLESIASTIC. clerical: 1. clericus: c ordina-126

tion, ordinatio c, Cypr. 2. clericalis, e: Sidon. 3. ecclesiastlcus: v. ECCLESIASTICAL. Phr.: tlie c office, clcrl-catus, us: Hier.

clerk: I, A clergyman: q.v. ||. Are accountant or other writer: actfi-arius; scriba: v. A C C O U N T A N T , SECRE

T A R Y . Phr.: to fte a ft, scriptum facere, Liv.: v. C L E R K S H I P : ft of Hie market,

praefectus annonae (but only with ref. to provisions): T a c ; in the Greek phraseology of PL, aggrangmus ( = iyo-pavofios): ft of the customs, scriba portorii (Kr.): ft of tlie works (in building), (?) exactor operam (strictly a kind of taskmaster): v. ex. in ForceU. s. v.: parish ft, (?) minister sacrorum.

Clerkship: 1. mlnistgrium scri-barum: Liv. 4, 8 (where the term denotes the service of clerks or secretaries generally). 2. scriptum (both of the office and'of the work): he (Boraee) was appointed toac. in Hie quaestor's office, s. quaestorium comparavit, Suet.: to liold a c, or be a clerk, scriptum facere, Liv. 3, scribatus, us (only of the office): to appoint to a ft, ad s. nomi-nare, Cod. Just

Clever : 1. sollers, 'rtis: v. SKILFUL. 2. callldus (prop, referring to experience; from callum, the hard skin of a workman .-but applicable to adroitness of all kinds) : very c at understanding ancient writings, in intellig-endis veteribus script's bene c, Gell.: a ft invention, c. inventum, Nep.: with prep, and ace.; c. at any business, c ad aliquam rem, PL Poet with infin.: c. at hiding aught he cliooscs, quicquid placuit condere c, Hor. 3. vafer, ira, frum (tricky, sly, artful) : the cleverest interpi'eter of the dreams of the Stoics, Stoicorum somnioram vaferri-mus taterpres, Cic. N. D. 1,15, 33 (but even here the word implies a dishonest cleverness). 4. astutus: v. SLY, C U N NING. 5. inggniosus (i. e. possessed of natural ability): c at anything, ad aliquid in, Ov.: also with in and abl.: Mart. Very ft, peringgniosus: Cic 6. scitus (i. e. lenowing: " up to things" generally: esp. in comic writers): PL joins several words which when so used are nearly synonymous: homo astutus, doctos, scitus et callidus.

7. versutus (quick; always ready with schemes and stratagems: " ver-sutos eos appello quorum mens celeriter versatur," Cic): used often in combination with callidus, vafer, acutus, etc.: Cic: PL: v. SLY. Phr.: a c. rogue, vgtgrator, PL : Cic: tlie poems qf Lucretius have not much brilliancy of genius, but they are very c, Lucretii poemate non multis luminibus tagenii, multae tamen artis sunt, Cic.: v. A P T , E X P E R T , DEXTEROUS.

cleverly: 1. soUerter, pgrlte; v. SKILFULLY. 2. sclte: c. and well, s. et probe, PL: to reason ft and subtly, s. subtiliterque ratiocinari, Gell.: of works of art: Cic. 3. docte: to play on tlie harp c, a. psallere, Hor. 4. astute: v. CRAFTILY, SLYLY. 5. in-

ggniose: v. INGENIOUSLY.

cleverness : sollertia, callidltos; astutia, vafrltia: v. SKILFULNESS, CUN

NING : and comp. the art. CLEVER.

clew: v. CLUE.

Click ("ft and subs) : no exact word ; perhaps nothing nearer than crgpo, crgp-itus. client: I. In Roman sense; as

applied to the dependants of the patricians (patroni): cUens, nils, m. and /.: Liv.: Cic A fem. form clienta is also found: PL: Hor. A body of clients, clientela ("the sing, is rare in this sense:" Fore): he Ichew that there were great bodies ofPompey's c.s in Hiehither provinces, magnas esse Pompeii c. in citeriore provincia sciebat, Caes. (here, however, the word is used in a general sense of dependants: q.v.): Cic ||, In modern sense; one who takes the advice of a lawyer: 1. consultor: Cic: Hor. 2. cllens: elude the ft that is watehing your front door by going out

at the back, atria servantem postlco falli c, Hor.: to appear cn behalf of c» adesse clientibus, Suet. (But stkctij our sense of client is only one element iu that of the Roman cKens.) clientship: clientela (the relation

of a cliens to his patronus): to bt under any one's protection and c, esse In fide et c. alicujus, Cic: Ter.: v. DEPBKD.

ANCE, PATRONAGE.

Cliff: 1, cautes, is, /. (a sham rock): Caes.; Virg. % scgpfilus'prop a watcli-tower or beacon-rock)- Virg. Caes.: v. R O C K . 3, May perhaps be' more precisely expressed by a subs, with the adj. praeruptus: as, an island surrounded on all sides by cs of immense height, insula septa undique pracruptis immensae altitudinis rupibus, Suet,: headlands and c.s, promontoria et n saxa, Cic: simly. with abruptus: y, STEEP, PRECIPITOUS.

climacteric (subs): cllmacter.eris, m.: PUn. 7, 49, 50 (where, however, it is in the pi, and should perhaps be written with Greek letters): Gell 3, 10. (" Annus scansilis, vel scalaris, qui et gradarius, et decretorius a medicis dicitur:" ForceU. s. v.)

climacteric, climacterics! M,); chmacterlcus: Gell. (cf. preced. art,).

climate: 1. coelum or caelum: c. not soul they change, who hurry o'er the seas, c. non animum mutant qui trans mare currant, Hor.: or elsee.has bestowed peculiar physical features, Beu positio coeU corporibus habitum dedit, Tac.: features of c, coeli mos, mores, Virg.: Plin. 2. tempgries, ei,/. (0 well-tempered, mild ft): you worn praise the c, t laudes, Hor.: Plin. Kp.

3. 18ca, orum (with some qualifying word): the eis more temperate than in Gaul, the cold being less seme, 1. sunt temperatiora quam in Gallia, remission-bus frigoribus, Caes.: a hot, coU, temperate c, loca ferventia, frigida, temperate, Plin. N.B. Not dima, which is a mathematical division of the earth: see Diet. Ant. s. v.: nor air, which refers rather to the quality of the atmosphere of any particular country, or its candi-tion as hot or cold, etc. climax: 1. gi'Bdatio: Cic.deOr,

3, 54, 2°7 : " gradatio quae dicta KAiftaf," Quint. 9, 3, 54! from which passage it appears that the figure jra-datio required a repetition of each member of the progression in passing from it to the next; as "Africanovirtutem industria, -virtus gloriam, gloria aemulos comparavit," ib. 2. progressio: Cic. I.e.: where, however, no explanation is given. ForceU. s. v. says, "fortasse est cum in oratione semper alipd priore majus insequitur." 3. i*10 " mentum pluribus gradibus factum: cf. Quint. 8, 4, 3. 4. dlmax, acis, /-•: Capell. Phr.: to rise in the my cfc, per gradus ire, Quint, ib.: there is an uninterrupted c, semper aliquid priore majus insequitur; singula incrementum habent, Quint, ib.: to dwell uponM points of a c, circa singulos gradi18

morari, lb. , Climl*: I. Intrans.: 1 scando,

di, sum, 3: tlie cat csup to tlieMU nest, s. feles ad nidum volucris, Phaedr, Fig.: fear and conscience-stings (•' high as their master, timor et minas 1. eodem quo dominus, Hor. 2, ira"* 3 (to c. into) -. to c up into a tree, fl> arborem in, PL: v. T O MOUST. S, ascendo, escendo: v. T O ASCEND. i, evado, si, sum, 3 (to c up); to ft uy« tlie top of the roof, e. ad summi WW* culminis, Virg.: to ft over Hie enenues Iteads, per capita hostium e. Curt.: Liv. 5. enltor, nisus, and nixus, 3: l» struggle up; c up with an effort): w c. up to ihe top of a •mountain, e. in verticem montis, Curt: the horses P" it hard to c. up wlien fresh ot morn, vix mane recentes en. equi, Of. 0. transscendo or transcendo, 3 (to "-""fll to c. over into the enemies' ships, tr.» hostium naves, Caes.: to ft over a ««, maceriam tr, Caes. 1. sfipervaao,!

http://Cic.de

C L I M B E R C L O D C L O S E W I T H

(to c. over): to c. over Hie rums qf a wo.}*-,ruinasmuri s,Liv. ||. Trans.: to mount by cing: 1, scando, 3 : to c. o mast, malum s, Cic. Fig.: carA;-ing care es the brass-bealced galley, s. aerates naves vitiosa cura, Hor. 2. ascendo, escendo, conscendo, etc: v. TO ASCEND, M O U N T . Also aU the verbs

given under (I.) may convey the transitive notion either with or without'a i prep, as, to c the ridge qf a hill, ad : summum jugum montis eniti, evadere ; * to c. a tree, in arborem inscendere, i escendere, etc 1 climber •: • expr. by part, as, there ,-was no projection to help a ft, *niliil ', emlnebat quod scandentibus auxilio i esset. As scient. term, the cs (a class : of birds), *scansores: of plants, herbae, «arbores, quae claviculis suis tanquam I manibus se erigunt: cf. Cic. Sen. 15, 52.

climbing (subs.): ascensio, ascensus tl(cUmbing up): v. ASCENT. (Butmore *usu. expr. by part of verb: as, to use tone's hands in c, manibus in ascendendo sse adjuvare: cf.Liv. 21, 36.) s clime: rggio, lSca: v. REGION, CLI-SMATE.

