Based on Ubuntu 18.04 with LibreOffice 6.0 - AWS

PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.

®

Name ..........................................................................

Class .................. Section ............... Roll No. ...........

School ..........................................................................

This book belongs to:

Davinder Singh Minhas

Alok Srivastava

Reema Soni

REINVENTING...

PRESENTS

Based on Ubuntu 18.04

with LibreOffice 6.0

PMP

IT PLANET - 4 (Ubuntu 18.04)

Reprint : 2020

Printed at :

ISBN : 978-93-87596-42-9

First Edition : 2019

Published in India by :

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2011 by PM Publishers Pvt. Ltd.©

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or as expressed by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate Reprographics Rights Organization(s).

TrademarksUbuntu, LibreOffice, Scratch, GIMP, Inkscape, Pencil2D, etc. and other software programs used in this series of books are open source software programs. These software programs are free to use and distribute. All other brand names, product names, pictures and icons used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective holders. The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

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PREFACE

This series is based on the latest software packages and operating system programs such as LibreOffice 6.0 and Ubuntu 18.04. Apart from these two, we have covered almost all the open source software programs such as Scratch, Pencil2D, GIMP, Inkscape, and Python.

In the educated world, knowing about computer and its intricacies is no more a luxury, but a necessity. Therefore, we have created IT Planet (Streaming without Buffering) Computer Series for classes 1 to 8, keeping this necessity in mind. The name of this series symbolizes the flow of understanding the computer concepts continuously without any pause.

You may have heard somebody talking about the open source, social engineering, cloud computing, app development, Raspberry Pi — a lot of jargon in that talk might have seemed Latin and Greek to you, but not in this series. In this series, the concepts of computer will be as clear as you are watching streaming media without any buffering.

AUTHORS

In a Nutshell is the section which summarizes the whole chapter and the Self-Evaluation section examines the students' understanding of computer concepts. Different types of exercises and activities have been included at the end of every chapter to inculcate the students with an urge to seek answers.

We welcome constructive suggestions and any feedback to make this series more comprehensive, relevant, updated and useful both for the teachers and the learners. You may mail us at [email protected]

To make the chapters exciting, projects have been given that encourage the students to try out for themselves, to instill in them the confidence before they embark on making their own project using that software. Each project in the chapter presents a practical problem and complete solution in an easy-to-understand approach. Each of the tasks required to complete a project is identified throughout the development of the project.

To produce a visually appealing and easy to understand book, we have artfully combined the latest technology, pictures, drawings and text in this series. Most of the pictures in this series show a step-by-step pedagogy, which simplifies the more complex computer concepts. The terms and examples described in this series are those which everyone will come across while using computers in school as well as at home.

The series also throws light on the cybercrimes and cyber security issues, thereby encouraging students to be good digital citizens. It includes all the software programs required to be at par with the current global education system. We have also provided our web portal to give one stop solution for Tool Based Learning.

The contents in this series are hand-picked by a panel of experts, including Ms. Nisha Batra, Jr. Headmistress and HOD Computer Department, St. Mary’s School, Delhi and Dr. Richa Verma, Sr. Headmistress, KIIT World School, Delhi. This selection of contents will answer the need of students and shape their minds to stand apart from the crowd.

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CONTENTSComputer - Its Classification 5

Writer - Editing & Formatting 70

Computer - Inside the System Unit 14

Internet - Surfing & Security 59

Ubuntu - Customizing & Personalizing 21

KTurtle - More Commands 39

Writer - Inserting Graphics 84

Scratch - Introduction 48

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5

•What is a Computer? •Classification of Computers •According to Purpose •According to Size

•Writer •Project: Mobile Computer •Editing Text – Spelling and Grammar Check, Using Thesaurus •Formatting Text

•System Unit •Components Inside the System Unit— Motherboard, CPU, Memory, Disk Drives, SMPS, Adapter Cards, Ports

•Internet •Search Engine •Web Browser •Mozilla Firefox •Best Practice for Online Safety •Responsibilities of a Digital Citizen

•Ubuntu •Ubuntu GNOME Desktop •Installing & Removing a Program •Changing Desktop Background •Changing Date and Time •Changing Resolution and Orientation of Screen •Setting Up Workspace

•KTurtle •Repeat Command •Print Command •Colors in KTurtle

•Inserting Graphics •Inserting Objects from Gallery •Bullets and Numbering •Adding Text Border •Saving a Document •Shortcut Keys

•Introduction to Computer Language •Scratch •Starting Scratch •Project: Make the Cat Draw a Circle •Saving a Project

Worksheet

National Cyber OlympiadAdditional Information

Project Work

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Topics Covered

Computer - Its Classification

Hi friends! Welcome to the new class. Till now,

you must be familiar with the computer. Now

it’s time to learn the different types of

computers available today.

According to Purpose According to Size

Analog Digital Hybrid

COMPUTER

A computer is an electronic machine that takes instructions from us and gives the result after processing them.

Computer works very fast and can do millions of tasks in a second. It can be classified into different ways according to its different shapes, sizes, and working.

Mobiledevice

Microcomputer

Mainframecomputer

Supercomputer

Server

What is a Computer?

Classification of ComputersA computer that is used at home differs in size and shape from the computer used by scientists for research.

The following chart shows you the classification of computers:

1. According to Purpose 2. According to Size

Basically, a computer can be classified into two ways:

• • • •What is a Computer? Classification of Computers According According to Purposeto Size

at e

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An example of hybrid computer is the ECG machine used in hospitals to measure the heartbeat of patients. We use hybrid computers in weather forecasting too.

ECG Machine

ANALOG COMPUTERAn analog computer takes different inputs and gives an approximate result after comparison. It works on the principle of analogous data.

A clinical thermometer, voltmeter, speedometer, fuel gauge, and scale machine are some of the examples of Analog computers.

Microcomputer, laptop, digital wrist watch, calculator, etc., are some of the examples of digital computers.

A digital computer works on the principle of binary mathematics. In binary, all calculations are represented as '0' and '1'.

Microcomputer Laptop Computer Digital Wrist Watch Calculator

HYBRID COMPUTERHybrid computers are the combination of both analog and digital computers. A hybrid computer system offers a cost-effective method that is used to perform complex simulations.

According to purpose, computers can be categorized into three types:

According to Purpose

DIGITAL COMPUTER

Thermometer Fuel Gauge Scale MachineSpeedometerVoltmeter

ECG Machine

i Laptop Computer

Update Your Knowledge

! The world's first commercial electronic digital wrist watch was introduced by Hamilton.! The first electronic digital computing device was Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC).

! The biggest digital clock is the Lichtzeitpegel (‘Light Time Lever’) on the television tower Rheinturm in Dusseldorf, Germany.

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According to size, the computers are classified into five groups:

SUPERCOMPUTER

Speed: They can process 1 trillion instructions per second.

Location: They are found in big organizations.

Description: Supercomputer is the biggest and the most powerful computer. It is a very expensive computer. It can perform large and complex calculative tasks at a very high speed.

Size: It is the biggest computer. It is as big as the size of a room.

Uses: Supercomputer is used in weather forecasting, nuclear power stations, military simulation, research laboratories, and animation movies.

Supercomputer

Description: Mainframe is also a large and powerful computer, but it is less powerful than a Supercomputer. It is also an expensive computer. Mainframe has a capacity to host multiple operating systems. Mainframe computer was first developed by IBM.

MAINFRAME COMPUTER

Speed: It can process millions of instructions per second.

Size: It is large, normally the size of a closet.

Uses: It is mostly used for scientific research and doing bulk mathematical operations.

Location: It is mostly found in large business houses or government centres.

Mainframe

According to Size

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Description: Server is the lifeblood of any network. It controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information.

Size: Some servers are big and some are small. It all depends upon their usage.

SERVER

Location: It is mostly found in offices, banks, and schools.

Speed: Speed of servers is increasing day-by-day.

Uses: Servers support from two to several thousand connected computers at the same time.

Server

Uses: Used for creating documents, doing calculations, keeping records, etc.

Size: Designed small enough to be used by a single person.

Location: It is mostly found in offices, homes, and schools.

Description: A microcomputer is often called a Personal Computer (PC). T h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t p a r t o f a m i c r o c o m p u t e r i s microprocessor, also called its brain. Peripherals such as keyboard, mouse, and monitor are parts of a microcomputer system.

Speed: Speed of a microcomputer is increasing day-by-day.

MICROCOMPUTER

Desktop Computers and Laptop Computers are the types of Microcomputer.


! The world's fastest Supercomputer according to Top 500 Super computers in the list of 2009 is Cray XT5, also known as Jaguar.

! The first supercomputer was CRAY-I, developed by CRAY Research Inc., USA.

! The first Indian Supercomputers are Param 10000 and Anurag. ! IBM Roadrunner was crowned No. 1 in June 2009 after becoming the world’s fastest Supercomputer.

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Tablet PC is a special type of portable computer which has a touch screen. You can use a tablet by touching the screen with your finger or a digital pen. Nowadays, latest tablets resemble smartphones; the only difference is that they are larger than smartphones.

Tablet PC

Uses: It can also be connected to a personal computer for exchanging information.

Description: A Mobile device is used to store data permanently on memory inside it or on small storage media such as memory cards.

Location: It is mostly found everywhere.

Size: Small enough to carry in a bag or a pocket.

Speed: Speed of mobile device is increasing day-by-day.

MOBILE DEVICES

Tablet PC, Smartphones, E-book Readers, Smartwatches, Digital Camera, and Game Console are the types of Mobile devices.

Desktop Computer

A laptop computer is also called a notebook c o m p u t e r . A l a p t o p c o m p u t e r i s a s m a l l , lightweight computer that you can easily carry from one place to another. A laptop computer has a built-in keyboard, touchpad, and display screen.

Laptop Computer

Laptop Computer

A desktop computer is a computer made for use on a desk in schools, homes, and offices. A desktop computer is designed in such a way that the system unit, input devices, output devices, and all other devices fit entirely on a desk or a table.

Desktop Computer

Tablet PC

Desktop Computer

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Smartphone is an Internet-enabled phone. In addition to basic phone facilities, it allows you to send and receive e-mail messages and access the Internet, usually for an additional fee. Many smartphones also function as a media player, and include a digital camera so that you can capture an image and share it with others.

Smartphone

Smartphone

E-book ReaderAn e-book reader (electronic book reader) is a handheld device that is used primarily for reading e-books. E-book is the electronic version of a printed book. Most e-book readers have a touch screen and are Internet-enabled.

A smartwatch is a mobile device with a touchscreen display, designed to be worn on the wrist. It can either work on its own or paired with a smartphone. It can show you the time, track your physical activities and show notifications like messages, emails, calls, and social networks.

Digital CameraA digital camera is a mobile device that allows users to take pictures and store photographed images digitally, instead of traditional film. After taking the photograph, you can download a copy of the image from the digital camera to the hard disk of the computer.

Game ConsoleA game console is a mobile computing device designed for single player or multi-player video games. Standard game consoles use a handheld controller as an input device; a television screen as an output device; and hard disks, optical discs, and memory cards for storage. Three popular models are Microsoft Xbox 360, Nintendo Wii, and Sony PlayStation 4.

Microsoft Xbox 360 Nintendo Wii

Sony PlayStation 4

E-book Reader

Smartwatch

Smartwatch

Digital Camera

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2. The computer that works on the principle of binary mathematics is . ..........

3. An example of Mobile device . .....................is

4. A laptop computer is also called a computer. .....................

A. Tick [ü] the correct answer.

1. The computer that gives an approximate result after comparison is ...........

a. Digital b. Micro c. Analog

a. Hybrid b. Digital c. Analog

a. Desktop b. Mainframe c. Smartphone

a. Smartphone b. Tablet PC c. Notebook

2. Many users can work simultaneously on a Mainframe computer.

1. Supercomputers are used in schools and offices.

5. Digital camera is a mobile device that allows users to take pictures.

3. Desktop computers can be carried around conveniently.

B. Write ‘T’ for True and ‘F’ for False statements.

4. Mobile computers are the largest computers.

C. Fill in the blanks.

1. In computer, all calculations are represented as 'o' and '1'...........................

2. Microcomputers are also called ..............................................

...................................3. is a mobile device designed to be worn on the wrist.

4. is one of the popular models of game console......................................

$ Computers are classified into two categories: according to purpose and according to size.

$ According to purpose, computers are classified into three categories: Analog, Digital, and Hybrid.

$ According to size, computers are classified into five categories: Supercomputers, Mainframe, Server, Microcomputer, and Mobile device.

