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3. TITLE AND SUBTITLE (240)

Agriculture and rural development; 1980 functional review

4. PERSONAL AUTHORS (100)

Holdcroft, Lane; Doggett, Clinton; Krause, Stanley; McMillan, Wendell

5. CORPORATE AUTHORS (101)

AID/AFR/ DR/ARD

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1980 114p.I AFR338.I.H726

9. REFERENCE ORGANIZATION (130)

AFR/DR/ARD 10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES (500)

11. ABSTRACT (950)

12. DESCRIPTORS (920)

Agricultural aspects Productiorn RuralAfricadevelopme3nt

AfricaTYPE

Agricultural development Food

13. PROJECT NUMBER (150)

14. CONTRACT NO.(] 4)

AFR/ DR/ARD

16. TYPE OF DOCUMEN T (I6C)

15. CONTRACT(140)

AID 590-7 (10-79)

AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

1980 FUNCTIONAL REVIEW

Africa Bureau

Office of Development Resources

Agriculture and Rural Development Division

October 1980

PREFACE

This third annual ARD Functional Review was prepared by the staff of

the Agriculture and Rural Development Division of the Office of Development

Resources under the general direction of Lane Holdcroft. Major contribu­

tions were made by Clinton Doggett, Stanley Krause and Wendell McMillan.

ARD would also like to thank Robert Hudec of FM and Kris Wolter of DS/DIU

for computer retrieval assistance.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction 1

I1. Conceptual Frame~ork and Procedures 1

IlI. Trends in Sub-Saharan Agriculture 3

A. The Food Production Problem 3

B. Impacts on Income and Nutrition 8

IV. Analysis of the Africa Bureau's Investment Portfolio 12

A. Functional Profile 13

B. Food Production and Income Generation Profile 24

V. Implications for Bureau Strategy 28

A. Food Production 31

B. Consumption 34

C. Transportation and Communications 34

D. General Development 34

E. Food Production and Income Generation 35

VI. Recommended Course of Action 36

Appendix 1. Methodology

Appendix 2. Projects by Country and Regional Program

P~pendix 3. Expenditure Proportions by Country and Regional Program, FY 1977-81

I. Introduction

The annual ARD Functional Review is designed to provide ar overview,

in quantitative terms, of -he Africa Bureau's agricultural projects in the

rural sector of Africa. The year's analysis represents a departure from

the previous t'wo years in that, rather than limiting itself to agricultural

subject matter areas, it focuses on investment directed at achieving two

of the major goals of AID's assistance program as articulated hy the Africa

Bureau and most fieid missions: Increasing food production and rural icomes.

Given the importance of augmenting food supplies in the face of increasing

demand and declining production, this year's analysis has the added objec­

tive of establishing a reference point from which Bureau assistance

strategies for the rural sector may evolve.

More specifically, the purposes of the 1980 Functional Review are:

I.To develop a profile of all Africa Bureau projects to determine the

level of investment directed at increasing food production and rural income

in Africa, by year and by country, for the period FY 1977-81;

2. To identify investment trends by project category, i.e. agriculture

(including ron(oarch, pruducIon, mnrkotI Inq, otc.), health, educaItion, nutri­

tion, housing, enterprise promotion and manpower development, over the period;

3. To identify, within the category of agricultural development projects,

trends of investment that impact directly and indirectly on food production

and rural income over the period; and

4. To develop a refe-ence point from which a Bureau assistance strategies

for investment in the rural sector may evolve.

II.Conceptual Framework and Procedures

The conceptual framework guiding this analysis of Investment strategies

can bo summarized as follows.

2.

The bulk of AID's assistance to Africa't dovoloping nations is directed

at encouraging the rural development process. Rural development is defined

as the process by which the poor majority of ru,-al populations is assisted

in solving its problems of livelihood and hence improving its standard of

living on a self-sustaining basis. This process of rural development recog­

nizes the creation of disequilibrium through changes in institutions, tech­

nology and people, and it includes three major aspects--raising levels ot

output and living, increasing participation of the rural poor, and making

the process self-sustaining.

In looking at AID's assistance programs and projects in Africa, three

broad categories of rural development programs can be identified: produc+ion

programs (including research and distribution), and consumptlon programs of

two types, namely social services and social welfare. The development

model most widely accepted at present dictates that investment, both public and

private, in production programs (as defined above) provides the basis for

increased tax collection by host country governments, which In turn finances

the bulk of consumption programs, both of the sc.clal services and social

welfare nature. The increased investment in social services by host countries,

with external donor assistance, of course feeds back into increasing produc­

tion. Social services programs (i.e. education, health, family planning, etc.)

over the long term are considered essential to sustaining improvement in

levels of living. There is ample evidence to SLipport the thesis that Invest­

ment in social services as compared to social welfare proC;-ams (i.e. grant

food assistance) ismuch more efficient in terms; of sustaining improved levels

of living.

The methodology used in the Functional Review, as detailed in Appendix 1,

includes (a) definition of the universe, (b) data sources, (c) categorization

3.

of projects and (d) illustrative project titles for each category. Briefly,

the main steps included compilation of project expenditure data contained

inprintouts from Financial Management and in the Bureau's 1982 Annual Budget

Submission; categorization of the projects by functional areas; and calcu­

lation of investment levels and trends by categories over the five-year

period FY 1977-81.

Following an examination of current trends in Sub-Saharan agriculture,

particularly with regard to problems of food production and rural incomes,

the findings from the analysis of the Bureau's investment profile are pre­

sented. The concluding sections discuss implications of the analysis for

future Bureau assistance strategy, and recommended courses of action.

Ill. Trends in Sub-Saharan Agriculture

A. The Food Production Problem I­

Sub-Saharan Africa is the only region in the world where per capita

food production declined over the past two decades. A few countries im­

proved on the recird of the early sixties; most, however, showed moderate

to severe declines (Table 1). In 1978, per capita food production in

Angola, Benin, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Senegal, Sierra Leone,

Uganda and Upper Volta was less than 90 percent of the 1961-65 average.

Declining per capita food production exacts a high price in both

human and economic terms. The human price is inadequate nutrition, the

most basic measure of which is caloric intake. Inmost sub-Saharan

countries, per capita calorie intake falls below minimal nutritional stan­

dards (Table 2). Even if the total food available were distributed equally

I/This section represents a condensation of a portion of the "Overview" chapter of Food Problems and Prospects in Sub-Saharan Africa, USDA, September 1980, pp. 1-11.

4.

Index of Food Production Per Capita: Sub-Saharan Africa

120

1 1 5 - - 6%

,,0 L

110 - / Asia

/ 10 x/ I, / .\t\ I

105 / ~ *j'X \ /

°.. \ /

100 """°° ° S.. / S~

/95" Latin America /

95

90 Sub-Saharan Africa 90

85

80

75 IJ

1961- 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 65 Avg.

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Problems and Prospects in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Decade of the 1980s, p. 2.

Table 1--ldices of per capita food production. Sub-Saharan Africa, 1970-79

Region and ,country

1970 1971 : 1972 1973 1974 : 1975 1976 1977 : 1978 : 19791/

1961-65-100

Sahel: Hali Niger Senegal Upper Volta

* 84 104 64 76

86 109 87 70

65 105 56 66

67 66 68 58

86 91 90 72

88 76

1flO 76

97 103 87 74

82 92 59 67

105 106 88 69-

75 85­68 67

West Africa; Benin Co"roon ;hana Cuinaa Ivory Coast Liberia Nigeria Sierra Leone Togo

:

92 97 99 107 107 81 95 93 108

89 102 93 110 113 84 93 98 103

88 97 31 109 105 84 95 96 102

93 93 87 108 109 91 87 95 96

89 97 8 98 120 100 90 92 98

24 96 75 94 142 94 89 96 96

85 97 74

101 129 96 88 92 97

58 96 71 93 125 98 86 95 9J

89 97 68 ­

102 128 96 84 07 97

82­97 -70

101 -

IJ2 -97­84" 82 "

96­

t:entral Africa: Angola Zaire *

104 119

95 109

88 106

5 112

92 107

72 105

65 106

58 103

53 97

51. 97 -

East Africa: Burundhi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Sedan Tanzdia Uganda

*

: *

1t7 99 96 123 110 102 95

119 99 94 122 115 104 92

119 91 99 115 107 100 87

117 87 97 118 101 101 82

98 84 96 112 114 114

79

113 67 102 121 125 117 81

110 63 113 119 122 99 77

109 58

117 121 123 98 73

108 52-

'Fit 119 129 100

76-

109" 54

110­119­123­105

68

Southern Africa; Madagascar Malawi Zambia Zimbabwe

.

: :

108 96 95 79

107 108 117 93

107 118 132 103

98 109 110 78

ii2 110 135 102

105 97 139 92

105 101 153 88

107 95 142 86

i0e 96

128 83

99" 90" 104­69

Source: U.S. Dept. Agri, Ecoma., Stat., Coop. Service, Indices of Agricultural Production. 1976-7%. I/ Preliminary

%-n

6.

and efficiently, there would not be enough to give everyone an adequate

diet. In the 18 countries where per capita calorie availability is less

than 90 percent of minimal requirements, serious nutritional problems

are unavoidable.

selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1977 Table 2-Calories per capita,

:: Percentage ofPercentaea of :: Region and urioa: nutritional :: Reioncounryand :: nutritional

countrY requirements I, o:rrequirements

PercentPercent ::

Sahel: ::Central Africa-Con. 103 Chad . 74 :: Congo :: 103

Gambia - :: Equatorial Guinea : : : 90 GabonMali

Mauritania . 86 :: Zaire Nig: . 91 :

-Wega.l : 95 ::Cast Africa: 97 Upper Volta . 79 Burundi

Z 75Ethiopia :: Kenya :: 88

West Africa: : 9R :: Rvanda :: 98

Benin : 89 :: Somalia :8: 8

Caeroon SudanGhana : 86 ::

93 . 84 :: TanzaniaGuinea 91- :: Uganda :Guinea-Bissau

Ivory Coast : 105

Liberia . 104 ::Southern Africa: Nigeria 83 :: Botswana :: ­

93 :: Lesotho :: 99Sierra Leone 9n :: adagscar • 115

Togo .

Malawi :: 90

Central Africa: . :: Mozambique : 81 Zambia :: 87

Angola :: 108: :: ZiababveCentral African

Republic . 99

Source: World Bank, World Development .Lvort, 1980.

Declining per capita food production coupled with chronically

inadequate calorie intake means there is little margin for human error or

natural disaster. Drought, political turmoil or errors in policy can pro­

duce major food crises which threaten many with starvation. Famines in

the Sahel and Eastern Africa over the past decade make this all too obvious.

If the historical pattern of food production continues, responding to emer­

gencies will take a larger share of the financial resources of both African

7.

countries and International food aid programs.

The major economic price of inadequate food production is a rising

import bill. Other effects are felt throughout African economies. Govern­

ments in Sub-Saharan Africa have responed to inadequate domestic food pro­

duction by increasing imports. During the sixties, grain imports Imposed

little financial hardship. While the volume of imports doubled, the cost

rose by only 50 percent. Stable, low grain prices combined with concessional

sales made imports a cheap and relatively secure way of meeting growing urban

demand. In the seventies, however, the situation changed dramatically. The

cost of sub-Saharan Africa's cereal imports In 1978 was double that of 1970.

The food situation just described would be serious in almost any io-er­

national economic environment. It is particularly ominous now, however,

since many African countries have been experiencing severe balance of payments

problems as a result of recent international economic changes. African

countries are usual ly exporters of primary commodities. Even the largest of

the foreign exchange earners depend on a few unprocessed products. With the

exception of oil, these commodities' prices have not kept pace with the

increased cost of key imports. Short-lived booms in coffee, sugar and copper

temporarily bousted some countries' earnings but have not offset the rising

cc.st of imports. Hence, the balance of trade for sub-Saharan Africa (exclud­

ing Nigeria) moved from a small surplus in 1970 to a massive defecit in 1976.

Financing food imports is more difficult not only because real grain

prices are higher, but also because other imports such as petroleum and indus­

trial goods are much more costly. In addition, sub-Saharan countries may

have to compete for food supplies in tighter, less stable global markets.

Global cereal markets, once characterized by assured supplies for commercial

and concessional sales, are in a state of transition. Several forces are at

8.

work.

First, commercial demand for grain Imports Is increasing among middle

income LDCs, as well as in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Second,

some experts now 1hink U.S. agriculture is in a state of "rough equilibrium",

without the chronic surplus capacity which characterized the last several

decades. Third, financial conditions in the major industrial countries

limit the growth of aid. Finially, another shift in global markets is pos­

sible if major grain producing countries find it politically and economically

attractive to generate a portion of their energy requirements from foodstuffs.

Virtually all attempts to project Africa's import requirements conclude

that unless there are major changes in domestic production trends, the situ­

ation will become much worse during the 1980s. Ifdomestic production trends

conrinue, Africa's demand for food imports will be two to three times Its

present level by 1990, even without significant income growth. However, for

some African countries, even maintaining per capita income at 1975 levels

may be an optimistic scenario. Based On 1974-79 trends, real per capita

income is projected to decline in both the Sahel and southern Africa, while

West Africa (primarily Nigeria) would experience strong real income growth.

Under these conditions, the import demand for food in sub.-Saharan Africa

would rise to 21.1 million tons (wheat equivalent). However, West Africa

would account for 86 percent of the import demand. Because growth is concen­

trated in West Africa, even this dramatic increase in paying demand does

little to reduce the calorie gap, which now amounts to 10.1 million tons.

Without major efforts to supploment comrmorclal purchases, diets would remain

inadequate in the Sahel, Central and East Africa.

B. Impacts on Incomes and Nutrition

Sub-Saharan Africa is in economic distress and this distress is generally

9.

most severe in rural areas. Viewed another way, the economic distress

tends to be rooted in poor performance in food and other agricultural pro­

duction, since most of the rural people derive their entire or primary

income from agriculture. The poor performance in food production trans­

lates into lack of adequate food for many people, including farmers them­

selves.

While the purposes of this Functional Review do not include inter­

sectoral macro-economic analysis, it is noted that the recent World Devel­

opment Raport indicates growth of per capita GNP of only 0.2 percent from

1970 to 1980 for low-income oil-importing countries of sub-Saheran Africa.1/

The comparable figuro for middlo-incomo oil-Importers was 0.9 percent.

This poor record of income growth is projected to continue in the

1980s, as is indicated in Table 3. The "low" and "high" case represent

Table 3. Growth of Gross National Product Per Person in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1970-1990.

Average Annual Percentage Growth Populatior Low Case High Case

1980 1970 1980 1985* 1980 1985 Country Group (millions) -80 -85 -90 -85 -90 Low-Income Oil Importers 141 0.2 -0.3 0.1 1.10.1

Middle-Income Dil Importers 125 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.4

Source: World Bank, World Development Report, August 1980. Table 2.8, p. 11.

alternative projections of the severity of impact of higher energy costs,

petterns of policy response, and degree of success of those responses. The

"low" case may result in a reduction of per capita GNP by 0.3 percent annu­

ally from 1980-85 in the low-income oil-importing countries, rising to a

growth rate of only 1.0 percent annually from 1985-90. The "high" case

requires a series of policy adjustments, and fair success from them. The

I/ World Bank, World Development Report, August 1980, Table 2.8.

