ATP ForeFlight & Chart Training Supplement - Amazon S3

ForeFlight & ChartTraining Supplement

ATPFlightSchool.com Revised 2021-08-18

Copyright © 2021 Airline Transport Professionals.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Airline Transport Professionals.

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Introduction

ATP's Foreflight & Chart Training Supplement is an introduction to the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) aeronautical charts and publications. It is useful to new pilots as a learning aid, and to experienced pilots as a quick reference guide.

The FAA publishes charts for Visual Flight Rules (VFR) and Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) air navigation including training, planning, departures, enroute, approaches, and airport diagrams.

The FAA Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Pilot/Controller Glossary defines in detail all terms and abbreviations used throughout this publication. Unless otherwise indicated, miles are nautical miles (NM), altitudes indicate feet above Mean Sea Level (MSL), and times used are Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

The information in this supplement is highly condensed and serves as a good quick reference for training purposes, but it is not a substitute for the Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide, the FAA's official publication concerning chart symbology. The Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide may be found online via the FAA's website or in the Documents catalog in ForeFlight Mobile.

Thank you for giving ATP an opportunity to serve you.

Contents

VFR Aeronautical Chart Symbols......1Airport Symbols............................................1Airport Data Grouping ..................................2Radio Aids to Navigation ..............................3Airspace Information ....................................5Navigational & Procedural Information ......10Culture ........................................................13Hydrography ..............................................16Relief ..........................................................18Airspace Classification ...............................19Sample Information Tables ....................... 22

IFR Aeronautical Chart Symbols .... 23Airports ......................................................23Radio Aids to Navigation ............................25Airspace Information ..................................27Navigational & Procedural Information ......32Culture ........................................................32Hydrography ..............................................32Topography ................................................32

U.S. Terminal Procedures Publication Symbols .............................................. 33

Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) & Departure Procedure (DP) Charts .............33Approach Lighting System .........................35Airport Diagram/Sketch ..............................39Instrument Approach Procedures Planview ..................................41Instrument Approach Procedures Profile View ............................ 44Circling Approach Obstacle Protected Airspace.....................................45Is A Procedure Turn Required? ..................47

Other Useful Information ............... 48Alternate Requirements ............................ 48Alternate Minimums .................................. 48Runway Lights ........................................... 50Runway Lights ............................................51Options for Obtaining/ Cancelling IFR Clearances ......................... 52ForeFlight Resources .................................53Taxiway Markings/Signs ............................ 54

Revised 2021-08-18

VFR Aeronautical Chart Symbols • 1

SECTION 1

VFR Aeronautical Chart Symbols

Airport SymbolsSymbol Description Notes

Civil Airport No hard-surface runway greater than 1,500'

Military Airport No hard-surface runway greater than 1,500'

Civil or Military Airport Hard-surface runway at least 1,500' long

Civil or Military Airport Hard-surface runway at least 8,070' long

Seaplane Base

Fuel Available Airport attended during normal working hours

Towered Airport Blue Symbols

Untowered Airport Magenta Symbols

Restricted or Private Use Use only in emergency or by specific authorization

UnverifiedPublic use but warrants more than ordinary precaution: lack of current

information on field conditions and/or peculiar operating limitations

Abandoned

Heliport

Ultralight Flightpark

2 • VFR Aeronautical Chart Symbols

Airport Data Grouping

Symbol Description

Flight Service Station on field

Airports where fixed wing special visual flight rules operations are prohibited by FAR 91 (Shown above airport name)

Indicates FAR 93 Special Air Traffic Rules and Airport Traffic Patterns

Location Identifier

ICAO Location Indicator

Control Tower (CT) - Primary Frequency

Part-time operation. See tower frequencies tabulation for hours of operation

Follows the Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF)

Automatic Terminal Information Service

Automated Surface/Weather Observing System; Shown when full-time ATIS is not available. Some ASOS/AWOS facilities may not be located at airport.

Elevation in feet

Lighting in operation from sunset to sunrise

Lighting limitations exist; refer to Chart Supplement

Length of longest runway in hundreds of feet; usable length may be less

Aeronautical advisory station

Runways with right traffic patterns (Public use, not shown on WAC)

(See Chart Supplement for traffic pattern information)

Airport of entry for international flights

Information missing

Non-Public use having emergency or landmark value.(Pvt)


Radio Aids to Navigation

VHF Omni-Directional Radio (VOR) Range

VOR

VORTAC

When an NDB NAVAID shares the same name and Morse Code as the VOR NAVAID the frequency can be collocated inside the same box to conserve space.