' clinch: v.TO-CLENCH. J Clincher: now nearly obsol. except in colloq. language. Phr.: that's a ft .' jperh. habet 1 a phrase of the arena: cf. BPI. Most. 3, 2, 26: *illud quasi clavo jtrabali fixum, adactum est: cf. T O JCLENCH. :; cling: 1, adhaereo, haesi, haesum, j2 (with in and abl., abl. alone, or dot.): to ft to a body, in corpore ad., Ov.: (my Shafts) shall c to thy very heart, in tuis • -visceribus adbaerebunt (al. haerebunt), [Cic Fig.: envy cs to the most exalted, -pa, invidia altissimls, Veil. (Rare and "i>oet with ace.: Cic.; Lucr.) 2. m-,-naereo, 2 (constr. same as 1): he clasped j'Ws hand and clung fast thereto, dex-"tram amplexus inhaeslt, Virg.: v. T O 1,'ADHERE. 3. haereo, 2 (constr. sim. 'ro preceding): to c. to any one's bosom, rn gremio alicujus h, Ov.: to e. to one motlier in fond embraces, avidis com-^>Iexlbus h, Ov.: to c. to any one's side, 'lUcujus later! b, Hor, 4, (Poet, of Sersons embracing).- circumfundor, fusus, lj: v. T O EMBRACE. Phr.: to c. to a

nope (1. e. fondly cherish it), spem fovere, •Wart.: to ft topleasure, ease, etc., volup-ibitem, otium, amplexari, Cic.: and sfmly. %Ith amplector, Cic: v. T O STICK TO. B clinic: i- e. one confined to his bed: "illnlcus: Hier.: cf. BEDRIDDEN. "-' Clinical: Phr.; cmedicine,cUnice, -is,/.: PUn. '•' Clink (v.): tinnio, 4 (applicable to *iny tinkling, jingling sound). i( clink (subs): tinnitus, us: v. JINGLE. •' clip: To shear, cut: 1, tondeo, -'tftondi, tonsum, 2: toe. the beard, barbam t, Cic.: with tlie beard some-icliat awkwardly c.'d, rustidus ton-t'itts, Hor.: to c. vines, vites t, Plin. .; 2. attendeo, tondi, tonsum, 2 (i. e. ito c. lightly, or just on the surface): to ;*. vines, vites at, Virg.: v. T O CROP. 1 3, dgtondeo, 2: toe. shrubs, virgulta d, CoL: to c. (1. e. shear) sheep, >ves d. Cat: leaves c'd off by cold, ;letonsae frigore frondes, Ov. 4, nm-tfllo, 1 (Le. to dock, mutilate): toe off •the end qf a viper's tail, candam colu-«orae m , Ov. Fig.: to c. words (in pronunciation), verba m , Plin. 5, jgcurto, 1 (=mutilo): Arnob. (rare), See also T O PRUNE, C U T O F F or A W A Y , etc. N.B. Not circumcido, which signifies to gosh all round, as ta the phrase I'ircumddere arbores, Plin. 16, 39, 74: fircumtondeo is without good authority lis a verb, though the p. part, dreum-tonsus occurs (Petr.). ! clipped (asac)j)-. tonsil's, e: ac.box grove or hedge, t buxetum, Mart.: Plin. I clipping (subs.) : |, The act: ton-jiura; the c. of the hair, t. capillorum, pv.: PUn. (Or expressed by the verb.) ||, In pi. only: clippings: rgseg-nlna, um: PUn.: v. PARINGS. 1 clique: (?) g'Sbus: tliat c. of the iristocracy, g Ue nobilitatis, Sail. Jug.

8;. See also FACTION, PARTY. N.B.

Not sodalitas, which is not used in an Invidious sense. But cf. this with what is said s. v. " club " respecting the word sodalitas. cloak (subs): 1. pallium, dim.

palUblum, poet, palla (the last esp. of the tragic robe, " palla honesta," Hor. A. P. 278, or a lady's mantle: q. v.): this was " the most common article of the amictus," or external attire (Diet. Ant 852 a), and consisted of a simple square of woollen or linen fabric (p. laneum, linteum): it also served as a blanket on occasion. Strictly, therefore, It was rather a shawl (q. v.j than a cloak. Wearing such a garment, palliates: Cic. 2. lacerna (a thick c used to throw over the toga in bad weather: Its form was similar to that of the pallium: v. Diet. Ant. s. v.): Cic: Ov. Wearing the lacerna, lacernatus: Veil.

3, laena'(= pallium laneum: rare): Varr.: Cic. 4. paenula (fl travelling ft, with a cape or hood to it): Cic.: Hor. Dressed in such a c, paeniilatus: Cic.: Sen. 5. chiamys, ydis, /. (prop, a foreign garment: lighter and more ornamental than the preceding): Cic: Virg. Wearing such a cor scarf, chlamyoatus: PL: Cic. 6. amlculum (a general term, applicable to any one of the preceding; corresponding as it does to amictus: v. supr. 1): Cic.: Nep. 7, sagum, sagiilum (a soldier's ft; whereas the paludamentum was worn by generals and superior officers only: slaves also wore saga: see Cato, R. R. 59): to put on tlie war-cloak, i. e. to enter a state of war, saga sumere, ad s. ire, Cic: the term is sometimes applied to the cloak of a general also, esp. when he is not appearing ta an official character: cf. Liv. 21, 4, " militari sagulo opertus " (of Hannibal). Wearing the military c, sagatas: Cic 8. paludamentum (a general's official ft: v. No. 7): Liv.: Plin. Wearing such a c, p81udatus: Liv. 9, abolla (fl thick ft, worn by philosophers): Suet..- Juv. 10, endrgmis, Idis,/. (a coarse warm wrapper used by athletes after going through, their exercises): Mart. N.B. For cloak in fig. sense, see PRETEXT, PRETENCE.

Cloak (v.): 1. e. to hide a thing under a pretext: 1, dissfemlo, I: to invent nothing, c nothing, conceal nothing, nihil fingere, nihil d, nihil obtegere, Cic.: SalL: v. TO DISGUISE, FEIGN. 2.

praetendo, di, sum, and turn, 3 (lit. to extend something in front, so as to Aid!e another thing: with occ. and dat.): you are in the habit of cing your brutal ways with the name of a great philosopher (Pythagoras), hominis doctissimi nomen immanibus tuis moribus soles p, Cic: Quint. 3. praetexo, ui, xtum, 3 (similar in sense to praetendo: with ace and abl.): to c. one's fault under (another) name, culpam (alio) nomine p., Virg.: Tac. See also T O HIDE, PAL

LIATE, EXCUSE.

clock: 1. horglgglum (gen. term for are instrument to mark the time): Cic.: PUn. A c. goes, stops, is right, wrong, (perh.) h. movetur, moveri de-sinit, ad horas congruit, non congrait; recte, perperam horas indicat (chiefly from Kr.). 2, solarium: prop, a sun-dial; but also used by Cic of a water-clock (s. ex aqua, N. D. 2, 34, 87).

3, hSrae, arum: when we see anything moved by certain machinery, as a sphere, a c, quum machinatione quadam moveri aliquid videmus, ut sphaeram, ut horas, Cic. 4, clepsydra (a water-clock : Gr. KXexUvSpa): Cic.: Sen. Phr.: what o'c. is it t hora quota est, Hor.: to ask what o'c. it is, horas requirere, Sen.; horas quaerere, PUn.: at two (or according to our reckoning about 8 a. m.) etc. next clay, hora secunda postridie, Cic. clock-work: chiefly in such phr. as, to move like c, *instar automatorum moveri. Clod: glSba: to pelt any one away with cs or stones, glebis aut saxis ali

quem agere, Cic: Hor. Dimin. glebula, a small c.: Col. (For the fig. sense, see BLOCKHEAD.)

clodhopper: v. C L O W N .

Clog (subs): I, L i t : a high, lieavy shoe: sculponga: the ordinary wooden shoes furnished to slaves: see Cato, R. R. 59. ||, Fig.: m8ra, im-pgdimentum : v. HINDRANCE. Phr.:

to act as a c upon a person, tardare aliqnem, Caes.: Hor.: to c tlie progress of an affair, alicui rei moram et tardi-tatem afferre, Cic.: v. foil. art. Clog (v): L e. to hinder, fetter: im-

pedio, impllco, tardo, etc: v. T O EMBARRASS, FETTER, D E L A Y : and comp.

preceding art Phr.: a compact c'd with unfavourable conditions, foedus conditionibus gravibus incommoda-tum (f). Cloister: I. A portico (q. v.):

portlcus. ||, A monastery (q.v.): as in such phr. as Hie retirement qf the c, eto.: mgnasteriuni, etc. cloistral: v. M O N A S T I C

close("-): A-Trans.: |, Lit: to shut or bring together: v. T O SHUT.