ExercisesE

In a Nutshell

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2. Tablet PC b. Developed by IBM

D. Match the following.

1. Desktop a. Game Console

5. Mainframe Computer e. Has a touch screen

3. E-book c. Is placed on a table or a desk

4. Sony Playstation d. Electronic book

.......................................................... ..........................................................

..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

.......................................................... ..........................................................

3. What do you mean by Microcomputer? Name its types.

..............................................................................................................................

.......................................................... ..........................................................

.......................................................... ..........................................................

E. Differentiate between the following.

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

.......................................................... ..........................................................

..............................................................................................................................

You are going on an adventure trip organized by your school. Which device do you think you should carry that would give you the convenience to keep in touch with your family and would serve a variety of purposes?

.......................................................... ..........................................................

2. Supercomputer Mainframe

1. On which basis can computers be classified?

.............................................................................................................................

1. Analog Computer Digital Computer

2. What is the use of server?

G. Application Based Question.

F. Answer the following questions.

.............................................................................................................................

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Activity Label

Activity Section

Label the following chart showing classification of computers.

COMPUTER

Activity Match

Match each image in the middle column with a line which best describes it in the left and right columns.

It is normally the size of a closet.

Mostly found in government centres

Fit entirely on a desk or a table

Mostly found in schools, homes, and offices

A small and portable computer

Has a built-in keyboard and a display screen

Also function as a media player and a digital camera

An Internet-enabled phone

Mainframe

Laptop

Desktop

Smartphone

Collect pictures of different types of computers from newspapers or

magazines and paste them in your activity book.

Divide the students into two groups and discuss the topic, ‘Different Types of

Mobile Devices’.

Project Work

Group Discussion

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Computer - Inside the System Unit

Topics Covered

• • —System Unit Components Inside the System Unit Motherboard, CPU, Memory, Disk Drives, SMPS, Adapter Cards, Ports

The electronic components and most of the storage devices of a computer reside inside the system unit.

Other devices, like keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, speakers, etc., normally occupy space outside the system unit.

System unit is the most important part of the computer system. It protects the internal electronic components from damage. It is also called computer case.

System unit is a box-like case that stands near the monitor. Some system units are also placed below the monitor.

Components inside the system unit include—Motherboard, CPU, Memory, Disk

Drive, Power Supply, and Ports.

System Unit

Hi friends! Have you ever seen inside the

big box kept near the monitor? Let’s

study what this box contains.

System Unit

Components Inside the System Unit

MOTHERBOARD

Motherboard

It holds many electronic components such as the processor (CPU) and main memory.

It also provides connectors for other devices like mouse, keyboard, monitor, etc.

A Motherboard is a large circuit-board inside the system unit. It is also known as System board or Main board.

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Just like your brain controls every part of your body, the computer also has a brain which controls its every part. That brain of the computer is called Central Processing Unit (CPU).

All devices that are connected to the computer first communicate with the CPU in order to carry out a task. CPU is also called Processor or Microprocessor.

CPU

CPU

As we all have memory that helps in remembering the things, computer also has a memory which remembers many things by storing data inside it. Memory in the computer is measured in Bits and Bytes. Computer memory usually consists of one or more chips such as RAM and ROM on the motherboard.

RAM (Random Access Memory)RAM is called the primary memory or main memory that stores data and instructions temporarily in the computer.

When you start the computer, certain files get loaded from a storage device such as hard disk into RAM. These files remain in RAM as long as the computer is running. The program or work you execute on the computer also gets stored in RAM temporarily, till the time the computer is running.

Speed Of CPUThe speed of CPU is measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz). The faster the speed of the CPU, the faster the computer can operate. The speed of CPU is increasing day-by-day.

RAM is a volatile memory. It loses its contents when the power is switched off. For this reason, you must save all items you may need in the future. Saving is the process of copying data from RAM to the hard disk.

RAM

MEMORY - RAM & ROM

500 Mhz 933 Mhz 1.0 GHz 2.0 GHz 3.0 GHz


If the processor is the 'brain' as it controls every device of computer, then the motherboard is certainly the 'spine' onto which all other devices are connected.


A peripheral device is a device you connect to a computer to expand its capabi l i t ies. e.g. microphone, printer, scanner, external hard drive, webcam, and speakers.

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ROM (Read Only Memory)ROM is the Read Only Memory from which the information can only be read. As the name ‘read only’ suggests, the data on ROM chips cannot be modified.

ROM

ROM stores data or instructions that need to be permanent. Its contents are created at the time of manufacturing and cannot be changed. It helps the computer to get started.

ROM is a non-volatile memory that means its contents are not lost when the power is switched off.

Disk drives are used for storing data, instructions, and information for future use. Some drives are also used for reading information. Hard disk drive, CD-ROM/DVD drive and Blu-ray drive are the drives fitted inside the system unit.

DISK DRIVES

Hard Disk DriveThe hard disk drive is used to store data and information for future use. Most computers have one hard disk located inside the system unit.

Hard Disk Drive

CD-ROM/DVD Drive

CD-ROM/DVD DriveA CD-ROM/DVD drive reads information stored on compact discs (CDs) or DVDs.

Blu-ray DriveA Blu-ray drive reads information stored on compact discs (CDs), DVDs, or Blu-ray discs.

Blu-ray Drive

Many personal computers plug in standard wall outlets, which supply an alternating current (AC) of 115 to 120 volts. This type of power is unsuitable for use with a computer, which requires a direct current (DC) ranging from 5 to more than 15 volts. The SMPS converts the wall outlet AC power into DC. There is a fan built into the power supply that keeps the power supply cool.

SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply)

SMPS16

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An adapter card is a circuit-board that is fitted in the socket on motherboard. It enhances the functions of various components of the computer. opular adapter cards are Sound card, Some pVideo card, Modem card, Network card, etc. Nowadays, all the

ADAPTER CARDS

Adapter Card

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latest motherboards include all necessary capabilities and do not require adapter cards. Some motherboards may require adapter cards to provide capabilities, such as sound and video.

PORTSPorts are a number of holes and slots, into which you plug in computer devices like keyboard, mouse, etc. In a typical desktop computer, the back of the system unit contains ports. In a laptop, these ports are on the sides.

Network Port

Card Reader

Port

MonitorPort HDMI

PortUSB

Ports

CD Drive MicrophonePort

SpeakerPort

Ports at the side of Laptop

PowerPort

Ports at the back of System Unit

Power Port

USBPorts

HDMIPort

MonitorPort

SpeakerPort

MicrophonePort

Network Port

Popular Ports

USB Port

Speaker Port

USB Port: Universal serial bus or the USB port which connects devices, such as a mouse, keyboard, printer etc. to a computer.

Display Port: Display port which connects the monitor to the computer using the cable. These can be of different types, like Video Graphics Array (VGA) and High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), depending on the requirement.

VGA Port

HDMI Port

Audio Port: Audio ports help to connect microphone, speakers, and headphones to a computer system.

Microphone Port

Network Port: It is used to connect the Internet and network cable.

Power Port: It is used to connect the computer system to the power supply. Power Port

Network Port

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a. RAM b. ALU c. System Unit

3. Speed of a CPU is measured in . .......................

5. converts the wall outlet AC power into DC........................

6. drives are used for holding data and instructions for future use..................

a. Hard Disk b. RAM c. ROM

2. Speed of the CPU is measured by speedometer.

4. RAM stores the data permanently.

1. protects the internal electronic components from damage........................

2. controls every part of computer........................

a. Motherboard b. CPU c. CD-ROM

a. MHz b. GHz c. Both a. & b.

4. ....................... is a volatile memory.

a. CPU b. SMPS c. Ports

a. ROM b. CPU c. Disk


1. Motherboard is also known as system board.

3. Hard disk drive reads information stored on CDs/DVDs.

5. An adapter card is fitted in the socket on the motherboard.

$ CPU is the brain of computer which controls its every part.

$ Disk drives are used for holding data, instructions, and information for future use.

$ SMPS is used to convert AC power into DC.

$ An adapter card enhances the functions of various components of the computer.

$ Ports are used to plug in computer devices.

$ RAM is called the primary memory or main memory.

$ System Unit is a box that stands near the monitor.

ExercisesE

In a Nutshell

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1. A is a large circuit-board inside the system unit...................................

2. CPU is also called or ................................... ...................................

3. is called primary memory....................................

4. port is used to connect the Internet and network cable.........................

5. are a number of holes and slots into which you plug in ........................computer devices.


D. Write the full form of the following.

........................................................ .........................................................

RAM ROM

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

1. What is System Unit?

........................................................ ..........................................................

.............................................................................................................................

4. What are the uses of Ports? Write down the names of some ports.

G. Application Based Question.

2. What is Motherboard?

.............................................................................................................................

........................................................ ..........................................................

At home, your younger sister asked you where the computer stores information and other stuff. What would be your reply?

.................................................................................................................................

3. What is the significance of ‘speed of CPU’?

1. CPU ............................................................................................ .......................


.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

2. RAM ................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................3. ROM

...............................................................................................................4. SMPS

.............................................................................................................................

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Activity Crossword

Activity Section

P

O

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R A D

A

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A

D

H I K

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2

3 4

5

6

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8

Solve the crossword puzzle.

2. Used to store data and information

1. Also known as Main Board

3. Also called CPU

7. Also called main memory

4. Fitted in the socket on the motherboard

8. A read-only memory

5. Converts AC power into DC

6. A number of holes and slots

Activity Match

Match the following pictures with their port name.

HDMI Port

Monitor Port

Power Port

Speaker Port

USB Port

Network Port

Project Work

Group Discussion

Collect the pictures of components inside the system unit from magazine or Internet and paste them in the boxes given below. Also, write their names.

....................................... ....................................... .......................................

Divide the students into two groups and discuss the topic, ‘Different

components inside the system unit’.20

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Ubuntu - Customizing & Personalizing

Topics Covered

Ubuntu (OS) recognizes input from an input device such as keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.; coordinates the display of output on the monitor; instructs a printer how and when to print information as output; and manages data and instructions in memory, and information stored on a disk.

Ubuntu is a free open-source Linux distribution. It is the most popularly used desktop operating system developed by Canonical Ltd. It controls the overall activities of the computer as well as the operation of each and every part of it.

One of the functions of Ubuntu is to start or restart the computer, and this process of starting and restarting a computer is known as booting.

Ubuntu is an ancient African word, which means ‘humanity toward others’ or ‘I am because we are’.

Ubuntu can be downloaded free of cost by clicking on the ‘Download’ link http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop.

STARTING UBUNTU 18.04

After downloading and installing, when you turn on your computer, Ubuntu starts automatically and you see a screen. You may be Password asked to enter the password. After entering the password, you will get a screen as shown on the right. This screen is known as Ubuntu .Desktop Ubuntu Desktop

Ubuntu

Hi kids! In your previous class, you learnt

how to start and shut down Ubuntu, which is

an operating system. In this class, you will

move ahead and learn more about Ubuntu.

• • • •Ubuntu Ubuntu GNOME Desktop Installing & Removing a Program Changing Desktop Background Changing Date and Time • •Changing Resolution and Orientation of Screen Setting Up Workspace•

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Ubuntu GNOME desktop has two easily noticeable parts: the panel on the top and the Dock on the left side of the desktop.

GNOME (GNU Network Object Model Environment) is a desktop environment of Ubuntu, which provides you with an easy-to-use on-screen interface.

Ubuntu GNOME Desktop

Components of Ubuntu GNOME desktop

Dock

Show Applications

PanelActivities Date & Time System Properties

Panel appears at the top of the screen, which looks like the menu bar of a program.

On the left side of the panel, there is an Activities button. In the middle of the panel, you will find the Date and time. On the right side of the panel, there are several status icons. These icons are System properties that allow you to perform certain functions.

PANEL

The Activities button is used to access your windows and applications in the overview. A search bar appears at the top of the overview screen. You can also start typing in the search bar to search your applications, files, folders, etc.

Activities

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This icon displays the current date and time. Clicking on this icon brings up the Date and Time menu which includes the current date, a month-by-month calendar, a list of your upcoming appointments and new notifications.

Date and Time

In the far right corner of the panel, there are individual icons showing network connectivity, sound, and more. However, clicking on any of these icons opens up a single menu that will let you toggle volume, change your network, restart your computer, and perform other tasks.

System Properties

The first icon in the menu is the Volume icon which looks like a small speaker. It is used to adjust the volume settings of the computer.

Volume Icon

This icon is used to change the setting of the network.

Network Icon

You can switch to other users without logging out completely to give somebody else access to the computer.

User Icon

This icon is used for customizing and configuring many aspects of your Ubuntu system. Many of the customizing tasks are performed using the Settings icon.