VOR-DME

Non-Directional Radio Beacon (NDB)

NDB-DME

Other Radio Transmitters

(frequency and type of transmission marked on sectional chart)


Flight Service Station (FSS)

• Heavy line box indicates Flight Service Station (FSS).• Frequencies 121.5, 122.2, 243.0 and 255.4 are available at many FSSs and are

not shown above boxes.• All other frequencies are shown.• Certain FSSs provide Airport Advisory Service, see Chart Supplement.• R- Receive only. Pilot will transmit on this frequency, and FSS will respond via

the NAVAID frequency.

Remote Communications Outlet (RCO)

Frequencies above thin line box are remoted to NAVAID site. Other FSS frequencies providing voice communication may be available as determined by altitude and terrain. Consult Chart Supplement for complete information.

Thin line box without frequencies and controlling FSS name indicates no FSS frequency available.


Airspace Information

Class B Airspace

(Mode C see FAR 91.215 /AIM)

Class C Airspace

(Mode C see FAR 91.215 /AIM)

Class D Airspace


Class E Airspace

The limits of Class E airspace shall be shown by narrow vignette or by the dashed magenta symbol. Individual units of designated airspace are not necessarily shown; instead, the aggregate lateral and vertical limits shall be defined by the following:

Airspace beginning at the surface (sfc) designated around airports:

Airspace beginning at 700 feet AGL:

Airspace beginning at 700 feet AGL that laterally abuts uncontrolled airspace (Class G):

Airspace beginning at 1200 feet AGL or greater that laterally abuts uncontrolled airspace (Class G):

Differentiates floors of airspace greater than 700 feet above the surface:

When the ceiling is less than 18,000 feet MSL, the value, prefixed by the word "ceiling," shall be shown along the limits.


Low Altitude Airways

• Low altitude Federal airways are indicated by centerline.• Only the controlled airspace effective below 18,000 feet MSL is shown.• Airways extend 4 nautical miles to either side of the centerline.

Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA)

IFR Routes

VFR Transition Routes

Arrival

Departure

VFR TRANSITION ROUTEATC CLEARANCE REQUIREDSEE SHOWBOAT GRAPHIC

ON SIDE PANEL

Uni-directional

Bi-directional


Special Use Airspace

• Only the airspace effective below 18,000 feet MSL is shown.• The type of area shall be spelled out in large areas if space permits.

Military Training Routes (MTR)

Special Military Activity Routes (SMAR)

Boxed notes shown adjacent to route.

Special Air Traffic Rules / Airport Paterns (FAR 93)

Appropriate boxed note as required shown adjacent to area.

Mode C Veil (FAR 91.215)

Appropriate notes as required may be shown.

Miscellaneous Airspace Areas

Parachute Jumping Area w/

Frequency

Ultralight ActivityGlider Operating Area

Hang Glider Activity

Unmanned Aircraft Activity


Special Conservation Areas

National Park, Wildlife Refuge, Primitive and Wilderness Areas, etc.

NOAA Regulated National Marine Sanctuary Designated Areas

Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA) Relating to National Security

Example: Washington, D.C.

Flight Restricted Zone (FRZ) Relating to National Security

Example: Washington, D.C.

Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA)

Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ)

Note: Delimiting line not shown when it coincides with International Boundary, projection lines or other linear features.

National Security Area

Appropriate notes as required may be shown.


Navigational & Procedural Information

Isogonic Line & Value

Isogonic lines and values shall be based on the five year epoch magnetic variation model.

Intersections

• Named intersections used as reporting points.• Arrows are directed toward facilities which establish intersection.

VFR Checkpoints

Underline indicates proper name of VFR Checkpoint.


VFR Waypoints

Symbol Description

RNAV

Stand-Alone

Collocated with VFR Checkpoint

Obstruction

Top number represents height of obstacle in feet above MSL. Bottom number in parentheses represents height of obstacle AGL.

Symbol Description

Less than 1,000' AGL

Under Construction or reported and position/elevation unverified

1,000' AGL and higher

Wind Turbine

Group Obstruction

Symbol Description



At least two in group over 1,000' AGL

Wind Turbines


High-Intensity Obstruction Lights

High-intensity lights may operate part-time or by proximity activation.