1, claudo, si, sum, 3: the Alps were cd by winter, clausae hieme Alpes sunt, Liv..- to c. the sluices, rivos c, Virg.: to'c the line of march, i. e. bring up the rear, agmen or novissimum agmen c, Caes.: toea work, opus c, Ov.

2. Spgrio, ui, rtum, 4 (to cover up): to e doors, fores op, Plin.: he was borne in a cd litter, operta lectica Iatus est, Cic.: to c. tlie eyes, oculos op, Plin. (oculos claudere is rather to shut the eyes in death). 3. premo, pressi, pressum, 3 (to press, close tightly); to G. tlie eyes or lips, oculos, os pr, Virg.

4, comprlmo, pressi, pressum, 3 (stronger than premo): to c the luaid tightly, in the form of a fist, c. ta pug-num manum, Quint; digitos c. et pug-num facere, Cic. 5, glutlno, 1 (of wounds): if the edges of Hie wound have c.d, si orae vulneris se glutinamnt, Cels. 6, denso, 1: or denseo, 2 (i. e. to ft up thick together): to c. the ranks, ordines densare, Liv. ||, To bring to an end: v. T O FINISH, CONCLUDE. (N.B.

Claudo is sometimes, but rarely, used in this sense: as, to close a lustrum, or period of five years, c lustrum, Hor.: and v. supr. 1.) Phr.: to c. a bargain, emptionem.venditionem contrahere, per-ficere (the latter denoting more expressly the completion of the contract), Just Inst. 3, 23: (N.B. Not negotium con-ficere; which is simply to finish a business) : no bargain can be cd without the specification qf a price, nulla emptio sine pretio esse potest or constat, ib.

B. Intrans.: |, To come together, be shut, up: 1, Expr. by any of the transitive verbs under (A), and the reft, pron., or in pass.: as, the eyes c, premuntur, premunt se oculi, etc.: v. supr. 2. 0BS0, Ivi and Ii, Itum, 4: the eyelids of the sleeper do not ft, palpebrae dormientis non c, Cels.: the fingers c, diglti c, Ov.: claws cing to bite or pinch, forficibus ad morsum coeuntibus, PUn.: so of wounds cing: Ov.: Cels. (cf. supr. I. 5). ||, To come to an end: expr. by pass, of verbs for to finish, end.

in: I, Trans.: v. TO ENCLOSE. ||, Intr.: phr.: to c in upon the enemy, undique fauces hostium prem-ere, cf. Cic Verr. 3, 76, 176; faucibus (hostem) urgere, Sail. Cat. 52 (fin.). over: siipervgnio, veni, ventum, 4 (rare): the earth cd over her legs as she was speaking, crura loquentis terra supervenit, Ov. (or expr. by pass, of obduco: cf. Plin. 3, 63 fin). UP: claudo, praecliido, obsepio, etc.: v. TO BLOCK UP, SHUT UP. "With: I. Of fighting: (manum) consgro, sgrm, rtum, 3 (to come to an engagement): Cic: Liv. Or more precisely, cominus aggredi aliquem, Ire in aUquem, Ov.: cominus gladio rem gerere, Liv. (i. e. to fight at close quarters) : simly.: rem ad mucrones et manus adducere, Tac. ||. Of bargains; to 127

CLOSE C L O T H E S CLOVEN

accept, agree to: acciplo: cf. Ter. And. 5, 4. 48.

close (adj.): |. Packed closely together: 1. confertus (crowded together : " serried," Milt.): very ft array, confertissima acies, Caes.: to fte drawn up in closer array, confertiores stare, Liv. Hence adv. confertim, in ft array, Liv.: Sail. 2. arctus or artus (eon-fined; tightly packed: usu. in bad sense, too c): c. dinner-parties, (i. e. at which people sit too ft together), a. con-vivia, Hor.: to be passed through a e sieve, cribro a. translre, Plin.: v. N A R R O W , TIGHT. 3. spissus (with component particles packed c. together): v. THICK. 4. densus (sim. to spissus; •but spissus refers to particles packed together without perceptible interstices: densus in less rigid sense to things crowded together; opp. to rarus): three camps arranged very c together, trina castra densissima, Cats.: enemies ft together, il. hostes, Virg.: v. DENSE. 5. creber, bra, brum (frequent, numerous; coming close upon one another): veins and arteiies c. together and many, venae et arteriae c. multaeque, Cic. Phr.: to come toe quarters: v. T O CLOSE W I T H .

II. Of style: concise, full of matter : 1, creber rerum frequentia : Cic. (of

Thucydides). 2, densus: also applied to Time by Cic. : v. CONCISE, CON

DENSED. HI, Of relation or connexion; intimate (q.v.): Phr.: to be on the closest possible terms with any one, aliquo familiarissime uti, Cic.: tliere is the closest affinity between the orator and the poet, est finitimus oratori poeta, Cic: very ft connexion, summa necessitudo, Cic: Quint: very c attention, animus intentissimus: v. ATT E N T I V E . |V. Of the atmosphere; oppressive : crassus atque gravis (the former referring to its ilense nature, as of Boeotia, Hor. Ep. 2,1,244; the latter to its unhealthiness: Tac. H. 5, 7); impurus: v. FOUL, IMPU R E . V. Niggardly (q.v): parcus, malignns: v. M E A N , STINGY. (N.B. For

clase=near, see foil. art). Close (adv.) : 1, propg, proxime :

v. N E A R . 2, juxta (both as adv. and as prep, with ace).- he pitched his camp c. to the walls, j. murum castra posuit, Caes.: v. H A R D BY. N.B. The form juxtim also occurs, though rarely: Lucr.: Suet. 3. M a y sometimes be expr. by an adj.: as, they stand c around, densi circumstant, Ov. (cf. CLOSE, adj. I). Phr.: to fte c. at hand, adesse, subesse (v. N E A R , T O B E ) ; or of fl hostile attitude, alicui in cervicibus esse, Liv. (but denoting an actually menacing danger, not a merely impending one: Liv. 22, 33); alicui supra caput esse, SaU.: Liv: comp. T O CLOSE W I T H : and see CLOSELY.

close (subs.): |, An enclosed place: septum, clausum: v. ENCLOSURE. ||. Termination: 1, exitus, us: tobring anything to a e, adducere aUquid ad ex, Cic.: at the c of the former year, exitu superioris anni, Liv.: v. END. 2. clausula: the ft of an edict, Cic.: esp. of the c. of a period in rhetoric, Cic.: to bring anything to a ft, alicui rei c. im-ponere, Col.: Sen. |||, A grapple in wrestling: luctatio : v. STRUGGLE. close-fisted: parcus, restrictus,

astrictus: v. NIGGARDLY. close-fistedness: parslmonia, tgn-

adtaS : V. NIGGARDLINESS, MEANNESS.

closely: P h r.: to sit c, arete sed-ere, Cic.: to embrace c, arete com-plecti, Cic.: things very c connected, res subtiliter connexae, Lucr.: to follow any one very ft, alicujus vestigiis ingredi, Cic.: to question any one ft, ex aliquo subtiliter, diligenter, exacte, de aliqua re quaerere: v. A C C U R A T E L Y , C A R E F U L L Y ; INTIMATELY. oloseness: I. Thickness (q. v.) : densltas. ||, Nearness (q. v.): prg-pinquites. In fig. sense, of c. of relation : Phr.: nothing can exceed Hie c of these ties, *his necessitudinibus arc-tius nihil esse potest (v. C O N N E X I O N ) : in accordance with the c. of our con-i:3

nexion with each other, pro conjunctlone nostra, Cic. |j|, Of style: in most cases expr. by adj. or by a phr.: as, to aim at the c of the style of Thucydides, studere se, tanquam Thucydidem, rerum frequentia crebrum esse: remarkable for the c. of his style, ob densum sermonem lnsignis (cf. CLOSE, adj.). _ _ |V. i.q. penuriousness (q.v.): tgnacltas; (nimia s. astricta) parslmonia: v. NIGGARDLINESS. V. O f the air: gra vi

tas, impfiritas: v. UNHEALTHINESS, IMPURITY.

Close-stool: 1. lSsanum: Petr. 2, sella pertusa: Cato: also simply

sella, Scrib.: s. familiarica, Varr. closet (s)•' i- «• a small room: 1.

aedfcula: PI. 2, cella: Ter.: Cic: v. C H A M B E R , CABINET.