Settings Icon

This icon is used to lock your computer to enhance the security of your computer. Once your computer is locked, anyone who tries to use your computer will first have to enter your password.

Lock Icon

This icon is used to restart or shut down your computer.

Power Off Icon23

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When you run any other program, an icon for that application also appears on the Dock.

The Dock is a long vertical bar that appears on the left side of the screen. You can add commonly used programs on it. If a program that you want to use is present in the Dock, you can click on that program icon, and it will start up, ready for you to use.

Dock usually has Show Applications grid at the bottom.

DOCK

SHOW APPLICATIONS Show Applications appears at the bottom of the Dock and has a grid of nine dots on it. It is a place from where you can find and run application programs, documents and other files on your system. It works in the same manner as the Start button of Microsoft Windows.

Show Applications

When you click on Show Applications, a screen will appear on the right. It displays a Search bar at the top, a list of all of the apps installed on your computer in a grid of icons below search bar and Filters at the bottom.

Filters: At the bottom, there are two options Frequent and All. When you click on Frequent, you will see your most frequently used programs and files. When you click on all, you will get all the programs installed in your computer.

Search bar: At the top of screen, you will see a Search bar. If you know the name of the program you want to run, or even the name of a document you want to open, you can start typing its name into the search bar. As you type, results will start to appear. The more you type, the more the results will appear. When you see your result (program or document), click on it to open.

Search Bar

List of all the

programs

FiltersShow Applications

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Usually, you will find many useful software programs pre-installed in Ubuntu 18.04. But if the Ubuntu does not come with the program that you need, you can install that particular program in Ubuntu by using Ubuntu Software.

Installing & Removing a Program

2. Click on Ubuntu Software icon in the Dock.

1. Connect to the Internet.

Ubuntu Software will appear.

If the Ubuntu software is not present on Dock, you can use Search bar of the Show Applications.

To see a list of all your installed programs, click the Installed tab at the top of the window.

3. Click on All tab.

4. Click on Search icon.

Search bar appears.

5. Click inside the Search box and type the name of the program you want to install.

OPENING UBUNTU SOFTWARE

The Ubuntu Software allows you to install software, view installed software, remove software, and track the progress of software installation.

If you click any software category, you will jump to a list of all the items available for that category, possibly with more subcategories. Application programs that are already installed are marked as ‘Installed’ over their icons, while those that are not installed are displayed just as the plain icon.

The Ubuntu Software main screen contains tabs at the top for All software, Installed, and Updates as well as a search bar. It contains a list of software categories and also a list of new software and recommended software at the bottom.

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6. When you see the program you want to install, click on it.

9. Click on Authenticate.

Authenticate dialog box will appear.

The program window will appear.

7. Click on Install button.

8. Type the password.

As you type, programs will start to appear. The more you type, the more options for the desired program will appear. In this example, we are installing Pencil2D program.

Installation process will begin.

This installation process will depend upon your Internet connection speed.

Once the installation is complete, two buttons Launch and Remove will appear.

You can click on Launch button to start the program. You can click on Remove button to remove the software program.

10. Click on Close button.

The icon for the installed program will appear in the Show Applications window.

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OPENING THE INSTALLED PROGRAM

2. Click on the Program icon in the list.

1. Click on Show Applications.

A list of installed programs will appear.

REMOVING THE INSTALLED PROGRAM

The Program icon will also appear in the Dock.

3. After you finish working with the program, click on Close button.

The program will appear.

2. Click on Search icon.

1. Click on Ubuntu Software icon.

Ubuntu Software will appear.

Search bar will appear.

3. Type the name of the program you want to remove.

The program window will appear.

4. When you see the program you want to remove, click on it.

5. Cick on Remove button.

6. Click on Remove button.

A dialog box will appear.

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Authenticate dialog box will appear.

7. Type the password.

8. Click on Authenticate.

Removing process will begin.

After removing the program, the Remove button will change to Install button which can be used to install the software program again. The program icon will also disappear from the Dock and Show Applications list.

If you have more than one opened window on your screen, you can easily switch between the windows. You can switch between one program to another by using the Dock.

The Dock displays an icon for each opened program on your screen.

You can work only in one program at a time. The active program appears in front of all other programs.

1. To display the program you want to work with, click on its icon in the Dock.

The program appears in front of all other programs. The icon in the D became ock highlighted.

In Dock, all programs that are running have a small red dot on the left side.

SWITCHING BETWEEN RUNNING PROGRAM WINDOWS

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1. Right-click the mouse on a blank area of your desktop.

2. In the menu, click on Change Background.

A menu will appear.

You can make your desktop background more beautiful by changing its wallpaper according to your choice. The background image that appears on your desktop is called wallpaper. You can even put your own picture or other pictures provided by Ubuntu in your computer.

Changing Desktop Background

3. Click on Background tab if it is not selected.

4. Click on Background.

The Settings dialog box will appear.

$ Select Wallpapers to use the background images that come with Ubuntu.

5. Click on any of the three tabs:

$ Select Pictures to use one of your own photos from your Pictures folder.

In this example, we have chosen Wallpaper.

$ Select Colors to just use a flat color.

6. Select any wallpaper by clicking on it.

7. Click on Select button.

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8. Click on Close button to close the Settings dialog box.

The selected wallpaper is applied on the desktop.

If the date and time displayed on the topmost bar are incorrect or in the wrong format, you can correct the date and time setup in your computer. Ubuntu uses the date and time to determine whenever you create and update your files.

Changing Date and Time

2. Click on Settings.

A drop-down menu appears.

1. Click on System properties icon.


3. Click on Details tab.

You can change how the hour is displayed by selecting 24-hour or AM/PM for Time Format.

The Details box will appear.

4. Click on Date & Time tab to open the panel.

5. Click on Date & Time.

To update your date and time manually, set this to OFF.

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7. After adjusting Date and Time, click on Close button to close all the dialog boxes.

6. Adjust the Date & Time according to you.

Date & Time box will appear.

LOCK YOUR SCREEN MANUALLY

2. Click on Lock.

1. Click on System icon.


The Lock screen will appear.

3. Click on Unlock key.

1. Press the Enter key to bring the Login page.

2. To unlock the screen, type the password.

UNLOCK YOUR SCREEN Your computer will still be on and all your applications will keep running, but you will have to enter your password to use your computer again.

Your desktop screen will appear.

Whenever you leave your computer desk, you can lock your computer to enhance the security of your computer. Once your computer is locked, anyone who tries to use your computer will first have to enter your password. When you return to your computer, you can unlock your computer by typing the password of your account.

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The resolution is the number of pixels (dots on the screen) in each direction that can be displayed. Each resolution has an aspect ratio, the ratio of the width to the height. Wide-screen displays use 16:10 or 16:9 aspect ratio, while traditional displays use 4:3 aspect ratio. By changing the screen resolution, you can change how big (or how detailed) things will appear on the screen.

By changing the orientation, you can change the way things should appear, if you have a rotating display.

You can set the resolution and rotation of your display.

Changing Resolution and Orientation

of Screen

2. Click on Settings.


1. Click on System icon.


3. Click on Devices tab.

4. Click on Displays tab to display its panel on the right.

5. Click on the drop-down list of Resolution and select the desired resolution.

16:9 aspect ratio

4:3 aspect ratio

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6. Click on the drop-down list of Orientation and select the desired orientation for your screen.

UBUNTU

UBUNTU

LandscapeScreen

PortraitScreen

A dialog box will appear.

7. Click on the option of Scale and select the desired scale for your screen.

8. Click on Apply.

UBUNTU

100% ScaleScreen

UBUNTU

200% ScaleScreen

The new settings will be applied for some seconds before reverting back.

If you do not like the new settings, your old settings will be automatically restored. Or you can click on Revert Settings.

If you are happy with the new settings, click on Keep Changes.

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You can make your computer screen manageable by organizing your running programs into two or more workspaces. Workspace appears on the right side of the activity overview, across from the Dock. Each workspace includes only the windows of the programs that you have assigned to that desktop. For example, you might have a productivity workspace that includes a word processor, a spreadsheet and Mozilla Firefox for research; a social desktop that includes Mail and Calendar; and a multimedia desktop that includes Music, Photos and Videos. You can switch from one workspace to another.

Setting Up Workspace

USING WORKSPACE1. Click on Activities to

open Activities Workspace.

2. Take your mouse pointer to the right-most side of the screen.

A vertical panel, also called workspace selector, will appear showing workspaces in use.

It also shows an empty workspace.

ADDING WORKSPACE1. To add a workspace,

drag a window from an existing workspace onto the empty workspace in the workspace.

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This workspace now contains the window you have dropped.

A new empty workspace will appear below it.

SWITCH BETWEEN WORKSPACES

2. Click on the window thumbnail to activate the workspace.

The thumbnail of the windows from selected workspace appears.

1. Click on a workspace in the workspace selector to view the open windows on that workspace.

3. Click on Move to workspace Down.

1. Open a program.

2. Right-click the program title bar.

MOVE A PROGRAM TO A DIFFERENT WORKSPACE

REMOVE WORKSPACE

Ubuntu moves the program to the selected workspace.

To remove a workspace, you can close all of its windows or move them to other workspaces.

There is always at least one workspace.

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a. Address b. Code c. Password

6. Wide-screen displays use a 4:3 aspect ratio.

5. You can use your own picture as a desktop wallpaper.

1. Ubuntu is a paid, licenced software.

4. When you leave your computer, you should the screen. .......................

5. To unlock the screen, you have to type the ...........................


a. Lock b. Bright c. Maximize

3. You can adjust the volume of audio in the computer.

4. You cannot switch between the running apps.

2. You cannot change date or time of your computer.

3. The background image that appears on your desktop is ...........................


1. is a free open-source Operating System...............................

a. Windows b. Ubuntu c. Mac OS

a. Poster b. Wallpaper c. Painting

a. Booting b. Turn ON c. Start Up

2. The process of starting or restarting a computer is called .........................

$ GNOME is a desktop environment of Ubuntu, which provide you with an easy-to-use on-screen interface.

$ Ubuntu is a free open-source operating system.

$ The orientation is used to change the way things should appear in a rotating display.

$ Resolution is the number of pixels (dots on the screen) in each direction that can be displayed.

$ Wallpaper is the background image on our desktop.

$ Show Applications is a place from where you can find and run application programs, documents and other files on your system.

In a Nutshell

ExercisesE

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3. icon is used restart or shut down your computer.............................

4. ratio tells the ratio of width to height of each resolution............................

D. Define the following.

..............................................................................................................................

4. What is the need of locking your computer?

..............................................................................................................................

1. Dock: ...................................................................................................................

E. Answer the following questions.

5. The is the number of pixels in each direction that can ................................... be displayed.

.............................................................................................2. Show Applications:

2. icon is used to enhance the security of your computer............................

..............................................................................................................................


..............................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................... 3. Wallpaper:

..............................................................................................................................

1. What is Ubuntu? Write down its any one function.

..............................................................................................................................

1. You can install any program in Ubuntu by using .........................................

..............................................................................................................................

2. Name the components of Ubuntu GNOME Desktop.

..............................................................................................................................

3. What is the use of changing desktop background?

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

5. What is the benefit of setting up workspaces?

Rahul is working on Ubuntu. He wants to install a new software. Which option will he use to install the new software?

F. Application Based Question.

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Activity Section

Activity Encircle

Encircle the names of apps by looking at clues. One is done for you.

Lab ActivityOpen Ubuntu and work with multiple apps by using the following steps:

2. Click the Files button on the Dock to open the Files window.

Part A: Running Mozilla Firefox, the Writer and Tux Paint

3. Click on Show Applications Button. Type Tux Paint in the search bar and then click the Tux Paint app search result to run the Tux Paint app.

1. Display the desktop and then click the Mozilla Firefox app button on the Dock to run Mozilla Firefox.

Part B: Switching among the windows

1. Press Alt+Tab to switch to the next opened window.

2. Click on any icon on the Dock which is running. E.g. select Mozilla Firefox icon to switch to Mozilla Firefox window.

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A T E A N D T I M ED

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KTurtle - More Commands

Topics Covered

KTurtle uses turtle to draw figures and lines on screen. Turtle can move right, left, backward and forward on our commands or instructions. When the turtle moves, it draws a line.

Before moving ahead, let's first revise the commands previously done.

KTurtle is a programming language. It is used to draw different shapes and figures.

Dear children, you studied about KTurtle

and its commands in the previous class.

Now, let's move ahead and learn some

more interesting commands of KTurtle.

Backward (bw) This command is used to draw a line by moving the turtle in backward direction, by a given number of steps.

Spriteshow (ss) This command is used to show the hidden turtle again on the screen.

