ED 055 514

DOCUMENT RESUBE

48 FL 002 656

AUTHOR Mansoor, Menahem; And OthersTITLE Newspaper Hebrew Reader: Volume 2, Part 1.INSTITUTION Wisconsin Univ., Madison.SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C. Bureau

of Research.BUREAU NO BR-6-1385PUB DATE Oct 71CONTRACT OEC-3-6-061385-1631NOTE 199p.

EDES PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-S6.58DESCRIPTORS *Hebrew; *Instructional Materials; Language

Development; *Language Enrichment; LanguageInstruction; Language Skills; Language Styles; ModernLanguage Curriculum; *Newspapers; *Reading Materials;Second Language Learning; Semitic Languages;Textbooks; Vocabulary

ABSTRACTThis is tke first part of a two-part set of textbooks

containing readiugs from the modern Hebrew Israeli press. Thereadings are intended for students who possess a knowledge of thebasic vocabulary and elements of modern Hebrew structure. Lessattention is devoted to the problems of grammar and more to mattersof vocabulary, idiomatic expression, and style. Notes aad glosses areprovided to explain vocabulary. Numerous exercises are designed tohelp the student master nem vocabulary and acquire a feeling for wordusage and idiomatic style. This volume contains selections that arerepresekotative of front-page news coverage. For part two, see FL 002657. (VS)

trtLIN

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE

PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINiS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS

STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE Of EDUCATION

Lia POSITION OR POLICY.

6 6A, N e-74-

U.S. DEPARTMENT Of HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE (-/OFFICE OF EDUCATION

NEWSPAPER HEBREW READER

Volume TWO, Part I

Professor Menahem MansoorProject DirectorDepartment of Hebrew and Semitic StudiesThe University of Wisconsin

OE Contract No.: 3-6-061385-1631

October 1971

Volume I was sent to the Office of Educationin the spring of 1971

138'ss-

FR-

NEWSPAPER HEBREW READER

Volume II

Edited withAnnotat ions, Vocabularie'i and Exercises

By

Menahem Mansoor, Project DirectorDepartment of Hebrew and Semitic Studies

University of Wisconsin1

With 1

Galic, Simon and Yemima RabinProject Specialists

This work was developed pursuant to a Contract between the United

States Office of Education and The University of Wisconsin and is

published with permission of the United States Office of Education

Copyright

The University of Wisconsin, Madison

3

"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISCOPYRIGHTED MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED

BYAl&iausi.4,TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATINGUNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE U.S. OFFICE Of

EDUCATION. FURTHER REPRODUCTION OUTSIDE

i THE ERIC SYSTEM REOUIRF3 PERMISSION OfTHE COPYRIGHT OWNER.'

This Reader in Modern Hebrew Literature is dedicated to all those who

helped in one way or another to make it possible to produce it: to our

teaching staff, project specialists, typists, and secretary and to our students

who inspired us to undertake this project.

LiL audL

rc..Lu aQLL LLuLciu LrLL

"CLICALILIG LLI

uziLrLrLaLau ay_ LLLadLtaLL

u EMI UCK LL

tLtLLCLI

CLL ifirt.

SC1 "CH LLLCI g LILC LC. LCI LUC. L L

12d1-2.1 i UL11111 LE LLE ULELLLLI

1

17

35

54

72

85

104

126

a-la-tarn 'on

13M 113

Intl,:euction in English n,5a3tr3 Klan

5xnurl3 n,,narn n'alnrn

The Daily Hebrew Newspapers in Israel

('K)

('a)

Wriva mninnn in

llavnn 0-3 vnylarion ,sn : 1 nvpnl,

Ila,nn In/Ialon Ixn : 2 n,,n1

('m) 1966 iloal'a K'man : 3

('a) 1966 iloal'a Kvman : 4 n-rinv

vovlan rasa : 5 nvyny

01,10 '131 0151n : 6 n'vn,

('K) 'con In5ln : 7 n,,n1

('a) nl,m,Kn ion in5ls : 8 n,,n,

murrna 11,1711Kn 717 .a

139 1331,D3 11131DVM1 9 n7ln,

154 D,M1D1 5r nlop n'3351 : 10 n-clny

169 nvao ,n,almrs ,nInns : 11 n,,n1

187 5n1nnaln 5m .95e7m,n : 12 n,,n,

206 nlarlon nv-la ,,,n, 5r nDiron : 13 n'In,

225 lavpaa n,,nn : 14 n'vn,

254 n's,Inrn 135111n : 15 n,,n1

266

278

299

316

330

348

374

388

397

421

71.11tula mninnn in

1'3,5K1p3 no,on : 16 n,,n1

nIrvaln nlalpn n'vr, : 17 wryly"

n5v1a non5n2 (31011x : 18 n-cinv

plain n113n : 19 n'InI

aminn tripna alnln 11,3710 : 20 nIvril-

lintn.nMr7 nn 21 n,,n,

!croKa ovela,inon : 22 ri7vn.,

10, 'inns pl.ma : 23 ;17,11,

.1221 .913 47

nO nlam.m:imn i 24 n7.,n,

n1515,2 5m n1-77.nte t 25 wrsn's

INTRODUCTION

The research reported in these two volumes was performed pursuant

to a contract between the United States Office of Education, Departm3nt

of Health, Education and Welfare end the Regents of the University of

Wisconsin (Contract No. OEC 3-6-061385-1631).

These readers are designed to introd,xce the student to the language of

the modern Hebrew Israeli press. It assumes on the part of the student

a knowledge of the ba-lic elements of modern Hebrew structure, plus a

basic vocabulary usually covered during the first two years of college

courses in modern Hebrew.

The readers are designed to help the student master the stylistic

patterns and vocabulary character:sties of newspaper Hebrew. Accordingly,

the selections are representative of front page news coverage, included

in Volume One, and of reports, features and editorials in Volume Two.

The texts are annotated and implemented with classroom exercises and

drills.

Volume Two contains selections which present a higher level of

newspaper Hebrew in style, vocabulary and subject matter.

These readers were used successfully, on an experimental basist by

our third year students on the Campus of the University Gf Wisconsin.

With the use of this reader, the student has reached the stage where his

attention shOuld now be devoted less to problems of grammar and more to

matters of vocabulary and style. Here, we followed the pattern and

methodology successfully develOped by the University of Michigan in its

series of Arabic Readers. Instead of intensive grammatical analysis

the stud,:mt now needs to expand his vocabulary and gain a feeling for

style and idiomatic expressions by reading as extensively as possible.

The reader attempts to facilitate this, with every needed help in reading,

by introducing the reader to the vocab/lary, idiom and style of modern

Israel Hebrew newspapers.

The following features are designed to aid the student:

1. Words are translated in terms of the contexts in which they occur.

However, other primary meanings of these terms are also given.

2. Cumulative Hebrew-English and English-Hebrew vocabularies for ready

reference are provided at the end of each volume.

3. A basic Hebrew vocabulary of 500-800 words.is assumed for the student.

4. Phrases and sometimes entire sentences are translated in the notes

where the structure may not be eiltirely clear.

5. Each unit is glossed independently of all others, so that the student

is not required to recall a word from a previous selection.

6. Ample provision is made to enable thc student to prepare his own glosses

and to use dictionaries and other reference works.

7. Numerous and varied exercises are provided to enable the teacher snd

the student make selections to suit the level and purpose of the course

and curriculum.

8. The glosses and vocabularies are given with considerable overlap from

one unit to the next. This was purposely designed to enable the student

to retain the words which recur.

9. There are numerous exercises designed to help the Ptudent maste- new

vocabulary as well as acquire a feeling for word usage and idiomatic style.

10. No attempt was made to solve the difficult problem of Hebrew orthography

and hence orthographical variants wore not normalfzed. All selections are

reproduced unedited except obvious misprints and errors.

The author wishes to acknowledge his sincere appreciation to all those

who helped in the preparation of the reader. He is particularly indebted

to Professor Abraham Avni, project specialist at the University of

Wisconsin for the preparation of the draft for Volume One, and to Galia

Simon and Yemima Rabin, project specialists in the Department, for their

invalueole assistance in the preparation of the explanatory notes and

exereses of the units in Volume Two. The aathor wishes to express his

thanks to Gila Halpern, for the preparation of the texts for the printers.

To the Uisconsin Society for Jewish Learning and the Hebrew Cultural Foun-

dation of New Yorls the author expresses his gratitude for their generous

assistance which made possible the publication of these volumes.

THE DAILY HEBREW NEWSPAPERS IN ISRAEL

The press is as diversified as the population, covering every shade of

opinion in a dozen languages. It is free of all political censorship,

though control is exercised over matters affecting military security.

The daily papers have six to 20 pages, but Friday issues are doubled

or more in size as weekend supplements. No papers appear on Saturday,

the Jewish Sabbath.

There are 22 morning and two afternoon newspapers. Thirteen of the

morning papers - most associated with political parties - are in Hebrew,

and the rest in English, German, Arabic, Hungarian, French, Polish,

Yiddish, Rumanian and Bulgarian.

The two foremost morning papers sell about 40,000 copies on week-

days, most of the others ranging from 5,000 to 18,000. The evening papers

have larger circulations: 85,000 to 118,000. On Fridays, when there are

weekend supplements, sales go up to 58,000 in the morning and 134,000

in the evening.

There are about 400 other periodicals, including over 70 government

publications. Some 50 are weeklies and 150 fortnightlies or monthlies.

About 260 are published in Hebrew, the others appear in Arabic, English,

French, Yiddish, Bulgarian, Rumanian, Spanish, Ladino, Hungarian, Polish

and Persian.

The Government Press Office keeps the local press and foreign cor-

respondents informed on Government activities, and helps journalists

to obtain information and contacts.

1T114 - Associated Israeli Press offers a national service of local

news and distributes Reuter and Agence France Presse dispatches. Its

shareholders are the daily newspapers.

(From: Facts about Israel. 1968) v/vi

A. Morning Newspapers

to rtrin

Haaretz

- (Hebrew: "The Land") An independent Hebrew daily

newspaper. It was first founded by a group of

Hebrew writers in Jerusalem in 1919 as Hadshot

Ha -Aretz (News of the Land). It is the oldest extant

Hebrew daily in Israel.

2. 127 - (Hebrew: "Ward") A daily newspaper published since

Dever 1925 by the Histadrut (Israel labor Federation).

It has the largest circulation of any Israel morning

newspaper and generally reflects the views of Napal

(Israel Workers or Labor Party).

3. la N - (Hebrew "Utterance") A daily newspaper founded by

Omer the Histadrut (Israel Labor Federation) in 1950, in

easy vocalized Hebrew for new immigrants.

4. nin - (Hebrew: "To the Expanse") A daily newspaper, founded

Iamerhav in 1954 by. Ahdut Avodah (Union of Labor) party, which

split from M_Et (the left wing Zionist SOcialist

party) in 1954 to form a.separate graup largely as

a'prOtest against anti7SeMitism and anti-Zioniam

in the Soviet cnuntriép.

5. Inman 737 - (Hebrew: "On the Watch") A daily newspaper, founded

Al-Hamishmar in 1942 under the name Mishmar ("Watch")

journal of Ha-Shomer Ha -Tzair, (a Zionist Youth

movement and former Palestinian political party).

Its ideology became revolutionery Marxist and

demanded "ideological collectivism". From 190 it

became the organ of Manam (United Workers Party),

a left wing Zionist Socialist party.

6. `71 p - (Hebrew: "The Voice of the People") The daily

Kol Haam newspaper of Maki (Israel Communist Party) founded

in 1948. Until 1948, Maki regarded Zionism as a

reactionary agent of British imperialiam and its

own function as the liberation of the Arab masses

from both, with the assistance of Jewish workers.