Closet (v) '• chiefly in p. part.: as to fte c'ol with any one, *in cubiculo se-cretiore cum aliquo esse : arbitris remo-tis cum aliquo loqui: v. PRIVATELY. clot (subs.): *sanguinis concreti gutta

(?) ; or simply, concretus sanguis, cruor: cf. foil. art.

clot (ft) •' cogo, concresco: v. T O C U R D L E . Chiefly used in p. part.: clotted, concrgtus: hair c.'d or matted together with blood, concreti. sanguine crines, Virg.: v. CU R D L E D . cloth : 1. textum (esp. in pi) .-

coarse ft, t rude, Ov.: precious ft, texta pretiosa, Ov.: Mart. 2. textile, is, re. (often pi): carefully made, fine ft, t operosum, Cic: painting on ft, picturaintextill.Cic: Liv.: Hieyuseits leaves for c, ejus foliis utuntur ad tex-tilia, Plin. (N.B. Pannus appears never to be used for cloth as a fabric, but always of a piece of cloth, a garment, etc.: v. PATCH.) Special terms: linen ft, linteum, Cic : Plin.: hair or saclc-c, clllcium: Varr.: Cic.: a table-c, stra-gula vestis: a term applicable to any kind of cloth used to spread over anything. Clothe: 1. vestio, 4 (the most

comprehensive term): to fte cd in triumphal dress, habita triumphali ves-tiri, Plin.: some animals are covered with hides, others c.d with fur, ani-mantes aliae coriis tectae sunt, aliae villis vestitee, Cic: the mountains are ed with forests, montes silvis vesti-untur, Liv.: to ft and adorn one's discoveries with eloquence, invente v. atque ornare oratione, Cic: Quint. 2. con-vestio, 4 (to c completely: rare and chiefly poet.): the ivy has cd everything, omnia convestivit hedera, Cic: Lucr. 3. veio, 1 (prop, to veil, drape, cover): clad in the toga, volatus toga, Liv.: clad in a purple garment, purpurea velatus veste, Ov. 4. induo, ui, utum, 3 (chiefly with pron. reflect. or as pass.; in sense of to c. oneself .-see also to put on): cd in a gilded mantle, palla inaurata indntus, Auct ad Her.: Cic: also poet, with ace. of that which is put on: clad in Hie spoils of Achilles, exuvias tadutus Achillei, Virg. (where the constr. is that of the Gr. Mid. Verb). Esp. meton.: gods cd in the human form, dii taduti specie humana, Cic.: the tree cs itself with fruit, pomis se induit arbos, Virg.: c.d as it were in two characters, indutus duabus quasi person's, Cic. 5. amlcio, Icui, and ixi, ictum, 4 (i. e. to throw or wrap around; hence only with ref. to external clothing) : cd im a purple toga, amictus toga purpurea, Cic: with thy radiant shoulders c.d in cloud, nube candentes hu-meros amictus, Hor. clothes, clothing: 1. vestis, is, / (also including all kinds of drapery) : to strip the fallen of their c, jacentes veste spoliare, Nep.: Cic.: v. DRESS. 2. vestitus, us (only used of clothing; whether lit. or fig.): woman's c, v. «auliebris, Cic.: one's necessary c, necessarius v, Cic: the verdant clothing of Hie banks, riparum v. viridis, Cic. 3. vr.stimentum (any single article qf dress: hence, in pi. clothing in general): to cliange one's c, vesti-mente mutare, Cic (which must be

carefully distinguished from vestUicnt mutare, to go into mourning): Hor;

4, amictus, us (outer clothing): v, DRESS. g, velamen, Inis, re. (strictly a covering: poet.): Virg.: Ov. Special'1

terms and phr.: casi off cs, exfiviae, PL: old cs, scruta, orum, Lucil. ap! GelL; and hence, areoldes-man,scruta> rius, ib.; the business cf such, Bcrutaria, Apul.: are old cs-shop, sanitarium, Gloss.: acs-chest,area vestiaria, Cato' a cs-press, vestiarium, PUn.: a dealer in cs, vestiarius, Uip.: bed-cs, singula vestis, or simply stragiilum, Cic.; v. also C O V E R L E T : a servant whose business it is to look after cs, vestlspex, fem. vestisplca, Inscr.; also servus ,1 veste or ad vestem: Inscr. (Fore. s. v.) .• a full suit ofes, synthgsis, is,/.: Mart,

clothier: vestiarius: v. CLOTHES (phr.). clothing: vestitus,vestlmenta,etc.:

v. CLOTHES.

clotted: concrgtus: v. TO CLOT. j cloud: 1- nubes, is, /. (the most

comprehensive term): summer cs, aes. tivae n, Virg.: a dark gloomy c, atra n, Hor.: cs gather, n. globantur, Plin. Meton.: a c. of dust, n. pulveriv Liv.: cs of locusts, n. locustarum, Liv. Fig.: banish Hie ft from, your broiv, denie supercUio n, Hor.: to grasp at en andunsubstantmlthvngs,niiixsetsmm captere, Hor. Dimire. nubgcaia,tumal| c. (both lit. and fig.): Cic: Plin. % nublla, orum (only in pi.; mostly poet,): Jove cleaving the cs with gleaming fire, j Diespiter igni corasco n. dividens, Hor.: 1 to scatter the cs, n. disjicere, Quint

3. nimbus (a dark c. of roMor storm): cs obscured the day, involvere diem n, Virg.: a dense ft, densus n., Liv. Meton.: aft of ydlow sand, fulvus n. arenae, Virg.: a ft of foot-sol diers, n. pedltum, Virg.: a c. of nistilts, n. telorum, Lucan. F i g.: / om jted that this ft (or storm) has quickly pasted by, hunc quidem n. cito trausisse laetor, Cic. Phr.: to throw a cover anything (of that which renders gloomy): tene-bras, caUginem obducere: v. GLOOH. cloud ('>•)•' chiefly in pass. Phr.:

Hie sky is suddenly c'd over, eripitmt subito nubes coelum, Virg.; tenebrae, J nubes, se coelo obducunt: cf. Plin. 11,1 37, 54; (or, coelum nubibus obouci-1 tur, for obduco admits both constructions) ; removent subeuntia nubila coelum, Ov. F. 2,49?; also simply nuMM (impers): Varr. Nubesco, to he a'd over, become cloudy, is of doubtful authority; and obnubilo, to becloud, appears to occur only in fig. sense (GeU.). Cloud-horn '. nublgena, m.: Col:

Stat cloud - hringing: ^ ^ lu'

gram: the ft S. wind, n. Notas, U**. Cloud-capped: i™blfer: c. Apen

nines, n. Apenninus, Val. tlac, cloudless: 1. sergnus: v.Fi-B- | 2. apertus; v. OPEN. Phr.: aw*

less sky or weather, purum, Hor.; more usu.: sudum: Virg.: ApuL cloudy: 1. nubiius: -*«-*n:

coelum, Pita, (or simply nubilum, run-Suet): a c. year, n. annus,Tib.: * i hue of a pearl, n. color margaritae, PM-Fig.: o. c. mind, n. mens, PL: c.(i»'. n. tempora, Ov.: Quint: soriwwhatc-, subnubllus: Caes. 2. otad*1

(rare): poet. ap. Cic 3, nnHK»M (rare): Apul. (For to become c. or ow-cast, see T O CLOUD.) Clout (subs.): pannus: v. FATCB. Clout h) •' chiefly in p. part- cM ed: pannosns, pannuceus, pannis oosu us: v. PATCHED. Clove: *earyophyllus a r o m « Linn. (Caryophyllum or gaiyopnyimn occurs in Plin, but it is not certain *•' plant is meant.) , Cloven: 1. blsnlcus: a c W ™ : b. lingua, Ov.: a ft hoof, b. ungula, 1 un. • animals with c. hoofs, bisulca, orom, PUn. 2. duplex, Ids: ft WW»* d. linguae, PL: ac. Q)jlg.,&- toVT: Phr.: c. into three, trlsulcus,, V'»; Ov.: c. into many segments, mul"'1'lut'

C L O V E N - F O O T E D C O A L - V E S S E L C O A T I N G

Ov.: Plin.: not ft (as the hoofs qf ! ljnses), indlvlsus: Varr. • cloven-footed: bisulcas ungulas habens (v. preced. art) Clover: medlca(?): Virg.: PUn.

• (The trifolium referred to by Pliny, 21, '. o, 30, may have been a kind of clover, . bat lt Is uncertain. H e speaks of it , only as used by chaplet-makers, and not as agricultural produce.) : clown: I. A countryman: 1, ' rastlcus homo or simply rusticus: Cic.: sHor. 2. homo agrestis (implying '.rough boorishness): Cic. 3. fossor '(Ut digger): Cat: Hor. ||. A buffoon: q.v. .' clownish: 1. rusticus (i.e. sa-'vouringof the country, innocent of town Refinement): v. RUSTIC, A W K W A R D . 2. 1 agrestis, e: v. BOORISH, RUDE.

, clownishly: rustics.- to speak c, r. loqui, Cic: Hor.: v. A W K W A R D L Y .

clownishness: 1. rustidtas: ; politeness, the opposite of which is ft, 'nrbanitas, cui contraria est r. Quint: ,V. A W K W A R D N E S S . 2. mores rustici, !Lincnlti: v. CLOWNISH, UNCULTIVATED.

' cloy: satio, sattiro: v. T O SATIATE. 'Phr.: " Milton has varied his numbers ire such a manner as to be incapable of 'satiating the ear and cing Hie reader," 1 (Spect), *ita numeros suos variavit nt (minirne aures quasi putida dulcitadine -satientor. • cloying (adj.): *adeo dulcis ut puti--dum sit; ut fastidium s. nauseam mo-:veat : cluh (subs): |. A cudgel: 1, 'clava: a knotty c, (of Hercules), trino-dis c, Ov.: to maul severely with cs 'and cudgels, male mulcare c. ac fusti-' bus, Cic. 2, fastis: v. CUDGEL, STAFF.