10.

pic-ure is moderately brighter for the middle-income countries. Unfortun­

ately, the World Bank presentaion does not allow identification of the

countries in each group, except that Angola, Congo, Gabon, Nigeria and

Zaire are identified as oil-exporters.

USDA employed a series of projections in its recent analysis that

were largely still less favorable, particularly for the Sahel and south­

ern Africa./

The past and projected poor performance of agricultural production

is central to the aggregate economic picture. Most of the population is

rural, and indeed depend directly on agriculture for their principal

iicome. Agricultural output per worker is low and displays slow growth.

In these circumstances nutrition levels are low, purshasing power for

food and other goods is low, and the capacity to support public services

for health, education etc. is low or non-existent. The following para­

graphs provide some supporting data for these statements.

The World Bank report provides data on the labor force in agriculture.

Eighty percent or more were in agriculture in 16 of the 25 low-income oil­

importing countries listed in sub-Saharan Africa in 1978, and sixty percent

or morn in five of the eight middle-income countries.

The proportion of gross domestic product derived from agriculture

is substantial but much lower than the labor force in agriculture, reflecting

low incomes of farmers and incompleteness of national accounts data. World

Bank reports that 40 percent or more of GDP was derived from agriculture in

13 of the 25 low-income oil-importing countries, and at least 30 percent in

12 of the 20 remaining low and middle-income countries tabulated.

These data imply a very large discrepancy between income from agriculture

1/ USDA, op. cit., Appendix Table 6, p. 397.

and that from other sources. Three primary factors are involved: (1) in­

comes of agricultural workers are low, (2) national accounts data for

subsistenc food production and associated non-agricultural output for

auto-consumption are notoriously incomplete, and (3) agricultural workers

nearly always produce other products (monetary or implied forms of income)

than iood. Nevertheless, the extent of the implied difference of

income is worth noting. The data suggest agricultural incomes less than

20 percent those inother sectors in 18 of 33 countries, and at least

40 percent in only five! Some of the sharpest contrasts are in the Sahel

and in Lesotho. The relatively best agricultural incomes were in Benin,

Ghana, Nigeria, Angola and Mozambique.

The Dreceeding omitted two significant rural items: fish, which also

is food, and fuelwood. Wood is a product of rural people and land

resources comparable to those used for food production. Wood gathering

is a task that occupies a substantial and growing amount of time of som

rural people, and wood is becoming very expensive for many who must buy

it. Inthese and other ways, wood production, gathering, transportation,

and commerce is becoming increasingly significant. Similar statements

can be made for non-commercial fishing.

"In some parts of the world, undernutrition is primarily a distribu­

tion problem. This is, in general, not true for Africa; inadequate nutri­

tion is both a production and distribution problem. Aggregate supplies

are inadequate--even assuming totally egalitarian distribution. Further­

more, much of the inequality in income which exists reflects urban-rural

differences." I/ The USDA report goes on to review the state of knowledge

of nutrition levels, food consumption patterns, and results of inadequate

nutrition in Africa. Estimates of FAO and World Bank of the aggregate

I/ USDA, op. cit., pp. 49-50.

9

12.

position!, are cited. Aqgreqato food suplio!i wore about 10 percent less than I/

minimal requirements in 1975 (World Bank) and in 1976 (FAO).- The number

of underfed people has been growing. Various analysts estimate a country

requires an aggregate of 10 percent more calories than minimum nutritional

requirements of the population, in order to expect to meet to meet inevitable

distribution requirements to satisfy higher-income people. Thus, _n overall

availability of 90 percent of overall minimum needs, mathematically, probably

represents an overall deficiency of 20 percent from the 110 percent needed on

a practical basis.

These data provide a general view of the basic relationships between

agricultural productivity, trends in food production, the primary role of agri­

culture, income levels, and general levels of nutrition. The critical need to

improve performance in agricultural production is evident.

IV.Analysis of the Africa Bureau's Investment Portfolio, FY 1977-81

Examination of the Bureau's investment (project) portfolio included three

major aspects: (1)An analysis of the "profile" over time of the Africa Bureau's

project portfolio based on major functional categories; (2) An analysis over

time of the degree to which projects in the portfolio addressed the problems

of augmenting food production; (3) An analysis over time of the degree to which

projects in the portfolio addressed the problems of enhancing income-generating

activities. The three separate analyses are presented individually below.

1/ USDA, op. cit., p. 49.

13.

A. Functional Profile

Table 4 lays out the Bureau's portfolio profile in terms of expendi­

tures, both in absolute amounts and as a percentage of each year's total,

for each of the four major functional areas of Production, Consumption,

Transportation and Communications, and General Development. (Note: All

dollar figures presented in this analysis are in O00s). A glance at these

Table 4. Expenditure by Functional Category (in $O00s)

FY 77 FY 78 FY 79 FY 80 FY 81

Production 50,238 84,838 95,536 193,189 287,216 294 Projects 43.2% 54.3% 53.5% 59.7% 60.5%

Consumption 23,440 30,304 31,835 69,783 87,438 147 Projects 20.2% 19.4% 17.8% 21.6% 18.4%

Transptn & Comm's 23,553 17,546 27,213 17,292 26,388 49 Projects 20.3% 11.2% 15.2% 5.3% 5.6%

General Development 18,949 23,629 23,884 43,112 73,839 80 Projects 16.3% 15.1% 13.4% 13.3% 15.5%

TOTAL $116,180 $156,317 $178,468 $323,376 $474,881 570 Projects (100%) (100%) (100%) (100%) (100%)

figures reveals that (1) Production-oriented projects have steadily increased

as a percentage of total expenditure for each year; Consumption-oriented

projects have remained at around the level of 20 percent, with slight vari­

ation in either direction for each year; (3) Transportation and Communica­

cations has declined significantly as a proportion of annual expenditure;

and (4) General Development has consistently remained at about 15 percent of

each year's expenditure. A more detailed breakdown of expenditure propor­

tions by functional category and sub-category is presented in Table 5.

1. Production

Within this functional area are the categories Production-Food (PF),

Table 5.

Africa Bureau Portfolio Trend Analysis: Breakdown of Expenditure by Functional Category (in $000s)

I. Production-Food

General Agriculture 68 Projects

Physical Inputs 10 Projects

Crops 22 Projects

Crop Storage & Protection 12 Projects

Fish 8 Projects

Livestock/Range Management 26 Projects

Agricultural Marketing 3 Projects

Institutions/Manpower Development II Projects

Agricultural Education/Training 14 Projects

Agricultural Research/Extension 26 Projects

Agricultural Credit 7 Projects

FY 77

10,190 8.8%

9,827 8.5%

6,778 5.8%

1,188 1.0%

69 0.1%

10,044 8.6%

277 0.2%

990 0.9%

276 0.2%

1,342 1.2%

1,047 0.9%

FY 78

13,103 8.A%

28,513 18.2%

IC,545 6.7%

1,634 1.0%

51

11,461 7.3%

116 0.1%

2,199 1.4%

2,458 1.6%

2,410 1.5%

2,697 1.7%

FY 79

30,690 17.2%

6,742 3.8%

11,304 6.3%

2,818 1.6%

60 -

15,398 8.6%

87 -

2,647 1.5%

5,397 3.0%

2,758 1.5%

688 0.4%

FY 80 FY 81

47,587 91,601 14.7% 19.3%

22,649 16,425 7.0% 3.5%

10,913 11,242 3.4% 2.4%

3,652 9,934 1.1% 2.1%

370 2,125 0.1% 0.4%

15,208 17,044 4.7% 3.6%

- 985 - 0.2%

5,428 9,439 1.7% 2.0%

14,210 17,088 4.4% 3.6%

23,458 30,742 7.3% 6.5%

800 1,050 0.2% 0.2%

Table 5 (Cont'd)

Agricultural Planning II Projects

Subtotal 218 Projects

II. Production-Nonfood

Human Resources 5 Projects

Industry/Enterprise Promotion II Projects

Credit 2 Projects

Subtotal l8 Projects

Ill. Production-Mixed

Natural Resources & Energy 42 Projects

Commodity Import 2 Projects

Credit 4 Projects

Miscellaneous 10 Projects

FY 77

774 0.7%

(42,802) (36.8%)

-

2,377 2.0%

3,046 2.6%

(5,423) (4.7%)

1,871 1.6%

--

142 0.1%

-

FY 78

1,179 0.8%

(76,366) (48.9%)

-

2,507 1.6%

1,267 0.8%

(3,774) (2.4%)

4,215 2.7%

--

212 0.1%

271 0.2%

FY 79

1,427 0.8%

(80,016) (44.8%)

40 -

1,885 !.1%

2,560 1.4%

(4,485) (2.5%)

6,720 3.8%

--

195 0.1%

4,120 2.3%

FY 80 FY 81

2,329 5,174 0.7% 1.1%

(146,604) (212,849) (45.3%) (44.8%)

1,965 4,000 0.6% 0.8%

4,945 5,173 1.5% 1.1%

100 200 - -

(7,010) (9,373) (2.2%) (2.0%)

12,888 27,844 4.0% 5.9%

19,600 30,000 6.1% 6.3%

980 1,526 0.3% 0.3%

6,107 5,624 1.9% 1.2%

Table 5 (Cont'd)

Sub-Total 58 Projects

IV. Consumption-Services

General Education 32 Projects

Health & Population 79 Projects

Potable Water II Projects

Sub-Total 122 Projects

V. Consumption-Welfare

Disaster/Refugee Assistance 13 Projects

Shelter 9 Projects

Food Distribution 3 Projects

Sub-Total 25 Projects

VI. Transportation & Communications

Sector & Miscellaneous 6 Projects

FY 77

(2,013) (1.7%)

5,708 4.9%

;5,840 13.6%

206 0.2%

(21,754) (18.7%)

1,060 0.9%

55 -

571 0.5%

(1,686) (1.5%)

1,447 1.2%

FY 78

(4,698) (3.0%)

12,091 7.7%

15,521 9.9%

576 0.4%

(28,188) (18.0%)

836 0.5%

343 0.2%

937 0.6%

(2.116) (1.4%)

1,626 1.0%

FY 79

(11,035) (6.2%)

!O,591 5.9%

18,458 10.3%

504 0.3%

(29,553) (16.6%)

956 0.5%

282 0.2%

1,044 0.6%

(2,282) (1.3%)

84 -

FY 80 FY 81

(39,575) (64,994) (12.2%) (13.7%)

16,523 11,391 5.!% 2.4%

27,853 51,539 8.6% 10.9%

6,462 12,779 2.0% 2.7%

(50,838) (75,709) (15.7%) (15.9%)

16,893 10,245 5.2% 2.2%

2,023 1,484 0.6% 0.3%

29 ­-

(18,945) (11,729) (5.9%) (2.5%)

3,726 1,050 1.2% 0.2%

Table 5 (Cont'd) FY 77 FY 78 FY 79 FY 80 FY 81

Roads 34 Projects

-,806 11.9%

11,138 7.1%

17,421 9.8%

13,566 4.2%

25,338 5.3%

Railroads i Project

--

--

4,717 2.6%

--

--

Telecommunications 4 Projects

3,363 2.9%

2,960 1.9%

1,624 0.9%

--

--

Airports 673 - 415 - -2 Projects 0.6% - 0.2% - -

Bridge & Port Construction 2 Projects

4,264 3.7%

1,822 1.2%

2,952 1.7%

--

--

Sub-Total 43 Projects

(23,553) (20.3%)

(17,546) (11.2%)

(27,213) (15.2%)

(17,292) (5.3%)

(26,388) (5.6%)

VII. General Development

Miscellaneous 50 Projects

14,925 12.8%

18,349 11.7%

16,816

9.4% 28,675

8.9% 49,916

10.5% Research & Training 6 Projects

1,834 1.6%

639 0.4%

356 0.2%

879 0.3%

1,414 0.3%

Manpower Development 17 Projects

1,139 1.0%

3,313 2.1%

6,066 3.4%

13,438 4.2%

22,359 4.7%

Communi+y Development 3 Projects -

5 228 0.1%

425 0.2%

120 -

-

Public Administration 4 Projects

1,046 0.9%

1,100 0.7%

221 0.1%

- 150

Sub-Total 80 Projects

(18,949) (16.3%)

(23,629) (15.1%)

(23,884) (13.4%)

(43,112) (13.3%)

(73,839) (15.5%)

GRAND TOTAL: 570 Projects $116,180 $156,317 $178,468 $323,376 $474,831 (100%) (100%) (100%) (100%) (100%)

18.

lroduction-Nonfood (PN) and Production-Mixed (PM). Following an analysis

of these three categories, immediately following, a breakdown for the PF

category, which is of special interest to the ARD Functional Review, will

be provided.

Table 6 summarizes the portfolio trends with respect to the three

major categories within the functional area of production: PF, PN and PM.

Table 6. Breakdown of Production (in $O00s)

FY 77 FY 78 FY 79 FY 80 FY 81

Production-Food 42,802 76,366 80,016 146,604 212,849

Production-Nonfood 5,423 3,774 4,485 7,010 9,373

Production-Mixed 2,013 4,698 11,035 39,575 64,994

All Others 65,942 71,79 82932 130187 187,665

TOTAL $116,180 $156,317 $178,468 $323,376 $474,881

From the data it is apparent that (1) PF has increased as a percentage of

the total yearly expenditure, from 36.8 percent in FY 77 to 44.8 percent in

FY 81, although down from a high of 48.9 percent in FY 78; (2) PN has

declined, from 4.7 percent in FY 77 to 2.0 percent in FY 81; and (3) PM has

incrnsod., from 1.7 porcnt In lY 77 lo 1").7 percent in FY 81. (Note: The

large jump in PM for fiscal years 80 and 81 Is largely accounted for by

two commodity import programs in Sudan Totalling $19,975 and $30,000 respec­

lively. Ommitting these two items from the analysis altogether, the PM

proportions would have been 6.6 percent in FY 80 and 7.9 percent in FY 81.

These figures would still represent a significant growth rate for this

category, however, reflecting the increases in the sub-category under PM

called "Natural Resources and Energy," which by itself increased from 1.6

percent in FY 77 to 5.9 percent in FY 81.)

19.

IProductIon-l od (I)

The analysis of the PF category is based on the PF sub-categories

expressed as a proportion of expenditure for all categories (i.e. PF +

PN + PM + CS + CW + TC + GD). Table 5 provides a breakdown of the propor­

tions spent in each category and sub-category, including sub-totals for

the former, for each fiscal year, including those for PF. Looking at the

PF category in relation to each year's total for all categories, the fol­

lowing observations on PF sub-categories are offered.