Symbol Description



Wind Turbine

Group Obstruction

Wind Turbine Farms

When highest wind turbine is unverified, UC will be shown after MSL value.

Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF)

The MEF provides 101 to 400 feet of clearance over the highest terrain or obstacle in a quadrant. Consult the Aeronautical Chart User's Guide for more information on how this figure is determined.


Culture

Railroads

Symbol Description

Single Track

Double Track

Roads

Symbol Description

Dual-Lane Divided Highway Category 1

Primary Category 2

Secondary Category 2

Trails

Symbol Description

Category 3

Road Markers

Symbol Description

Interstate Route No.

U.S. Route No.

Air Marked Identification Label

Road Names

Roads Under Construction


Bridges & Viaducts

Tunnels-Road & Railroad

Populated Places

Symbol Description

Large Cities Category 1

Cities and Large Towns Category 2

Towns and Villages Category 3

Boundaries

Symbol Description

International

State or Province

Convention or Mandate Line

Date Line

Railroad Road

Mines or Quarries Power Transmission & Telecommunication Lines

Time Zones


Symbol Description

Pipeline

Dams

Passable Locks

Small Locks

Outdoor Theater

Wells - Other than water

Race Tracks

Lookout Towers

Coast Guard Station

Miscellaneous Cultural Features

Symbol Description

Stadium

Fort

Cemetery

Tanks

Symbol Description

Water

Oil

Gas

618 (Elevation Base of Tower)


Hydrography

Symbol Description

Open Water

Inland Water

Open/Inland Water

Perennial Stream

Non-Perennial Stream

Lakes

Symbol Description Notes

Perennial Number indicates elevation.

Non-Perennial (dry, intermittent, etc.) Illustration includes small perennial lake

Miscellaneous Hydrographic Features

Symbol Description

Aqueducts

Falls


Symbol Description

Rapids

Canals

Small Canals and Drainage / Irrigation Ditches

Salt Evaporators and Salt Pans

Swamps, Marshes and Bogs

Rice Paddies

Land Subject to Inundation

Spings, Wells and Waterholes

Glaciers

Snowfields, Ice Fields and Ice Caps

Rocks-Isolated (Bare or Awash)

Wrecks (Exposed)

Reefs-Rocky or Coral


Relief

Contours

Symbol Description

Basic

Approximate

Depression (Illustration includes mound within depression)

Values

Elevations

Symbol Description

Spot Elevation (Position Accurate)

Spot Elevation (Position Accurate, Elevation Approximate)

Spot Elevation (Highest in General Area)

Spot Elevation (Highest on Chart)

Mountain Pass

Lava Flows

Sand or Gravel Areas

Shaded Relief

Escarpments, Bluffs, Cliffs, Depressions, Etc.

Levees and Eskers

2000

1000

12632


Airspace Classification

U.S

. Airs

pace

dep

ictio

n as

sho

wn

on V

isua

l Aer

onau

tical

Cha

rts

1200

ʼ AG

L

FL 6

0018

,000

ʼ MSL

Cla

ss A

Cla

ss E

Cla

ss E

Cla

ss E

Cla

ss E

Sur

face

Cla

ss D

Cla

ss C

Cla

ss B

Class G

Tran

sitio

n Ar

ea w

ith70

0ʼ A

GL

Floo

r

Non

-Tow

ered

Airp

ort

with

inst

rum

ent A

ppro

ach

Non

-Tow

ered

Airp

orts

with

out a

nIn

stru

men

t App

roac

hSu

rface

Ext

ensi

on

14,5

00ʼ M

SL

1200

ʼ AG

L12

00ʼ A

GL


AIRSPACE CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C CLASS D CLASS E CLASS GEntry Requirements ATC clearance ATC clearance ATC clearance for IFR

All require radio contact

ATC clearance for IFR All require radio contact

ATC clearance for IFR All IFR require radio contact

None

Minimum Pilot Instrument Rating

Private or Student

restrictions apply.