The bearer of a c (esp. of Hercules), clavlger, gri: Ov. ||. A number of • persons combined for some common object: 1. sfidallias (originally o mere ifriendly association): cs were instituted .during my quaestorship, s. m e quaes' tore constitotae sunt, Cic. Esp. ai ii afterwards became the case, for some : secret illegal purpose: Cfc The members •.ofsuchcs, sgdales: PL: Cic. 2. sbd-: alltium or -Icium (i. q. sodalitas, which however appears to be the better form): i Plin. 3. collggium : he (Caesar) -.broke up Hie cs, except those established of old, cuncta c. praeter antiquitus con-;Stltata distraxit, Suet (also dissolvere, in same sense, Suet.): Cic. (The term • collegium was originally applied esp. to the body of quaestors, tribunes; the , f'apitolinc artificers, and some other corporations: ForceU. s. v.) 4. hgteeria (Gr. haipia): Plin. Ep.; who applies the term to what we should call guilds or trades-unions. In a bad sense the term factio is used to stigmatise bodies of the above kind: PUn. Ep.: Suet.: v. SOCIETY, CIRCLE.

Cluh together (».)•• pecunias con-ferre (used by Snet. Caes. 19, of contributing to the expenses of an election): v. T O CONTRIBUTE: conspiro, conjiiro: v. T O CONSPIRE, COMBINE.

club-footed: pedes pravos ac dis-tortos habens. . Club-moss: (?)sglago,Inis,/.: Plin.

. Cluck (v.): 1, slngultio, 4: Col. : 2. glBdo, 4: Col. (The former of ', the ordinary noise made by a hen with her young, Col. 8, n , fin.; the latter, premonitory of laying: " glocientibus; sfc enim appellant rustiee eas aves quae volunt incnbare," CoL 8, ;, init.) 3, glSddo, gluttio=gloclo: Fest s. v. Cluck (subs): singultus, us: Col. 8, 5, init. (But usu. expr. by verb: v. preced. art) clue: glSmns, gris, re. (a ball or c. of yarn): Lncr.: Hor. Phr.: to guide one's steps by a c, regere filo iter, Virg.; lino duce regere iter, Prop.: to give a c. to one's (real) meaning, sermonis ansas dare, quibus reconditos ejus sensus aliquis tenere possit, Cic. d u m p : esp. of trees: perh. glgbus; or better, arbores globo densae: v. 1R0UP,

clumsily: 1. insclte . address or slcill): to joke ft, in. Jocari, Cic.: a ft built ship, in. facta navis, Liv.

2. rustiee: v. A W K W A R D L Y . 3,

vastg (esp. of broad, ungainly pronunciation): to speak c. (or broadly), v. loqui, Cic: Quint. 4. Inelgganter: V. INELEGANTLY.

clumsiness : rustidtas : v. A W K W A R D N E S S . See also INELEGANCE, UN-

WIELDINESS ; and foil, art

clumsy: I. Of figure, gait, etc.: 1. InhBbllls, e: 1. e. unmanageable,

unwieldy: q. v. 2. vastus (after the manner of bulky things): in features and gait c and awkward, vultu motuque corporis v, atque agrestis, Cic: Gell. See UNCOUTH, A W K W A R D .

||. Of slcill, address: 1. iuscl-tus: v. UNSKILFUL. 2. rusticus,

agrestis: v. CLOWNISH. See also RUDE, INELEGANT. cluster (subs): |. Lit.: of

fruit, etc. 1, racgmus (esp. of grapes): Virg.: cs half-ripened (strictly half-coloured), r. varii, Ov.; r. Uvidi, Hor.; liventes, Prop.: c-bearing, racsmlfer, eta, gram: Ov. 2. i ™ (prop, of grapes, and denoting the fruit of the vine generally) : 2000 cs (on a single vine), uvarum duo millia, Col. (but the precise sense of cluster- is rare). Also used meton.: esp. of a cluster or swarm qf bees: Virg. 3. cgrymbus, i, m. (of fruit or flowers: esp. of ivy berries): Virg.:Ov. ||. Meton.: of any group. Phr.: ac.of islands, "celebrites insu-laram: a c. of people, circulus, Cic: Mart.: v. GROUP.

Cluster (ft): to gather or flock close together, swarm (q. v.). See also foil. art. Clustering (adj.): 1. racgmlfer,

era, grum: c. grapes, V. uvae, Ov. 2. racemosus: c. grapes, r. uvae, Plin.: a c. flower, r. flos, Pita. clutch (»•): arrlpio, rlpui, reptam,

3 : V. TO SEIZE, SNATCH AT.

Clutches (subs): only in certain colloq. phr.: to escape out of any one's c, *alicujus manus effugere: to have any one in one's c, aliquem In sua potestate ac ditione tenere, Cic. (but less familiar than the Eng.): v. GRASP, POWER. clyster: 1. clyster, gris, ret.

(Gr. Khvorhp): to introduce by means of a c, per clysterem immittere, Suet.: to move the bowels by a c, alvum per c ducere, Scrib. (also simply, alvum ducere, Cels.): to employ a c, clysterlzo, 1: CoeL Aur. 2, lStio (pure Latin for 1): Cels. 3, clysterium, clysmus: Scrib. Coach: currus, carpentum, rheda,

etc: v. CARRIAGE, CHARIOT. Phr.: a

hacleney c, vehiculum meritorium (applicable to any hired conveyance). Suet: a stage-c, perhaps vehiculum publicum, Kr. ex A m m . Coachman : rhgdarius, auriga: v.

CHARIOTEER, DETVER. coadjutor: adjutor,auxTliator; min

ister, administer (the two latter implying inferiority): v. ASSISTANT.

Coagulate : cggo, coneresco (intr.) : cgagitlo (trans.): v. T O CURDLE. coagulation: cBaguiatio; Plin. coal: carbo, onis, m.: i. e. charcoal

(a. v.); but for ordinary language sufficiently precise: red-hot cs, c. candens, Cic.; c vivus (" live ft"), Petr. (i. q. prima, Virg.: PUn.) (N. B. Carbo is used in both sing, and pi. for " coals.") The modern coal may be more precisely rendered by carbo fossilis: small cs, carbunculi, Auct. ad Her. Prov.: to carry cs to Newcastle, in sUvam ligna ferre, Hor.; in litas arenas fundere, in mare fundere aquas, Ov. Coal-hole: *cella carbonaria. coal-merchant: qui negotium car-bonarinm exercet: Anr. Viet. (Carbo-naiius is strictly a charcoal-burner or seller.) COal-mine or pit; *fodIna carbgna-ria: v. MINE. coal-vessel or barge: navis, Unter carbonaria: v. COLLIER. K

coalesce: 1. csaiesco, aini, au-tum, 3 : toft readily (of the Trojans and Aborigines), facile c, Sail.; more fully, in unius populi corpus c, Liv.: a.double vowel is incapable of cing in one sound, subjecta sibi vocalis in unum sonum c. neqult, Quint: v. T O G R O W TOGETHER, COMRINE. 2, CggO : V. TO JOIN, UNITE.

coalition: 1. cgllio (usu. in bad sense, and nearly equiv. to tae legal sig-nif. of " conspiracy ").- a c qf the tribunes, c trlbunorum, Liv.: Cic 2, conjunctio: v. CONNEXION, ALLIANCE.

N.B. Not coalitio or coalitus; which are without good authority. coarse: I. Of fabrics, materials:

opp. to fine. 1, crassus: a c. thread, c filum, Cic.: a c. toga, c. toga, Hor. Fig.: a coarser jlftjse, as they call it, crassior, ut vocant, Musa, Quint. 2. rudis, e (of that which is unfinished or rough): ft cloth, r. textum, Ov. (But rudis lana is unwrought wool, not coarse: Ov.) Phr.: c. salt, sal popu-laris, Cato: c. bread, panis secundarrus (Suet), or cibarius (Cic). |j. Of man ners, language: rough, unpolished: I, incultus: v. UNCULTIVATED, R U D E . 2.

ilhbgralis, e: a c. lcind of jesting, Jo-candi U. genus, Cic: v. UN G E N T L E -M A N L Y . 3. lnhumanus: v.ILL-BRED.

4. infacetas or innc. (-wanting in art or grace): Cat. 5. obsoenus: Le. obscene: q. v. coarsely: 1. crassg (both lit.

and fig.; corresponding to the adj.: v. COARSE, 1): F1 g.: a poem c. or in

elegantly composed, poema c. illepideve compositam, Hor. 2. infacete or mfic. (without taste or grace): Suet.: PUn.: V. RUDELY, IMPOLITELY.

coarseness: I. L i t : opp. to fineness: crassltiido, Inis, /.: v. THICKNESS, and cf. C O A R S E (I). May often be

expressed by means of adj.: as, conspicuous for the c of his toga, *insignie propter togam crassiorem, etc ||, Of manners, language, unrefined: mores illiberales, inficeti: sermonis (jocandi) genus illiberale, inficetum, obscenum: v. COARSE.