In 1954 Maki merged with a number of nuan dissidents.

7 . nal 3n - (Hebrew: "The Observer") A daily newspaper founded

Hatzofeh in Tel-Aviv in 1937. It is the organ of Mizrahi

(Religious Zionist Organization) and Ha-Poel

Ha-Mizrahi ( the religious Zionist Labor Party).

s. 371-Tirin

Hamodia

- (Hebrew: "The Advertiser or Announner") A daily

newspaper, founded in Jerusalem in 1950, by Agudat

Israel (world organizatiorr:Of ultra orthodox Jews).

Until, the emergence of thei.State of Israel, it

pursUedan extreme Zior4P-t PPs,PY4.,.11.1 1948 however,

- its representatiVes:joinedthetroViSiOnS1 goVernment

of, Israel and-sUb-equently participate-in, KnesSet

parliament) elections.

9. Err" Prn (Hebrew: "Gates") A daily newspaper founded in

Shearim 1951 by Poalei Agudat Israel (a religious labor

movement which opreates within the framework of

Agudat Israel (See Hamodia above). It is active

especially in agricultural settlement and has

several Kibbutzim.

10, rrnetil inurrn - (Hebrewl "Sport News") a independent daily newspaper

Hadashot Sport founded in 1960, devoted to sport news.

1/. Ervin - (Hebrew: "Today") A daily newspapers founded in

Hayom 1966 and is affiliated to Gahals the right-wing

political parties in Israel.

B. Evening Newspapers

12. 111311J - (Hebrew: "He who brings the evening") An independent

Mhariv Israel evening mass-circulation newspapers published

in Tel-Aviv in 1948.

13.1113111IN niv-i-r1- (Hebrew: "Latest News") An independent evening

Udiot Aharonot Hebrew newspaper published in Tel-Aviv in 1947.

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P. Vocabulary and Notes:

("Mg) 'no 'T

2111 'I

Unit 1

14 navy, f/eet

merchant navy

(fishery) fishing navy

-1117, - to melt, to defrost- (fig.) to temper, compromise

tine - to cruise

meaning, sense, significance

viverie 114 Viain 1237a meaningful, highlysignificant

no do lOTT

;1171.1 111 nate

tri? '79 na 37.n fa

lyzatint.

unequivocal, straightfonder&

meaningless

double meaning, ambiguity

' political significance

n-111n - penetration-v. "'S

*?ri-ip,

nUR ;ixonr2 3. ginq.

_Kremlin

a destroyer with missiles

destroyer (warship)

o return:the compliMents

.compliment

to paY "(make) a compliment.

"47-9 3VI - waving onels hand

,1.1 to report

This verb derives from a nounthat was, originally, initialsof two words: n11 < nni

19.

a411 reporting, reportage

lyres

nni3

WOlis n1.3

ploo 511

- flagship

submarine, U-boat.

atomic submarine

submarine chaser

constituting a very smallminority; negligible, a dropin the ocean, of no significance

null, void, valueless

IIU3 - parachutist

T1D9411.:

The Persian Gulf

bpLy, gplf

141'14 Ili Ii pJ - the sources of the intelligence

14 intelligence (service)

'The Word -7414 was formedrecently fraft the Hebrew-root170.(tomriderSand,:to;kndw)

'in*Ii'aitemi*'iti find an,egniiialent tro-the Englieh,

"intelligencen. Therear0Yeollie'igrho re.let thisAnglisation!,;of Hel*ew.andfavoi::the older-terms.:titlii.o'lmlar or: '7;1-

n 12D cruiser.

2.1g-n11,°

514q i5 NiVg

SI f f1:1

battle cruiser

quite a significant number of

literally: a number that is not

insignificant

annulled, insignificant,negligible

insignificant or negligiblequantity

IA n4 equipment

030 OLIO aqi9V

%pail

Itval 12.97,irsavmdan

personal equipment

unit equipment

accommodation stores

military equipment

broadcast, dispatch, message

signal message

cryptogram

following closely

" N 3 N,A.T.0 (North Atlantic TreatyOrgan#ation)

"Rs gap

educational gaP

tila,gap. in the balance ofP-eiments n427274Pmed

.Auantit4ive:'

qtaiitAti

3 4, "

n:mq nqma

Inqold

n4n,rs

nqmpaq nedn nanws,

negligible quantity

qualitative

quality

quality matters more thanquantity

desertion (from army)

deserter

- Adriatic Sea

- Black Sea

isthmus, narmor pass, strait

mining

concentration, centralization

concentration of fire

concentration of troops

power of concentration

concentration campTaan runn

supPlY

.Water supply

p a 57,13 refdeIling

17 .2 17 .3ip

'1U ram maintenance,

1112In observer

0114Na 91eile

14TD;13.2 11437;)

1 .Nr

U.N. observer

- in the absence of-

absence, lack

010 9 'Ali 3 - aircraft carrier

xVis - carrier

neongs Walis - ammunit:Ion carrierN. s- ..

cr);.;.79 $103 - mailman

vls rieis - fruit-bearing..s -

insv rntV.

-qp, n17

rq,çs

n1V

1.14'9R8IS

mnrin2nItgriU 1132XV

-1Trvri

n t13121. rip

n0.142

11911114. 71DXVD:1.4 n 1742,

n i n Ili132177a71: 9P

-(lit. & fig.)

self-$ufficient

short range

range

effective range

_ deterring, ..detérrence.

deterrent action

arrangeMent, settlement.

land-Power

Power

alx.POWer'.

sea power

The Ore# Powers

tzer.

144"1 73,11.RP/3 vital interest

interest

,;4411 vital, indispensable

nvving malrffut vital importance

als vital need

safety belt

confidence, security

selfconfidence

security forces

Security Council (of U.N.)

Ministry of Defense

Minister of Defense

character, nature

The word Tila3 derived fromthe word paeZcolor).

v9iP? 1ili4 local color

li,?; of a political nature

coastal guard:

sower

-11V0.,

7411vil patrollingIt cames from the foreign wordpatrol, but it is put in aHebrew form ( ) ofverbal nouns of 4letterradicals.

19411 - interception (of airplane),forcing down

onop nel9 2.19.

virp

alp%

3Eq, - to be set up, established,placed, stationed

1V1:1,(n.) post

police post

forward (advance) post

observation post

iT33] lTDv-

"IT17

- helpmate; wife

aid, help, assistance

ntIn3 - landing

Dim Nrui forced landing

"PVIP3 amphibian amphibious

ni2330 -raTrig radical reform, reshuffle

'met/

a titf iwxi-we

n13imin4r4

dtia

robbing, plundering.

- to destro7, annihilate

devastation, destruction

hegemony, leadership, supremacy

to tarry, to be late

4 "V Vs 1 1 gg ISsri

'74Q.

his efforts were frustrated

to be frustrated, stultified

to frnstrate

Unit

C. Exercises:

:13,nomn 'Ina

.12

.13

ovman nv,lna2 Ma3W,r1

n:i4D maim .1

372R, 1Zill .2

Wry'gm

olvRels .14 71:4419in -3

nsolg Lin .15 1121...4

lscie .16 pta 1. .5

IttaT /449 .17 1;11c1.14 lira;

0'1;441) .0'9131'4 '18 D.V41

ninlne 114.W .19 ill

Crinkl 11.4111:1# .20 114Z1,!!. .9

ivqq. I'll; .21 14ml .10

tv9000 '2pt .22 n49.1! 711:

trialnnn n7m nlpn2 n'tommn 0 7nnn nm ainn .2

.7o3a 1l3m1

in-vinvn (n12)

.nsinvn nlm2 71') piton

.1311,10 '(o3.23-)..,t0valon vshA

.n3.'Bon nte (/21,1 lxv) 01.91nn lnwn

.01RP'slottn 0"10.: (nlvW, 7071Tinn) 1:0 n3lt'02 0'41,11.: lamp

.1

'203 vn310,12 (nlz.vis.) 013.!0100

12

-,%=

a- T .:, :*1,a

-7 ti.4dtCA '

te au4,a,7 tu - tOu

Uf UtUt tc.I. U0460:

_

M.1.1..12 1D4 mcm&D USLUL40 NUL NUL& UMCc. 1.11=M&M ANI.Ut

Q&LULs04 LtUUMM 4um rcLAaLre.12

0...t.4u m4 u61..44.-m aut..arlit.-4u

dCL$L

4

Clt411 M4 Uct.44.0 1201flLU'&13 MLA MOI6OU Luaxi.Lrram

au :Ar.u&u.Umm,m4:

Lram4LaYaum.ml.ut. adLue

sii -UAN Q dri.Z4 4dtLEU CLI.411 M4 MC4LU UUMOMLU 4NLUU 42121.12

5*

rs ULM ULEAN NU ULLU OUGL.M&L (ECM& t4M1.1 UOLLtLU)*

C' C4 OG4CLUcl. Mddl.

X Vt.& 412 40Q&CU MILL dtLt60111

au GLLM UNCILLU:

uti1.4

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st.44a4

c' maLu cLoa&m dmi.L4c) 4maLa: mas.ru' m44Le amuue

a!, 4441u aLs4 otcLUI st.44u,L

I.

CLUI. 412C6.1.. GQ4(.0 LMULU ZLOG6,0 124141.1.1.M CMOLU

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Lu&al.,,uLmLre..ANZu.i,

01' au umr MLLum,tr me,

66

g

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ULEL UMLNI.0 SU UNOLtdNc0

tvkAL NLILU r.M 4Z(.' UOLC&LOc OCLe.4.0 4dt4 IDLLUi. .tae, -

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tMH4it. 401.1c1:421. t4,0 LUULCLL& GLO 414LUL ;c. dat UUOL t04.11c0 1.a1.1414. m1.11. uLemu CLMall

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1" att.! me, Um4441..0 urmiu; r-

mmaLar&ut LAdaL&tug NAcaLo' uraLccu$ m4rarof.t4g xLaraLtu

ta20.0 GCLcLU

L. zdas aLGARLu cam lcam ao.a 41sig.A.u uu412 mu uao.ci unuu

amal - kabi

a. ipna -

Litiva I.

abiA. 9- amsau - am/

attu - tin

17* cq.124 -

Ctif.tu -

2 &Z1:N &SILL

-Airart4aitc4..uxCra

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esiST4c4,i,424g'.12.411114.cg..rx4'.

'

4UUada 017 ska4s ZOO-MI Pit-UTU M4 UtMN aLcat U&L ULLO&O OZeo.U40

Mesta'

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maamp' d.cca c.44 4g1,ct urru* 4u4d Su aoatu rta cuts adtau 4GEOU UTLLU raucl 4424U

4U acts 4ta' NL otut. a4uau UGL40 portu uLrtmu ti.LL

43 COOL ONLU Lintel U4UU LLOcU &LLBU caatau 4rmutu mmtl

L acluut. ONULLtU* r4z umaLtdstO cua ucuta a4 amaacuu m4 uctLu iL Lau

4d.c.cu aItacua usccutu' act.Lu uuctLu umcrttatz utru

mrua ucx amuam 4sLct suidu uL4cd csamdu rtlfartcu Ust$ 4m 4st Lam& rtmu 4ratata tacta mcrta

aLci4.1.13 .

stall 4tuLL/ uaamLt cattlecul o4 scmscu aacata

9. atotu use.gtop, 64 GT.e. UT& CCLU COOGL CdLLLU

g Srttu z4la autLtu aamdcu 4ua xmadu cL4d°

u;Ar.olLas.t.D4 x&t.t. uaLL stAl t&Lut.° uu4:cLOci. pom, 64 LCLL& ar&su t4r tn' tuuca uata

.17* uts4u uacaLu cart utt uocrttat 'Its usu. rata40 tatta

NUL4 UMLILO LUUTLiELU M4 UT& Lilac'

M4 LTL ul atcttLcu rmtcl. N4daLcst uc.tm uamcr4 4adcc

CU4dL OOG&CLU 4CILLU UTLNLU COG,CLU Lc&T41 NL comeAst.

adLLLAI r41.1. aaLttta acaLta' ct urt ucli.r44ca& cuLcr

z, Amt LLuU UdCLCtO U4GU artmu UOMUULU 44N U6L&LU.