Center This command is used to bring the turtle back to the center of Main screen from any position.

Forward (fw) This command draws a line by moving the turtle in forward direction, by a given number of steps.

Turn Right (tr) This command is used to rotate the head of the turtle towards right by given number of turns.

Turn Left (tl) This command is used to rotate the head of the turtle towards left by given number of turns.

Spritehide (sh) This command is used to hide the turtle, so that it disappears from the screen.

Penup (pu) This command is used to lift the turtle pen up and let it move without drawing any line on the screen.

• • • •KTurtle Repeat Command Print Command Colors in KTurtle

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Repeat CommandRepeat command is used to reduce the number of commands to a single command.

Syntax:

After typing the above set of commands, you will get a square.

fw 100 (Press the Enter key)

But, did you notice that the set of commands fw 100 and tr 90 in the above commands is repeated four times?

Look at the following commands to draw a square.


tr 90 (Press the Enter key)





repeat 4 {fw 100 tr 90}


Therefore, there is no need of writing the same commands four times. We can use REPEAT command to draw the square.

repeat <space> <Number of times> <space> {Command to be repeated}

Using the REPEAT command, the command to draw a square, therefore, becomes

In the above command, the fw 100 tr 90 is repeated 4 times as there are 4 turns in the square.

Pendown (pd) This command will again put the turtle pen down and let it start drawing again on the screen.

Reset This command is used to erase everything in the drawing area of screen and bring back the turtle to its home position.

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You can draw polygons such as triangle, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon and octagon by using REPEAT command.

For making any polygon shape, the turtle has to walk around the edges and turn through 360 degree before coming back to home. To understand how much turn the turtle will take to complete a triangle shape, let’s take an example. The turtle takes x turns for an x-sides polygon; the extent of each turn will be 360/x degrees. As the triangle has 3 sides, the turtle will turn 120 degree (360/3).

TriangleIn a triangle, there are three sides. Therefore, the turtle will turn 120 degree i.e. (360/3). So, the command will be written as

repeat 3 {fw 100 tr 120} repeat 3 {fw 100 tr 120}

DRAW POLYGONS

OctagonIn an octagon, there are eight sides. Therefore, the turtle will turn 45 degree i.e. (360/8). So, the command will be written as


PentagonIn a pentagon, there are five sides. Therefore, the turtle will turn 72 degree i.e. (360/5). So, the command will be written as


Hexagon


In a hexagon, there are six sides. Therefore, the turtle will turn 60 degree i.e. (360/6). So, the command will be written as


Similarly, you can draw other polygon shapes. 41

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DRAW CIRCLE OR CURVESYou can also draw circles, semicircle and curves by using REPEAT command. A

full circle is drawn with 360° and a semicircle with 180°.

For making circle, type the command: REPEAT 360 {fw 1 tr 1}

Here, will turn the turtle slightly (just by one turn) to the right, and typing tr 1

fw 1 after this will move the turtle forward by one turtle unit. By repeating

these commands 360 times, the turtle will complete the circle.



Complete Circle

This command can also be written like this:

repeat 40 {fw 7 tr 360/40}

You can use following command to draw a circle of small size.

However by using the above command, the circle drawn will be very big. The size of circle can be reduced by increasing the number of steps in fw command and number of degrees in tr command. As the fw and tr increase, the number of repetitions decreases, so is the size of circle.

After learning how a circle is drawn, let us learn how a semicircle is drawn in KTurtle.


You are not required to find the number of turns; just divide 360 by the number of repetitions, as given in the above example.


Half Circle


To draw the semicircle, the following sequence of commands are used.

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You can use PRINT Command to display a letter, a number, a word, or a sentence in the Editor window.

Print Command

The written message should be closed in quotes “ ”.

For example:

It will print the message in Canvas:

PRINT “Computer is an electronic device.”

Computer is an electronic device.

Syntax: print “Text”

PRINT MESSAGE

The mathematical operations are not enclosed in quotes “ ”. If they are enclosed in quotes or brackets, they are treated as a message.

For example:

print 60-10 (Press the Enter key)

print 11*5 (Press the Enter key)

To add any two numbers:

PRINT command is also used to perform calculations in KTurtle. It can perform mathematical operations like:

To subtract any two numbers:

It will print the answer in Canvas: 55


print 50+30 (Press the Enter key)

To multiply any two numbers:

Addition (+), Subtraction (-), Multiplication (*) and Division (/).

To divide any two numbers:

print 100/2 (Press the Enter key)



PERFORM CALCULATION

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Colors in KTurtle

CANVAS COLOR

Syntax: canvascolor R,G,B

CANVASCOLOR is used to set the color of canvas as the specified color. Type the RGB combination of any color in front of the command.

For example: canvascolor 255,0,0

Two commands canvascolor and pencolor are used to apply color on canvas. These commands need an RGB combination.

You can color the screen by filling the colors in drawing and change color of Turtle (pen) by using some particular commands.

RGB combinations are used to describe colors. The ‘R’ stand for ‘red’, the ‘G’ stands for ‘green’ and the ‘B’ stands for ‘blue’. An example of an RGB combination is 255,0,0: the first value (‘red’) is 255 and the others are 0, so this represents a bright shade of red. Each value of an RGB combination has to be in the range 0 to 255. Here is a small list of some often used colors:

PEN COLOR

fw 50

tr 90

The pen color of KTurtle is, by default, black. If you want to change the pen color, you can use PENCOLOR command.

For example: canvascolor 255,0,0

Syntax: pencolor R,G,B

fw 20

pencolor 255,255,255

canvascolor 255,0,0

canvascolor 255,0,0pencolor 255,255,255fw 20tr 90fw 50

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150,0,0 dark red

255,0,255 pink

0,0,255 blue

0,255,0 green

RGB combination Color

0,0,0 black

255,255,255 white

255,255,0 yellow

0,255,255 light blue

255,0,0 red

PMP

1. Which command is used to draw circle or semicircle in KTurtle?

2. Which command is used to change pen color in KTurtle?


a. Circle b. Repeat c. Print

2. PRINT command is also used to calculate numbers.

3. Combinations are used to describe colors in KTurtle...................

3. In print command, the written message should be closed in quotes.

4. KTurtle has 12 predefined colors.

5. Reset command is used to erase everything in drawing.

1. You can draw polygons easily using REPEAT command.

1. The turtle will make turns for drawing a triangle. ...............................

4. command changes the pen color of turtle................................


a. RGB b. RBG c. PGB

4. To draw a hexagon, the turtle will turn . ..........................


3. To change the Canvas color, use command................................

a. Repeat b. Canvas Color c. Pencolor

o o o a. 45 b. 55 c. 60

2. is the RGB Combination of ‘dark red’. ...............................

$ PRINT command is used to display a letter, a number, a word, or a sentence in the Editor window.

$ PRINT command is also used to perform calculations in KTurtle.

$ The pen color of KTurtle is, by default, black. If you want to change the pen color, you can use pencolor command.

$ CANVASCOLOR is used to set the color of canvas as the specified color.

$ REPEAT command is used to avoid the rewriting of same commands.

ExercisesE

In a Nutshell

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D. Write the full form of the following.

.............................. .............................. 3. tr 4. pu

1. Set pen color to blue: ........................................................................................

2. Draw a circle: ......................................................................................................

3. Fill the canvas with red color: ...........................................................................

F. Differentiate between the following.

1 fw 2 bw . . .............................. ..............................

E. Write the syntax for the following instructions:

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

1. What do you mean by KTurtle? What is the purpose of turtle?

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

CANVAS COLOR PEN COLOR

.............................................................................................................................

......................................................... ..........................................................

2. What is the use of REPEAT command?

......................................................... ..........................................................

.............................................................................................................................

3. What is the use of PRINT command?

G. Answer the following questions.

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

......................................................... ..........................................................

4. Name some polygon shapes you can draw using REPEAT command.

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

Your teacher wants you to draw a square by using a command in single line instead of multiple lines. Which command will you use?

..................................................................................................................................

H. Application Based Question.

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Activity Section

Activity Complete

B. Type the following group of commands and give its output in the space provided.

repeat 10 fw 5 tl 10}{


print 11x5

repeat 10 fw 5 tr 10}{

2. repeat 36 {fw 4 tl 10}

3. sh

pu


fw 30


print 60-10

1. repeat 10 {fw 5 tr 10}

print 50+3


fw 30

Complete the Repeat command to draw the following.

repeat 50 tr ........ ........ ........{ }

repeat fw tr } ........ ........ ........{

1. Square

3. Pentagon

repeat {fw tr 1} ........ ........

2. Semi-Circle

4. Hexagon

repeat {fw 50 tr }........ ........

Lab Activity

1. To display the message “I Love My Country”

3. To find sum of the first five odd numbers i.e. {1+3+5+7+9}

4. To find the difference between 55 and 33

2. To find the multiplication of 15 and 4

A. Write Print command for the following.

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Scratch - Introduction

Topics Covered

Hi friends! In this chapter, you will learn a simple

fun-based programming language that is used for

making games, animations, and interactive stories.

It provides a great introduction to programming

for people of all ages.

Introduction to Computer Language

Scratch

Mitchel Resnick

Children, you convey your feelings to your friends or family members through language by speaking or writing. There are many different languages (Hindi, English, Punjabi, etc.) which you use to talk. But to communicate with each other, there has to be a common language which both can understand.

Similarly, if you want to give any instructions to your computer, you must learn the computer language that it understands. A Computer Language is a special language understood by the computers. It consists of a set of words, symbols, and codes that is used to write a computer program. A computer program is a set of instructions given to a computer to get a particular task done.

Scratch is a free visual programming language, where you move blocks (also called bubbles) into a set order and then configure some of the blocks to create interactive stories, games, and animations. This language is fairly easy for anyone to learn, regardless of age. It enables you to quickly see the results of your work and even includes graphics and sounds.

Started in 2007, Scratch is a project of the Lifelong Kindergarten Group at the MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Media Lab, led by Mitchel Resnick.

• • • •Introduction to Computer Language Scratch Starting Scratch Project: Make the Cat Draw a Circle Saving a Project •

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SPRITES

ADVANTAGES OF SCRATCH

Starting Scratch

Scratch projects are made up of objects called sprites. You can give instructions to a sprite, telling it to move or play music, or react to other sprites. To tell a sprite what to do, you snap together graphic blocks into stacks called scripts. You can change how a sprite looks by giving it a different costume.

Scratch is easier to use than many other programming languages for many reasons:

$ You don’t have to remember or type any commands; they’re all on screen, so you can just drag and drop them.

$ Commands or blocks fit together like jigsaw pieces, so there are strong visual hints about how you can combine them.

$ The commands are color-coded and categorized, so you can easily find a command when you need it.

Scratch is a free open source software. By default, Scratch is not installed in Ubuntu 18.04. You have to download and install it on your computer from Ubuntu Software. Once installed, follow these steps to open Scratch.

In this chapter, we will work on Scratch 1.4 version, which was officially released in June 2009.

Sprite

1. Click on Show Applications button.

2. Type Scratch in the Search bar.

A window appears.

3. Click on Scratch icon.

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UNDERSTANDING SCRATCH WINDOWWhen Scratch starts up, you will see a screen similar to the one below. The different areas of the screen have been labeled for you.

Menu Bar: It is used to display drop-down menus that provide common commands to the user, such as open a file, create a new one, and save.

Stage: The Stage is a place where you see your stories, games, and animations come to life. Sprites move and interact with one another on the Stage.

Blocks Palette: This area shows all the blocks available to you for use in your programming. Note that the blocks palette will change depending upon the current block category. When you select a new block category, the blocks palette will change to reflect the new options available.

Scripts Area: Script is also known as program. The Scripts Area is a place where you make your programs in Scratch by assembling blocks there.

Tabs: Tabs allow you to see and change the current sprite.

! Scripts tab shows you any script that currently exists as well as helps you develop new scripts pertaining to the current sprite.

Blocks Menu: This area lists the eight categories of color-coded blocks. When you see a block of a specific color, you can quickly determine which category it comes from.

BlocksPalette

BlocksMenu

Sprite

Tabs

Scripts Area

Toolbar

Menu Bar Current Sprite Info Green Flag

Stop Button

Stage

New Sprite

Buttons

Sprites List

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! Grow tool is used to make sprites bigger.

! Sounds tab displays the sounds of the current sprite.

! Shrink tool is used to make sprites smaller.

Stop Button: You can click on the Stop Button to stop your main program.

Sprite: It is a small character that performs actions in the Scratch. There are a number of Sprites present in the Scratch, but the cat is the default sprite.

New Sprite Buttons: Using these buttons, you can paint a new sprite, choose a new sprite from a file, or get a surprise (random) sprite.