General Agriculture (68 projects), which Includes sector support, inte­grated rural development and projects c itting across two or more sub­categories under PF, has increased from 3.8% in FY 77 to 19.3% in FY 81;

Physical Inputs (10 projects) has declined from 8.5% inin FY 77 to 3.5% in FY 81 after an initial rise to 18.2% in FY 78;

Crops (22 projects), rising from 5.8% in FY 77 to 6.7% in FY 78, has since declined to 2.4% in FY 81; Crop Storage ano Protection (12 projects) has increased from 1.0% in FY 77

to 2.1% in FY 81;

Fish (8 projects) has remained consistently under 0.5%;

Livestock and Range Management (26 projects) has declined from 8.6% in FY 77 to 3.6% in FY 81;

Agricultural Marketinq (3 projects) has remained consistently at or under 0.2%;

Institutions/Manpower Development (11 projects) has increased modestly from 0.9% in FY 77 to 2.0% in FY 81;

Agricultural Education and Training (14 projects) has steadily increased,from 0.2% in FY 77 to 3.6% in FY 81, although down from a high of 4.4% in FY 80;

Agricultural Research and Extension (26 projects) has increased dramatically,from 1.2% in FY 77 to 6.5% in FY 81, although also down from FY 80 when it constituted 7.3% of the total;

Agricultural Credit (7 projects) rose from 0.9% in FY 77 to 1.7% in FY 78 and has since declined to 0.2% in FY 81; and

Agricultural Planning (11 projects) has increased very modestly, from 0.7% in FY 77 to 1.1% in FY 81.

20.

Inassessing investment trends of the PF sub-categories it must be

borne in mind that projects cutting across two or more sub-categories were

entered under the "General Agriculture" sub-category. An example of such

a project would be "Crop Production and Marketing" (Botswana, -0056).

With this important clarification in mind, conclusions are presented below

on expenditure trends for the various PF sub-categories. A listing of

specific projects under each PF sub-category, including General Agriculture,

is offered as Appendix 2 to this study.

a. Significant increases In expenditure as a proportion of each

year's total were noted for i) General Agriculture, (ii)Agricultural

Education and Training, and (iii) Agricultural Research and Training.

b. Significant decreases inexpenditure as a proportion of each

year's total were noted for i) Physical Inputs, (ii)Crops and (iii) Live­

stock and Range Management.

c. PF sub-catogorios consistontly representing less than 2.5 per­

cent of each year's total expenditure were (i)Crop Storage and Protection,

(ii)Fish, (iii) Agricultural Marketing, (iv)Agricultural Institutions/

Manpower Development, (v) Agricultural Credit and (vi) Agricultural Planning.

d. Within the PF category itself (i.e. taking PF expenditures as

representing 100 percent of total expenditure for each fiscal year) it is

apparent that, with the exception of Crops and Livestock/Range Management,

simi lar patiorn; 2morqe whether one takos the PF category as representing

100 percent of expenditure for each year or whether one takes as 100 ?ercent

for each year the sum total of all categories (i.e. PF + PN + PM + CS + CW +

GD). Using the former mode of analysis, Crops declined by a factor of 3

(as oppsed to 2 under the latter) and Livestock/Range Management declined by

a factor of 3 (as opposed to about 2.5 in the latter).

21.

Production-Nonfood (PN)

Within this category are the sub-categories of Human Resources,

Industry/Enterprise Promotion, and Credit. The following observations

on PN sub-categories,are offered.

Human Resources (5 projects) has increased from zero percent of total expenditure to 0.8% in FY 81;

Industry/Enterprise Promotion (11 projects) has declined from 2.0% in FY 77 to 1.1% in FY 81; and

Credit (2 projects) has declined from 2.6% in FY 77 to zero percent in FY 81.

Production-Mixed (PM)

Within this category are the sub-categories Natural Resources and

Energ,, Commodity Import, Credit and Miscellaneous. The following obser­

vations on PM sub-categorles are offered.

Natural Resources and Energy (42 projects) has steadily increased as a proportion of annual expenditure, from 1.6% in FY 77 to 5.9% in FY 81;

Commodity Import (2 projects, both in Sudan) has increased from zero per­

cent in FY 77 to 6.1% in FY 80 and 6.3% in FY 81;

Credit (4 projects) has increased from 0.1% in FY 77 to 0.3% in FY 81; and

Miscellaneous (10 projects) rose to 2.3% in FY 79 and has declined to 1.2% in FY 81.

2. Consumption

Within this functional area are the categories of Consumption-Services

(CS), comprising projects aimed at enhancing or enabling the provision of

government or quasi-government services such as health delivery and educa­

tion, and Consumption-Welfare (CW), containing projects aimed at "welfare"

functions of governments such as free food distribution and the provision

22.

of Iow-incomo ihol Ior. lokon tojothtir, tho!se two cdtoqUrles have averaged

about 20 percent of expenditure for each of the fiscal years 1977-81.

Consumption-Services (CS)

Containing the bulk of expenditure for the "Consumption" functional

area, this category includes the sub-categories of General Education,

Health and Population, and Potable Water, for a total of 122 projects

active at some point during the period. The following observations on

trends for each sub-category are offered.

General Education (32 projects) represented 4.9% of expenditure in FY 77, rose to 7.7% in FY 78, and has since declined steadily, to 2.4% in FY 81;

Health and Population (79 projects), combined here due to the numerous instances (as in Maternal-Child Health/Family Planning) in which these areas overlap in both funding source and project purpose, comprised the bulk of the CS category. Expenditures amounted to 13.6% in FY 77 and has declined to 10.9% in FY 81, although up from the low of 8.6% in FY 80;

Potable Water (11 projects) has risen fairly steadily from less than 1%of expenditure in FY 77 to 2.7% in FY 81.

Consumption-Welfare (CW)

Containing the balance of the "Consumption"-projects, this category

comprises the sub-categories of Disaster/Refugee Assistance, Shelter and

Food Distribution. It must be emphasied, however, (a) that the bulk of

U.S. disaster relief and refugee assistance is carried out through the

Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (PDC/OFDA) and is not "projec­

tized" in the AID sense, dnd therefore is not included in this category,

and (b) that PL 480 activities are not included in this analysis and there­

fore are likewise not represented in this category. With these important

clarifications inmind, the following observations can be made with regard

to the CW sub-categories.

23.

Disaster/Refugee Assistance (13 projects) accounted for less than 1% of expenditure in FY 77, rose to 5.2% in FY 80 and is projected at 2.2% for FY 81;

Shelter (9 projects) has remained consistently under 1% of expenditure for each year; and

Food Distribution (3 projects) has also remained under 1%, with no expendi­ture planned for FY 81.

These three sub-categories, taken together, have increased as a pro­

portion of yearly expenditure, from 1.5% in FY 77 to 5.9% in FY 80 and are

projected at 2.5% for FY 81.

3. Transportation and Communications (TC)

Projects aimed at improving transportation and communication linkages

comprise this functional area. TC sub-categories, which are self-explanatory,

yielded the following trends.

Sector and Miscellaneous (6 projects) accounted for less than 2% of expendi­ture in each year, with no discernable trend in either direction;

Roads (34 projects), including road design and maintenence, representingthe bulk of the TC functional area, has declined steadily from 11.9% in FY 77 to 5.3% in FY 81;

Railroads (1 project) incurred an expenditure in FY 79 only, at which time it accounted for 2.6% of the total;

Telecommunications (4 projects) declined from 2.9% in FY 77 to less than 1% in FY 79 and has since dropped to zero;

Airports (2 projects) has remained under 1% of yearly totals, with noexpenditures incurred in FY 80 or planned for FY 81;

Bridge and Port Construction (2 projects) has declined from 3.7% in FY 77 to 1.7% in FY 79, with no expenditures incurred in FY 80 or planned for FY 81.

Taken together, expenditures for the TC functional area have declined

as a percentage of the yearly total, from 20.3% in FY 77 to 5.6% in FY 81,

reflecting in large part the declining proportion of expenditure on roads,

24.

but also the fall-off in expenditure for Railroads,Telecommunications,

Airports, and Bridge and Port Construction.

4. General Development

Projects aimed at enhancing the development "process" itself are

included in this 'unctional area. Observations on trends with regard to

sub-categories in this area are offered below.

Miscellaneous (50 projects) has averaged 10.5% each year, with no discern­able trend ineither direction;

Research and Training (6 projects) has declined from 1.6% in FY 77 to less than 1% in FY 81;

Manpower Development (17 projects) has increased from 1% in FY 77 to 4.7% in FY 81;

Community Development (3 projects) has represented well under 1% for all five years; and

Public Administration (4 projects) has remained under 1% for all years.

Taken together, the GD functional area has averaged about 15% of

expenditure each year, with no clearly discernable trend evident in either

direction.

This concludes the Functional Profile of the Bureau's investment

portfolio.

B. Food Production and !ncome Generation Profile

As statod earlier in this paper, an analysis was also conducted to

determine the extent to which the Africa Bureau project portfolio addressed

problems associated with (a) food production and (b) income generftion.

By way of clarification, it should be repeated that each of the 570 pro­

jects comprising the universe, irrespective of functional area designation,

25.

was evaluated, informally, against both food production and income genera­

tion. Thus, some projects were directly related to one but only indirectly

reiated to the other, directly related to both, or any other possible com­

bination- / The findings of this portion of the analysis are summarized in

Table 7, yielding the following observations.

1. Income Generation

A. Activities directly related to Income generation (253 projects

dominated by PF, PN and PM) accounted for 42.0% of expenditure at the begin­

ning of the period, rose to 52.0% in FY 78, and have since declined to 48.8%,

representing a net gain of 6.8 percentage points.

B. Activities indirectly related to income generation (292 pro­

jects dominated by CS, GD, PM and TC) have decliined as a percentage of total

expenditure, from 57.0% in FY 77 to 48.5% in FY 81, a net loss of 8.5 per­

centage points.

C. Activities unrelated to income (25 projects dominated by CW)

have increased from 1.0% in FY 77 to 2.7% in FY 81, following a jump to

6.0% in FY 80 caused by start-up expenditures for project 690-0201, "Refu­

gee Support" in the Southern Africa Regional program.

2. Food Production

A. Activities directly related to food production (226 projects

dominated by PF and PM) accounted for 36.7% of FY 77 expenditure, rose to

48.8% in FY 78, and have since declined to 45.6% in FY 81, representing a

net gain of nearly 9 percentage points.

B. Activities indirectly related to food production (191 projects

I/ See Methodology, Appendix 1.

Table 7

Africa Bureau Portfolio Analysis: Relation of Portfolio to Income and Food Production

A. INCOME Directly Related 253 Projects

Indirectly Related 292 Projects

Unrelated 25 Projects

TOTAL 570 Projects

B. FOOD Directly Related 226 Projects

Indirectly Related 191 Projects

Jnrelated 153 Projects

TOTAL 570 Projects

FY 77

48,828 42.0%

66,237 57.0%

1,115 1.0%

$116,180 (100%)

42,692 36.7%

56,978 49.0%

16,510 14.2%

$116,180 (100%)

FY 78

81,215 52.0%

73,923 47.3%

1,179 0.8%_

$156,317 (100%)

76,265 48.8%

52,031 33.3%

28,021 17.9%

$156,317 (100%)

FY 79

87,326 48.9%

89,826 50.3%

1,316 0.7%

S178,468 (100%)

80,781 45.3%

69,595 39.0%

28,092 15.7%

$178,468 (100%)

FY 80 FY 81

160,572 231,707 49.7% 48.8%

143,438 230,285 44.4% 4B.5%

19,366 12,389 6.0% 2.7G

$323,376 $474,881 (100%) (100%)

149,780 216,764 46.3% 45.6%

98,960 164,955 30.6% 34.7%

74,636 93,162 23.1% 19.6%

$323,376 $474,881 (100%) (100%)

27.

dominated by PM, TC, and GD) have declined as a percentage of total expendi­

ture from 49.0% in FY 77 to 34.7% in FY 81.

C. Activities unrelated to food production (153 projects dominated

by PN, CS and CW) have increased from 14.2% of total expenditure for FY 77

to 19.6 of that for FY 81.

It is apparent from these separate analyses that there is a correlation

between income-generating projects and food-producing projects. This is

largely due to the internal consistence of the analysis: for example,

nearly all projects in the PF category were by definition directly related

to food production but also to income generation since the former strongly

affects the latter. In any case, it may be observed that

a. Expenditures directly related to either food or income reached

their peak as a proportion of total expenditure in FY 78 and have since

declined:

b. Expenditures indirectly related to either food or income have

declined as a proportion of total expenditure; and

c. Expenditures unrelated to either food or income have increased

as a proportion of total expenditure, most notably with respect to

projects unrelated to food.

28.

V. Implications for Bureau Strategy

This section provides the conclusions and recommendations of ARD for

AID strategies in the rural sector of Africa, primarily with respect to

strategies to expand production of food and other agricultural commodities.

The food situation of Africa, and relationships between this situation and

rural economic and social conditions, as discussed earlier, are primary

determinants of these conclusions and recommendations.

The agricultural development assistance strategy of AID inAfrica

should focus on helping host countries (a) to create a national policy

and program environment that gives farmer producers adequate incentives

and the associated means to increase their output (primarily of food) and

(b) concurrently to develop the Institutions that service national food

production and distribution systems. Specific institutions that require

long-term support include research, extension and marketing (both of pro­

duction inputs and of commodities produced). Physical infrastructure also

commands attention, with basic transportation networks probably receiving

priority attention.

We concur in the USDA analysis, which emphasizes the need for increased

attention to planning and policy analysis. The first conclusion of their

report is that "In the near term, the coordination of government policies

in food production, marketing and trade offers the best hope of meeting

food needs in Sub-Sahar-an Africa."- Assisting host governments in planning

and policy analysis should receive first priority invirtually any imagin­

able country situation in which there is a satisfactory level of interest

and degree of understanding. For this purpose, we should support the U.S.

commitment to the World Food Council to assist host countries in undertaking

1/ USDA, op. cit., p. 366.

29.

food sector strategy studios. PL 480, rltie III provisions offer a par­

ticular entree to undertake policy studies and to negotiate for policy

changes that may be identified as needed. And over the long term, we

need to dramatically expand our assistance to host countries in launching

projects that will institutionalize rural agricultural food sector plan­

ning and policy analysis capabilities. Our project portfolio analysis

indicates only very modest efforts to date.

The USDA analysis clearly Identified the need for supporting insti­

tutional capacities to make price incentives effective. There is little

use in announcing a price floor that cannot be backed by providing con­

venient buying points, prompt payments, storage and transport. An almost

disastrous series of events In Kenya and Tanzania following exceptionally

large crop harvests should amply dramatize these relationships.

The need for better trained human resources is an integral part of

virtually any program thrust. Certainly policy analysis and management

of programs of implementalion, research and extenslon require cadres of

highly trained people and also less-trained supporting staff.

A mid-term and long-term strategy requires development of Improved

technology, production and distribution of any inputs that are required

from off-farm sources, and presenting ("teaching") the new techniques to

farmers through extension processes. For a variety of compelling econ­

omic and logistic reasons, the Improved technology should be as nearly

"solf-contained" as possible, with little dependence on heavy supporting

infrastructure.1 This consideration may be similar in its results to

the efforts to identify "appropriate technology," at least to the extent

that those engaged in "appropriate +echnology" activities are fully

I/ USDA, op. cit., p. 365.