Two-Way Radio Communications

Yes Yes Yes Yesplan*

Not required*

Special VFR Allowed

No Yes Yes Yes Yes N/A

VFR Visibility Minimum

N/A 3 statute miles 3 statute miles 3 statute miles Below 10,000’ MSL3 statute miles

At or above 10,000’ MSL

5 statute miles

Below 1200’ AGL (regardless of MSL)

Day1 statute mile

Night3 statute miles

Above 1200’ AGL & below 10,000’ MSL

Day1 statute mile


Above 1200’ AGL & at or Above 10,000’ MSL

5 statute miles

VFR Minimum Distance From Clouds

N/A Clear of Clouds 500’ below 1000’ above 2000’ horizontally

500’ below 1000’ above 2000’ horizontally

Below 10,000’ MSL500’ below 1000’ above 2000’ horizontally


1000’ below 1000’ above 1 mile horizontally


DayClear of Clouds

Night500’ below1000’ above2000’ horizontally


Day500’ below1000’ above2000’ horizontally


Above 1200’ AGL & at or above 10,000’ MSL

1000’ below1000’ above1 mile horizontally

VFR Aircraft Separation

N/A All IFR Aircraft Runway Operations None None

Yes Yes Yes Workload permitting Workload permitting Workload permitting

Airport Application N/A RadarInstrumentApproachesWeatherControl TowerHigh Density

RadarInstrumentApproachesWeatherControl Tower

InstrumentApproachesWeatherControl Tower

InstrumentApproachesWeather

Control Tower

Speed Restrictions N/A 250 KIAS below 10000’ MSL

250 KIAS below 10,000’ MSL and 200 KIAS below 2500’ AGL within 4nm of the primary airport


N/A N/A

Differs from ICAO No ICAO does not have speed restriction

ICAO does not have speed restrictionICAO requires ATC clearance

ICAO requires ATC clearance

No ICAO requires 3 statute miles visibility


*Unless a temporary tower is present





None


Private or Student

restrictions apply.



Not required*

Special VFR Allowed





5 statute miles


Day1 statute mile



Day1 statute mile



5 statute miles








DayClear of Clouds














Control Tower




N/A N/A









None


Private or Student

restrictions apply.



Not required*

Special VFR Allowed





5 statute miles


Day1 statute mile



Day1 statute mile



5 statute miles








DayClear of Clouds














Control Tower




N/A N/A






Sample Information Tables

(Tower frequencies, SUA info, etc.)

{ {

{{

{

{

NOT FOR NAVIGATION

NNNNNNONONO

NNNNNNNTIOIOIOOO

GANAVIG

OT FOROOOORORRRR NR NFFTT FF

NF

NNNNNO

IFR Aeronautical Chart Symbols • 23

SECTION 2

IFR Aeronautical Chart Symbols

ATP Students and Instructors are required to use Jeppesen Charts in training and checking. Please refer to the Introduction to Jeppesen Navigation Charts for Jeppesen chart information. The following section in this manual is provided as a reference to FAA IFR Chart symbology which is utilized on Foreflight charts and Airmen Knowledge Tests.

Airports

Airport Data

Facilities in blue or green have an approved IAP and/or Radar Minima published in either the FAA Terminal Procedures Publications or the DoD FLIPs (military instrument procedures). Those in blue have an IAP and/or Radar Minima published at least in the High Altitude DoD FLIPs. Facilities in brown do not have a published IAP or Radar Minima.

• All IAP Airports are shown on the Low Altitude Charts.• Non-IAP Airports shown on the U.S. Low Altitude Charts have a

minimum hard surface runway of 3,000'.• Associated city names for public airports are shown above or

preceding the airport name. If airport name and city name are the same, only the airport name is shown. City names for military and private airports are not shown.

• The airport identifier in parentheses follows the airport name or "Pvt."• Airport symbol may be offset for enroute navigational aids.• "Pvt" - Private Use

24 • IFR Aeronautical Chart Symbols

Airport Symbols

Symbol Description

Civil

Civil and Military

Military

Seaplane - Civil

Heliport

Airport Data

• Airport elevation given in feet above or below mean sea level• Pvt - Private use, not available to general public.• A solid line box enclosing the airport name indicates FAR 93 Special

Requirements - see Chart Supplement• "NO SVFR" above the airport name indicates FAR 91 fixed-wing special

VFR flight is prohibited.

• C or D following the airport identifier indicates Class C or Class D Airspace.