UL&LU U& uoLt&c.a& AcuLLI uut.CLI. Urre.Lu mu ua4uau udLu°

LI* ULTO ANCT4cU NU UOMGO40 UTN&O:

Ivxm ilvnn .lnm"Pn v21 p ilvox ore7 ivxonynnivio

n1x14r mv vxpInnxn vxn 02 sil1nlon717 nvolx ovolnn vn 1v2o

11,151n2 llex, 1114)2 1invn1-mv2 voxv21on vxn 50 1n17xn2

1112vnn vm7, novnnln-nl2vDo 'pm nlvvolon2 m1p217 nlislon-n112

.11nInn-avn lp7n2 n121:1 1112mp

:x2n simpn nx nvn2e; mann 1

The existence of a Soviet fleet in the Mediterranean is a significant

and a worrying fact. Nobody knows what is hiding behind their appeara-

nce there and what their future plans are. So far, the Soviet Navy is

smaller and weaker than the American Sixth Fleet, but the navy might

develop into a power, and already their U-boats have had a deterring

effect.

The Russians have reached the conclusion that in order to be able to

defend themselves against the West, they must obtain sea bases and

have a strong navy. Yet, it is quite obvious that they will not

content themselves with a strategy of defence, but will seek ways for

expansion too.

The Russians have been interested in wedging themselves into the

Middle East ever since World War Two and even before that, and it

seems that by being able to place their fleet in the Mediterranean,

they have made good Progress.

16 29

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Uc4-Usa UOLEcNac acUU OMUULU LaccLLU U1.LMLU.4 LCO ac4s0

couiLLgu LLL dta NLta IL44LU OLLcNacLU Cca-UUcCLL'

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stALa-1.!mau.uLt.a4La) aut.4d 4NLCaU Mcca: tca UtN4as (OL)' C.40

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4110311 00WC dc4-LaaLca M4 at.4g. NLSLU-UtLcU cLUL a-00c IL44LU

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LiaLmu Ld tmeo.mu 01.402 cue014 4aLau 9L ag.co. HaLAuLLa" tat.44La

tu4Laag.a - ccf. trLuug CD CLUUU 4aCc Uacl (NL C4 IL4413 OLCLNOLU

aL441.41 taitu)- 4auLa ot aL ust.44Lts UaLts.NacLU 11MLLLU 4MCL 0'440

71.CLICILLtN4cLU LCOt EL44LU CLAILCcLU (pow_ UtL4 CMcALL M4 dal.

adt.L.La-cf.t.L aaLtf.g.a aaLg.ct:a ua ucLu ULaf. uol.r&uag. t7oLc ILAALa

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B. Vocabulary and Notes:

Unit 2

191i31.1;gili oceanographic

nWISB possession, occupancyvolume of body in space

The root of the noun ;trollis Ipaa ; to seize, occupy etc.

nuclear

.nucleus; kernel

nucleonics

nuclear energy

nuclear reactor

nuclear weapon(s)

&Ian armed1 equipped

111121a "V ballistic missile

Ivq3 missile

"1.1 intercontinental missile

'?guided missile

conventional

lunir measure, sizerate

wilug liable, likely to (be, happen)

20

-to send, to send,Off'-

1717Nn, - the Baltic Sea

ota - the Arctic Sea

lindn nan - the Black Sea....-

nlimn - the Far Eastqry rt

nnnen - destroyer (varship)

niaD cruiser

2.3e nnte battle cruiser

armament, arms

-tat akar', - heavy armament

dant) .7vn - ordnance corps

1:11 , 017 - model, sample, patternvs v...2.

;13-uni - estimate, evaluationit, s:

;114 MB changeir t

Wit - to occur, to happen

n4Epst. - springboard, take-off (diving)board

14q2 Isnwog

promanda

- revolutionary (the root: "1 ri")

- hemisphere

(ball) globe

21 3.4

rIN ;1 14R e

.114 91?.1i1

114 D's?il

terrestrial globe

excessive frequency

frequency, succession,immediate sequence

superfluous, excessive

3' 7:25.1. process

r 1;19 in the process of

ld ?I! - to make possible, to enable(derives from the word "14314"

- possible, likely

nanchrt - possibility, likelihood,chance

to favor

The origin of this idiom isfound in the book of Esther,

639.: 1%412 10: nt=1 nie""11P,,4 T p,q :"Thus shall be

done to the man whom the kingdelights to honor".

honor, valueprecious.things

7453Ur improvement, prefection3

nita examination, control, test

en n fire control

n4 Rea to "? control panel

(4121 In 01171t) 12$ - to the extent of, about

man - strength (of an army unit),garrison

nnnil; naan effective (fighting)strength

n'tipn'n nal?' war strength

D714 man powerVT

seaman mariner, sailor

501. to be diluted, to be thinnedout

The writer uses the word 17t1I,

as a colloquial expression,meaning: dismissed, or removed.As such, the sentence simply says:"The talented officers and sailorsthat ware dismissed from thenavy..." Usually, we use the word

71,71, in reference to the thingsor materials that were diluted.In this way (even as a colloquialexpression) we would say:nza

."7479.."13.1-1: "?'71tz.) 17171,

to dilute, to thin out

fishing, fishery

volume, capacity

actually, practically, in fact

transport, transportation

aq-ara emergency

041U emergency

11,13,p07: SP.: . T

236

"Ears for the Kremlin". It isa figurative idiom, that means:informative sources of theKremlin.

nq :qv IlijaT .

1 n47,

The idiom derived from theexpression: "'70D7 n?3Ir",meaning: walls have ears, or,in other words: everything canbe known, even if you guardyourself by walls.

(adv.) systematically,methodically

gystematization, method,methodology

motto, slogan, password

above, above-mentioned

- (adj.) attacking

- proof, evidence

to be affected (with disease);here, fig.: to be defective,to be weak

nnio IvI1 4 - homeland bases, native countrybases

basis, basefoundation

n4112/3 umbrella

nanp,rin

9411 al

amp

- inflammability, conflagration,catching fire

the Red Sea (Sea of ReedS)

spacei wide(open) place,region, area

24 37

nsuon

n3d

373317gr :

1333140 4.30111]$ v

W.11,91

11-1171ir vv.. Ir 2"

nalln

1:0441%; wrrliorm

1141-091

(im) 01=frts

nu! 90':1.1%

min7pn ,11

risimnAn i%-- -

- deterrence, determent

- to repeat, do (go over) again,reiterate

- invasion, incursion

operation, task, project

became meaningless andunimportant

to become empty

(adj.) gradual

The adj. "'1?..1.171" is usedin the same way. both derivefrom ri

gradation, gradualness

gradually, by degrees

- guarantee, surety, assurance

a Struggle of mighty and powerfulforces (as powerful as naturalforces)

contest, etruggle, matchingoneself against...

(n.) great forcee(adj.) strong, mighty, firm

natUral forces (storms,earthq(Akes etc0

to have (gain) the,Upper'hand,to have advantage over

to be the loser to be atdisadvantage

38

1%1M1 1TO DIT1121: forecast, spectrum

weather forecast

-9;411 vital, indispensable

nIvlart n;altk vital importance

144".1 vital force

'44411 vital need

na4saail vitality, indispensability

TOVqin .114 nrtmln-

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negation, negativedenial, refusal, vetofault

indirect demonstration(proof)

to profit, to gain

menT n throwing away, castingIn this case nar;in meansapplication. It was used fora while in this sense, butlater it was substituted bythe word (34 .tg? which hasbeen accepted as a term forapplication.

12;41 17170 "to.cast (lay) one's burdenon"sto put one's trust in

load, burdenlot, fateimposition, tax, levy, impost

al Riau - harhor

N110 entrance, alley, entering(preface, foreword,introduction)

de if, lti.. West (where the aun sets)

54n1, retaliation, reward, recompense

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to restrain, to moderate,to slow down

moderation, moderateness,restraint

to wxrb, restrain, put a stop

to, check, halt

ii412.11;1 provocation, challenge,aggression

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The presence of the Soviet Navy in the Medit.erranean Sea bears several

implications, to the Soviet-American relationship in general, and to the

Israeli-Arab relationship in particular.

It seems that the Soviet Navy might prevent any Western interference

in the Middle East. Moreover, it might gain control over the oil

resources in the Middle East, especially, since there is no real Western

force in this area.

In case of a struggle between Israel and any of the Arab countries,

Israel can expect help from the United States. However, Israel might be

denied this help, because of the Russians' presence in the area. On

the other hand, it might guarantee a restraint on the side of the Arab

countries, because U.S.S.R. is not interested, at this stage of the

game, in an open war in the Middle East.

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B. Vocabulary and Notes:

1.4y9

Unit _2

not long ago

already, long ago

- homeliness, domesticity

- (col.) impressive

ni1 310 - to be in distress (trouble)

found, staying, living

7atit '4111. to be in grief

nwey in, '41f to live without joy

ni 31; - the late, deceased

;114Vn - fundamentally, originally,mainly, at first

14y essenoe, essential, basis,foundation, originprinciple, doctrine

especially, mainly, chiefly,primarily

nsuilhe itiolence, terror

040,Vx vliap acts of terror

1;11-11% interracial

0,5 race, trunk, stem, stock

uc'q uncurbed, unbridled, withoutrestraint

curb, bridle, rein, restraint

39 52

1Rinf

(nn nannn) 021n:-

ol glysi71414 11111

reins of government

to take the reins

to give free rein to

rate, proportionmeasure, size

birth (death) rate

by instllments

immeasurably, limitless

n-Tri3113. continuously

n/nnn diligence, continuity,inertia, persistence

2=t pp - following, tracing

IRT34 close, joined, tied-in, attached,fastened

nig/ 74D4

"F: n7

dollar-linked

rra range

effective range

11'744n the other person, fellow man

re741. (adv.) except, besides,save, apart from

niqi7 to imagine

nui to placer, set- to compare, liken- to level, even

riladvz routne

-rAp#

DannIP %I

nation

164 R3:11

nnnipv

nsvin rinnio-e-a

IFINIa 11 q'

WIN 1

(adj.) routine, conventional,trite

routine visit

average, mean

on the average, taking themean,

(n.) exception(adj.) exceptional, unusual,extraordinary, irregularoriginally: a fetus extracted incaesarian section

wall, screen, partition

(here:) headline (in newspaper)caption, capital (of pillar)

subtitle, subcaption

point of view, viewpoint

seeing, sight, viewvisibility

vs ID (rmt-ID) nqxi sn'? as he likes it (sees fit)s s

nvip% natt-is poor visibilit7

v339.xp cabinet-

0's7 i D1i31tP. "'

244

lor1:07sa '730. t. v.*

shadow cabinet

(here fig.) to press, compress

favourite

corps

diplomatic corps

41 54

nmnInnevt--

ran

avypon 'Er!! 'pn noy

hops l'n4 n4i, 7,140n t

n1,3K

11TO 111%1M

111

training cadre

to skip over

to waver, straddle (sit on)the fence, be indecisive

caprice, whim, fancy, foible,craze

capricious, flighty

scientific method, science

doubtfUll dubious, questionable,"fishy"

1p4 to accunnllate, store up, collect

vv.