Coast (subs.) : 1. ora: the c. of Greece, ora Graeciae, Cic: the sea c, 0. maritinia, Caes. 2. Utus or Iittus, bris, re..- v. SHORE. N.B. Ora denotes a coast simply as a bolder (q. v.); litus refers exclusively to the sea-coast. coast (v.): 1, lggo, legi, ledum,

3: he cs along the shore of Italy, navi-bus oram Italiae legit, Liv.: Ov. (cf. Virg. A. 2, 207, " pontum legere " ) . 2. praetervghor, vectus, 3 (with ace.): v. TO SArL BY Or PAST.

coasting (adj.): orarius: a coasting-vessel (coaster), navis 0., Plin. Ep. Phr.. c.-trade, *commercium quod per naves orarias fit: or perh. simply, commer-cium orarium. Coat (subs): |, The modern ar

ticle qf dress: as our "coats" were unknown in ancient times we can only use an approximation; as perh, tunica (v. TUNIC), or some such general term as vestimentum (In old English "coat" simply meant " garment ;'* cf. Dan. Hi. 21): v. also GREAT-COAT. ||, A coat of mail: 1. lorica (prop, one made of leather): encumbered with cs qf mail, graves Ioricis, Liv.: of linen: 1. lintea, Snet: 0/mailpnqper: Lconsertehamls, duplid squama, Virg. (the latter, of double plates). 2. thgrax, ads, /. : v. BREAST-PLATE. ID, A covering

(q. v.): esp. of the slcin (q. v.) of animals, tggumentum, pellis, villus, ace. to its nature. Phr.: the cs of an onion, garlic, etc., membranae, Plin.; in which sense cutis is also used: Plin.: v. COATING. |V. A coat of arms: insigne, insignia: v. A R M O R I A L BEARINGS. Coat (v) •' L e. to cover with a layei-or coating: Ullno, indueo: v. T O OVERLAY, C O V E R ; and foil, art Phr.: fl tongue c'd or furred over, lingua fun-gosa, PUn. coating °r coat (subs): 1. in-ductio: when tlie first c of lime lias begun to dry, let a second be laid on, 129

C O A X C O F F I N C O H E R E N T L Y

iiuum prima calcis In. siccari coeperit, Iterum inducatur. Pall. I, 15. 2. c5r-ium (esp. used of c.s of eaith, sand, plaster, etc.): to lay on one c. of sand and one of pulverised marble, unum c arenae et unum marmorls mlnuti lnduc-ere, PUn.: Vitr.: Pall. I. ft 3. ter-gus, gris, n. (only where the ref. Is to a c. of skin or membrane): the stomach consists of two c.s, ventriculns constat ex duobus t, Cels. 4,1. Coax: 1. muloeo, permulceo: v.

TO CARESS. 2. blandior, 4: childishly cing his father to be allowed to go with him to Spain, pueriliter blandiens (Hannibal) ut in Hispanlam duceretur, Liv.: Ov. 3. palpo, palpor, 1: v. T O W H E E D L E (prop, to stroke and pat, as a pet animal). Phr.: toea little cash out qf any one, blanditlis ab aUquo mini-muloram aliquid exprimere, Cic. coaxing (adj.): blandus: c. ereirea-

ties, b. preces, Tib.: PL Coaxing (subs): 1, blandlment-

u m (usu. In pi.): PL: Cic. 2. blan-ditiae, arum: tlie c. (winsome, coaxing ways) of women, mullebres b, Liv.: Cic 3. palpatio: PI. Men. 4, 2,42. coaxingly: blandg: to ask c, b.

petere, Cic.: PL cob: mannus©: Hor.: Ov. cobble: sarclo, rgsarcio: v. T O M E N D :

usu. in bad sense, infabre, inscite sar-cire. cobbler I sutor: PI.: Cic.: s. vetera-

mentarius, Suet. Vit. 2 (init): a c.'s stall, taberna sutrlna, Tac.; or sutrina alone, Plin. cobweb : 1. araneum (perh. not

found in sing.): to clear away c.s, aranea tollere, Phaedr.: PUn. 2. Sranei tgla: Apul. 3. aranea (strictly, like araneus, the spider itself): Ov.: Lucr. Phr.: thin cs, aranei tennia fila, Lucr.: to spin a net-like c, quasi rete texere, Cic N. D. 248, 123 : full of cs, or like cs, arangosus: Cat: PUn. cochineal: "coccus cacti, Linn.: the

classical coccum, used for scarlet dye, appears to have been procured from an insect found on a kind of oak (quercus coccifera, Linn.). COCk (subs.) : gallus: Cic.: Hor.:

also gallus galllnaceus, Cic. (The term gallus was also applicable to the reiato of birds of the Icind generally: Col. 8, 2, init.: with fef. to smaUer birds, as the sparrow, mas should be used in this sense: v. MALE.) Phr.: a game c, gallus rixosus: cf. Col. 8, 2, where the phrase "galltaaceus pyctes" seems to be facetious; as one might say "poultry-pugilist :" a c-fight, (gallorum) cer-tamen, pugna, ib.: the keeper or trainer of such birds, lanista avium rixosaram, ib. Phr.: he is c-a-hoqp, UU cristae surgunt, Juv.: *exsultat laetabundus: v. TO EXULT. Cock (v) •' chiefly ta certain phr.; as

to c. a pistol, a c.'d hat: for the former we might say, sclopeti malleolum (?)erig-ere; sclopetum ad telum emittendum parare; for the latter, perh. pUeus angu-laris oblongus. cockade: *insigne quod in pUeo fer-

tar: v. BADGE.

cockatoo : * psittScus cristatus: Linn. cockatrice: a fabulous Icind of ser-

pent: v. BASILISK. COCk-boat'! perh. scapha: v. BOAT. cock-chafer: *scarabaeus melo-

lontha. cock-fight, eock-fighter: v.COCK. COCkle: I. The plant: (?) aera,

IgUum: Plin. ||. The shellfish: (?) chama: Pita. COCk-loft: coenaculum: Juv.: v.

ATTIC, GARRET. COCkney: urbis amator, Hor.: ur

banus, PL: Liv.: v. CITIZEN. N.B.— Not oppidanus, which expressly excludes reference to the capital. Cockroach: (?) blatta: Vlrg.: Plin. COCkSCOmb : 1. crista: Juv.: Plin. 2. alectgrg'gphos, i,/.: PUn. COCOa: *faba Cacao. cocoa-nut: I. The tree: *cocos

nucifera; or palma indica nucifera, Linn. ||, The fruit: *nux palmae indicae. COCOon: ©glomus, Eris, re.: Lucr.:

Plin.: or perh. glgbulus, as gen. term. cod: *gadus morrhua: Linn. cod-fish-oil or cod-liver-oil: *mor-

rhuae gleum. code: codex, Ids, ret.: as in the de

signations, c. Justinianeus, c Theodosl-anus; but the word is unclassical. Except where definite cs, such as the above, are referred to, leges alone may be used: as, the decemviral ft of Hie Twelve tables, XII. tabularum leges, Liv. N.B.—Not corpus; unless the ref. is to an entire body of national law. codicil: cDdldlli, orum.: to direct or

order by a ft, codlcillis praescribere, Tac: to confirm a c. by a testament, codicillbs testamento confirmare. Pita. Ep.: to leave to any one by a c, dare aliquid per c, legare codlcillis, Digest. codify: leges digerere, componere,

Just. Inst. pref. COeliac: coellScus: Cato: Plin. coequal: aequaiis, e : v. EQUAL.

Coaequalis, at least in classical authors, signifies of the same age; Gr. ffhii. coerce: 1. cgerceo, 2: toea

dangerous citizen by punishments, snp-plicils civem pernlciosum c. Sail.: Cic.: v. T O RESTRAIN. 2. cogo, egggi, cbac-tum, 3: to c. (a person into doing a thing) by force and threats, vi ac minis c, Cic (foil, by inf. or by ut and subj): v. T O COMPEL. 3. comprlmo, reprimo; cbhlbeo, refraeno, etc.: all requiring to be defined by some such word as vi, poena, suppticiis, etc. coercion: 1. cgercltio: to use c,

c Inhibere, Liv. (who uses the word to indicate some legal punishment): Dig.

2. More usu. expr. by verb: as, / began to use ft, vi coepi cogere, Ter.: v. TO COERCE. coercive: perh. only in phr., c.

measures = coercion: q. v, COessential: consubstantialis, e :

Tert. coetaneous: v. CONTEMPORANEOUS. coeternal: 1. cgaeternus: Tert. 2, aequlternus: Claud. Mam.

coeval: 1. aequaUs, e: sacred rites c. with the city, and some of them even more ancient than its origin, sacra aequalla urbi (al. urbis), quaedam vet-ustiora origine urbis, Liv.: v. CONTEMPORARY. 2. cgaevus: Aug. (of the Eternal Word): Prud. coexistent: simul, uno tempore,

existens: v. TO EXIST. coextensive : expr. by verb: as,

" the six Indian seasons, each qf which is c with two signs " (Sir TV. Jones), *sex Ula tempora Indornm quorum un-umqnodque duorum signorum locum obtinet: pleasure and pain are ft, *vol-uptatis idem campus gyrusque est ac doloris. Coffee (plant): coffea Arabica: Linn.