• Airport symbol may be offset for enroute navigational aids.• Associated city names for public airports are shown above or preceding

the airport name. If airport name and city name are the same, only the airport name is shown. The airport identifier in parentheses follows the airport name. City names for military and private airports are not shown.

• Airport Ident ICAO Location Indicator shown outside contiguous U.S. Inside contiguous U.S., add K to beginning of airport code to obtain ICAO identifier.


Radio Aids to Navigation

VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range (VOR)

Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)

Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN)

Non-Directional Radiobeacon (NDB)

Compass Locator Beacon

ILS Localizer

Navigation and Communication Boxes

DME channels are paired to VOR or localizer frequencies. For an NDB with DME, pilots must enter the paired VHF frequency into the DME unit, not the NDB frequency.


Navigation & Communication Boxes (continued)


Airspace Information

Low Altitude Airways

• VHF / UHF data is depicted in black• LF / MF data is depicted in brown• RNAV Route data is depicted in blue

Symbol Description

VOR Airway / Victor Route

LF/MF Airway

Uncontrolled LF/MF Airway

Oceanic Route

ATS Route

RNAV Route - GPS required

RNAV Helicopter Route - GPS required

Single Direction Routes

Substitute Route

V 1931000-0600Z

Q111300-0600Z

Other times routes revert to bi-directional


Unusable Route

Airway Restriction

Military Training Routes (MTR)

Fixes/ATC Reporting Requirements

Radials and Bearings

All radials and bearings are magnetic

Facility Locators

Fixes/ATC Reporting Requirements (cont.)

V4


Mileages

All mileages are Nautical (NM)

Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) Fix

Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA)

All altitudes are MSL unless otherwise noted

Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA) Gap

Maximum Authorized Altitude (MAA)


Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude (MOCA)


Changeover Point

Altitude Change

Minimum Crossing Altitude (MCA)

Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA)

V4

T266

V4

V4

V4


Holding Patterns

RNAV Holding Pattern Magnetic Reference Bearing is determined by the isogonic value at the waypoint or fix.

Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ)

Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude (OROCA)


See airspace tabulation on each chart for complete information on:

Area identificationEffective altitudesOperating timesControlling agency A/G call panel

V4


Controlled Airspace

Uncontrolled Airspace


Navigational & Procedural Information

Isogonic Line & Value

Time Zone

Enlargement Area

Match Mark

Cruising Altitudes

Culture

Boundaries

Symbol Description

International

U.S./Russia Maritime Line

Date Line

Hydrography

Shoreline

Topography

Terrain

Area Charts

U.S. Terminal Procedures Public Symbols • 33

SECTION 3

U.S. Terminal Procedures Publication Symbols

Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) & Departure Procedure (DP) Charts

34 • U.S. Terminal Procedures Public Symbols


Approach Lighting System

Runway Touchdown Zone & Centerline Lighting Systems

Approach Lighting System

Short Approach Lighting System

Simplified Short Approach Lighting System with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights

SALS/SALSF(High Intensity)

SAME AS INNER 1500' of ALSF-1

(High Intensity)

LENGTH 2400/3000 FEET

SSALR


Medium Intensity (MALS and MALSF) or Simplified Short (SSALS and SSALF) Approach Lighting Systems

Medium Intensity Approach Lighting System with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights

Omnidirectional Approach Lighting System

MALS, MALSF, SSALS, SSALF

MALSR

SAME LIGHT CONFIGURATION AS SSALR.

ODALS


Precision Approach Path Indicator

Visual Approach Slope Indicator

"T"-Visual Approach Slope Indicator

Visual Approach Slope IndicatorVASI

"T"-VASI

VASI

PAPI


Pulsating Visual Approach Slope Indicator

Tri-Color Visual Approach Slope Indicator

Alignment of Element Systems

PVASI

TRCV

APAP


Airport Diagram/Sketch

Reference Features

Symbol Description

Buildings

24-Hour Self-Serve Fuel (See Chart Supplement for more information on available fuel)

Tanks

Obstruction

Airport Beacon

Runway Radar Reflectors

Hot Spot

Control Tower (If rotating beacon located on tower, beacon symbol is used and labeled "TWR")

Helicopter Alighting Areas

Negative Symbols used to identify Copter Procedures landing point

Runway Threshold elevation

Runway TDZ elevation

Runway Slope (measured to midpoint on runways 8000' or longer)

A symbol is shown to indicate runway declared distance information available, see appropriate Chart Supplement for distance information.