97:CR

?VI

hump (of camel)

blind to one's own defects(lit.: the camel does notsee its hump)

to collect, gather, hoard,stoctpile

hoarding, accumUlation,stockpiling

hoarding food

incessantly, without a stop

cessation, stop, pause

in a flash, in the twinkling of an eye, in no time,very quickly

to calm, appease, abate, pacify

aqiu approximately

aq,E; proximity, approximation

mlnbn

val '717. 1117:ann4 ngrgw:

nianv

nnu ix nun npne

(11z4D)

tvimm

to stretch oneself, extend

the city extonds over awide area

sensation, ,Iense, feeling,perception

paresthesia (medical orpsych.)

- dim, unclear, indistinct,dull, opaque

flflp - blunt

n14132 xis - dinner

nE - bread, morsel, piece ofbread

nynnta n3 - breakfast...,- -

12111 crisis

lEfg grave crisis

v?72 102 financial (moral) cris-ts

n, win

14i,v? 94:1

949:3 subject to, subordinatebent, bowed

nazi

43

subject to the law

to be under someone,subordinated

cook, chef

56

'1)V74

1121i

"1R

1q3D9113

10-13'7r1 1.37110v4 So..

- French

France

- to prefer, choose

- (adj.) 6ilurid

dell3atessen, luxuries, a royalrepast

dainty food, delicaciespleasure, delight, luxury

paa7.1 obsession, evil spiritsticking, joining, attaching

paal-Tginu, possessed, obsessed

rn-rirn irfp election campaign

campaign, rally, drivejourney, travel, march

- to appoint, assign, allot

ne ;la service, tenure of office,.:

nmdt34 inarq ngapvir :0 /FS

1',17rJ Dlmons,

011

position, appointment

his term of servicelasted five years

of a high rank, senior superior,elder

senior civil servant

- to decide, determine, resolve

445

high ranking, person of importance

high, eminent, supreme

alla

- restriction, nre:.Intive measure- fence, hedge

alternative, possibility, way,optionchoice, selection

1112 1,ma as there is no alternative3

nlla.: :

nznn

Diann oln

wim,14

nrowring 'In

lfs nscir

at the option of

close to the Presjdent

partition, wall, bar,barrier

to let down the bars, toremove barriers

- ability, capability, capacity,talem, fitness, opportunity,propriety

physical fitness

combat capacity

capacity for work

appropriate time, anopportune moment

lairiv manoeuvring

isuma vm3"'s

PIP

,4:01; P294

- to consider, think things over(with the possibility of changingone's mind)

to take counsel, consult,consider

to consult someone, takeadvice

ck:07T:1 - to ignore, disregard, overlook

131Rvs-

"nitenn riv-on".2. y.:

1111190,71 'Inn

l'ovain ",012V?

11plain

nlpalI

- hare, rabbit

- "Alice in Wonderland" by LewisCarroll

"Oh my ears and whiskers". Inthe original the Nhite Rabbitbays:"Oh my dear paws! Oh myfur and whiskers! She'll getMS executed..."

fame, renown, reputeoriginally: coin, mRdal

to become world famous(renowned)

- (here:) onse (of animal)

- to sniff, snuff, smell, track,detect

irg 1124V - measure of distance, a.smalldistance

a small plot of land

4 7R upwards, up to the sky, aloft

'71.t height

JA4241AAM1:.naaonnrin AN wmp

22041 IA

obligation, commitment, under-taking, responsibility

to fulfil (honour) theobligation

1129? to avoid, abr;tain, refrain from

it is impossible

- defect, deficiency, fault,shortcoming

46 59

... arena, scene, theatre

n'EM.1-1'. n1."T - international scene (arena)

;sawn' rin'T _. theatre of warye:- - .

region, districtrope, cordmeasuring line (50 cubits length)

(here0 to leave- to spare, to have more than

enough

miarn4 - in conseouence (of), (lit., onthe heels of, in the footstepsof), following, based on

3e4 heel, stepfootprint, trace, footstep

nRid - catastrophe, disaster, holocaust- destruction, ruin

7.1s0.". v4. - The Bay of rigs (in Cuba)

- reasonable, fair and proper

l'n llni - reasonable price

n4.1%;7 - reasonability

3.2.1 9 TM alp. - guarantee, pledge, surety

n4:41:2 n2r1 - dangerous, pregnant with danger(lit.)

1-1r1vI

n14r1311

grip 11217.2 7Q.41";

pregnant

change, excl,ange, valueconsideration (legal),substitution,compensation

valuable consideration(legal)

47 60

napna nnRiann=

11aADA

n'lkq ;1'19

nsasn rin?1,213

dt

('7E) o? ti

nr1/242.ta 1317 n'194 rit???11sel'711Ana

4,1)31 4394

value received

in exchange for, instead,in consideration of

- assignment, objective, miseion,task

primary mission

bombing mission

fire task

mo3 - to be counted, numbered, reckonedVI

to be reckoned (considered)as, to belong to, be listedamong, to be included in

England ranks among.thegreat Powers

it was decided once for all

iroein - to lead astray

nid (adj.) stripped, barefootbereft of sense, confused

rmenv.:

c 71.! n4 nVIII '711

'T P4

nacrinan la -070-

- to deceive, mislead, delude

Don't deceive yourself!

not to be broken or cut off

to be cut off, severed, tornawayto be removed, driven away

sever one's connections with

- to shrink from, be disgusted at

to be revolted at thethought

rirritz IS

;932 via.? i311

43031/ Via'? 43 'a'a

rrinarra 13s ;I'm

to the extent of (the degreeof) panic

panic, fright, terror,fear

to himself

strictly between ourselves,speaking among ourselves,between you and me

this is how things look, thisis the situation

face, countenancefront, facade, exterioroutside, surface, levelappearance, expression,looks

49 62

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eagerness, etrong desire, ardour - ngiron.1 .1

propaganda, explanation, information n-j.aqn .2

:man vvpn nm nl1av7 cialn .n

A much more important emmple involved the President's decision to

commit American combat troops to the war in Vietnam. This Aecision,

right or wrong, was as momentous as any decision any President has

made since the Second World Mar ended. Another President would

certainly have announced, explained and defended his momentous deci-

sion to the American peopae. Instead, President Johnson for a long

time pretendedl that he had not really made an important decision

at all. He seems to have had the notion that he could commit

American troops to combat in Vietnam without his enemies at home

or abroad noticing.

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B. Vocabulary and Notes:

-1-2?a

gt:

in qf

a7t,

Unit 4

necessity, compulsion

against one's will,reluctantly, unwillingly

change of personnel, reshuffle

(Aram.) man. Heb. 13,A

speaker, spokesman, mouthpiece

jack-of-all trades

hold-allsupermarket, departmentstore

- singularity, distinctiveness,uniqueness

- setting aside, appropriating

- lonely, solitary, lonesome,forlorn

En#2Vg 11.1111,12INnervous breakdown

Tig11111371171 undermining, upsetting,-Rs- shattering

nq 347titif ambition

vstistkui ambitiousvt-1

rnal1.approach, attitude, access

nemr approach

accessible

approach roads, feederlines

N3R3VS

agtm?

1E621V:

child, offspring, descendant

considerate

emotional, sentimental

vismix li.r4 - hospitalization costst " ;

(in plural only) money,value, cost, charge, fee

ne.1q 1R4 - deposit, earnest money

n4194. 'al - fare

nco2D ,nn - admission fee, ; g

trinum - film maker.2..

offhand, casually--a.

37 vivin - (adj.) moving (the heart)

in -17n

1;217i1 121N

'7n

qW1

.7.114n ni11700 12/EV i

to reconsider, withdraw one'sopposition, regret

the big capitalists of Hollywood

rammagnatehead, chief, lord, noble

big capitalist, financialmagnate

a railway magnate

si demanding

lam, ,n ph-a- -

an immutable (hard and fast)law

6073

ilritin .1141V - broadcasting service

rill?. TF.1

1,1?

11?

rapMI .11.

11065 wIN1

to be insolent, to defy, toput on a brazen face

to dare

- pressure cooker

pot, pan

interview, appointment

to make an appointment

worthy of the name, proper

suitable, fit, appropriate,proper, worthy, deserving

inR, Awl) shortly after3 1r

close, near

UR1

7110

nalma

- intoxicating

rude, vulgar

to be enraged, excited

to boilto be enraged, furious

- banging

- document

- desk, writing table

"td; linle 14r0-9 to revile heap abuse upon

linIR ewer, jug, pitcher

,o11101 boiling water

9 in?. blood pressure

914MR consciously;s

derives from the root If srt

193TIT conviction, persuasion

11,11) spasm, convulsion

t =IN ":3 whenever, any tine

vsm'er 012,t when

3 F.11to abhor, detest, loPtlie

o'vc43 aunatlin nno

11lN 24MM 1/n-%

244'9

to squeeze, press(fIg.) to wring, extort,blackmail

to blackmail, extort money

to extort a confession

(col.) airconditioned room

airconditioning

n44417.9 11Z.policy

n4m4,79 policy, politics

Taz4 nilPi '7? protectionism, protectivepolicy

linepolicy, outline

relaxed, loose, slack

62 75

11312 rm 6125

tarn,

to stare, glare at, to set eyeson, sharpen one's eyes upon

to sharpen

917.12 - to wink, blink, flicker

9.3p2 /13 - a fluttering of an eyelid

937737 - eyelid, eyelasL

1 v a - movement, Taiver

rinp, prestige

;FT ;min to bow, make a curtsey.. TV,

il4R - bow, curtsey

nln;:i to pronounce, declare

siipp V, to take a beating, be flogged

399r to absorb, suck up, blot

n4614 - hard, cruel

101

940 n439;Tann

940.7 33 29 v2v7 "43

to remain, surviv, be left

- to be gifted, graced with- to be pardoned

WI=

IMM

common denominator.(factor)

denominator

to reduce to a commonfaCtor

11114/ friend, colleague, comrade

R i? - to vomit throw up

liqauf rria - W.C., closet, lavatory, toilet

64a cr use, service, usage

IFIV7S3 shock, shudder, horror

.11491,N championshipet-11 N champion

U1D, - debate, discussion, dispute,argument

pagn - trampled, trodden, routed(in battle)

ite2vin - Mont-Blanc

vision, sight, spectacle,N.

phenomenondrama, play

3.1?.