30.

knowlodgoablo and IpY C:loWe attonl Ion to tho roquiromonts of agriculture.

Many ol),;orvor, including the USDA analystn, have noted the shift

toward foods thet are difficult or impossible to produce In Africa, especi­

ally on the part of urban dwellers. The shift, especially toward wheat

and rice, has serious economic implications. The shift away from tradi­

tional staples should be arrested or reversed if possible. The means may

be an enlarged program to identify specific concumer preferences, to inte­

grate this information with research on new varieties, and to develop new

processing technologies.-'

In the longer term, it is necessary to transform the subsistence sector

in ways that raise living standards and respect social values. Only thus

can food production really be increased sharply, generating substantially

increased employment and income.- / Only through a transformation that sub".

stantially increases output per worker can the conditions of severe rural

poverty in most of Africa really be relieved. Research must play a funda­

mental role in identifying the needed technology.

Recent statements by David Garst of the Board for International Food

and Agricultural Development (BIFAD) underscore the preceding emphasis

on identification and dissemination of technology that is truly productive.

Garst notes that it may be suprising that he, a U.S. agri-businessman,

whould support institutional and human resource development activities.

He employs an illustration based on fertilizer use and its effect on pro­

duction in Bangladesh and India. Only by finding technology that provides

a much better pay-off will investment in fertilizer really pay off. The

returns to cost from research are thus likely to be much higher than short­

1/ USDA, _p. cit., p. 366. 2/ Ibid., p. 367

31.

term returns from fertilizer purchases. He concludes, "Present shortages

are human resources and institutional Infrastructure, not fertilizer or

credit..,1-/

How do these program needs compare with the profile of AID expenditures

in Africa for the period FY 1977-81?

Growth of expenditures for projects classified as "Production", both

in level and percentage, is consistent with the urgent need for both food

and income. A continued and even heavier emphasis on production is Indi­

cated as imperative throughout this decade. The quality of the production

projects is as important as levels of Investment.

Stability of the level of expenditures for Transportation and Com­

munications, but a sharp decline in the percentage allocation, is sharply

contrary to perceived neuds. Opportunities to build and renovate roads

that directly support food production and riarketing should receive pri­

ority attention.

Division of the Production category among food, nonfood and mixed

groupings raises questions, but no definitive conclusions. The "Produc­

tion-Mixed" category, which increased so sharply, deserves further study.

It is not clear that this increase represents a valid, rewarding shift

from specialized to more rewarding, logically integrated multi-activity

projects.

A. Food Production

The food production grouping Is treated in greater detail than others.

The sharp increase in "General Agriculture" projects may represent a

desirable long-term objective, but other typoe of projects may have been

1/ Agency for International Development, BIFAD Briefs, Vol. III, No. 6, October 1980, pp. 1-2.

32.

sacrifi od and/or projects more sharply focused on food production may

be more appropriate. Perhaps host countries and AID are nt ready for

the demands of more comprehensive, complex projects.

The decline of expenditures for Physical Inputs projects should

be reversed, particularly through exploiting opportunities to produce

hand tools, more complex equipment, improved seeds and fertilizer on an

economic basis. The USDA analysis calls sharp attention to this~general

need and it is supported by the practical experience in Africa of tha

ARD staff.

The declining percentage allocation to relatively specific Crogs

projects may reflect the shift toward the more complex "General Agricul­

ture" category. This shift may be desirable In principle, but it is not

certain the research base and experience is adequate as yet to design

and administer complex projects successfully.

Crop storage and protection generally is recognized as an opportunity

to gain relatively quick increases in food actually available for consump­

tion. The need for adequate storage with reasonable losses Is further

indicated by the USDA analysis, domonstrating the need for storage in

support of effective Incentivo programs. The case for crcp production

may be similar. The effectiveness of existing projects should be evalu­

ated. To the extent the record shows that performance somewhat matches

the theoretical promise of these projects, they should be applied in addi­

tional countries on a priority basis.

Aquaculture programs have great appeal, but their record thus far

in Africa isconsidered mixed at best. There is no basis for recommending

expansion beyond a few pilot projects.

The decline in livestock and range management expenditures as a

33.

proportion of yearly totals may reflect the difficulty of designing and

implementing successful range management projects in particular. The

need for improved range management as a base for more productive live­

stock isevident. Efforts should be continued and expanded where there

is solid promise of progress.

There is need for major expansion and Improvement of marketing

systems, particularly as productivity of farmers can be Increased to

provide more food for the rapidly growing cities. While there Is some

marketing activity included inother project categories, the need isso

great that projects with a marketing emphasis should be sought, and

expenditures Increase .

The institutions and manpower group Isvaried, and most of this

activity is hidden in other groups (i.e. research and extension, agricul­

tural education and training). We place great emphasis on institution

building and on manpower development. However, while these purposes may

in most cases best be met through other projects with a functional orien­

tation, cooperative development activities should be discussed separately.

A few specialized cooperatives projects are included in this category.

This organization type is widespread, and involved integrally in many

projects that AID supports. Performance of cooperatives should be strength­

ened through oxpandod spocial ized attontion and assistance, not necessarily

requiring specialized projects.

Agricultural education and training should receive continued empha­

sis, probably continuing to increase in both amount and proportion.

This represents an area of special U.S. skill, and offers high returns.

AID needs to adopt a long-term commitment toward this activity, including

willingness to absorb recurrent costs where public reserves are not

34.

sufficient.

The dramatic increase ;n agricultural research and extension is sup­

ported solidly. The need to identify, prove and disseminate improved

technology is paramount in improving the food and rural income situation

of Africa. Potentially effective research programs should not suffer

for lack of funds, and extension systems must be strengthened to dissemi­

nate proven technology.

It is not certain that lack of agricultural credit has been a sig­

nificant production constraint in most of Africa. The need for credit

will expand sharply, however, when the need for purchased components of

proven technology is shown, and Inputs are available. The need for- credit

may readily outrun AID capabilities, and AID may elect to defer to the

World Bank or other donors in many cases.

As indicated above, improved agricultural planning and policy analysis

at the host country sector level is the most critical of our recommended

priorities. These activities must be expanded. As our project portfolio

analysis suggests, relatively little attention has been given to this by

the Africa Bureau and its field missions.

B. Consumption

ARD has no comments or recommendations on this category.

C. Transportation and Communications

The decline in the proportion for roads should be reversed, as noted

above.

D. General Development

The increase inexpenditures for manpower development may be desir­

able. New proposals should be examined constantly for the relevance of

35.

training programs to productive occupations, especially farming and re­

lated functions.

Public administration may be a valuable category, to the extent

these projects genuinely contrubute to improved administration of public

programs, especially the production-oriented ones.

E. Food Production and Income Generation

Analysis of the division of expenditures between that directly

income-related and that indirectly related showed a sharp increase in

the direct group in FY 1978 and then a fairly steady percentage thereafter.

This constancy is not consistent with the critical need for goods, and

for income to support services inAfrica. It may be difficult, however,

to expand the income-relarted portfolio while the situation dictates much

emphasis on institution building, training, and planning and policy

analysis.

The close correlation between the portfolio related to Income pro­

duction and that related to food was noted earlier. The needs of Africa

definitely dictate more direct attention to food than the proportions

indicated by this classification, never reaching 50 percent, and declin­

ing slightly as a percentage since FY 1978.

36.

VI. Recommended Course of Action

Much rocont ncIlysi!5, and oven information getting Into the mass

media, highlight the food needs of Africa -)- an extent that demands still

further emphasis on food production activities by AID. Decisions by the

Africa Bureau to concentrate in this area in its regular program, and in

the additional "Leadership" investment proposal, are strongly endorsed.

Action to increase food production also will increase incom9s of

farmers, those in the input supply system, and those who market the

increased output. More food production produces more income, purchasing

power for food and other goods, and the private and public income stream

required to support and service the components of basic human needs.

AID strategy and programs in Africa should focus on helping (a) to

create a national policy and program environment that gives farmers ade­

quate incentives and the associated means to increase their output (pri­

marily of food) and (b)concurrently to develop the institutions that

service national food production and distribution systems. Actions to

accomplish these broad purposes are varied, complex, and require fitting

to individual countries. The following paragraphs lift up the main items

considered applicable to most or many African host countries.

Assisting in planning and policy analysis should receive first pri­

ority. Preparing food sector stratogy statements Inselected countries,

as recommended by World Food Council, provides a short-term means of plan­

ning and policy assistance. Other similar rural/agricultural/food sector

planning and policy analysis efforts must be encouraged for both the

short- and long-term. The priorities in institutional development are

for research, extension and marketing. These estaulishments and their

operating programs offer the way to Identify and disseminate technology

37.

1hal wi I I incrnn'iv ulpIit- po)r w )rkolr. In, IlIti i-Ifln-u IIdl nq proqrarns and

prujoct muI bo oxponded. In addil lo to maintalning and expanding cur­

rent research initiatives, AFR is preparing for presentation to a group

of donors under the framework of Concerted Action for Development (CADA),

a proposed major additional research initiative.

As improved technologies are identified and disseminated, it will

be necessary to supply the physical inputs involved. We recommend expan­

sion of projects to produce such inputs incountries whenever feasible.

Actions to expand distribution systems for the inputs go hand in hand.

Such distribution and marketing of production inputs usually should be

combined in a strengthened marketing system for commodities produced.

AID should begin planning and preparing for major actions in this field.

Transportation is frequently identified as a significant bottleneck.

Certainly AID and other donors must prepare to make large investments

in road networks and truck fleets before a really more productive agri­

cultural system, particularly one involving inputs supplied from towns

and cities and products returned to them, can be in place.

Actions to improve crop protection and crop storage will command

priority consideration whenever economic actions are identified because

these actions can yield a rapid increase in food available for consumers.

Agricultural education and training needs cut across virtually all

conceivable functional actions, The U.S. can provide a lasting benefit

to African courtri n by ircroa.o( invo-,lmont in Irairninfj, par-ticularly

in skills required for tangible development programs. ARD recommends

that selected missions be encouraged to prepare training projects, per

se, and that AFGRAD-type programs be expanded. ARD is preparing for con­

sideration a proposal for a new high-level agricultural university for

38.

aidv ;ncoJand qpecialiIod ir innign In Afr'ic:,o.

This outline and presentation may imply a low priority for projects

contributing directly to increased production in the short term. It is

true we perceive the greatest needs to be in the areas of policies, insti­

tutional systems and manpower, before bricks, mortar, machines,dams and

fertilizer investment on a large scale can be very effective. None-the­

less, short-term direct producton interventions shouald be undertaken

as opportunities are identified and resources are available, particularly

those that test and commence to build institutions That increase produc­

tion. We do recommend continued acceptance of an institution-building

approach, albeit sometimes ind!rect, giving priority attention to identi­

fied functional requirements of a productive system of agriculture.

A-I

Al1 Izcl i*.

MethodoI oy

A. Definition of the Univarse

The Africa Bureau Portfolio Trend Analysis was designed to discern

patterns of investment by the Bureau over a five-year period, FY 1977-81.

The universe consisted of all proiectized expenditures, regardless of

funding account, incurred at any time during this period. Since some

projects incurred their final expenditures at the beginning of the period

(FY 77) while others wore only coming on stream at the end (FY 81), the

resulting universe represents the cross-section of a flow of expenditure

over time. The total number of projects incurring expenditure during the

period, exclusive of "Self-Holp Developmnt" projects, for which descrip­

tive material was not readily available, was fixed at 570 separate and

discreet activities. These projects are listed in Appendix 2 by country

or rejional program.

B. Data Sources

Two sources were employed in the compilation of project expenditure

data: printouts from Finai al Management and the 1982 Annual Budget

Submission for the Bureau. The former, containing actual expenditures

by year and by project, were used for the fiscal years 1977, 1978 and

1979, while the latter, containing estimated expenditures by year and by

project, was used for fiscal years 1980 and 1981. The data taken from

the 1982 ABS did not incorporate new projects projected for FY 1982.

The Iwo ;ources, lIken toihoer', enabled .in overview of the five-year

period reveal ing not only older and newer projects but projects spanning

the two data sources as well. Thus, for example, a project that began

in FY 1979, the last year covered under the printouts from FM, was picked

up al in in IIh I Y 1981 AlIri .do3tl

A-2

C. Cdlo lori / Iion of JI cJl I

I. Functional Categories

As originally envisaged, the Portfolio Trend Analysis was to

divide activities into projects of two types, "Production" and "Consump­

tion.' The former was to cover all projects aimed at the producing sec­

tors of a given economy (i.e. agriculture and industry) while the latter

was to cover activities aimed at the consumptive sectors (i.e. health and

education). As the review of projects proceeded, however, it became

apparent that certain activities did not "fit" into either category and

it was determined that two new ones would be added: Transportation and

Communications (TC), covering chiefly roads but also road maintenence,

telecommunications, bridge and port construction and other activities

in this area, and General Development (GD), covering activities such as

"training in project management" which aim at enhancing the develop­

ment "process" itself.

a. Production

As stated above, projects in this functional area are "aimed" at

the productive sector of a given economy. The beneficiaries of these

projects either produce goods and services, as in crop production, or

enhance their capability to do so, as in vocational education.

Production, for the purplos-, of this analysis, is broken down

into lProducl;on-lood (I'I ), l rudu:lion-Nonfood (lWN) 3nd Production-Mixed

(PM), whichir in turn furlhorr )rroko down Into sub-categories. Follow­

ing is a brief doscripiion of each catogory and a listing of illustrative

project titles in each sub-category.

PF-Proiects aimed at the production of food

General Agriculture- Includes sector support, integrated rural development, or projects contaning componenets of two or more sub-categories in this group,

A-3

i,lmhiri Kenya

W~-l).I)l b,1ub-0169

Auli It tiI Itir'o & Purai LIv l)ljuffll Agriculfure Systems Support

Uganda Niger

617-0142 683-0228

Agricultural Projects Support Rural Integrated Agricultural Development

Physical Inputs

Rwanda 696-0103 Farm Hand Tools Tanzania 621-0092 Seed Multiplication & Distribution Sahel 625-0013 Sahel Fertilizer Development

Crops

Nigeria Mali Chad

620-0798 688-0206 677-0001

Food Grop Production Action Riz-Sorgho Lake Chad Irrigated Agriculture

Crop Storaqo & Protection

Senegal Sahel

685-0209 625-0928

Grain Storage Regional Food Crop Protection

Fish

Cameroon 631-0022 Small Farmer Fish Production C.A.R. 676-0004 Fish Culture Extension

Livestock & Ran le Manacement

Kenya 615-0157 National Range & Ranch Development Tanzania Somalia

621-0129 649-0108

Dairy Production Central Rangelands Development

Aqricultural Marketing

Tanzania Sahel Upper Volta

621-0099 625-0523 686-0243

Agriculture Marketing Development West Africa Meat Marketing Grain Marketing Development

I i liIu i(ri':;& Maiiimowcr

Tanzania 621-0119 Agriculture Manpower Development Somalia Liberia

649-0112 669-0127

Agriculture Delivery Systems AgIricultural Cooperatives Development

Agricultural Education & Training

Malawi 612-0054 Bunda Agricultural College

A-4

Mali 688-0207 Agricultural Officers Training (omelroc on ,I -0()0 [r'ai1n i rn r forFa rFani I Io.i

Agricultural Research & Extension

Kenya 615-0180 Cropping Systems Research Botswana 633-0215 Horticulture Extension Africa Reg'l 698-0393 Food Grain Research & Development

Agricultural Credit

Sierra Leone 636-0112 Cooperative Credit Society 1.i h rii 669-014') Aqric I:tlIiral Credi' 1Hank Af r ic i kc 'I ib98-() 501 I)iroc(ld Agricul 1ural Production Credit

Agricultural Planning

Cameroon 631-0008 Agriculture Management & Planning Lesotho 632-0064 Lesotho Agriculture Sector Analysis

PN-Proiects aimed at the production of goods and services other than food.