Sprites List: The cat is a ‘sprite’, which is like a character or object in a game. Your project might include lots of sprites. In the Sprites List, you can see all the sprites that are in your project and click them to switch between them.

! Delete tool is used to delete sprites, sounds, blocks, and scripts.

Toolbar: A number of tools exist for your use in the Toolbar.

! Costumes tab allows you to create (from scratch or from a file), edit, or copy the image of the sprite on-screen.

! Duplicate tool is used to duplicate sprites, sounds, blocks, and scripts.

Current Sprite Info: In this area, you will find the name and picture of the current sprite together with its x-y position, direction, and rotation style.

Green Flag: You can click on the Green Flag to start your main program.

Sound Blocks: These blocks control the playback and volume of musical notes and audio files.

Looks Blocks: These blocks change the sprite and background appearance, and provide the ability to display text.

Motion Blocks: These blocks control sprite placement, direction, rotation, and movement.

SCRATCH BLOCKS

The Scratch blocks are organized into color-coded categories. Each of these categories of code blocks is described in the following list:

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WORKING OF BLOCKSWhen you click on any of the eight categories of blocks, you can view the code blocks belonging to that category. When you click blocks in the Blocks Palette, the Sprite moves immediately. Now, move your sprite using Motion blocks.

If the cat gets to the edge of the Stage, drag it back again with your mouse.

Pen Blocks: These blocks can be used to draw using different colors and pen sizes.

Operators Blocks: These blocks perform arithmetic operations, rounding, and other logical comparisons.

Variables Blocks: These blocks can be used to store values and strings (text).

Control Blocks: These blocks trigger script execution based on predefined events, repeatedly execute programming logic using loops, and perform conditional logic.

Sensing Blocks: These blocks can be used to determine the location of the mouse-pointer, its distance from other sprites, and whether a sprite is touching another sprite or not.

1. Click the Motion button to show the various Motion blocks.

When you first start Scratch, Motion button is selected by default.

2. In the Blocks Palette, click the move 10 steps block.

The cat on the Stage moves in the direction of its face.

Each time you click the block, the cat moves once.

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When you click blocks in the Blocks Palette, the Sprite moves immediately; it will only test what blocks do, but it is not a program.

A program is a set of repeatable instructions that you can store up to carry out later. The Scripts Area is a place where you make your programs in Scratch by dragging the blocks from Blocks Palette and dropping them on top of each other.

1. Click the cat in the Sprites List.

2. Click the Scripts tab.

3. Click the Motion button.

For making a program, you have to drag the blocks into the Scripts Area from the Blocks Palette.

4. Select the turn clockwise 15 degrees block.

5. Drag the block from the Blocks Palette into the Scripts Area using the mouse.

This first block will turn the cat downwards.

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Project: Make the Cat Draw a Circle

Start

CREATING A PROGRAM

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Blocks will snap together. These joined blocks are called script or program.

6. Select the move 10 steps block, drag it into the Scripts Area, and place it under the turn clockwise 15 degrees block.

This second block will move the cat in the direction of its face.

7. Click on the number 10 to highlight and change it to 20.

The number determines how far across the screen you want the cat to move.

8. Click the Pen button to show the Pen blocks category.

9. Select the pen down block, drag it into the Scripts Area, and place it underneath the move 20 steps block.

This third block will leave a line behind it, when the cat moves.

10. Select the set pen size to 1 block, drag it into the Scripts Area, and place it underneath the pen down block.

This fourth block will change the thickness of line.

11. Click on the number 1 to highlight and change it to 20.

The number determines how thick the size of line will be.

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Now, run the script and check its working.

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RUNNING THE PROGRAM

Scratch carries out all the joined-up instructions in order, starting from the top and working its way down the blocks.

1. Click any of the joined-up blocks in Scripts Area.

In this program, the cat first rotates 15 degrees clockwise, moves 20 steps in the direction of its face, and leaves a thick line behind it.

On every click, Scratch carries out all the joined-up instructions in order, starting from the top and working its way down the blocks.

2. Keep clicking on the joined-up blocks in Scripts Area till the Sprite (cat) completes its circle.

So friends, your project

is now complete.

A project includes the sprites and scripts that are used in it. It is a good idea to save your projects, so you can reuse or modify them in future. The file extension of Scratch is .sb.

1. Click on File menu.

Navigate the location where you want to save the project.

4. Click on Save to save your project.

3. Type the name of your project in the New Filename text box.

2. Click on Save. Save Project dialog box appears.

Saving a Project

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Finish

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a. Sprites b. Costume c. Bubbles

a. Grow b. Shrink c. Duplicate

5. tool is used to make sprite bigger.......................

6. The file extension of Scratch is .ab.

5. To run the program, click outside the joined-up blocks of Script.

A. Tick [ ] the correct answer.ü

2. Green flag is used to start your main program.

4. The ‘move 10 steps’ block moves the cat in the direction of its face.

a. Toolbar b. Blocks Palette c. Menu Bar

1. .Scratch projects are made up of objects called ...........................

a. Operators b. Sensing c. Variables

3. The default sprite present in the Scratch is .......................

2. shows all the blocks available to you for use in programming......................

a. Dog b. Cat c. Mouse

4. blocks are used to determine the location of the mouse-......................pointer and its distance from other sprites.

3. Tabs allow you to see and change the current sprite.

1. Blocks Menu displays list of ten categories of color-coded blocks.


$ In Scratch, we have motion blocks, looks blocks, sound blocks, pen blocks, operators blocks, etc.

$ Scripts Area is a place where user can make programs by dragging the blocks from Blocks Palette.

$ Scratch project is made up of objects called ‘sprites’.

$ Scratch is a free visual programming language to create interactive stories, games, and animations.

$ A program is a set of repeatable instructions that we can store up to carry out later.

ExercisesE

In a Nutshell

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1. What is Scratch? Who invented it and when?

1. The is a place where you can make your programs in Scratch......................

....................... 2. To run the program, click any of the blocks in Scripts Area.



1. Computer Language: ........................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

4. block is used to leave a line behind, wherever sprite moves........................

3. is a small character that performs actions on the stage..............................

............................................................................................................................

2. Stage: ................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

4. Program: ............................................................................................................

3. Scripts Area: ......................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

2. Write down the advantages of Scratch.

............................................................................................................................

3. Name the categories of blocks present in Scratch window.

............................................................................................................................

4. What is Sprite? What is its role in Scratch?

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

5. What is the purpose of Scripts and Costumes tab?


Shikha has made a program in Scratch. She has added Motion blocks and Pen blocks. Now, she wants to run the program. Tell her how she will do so.

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Activity Section

Activity Label

Lab Activity

Make a project in Scratch by arranging the blocks as shown below and run

the project.

Label the following window.

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Internet - Surfing & Security

Topics Covered

• • • • •Internet Search Engine Web Browser Mozilla Firefox Best Practice for Online Safety •Responsibilities of a Digital Citizen

Hey friends! Internet provides

abundance of goods, services, and

information access to the people in

every nook and corner of the world.

Let us know more about it.

Largest network that links the computers worldwide

A network is defined as a group of two or more computer systems linked together. Internet is the largest network that links millions of computers with each other to share information across the world.

The biggest advantage of the Internet is that you can access it from a computer or mobile device anywhere: at home, at office, at school, or at a restaurant.

ARPANET stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. It was developed with the aim of sharing information on research and development in the field of science and technology. It was used only by the government officials and scientists.

The history of the Internet starts with the birth of the ARPANET, which was the first network of computers in the world. It was set up by the Department of Defense of the USA in 1969.

Later on, it was opened for the universities to spread education and share their resources. The network grew bigger and bigger, and led to the present-day Internet. Millions of people started having access to Internet by the mid 1990s. Today, almost all the companies of the world use Internet.

Internet

HISTORY OF INTERNET

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You know that Internet comes with many benefits, but unfortunately it has some drawbacks as well.

Advantages of Internet

$ You can send text messages to your friends through chatting.

$ You can listen to music and watch movies on Internet.

$ You can send and receive e-mail messages at a very fast speed.

$ You can play online games and make new friends.

$ You can buy books, toys and other products on the Internet.

$ Y ou can get information on any topic of your interest easily.

$ You can do video conferencing with a group of people.

Disadvantages of Internet

$ All information you get on Internet is not 100% accurate.

$ Nowadays, people make friends and play games on Internet. So, there is no direct connection with friends and family in reality.

$ People spend more time on Internet, surfing irrelevant websites which may affect their work or study.

$ Cybercrime is common nowadays on Internet. Your personal information can be misused on Internet.

$ There are several inappropriate contents on Internet which may not be suitable for children.

Another requirement for connecting to the Internet is modem. A modem is a short form for Modulator/ Demodulator. It is a device that receives data from the Internet and sends data from your computer to the Internet. There are two main types of modem: a dial-up modem and a digital modem.

To use Internet, you need a computer or a mobile device.

To connect to Internet, you need the following equipment:

Computer System

Modem

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INTERNET

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You often connect to the Internet through dial-up or broadband connection.

! A dial-up connection is the least expensive way to access the Internet but at slow-speed. With dial-up access, you use a computer, a dial-up modem, and a regular telephone line.

! Broadband is a high-speed Internet connection. With broadband access, you use a computer, a digital modem, and broadband line. With broadband, your computer is usually connected to Internet the entire time it is on.

The Internet connection is provided by different companies called Internet Service Providers (ISP). ISPs allow you to use Internet for a monthly charge. BSNL, Airtel, Tata Indicom, Reliance, Den, etc., are some of the ISPs in India.

ISP ISPINTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER

INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER

Internet Connection

Internet Service Provider

Yahoo!Google Bing

If you want any information on any topic for which you don't know the URL or address, you can get the information through Search Engine. Search Engine is a program that searches through the collection of web pages for a particular information. It allows users to enter any keyword for which it displays a list of websites with related information.

Some popular search engines are Google, Bing, and Yahoo.

Many search engines use a program called spider to display a list of all web pages that contain the word or phrase you entered. A spider reads pages on websites in order to create a catalog or index of hits. A hit is any web page name that lists as a result of a search.

Search Engine


Today, users often connect to the Internet via broadband Internet service because of its fast data transfer speed and its always-on connection.

Do You Know?

Dial-up connection is still used in remote areas, where Broadband facility is not available.

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Firefox is a web browser created by Mozilla team. Mozilla Firefox is an open source web browser which delivers safe and easy web browsing. It is characterized by its compatibility with all the operating systems, speed, number of add-ons and reliability.

Mozilla Firefox

A web browser, or simply browser, is a software program that allows you to browse the Internet and to open different websites. Mosaic was the first successful graphical web browser, developed by Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina in 1992, and released in 1993. More than one Web browser can be installed on a single computer.

Web Browser

Microsoft Internet Explorer: This web browser is the most widely used browser in the world. It was developed by Microsoft in 1995 as a supportive package to Microsoft Windows Operating System.

Mozilla Firefox: It is the most famous browser. It can be used on several operating systems including Windows, Macintosh, and Linux.

Google Chrome: Google Chrome is a browser developed by Google; it is faster, safer, and easier to install.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF WEB BROWSERS

To start Mozilla Firefox, you have to follow the steps as given below:

STARTING MOZILLA FIREFOX

1. Click on Show Applications button.

2. Type Firefox in the Search bar.

A window appears.

3. Click on Firefox icon.

2

Firefox appears with Ubuntu Start page and Google Search Engine.

4. When you finish browsing through the information on Web, click on Close (x) to close the Mozilla Firefox window.

If you are not currently connected to the Internet, a dialog box will appear that allows you to connect.

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Before working on the web browser, you should know about its components.

MOZILLA FIREFOX WINDOW

Tab: Tabs help you to open as many pages as you want in single browser window. The tab also shows the title of the displayed Web page.

Address bar & Instant Search box: It is used to type the URL (address) of a web page that you want to visit. This also gives you access to search information by using the Search engine.

Title bar: It shows the name of the current website.

Back & Forward buttons: Back button takes you to the previous page you were on. Forward button will display the same page on your screen on which you were working before using the Back button.

Refresh: It refreshes the current page to show the latest version. You can also refresh the current page by pressing F5 key from keyboard.

Menu: It displays the different settings of Web browser.

Sidebar: By clicking on this button, you will get a Sidebar which lets you access your bookmarks, history and synced tabs in one click.

Home: It displays the web page that appears each time you start Firefox.

View History & Bookmark: You can use Bookmark feature to save the URL of a website. There may be sites that you visit very often, in that case, you can make use of the Bookmark feature. You can view your favorites, reading list, browsing history, and current downloads from here.