Ell 51 a -4

- hiding (secret) place

one mho has long legs andlong arms

0LIS hands and feet (of a human)feet (of an animal)

D11513O.*

roam

to be moved, excited, stirredto beat, strike

nationalistic, chauvinistic

zealous, Zealot fanatic, jealous

sincerity, honesty, frankness

6477

1it:W.0911Na manipulator

Raa4 - hypocrite, hypocritical- painted

lEs - gap

DIR1 Dioji

.114DT

nian IDT

nntrin WIDT

niazT iiild

informative, eypianatory

explanation, information,propaganda

- problem, subject for study

human rights

right, priTilegemeritcred:It

ancestral merits,tary title

right of voting

heredi-

equality of rights, parity

lit4 decade, ten yearsTheoretically the word nib!can be applied to days andmonths too, but Pctually it isused for ten years only.

nO12.79

niTa citizen, native

ds3 ndwa ideal

nolo yearning, desireTT

7865

lifting, rising

-7 n,Tr-lx nvna - to cure

nzn-IN

1313

n-rrin

("rind, 1-6-1")"nlyq-37 -1113,w,"-

healing, curerecovery, convalescence

to recover

cyndcal

voters (lit.:voters' voices)

the Black Power

- destruction, overpowering,knockout, routing

:KR . robbery, preyv.

uniN -r'raQ - Uncle Tom's Cabin

nN - fireplace

JIV nglyi press conference

;MOD party, social affairv

nnAdi recordv

rIqr"2111D .717.V

17,7e (adj.) complete, total,perfect(adv0 completely, totally,utterly

the acme of perfection

C, Exercises:

2.1n9 .21

n4224 .22

yprts .23

2424 .24

.25

n;?p, .26

vnlran .27

avm2in2 neon .28-.1

14no .29

nInm .30

Unit 4

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1,44at .11

243,d .12s

livm, .13

Tu2 .14

Dela lvf .15

0.109 .16

1112$ .17

n-elet, .18

n22a .19-yrs

nada

n4r,VE .20

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remnant Iv* .4 'unforgivable

.41 .1

15121-7a .2-

:man yopn nm 0311l .T

A lot of people have come to dislike or distrust President johnson for

reasons which they "cannot tell". It. is a result in part of the

President's unending yen to controll the undontrallable2...Consider,

fOr a tmall examplewhY. the Pretident it nowoordiaily,4etestedby

the libite House press photographers...The President is oddly. convinced

that the left side of his face it more handsome-than the 4ght ,side.

The photographers at the. Uhite House evehtt ai-e:therefort herded3

together on his left tide, o that they can't get pictures of his right

side. They are also sternly forbidden to take pictures of him whil

he is speaking - the President dislikes pictures of himself with his

mouth open. This.attempt to control the photographs of himself which

appear in the press is of course ludicrously4 self-defeating. The

angry ph3tographers vie5 with each other to get unhandsome pictures of

the President from the right side - preferably in the act of twiddling

his ear or rubbing his nose. Anyone but Lyndon Johnson would have

forseen this inevitable result of his attempt to control the uncontrol-

lable - and there is nothing more uncontrollable than a press photographer.

1. to control

2. the uncontrollable

3, to herd

4. ludicrously

5. to vie

173.? nE21 05'797

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4aaa&4 a7 t. 4LaL a&I c& tu tmau mr&tLL tLut& uati.10 a4 Nh

aLLCL a4 TralTrai artLu - a4 cLt McULts maL4u aLstl tcl UGLLE4t0

L6.4aLl QL adLLu al.&41 4u112Lr Huaadun tmcL Ltau&L&Q - 41%

rdtaL tudr&to udLi.a&D LtuLd ua&dLu a4 uau&L&a LuuctaLu°

uNasa&a ulLt.c&a 4ut&1% 4urmauu' caaa my&ta uaLL&D aN4u mctL

m&ru NU LLCL* tfrars uLa4Nt&u uauLctru riA4 asu MEcOL 40 NL40

ucr&u urta utLe.a&u aaLLLu dLLa c4 LLma c441. MaL 1.440Ll 411

usca ELLa&

1-17-111

umurLi sta acitt .11,km Utru4u m4 auLL1 4alLp ML1L Adm4Av:m4_:

Nu TrZWCZWCE 12G.L-4-Lag.0 m4L raL4rm Lrca4tul° LsLrL 44r4 mu

xLqi-,4r :at440E.g rsto-u uro. tu 11-.CL&I a4 uasr.! aL LOLL aacL tcL

4tic1.- Harp mot usAtu rat& IL4aLL matimLu muLe L rc4 imu uLCu

UtcuLLI40 UCCNLCLO M1141,C&M UcL AUMMLU.

ruLl 011.1 maam4u drsu 4t00.1.ucre.0 muLmLa Aak44 mu C4

NU UELLL CdEcLAS UNcitG42411' ECM 111 stOCtir NU C114.. LULL M4 rLs.ate.0

usta MUCA.NL uaLaa uttimeat 4.mLa 1t4u4 4.t1G,L..a4 Lru4L eirL4aLa

MCM&L cM4OL UCL&Q&C d4 usruu UMOLC&O L114 Hi iatALU

uLL vmuaaLu aLtif.4u uLstiLuLulg LuaLL 1141. aaL4LuLL ae.a41. ac.a4Le.

LuaaL4u muLu rul 4aaa4a amLa cLmL LaLLL xL uLtu asaLa ram.

rmaraa muLLa 4N GLGLANLe.1.0* radLa LU uquaL a4 xaaLLrLilLtu

t4u.. GLGLANLGAU' Eau mr4ou 4url a4 asaLu 1fl4 u481m4 uLaa 4NUL1

ULNCLCU ULU!: ANOLL LNLLN4LNELL C&LL1 1flU41111 CLLCU CUCCALU

ucLLt4Lt7 m4 ut4c4u urLd.a4u° xL cma4u 4m4aLL4 uu4auL uumLru

cauu rm4aLL utra aL.L44aLL cLUL ac4 at&Tm& muL a4 au4Luc.0

tainaL uatra4Lag LtL uLm aL cacLuL reat..4 aL Lcool.1.° aLs Aare.

CLUE ut..L i.LLd a4Laa,se 1NU ULLGli acxtu LGcLLMU a4i.0

ucLuc. 4r4La mu utti.racimu L4uuiLL as umaLL raata utLe.af.

UCLiU uxra m4 Lxm aam4u ELLarc.u' UNLL4L L&ACIL14 LLUU xat.

mrLat. mu Laua'

a4 14.1L aLu m4 LELL aLr 4.c1.4u 4uctuaL unuaadu" tmcLg 4arc.

ual.rxrat.4.0 ute.1.-4xLa4La4 Lc!. uLte. uaLa& u4.rt-Lre.4 cL4 4u&t.t.cu

rag.Lu Lru amtL m4 Nat.!. raam4u urLc.aGu 44m aad Luct. uut.ra

ruaLmL riuLLLu Ltu rctAg CGc. muaLL aL 114.u' otamrL u4..m uLtt

1CL ramud Luurt.rt.0 ur.t.re.t.0 uLmmt.rLu m4 urLLau u4Lrt_Lci.0

B. Vocabulary and Notes:

austerity, simplicity

V3 3 11113 D austerity mtions

9Er2 range, scope, extent compass

14124 -IR VII

n41910.

('a) vin mew

within the scope of

realization, fulfilment

grave, serious, severe,critical, strict

a strict prohibition

his condition is serious

freezing

freezing of capital (wages)

nV.R V 91 mr - co-operation, collaboration

gisi 9 trf partnership, cooperation,A)attiCipationcollectiVizatiOn

.p

n-riar Di 3wr,

11.1 141..1;ir3;1,

71.73 1er

employer

employer:

reservation exception

..tansPott ..traneportatiOn

very vigorously, vehemently,forcefully

90;

1'741R

117,1q19.4

, cold-Po

Wnt

strength, pomer, force,vigour, authority, validity

valid, effective

extension of validity

to be invalidated, loseeffect, its validityexpires

directly

straightness, uprightness,righteousness, evenness

to go smoothly (straight)

unip7Vin balance of payments

ITRD balance

9as, wing, flank, department

2;a11, rationing

E;121s

lsod,_s s

1400. t 1X4D

1010

134113

, .

-

import

import permit (licence)

prodact

Peiti finish0 Pi"odu#

remainder, remnant, surplus

Pre4aminence, superioritYabundance

,aserifIce'.

TzleR

alspziaa a,sqwe

Di

n'? .02 -on,Vi

saving, economy

to introduce economy inthe budget

14-n consumer

911Dri

91131m P3P

r0a3nger

n:0,n 1117aarc-vs-

W,Ran

TIV70.1:1 IPlegq

hired, labourer, wage earner

daily worker

night worker

tariff

to fix a tariff

- limitation, restriction

birth control

without restriction

to impose restrictions

11 With.? credit

Td13311 consuniptionv. 2

PV 1fuel consuMptiOn

isdnxm

T4a

1:191.4";

1491 ,1! ;124

sufficiently, meetingone's needs

cutting curtailMent

curtailing of wageS

TV0**-11*J'..q4ti?; /9i14irigs,

_

cif'restraint

nr4i DE,}1

noi svi

131,1viu 111, - caul";1, :V% 'V

nu-1g a

VIET?

3rIntirif

employment

employment service (agency)

- to stress, emphasise

unemployment

out of work, uneMployed

- pound sterling

stock exthange

to rely, base oneself on,refer to

referring to, basing oneselfon

n24 to stop, curb, restrain

nf,q1s: 1 la n.,T.Z.

iaiiv

nannauln

11112 l'Inj

healing, cure, remedymedicine drug

there is no remedy for this

chronic

to'hesitaté doubt

evaston evasiveness

lifop by drop, 4Owlys littleby little

n 'drop

abindonMenti neglectf:s. negligence .,

nadis nuiTa

nylv ngirQ

llnan.

n'yan nx ',run"-wt. 4.

n;R:11R2

1,11311

culpable neglect

unintentional negligence

to clarify, clear

to clarify the problem

career

challenge

C. Exercises:

,jn va,12,1! .11

18201; .12

n;a!ginf .13

iaqf na Ryan'?v:

.14

nanlnv.15

ng-pla .16

'7E 719.E9O7 -17

ni74ia .18

ngua .19

'70)2 KIIin .20

Unit 5.

:nlman ov,on ov ov000n 7131 .02

V33 .1

;mean

21Iqs ,3

D77'u3 pawl

nOv, 90T

rip:nt

.4

5

fAars19 .6

maa7 .7

'13no .8

Tom nqapin .9

nglx7 ,10

.1,(1oson 1D pinlOn ) tilman WOW, fl,i3 cW7o Ksb .a

pyres ,6

141a .7

.8

n 9vinss .10

nov41 .1

11,to.sna .

',?N4182

14E1'1

V23.1- .1

...!.!;1Divan ,9-7-37amn 1%3-4 .717 .11,Tm.1

Il.n,76.1.2 1 i.,",vonn rivio'von-en no .

?(1.4-1:6; mai n:,

oam InIp Oystin 111aa olman ovelmn nlla win', no

IPT.3

torimm vs, anlit nnal 6pyprin l'aaa olman 0'0790 1DRD1 R30 .4

.0191010 01 11 911n1 210Tn

'vulva .11'1171 IR WrIum '7120111., 1.111 1,190 i'70 1113 .5

6Papo1 7413an 01 9+91' 6Py9y1 vz macs nmInn 11W7a

:01x3n cro,yvn nwvin Inn -mon ."PlErlq

tdr.0.11 01747.1 Onirl? 99nnq tlit111 p2aRg?

.Petip 9 pealCi 91fitip rearp # n4711

vm 'son ? 0%/amm ovavaan nalap '711 'Norm 1,3a n3133 vlIcs .6

solman cro7smn l'a 71ann

osvp .. osp 3iovu aip

,Rarl, - '7E4 ce,manMoose DIP*

lam - 199 Isairi ,s4

'Alin ... lav

D1DM 713a .nnewm wilaa 'via' 6Py9a11 I43a 'no niplyvn om .7

:130190WD DR "lawn Osnan wim,r; 70 n'alys

, vas 23vp orva 071 2 Piny *pop , onm , oma Ova

.120 9373201 031 2000 2100

13K .13P1 "133 n1141p3 '121 "13""

.omn -0103 .7

"VVIO 111'710 wenn

olte lvalp Day," pm l'a signet 1,,s6, 'la plow, mut plvnala

tomm rives 01\012 1113 vulonWO n'12si1 nOVIn tevItt .c11,013

tstAll'? plml pay pm llam nizvort v.412re,IlK

71439 14.7 1'139

all13/9 14517

101 C-FfrOP n 1490

41,13m 911'33 crivID,On oxvmleitu DK0 ,14312

'nocizn mmadAn .mnlm

on5dry

:n,man nloon nm non .2

no3pn-

n4.1;11'

.1

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9 11Ria

9 lio5

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.(ova-s) ;11:149q 1113125

12D .

vta 5-r31 toy .