Human Resources

Liberia 669-0131 Vocational Training Senegal 685-0222 Integrated Youth Job Development

Industry & Enterprise Promotion

Sierra Leone 636-0168 Opportunities Industrialization Center Sahel 625-0717 African Enterprises Promotion II Lesotho 632-0209 Cottage Mohair Production

Credit

Kenya 615-0202 Credit Union Development Sahel 625-0715 Investment and Credit Facility

PM- IProit.'clt, irmod aIl lh. y -proluclionbIolh food and non-foodof _oods and 5ervicc5. Includes natural resources and energy.

Natural Resources; & Enery

Botswana 633-0209 Renewable Energy Technology Sudan 650-0045 Rural Reforestation Senegal 685-0223 National Plan for Natural Resources

A-5

Sudan 650-0038 Commodity Import Program Sudan 650-0040 Commodity Import Program 11

Credit

Lesotho 632-0214 Credit Union Development

b. Consumption

Projects in this functional area are divided into two groups: Con-

sumption-Services (CS) and Consumtion-Welfaro (CW). The former relates

to quasi-governmental functions generally associated with user fees or

charges such as health and education, while the latter involves transfer

payments or free distribution of commodities, such as food, or services,

such as low-income shelter. Following is a list of illustrative project

titles for sub-categories under each of these two groups.

CS-Proiects aimed at the provision of government services

General Education

Guinea-Bissau 657-0003 Primary Teacher Training Niger 683-0237 Literacy Training Chad 677-0005 kL,-al School Construction Africa Reg'l 698-0062 Graduate Fellowship Program

Health & Population

Tanzania 621-0157 Health Education & Training Ghana 641-0087 Population Dynamics Swaziland 645-0062 Water-Borne Disease Control Botswana 633-0032 Maternal-Child Health/Family Planning Liberia 669-0054 National Medical Center

Potable Water

Mali 688--0224 Rural Water Improvement C (ipc Vorrho ('Y'I-)004 Minll I .,, iini/)r nat-i

A-6

CW-Proiects aimed at free distribution of commodities or sorvico,

Disaster/Refugee Ass istance

Tanzania 621-0123 Disaster Relief Assistance Ethiopia 663-0211 International Disaster Seminar Chad 677-0043 Chad Recovery & Rehabilitation

Shelter

Botswana 633-0092 Self-Help Housing Development Guinea 675-0202 Secondary Cities Shelter Niger. 683-0224 Shelter Sector Planning

Food Distribution

Chad 677-0023 Food Delivery & Rural Works

c. Transportation & Communications

Projects in this category are aimed at improving transportation and

communications linkages in African countries. Sub-categories in this

functional area are self-explanatory and are as follows: (I) Sector

Support and Miscellaneous, (2) Roads, (3) Rail, (4) Telecommunications,

(5) Airport and (6) Bridge and Port Construction. Following are illustra­

tive project titles.

Africa Rg'I 698-0423 Transportation Development Studies Gambia 635-0206 Roads Maintonence Systems Sudan 650-0031 Southern Access Road Cameroon 631-0011 Trans-Cameroon Railroad III Liberia 669-0111 relocommunIcations Expansion Iiberio 600-OIOi NovijI0 ional Aid'I l Principle Airports .;ahol 625-0888 Cotonou l3ridge & Dam

d. General Development

Projects aimed at the development "process" itself are included In

this category. Following are illustrative project titles for each sub­

category.

A-7

Ghana 641-0062 Economic Development Management Sierra Leone 636-0108 Increasing Revenue for Development S. Afr. Reg'l 690-0104 Project Development & Support Africa Reg'l 698-0127 African Development Bank Sahel 625-0934 Sahel Private Voluntary Organizations

Research & Training

Cameroon 631-0007 Social Science Research & Training Botswana 633-0095 National Migration Study Africa Reg'l 698-0403 Social Science Research

Manpower Development

Lesotho 632-0030 S'ern Africa Development Personnel & Trng. Africa Req'l 698-0384 African Manpower Development Mauritania 682-0211 Rural A!;sessment/Manpower Survey

Community Development

Cameroon 631-0010 Pilot Community Development Ghana 641-0095 Community Development Staff Training Mali 688-0209 Community Development for Women

Public Administration

Liberia 669-0122 Institute of Public Administration E. Afr. Reg'l 618-0649 East Africa Community Staffing/Management Ni!ler 68'3-0229 FviIluivi ion Assistance to Ministry of Plan

D. Relation of Portfolio to Food Production and Income Generation

In addition to constructing the typology described above, each project,

irrespective of functional category, was evaluated with regard to its

potential or actual relation to (a) food production and (b) income genera­

tion. Based on descriptions of project purpose and goal, a project was

either directly related (D), indirectly related (I) or unrelated (U) to

these two objectives. It must be emphasizod that each of the 570 projects

comprising the universe was evaluated against both food and income. Hence,

A-8

a project might be directly related to income but unrelated to food, unre­

lated to either, or any other of the nine possible combinations:

Food-D Food-D Food-D Food-I Food-I Food I Food-U Food-U Food-U

Each of the major functional

CS, GD, etc.) were dominated, with

following configurations:

Production-Food Production-Nonfood Production-Mixed Consumption-Services Consumption-Welfare Transportation & Communications General Development

Income-D Income-I Income-U Income-D ncome I Income-U Income-D Income-I Incpmo-U

categories discussed earlier, (i.e. PF,

some exceptions in each category, by the

Food-D lncome-D Food-U Income-D Food-I Income-I Food-U Income-I Food-U Income-U Food-I Income-I Food-I Income-I

Appondix 2.

Projects by Country and Regional Program

(In Numerical Order of Country or Regional Program Code)

AFR/DR/ARD Oclober 19.

Country or Region: Diibouti

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal Year ($000s)

79 80 81 Food Income

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I L;

603-0001 Water Resources/Soil Analysis PM 29 130 200 X X

-0003 Fisheries Development PF 150 200 X X

-0006 Human Resources Develo:ment I PN 300 1,000 X X

TOTALS 29 580 1,400 I :1 2 I 0

AFR/DR/ARD Oclober idO

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Zarrbia

Expenditure bT Fiscal Year ($O00s) Food Income Project Number Project Titl Type 77 1 78 79 80 81 F Inco-

I (Est.) (Est.) D I U D I U

611-0070 Commodity Import Program PF 8,549 27,148 4.913 20.268 15.000 X I y__

-0075 Instit. Dev. & Manpower Trng. PF 350 2,500 X Ix

-0201 Agriculture & Rural Dev. PF 500 3,500 X X

-0203 A, Sector SuDport PF 3,500 X X

TOTALS 8,549 27,148 4,913 21,118 24,500 4 0 0 4 0

AFR/[)ARD Oclober 193.BJ

Country or Region: Malawi

AFRICA BUPEAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure by

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year ($O00s)

80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

Food

D I U

Income

D I L

612-0054 Bunda Agricultural Collece PF 85 1,458 1,426 621 571 X X

-=1

-02G2

.alawi Polytechnic Inst"tue

Agriculture Research

PM

PF

400

1,700

1,900

2,850 X

X X

X

-023 Rural Water CS 350 730 X X

TOTALS 85 1,458 1,426 3,071 6,101 2 2 0 3 1 0

AFR'DR, A D October l.z

AFRICA BUPEAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Kenya

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure by

77 78

Fiscal Year ($O00s)

79 80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

Food

D I IU Income

D I

615-0055

-__4I

Nonformal Education & 7--:.

Population Dynamics

CS

CS 19

54 47 X

X

X

X

-D147

-Cr45

-- 57

Vihiga Rural Develope--

Aqricultural Credi-

Nat'l Range & Ranch e..

PF

PF

PF

81

589

707

289

28

230

1,023 1,356 400

X

X

X

X

X

X

-915S Univ. of Nairobi Vet Fac*V*-- PF 442 284 42 X X

-;r9

-S______ Opportunities Ind'iz. Ce-e-Livestock Development

PN PF 2,123 1,24T 2,934 X

X X X

-. 51

-0164

Family Planning

Rural Plannina

iarainal Semi-Arid Lands

CS

PF

PF

330

571

450

510

739

731

506

859 334 100 X

N

X

X

X

N

-__;55 Pop. Studies & Research C---. CS 206 124 231 570 650 X X

-0165

-0169

-0170

-0171

-0172

Rural Road Systems

Ag Systems Support

Roads Gravelling

Ag Sector Loan I

Arid & Semi-Arid Lands De..

TC

PF

TC

PF

PF

3,528

91

92

2,777

2,576

520

2,627

1,327

320

5,142

1,000

320

5,014

2,000

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

N

X

X

TOTALS

AFR/DR/ARD

October 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Kenya (Cont'd)

Expenditure by Fiscal Year ($O00s) Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 FoodF IncomeIncome

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I U

615-0173 Rural Blindness Prevn+n II CS 307 410 165 935 1,186 X X

-0174 RuraI Enterprise Promotion PN 25 136 151 X X

-0177 Rural Health Delivery CS 500 X X Ir181 'a s Cropping Syst's Res.

ur , P, .. 1,675 575 XX

x

-0164 :rease Employment Incore 1.89 X X

-015 Ki-Ti primary Health Care uS 79 X X

-0187 Health Planning CS 300 850 X X

-0189 Rural Planninq II rD 700 X X

-0197 Zamily Planning il CS 150 X X

-0200 !Azricultural & Export Dev. CF 2,000 10,000 X X

-0201 NaTional Cooperative Housing CW 150 300 X X

-0202 Credit Union PN 100 200 X X

-0205 Renewable Energy Development PM 600 X X

9,378 7,515 13,506 13,882 23,545 10 7 13 14 15 1 TOTALS

AFR/I)R/ARD OtLer 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81 Country or Region: Uganda

Expenditure by Fiscal Year ($O00s)Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 Food Income

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I 617-0102 hood Production Support PF

4,000 X -

-0105 nzriulture Reh-anilitation PF 1_000 X X -0107 'anpower Development GD 5C5 C X

TOTALS 1 5,500 2 1 0 2 0

AFR/DR/ARD OcloLur 19di

Country or Region:

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS. FY

E. Africa Regional

1977-81

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure b 77 78

Fiscal Year ($O00s) 79 80 81 Food income

I (Est.) (Est.) D I U D I

618-0649 EA Community Staffing*/Icmt. GD 315 110 XX

-0657 rood Crcp Research PF 258 633 172 -

TOTALS 573 733 172 1 1 0 1 0

AFR/DR/ARD IbUot II;J )

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81 Country or Region: 'iigeria

Project Number Project Title Type Expenditure by

77 78 Fiscal Year ($O00s) 79 80 81 Food Income

.(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I U

620-0739 Fa-ily Health Training CS 184 134 1 X X -0792 Advance Professional Studies CS 96 9 X X

-0798 Food Crop Production PF 474 37 X x -0817 let Fdcility PF 558 8 X X

-0818 -rogram Grant GD 803 432 X ".V

TOTALS 1,312 991 433 - 2 1 2 2 3 0

AFR/DR/ARU uclober

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Tanzania

Expenditure b Fiscal Year ($O00s)

Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 Food Inc

_(Est.) (Est.) D I U D

621-0092 Seed Multiplication & Dist'n PF 553 803 1,111 1,783 599 X X

-0093 '.asai Livestock & Range Mar-±. PF 613 713 588 X X

-0099 .nricuiture "arketinq Dev. PF 271 116 87 X

-0107 Acriculture Research PF 371 916 583 2,481 2,685 X

-0117 Agricultural Credit PF 2,133 333 X X

-0119 '-riculture Vanpower Dev. PF 926 1,075 689 X

-0121 Traininc for '.'CH Aides CS 899 2,250 !,157 1,624 806 X

-0122 Livestock M.'arketing & Dev. PF 548 567 655 X X

-0123 Dwsaster Relief Assistance CW 22 9 X

-0128 Disaster Relief Assistance CW 423 814 374 X

-0129 Dairy Production Assistance PF 326 366 142 X X

-0135 Agriculture Educ. & ExT. PF 568 807 X X

-0133 District Villace Health CS 66 67 X

-0139 Vocatnlztn of Primary Schools CS 28 96 X '

-0142 Agriculture Projects Support PF 502 125 X X

-0143 Reg'l Planning/Village Dev. GD 1,204 3,665 8,452 X

-0147 Cancer Control CS 158 159 X

TOTALS

AFR/DR/ARJ Oc :L-r 19 0

AFRICA BLJPEAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Tanzania (Cont'd)

Expenditure by Fiscal Yea, ($000s)

Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 Food Income

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I

621-0149 Training for Rural Developren. GD 2,480 3,384 X

-0150 Z-uc. for Health Workers CS 900 X X

-:155 .illage Production & Inco-e PF 90 4,730 X

-­i56 %arming Systems Research PF 1,000 X

-­!57 -ealth Workers Training CS 1,830 X

-'i63 .llage Envir. Improvement PM 248 X X

-­ 161 -rnz. for Rural Developnent I GD 1,103 X X

-:;65 -ealth Envir. Vonitorinc CS 540 X X

5,482 10,207 7,146 12,691 27,084 12 4 9 2 II 2 TOTALS

AFI?/ {)/AHI Ucl0.IUt r

AFRICA BURFAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Sacl Reqional

Expenditure b Fiscal Year ($O00s)

Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 Food Ir--e

(Est.) (Est.) D I U 0 L

625-0009 Trnc for Inland Fisheries PF 300 X X

-0010 LCB Lvs-k & '.iixed Acric. PF 400 X X

-0012 :a.bia River Basin Dev. PF 30 100 X -0013 zahel :erTilizer Dev. P200 X

-0161 zrin Prcjction F. "ktg. 412 63 207 200 x

-0172 _37e-Accra Teleco-m's TC X

-0305 '.frica Cereals PF 57 Ij-'aJor X

-0501 _aze Cna4 Teleco-'s TC 101 -48 55B x

-0506 5:Dort to Rec'l Sr.aniz's CD 95 84 7I 80 144 X

-0510 1e'lPublic Health Trng. CS 46 9 X

-0523 .Arica -'eat 4arketinc PF 6 X X

-0530 a, Adv. School of Agric. PF 107 38 3 X X

-0531 n Center for Health Sci. CS 425 403 1,!49 X

-0534 Lake Chad II Roads Link TC 819 731 X

-0605 O.VS Acronomic Research II PF 450 873 1,258 X X

-0610 Central Vet Lab PF 138 332 437 X X

-0614 !ali Highway Developrment TC 25 1,249 163 X

TOTALS

Au,'.o r IFRR

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Sahel (t'd)