Tab Refresh

MenuBack &Forward Button

Home View History & Bookmarks

Address Bar & Instant Search Box

Title Bar

Sidebar

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You can display any page on the web that you have heard or read about. You need to know the address of the web page that you want to view. Each page on the Web has a unique address, called Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

The web page/website appears on your screen.

1. Click on the Address bar to highlight the current web page/ website address.

2. Type the address of the web page/website you want to display and then press the Enter key.

DISPLAYING A SPECIFIC WEB PAGE

Links are also known as hyperlinks. A link connects text or an image from one web page to another web page. When you select the text or image, the linked web page appears.

SELECTING A LINK

2. Click on the word to display the linked Web page.

The mouse pointer changes to a hand [ ] when placed on a link.

1. Position the mouse pointer over a highlighted word or image of your interest.

The linked web page appears.

Address of the web page is displayed in the address bar.

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While using the Internet and working on your personal accounts (e-mail, social networking, banking, e-commerce, etc.), you need to be careful for unexpected things and follow these guidelines:

CHOOSE STRONG PASSWORDJust as you buy good quality locks for your home so that nobody can enter without a key, in the same way, you should choose strong password for your accounts like e-mail account. Passwords are the keys to your accounts—only the person with the key can access them.

NEVER STORE YOUR PASSWORDWhenever you open any account, many browsers can prompt you to save your passwords so that you do not need to type them each time you visit the same websites. You should never store the password. If you do, then anyone who uses your computer can easily use your account information.

Any unknown person may try to guess your password. So, you should make a password that is unique, strong, and not easily guessed by strangers or those close to you.

Best Practice for Online Safety

USE ANTIVIRUSYou should install a good antivirus program and then scan the entire computer, so that it is free of viruses and other attacks. You should update the antivirus program regularly.

NEVER OPEN UNTRUSTED EMAILYou should never open an email message with attachment or a link unless you are expecting it, or it is from a trusted source or the person you know. It can contain virus which is dangerous for your computer.


Antivirus is a software that is used to detect and remove viruses from computers. It can also protect your computer against a wide variety of threats.

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USE PRIVATE OR INCOGNITO MODE IN THE BROWSER

NEVER SHARE YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION

Always use private browsing while using the Internet at public places like Internet Cafe. By using private mode, your browser will not store passwords, temporary Internet files, and data entered by you when you exit the browser.

6. You should respect yourself and others by using kind words when you are online. You should make sure that these words do not harm others.

2. You should keep your computer safe and secure all the time.

If you are using the computer and the information generated by it then you are a digital citizen. Some of the responsibilities of a digital citizen while using computer are given below:

1. You should use your computer for educational purpose only when you are at school.

3. You should visit appropriate websites that promote learning and for educational purpose when you use Internet.

4. You should protect your private information.

5. You should always log out and should not share your password with anybody.

7. You should say no to misbehaviour when you are online. You must inform an adult if someone is being harmful.

Say no to

misbehavi

ng

You should never share your personal information such as your name, home address, telephone number, school name, your parents’ office address to any stranger on the Internet.

Responsibilities of a Digital Citizen

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is the largest network that links millions of computers. 1. .................

a. Television b. Internet c. Telephone

3. The Internet connection is provided by different companies called ..............

a. IPS b. ISP c. SPI


1. A web browser is the address of a web page.

2. The history of the Internet starts with the birth of ......................

4. Ubuntu.................. is the default web browser of

5. .Google Chrome is a web browser developed by .....................

2. Many search engines use a program called spider.

3. ARPANET is a popular web browser.

a. ARPANET b. Intranet c. Website

a. Microsoft b. Mosaic c. Google

a. Google Chrome b. Microsoft Edge c. Mozilla Firefox

5. You should always open an email message with attachment.

6. Never share your personal information with stranger on Web.

4. Always choose strong password to protect your account.

$ Web browser is used to open the web pages.

$ The Internet is the largest network that connects millions of computers across the world.

$ ARPANET was the first network of computers in the world.

$ Search engine is used to search a particular information.

$ Mozzila Firefox is the default web browser of Ubuntu.

$ Everybody should become a good digital citizen.

$ Everybody should learn the best practice for online safety.

ExercisesE

In a Nutshell

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..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

Shweta has to send birthday invitation to her family and friends through e-mail. She goes to a Cyber café for sending the E-mail. Tell her the feature with which she can use Internet in public area securely.

..............................................................................................................................


1. What are the advantages of Internet?

.............................................................................................................................

3. was the first successful graphical Web browser...............................

4. is a high-speed Internet connection...............................

5. A is any web page name that lists as a result of a search.......................

.............................................................................................................................

3. Search Engine: ...................................................................................................


..............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................


.............................................................................................................................

1. enables us to send and receive messages at a fast speed........................

1. Spider: ................................................................................................................

2. In 1969, the Department of Defense of USA developed ......................

..............................................................................................................................

3. What is the function of modem?

5. Write three responsibilities of a Digital Citizen.

..............................................................................................................................

4. Why should we choose strong password for our accounts?

2. Web Browser: ....................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

2. Name the different types of equipment required to connect Internet.

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................


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Activity Section

Activity Label

Label the following window.

$ Should we use private browsing in the public places? .................................

Suppose, Rishabh was chatting with a stranger on the Internet in cyber cafe. He also revealed his address and phone number to the stranger.

$ Did he do the right thing? ...................................

Open website ‘www.nineplanets.org’ using either browser or search engine.

$ Enter the keyword Nine Planets in the Search box and press key. A list of ' ' Enterwebsites will be displayed, which contains the information about the nine planets.

$ Click on to open nine planets website. ‘The Nine Planets Solar System Tour’ link

Collect the information and make a project file in Writer.

Using Web Browser:

$ Open Mozilla Firefox and enter the Web address or URL ‘www.google.co.in’ in the address box.

Using Search Engine:

$ Open Mozilla Firefox and enter the Web address or URL ‘www.nineplanets.org’ in the address box.

$ Press Enter key to open Google website which is a search engine.

$ Press Enter key to open nine planets website. Collect the information and make a project file in Writer.

Activity Quiz

Lab Activity

Divide the class into two groups and discuss the topic, ‘Advantages and

Disadvantages of Internet’.

Group Discussion

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Topics Covered

Writer- Editing & Formatting

LibreOffice Writer or Writer is one of the most popular open source word processing programs, which is used for creating, formatting and saving a document. It also provides different features such as Inserting and Deleting Text, Spelling and Grammar, Thesaurus, Find and Replace, Bullets & Numbering, Inserting images, shapes and others.

Writer

Project: Mobile Computer

Hello children! In the previous class, you learnt

about Writer and how to create a document. Now,

we will move further, and practice the different

editing and formatting features provided in Writer

through a wonderful project.

This project deals with creation of document, editing and formatting it. Now, let us create the project by using various features of Writer.

Start

• • •Writer Project: Mobile Computer Editing Text – Spelling and Grammar Check, Using Thesaurus •Formatting Text

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The text in a document is added with the help of a keyboard. To create the project first of all you will enter text into a new document.

ENTERING TEXT

The text you type will appear where the insertion point flashes on your screen.

1. Type the text for your document by pressing the keys on the keyboard.

The text appears to the left of the insertion point as you type.

To add more than one space between words, use Tab key rather than Spacebar.

The text in a document can be moved (cut) or copied from one location to another within a document or between the documents. Moving (cutting) a text means the text will disappear from its original location and appear at another location where it is pasted. Copying a text means the text will remain at its original place and also appear at the place where it is pasted.

Cut text ( )

2. Click on one of the following buttons:

1. Select the text you want to move or copy.

Copy text ( )

Editing Text

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Some words are underlined with red and blue color because Writer automatically underlines mis-spelled words in red and grammatical errors in blue.

MOVING AND COPYING

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In this example, we have chosen Copy text, so the text will remain in its original location too.

3. Click on the location where you want to place the text.

4. Click on Paste button ( ) to place the text in the new location.

The text will appear in the new location.

You may often find it necessary to add some text while typing or after typing a document. To shape things properly at one go is always not possible. You can easily add or insert new text in your document.

1. Click on the location in your

document where you want

to insert new text.

Insertion Point appears.

The text you type will appear

where the insertion point flashes

on the screen.

INSERTING TEXT IN DOCUMENT

2. Type the text you want to

insert.

The words to the right of the

new text move forward.

To insert a blank space, press

the Spacebar on the keyboard.

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You can remove or delete the text that is no longer needed.

2. Press the Delete key from

keyboard to remove the text.

1. Select the text you want to

delete.

The text disappears.

DELETING TEXT IN DOCUMENT

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UNDO FEATUREThe Undo feature is used to reverse the actions you take while working in a document. This feature is useful when you, by mistake, delete text and want to recover it. You can also press Ctrl+Z keys.

While inserting text in Writer, you might have noticed the words underlined with red and blue color. These wavy colored lines identify the spelling and grammatical mistakes in your document. The red wavy line shows the spelling mistakes, and the blue wavy line shows the grammatical mistakes.

The Writer compares every word of the document with the words in the dictionary. If the typed word does not match with the word in the dictionary, it is considered a misspelt and is underlined with red wavy line.

SPELLING AND GRAMMAR CHECK

Writer automatically underlines misspelt words in red.

1. Click on Tools menu.

If Automatic Spell checking is enabled before entering text, it checks each word as it is typed. If it is enabled after entering the text, it checks the text already in the document.

2. Click on Automatic Spell checking to enable it.

If the Writer finds an error in your document, Spelling dialog box appears.

This Not in Dictionary box displays the first misspelt word or grammatical error.

3. Click on Check Spelling button.

This Suggestions box displays suggestions for correcting the error.

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73Note: If spell check is not working in your document, we have to select

default-English (USA) in default languages for documents.

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4. Click on the suggestion you want to use for correcting error.

To skip error and all other occurrences of error in your document, click on Ignore All.

To skip error and continue checking your document, click on Ignore Once.

5. Click on Correct to correct the error in your document.

The menu that appears shows

possible corrections.

2. Click on the correct option

from the menu.

1. When you find a spelling or

grammatical error, right-click

on the underlined text.

To ignore error, you can click

on Ignore or click on Ignore All

for all instances of the error.

CORRECTING A MISTAKE BY RIGHT-CLICKING

6. Correct or ignore misspelt

words and grammatical

errors until this dialog box

appears, telling you that

the spelling and grammar

check is complete.

7. Click on OK to close the

dialog box.

8. Click on Close.

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When a word you type does not appear in the Writer dictionary, it underlines the word as misspelled. The word might be a term that you use regularly; if so, click Add to Dictionary, which is present in Spelling dialog box, so that Writer stops underlining the word as a misspelling.

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Thesaurus is a list of words grouped together containing synonyms and antonyms. Writer provides a thesaurus through which you can find words to express meanings more accurately. It helps you to increase your knowledge.

The thesaurus can be used to replace a word with one of its synonyms.

USING THESAURUS

1. Select the word for which you want a Thesaurus.

2. Click on the Tools menu.

3. Click on Thesaurus.

The word from the Thesaurus replaces the selected word in the document.

4. Click on the suitable word.

The Thesaurus box appears.

5. Click on Replace.4

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In your document, sometimes you need to change the word or text with some other word or text, wherever it is used in it. This is useful if you have frequently misspelt a name. The Find command is used to search for a particular word or text, and Replace command replaces the selected text or word with the new text.

FINDING AND REPLACING TEXT

6. Click on Find Next to start search.

5. Click on Replace area and type the text you want to insert, in place of the text you typed in step 4.

4. Type the text you want to change in the Find area.

3. Click on Find & Replace option. The Find & Replace dialog box appears.

1. Click at the beginning of your document.

2. Click on Edit menu.

7. Click one of the following options:

Writer highlights the first matching word it finds.

Replace - Replace the word.

In this example, we have clicked on Replace option.

Replace All - Replace the word and all other matching words in the document.

The text gets replaced.

8. Replace the matching words until you complete all the changes.

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! You can press Ctrl + F to open Find dialog box.

! You can press Ctrl + H to open Find & Replace dialog box.

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CHANGING TEXT CASE

Formatting TextYou can change the appearance of text to make it good by formatting.

UPPERCASE: All characters will be in uppercase (capital letters).

Sometimes in a document, you may need to change the case of the text, i.e., the text you have written in small letters should have been written in capital letters (uppercase) or vice versa. You can do this without retyping the text by using these seven case options offered by Writer.

lowercase: All characters will be in lowercase (small letters).

small capitals: All characters will be in uppercase in small size.

Sentence case: The first character in the sentence will be in uppercase and rest will be in lowercase.