(,'n') '411499 ;031370 12f100.cival 111,33 2 crivoa"ovman niocitn ns non'

vaisiatulf .11

ci?, .12?72

mrpme-ar .13

'31-qT .144211,Rv ,15

1+11.94 :16v. ,vInvisiT9 .17

P1i17W13 .18.

,plapef .19

.20

:layman nlownnN nn3. .

inysin.37v .6

01:Intt .7

vga-ip, .8

-ivisqp .9sa-vi-ps .10

AISCII.ZELLartMel um44tut.'caduat. m4 au 1.,iL4atl cum4au

top:a.Uau LSCt&II u;ca da.i4ci.tilevaaaLuuLd m4 Ntm.. te,40u:

Aci.ELt u11,44.43.1i

C mu& uacau'LuaauUm4 uculd 1,2Itfi La14 UNOI540

LOLLdi,' a*..12.0 utiLc4,.a: ctsg4 L Ultit 12d1LL d4 ci.c..at4u

MEtdOL.

ail U0 uvall'14 cua aCciu c4.-LL.c4aul Aucmc.0

atu a4 u1DN4Lg ucNt.U:

17'

c°

satmL44'

:m OV 4401

AU Ucta.U.,

g. NAL Zt

6 taint. tp&L

cv Lif.4eu RalA

L.' 0414 2.1101.

0'*tc) !Lai. Lot. ad,

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4tLA44.1.0,

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LOCI, SELL, 412LCU40 UrN&O:

6

L 9'

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NOSQ40 GLGLOILL40

LALLN4LAZ&U

au4Lu CLLt4LU

4ua uu446 aam rAnLL uact..4u aa INLO COL 40KLA UU403 AL

LI* cattau iu Clactic0 cau LCOU OLCULO 41.1114c04 Lt&O OH4L Wt

:man popn nm wo7a3m12 main .n

aivin 1371, allnmn olavnamn im nap, nvan7 ml

nInmann lnlmane winmann 1311W7 Ilmm

nmpn inte, nlalomin ilaY07n nal'om nloTalon

nnsfon mla vat'? anYamln ntain, nplopme nalnaa lln In7tummn

crialnn lla llomn nm liam, -0,p'7p on cerim ,ntata vie,an

laen.nmtpn linm ma ',Twin ke7 nTn 1-Imm1 -mom rplosmavon

,W7mam %atm DT310 int el -112107n nylana .ovilnmn.nmepn,

'pylon, om inly 1117 n'tate7 mta12 nT Int evik

.'02m*,mn plma nlinnn'? climalm maYme rallloYmtnn 0112ttmn

olpoly tritat 1"7.vma /Om 01012 nplmtn my mm pl m n n'kmn-

-faun ,nian'21 pmW2 alen lnum ovialvm on Om, ovP7s-Itn

MyltlYm one nilnone wimp lnanin71 peon 0101, milnn

112,,,n n'emm .tamon plTn7 mvan'ilx,,nm tier), m1t717

.nlaptoa nnloir7 crborrinm alai im .IT 7111/2 1-357 nnt nlolt

.11,111DD am, ;nmian'7 DIA:van nmtpnn um nlmil71::nlmn, mY

1}DyDY13l:On penal ca,"07a llamn rix ivTnn, n1'73.0 ila-PY'in

.nYav17a

EITI rim nliatl main

The Labor Government, in fact, faces these daYs the most:seiouP

political crisis in its two and one half years Of Office,. Inracent

Weeks, Labor has taken a phenomenardbbing1 in loCal

oyer the CoUntry, lOaing contrOl of: London, Liverpool, Manchester

and:other old Iaboi stronghold-a tor-the ConserVativeS. It is as if the

Repliblicans Were to will in Cleveland and Chicago and New York and Albany

all in cne year.

Most of the poll. readers2 think it,is economic dissatisfaction that has

moved the voters away, from Labor. To,meet the Sterling crisiaihat

Angan last JUly 20,Mr.i. Wilson has cut hard,into conSumer spending,

alloWed,uneMployMent to rise and froze,wages.:The Biiish are nci.m0e

noble3 than others in their attitude towards such unpleasantries.

Good politics, then, would counsel Mr, Wilson to relax the economic

squeeze4 and give the voters a little more money, but Other events

warn that he may not do so.

10 drubbing niZ.V72 (n4.VE.1)

2. poll readers ilrti:1 11 3747 1213

3. noble ""Or.

4. squeeze Tn1

Unit 6

0171M-1131 0171V

ololon-l32 0171m nlalvm 7m nmlnl-mma nnIpn nlxvinn-nyla

vnlon n",In 1ix7 ms, imTa-la .17113 '21,217 vinv n3l1nK7 371,1n

123 171133 /3 1111K2 la, 01/3173 "01/3D1OOM mInpnm7 vinnnu 7m

o1nt3 7nn lnl, mymvInn mImaln /2M 771] tiollspnn..mv7lo nitm nnsa

la ivon nne77 ovvlum arii opc#171p 600-7 allp mnl/mm "71K

02/K 131D17, 9111121-12312K I/K 1//11/ ov7vm7 .nnm n3,13

willn 7T7 crimp Dna my lm 9n-11:ma nyvama pv.17 mIllmv

731p0 1,32.:Toln7 nT 011N 723,73 OVM /9"/ ;13N2 Ilala

.r3sI17 717vm vm7 nal nona wimp 13 1K Itt 037a

TKD nplomon ,n171m lazn 12a1n llaynnnitn7 nytan la

.E77117a n1711an nummn nat nTn 11mp1 nImm7

ommlalon "(Inman loolsvn naann nlysta nn 121nan

ollnx PITnn ninn nialvsa .1961,a 'am ov2K1713 7mmlm

212T 121//7 12K 0/71D1 1PYD" :101,21 913173 IIDDV /13/73 lmmnrons

..n77na 19,37122

calm nv7im 1vim17 lavin napolma 11172m ilinmn Imasn 13901

on vm 10K3 onv7p lmm, "M*07K31/ 11112142 1M2K Ina ".11pn

.cr#7,m-laa 17,7'm

0,7'm 7m imam ilvm n1,223 worn3 alsomn olnIpmm ololln Ilma

0'003 nrptine2 tnittn3-Pn n1311 gvttPllnttn 12ln1 100,21n laInDo7mm

1nm 1:1102,17-nlImllim man oxlma nTm nsan-ilvm 7m.1nnpn7 cl,m1-171

67.7n 17n "1111", ;rima.ln-max - nlvallos nlzlan

11147173 180-m n.14tvilmm1 n"111 n3l3P1 12clin .1',Ap

11X/22 0-07/10-132 1W,Ion.nD1273 nr1ln7,0.1m,Ar07:1'711

nn rminn 'Innis in nvall n3mtt. Dm 17n.,mn n7Km2 -

ntt ninn'7 etn1z2 1 'It .1m Itiazpil ntro ro71D,,n11170.n. 7,Dm, _TIT.pi 9123.0,

.-171R1 nwipa nT 90m .o.,Iins:17m1, glOpn

-.C113.11'szn

'irnn'' 11K1pO la2pri .37116i. t'Ple"n. 112 M lir.'6'1-1113773 -n./2

noloam -1111kri "lin" 4112113' -An*,

At4-q1UUdOil LIULA CCek tNOOL aL U.aat.u

L4talla -uumt4 ccLut..:4 aaLcu -uurru 4mrt. ac4-aLLO

alc411-c-uaag.0 marada dit.L40 4tACLL aA.AC'-utr.t.

uLa acA.uaLm ac4-11axcLu*_cc-La amLc ace, cuct. oqc

:

a4 aaLmu un.4Lc.,4advr mut. ua 4 u-dLr Ltmg L4dcLa cauct.Lu4a-

.VOLC COML,tL Ott*:

AamA4. ccLAu I1flt. AtA adtu rmt.sLu urt..cti auaLt acw.tvLaraLl

rimta MOVLO ,120c4tO_Urcl. ttallittO NLLL c4744 mtLcu7UntalLe

LAMAuu raLL aLaL 4a1Aacm- acua-urc4Lc 4ucLu L 4c4 uccLLtca4

taLd-4a1 usuLl exasAu uacrica utrt.cca Lra 4uiucL mu umLcooncu

aA aa4cu-LuUrtu Ar4Lu mu ac4-umLct aaLud Lt amt. - 4iCLU

yOULtLt0 ac7Ca4 aauct.Lu

mcaLm6 uce.0 MtLt atac.Lu uurtu trt. OOLOtO NOLO. =flat OcALL

mucuu NcIDO CALLtU 1.14LAU ONLe ClicLU LUCCU trL-acesca coLtLe

m4 aaLaca' mcl uac-4 caLuL mmtl-maccLca mLuu 4rLtu Ltg CLt

1.4aLLu fit. m46 dc4LaaL aa4LA uaLatia mt.tu 4raLc aao4LAa

utm4cmacca m4 sattL aaca tauct.Lu m4 c-pc m4ts dune' ti.La m4

racLu ct.Laa mA aceica 171,7777-E7771717 m4 mt.a Lrc4° uac4ca

-E171117171717. {rind rt.scrc NO tL1140 4UtIrcLU OLOcaILL uaLac 4OcaILL

uUee IIONLtiaUss umaLcdAcug ma4-ac ac.LLucu uLcA Cuu4a Amato

UOtaLli* UC1124.44 CL;Oti. UVLC ruu4au Autica NU OcULUU MA

CONtOLL..112 NcEL 114 e OcULU NGOLLOAI CH40 L4Ge.CL ttrIDU 4ucrcu-

maLu uctaua mA Lmmc-aul rLacccco Au44' L rt.cu-uaLasLu uLLcau

ltd cuLamL mc-aaa 4LLctca tt.mmc-aul rLactcca mato' art.0 umLna

turmauu m4 uctcu utcc4v-mcdan4 aatct. cc uucu ru uLacos aLLru ra

crmucca mmLri_L atacoco maLcduca ECM NLILULELil0 uciaLtcl.

m4Lm mtca' Lami &Lau tur4uu cau Lcau acrica Ca:440044a CCL-

INLOsi OCW. TCL Ot4tO) ULGQ411 4LNOLCIP d4 COc0 COcLIA:t4 4Ott

mcdali (uactAtu 'co 4cct-La 41:17.177CP Lmmt. Ld u4d aatu -

mcdau m4 IJECN4 MCOcOU CdlNr,N4tti. MC)te. CLOW UCCcU

sitccdu-

utccdu -

OLE{ ONi 'VOL EN& r,LtaaLL4 aLLLa-aaLt 4umLLmc' Ltuctcu utcdu-

tur.f.r440,6 L!. L°LZL 1DLLU LLk(dQ&tU1 1a4r4u,* amam4 mmLmts. uuccu

.,rli4uLd dat al' UrcaLu4 NIC4LC4a. tl.N04-02u1'

to teld.LU .mtx411 .m4

#.1.Ll.12.4.'d41.4u umMLAIL .04 41(.4 -uuudmu 4uutza ,

.