Runways

Symbol Description

Hard Surface

Other Than Hard Surface

Stopways, Taxiways, Parking Areas

Displaced Threshold

Closed Runway

Closed Taxiway

Under Construction

Metal Surface


Instrument Approach Procedures Planview

Terminal Routes

Symbol Description

Procedure Track

Missed Approach

Visual Flight Path

Procedure Turn (Type degree and point of turn optional)

Holding Patterns

• Limits will only be specified when they deviate from the standard.• Holding pattern with max. restricted airspeed:

• (175k) applies to all altitudes.• (210k) applies to altitudes above 6,000' to and including 14,000'

• DME fixes may be shown.• Arrival Holding Pattern altitude restrictions will be indicated when they

deviate from the adjacent leg.


Fixes/ATC Reporting Requirements

Minimum Safe Altitude

Radio Aids to Navigations


Terminal Arrival Areas


Obstacles

Symbol Description

Spot Elevation

Obstacle

Highest Obstacle

Highest Spot Elevation

Doubtful Accuracy

Altitudes

Miscellaneous

Airports

Indicated Airspeed

MandatoryAltitude

(Cross at)

MinimumAltitude

MaximumAltitude

RecommendedAltitude

Mandatory BlockAltitude

(Cross at or above) (Cross at or below)


Instrument Approach Procedures Profile View

Profile View


Circling Approach Obstacle Protected Airspace

The circling MDA provides vertical clearance from obstacles within the obstacle protected area. This area extends from the centerlines and ends of all runways at an airport by the distances shown in the following tables.

Standard Circling Approach Maneuvering Radius

Circling approach protected areas developed prior to late 2012 used the radius distances shown in the following table, expressed in nautical miles (NM), dependent on aircraft approach category. The approaches using standard circling approach areas can be identified by the absence of the c symbol on the circling line of minima.

Circling MDA in feet MSL

Approach Category and Circling Radius (NM)

CAT A CAT B CAT C CAT D CAT E

ALL ALTITUDES 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.3 4.5


Expanded Circling Approach Maneuvering Airspace Radius

Circling approach protected areas developed after late 2012 use the radius distance shown in the following table, expressed in nautical miles (NM), dependent on aircraft approach category, and the altitude of the circling MDA, which accounts for true airspeed increase with altitude. The approaches using expanded circling approach areas can be identified by the presence of the c symbol on the circling line of minima.

Circling MDA in feet MSL

Approach Category and Circling Radius (NM)

CAT A CAT B CAT C CAT D CAT E

1000 OR LESS 1.3 1.7 2.7 3.6 4.5

1001-3000 1.3 1.8 2.8 3.7 4.6

3001-5000 1.3 1.8 2.9 3.8 4.8

5001-7000 1.3 1.9 3.0 4.0 5.0

7001-9000 1.4 2.0 3.2 4.2 5.3

9001 AND ABOVE 1.4 2.1 3.3 4.4 5.5

Approach Categories

Approach Category A B C D E

SPEED (KNOTS) 0-90 91-120 121-140 141-165 Above 165


Is A Procedure Turn Required?

If an approach plate depicts a procedure turn or other course reversal, you must fly that reversal except in certain defined circumstances. Use the mnemonic “SHARP-T” to remember the exceptions:

S Straight-in: Controller states “Cleared straight-in [approach name]”

H Hold-in-lieu-of-procedure-turn: Plate depicts a holding pattern at the IAF (must be flown as a holding pattern entry; standard barbed arrow PT allows any type of reversal)

A Arcs: Initial approach segment is a DME arc

R Radar vectors: Controller provides vectors to final

P Procedure specifies “NoPT”: Initial approach segment or TAA sector is labeled with a “NoPT” symbol

T Timed approaches from a holding fix: ATC assigns a holding pattern at the FAF and a time to depart the FAF inbound

Controllers occasionally forget to specify a straight-in approach, especially when it seems obvious that the course reversal is not needed to line up on final. If a straight-in approach from your current position seems logical, but none of the SHARP-T exceptions apply, request clarification from ATC.

“N257AT proceed direct JEVAG,

cleared ILS 32...”