Expenditure b Fiscal Year ($O00s)

Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 F Income __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ ___ __ _ _ (Esi.) (Est.) D I U D I Li

£5-0616 OVVS AgrRr:"-K Research PF 520 __- 20 X X

-0617 O!VS Env\-. ssess ent P; 471 , 1,262 480 52 X X

-0618 Study of *-'a- -eri-eter PF 166 X /

-,6.0 0,VS Data -s"It. De'.. P:.I 4,200 2,100 /

O'rVS !re:-ee Dev. PF 600 X

- ,714Parakou-'aaA,!Ie Road TC 3,665 33 X V

-3715 Investment :eit 7acility PN 3,046 1,267 2,560 X

-0716 Bridqe & Pc-- -nstr-ction TC 160 3785 X

-3717 African : ses !--I PN 109 32E 277 620 750

-3803 CA Lvsik S .'ea- Vkto. PF 75 52 112 X

-3588 Cotonou Bri :e & Dar- TC 4,104 i,725 2,867 X

-0904 Health Del;.ery Systems CS 371 X

-0905 T-. for Prcoec esi=/,...rtt GD 614 53 X

-0907 Studies--Sahe ':!.dano Zone GD 1,792 573 227 X X

-0909 Support to Int'! Organiz's GD 779 1,466 284 X X

-0911 Aid Coordination & Planning GD 390 1,510 1,112 1,500 2,000 X X

-0915 River Basin 2e.. & Planning GD 5 16 27 X X

TOTALS

AFR/DR/ARD Oclober IUJ

AFRICA BURFAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Sahel (C nt'd)

Expenditure by Fiscal Year ($O00s) fFooo IInc

Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 Food I- - -

_(Esi.) i(Est.) D I U .D I U

625-0916 Sahel FooA Cr: Protection PF 670 920 1,387 X I

-,'917 .ater Data Ncz...ork & Dev. P7.1 314 637 2,202 1,896 D3 X X

0926 -rican Devel:°.ent Pro:ram GD 2,767 2,7'5 588 X X

092 7 Demographic Data CS 400 flO K

-3926 :'I Food Crc: otection PF 24 2,900 =,2 X X

-arnning, ManaReeent & es. GD 2, 3,226 X X

-3930 Instit. Bldg./Socio-Econ. Dev GD 200 500 X,0 XA

Sahel GD i00 X X

-2936 Sahel Manpe ),-- Dev. GD 181 1,400 2,:0 X

-0937 Accelerated !r:act Progra GD 1,000 l,229 X X

-0939 Improved Rural Technology PM 50 60 X X

-0940 Water Data Network & 11rgt.II PM 2 X X

-0942 Envir. Trng. :.igmt. PM 10 55 X

-0980 Reg'l Roads Maint. Trng. Cntr. TC 130 X X

-9801 Human Rights Fund for Africa CW 70 10 X

21,382 20,141 20,449 16,439 20,349 18 25 6 21 27

TOTALS

AFR/DR. AND Oclober 1,-

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: ADO-Niamey

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year ($O00s)

80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

-ood

I U

Income

D I

-D203 Entente Food Production PF 244 855 5,76-, 3,900 4,300 X

-0204 Entente Lvstk. Production I PF 342 1,479 I,i00 1,600 X

244 1,197 7,247 5,000 5,900 2 0 0 2 0 CTOTALSL

;.I b . -. .), -

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1971-81

Country or Region: ADO.-Dkar

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal Year ($O00s)

79 80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

F

D I U

Ir--e

D _ U

__2_-__20 O-IVS Dat & !rs-;-. Dev. p~v 3,037 X

- - 3,037 - 1 0 0TOTALS

AFR/DHiARD Oclcber WD;O

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region:

Project Number

Cameroon

Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year ($O00s)

80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

Food

D I U

Income

D I

631-0001

-0002

-3003

Seed i.'ultiplication

Trainin: for Farm Far ilies

Low Inoe Housin:

PF

PF

CW

234

55

387

37

:22

194

309

151

232 165 X

X X

X

X

-0004 Livestock A3ricultire Dev. 1rI 161 1,702 I* X '

-3307 Social Science Res. & Trno. GD 31 429 254 X X

-008 Agriculture '.mt.& Planning PF 40D 1,200 XV

-0009 Traininc in Health Education CS 2 64 297 X X

-0010

-C011

-3012

Pilot Community Develo2ment

Trans-Ca-eroon Railroad III

Mandara .*tns Water Resources

GD

TC

PM

34 132

4,717

300 2,000

X

X

X

x

X

X

-0013

-3315

Cereals Research & Extension

Livestock & Poultry Dev.

PF

PF

349

190

1,367

464

X

X

X

X

-0016

-0022

.:ical System for Cameroon

Small Farmer Fish Production

CS

PF 40

2,000

425 X

X

X

X

-0024

-0025

-0031

Food Crop Protection

Margui-Wandala Water Supply

Hiaher Education for Dev.

PF

CS

CS

210

480

422

230

600

X

X

X

X

X

X

TOTALS

AFR/DR/AkD Uc oL

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Cameroon (ConT':;

Project Number Project Tille Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year ($000s)

80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

FoodF

D II U

v­y)e- -

Z I

-

U

631-0033 Support to Primar. Education CS 22S X

-0041 7ari Iv -e= ', CS 860 X

-0044 Cre Vt -:nio S-e.,e'o.ment PM 221 X

-0045 Householz Exrerz'--re Survey GD 50 I,'0 X X

-0201 Rural healtt :-c_-;ion CS 6 56 X

377 1,068 5,992 4,382 12,898 9 5 8 1c 2

TOTALS -

AFR/DR/ARD Oclober 1ldU

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Lesotho

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal Year ($000s)

79 80 81

(Est.) (Est.) D I U

1Income

D I U

632-0030

-;031

SA . ev. Personnel

That Bosiu Rural

& Training

Development

_D

_

232

699

326

496

14

2X

X X

-0043 anc & Water Resource Dev. P.! 467 673 51? 281 310 X X

-0053 Rural -ealth Development CS 305 623 612 X X

-._-1 'nstr..at's Resource Cntr. CS 27 '97 1,106 8X4 X

-0064 Aric.iTure Sector Analysis PF 204 X

-0065

-0366

-­369

-0076

-308C0

-arrlng Systems Research

\utri + Plannnc ? Research

an:o.er Development & Trng.

Lesotho Roads

Nat'I -niversitv of Lesotho

S

;D

T9

C

76 189

60

267

05

326

30

275

1,497

1,955

215

1,810

3,379

75

X

X

X

X

X

X

-0088

-0089

-0209

-0210

-0214

-urai.ater & Sanitation

Low, .ncome Shelter

Cotta.e 'ohair industry

Commodity Warehousing

Credit Union Development

nS

CW

.­4

C!

PIM

152 41

138

78

333

313

80

3,620

34

205

X

X

X

X

X

X

V

"

X

X

-0215 Land Conservation/Range Dev. PF 2,189 X

TOTALS

AFR/DR/ARIP I (

Country or Region:

AFRICA BUPEAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY

Lesotho (Cont'd)

1977-81

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year ($O00s)

80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

Food

D I L

Income

I U

632-02i6 Access Rzads & Trails TC 703 X X

-02i7 Opportunities Ind'iz. CerTe- PN 373 389

-02) Agricultur-il Plannin PF 869 X

TOTALS 1,474 2,432 3,741 7,276 15,079 5 5 IC 0 2TOTALS

- - - -I

AFR/DR/ARD October 1)60

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS 2 FY 1977-81

Country -r Region: Botswana

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure by Fiscal

78 79

77

Year ($O00s)

80 81

(Est.) (Est.) D

Food

I U

Income

D I U

633-0015 Ranme :'anaqement/Lvstk. Dev. PF 40 61 225 690 609 X

-0030

-0032

-0041

-0056

-0059

-0067

SA Dev. Personnel & Training

ly Planning

J3o.Zam Road

Crop Production & Marketinz

Rural ManDower Development

Agricultural Planning

GD

CS

TC

PF

CD

PF

272

415

10

75

415

193

317

420

286

175

125

201

50

490

1,165

200

9P_X

426

.24

lV6

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

x

X

-0069

-0072

-0073

-0074

-0077

-0078

-0084

-0092

-0095

-0102

;anporevelo-ment & Trn.

BotZa- Road Desihn

Transport Sector Support I

Agric. College Expansion

Rural Development Sector Grant

-jlth Services Development

Environmental Sanitation

Self-Help Housing Development

National Migration Study

Fund for Student Refugees

.D

TC

TC

PF

GD

CS

CS

CW

GD

CS

165

69

2,000

II

70

II

51

610

540

1-1

],226

3,027

250

1,000

90

405

400

2,400

,4

2:6

1,050

2,.790

1,600

1,400

180

270

120

990

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Y

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

TOTALS

AFR/DR/ARD October 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: -Lseana (Cont'd)

Expenditure b Fiscal Year ($000s)

Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 Food Income

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I U

633-0209 Rene,.'ale.Eer~y Technology P1 I00 850 X X

12 Rural EntorDr;se Ext. Svc. PF 98 200 201 X

-025 k-rtiou e Extension PF 180 10,

-2230 '. bator PF 200 X

-023 cri.trl Res:-ach PF 300 Y

-0222 Education -'. Ir-Drove-ent CS 400 X

812 3,220 2,082 14,895 14,437 9 7 7 9 2 2 TOTALS

AFR/DR/ARD Octobe- M O80

Country or Region: Ca'-bia

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Project Number Project Title lype

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year ($000s)

80 81

(Est.) (Esi.)

Food

D I U

Income

D ! U

635-0202 Soi I/Wa-er Resource '.gmnt. P., I 316 500 800 .

-0203

-0204

'.lixed Farmir: & Resource "c'-.

ral De. :..ent Proqra,

PF 1,500 1,500

300

X

X

-0205 3a"_:: -e-orestatior Pl 300 500 X

-0200

-0208

:jrai %oa:s "aint. Syste"-s

Coopera=- ,es DevelopmenT

TC

PF

,300

53

2,000

350 X

X

-0215 Trainin: -Dr ,:evel...ent !D 200 X

TOTALS II 316 3,350 5,650 3 4 0 3

AFR/DR/ARD October'Q

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: i:-na Leone

Project Number Froject Title lype

Expendilure by

77 78

Fiscal Year ($000s)

79 80 81 Food Inco-e

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D

636-0101 Rra -cvetration Roads TC 500 x

-0102

-010

0077-s Zrops Res. & Ext.

incr-e " > o.efor Dev.

__ 75

33

1,955 2,000

206

X X

-0111 >.ra! Keration Roads 1 T 1,257 1,267 1,407 x

-0112

-0113 00

ve-'.:e Credit Societ,,

7sc.: struction &. Maint. TC

2 200

500 X

-0126 me-s-ration Roads TV 125 x

-0160 :0rT's -­ 'iz. Center Int'l 57e 309 X X

125 1,763 1,375 4,467 3,215 2 5 ITOTALS --- 3 I­

AFR/DR/ARD .:7otOer 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Ghana

Expenditure by Fiscal Year ($000s) Project Number Projeci Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 Foc Income

I (Est.) (Est.) D I D I U

641-0000 -ro:ram Development Svcs. 2

-0055 Rral Health Family Planninp CS 1,023 5: 54z 354 200 X

-00b2 ::nomic Devel:r-ent "Cr-T. D 153 3 V

-0063 '::ortuni-ies ndustrial'z'n P' 70

-C06- =-: lation Procram SucDnc-- CS 530 2-0 235 300 300

-0067 "tIlDAS" 613 1,394 , 668 2,253 X

-0066 "zmt. of Rural Health Scvs. CS 399 6;I 186 83 X

-0069 7e'. App!ic's of Science 94 27 89 X -0070 A:P-iulture '.anacement 20

281 207 175 I^, X\

-0072 Farmers Assoc's/Agribus. Dev. 282 1,065 590 560 X K

-0073 DisTrict Planning/Rural Dev. 07 3 4 i46 130 650

-0074 Agric. Rehab. & Health Prorrtn =F 108 57 6X

-0075 .,,omen In Development GD 2 15 X

-0077 Economic/Rural Dev. Mgrt. Dc 76 632 324 600 600 X X

-0082 Deliv. of Rural Health Svcs. CS 100 X

-0083 Women in Ghanaian Development GD 84 185 107 101 xX

-0084 ADDlic's of Intermed. Tech. P 160 1,300 X

TOTALS

Al-/11H/ARD October

Country or Region:

AFRICA E:-JEAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY

Ghana (Cont'L)

1977-81

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year ($O00s)

80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

FoodF

D I U

no=In =

D I

641-0087 Programs in Pop. Dyra" : CS 141 89 233 137 X

-;088 Cormunity Health Teams SCS _200 200 X

-0093 "aI Scale Ind'I Aci. -" P.____ 50 X

-C39 Cc-munit,,, Dev. Staff - GD 277 120 X

-0101

ion. Planning & Rjral ..

Q) rt's Ind'iz. CenTer..

CS

PN

100

225

X

X X

-3102

-01C3

"MIDAS II"

-armers Assoc's/AcS.= -..

PF

PF

75 3,750

100

X

X

X

X

-0105 Increased Revenue -or . GD 50 X

TOTALS 3,438 4,465 9,520 4,688 10,863 7 10 9 9 1­

AFR/DR/ARD October IBO

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Mauritius

Project Number Project Title lype

Expenditure by

77 78

Fiscal Year ($O00s)

79 80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

Food

D I U

Income

D I U

642-0002 Housing TA Grant CW 355 X

TOTALS - 355 0 0 1 0 1.

AFR/DR/ARD October 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Swaziland

Expenditure b Fiscal Year ($O00s) Food Income

Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 F income

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I U

645-0009 Curriculum Development CS 514 768 294 421 1,31 X X

-0024 Small Farmer Aa'al Credit PF 146 54 X X

-0070 ev. Personnel Training GD 3R 117 .' X -025 Cooperatives Z -.larketing PF 64 432 438 X X366

-752 Health Viianpower Training CS 2 347 1,627 572 Y X

-036 RDA Infrastructure Support PF 63 4,320 2,397 X

-anpower Dev. & Training GD 9 671 2,016 X X

-51 Jniv. College of Swaziland CS 1,366 360 X X

-00.7 Water Borne Disease Control CS 1,031 X X

02 Swine Prod. & Coop. Dev. PF 310 X X

TOTALS 724 1,664 1,196 8,837 8,437 4 2 4 4 6 0

AFR/DR/ARD Octobe- 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Somalia

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure by Fiscal

77 78 79

649_01_

Year ($000s)

80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

Food

D I U

-come

I U

649-0131

-0.32

Ag. Ext. Training

Rural Health

. -esearch

eK"er

PF

CS

23 3,027

2,500

2,000

3,000

X

X

-010"

-014

Kutunwaare e - e-ent

Comp. Groundwae-r :ev.