4Lc4a-,..,44,c4tL.4*,.."144.4

.-ruL4 uNmmLma4Lu, tmt41.1r-uxut.LrLu m4 acOUL

4410MLFmn-441-42 mg.,4 644.0304'.r4,1.-e.t0ug. r1-41iLd Oc d41.mmL

LL:CU AELCL CLUILLLU CM&IILL UNA. CECIL talCc.te UNLZU CEELQU IL atiamt.0

litL4u' Ltit44 raL4a CLAW L'LtLLU auuu ate. udt.da cciAA. adtu

txt.xLu- 121104L4Cali UiN U.C1t4 11C2LCA/U:CU..4:L Li.LOL Crt.Cli at CU

.u.dal 403.1_ (-..w.li,CL C79 deL4m4 4MA..ciU uaali4e 04

Hua uu4au u44Lta UCLOM 4CLN4 4.10LCU CULL dAl naGLI.CCIsig.

CIILL U0/4440 ur41.74tmq4412 at.Lud4a cLdU NUU al UCICILO

P4 12$L4t!' 4440u rams umarcLaa4Lu° aL.LLa m4 OOL d44LaaLg

4uNa0t. 44Lta-aLuL4g 40Lrt. 044 413.411.0H Le.GL'Xi r4t unr-ua44408,

o444ng Luau0t4a-um4dat.Lt440 ua m4u44aL N4su RUC cAll 40ict. na

LAILICLL LaCI4L4-14UTT0LU CiLO crt. 40 4aslicu ut44du-a4da11 Ots. LVat

u04dat.LE44a 04lia a0L4413 4u0t uu a0414 um4au 04 a44 uliudaug

uac"a 04 a444-u41.LLa° p444a .x4u aaLt4a CIUUU GCe. U4Ldli UCIUMti.0

{NUL 0ar4u ilac,io )IU CIL4-UUUdGUg ULM CILOLIA NLUL 4a11LCU

461c1- c4La al. 005 vtiLLi.-u444u1

Nu 44 44 u4t ura4u d4u Oct a44-uudau LULL 4cL4

ulludau ra4 limm-liaUl au41.- aua 7 Luc:mum rzai. N&GLN 41441.'

Ne.CILO e.LUL COLCO k.1.4 UNCICILCIG4LUg Lam4L4a CIMUCU4 LNifiL 0164 -

0444 uMa4u Lr41. a444a-m4-aam*. (2444-uuas4u ud44a cLUL41

UCCAL CCIUMC&O-N4eOLLC44.0 &LLIK CiLO 4ULLI.4 CIA

aLeg aLta 0.-z114 uLt4uL mu 45441.uu 04 uaaLcu uluu°

4mrL4li-mr4u t4aL44a araLcL ralLu aaLm-L4rL4 Quit. L Lart4u-

4t4Lu ItLC CLLO 04 91. d44Laal.' 4adcr NULiL L441 4ULGLU Carl 4'6

CILSCcO LLLC14.0 LuaL4dm4ag CCLULU CICILUG6.04 CISLCU-CICIACI USCILU

aslicu uacum (LaLali) at4u au ua44 aaLud t.r .4uut.Ltu a4uuL

uLa c4u4l:

UUCICL uaLme. actLrL 4a1.4 40m4ra ra44-adELa' Luuert. uaLac4om4

C4EL CIECIU ULLLL.

S1D-137D31 n5531mm ppriTx7nnlyma na5lmm nvi15 navvn ov5vm-133

pT3n v3na n3313nmn n3v1mn vniTm 5y n33n.1mnxnm ,n3nn3 ovm5pm

.015ve-n33 n33nn nmnymaa

n30-527 Innpnn-v5vm 50 nvvyrn nlvinmnx ov3rnmn ov5pnw mnIn

03011vva 1,131 ntt 3,12,37 'T Innal ,nnorin 5x 553 lanpnv x5m

ov1,Tvx5 7111, annomn vny-51, mnavnm nvavapm-lvnln nn,m2n M2D0

nlynnn :nnpri1n-5va nx 5a5a5It n12,mn n111 pv311 mv .ovo5n1xm

5x 5vmn flit nn3mn lv3inmp5xn-1mnon n7nys rut nviambn nnvallbp5x

x31,31 113vp bm5 ,5von 7w p5nn-n3Tn n3nym mlavm 0M1,30..1V7A1.

-npvv3 rinnym 5m nnlrivn .an ilmm 5ny 155p mvsmmxn 53

nvnan-nn3nx5 n5y la, 03von nx3m3 xvn la v5nnnn 25m5 ny floplx

nnrinn la ,"1an30 sixamum nnlv inm153 - nx511. I1xv5vm 13m0 nnlv

nvxpvnmxn ;mann nv3nn 5m nnmman ..nv3mn o5nsin-npn5ma alpxn n33n

ov3mn mmna ,n3ma 151i nlxv5vn nmvonn nnnv n53751 ov5vm71.33

.nawa 1511 Inxv5vm v3m2 oznmn "IT n3l31m 5m nnpTrm, 151x, nn3nmxin

mon 1'7'x 011t03-po n3715, ,31v1t13 mon "IT wiml3I1mm1t nx3I1

112nym 'nonxn owym5 croxpv,mxn 5m finvvn5 nally av5v0-123 cv5vma

lnlm3 ov5vm-nom 5m neon' 13m ,n1nvann 'nap a1 3b3 nX pn TI1tT3

nx tvpav mlyv5pn lb p5n nn,Lx nmynna mYTabtnmo 5w lblnyva

vnymn 15.vom 1701DO, nvmyn .01-m1531x vT31ma VaDv:, n3Ann-n31-Pla

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ovvivon ny nnmy IvamnIAnl-n111301.apt151mpnvonlVn 535 invlan

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ovnlnm pn 93 ia,vav on-130n0WH-031nb.n 0vIni.v-X3 Inn - 0v331/3

...non7m 5m nnpba nvavYll riD711r07 11C13

.12224.2.12-ASAIEREFI 1733716

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-

3137/3,-nnTo ?mnvi nnObnn ,D42 inv,02.4init.A,n1,26 713.,mm_wovo. _ .

_ ..

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?0ivnIVR4-131b-.170/3;i'nvI3t1,4i..4".1in Iii21m2.1104131n K.17.

u1.1.a..m *4Luku MQLc.dMc.0 LLQU Lm-rdekzu 4u!datim".

Awe.. ad(CU,-urtu uttUor -;u-taug ut.0 4M udt4i. 4114.4L4t al.La a0.44a

ukra-ta.ti4I LA aaLcu-uttu crtt Qc.4c.O cN4u.,44rL LrLciaLt.a4

Maatar amLa cL mat. uu uLrm a4-acuLu a4a iuu0.

addL.Ltu OuLa aL 45L4a c.LL MULc. ur...st.u-utLm tcLii uLLALL

updt: uLOa a4.QaL ureLLaxu macIL exd utx azaL 1.MML 44dat.

aa.c.t LrLaaLLa tamea uL4ri4 mtaLL 4i rOLL$1.4.144 aL4tut. 4LtLi.0

uu LupLril Nam- 4dELN raLLut. (uaiLcu' ru4du uri.i4) m4 di4ir4

N40-4.N4 stiniu tt.1,frLaLLI.E.til C44(3 4U1ri! Cr1.a4EW,

aut.' Luds4ta .tl.t.44c1 44dut. at uamd umiLue..°

marauL 4euu c44 tmd mLrrt.t. 54 aaLL-uurru uus.m uau4uLu raL4a

aaLL'UaL'-01 Ciu crA.4.1. N&GLM, C4c.LLFic.LL uung raLA LuL4 dutL uruu 4N urt.La rid r4uf.-rar4* udaut. m4

umt..02 4g4uau' pact.' aaLL ciu rt.44 mu c.cL4u racit. 4411.a uudeu

Wat-du 4.svLm.uLt.ma r4t rt.LI utiLaELLO cx41. aucLcrti amsLLI

AJXtve.4 oacu ad-rauLu LLasL` a41.4 aaLL crl.-a44a ac.rsa4

um4dL4 uet.0.a umt.t 4M eut.u' Lm AL um4cu mLu a4 uamt.L

MuLe.a

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4m4LLu raea4 iu LILLIS Airm4Alg ra4L1 QuAduuctudL UucLo UmaLcil

aaLcu nrc.4du-udau st.LL cLu-KLa rat.aLrLu' c-cl. 446 Mica aLacidLa

c.m aLL mr m4dt.4a 4m art.a4a uet.4a LuaLa eiuLuu m4

urau ucaec,u uiru u4ucLu uaa4du a4 uaitu4 rt.Lum4rrat.1.-

B. Vocabulary and Notes:

vcivta

stfue../,a .171t1

nrmn.'ply

Unit 6

711; missile

ballistic missile

intercontinental missile

V V

guided missile

net (in all its senses ), network

road system

camouflage net

electricity mains

guard net (wire)

niN, Rs'

nix, m'xin

to appear be published

publither

(adj4 attacking-:

attack

guidance, directjve,leading

04:11, threat, reatening.-

5#U-

111nR p'rni fl1T11.mv err,

"aanT.

conventional accepted, utUal,Clistomary''-

to encourage someone, to followsuit

image'compari likenest,..,teseitiblánce ,

la sn - demonstration

aan to be exhibited, displayed,11-1-1 showed, demonstrated

;71K1 exhibition, show

"vrzi - NATO (North Atlantic TreatyOrganization)

ollnAri T./nth

T WI

1'RIP

to make efforts, strive

effort, endeavour, strain

to sink, Cause to sink

Issaa operational1r s

PX2D operation, task, mission,

trianTan triwritin irrinIr -

TD

nanqI .

19D

project

although

- to allot, set aside, allocate

the Armed Forces Committee

armed

- rejection- postponement- repulsion

eu to farce, tompel

Tap

Tun-dw,

Tun

ni3'751 ,rno "79!

IPP1A

(nilnten nimkr4) n"ax 11,33,

undamma "Ymn nlapn"3.

-mot, la

12

satellite

- to be armed, equipped

spearhead

bruise, wound

shock troops,

nuclear

storm troopers

general assembly of U.N.

general assembly

the tanned space lab

to be manned. The verbderives from the noun m'tt

and is used in the siP.%).172V,

verb forms.

- dispatching (sending) base

base, stand, bracket

nid19 level, plain, plane, plateau

in4149 1fT1

304

to be beyond one's comprehension(understanding, reach)

high, lofty, mighty, sublime

understanding, insight,comprehension

(nsw t. non-0'p) w"mp. kilometre pet hour

nil - height, altitude

165

rtql.

rovni n11;

I.

s

tztts

17:11754 -

- to throw, cast

acute angle

steep, sloping

steep mountain

lliq P17311 mid - to be completely different.1,... .....

nitna ... end, limitoss.- completion, pe'fection- purpose, aim, object

jet plane

airplane, plane

jet, stream

water jet, water stream

a torrent

- population11.2 2

nut!

(Pup 749 '2'1412) 010

stream) of curses

shelter, refuge, asylum

radar

splinter, a very small part ofsomething

nlvyn misleading, deceiving

nyoll...a

(1T+110 'IT1Nir et .

7274

to:mislead, deceive, leadastray.

- accessory, spare part

- to be attached, joined

933 06

nudi3T1

nap rix3pnv -vs-

collision, clash, encounter

nion salvo"salvo bombing

uhlia - to tarry, be late

nr/O.- to be guided, to be led

(-'urn) lin '23

14flaa 1E14 "inn

la4 to accumulate, collect, gatherto pile (heap) up

to accumulate wealth

the electricity was storedin an accumulator (a battery)

ns;rut accelerationV 3 The noun nrit? derives from

the root "xlx" (re,) , whichmeans: to hurry, make haste,hasten. This noun form is usedfor most 1"37 verbs; forexample: nvpv ,npv131:

etc.