“Con�rm straight-in approach for 257AT”

48 • Other Useful Information

SECTION 4

Other Useful Information

IFR Alternates: 14 CFR 91.169Alternate Requirements

When filing an IFR flight plan, you must designate an alternate in two situations:

1. The destination airport does not have an instrument approach procedure (IAP).

2. Weather conditions at the destination are expected to violate the "1-2-3 Rule":

1 From 1 hour before to 1 hour after ETA...

2 Ceilings must be at least 2,000' AGL, and...

3 Visibility must be at least 3 statute miles.

Alternate Minimums

Weather conditions for an alternate must meet certain minimums. To determine those minimums:

1. Select the approach you plan to fly at the alternate airport.

WAAS-equipped aircraft may plan to execute a GPS-based approach at both the destination and the alternate. Non-WAAS aircraft may plan to execute a GPS-based approach at either the destination or the alternate, but not both.

2. Open the approach plate and check the Notes section in the upper left portion of the plate.

3. If you see , that approach may not be used for alternate planning. Select a different approach or a different airport.

Other Useful Information • 49

4. If you see an , the approach has non-standard alternate minimums.

A. Open "ALTERNATE MINIMUMS" in ForeFlight > Airports.

B. Find your alternate (sorted alphabetically by city name), then read the notes to determine the minimums.

5. If there is no or listed, standard alternate minimums apply:A. Precision approach: 600' ceiling - 2 miles visibilityB. Non-precision approach: 800' ceiling - 2 miles visibility (WAAS

approaches are non-precision, including LPV)

If your intended alternate airport has no instrument approaches, it can be used only if you can descend from the MEA to a landing while remaining VFR at all times.

DAYTONA BEACH, FL DAYTONA BEACH INTL (DAB). ....................... ILSo rL OC Rwy7 L14

ILS or LOC Rwy 25R24

VOR Rwy S, Categories A, B, C, D, 700-2.

Categories A, B, 1100-2; Category C, D, 1100-3. y D, 800-2 .

4NA when control tower closed.

1

2

3


Runway Lights• At 3000 feet remaining: Centerline lights alternate white and red.• At 2000 feet remaining: Edge lights change to amber color.• At 1000 feet remaining: Centerline lights change to entirely red.

3000 ft left

2000 ft left

1000 ft left

Threshold

200 ft


Runway Markings• Touchdown zone markings every 500 feet from 500 to 3000 feet.• Aiming point markings at 1000 feet.• Shorter runways may not have full set of markings.

1000 ft

1500 ft

2000 ft

2500 ft

3000 ft

500 ft

ThresholdMarkings

Touchdown Zone

Markings

Touchdown Zone

Markings

Aiming Point

Marking


Options for Obtaining/Cancelling IFR Clearances

Consult the Chart Supplement to determine which of the following options to use for clearance delivery and/or cancellation:

1. Ground control or clearance delivery frequency2. Approach/departure control frequency3. Remote Communications Outlet (RCO) frequency4. Ground Communications Outlet (GCO) frequency (key the microphone

4 times to open a telephone connection to the local ATC facility, or 6 times to call an FSS briefer)

5. Call 888-766-8267, the national clearance delivery number6. Call 800-WX-BRIEF

For safety, always obtain and cancel IFR clearances on the ground. Do not depart with the intention of obtaining an IFR clearance airborne, and do not cancel IFR while airborne prior to landing.


ForeFlight Resources

Up-to-date copies of the official FAA publications on which this supplement is based can be found in ForeFlight Mobile. Use the following procedure to download the relevant documents:

1. Open ForeFlight Mobile.2. Tap the “Documents” button at the bottom center of the screen.3. Tap the “Catalog” button in the upper right corner of the screen.4. A popup window will open. Select “FAA” from the list at left.5. Select the documents you would like to download. Recommended

documents include:A. Digital Terminal Procedures SupplementalB. A/FD Supplemental (9 available; select the appropriate one(s) for

your route or region)C. Aeronautical Chart User’s GuideD. IFR Low LegendE. TAC LegendF. VFR Chart Legend


Taxiway Markings/Signs

ATPFlightSchool.comP.O. BOX 1784 • Ponte Vedra Beach, FL 32004-1784

(904) 595-7950 • Fax: (904) 273-2164

ATP ForeFlight & Chart Training Supplement - Amazon S3

Documents

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