Cycle Case: All characters will be in reversed from the previous case.

tOGGLE cASE: It will reverse the case of letters or selected text.

Capitalize Each Word: First character of each word is capital, and the rest are small.

1. Select the text that you want to change to a new case style.

2. Click on Format menu.

The Text sub-menu appears.

3. Click on Text.

4. Click on the case style you want to use.

In this example, we have selected the UPPERCASE option.

To deselect the text, click anywhere outside the selected area.

The text you selected changes to the new case style.

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CHANGING FONT OF THE TEXTYou can change the font of text to enhance the appearance of the document.

1. Select the text you want to change to a different font.

2. Click on the down arrow of Font.

3. Click on the font you want to use.

To deselect text, click outside the selected area.

In this project, we have used Ubuntu font.

The text you selected changes to the new font.

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1. Select the text you want to change to a different font.

2. Click on the down arrow of Font Size.

3. Click on the size you want to use.

The text you selected changes in the new size.

CHANGING THE FONT SIZE OF TEXTFont Size controls the height of the font, generally measured in points. You can increase or decrease the size of the text in your document.

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MAKING THE TEXT BOLD, ITALIC OR UNDERLINEYou can make your text bold, italic or underlined to emphasize information in your document.

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The text you selected appears in the new style. This example applies Bold style to the text. To remove the bold, italic or underline style, repeat steps 1 and 2.

HIGHLIGHTING THE TEXT

1. Click on Highlight Color button.

The mouse pointer changes to ( ) when it is over your document.

2. Click on any desired color.

You can use color to create highlights in a document to draw attention to the text. Highlighting text is useful for marking information that you may want to review or verify later.

CHANGING THE COLOR OF TEXTColor of the text can be changed to draw attention towards headings or important information in your document.

1. Select the text you want to format.

2. Click on the down arrow of Font Color.

3. Click on any color.

Writer applies color to the text.

In this example, we have applied red color to the text.

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1. Select the text you want to make bold, italic, or underlined.

( ) Underline

( ) Italic

( ) Bold


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$ Click on Align Right ( ) to right-align the text.

1. Select the text that you want to format.

$ Click on Align Left ( ) to left-align the text.

$ Click on Center Horizontally ( ) to center-align the text.

$ Click on Justified ( ) to justify text between the left and right margins.

The text is displayed in the new alignment.

To deselect the text, click outside the selected area.

In this example, we have chosen ‘Justified’ alignment.

CHANGING ALIGNMENT OF TEXTYou can align text in different ways to give your document a professional look. By default, Writer assigns the Left Align command.

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4. When you finish highlighting the text, press the Esc key from the keyboard.

3. Select each area of the text you want to highlight. The text you select appears highlighted.

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is a flashing line on the screen that indicates where the typed 1. .....................text will appear.

a. Status Bar b. Work Area c. Insertion Point

a. Green b. Yellow c. Red

2. The colored wavy line which shows the spelling mistake is ...........................

a. Thesaurus b. Indentation c. Translation

3. is a list of words grouped together containing synonyms .........................and antonyms.

4. command is used to search for a particular word or text.................

5. ................ helps you to increase your knowledge.

a. Format b. Find c. Delete

2. Copying will remove the text from its original location.

5. Font Size of text is generally measured in points.

1. Writer is one of the most popular word processing programs.

a Spell Check b Thesaurus c. . . Change case

4. Writer offers four change case options.


3. You can press Ctrl+Z to use Undo feature.

$ In Writer, text underlined with red and blue colors displays spelling and grammatical mistakes respectively.

$ Highlighting text is usually for masking information that you want to review or verify later.

$ The text in a document can be moved or copied from one location to another.

$ Thesaurus is a list of words grouped together, containing synonyms and antonyms.

$ ‘Find and replace’ command is used to search and replace a text or word with the new one.

$ Writer offers change case option to change the case without retyping text.

ExercisesE

In a Nutshell

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..............................................................................................................................

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2. How are spelling and grammar mistakes identified in Writer?

3. What is Thesaurus? How is it useful?

4. Name the various change case options.

..............................................................................................................................

Raj has written a letter for his father. By mistake, he deleted the address. By which command or shortcut key will he get the deleted address back? Help him to do so.

..............................................................................................................................

5. What is the use of Find and Replace option?


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4. will reverse the case of letters or selected text............................

5. By default, Writer assigns the align command to the text........................

D. Differentiate between the following.

Copying Text Moving Text

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.......................................................... ..........................................................

.........................1. The blue wavy line shows the mistakes.

3. command is used to search & replace a text or word ................................. with the new one.

1. What is LibreOffice Writer?

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

2. .............................. can be used to replace a word with one of its synonyms.


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Activity Section

Lab Activity

A. Carry out the following activities in Writer.

1. Start Writer and create a new document in it.

3. Select the heading LibreOffice Writer.

5. Move the cursor after first paragraph.

2. Type the text as shown in the picture 1.

6. Paste the text as shown in picture 2.

7. Save the file as ‘My file’ on the Desktop.

8. Exit LibreOffice Writer.

4. Cut the selected text.

Picture 1

Picture 2

B. Open the file ‘My file’ and carry out the following activities in

Writer.

5. Align both paragraphs as justified.

1. Add a heading ‘Word Processor’.

2. Make the headings bold, underline and in red color.

3. Set the font size of the headings as 18.

4. Set the font size of the rest of the text as 16.

6. Save the file again and exit.

Open Writer and practice its various features.

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Writer - Inserting Graphics

Topics Covered

In Writer, you can also insert pictures and clip arts in the document, along with the text. Inserting pictures makes the document more legible, presentable and easy to understand. Picture can be inserted from a file or gallery.

Inserting Graphics

Welcome friends! After inserting text and formatting

it in Writer, now let's move further and continue with

the project by using the different features of Writer.

INSERTING PICTURE FROM FILE

1. Click on the location in your document where you want to add a picture.

3. Click on Image.

2. Click on Insert menu.

The Insert Image dialog box appears.

4. This area shows the location of the displayed pictures.

5. Click on the picture you want to add to your document.

6. Click on Open to add picture to your document.

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• • • •Inserting Graphics Inserting Objects from Gallery Bullets and Numbering Adding Text Border Saving a Document Shortcut Keys• •

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( ) - Page Wrap

1. Click on the image that you want to wrap.


Frame toolbar appears in place of Formatting toolbar.

( ) - Wrap Through

( ) - Optimal Page Wrap

The wrap style is applied.

This example applies Page Wrap, which wraps the text squarely around the object.

WRAPPING TEXT AROUND GRAPHICSWrapping text around graphics means adjusting the text around the objects or images accordingly. Writer provides many options to wrap the text around a drawing or image.

To delete the image, just click on the image you want to delete. Handles ( ) appear around the image. Then, press Delete key from the keyboard.

The image appears in your document.

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Note: Image Wrapping Options

Optimal Page Wrap ( ): Automatically wraps text to the left, to the right, or on all four sides of the border frame of the object.

Wrap Through ( ): Places the object in front of the text.

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The image moves to the new location as soon as you release the mouse.

Resizing Graphics

2. Drag a selection handle to resize the object.

1. Click on the image that you want to resize.

The mouse pointer changes to [ ] when over the handles.

As soon as you release the mouse, the object is resized.

The mouse pointer changes to [ ].

2. Drag the image to a new location.

1. Click on the image that you want to move.

Moving Graphics

MOVING AND RESIZING IMAGE OR OBJECTYou can move the image anywhere in the document. You can also increase or decrease the size of an image, according to need, if it is too large or too small.

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Do You Know?

When you click on the image, se lect ion handles appear around the image.

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Gallery is a place which contains clipart images or objects on some common topics. You can add any number of objects to your document. Adding an object can make the document more interesting and entertaining.

1. Click on location where you want to add an object.

2. Click on Gallery from Sidebar.

The Gallery pane appears.

3. Select the theme from the top pane.

The objects related to the theme appear in the bottom pane.

4. Right-click the object you want to insert.

5. Click on Insert.

A pop-up menu appears.

The object appears in your document.

6. Click on Gallery again from Sidebar to remove the Gallery pane from the screen.

To delete an object, just click on the object you want to delete. Handles ( ) appear around the object. Then, press Delete key to delete the object.

Inserting Objects from Gallery

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A bullet is a dot or a symbol that is marked wherever you want to display the text in the form of different points. A bullet can be given when the order of the points does not matter, i.e., unordered. In Writer, the bullet is marked in the form of black dot (.) by default. A numbered list can also be used whenever you want to display the points in some sequence or ordered manner.

SETTING QUICK LIST

Bullets and Numbering

2. Click on the following button :

$ You can click on the Bullets button ( ) to create a bulleted list.

1. Select the text you want to format.

$ You can click on the Numbering button ( ) to create a numbered list.

Writer applies the formatting to the list.

To turn off the bulleted or numbered list, you can press Enter key twice after the last item in the list.

In this example, we have used the Bullets button.

To add more text to the list, you can click at the end of the line and press Enter key. Writer immediately starts a new line in the list with a bullet or number.

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CHANGING BULLET TO NUMBER STYLE1. Select the text that you want to format.

3. Click on the desired tab on the top of the box.

Bullets and Numbering box appears.

2. Click on Format menu and then click on Bullets and Numbering.

Writer will apply the new style.

4. Click on the desired style.

5. Click on OK.

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Shapes allow you to add a variety of arrows, callouts, squares, stars, flowchart shapes and many more in your document. Writer provides large collection of shapes to organize and design the image you desire. While you may not need shapes in every document you create, they can add to its visual appeal.

ADDING SHAPES

3. Click on the category of shapes.

A submenu will appear.

1. Click on Insert menu.

The mouse pointer changes to ‘+’.

A menu will appear.

4. Click on the desired shape style.

2. Click on Shape.

5. Click and drag in the work area to draw the selected shape.

The handles appear around the shape.

You can press Esc key from the keyboard to hide the handles.

Release mouse to complete the shape.

6. After adding Shape, you can change format of the Shape as per your need by using these buttons.

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Drop Cap feature allows you to display the first character of the paragraph in a large capital letter that enhances the appearance of the paragraph.

DROP CAP


3. Click on Paragraph.

Paragraph box appears.

1. Click on the paragraph in which you want to display a drop cap.

To remove the drop cap,

repeat steps 1 to 5,

uncheck the box in step

5, then perform step 7.

The drop cap appears in

your document.

A preview of your setting appears here.

In Text, you can enter your own text to display as a Drop cap, instead of the first letter of the paragraph.

4. Click on Drop Caps tab.

5. Click on Display drop caps check box to apply the setting.

6. In Lines box, enter the number of lines that you want the drop cap to extend down from the first line of the paragraph.

7. Click on OK.

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1. Select the text to which you want to add a border.


3. Click on Paragraph.

Adding Text Border

4. Click on Borders tab.

5. Click on the Border style.

7. Select the desired distance between border lines and the text.

6. Click on the drop-down arrows and choose a line Style, Width and Color for the selected border in Line area.

The Paragraph dialog box appears.

This area shows the results of the settings you select.

8. Click on OK.

The border appears around the selected text.

To remove the selection, click anywhere outside the selection.

You can add a border to the text in your document to draw attention towards important information.

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Saving a DocumentAfter creating the project, it must be saved into the memory of computer for its future use. File created in Writer is saved with the file extension .odt

So friends, after adding

the border, your project

is now complete.

Finish

1. Click on File in the menu bar. File menu appears.

2. Click on Save.

4. Type a name for the file in the Name text box.

The Save dialog box will appear.

3. Click on these areas to navigate to the folder in which you want to save the file.

5. C lick on Save.

The Writer saves the file, and the new file name appears on the title bar.

The keyboard shortcut for saving a document is Ctrl + S.

Shortcut Keys

! Ctrl + B Applies bold formatting

! Ctrl + U Applies underline formatting

! Ctrl + F Open find Toolbar

! Ctrl + I Applies italic formatting

! Ctrl + E Center aligns the text

! Ctrl + H Open find & replace dialog box

! Ctrl + L Left aligns the text

! Ctrl + P Prints a document

! Ctrl + Z For undoing an action

! Ctrl + Y For Redo last action

! Ctrl + S Saves a document

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a. Border b. Shape c. Bullet

a. Esc b. Ctrl c. Shift

2. ...................... text means adjusting the text around the images accordingly.