For coffee as a drink, the same Latin may be used. Coffee-house : 0 thermgpolium (a

place for selling warm drinks): PI.: or simply dgversorium, taberna: v. INN, SHOP. coffee-pot: (?) nrna: v. URN, VASE:

or hirnea, hirniila, i.e. a pitcher, q. v. coffer: 1. area: v. B O X (where

syn. are given). 2, 15culi, orum, pi. (indicating the compartments in which different kinds of money were placed): to deposit cash in one's ft, n u m m u m in loculos demittere, Hor. 3. cista: to transfer from the public to one's private ft, ex fisco in c transferee, Cic.: v. TREASURY. coffin: 1. area (v. BO X ) : to carry

corpses (to the grave) in a mean c, cad-avera viii portare in a, Hor.: stone cs, lapideae a, Liv.: the lid qf a ft, arcac operculum, Liv. 2. lgciilus (?): PUn. 7, 16: where however the word may equally well denote a compartment of a vault. 3. saregphagus, i, m. (prop. the designation of a kind of stone used for coffins; "flesh consuming:" hence

in een. a tomb or a coffin): Juv, H B —It seems doubtful whether capnius' ever means coffin: v. BIER. cog (subs.): 1. e. the tooth qfa wheel:

dens, ntis, m. (appUc. to any projection of the kind): v. TOOTH. Cogged (adj.): Mentibus instructas

s. aptatus. cogency: v's,mBineatum:Y.ro-iCE,

WEIGHT. COgent: firmus, vBHdus, gravis: y.

FORCIBLE, WEIGHTY. cogently: P h r.: to argue c, argu

menta gravl, haud ienul, magno, hand dubio, ete, uti: v. FORCIBLY, OOKVIX-CINGLY. cogitate, cogitation, etc.: v. ME-

DITATE, THINK, etc cognate: cognates, conggngratus;

afi'111 is: V. KINDRED. cognition: cognitio: v. KSOW-

LEDGE. cognitive (only used as metapby!,

term): *quod ad rerum cognltionem pertinet: the ft faculty, *facultas quae rerum cognitionem exercet cognizance: 1. cognitio: v.

K N O W L E D G E : the ft (right to enquire into) and jurisdiction in my natter, alicujus rel c. et judicium, Cic: Augustus was the first to take e. of HbeU, primus A. cognitionem de libellis f»-mosis tractavlt, Suet. 2, Judicium, Jurisdictio: v. JURISDICTION. 3, quaestio (i. e. legitimate enquiry, (rial): wlien praetor he took e. cf casa of assassination, praetor quaestionem inter sica-rios exercuit, Cic Fin. 2,16, fin, (where the ref. is to one of the quaatima per-petuae of Sulla): it was decided by a decree of the senate that the consul should take c. qf the matter, decreta a senatu est consuli quaestio, Cic I. ft: v. TO ENQUIRE INTO. cognomen: cognomen, Inis, «.: v.

SURNAME, NAME. cohabit: 1. eg£o, H'-tocwitit

another man's wife, cum aliens uxore c. Quint: Ov. 2. consuesco, suevi, suetum, 3 (constr. same ascoeo): Cic: Nep. cohabitation: consugtado, Ms,/.

(both legitimate and Ulegltimate>: Ter.: Liv.: Suet. coheir, coheiress: &M»i *

c.: Cic.: Hor.: to appoint any one c. with another (I. e. with the heir), aliquem alicui coheredem dare: v.HEm. cohere: I. it.: cBhaereo, si,

Sum, 2 : V. TO STICK TOGETHER, ADHERE. ||. Fig.: to agree, be consistent

(q. v.): consentio, convgnio, conspire, cghaereo, ete. coherence, coherency: now med

only fig.; of the suitable connexion ol the parts of a system or discourse: 1.. contextas. Us: there is a wonderful c about their system (that of the Stofcs), mirabiUs est apud iUos c rerum, (at: v. CONNEXION. 2. perpgtBItas (|.e. unbroken connexion): to form an op-nion qf philosophers from their ft ow consistency, philosophos ex p. atque con-stantia spectare, Cic: ft of discourse,?-sermonis (J), Cic. de Or. 2, 54. »» (J™ p. sententiaram would express tie Bug-more precisely). 3. continuito:**" was no c. about his conversation, sei-moni ejus milia inerat sententlarumft: v. CONNEXION. 4t consensus, uswj

there is a marvellous ft (lit. -„• and concert between all branches V learning, mirus quidam omnium qu™ consensus doctrinarum concentusquere-peritar, Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 21: v. AGB** MENT. Phr.: there is a ft about oij these things, *cohaerent haec apte tm se; haec quasi consplrant et consenu-unt: v. T O AGREE, CORRESPOND. ,

coherent: Phr.: a c. sysMV doctrine, *doctrinae apte inter se com rentes, connexae (and see preced. «W' quarum pars nulla alteri discrepet: t-discourse, *sententiarum in sennonecoii tinuatio: v. CONSISTENT ; D"»HS,!?L. coherently: <»nstanter!

t,iitS

ENTLY. P h r.: to argue ft, *argome"" apte contexere; apto rerum conte«»

COHESION COLD CO LLAH

argumentari: to speak o, *sermone apte connexouti: v. INCOHERENTLY.

cohesion: cSbaerentla: Cic, cohesive: tgnax, ads: v. ADHESIVE. cohort: cghors, rtis, /. (the tenth

part qf a legion): Liv.: Cic: the prae-torianoT general's ft, praetoria c.Caes.: also sometimes=bani, troop, in a general sense: Virg.: Hor. coif: (?) calaurlca: v. BONNET. coil (subs): 1, spira: they (the

serpents) bind him fast in their huge cs, lmmensis Ugant s, Virg.: also of a ft of rope, Pacuv. in Fest 2. orbis, is, m. (poeLV. to drag huge cs along the ground (of the serpent), rapere im-niensos o. per humum, Vlrg. coil (v): 1. glgmgro, i (to gather

into a ball):. to c. wool up inballs, lanam g. in orbes, Ov. (but the verb usu. denotes simply to gather thick together).

2, consplro, i (fr. spira: rare): tlie snake cs itself up, anguls se c, Aur. Vict. Phr.: cing round his (Lao-coon's) neck with their scaly forms, coUo squamea circum terga dati, Virg. coin (subs): 1, nam us or num-

mus: cownteifeit ft, adulterini n, Cic. (esp. used of the sitoer coire, numns sestertius, the sesterce: also for money generally: q. v.) Dimin. numaius, a small coin: Cic. 2. stips, stlpis, /. (usu. a small c) : to fiing in gold and silver cs at laying the foundation of a building, injlcere fundamentis argenti aurique stipes, Tac H. 4, ;j (but stips is said to have meant originaUy a copper ft: cf. Ov. F. 2, 189): PUn. 3. nii-misma (Gr, vo/jiicrfia), atis, re.: Philips, royal c, PhlUppos, regale n, Hor.: Mart.: in later writers esp. of'foreign or rare coins; in which sense the word is used ta modem Latin: Eckhel, Doct Num. 4- mgneta: never used of a single coin: v. MON E Y . Phr.: to pay any one in his own ft, eum qui laeserit, simili multore, Phaedr. 1, lb: par pari (al. pro pari) referre, Ter. Eun. 3,1, 55. Coin ("•)•' I- Lit: of money: 1, dido, di, sum, 3: to ft silver,

argentum c, Ter.: to c leaden money, plumbeos numos c, PI. 2. signo, 1 (strictly to stamp): to c copper, silver, or gold by public authority, aes, argentum, aurumve publice s, liv.: by stips tliey meant c'd money, stipem dicebant pecuniam signatam, Fest; PUn. 3, fgrio, percussi, percnssum, fgrire (as we say to strike): to c asses qf one-sixth weight, asses sextantario pondere f, Plin.: Suet "Hinc ilia in veteribus numis et lapidibus, Triumvir A. A. A. F. F., i. e. anro, argento, aeri flando, feriwndo:" Fore s. v. Phr.: toe. bad money, monetam adulterinam exercere, dp. (implying to be in the practice of coining): or simply numos adulterinos cudere, ferire, signare: v. supr. ||. To invent (a story, etc): commlniscor, fingo: v. TO FARRICATE. Phr.: to ft

words, verba novare et facere, Cfc; verba fingere non prius audita, cf. Hor. A. P. jo: a word c'd in the mint qf today, i. e. of present or ready currency, signatam praesenti nota nomen, ib. 59. coinage, coining: I, The act or

practice of coining: res nnmaria: Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80 (but the phr. may also mean, " money matters r id. Verr. 4,6, 11). Phr.: a law respecting the ft, or against coining, lex numaria: v. Met. Ant s. v. falsum: the standard qf Hie c, aeraria ratio, Cic: to late the management qf thee, *anro, argento, aeri sig-nando, feriendo praeesse: v. T O COIN. (Cusio is found in late Latin; as in the phr. cusio monetalia, Cod. Imp.) ||, Money coined, *pecnnia publice signata (v. T O COIN, 2): or simply muni, mo-neta: v, MONEY, COIN. |||, irei rer tion: Phr.: fcoW in the c cf words, •audax in verbis novandis atque faden-dis: v. T O COIN (IL): '•this is the very c. qf yow brain" (Shak.), *mera ista commenta ac somnia sunt coincide: 1. compute, ivi, or vi, Itum, 3 (esp. of coincidence in point of time: with cum; dot.; or in and ace):