CW

P2

42 1,240

2,200

818

2,200 X

X X

-2112

-0113

Central Rangelands e.'!cpment

Acricultural Deliver. S-.stems

Bay Region Deve::-:-en+

PF

PF

PF

1,904

645

3,200

1,861

1,500

X

X

X

TOTALS 65 11,516 14,579 4 1 2 4 I

AFR/DR/ARD Octcs:er Il

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Sudan

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure by Fiscal

77 78 79

Year ($000s)

80 81 Food F -

IncomeI- -

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I

650-0010 Extension Educ. & Trainina CS 189 120 25 _ X

-0011 "crthern Primary Health Care CS 711 _._ _

-0018 >_e Nile AQricultural Dev. PF 2 1 3,092 2,962 X

-0019 '--ern Primary Health Care CS 30C 2,650 620 .,

-0020 esern Sudan Ac'al Research PF 4,800 6,000 X

-0021 zi.Teern Manpower Development PF 74 7,700 2,500 X

-0025 :::el Intearated Rural Dev. PF 40 44- X

-3026 .,ai Halfa Commrunitv Dev. PF 479 19 X

-0028 Literacy Traininc CS 683 717 _. X

-0030 riealth Sector Support CS 3,215 X1 y

-0031 Southern Rural Infrastructure TC 350 2,378 X A

-0035 Yar-io Agricultural Research PF 400 400 X

-0036 Southern Access Road TC 2,000 -X X

-0038 Commodity Import Program PM 19,600 15,000 -X- X

-0039 Petroleum Training PM 124 76 X X

-0040 Comcdity Import Program II PM 15,000 X X

-0041 Alternative Energy Dev. PM 680 X X

TOTALS

AFR/DR/ARD October Ki

Country or Region:

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

S~dan "S-ent'd)

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal Year ($000s)

79 80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

F

D I U

Inc'-

D J

650-0045 F-ral Reforestation PM 150 347 _X

-0100 Z.an-TRahad Project PF 647 677 X X

-0103 Acric. "'atural Resources PA 35 75 X

TOTALS 682 792 2,025 35,148 51,939 7 8 5 7 13

AFR/DR/ARD October 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Caae Verde

Expenditure by Fiscal Year ($O00s) Food Income

Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 F Income

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I U

655-0001 Rural Works CW 571 911 849 X X

-0003 Tarrafal Water Rescurces HM 417 1,777 X X

-0004 Mincelo Desalinization CS 8 527 1 X X

-0005 Sal Cesaliniz./Power Plant PM 100 900 X X

-0006 ;'.atershed Xrgmt./Soi I Conserv. PM 500 1,500 X X

-0008 rrimary & %onformal Education CS 50 800 X X

TOTALS 579 1,855 2,777 1,300 2,400 0 3 3 1 5

AFR/DR/ARD October 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: "ozErbique

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year ($O00s)

80 81 (Est.) (Est.)

Food

D I U

Income

D I U

656-0001 Pefu;ee Assistance CW 605 10 X X

-0201 Acriculture Sector Program PF 3,000 X X

-0202 A:7Kc":+re Production & Mktg. PF 4.000 X X

TOTALS 605 10 7,000 2 0 1 2 C

AF/DR/ARD October 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Guir.ea Bissau

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year ($000s)

80 81 oD I nc m

(Esi.) (Est.) D I U D I U

657-0002 Acricjlure Development rFIr 309 382 850 703 X X

-0003 Primr-. Teacner Trainina CS 22 223 400 930 X X

-0 05 Forestry -ana.-emert P., 250 X X

-2166cle S'1 isheries 180 200 X X

-07 Fooc ?oD rotection PF 73 200 430 X X

-035 Selected 3ev. Training GD 300 X X

-R339 'ce Production PF 90 500 X X

TOTALS 331 678 1,720 3,250 4 2 1 4 3

AFR/DR/ARD October 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Sao Tor'e & Princi:e

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal Year ($000s)

79 80 81 Food Income

658-0001 Crop Prod. & Diversizication FF 132

(Esi.) (Est.) D

X

I U D

X

I LI

TOTALS 132 1 0 0 1 0 C

AFR/DR/APD

October 1980 AFRICA BUCEAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Zaire

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure by Fiscal 77 78 79

Year ($O00s)

80 81

660-3032

-X049

-353

-C52

Transport Sector

MUH/Family Plannin:

Planning & Management

Agriculture Economic ge..

TC

CS

P:s.PF

F

1,447

236

163

168

116

37

50

530

12

523

(Est.) (Est.) D

X

X

I

X

U

X

D I

X

x

U

-

-I354

-N

-F5

Inland Waterways

utrition Planning

Fishing Cooperative Ex:--=:-

TC

CS

=F

7

37

60

156

21

12

545

x

X

X

x

A

X

Health Systems Develo,-e-- CS 25 '21 702 261 X x

-0059

-. ",,-62

-'D64

-0067

-0068

-0070

-0071

-0075

j

F

E & C Disease Contrc!

North Shaba Rural DeveloDMe-7

Feasibility Study

INERA Support

Basic Family Health Service5

Development Manpower Train>;:

Agriculture Sector Study

ERTS

Agricultural Tools Producti±H

CS

PF

GD

PF

CS

PF

PF

GD

PF

98

123

31

207

1,460

43

z07

2,716

51

11

235

40

55

1,350

200

300

805

1,234

533

500

700

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

TOTALS

AFR/DR/ARD October 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, Pf 1977-81

Country or Region: Zaire (Cont'd)

Expenditure b 7iscal Year ($000s)

Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 7; 80 81 Food Income

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I U

660-0077 Cassava Outreach PF 450 677 X

-0079 Area '.utrition Improve-ent CS 340 650 X X

-0080 s- Culture Expar zTn x

-0082 !!-e okc Integrated - Dev.

-0086 ".'C i/za~ly Planninc 0,t-each CS 100 X

TOTALS 2,310 2,705 4,S-6 3,397 5,510 11 4 7 11 W 0

AFR/DR/ARD Oct.: - 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Ethiopia

Expenditure b Fiscal Year ($O00s)

Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 Food !ncome

(Est.) (Est.) 0 I U I U

663-0000 Technical Support CW 2 X X

-0006 Malaria Control CS 4,402 694 210 X X

-0138 University General Support CS 316 24 44 X X

-0153 Feasibility Studies GD 15 X

-0162 Ada District Development PF 66 3 X

-0166 Pulse Diversific. & Improve. PF 250 145 89 X

-0167 Rural Agricultural Development PF 149 109 1 X

-0172 Acriculture Sector Planning PF 38 X

-0179 Jpper Didessa Development PF 269 X

-0180 Integ. Family Life Educatior CS 60 11 X X

-0187 Drought Recovery & Rehab. TC 155 956 781 X X

-0210 Southern Genu-Gofa Rehab. I GD 181 15 X X

-0211 Int'l Disaster Seminar CW 10 X X

-0213 Integrated Family Life II CS 78 65 X X

-0214 Micro-Regional Rural Dev. PF 581 X __

-0215 Inland Transportation TC 1,350 X X

-0219 Emergency Transportation Fund TC 100 X X

TOTALS

AFR/DR/ARD October 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Ethiopia (Cont'd)

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal Year ($000s)

79 80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

Food

F -ncome

D I U

Income

D I U

663-0220 Seed/Oxen/fool Replacemnt Fnd. PF 50 X "

-0223 Emergency Drought Area Comm. TC 50 X X

-0229 7th Day Ade-tis+ Project CW I X

-0230 Emergen.',, ReIief CW 400 X X

-0231 Desert Lccst Control PF 159 X

TOTALS 5,461 3,701 2,667 9 7 3 9 9

AFR/DR/ARD October --

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Liberia

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year ($O00s)

80 81 Fcod Inco

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I

669-0054

-0107

National Medical Center

Airport Improvement

CS

TC

565

673

_

Ro . .

-0111 Telecommunications Expansion TC 3,253 2,212 1,016 _"

-0116

-0117

Rural Access Roads II

Hilhway ain~enance Equipment

TC

TC

425

42

500 1,005 X ,

-0122 Institute of Public Admin. GD 556 585 78

-0123

-0124

Agriculture Program Dev.

Civil Service Development

PF

GD

411

175

251

405 143

X X

-0125 Lofa Country Rural Health CS 392 572 236 548 X

-0126

-0127

-0130

-0131

-0132

-0135

-0137

-0138

Health Management Planning

Ayriculturn Cooperative Dev.

Improved EYfic. of Learning

Vocational Training

Increased Revenue for Dev.

Agric. Researh & Extension

Agric. Analysis & Plawaing

Rural Roads III

CS

PF

CS

PN

GD

PF

PF

TC

348

2

287

248

135

186

335

361

825

10

397

432

984

200

361

900

700

500

725

430

2,278

500

430

1,500

1,200

400

1,160

450

1,000

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

TOTALS

AFR/DR/ARD October I80

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Lizeria (Cont'd)

Expenditure b Fiscal Year ($O00s)

Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 Food Inco-e

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I U

669-0139 Upper 3ona County Rural Dev. PF 1,151 1,500 1,949 X X

-0141 Agric-Iture Training & Dev. PF 9 48 10 X X

-0142 Upper Lofa County Rural Dev. PF 136 541 902 1,421 2,000 X X

-0143 Roat '.'intenence Equipment TC 675 90 91 811 X

-0145 Acricultural Credit Bank PF 550 600 X X

-0146 -w i-come Housing CW 22 250 380 X X

-0153 Ruro .ielpment Traininc PF 250 1,734 350 350 X X

-0154 Nirba County Entrep'l Dev. PN 50 113 X X

-0157 Hand Dug Wells CS 208 X

-0159 Navig. Aids at Princ. Airports TC 415 X

-0160 Youth On-the-Job 'rainino PN 295 200 X X

-0!63 Nimba County Rural Technology PM 150 600 X X

-0164 Land Tenure PF 355 X

-0165 Health Delivery System CS 2,250 X

-0168 Opport's Ind'iz. Center int'l PN 500 500 X X

-0171 BWI Expansion PN 1,000 X X

7,662 6,360 10,468 12,469 16,824 0 12 II 15 -I

TOTALS

VRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Guinea

Project Number

675-0201

-0202

Project Title

Acric. Prod. Capacity & Trng.

Secondary Cities Shelter

Type

PF

CW

Expenditure b Fiscal 77 78 79

.. _(Est.)

55 203 1,194

Year ($O00s)

80 81

(Est.)

3,660 5,590

30

Foo

D I

X

Income

D I LU

X

X

TOTALS 55 203 1,194 3,660 5,620 1 0 1 0 1

X -002

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81 Country or Region: Central African Rep.

Expenditure bProject Number Project Title Fiscal Year ($O00s)

F Type 77 78 79 80 81 Food Income

(Est.) (Est.) D676-0001 I U D I USeed Production Center PF 91 33 123 Rurl Health CS 30 275 202X

-0004 Fish Culture Extension PF 32 30 40X

-0202 Rural Village Wells CS 198 25 65X

0-

TO A S351! 363 4302 0 2 2 2 0

Octoze- 1980AFR/DR/ARD

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region:

Project Number

Chad

Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year ($000s)

80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

Food

D I U

Income

0 I U

677-0001

-0002

Lake Chad Irrigated A:ric.

Aaricultural Instititic- Dev.

PF

PF

30 1,00-1 277

92

X

X

-0004 Vural Health Planr-ir:-:-t. CS 15 155 X X

-0005 Como. Human Resource- .. C2 47 59 477 X

-03C3 Accacia Albida Expa 5"z Pr 352 452 286 X

-0C09 Irrigated Crop Pro-uc- on PF 118 1C6 148 X

-0014 Crop Prod/Seed .ut/P-e '-'ktg PF 25 X

-02C Rural Family Grair, :-ae PF 93 65 X

-0021 Rural School Constr-c.:< n CS 126 X

-0022 Rural Sanitary water CS- 2A 230 339_ X

-0023

-0032

Food Delivery/Rural .,crks

Thad Road Mainterance

CW

TC

26 117

500

29

754 X

X .X

X

-0033 Lvstk Vaccination CaDaoicn PF 245 69 X

-0043 Chad Recovery & Rehabil tation CW 1,500 X x

-0201 Chad Range & Livestock Dev. PF 870 821 377 X

TOTALS 1,432 3,412 2,944 1,122 1,500 8 1 6

AFR/DR/ARD October 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Con~o

Expenditure b Fiscal Year ($O00s)Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 Food Income

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I U

679-0001 Smalinolcer Agriculture Dev. t: 400 X

TOTALS - - 400 1 0 0 0 C

1980 AFR/DR/ARD

AFRICA BUPEAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Niger

Project Number

683-0130

-0201

-0202

-2_0

Project Title

Road Maintenance

%izer Cereals Production

Range & Livestock Mg'm-.

Entente Livestock I!

Type

TC

PF

PF

PF

Expenditure b

77 78

673 104

2,619 2,637

68 277

462 540

Fiscal Year ($O00s)

79 80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

4,339

688 1,220 1,940

1,909

Fooc

D I L

X

X

X

X

Income

D I U

X

X

X

-3235

-023

-0214

"iamey Dept. Rural 'e,.,.

IlmDrovinc Rural Health

3asic Health Svcs Deliver,,

PF

CS

CS

244

909

2,202

286

994

1,530

1,573

600

958

4,411

104

X

X

X

-$22

-725

-0226

-0228

-0229

-0230

-0234

-0235

-0237

-0240

zrelter Sector lannin:

'4i-er Cereals Research

Rural Sector Hurnan Resources

Rural Integrated Agric. Dev.

Eval. Assist. to Min. of Plan

_crtry & Land Use Plannin:

Agriculture Prod. Support

Niger Solar Energy

Literacy Training

Niamey Dept. Rural Dev. II

CW

PF

GD

PF

GD

PM

PF

PM

CS

PF

50

17

i38

17

150

110

250

320

945

2,443

150

300

1,060

200

1,500

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

>

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

TOTALS

AFR/DR/ARD October !?P0

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: !icer (Cont'd)

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure by

77 78

Fiscal Year ($O00s)

79 80 81

Food Ii Incom~e

-(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I U

683-0241 ONAhA "'aintenance Center PF 300 X X

TOTALS 3,822 4,761 10,590 5,433 14,631 9 5 4 9 I

________

IA-H/UH/ARD

Octoter 1980 AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-8

Country or Region: _. Bone

Expenditure by Fiscal fear ($O00s)Project Number Prolect Title Type 77 178 79 80 81 Foo Income

(Est.) (Est.) D I i D I U 680-0201 Rura' .ae Supply

IS____ ,0,0 -0207 Soya r-crion/Nutrition P7 400 300

TOTALS - 1,900 2,800 1 0 1 1 •

October 1980 AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: -'uritania

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure by

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year ($O00s)1 80 81 Food Income

-

68?-020

-0203

-020 : -0205

nt~era-ej Rural Devoeopment

'.ra1Vand Reclamation

. e- =le Production-= -:....- :R'es).rce cgnt/C on s.