3. Shape option is available under menu.............................

4. You can add a to the paragraph to bring attention to the text................


2. You cannot move an image in the document.


5. Key is pressed from keyboard to hide the handles................

4. We cannot add border to the text in our document.

6. You can produce a hard copy of the document.

1. Writer provides many options to wrap the text around image.

a. Text b. Sentence c. Pictures

a. Inserting b. Wrapping c. Review

5. is available in Format Menu.Drop Cap feature

3. Bullet is used for unordered list.

1. Inserting makes the document more attractive and presentable...................

a. Format b. Insert c. Styles

$ Adding a border to the text in our document draws attention towards any important information.

$ We can add a variety of shapes to our document including arrows, squares, stars, flowchart shapes, etc.

$ Wrapping text around graphics will adjust the text around the objects or images accordingly.

$ After creating the project, it must be saved into the memory of computer for its future use.

$ Graphics can be inserted into the document, along with the text.

ExercisesE

In a Nutshell

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2. option will wrap the text squarely around the object.................................

3. The file extension of Writer document is ...............................


1. appear around the image when you click on it......................................

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5. feature increases the size of the first letter of a paragraph........................

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4. What is the function of Drop Cap feature?

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5. Why do we save our document?

D. Differentiate between the following.

2. What is the use of Gallery?

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1. Why should we insert pictures in Writer?

4. By default, the bullet is marked in the form of in Writer..............................

Bulleted List Numbered List

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Rohit has written a paragraph on ‘Importance of Computers’. Now, he wants to add a clip art related to computer. Tell him the option that he should use.

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.......................................................... ..........................................................

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3. Why do we use shapes?

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Activity Section

Lab Activity

Activity Tick

$ Saves a document

$ Prints a document

Tick the right key for the keyboard shortcut of the following. One is done for you.

$ Left aligns the text

$ Pastes the most recent copy or cut

$ For undoing an action

Carry out the following activities in Writer.

$ Use your own text in this notice, e.g., use your school name instead of ABC Public School, etc.

$ Start Writer and create a notice for your school as shown below by using shapes and border.

$ Save the file as ‘Notice’ on the Desktop, close the file and exit Writer.

NOTICE

ABC PUBLIC SCHOOL

KAROL BAGH

DELHI

ON THE SPOT PAINTING COMPETITION FOR CHILDREN

BETWEEN 11 and 14 YEARS

WINNER OF THE COMPETITION WILL RECEIVE A GIFT VOUCHER.

thDay & Date : 14 September 2018

Venue : School Ground

Time : 10.30 a.m.

Children should bring their own drawing sheets, colors, brushes, etc.

Ctrl +

Ctrl +

Ctrl +

Ctrl +

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PSZ L

P A Z B

TL AP

AOE L

HF JV

ü

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Worksheet-1

Chapters 1 - 4

1. Game Console: ...................................................................................................

a. Hybrid b. Multiple c. Single

a. Calculation b. Research c. Message

B. Write 'T' for True and 'F' for False statements.

4. You can easily do calculations in KTurtle.


4. The canvas color and pen color commands need ...............................combinations for applying colors.

2. The SMPS changes into . ...................... ......................

1. is the lifeblood of any network.......................

2. RAM stores data and instructions temporarily.

..................................................................................................................2. ROM:


3. The is a long vertical bar that appears on the left side of the .......................screen.

3. .The aspect ratio used in Wide-screen displays is ......................

a. 4:3 b. 2:5 c. 16:9

2. An card is a circuit board that is fitted in the socket ..................................on the motherboard.

a. Adapter b. Disk c. CPU

1. E-book reader is an example of Analog computer.


.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

1. is the combination of Analog and Digital computer. ......................

3. You cannot adjust the volume of audio in the computer.

4. In Print command, the should be enclosed in quotes.......................

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2. What is the function of Disk drive? Give its examples.

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

3. What is the use of switching between running programs?

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

4. Write the syntax for addition and multiplication of 23 and 55 in KTurtle.

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

.......................................................... ..........................................................

1. What do you mean by Mainframe computer? Write its characteristics.

1. Desktop Computer Laptop Computer

.......................................................... ..........................................................

.......................................................... ..........................................................

2. Resolution Orientation

.......................................................... ..........................................................

3. Repeat Command Print Command

3. Settings Icon: ....................................................................................................

................................................................................................................4. Turtle:

............................................................................................................................


.......................................................... ..........................................................

.......................................................... ..........................................................


............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

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Worksheet-2

Chapters 5 - 8

............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

1. Operators block perform logical comparisons.

2. Internet was developed in 1969.

2. A is a software that is used to open the websites..............................

4. A numbered list is used to display the points in ordered manner.

3. Thesaurus is used to correct grammatical mistakes.

1. The file extension of scratch file is ...............

4. The wrapping option places the object in front of the text.........................

.................................................................................................3. Insertion Point:


1. Motion Blocks: .................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................2. Address Bar:

B. Write 'T' for True and 'F' for False statements.


3. shortcut key is used to open Find and Replace dialog box.......................


a. Grow b. Duplicate c. Shrink

2. ................... displays the web page that appears each time you start Firefox.

a. Lower b. Upper c. Toggle

3. .......................... case will reverse the case of letters or selected text.

a. Side bar b. Home c. Refresh

4. selects the entire text of the document.....................

a. Ctrl + A b. Ctrl + S c. Ctrl + P

1. .............................. tool is used to make sprites smaller in Scratch.

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.......................................................... ..........................................................

.......................................................... ..........................................................

4. Drop Cap : ..........................................................................................................


.......................................................... ..........................................................

2. Dial-up Connection Broadband Connection

.......................................................... ..........................................................

3. Inserting picture from File Inserting picture from Gallery

.......................................................... ..........................................................

.......................................................... ..........................................................

............................................................................................................................


1. What is the role of Scripts Area in Scratch?

.......................................................... ..........................................................

............................................................................................................................

.......................................................... ..........................................................

2. How can we secure ourselves while using the Internet at public places?

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.......................................................... ..........................................................

............................................................................................................................

3. What is the function of Undo feature?

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

1. Blocks Menu Blocks Palette

............................................................................................................................

4. What do you mean by wrapping text around graphics?

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

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Project Work

Project Scratch

Make a Hut in Scratch by arranging the blocks as shown below and run

the project.

Create a Hut

Note: To fit the hut in the stage, first drag the sprite to the lower left corner.

Project Kturtle

Type the following group of commands in KTurtle and draw the pattern as

shown below.

Create a Pattern

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Project Writer

Create a PamphletYour friend asked you to prepare a pamphlet that advertises the mobile phone she has for sale. First, prepare the unformatted pamphlet as shown in Picture 1. Then format it so that it looks like Picture 2.

13. Add a 6-pt Magenta color page border.

15. Save the pamphlet again with the same file name.

2. Save the document using the file name, Mobile for Sale.

10. Make the text bold in the signature line.

12. Insert the picture (any iPhone 7 pic) centered below the headline.

8. Insert bullets for the three lines (paragraphs) of text above the signature line.

1. Open Writer and type the pamphlet text, unformatted, as shown in Picture 1.

6. Change the font size of the signature line to 20 point.

7. Change the font of the body text and signature line to Comic Sans MS or a similar font.

9. Change the color of the words, iPhone 7, Rose gold, and 64 GB to dark green.

3. Center the headline (First line) and the signature line (last line).

11. Underline the phone number in the signature line.

Follow The Instructions Given Below:

4. Change the font size of the headline to 48 point and the font to GrilledCheese BTN, or a similar font. Apply font color purple to the text.

5. Change the font size of body text between the headline and the signature line to 22 point.

14. Change the contact name ABC in the pamphlet to your first name.

Mobile for Sale

Need a genuine buyer

If interested, call ABC at 222-333333.

Accessories: Back cover, tempered glass and wireless headphone.

Own a one year old iPhone 7, Rose gold, 64 GB.Scratchless, looks like new

Picture 1

Picture 2

Own a one year old iPhone 7, Rose gold, 64 GB.

! Scratch less, look like new

! Need a genuine buyer

! Accessories: Back cover, tempered glass and

wireless headphone

If interested, call ABC at 222-333333

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Additional Information

Android is an operating system for mobile computing devices developed by Google. It is widely used on smartphones and tablets. Various hardware manufacturers install Android as the operating system for their devices. Android provides a wide range of features, from sending an e-mail, and browsing the Internet to making phone calls and taking photos.

Android

Apple is a multinational company that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple in 1976.

Apple introduced the iPhone in 2007 and sold 270,000 phones in the first 2 days. The first generation iPhone was released in 2007; the most recent iPhone, iPhone XR, was introduced in September 2018.

Apple

Wearable DevicesA wearable device is a small, mobile computing device designed to be worn by a user. These devices often communicate with a mobile device or computer using Bluetooth. Three popular types of wearable devices are smartwatches, activity trackers, and smartglasses.

SMARTWATCH ACTIVITY TRACKER SMARTGLASS

Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space, called a VR world. VR involves the display of 3-D images that user explores and manipulates interactively.

Virtual Reality

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SAMPLE PAPER

The actual test paper has 35 questions. Time: 60 minutes

There are three sections: Section - I (5 Questions); Section - II (25 Questions); Section - III (5 Questions)

Section - III (Archievers Section) : Higher Order Thinking Questions - Syllabus as per Section – 2.

Section - I (Logical Reasoning) : Patterns, Alphabet Test, Coding-Decoding, Mirror Images, Embedded Figures, Geometrical Shapes and Solids, Ranking Test, Direction Sense Test, Days and Dates & Possible Combinations, Analogy and Classification.

Section - II (Computers and Information Technology) : About Computers (General Information),

Evolution of Computers, Parts of Computer, Input and Output Devices, Hardware, Software, MS-

Word(Formatting a Word document, Font group, Format Painter, Search using Find and Replace

option, Checking Spelling and Grammar using Thesaurus), Using Windows 7, Introduction to

Internet and Its Uses, Computer Networks, MS-Paint, Latest Developments in the field of IT.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS (15 Only)

The National Cyber Olympiad is organized by the Science Olympiad Foundation (SOF) which is a registered not-for-profit organization popularizing science, mathematics and computer education among school children. Visit for further information.www.sofworld.org

Syllabus

The National Cyber Olympiad focuses on logical reasoning, computers and IT, and achievers section. Given below is a sample paper of NCO for class-4 students.

LOGICAL REASONING

COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

NATIONAL CYBER OLYMPIADN C O SAMPLE PAPER SYLLABUS 2019-20

(A) 205 (B) 215 (C) 225 (D) 250

1. What is the next number in the pattern below?

125, 150, 175, 200, ...?....

2. Choose the correct mirror image of the word , FIXING, if the mirror is placed vertically to the left.

(A) GNIXIF (B) (C) (D) .

(A) Checking exam results (B) Chatting (C) E-mailing (D) All of these

4. Internet can be used for ________.

(A) RPPEO (B) ROPEA (C) POEAR (D) PAREO

3. In a certain code, 3456 is coded as ROPE, 15526 is coded as APPLE, then how is 54613 coded?

(A) Aero Peek (B) Aero Shake (C) Aero Steer (D) Aero Flip

5. When your desktop is cluttered with open windows, you can use ______ to select a single window and minimize the rest.

(A) Utility Software (B) Application Software

(C) System Software (D) Language Processor

6. Windows 7 is what type of software?

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ACHIEVERS SECTION

This key is used to move cursor to the beginning of the line or the screen depending on the 7. software used. Identify the key.

ANSWERS

10. (A) 11. (C) 12. (D) 13. (A) 14. (D) 15. (C)

1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (A)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

1024 bytes equals ________. 8.

(A) 1 Kilobyte (KB) (B) 1 Megabyte (MB) (C) 1 Gigabyte (GB) (D) 1 Character

(A) Charles Babbage (B) John Napier (C) Blaise Pascal (D) Herman Hollerith

Who among the following is known as father of computers ? 9.

(A) Text tool (B) Pencil tool (C) Air brush tool (D) Erase tool

While working with MS-Paint which option is used to add name to your drawing ? 10.

(A) ww.yahoo.com (B) www.cartoonnetwork.co

(C) www.hotmail.com (D) www.indiatime.comm

Which of the following is a correct internet address? 11.

In MS-Word 2010, which colour wavy line under a word indicates a spelling or grammar mistake?12.

(A) Red (B) Green (C) Yellow (D) Both (A) and (B)

Internet is used for audio and video calling across geographies. A popular tool for such internet 13. calls is _________.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

A pop-up menu is displayed when we do right click on a desktop icon. Which of the following 14. options holds the pop-up menu depicted in the given image in Windows 7?

(A)

(C) .

(B)

(D)

(D) SAN

Which of the following types of network is used to connect the LANs shown in the given image?15.

(A) CAN

(B) PAN

(C) WAN.LAN

LAN

LAN

LAN

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Based on Ubuntu 18.04 with LibreOffice 6.0 - AWS

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