Hie calendar was in such a state qf confusion that the harvest holidays did not c. with the summer, fasti adeo turbati, ut messium feriae aestati non com-peterent, Snet. Caes. 40: (the event) c.d with the death of Otho, cum Othonis exitu competisse, Tac. H. 2, 50. 2. con-curro, curri, cursum, 3 (absol. or with cum): to ft accidentally (as ire the case qf dreams and their fulfilment), forte, temere c, Cic.: to ft with the truth, c cum veritate, TJlp.: v. T O CONCUR, AGREE. 3. congriio, Hi, 3 (absol. or with cum): they wish tlieir days and •months to c with the computation of the sun and moon, suos dies mensesque c. volunt cum solis lunaeque ratione, Cic.: points qf circumstantial evidence whicli c, causae quae in unum locum conve-uire atque inter se congruere viden-tur, Cic. Eosc. A m . 22, 62: v. T O AGREE. 4. conclno, consentio (to c ire opinion): v. TO AGREE. 5. inddo, cidi, 3 (to fall on or in with: q. v.): though their age cd with the dates of those I have mentioned, quorum quum aetas in eoram tempora, quos nominavi incidisset, Cic Or. 12, 59: to c. matlte-matically, *una in se incidere. coincidence: I. Accidental corre

spondence : concursatio: the ft of dreams, c. somnioram, Cic. But more usu. expr. by phr.: as, it is no mere c, non temere est or fit, PL: Ter. (v. aeddent): there is a remarkable c here! *mirabiUter haec congruunt 1 (cf. preced. art.) ||, Agreement (q. v.): ta opinion: consensus, consensu. Coincident: chiefly used of time:

to be c, in idem tempus incidere, com-pgtere, etc: v. T O COINCIDE.

Coined (as adj.): 1. signatus: v. T O const. 2. mfinetalis, e: c. gold, m. aurum, Apul. coiner: |. In good sense: 1.

monetarius: Aur. Vict: Eutr. 2. cusor: Cod. Just. 3. flatnrarins: Inscr. Aboard of three who had the superintendence of the coinage were called triumviri monetales; in Inscr. T. A A F. F.: v. T O com. ||. In bad sense: a coiner of bad money: para-charactes, ae, m. (prop, a false stamper): Cod. Imp. Usu. better expr. by dr-cuml.: as, is qui numos adulterinos endit; qui monetam adulterinam exer-cet: v. T O con*. coition: 1. egi tus, us: Ov.: Col.

2. concttbltus, iis: Cic. 3. con-Jnnctio: Cic Colander: cSlum: i. e. a siene or

strainer: q. v. Cold (adj.) : 1. fiigldus (the most

general word: applied to all degrees, from pleasant coolness to severe cold): a fountain c by day, warm by night, tons luce diurna f, at calidus nocturno tempore, Lucr.: c. water, aqua f, PL; also simply frigida, as subs.: CoL : Suet.: under the c. sky, sub Jove f, Hor.: also of things cold with age, death, etc.: c death, f. mors, Virg.: a c. shudder, f. horror, Virg. Fig.: too tame in speaking and almost ft, nimis lentus in dic-endo et paene f, Cic. (N.B. Frigidus as appUed to words and expressions is equivalent to our flat, dull: q. v.) Very ft, perfrigldus: Cie.: Cels.; also, praefrig-Idus; Ov,: Cels. To bee., frlgeo: Cic: Pers. Prov.: Venusisc.without Ceres and Bacchus, sine Cerere et Baccho Venus fxiget, Ter.: hence incept, frig-esco, frixi, 3: to become c, in both lit. and fig. sense: tlie hands and feet become c, f. manus pedesque, Tac: affection grows c, f. affectus. Quint: to grow e. after being hot, refngesco, 3: Cato: Lucr. 2. algldus (i. e. so cold as to beumcomfortabU: rare): Cat. To be ft or chilly, algeo, alsi, 2: to sweat and be ft, sudare et a, Hor.: incept. algesco, 3: to grow c, catch cold: Ter.: Plin. N.B. The part, algens is perh. more freq. used as adj. than algidus: Mart.: Plin. 3. gglldus (ice-cold): the (Junction qf) the Fibrenus makes the Liris much colder, Fibrenus Lirim muito gelidiorem facit, Cic (butg. flumen may

also mean a frozen river: Virg.): c. rocks, g. rapes, Virg.: esp. of things cold with age, fright, or death: blood c. with old age, g. senecta sanguis, Virg.: c. death, g. mors, Hor.: a c. shudder, g. horror, Ov.: Virg. Very c. indeed, prae-gglldus: Liv.: Plin. N.B. SgSXdus is also found; but as Its meaning fluctuates between cold (=gelldus), and with the coldness or chill taken off}" qui de summo gelu aliquid remisit," Fore), it is better avoided. Phr.: to give a thing c praise, maUgne laudare, Hor. cold, to be, become : frigeo, algeo;

frigesco, algesco, etc.: v. supr. (1,2.) COld (subs) : |, In gen. sense: .1. frlgus, gris, re. (the most gen.

term: v. also COOLNESS): tlie ft can hardly be escaped within doors, vix in ipsis tectis f. vitatur, Cic: to keep off c and heat, frigora caloresque pellere, Cic; also, frigorum vim pellere, Cic.: intolerable c, intolerabile f, Cic: to perish of ft, frigore mori, Hor. 2. algor, gris, m. (only of c. as pinching and disagreeable) : capable of enduring ft, patiens algoris, SaU.: to fortify the body against ft, corpus contra algores mnnire, Plin. (N.B. The pi. of frlgus and algor suggest repeated attacks of cold or frequent exposure.) 3. gglu, ns, re..- v. FROST.

||. A catarrh: 1. gravedo, Inis, /. (ire the head): Cic: Cels. Subject to such cs, gravedlnosus: Cic. 2. de-stiUatlo (with ref. to the running at Hie nose): to occasion cs, d. concitare, Cels.

3, perfrictio (a severe ft): Plin. Phr.: to catch c, perfrigesco, frixi, 3: Varr.: Cels. coldish: frigldulus, subfrigldus: v.

CHILLY.

' coldly: only used fig. of lameness and indifference: 1, iriglde: to do things ft, f. agere, Cic. 2, ggllde (stronger than 1): Hor. (N.B. Frigide when applied to language or invention, is flatly, dully, without taste: q. v.) Phr.: to praise ft, maligne laudare, Hor.: to act c in any matter, leniter, lente agere, Caes.: Cic: v. INDIFFERENTLY, COOLLY.

coldness: I. Lit: 1. Mgus, gris, re.: esp. in pi.: regions which suffer intolerably through tlie c. of their winters, loca quae frigoribus hiemis in-tolerabuiter horrent, Col. 1, 2: Hor.. v. COLD. 2. algor: v. COLD. 3,

gglu, us, re. (icy c): v. FROST. Fig. of

the c of death or age: Vlrg.: Lucan. If. Apathy, want of zeal: lentltudo,

or lemtudo; animus lentus, remissns: V. COOLNESS, INDIFFERENCE.

cole wort: brassica eruca: v. CABBAGE.

Colic: 1. tormina, um, re.: Cels.: Cic 2. colon or colum: PUn. In modern medical Latin *colIca is the word used. Subject to Hie ft, colicky, tormlhosus: Cic; collcus, Plin. collapse (»•)•' (in se) corruere, col-

iabi, concldere: v. T O PALL, P A L L

AWAY. Collapse (subs.): chiefly to phr.

where it may be expr. by verb: as, to be in a state of c, *penitus coUapsum esse: to suffer a sudden c, subito corruere, concidere, «tc.: v. FALL, RUIN.

Collar (subs): 1. colISre, is, re. (used of dog-collars, those employed/or making a prisoner fast, etc): PL: Varr. 2. mfinile, Is, re. (only ornamental, both of human beings and of animals): v. NECKLACE. 3, torques, is, m. and /..- a kind of ornamental chain: q. v. 4, biSJae, arum (for confinement): PL: Prud.: rardy in sing.: PL g. subJiSgium: i.e. a collar attached to (lie jugum or yoke; Vitr. 10, 3, 4: v. Diet Ant. s. v. jugum. (N.B. The word occurs in pi. only, and is prop, an adj., lora being understood: v. Cato, K. B. 63, ijj.) Phr.: to slip the c, 1. e. get free, *boJls s. vincuUs collum liberare; vincula rumpere: v. BONDS. collar (».).' chiefly colloq.: comprS-hendere; coUo prehensum.abripere: v. TO SEIZE. Hi

BILLIARDS BINDING BIRTH-DAY

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