_ _

'

_

262 132 809

6 66

80

(Est.)

1,018

6-500

7 49

(Est.)

1,701

1,500

500

2X'

D

X X

X

I U D. U

-0207 I e Oasis Dev. 80__ 734

500

942

1,300 X

-021i Rural Assess./Manpower Stud, 206 776 2,77 x

2 %-ra! %oads Development 950 X -022c-e

-022. Alre---=-

restation

ve Energy Program .'

J 1,200

1 200

x

X :

-002 5-all Perimeters ___650

X

TOTALS 262 338 1,671 5 05,585 10,984 50

AFR/DR/ARD October '80

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS,_FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Senecal

Expenditure by Fiscal Year ($O00s) Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 Food In:-me

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I U

685-0201 Cereals Production 872 1,575 963 X

-0202 Pance & Lvstk Development -- 114 874 1,075 630 700 X

-0205 Cssa-ance Regional Dev. 276 70D 2,600 X

-0215 !a1 irrigated Perimeters 44 858 836 1,300 1,500 X

-0209 -'rain Storage -: 567 748 X

-0210 ural -iealth Services Dev. CS 3 554 516 00 1,000 X

-0217 7amiiy Planning 900 X

-021. SAE. Trainina -: 38 00 1,500 X

-0219 uelwood Production I 1 1,!2 1,000 X

-0222 Intecrated Youth Job Dev. 30 673 600 X

_02 Natl Hlan for Nat. Resources _ 50 700 X

-0224 SO.....Livestock Production 80 2,650 1,635 X

-0233 "-,:culture Sector Analysis PF 500 X

-0235 Cereals Production II F 1,000 1,500 X

-0242 Rural Health Services II CS 500 X

-0243 Forestry PM 50 77 X

-0246 Renewable Energy II P : 200 X

TOTALS

AFR/R/ARD

October 1980 AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYS'S, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Senegal (rnnt')

Expenditure b Fiscal Year ($O00s) Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 Food incoe

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I U 685-0247 ViIIace Woolots PM

50 103 X X

TOTALS 1,033 4,428 4,563 9,655 15,062 9 5 4 10 8 C

AFR/DR/ARD October 100

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region:

Project Number

Upper .o!ta

Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year (00Cs)

80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

Food

D I U

Income

D I U

636-020i Lasern (>. trey. Rural Dev. PV 072 561 331 884 790 V -

-0202

-0203

See

.Mlase

. It iutilicatiop

Avestock Dev.

100

248

92

535

2W7

237

366

643

136

266

x

-0211 .'en's Rc -s in Development 110 121 189 640 x,

-0212

-0215 E

'laoDevelopment

Rural Roads

7-1

7:

38

522

16

568

120

1,024

155

408

_

X Y

-0219 ra!ise Development V., 180 232 185 45 X

-0220 ::.cni irte:-.es Rural Dev. Pz 22 70 98 30 . ,

-0221 .. roaa Resources Dev. P: 194 1,094 2,500 y X

-0222

-0226

volta Va ev Development

Trainins .c'cr in the Sahel

P _

GD

_5___ _:

79 155 4000- Y -

-022.

-0231

-0235

Rural ,'aer SuJpty

lozuenega Mteg. Rural Dev.

Forestry Education & Dev.

OSC

7F 347

2,000

1,956

100

3.900

1,158

1,800

X

X

X

V

-0243 Grain 'arkeing Development PF 985 x X

-0245 Foundation Seed Production PF 325 X X

-0247 ura! Roads II TC 838 X x

TOTALS 1,642 2,108 3,470 8,746 14,726 12 1 11 11

AFR/DR/ARD

October 1930

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIST FY 1977-81

Country or Region: :.a Ii

ConExpenditure b/ Fiscal Year (1000s)

Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 F -ncome

(Est.) (Est.) DIU D U

668-0002 Centrai Vet Laboratory PF 54 X

-0201 la! I Livestock Development F713 1,417 919 X -0202 _,oration %Mils II -F 978 2,073 2,372 2,956 2,133 X X

-22 Livestock Sector I PF 1,045 2,752 2,407 5,045 3,755 X X

-020 Rural Works PM 53 646 1,002 144 X X

-0205 Land _se Capability Inventory PM 117 2,176 1,592 X -0206-)-206 Action Riz-Sorgho PF 394 537 1,427 1,140 350 X X

-0207 Acric=!uraI Officers Trng. PF 87 44 3,660 1,980 X X

-0208 Rural -ealth Services Dev. CS 312 611 683 903 X

-0209 Community Dev. for Women GD 5 194 16 X

-0210 Operation Haute Vallee PF 210 4,678 3,446 X X

-0212 Kayes-Nioro Road TC 100 X

-0213 AcTion Ble PF 179 921 1,000 X X

-0215 First Region Pilot Dev. PF 400 X X

-0217 Renewable Energy PM 96 833 1,730 X

-0218 Livestock Sector II PF 500 X X

-0219 Semi-Arid Tropics Research PF 31 325 X X

TOTALS

AFR/PR/ARD October 195O

Country or Region: Mali

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

(Continued)

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure by Fiscal

77 78 79

Year ($O00s)

80 81 Food F

Income

638-0221

-0224

Development Leadership Trng.

Rural 'dater Ir1nproverrent

_ (Esi.)

40

60

(Est.)

250

149

D I

X

U

N

D I

X

X

U

-0225

-xxxx

-n. Center for Rural

Primary Eye Care

Wornen D2 __"___--_____ 50 200

50

X X

X

TOTALS 3,189 7,425 9,445 23,569 18,682 11 7 3. 12 9 C

AFR/DR/ARD October 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Entente

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure b

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year ($O00s)

80 81 (Esi.) (Est.)

Food F

D I U

Income Income

D I U

689-0205 Entente Rural Devel3pment PF 400 X X

TOTALS - 400 100 1 O

AFR/DR/ARD October 1980

AFRICA BUR[AU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Southern Africa 7ec,

Expenditure by Fiscal Year $o00s)

Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81 Food Income

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I U

690-0004 L.niv. of Bots/Les/Swazi iand CS 8 X /

-0006 BotZam Road TC 2,662 911 1,101 X X

-0035 Malawi Roads I TC 1,795 1,228 X X

-0046 Malawi Roads I TC 3,564 2,092 1,<83 X

-0063 Dev. Trng. for S'ern A a CS 577 3,589 3,979 8,000 3,043 X x

-0076 Southern Perimeter Poe: TC 4,000 8,000 X X

-0083 Academic & Skills Tr-aiin: CS 2 126 97.0 X x

-0102 Fund for Student Re CS 2,000 61C X

-0104 Program Development & u:,Dort 3D 694 217 X

-0105 SA Dev. Anal. & Planninz. GD 313 520 X

-0201 Refugee Support CW 12,101 2,000 X

-0202 Private Voluntary Organiz's GD 800 X x

-0206 _;.-ining, Mgmt., & Research GD 1,000 1,750 X

-0207 Agriculture & Lvstk. Dev. PF 250 X X

-0208 Technical & Managerial Trng. GD 500 X

-0209 Transportation & Storage ;ev. PF 3,000 X X

TOTALS 8,608 10,953 11,580 25,101 19,343 2 1014 2 1

AFR/DR/ARD October 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND A!,ALYSIS, FY 1977-81 Country or Region: Togo

Expenditjre b Fiscal Year ($000s)Project Number Project Title Type 77 75 79 80 81 Food Income

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I I U 693-0210 Rural Water Supply CS 900 ,600 -X X

-0212 Family Health Center CS 38 100 1,000 X X -0213 Low Income Shelter CW 400 150 X -X

-0217 Community Training arm PF 500 X X

-0220 Togo Credit Unions PF 50 250 X x

TOTALS 38 1,450 3,500 2 0 1 1 2 2

AFR/D;, AqD October O

Countr,., or Region: Durundi

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS FY 1977-8!

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure by

77 78

Fiscal

79

Year ($O00s)

80 81 Food Incoe

(Esi.) (Est.) D I U D I U

69-i01

-D3

Basic Food Croos

Alternative nergy-eat I

lF

PM

1,100

50

1,132

510

X

X

-0104 :rnd Use & Resource Analysis PM 470 X

-: 05

-,106 Small

Burundi Forest

Farming Systems Research

Pt.

PF

550

800 X

X

X

--­108 Provincial Road 84 T 251 429 X

TOTALS 1,401 3,891 2 4 0 2

AFR/DR/ARD OctoL - 30

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Rwanda

Expenditure by Fiscal Year ($O00s)" Project Number Project Title Type 77 78 79 80 81

(Est.) (Est.)

696-0100 Food Storage & Marketing PF 518 54 331

-0103 Farm Hand Tools '114

-0107 Local Crop Storaae -__ 342 712

-0108 Cooperative Grain Storace 31

-0109 Agriculture Education PF 630 1,200

-0112 Fish Culture 1,000

--113 Rural Health/Family Planning CS 1,000

-0115 Agric. Survey & Analysis 890

-0116 Food Storage & Marketing II 300

Food - .-­ e

D I U . U

X

X .

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

TOTALS 518 54 476 972 5,102 8 0 1 - 0

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0) 0

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AFR/DR/ARD October 1980

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Country or Region: Africa Pecional

Expenditure b Fiscal Year ($O00s)

Project Number Project Tiflle Type 77 78 79 80 81 Food Income

(Esl.) (Est.) D I U D I U 698-0062 rE!te PrDrr, .... 2,15 1,303

-0106 ,,,ter, e un:-' L"vestcck Sector PF 900 --0127 Arican Develo ,:entBank 3D 276 254 464 954 2,-24 X

-0135 -rocr- evelop,-ent & Support GD 7,081 4, 4,646 6,738 7,097 X

-0154 .ec-o a 1 3rcariizations Dev. P%! 142 212 150 X ,'

-0186 Educa=icn & T-aining Activity CS 395 X X

-0210 Inrter-.rican Scho!arship Proj CS 1,171 49C 200 X X

-021i ducaion A*v ry Services CS 206 52 X X

-0340 Ecor. Crn-.ission for Africa GD 778 38S 13 350 450 X X

-0356 African '.'athe-atics Program CS 52 X X

-0358 .HEC Extension CS 429 320 60 X

-0363 African Labor Development PN 2,173 1,991 1,206 2,894 3,000 X .

-0365 .3DSC/.'-A Program Support GD 19 2 6 X

-0382 Rice Research & Production PF 884 240 1,815 1,000 X X

-0383 Television Eval. System CS 165 X X

-0384 African '.'anpower Development GD 560 2,218 3,723 5,250 6,500 X X

-0386 Private .'ol. Organizations GD 2,075 8,506 X

TOTALS

--

Appendix '.

AFRICA HUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS

Country and Regional Program Expenditures Expressed as a Percentage of Total Expenditure

Central Africa

631 Cameroon 658 Sao Tome/Principe 660 Zaire 676 Central African Rep. 679 Congo 696 Rwanda 695 Burundi

Total

East Africa

603 Dj ibou [i 615 Kenya 617 Uganda 618 East Africa Reg'Il 621 Tanzania 642 Mauritius 649 Somalia 650 Sudan 662 Seychelles 663 Ethiopia

Total

Coastal West Africa

620 Niqeria 6367'iorr a Leonn ,41 (,hana 669 Liberia 675 (11inea 680 denin 693 Togo

Total

Southern Africa

611 Zambia 612 Malawi 6S2 l hsobo

(Continued next pacle)

FY77

0.3% -

2.0% 0.3%

0.4%

-8.1% .

0.5% -.7%

-0.6% -

4.7%

18.6%

I1.1% 0.1% 3.0% 6.6% -

-

10.8%

7.4% 0.1% I. %

FY78

0.7% 0.1 1.7% 0.2% --

2.7%

-4.8%

0.5% 6.5% --

0.5% -

2.4%

14.7%

0.6% 1.1% 2.9% 4.1% 0.1% --

8.8%

17.4% 0.9% 1.,%

FY79

3.4% -

2.7% 0.2% -

0.3%

6.6%

-7.6%

0.1% 4.0% --1.1% -1.5%

14.3%

0.2% 0.8% 5.1% 5.9% 0.7% --

12.9%

2.8% 0.1% 2.1%

FY80 FY81

1.4% 2.7% _ _

1.1% 1.2% - -- 0.1%

0.3% 1.1% 0.4% 0.8%

3.2% 5.9%

0.2% 0.3% 4.3% 5.0%

1.2% - -

3.9% 5.7% 0.1% ­3.6% 3.% 10.9% 10.9% 0.1% 0.1% - -

23.1% 26.3%

- -1.4% 0.7% 1.4% 2.3% 3.9% 3.5% 1.1% 1.2% 0.6% 0.6% 0.4% 0.7%

8.8% 9.0%

6.5% 5.2% 0.9% 1.3% 2.3% 3.2%

IY71 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81

Southern Africa (Cont.)

633 Botswana 645 Swaziland 656 Mozambique 690 S'ern Africa Reg'l

0.7% 0.6% 0.5% 7.4%

2.1% 1.1% -

7.0%

1.2% 0.7%

_ 6.5%

4.6% 2.7%

-7.8%

3.0% 1.8% 1.5% 4.1%

rotal 18.0% 30.1% 14.1% .24.8% 20.1%

Sahel

657 Guinea-Bissau 63: Gambia 685 Senegal 682 Mauritania 688 Mali 686 Upper Volta 683 Niger 677 Chad 0,5 (:,,p Verdo (, , ADO-N i. irny 628 ADO-DLa ka r 689 Entente 625 Sahel Regional

-

-0.9% o.2% 2.7% 1.4% 3.3% 1.2%

0.4)% o., %).%

-.

18.4%

0.2% -

2.8% 0.2% 4.7% 1.3% 3.0% 2.2% 1 .2%

12.9%

0.4% 0.2% 2.6% 0.9% 5.3% 1.9% 5.9% 1.6% 1.6% 4.1%

1% -

11.5%

0.5% 1.0% 3.0% 1.7% 7.3% 2.7% 1.7% 0.3% 0.4% 1.5%

-5.1%

0.7% 1.2% 3.2% 2.3% 3.9% 3.1% 3.1% 0.3% 0.5% 1.2%

0.1% 4.3%

Total 28.8% 293 37.7% 25.2% 23.9%

698 Africa Reqional 20. 14.3% I 14.8% 15.0%

('rand Iotal 116,180 (100%)

I',:, II (100%)

118,468 (100%)

323,376 (I00%)

474,881(100%)

AFR/DR/ARD October 1980

Country or Region: Seychelles

AFRICA BUREAU PORTFOLIO TREND ANALYSIS, FY 1977-81

Project Number Project Title Type

Expenditure by Fiscal

77 78 79

Year ($O00s)

80 81 Food Income

(Est.) (Est.) D I U D I U

662-000 Food Crop Research PF 250 400 X

TOTALS - - - 250 400 1 0 0 0