74153t

nun

(den) db. .74b7s

nipvT171111-0,6i

13,bp_

mrninvg

Vaula q

confusion, disorder, perplexity

confusion of mind

confusion

radioactive fall

- homicidal, murderous, lethal,destructiVe

- (here) it means, that is- meaning, sense, significance,

implication

94107

by impliCation

iyorean io4cisIrt-4

pr ne4w. owq)

ri,r1431019 n4.17-18

manna n3Tr11111

liDo nanx

'pys

91%,

DiSiDD '214

it means simply that, itsbaslc (plain) meaning is,it means exactly what itsays

alarm

false alarm

air raid alarm, warning

alarm bell

to sound the alarm

fUel feed (supply), fuellingThe word nirD, is usually usedin connection To "real" foodrather than other things, nzfpla

is the correct noun in this case,

maintenance, nutrition,feeding, alimentation

artificial alimentation(feeding)

forced alimentation (feeding)

ling money, Mammon

mammonism, greediness

capitalist, rich, wealthy

mammonist, mammonite

monetary laws

rtgl,r1r,

1031,1311

maintenance

108

(herel,:fig.) ,eXaggeratedastropoMic(A1)

4012.3 nidp ni-Tam

worthwhile, worthyThe word 1111, is used bothas an adjective and adverb,depending on the content of agiven sentence. For example,

9189 '4'tt meaning: I am notdeserving (of any mercy) and124n 14: nrairP7 IN73 meaning:

it is worthwhile doing i.

- surety, guarantee, assurance,bail bond

- (in pl.) casualties

- loss

heavy casualties wereinflicted on the enemy

el-fa:4'71g to suffer losses

pmen ln it is impossible, I - .

233

n4tivVIR UE2)4

"gig1431q,

(1449) n43aarnn riln, ..

nle Tins

TN1R4

impossibleabstain

impracticable,

vicious circle

circle

impossible

charmenchantment, magic, witchcraft

race, running, rwt, course

arm6 race

Wrater course .

xacer

n4071 thawingmeltingdefrosting .

5cipti considerationweighing, balancing

discretion, reasoning,deliberation

2'9% 74ri3 at one's discretion

n'tqpilm av7mf tactical (military)

tovtlai) considerations

4,T

'7104.94.1 '703

n"E

insignificant, scantyannulled, cancelled, rescinded,

null

null and void

negligible (insignificant)quantity

- (adv.) wholesale. Here, usedfiguratively meaning immeasurablyor inestimably

ng3i.ovo (n.) wholesale

ve) - to initiate, launch, plan

nn thi

7141PR

dip

to stress, emphasize, lay stress

on, underline, accentuateThis expression derives framthe gramatical use of the 0419which is the dot put in aconsonant. it is usually followedby the preposition -4.

"Dagesh" (a dot put in aconsonant)(fig.) emphasis

9414 pure, refined

steppingstone, springboard,divingboard

plank; 'board

no

Unit 6

C. Exercises:

.13

.14

.15

nenw-

Kis'?" dgia

nvon 19

trim 'Palm .16

Ti1 .17

0'941 wiln .18

ou & .19

n Trim .20

day, n4 .21

71.44 74r1 .22

Cepk9 liTn .23

n1;ne nntiQ .24

:nlman 0,170';

lain .11

-1.4szop. ,12

090 .13

7,104 .14

,,nnn a'7d .1541/.2 erT

2i9f11 19 .16

,e1 ,17

v1/.9 .A9

0,1- .20

9

1,12e .11s'747ci13 .12

nlovIsn n17nn nn Ban

lims; nay .1

.17 114-cl.

c" d4 Gc-LLt

Z° 214 hita4

14 RI*

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9 114-C4-Gtca

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g-

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ifed

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eita

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tAiL

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ge"uauor uN4daLLtf. aruu Nu umt.4 N4 aaLutno

c'HC4L0 MLd4cU UGLGC40 NGMLLLLU UOGU M4 01.44 uudaun*

partly, in part

like,, such as

about, to the &-,ctent of

:man vupn K nI13 m07 Daln

The question of whether the United States should build a multibillion -

dollar missile defense system started off a highly complex technical

problem but has increasingly become a political decision. Last week

the Administration came up with a concept that seemed to answer some

of the technical questions, and that may also neutralize the political

debate. The new concept is the use of X-rays1 from thermonuclea22

explosions to destroy ballistic missile warheads. Technically, the

X-rays promise to simplify the highly complex problem of intercepting

and destroying a warhead - a problem in ballistics that can be compared

with trying to hit a bullet with another bullet.

The technical value of X-ray concept lies in providing an area defense

against a small-scale, unsophisticated attack such as Communist China

might be capable of launching in another five years. It is at this point

that political considerations begin to enter into the complicated

technical equations3. By going ahead with a Spartan4 "area defense"

system, the Administration might be able to appease all the divergent

political factions on the ABM issue. It mould relieve the presslAres

from the large Congressional faction that is .arguing that the United

States should match.the Soviet Union, which is deploying5 ite- 014i*

system around Moscow-and ,perhaps.other cities, by starting todflady its

oun system. At the same time it could diaarm the "diSermerW who.are

worried that a United States_ deployment might set off another round in

z

the arms race. The Soviet Union would know that the "light" system is

not designed against Soviet rockets, except perhaps one that got away

from "fail-safe" controls. It would reassure those in Congress mho are

becoming increasingly worried about Chinese nuclear capabilities. And

finally, the Administration could take the political sting6 out of any

"ABM gap" that the Republicans might try to point to in the elections

next year.

1. X-rays

2. thermonuclear

3. equation

4. Spartan

5. deploy

6. sting

13912 'Ala'IvrIA on

v.:.

(WRI) '44134

reap

103

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uLm 4uu4r0 ru&LLL4 ma &Lru rcL) rzmut. 4m&t.4 rmLi.u lu

m&aLm NLUL 4EL0 MdML4 44EL0 NE44 CGL4 (MUC4 4LLd40 C. 4CL4

taLcidtu IlLw 4E0 cia44 tract cuL4' adLaa4 mri.Lut. rur4uu uLLt

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.acidrtu 1.4c.OLLLO

B. Vocabulary and Notes:

Unit 7

ln,g worship, cultI 2,

. WI'llq - personality

nzRxi (W7) n4 orilx - persona (non) grata

nVIRM rmatIP.1$ - a suspicious person

610,

nraln '737 quen nnw

Nrim

- Soviet UnAon

jubilee50 years

jubilee celebration

to command, overlook

the hill commands the

vicinity

state, kingdom, sovereignty,

realm

1431. - successive, continuous, consecutive

- attached, enclosed- imbued with- i.;aved

nailVt 9311. - imbued with laire

9.1121 nAld - continuous (24 hour) service1r ..

nIsas, ontil aP7ti$

162:1D nwix, dO,V maIrw ;

three successive years

the road to hell is pavedwith good intentions

wra 943, attached herewithVT

74 contradiction, contrast,opposition

1 091 22

1717T 11,-.1137

11-1MSvv

criminal offender

- taste- judgement, understanding, reason

- upper class, upper part,leadership, highest echelon

- tree top

- engraver, carver, etcher, turner

- conspectus, project, deal-r-- disposition, arrangement

/4:1R battle disposition

dInn New DealTT,

11.1V1.12,1- industrial

=19.7.1- to stir, mix, engage in

nPii 3 "al- a piercing (urgent, difficult)

problem

aEi to bore, perforate, pierce,hollow, punch

P17.1, - to be in need of, to bedependent on

"r4V naiq:

-ro

131343.3. t111Ir 11

da a

official apartment

service

official uniform

- block (of buildings)

1101 2n

clod, lump, bulk, block,bloc, group, mass

17,3 --rwnv,

l'ue

7S1P9 n:/Pe1 T13

117C l'inTe

warm

IP1VV,4-2gLIA

2 111V3

to visit, tour

scouting, patrolling

secretary general

secretary(formerly) recorder, scribe

private secretary

town clerk

- to be worn out

electronic computer

computer

antitl-r13i3rg - calculator

34drj - calculation, computation,reckoning, valuing

accessory

cigarette holdersmall pipe

artan ',ad golden mean (path)gpv- .1

'Pv4ei path, lane, way, course,track

RRAIlarr.1 to settle (permanently)

Tql a little, Particle, small bit

iria n!m rya 17 11

1Q "V?

. 124

the statement is completelyunfounded (totally untrue)

sneer, mockery

n;ia p4 sz2

pa sit? satisfaction, contentmentsupplying, supply

to find satisfaction inone's work, to enjoy one'swork

p4sclo supplying one's needs

imm 1113 to care, to think about, to pay2-

11.37.4

attention to

mind, knowledge, wisdom

nqni3 - convenience, comfort

ill nalIgn - to afford, to reach as far as. . . .

lal' - tenant, lodgerv-

rmin lan - subtenantv: v-

9murn nla condominium

rinters common, shared, partnered,joint

,g1 11UF 'D 5s1 - to fall on one's shcnader

Emu, shoulder*I

- tribev -

11131 - productivev:-

roan nal-

/7171,MIrer

standard of living

standard, level, degreeheight, high place

economist

112 2 5

EN] 014

Nan ny, ;min t64?#u

demand and supply

the demand for thisis large

12% U offer, supply

IX7314 - photogrnphg-

ngl at the same

commodity

accepted, received, usual, current,traditional, popular

u24 to learn, study, read (the meaning

of)to be of the opinion

r4.144

ro,n,

n27n

TrZ,Vg

oppression, persecution

theoretical]y, in theory

law, rule, tradition

refUge, asylum, shelter

-117d - fine, good, excellent

reflect, mirror

to devote oneself to

leadership

1112n13A. leadership quality, thegift Of c6nmand

to stumble slip, totter

113 128

713, nilvm 11.19

51plp

ul:ga

ollgt (n24) gin

allRe 1I;

D'iqa the

niqnMb

innban nan nEzan.%.

he is bound (making) for, hisgoal is, his course is set for..

to be directed

to succeed, prosperto become wise, prudent,intelligentto une.irstand, comprehend

precedent

unprecedented

to establish a precedent

to serve a6 precedent

to dismissto banish, eto lead asteay, seduce

the inspector :las beendismissed

di 9 to retire, gc into retreat,

lutmlla 'alma ails% --ea

levira

keep aloof from

to retire for health reasons

(Aramaic) last yeaz.

chairman

n4R1M) presidency

ri3.1971R disorder (polLtical trouble),commotionperverseness, perversitydeceit

(here: fig.) steelyardcounterbalance

'74v4 aNtr

scales, balance

017.4 to shake, quake, quiver, rage,storm

5.1r4.space, vacuum, hollowvoid

astronaut

9117ti - adjutant, olde-de-camp (F.)- (bibl.) officer, commander

416R2 rrg, to fail utterly, come to naught

desolation, emptiness, wastevanity, nothingness

.1;i31 .1:61 chaos, emptiness, disorder

4;40. in vain

COD 1114 IR

nit) l't

ilien.%.

nsas,

nv.linEk rI3eTa

411

to infinity

infiniteendlessness, endless

to demonstrate, protestto exhibit

demonstration

mass demonstration

to hold a demonstration

111g4 - friend, comrade, fellowman,companion, mate

nvila movewalking, journeydistancestroke, gear

WITIO shocking, amazing

nnln-to 13711,T. 1 Gm r shocking news

m711713. - efficiently

n4'71311 - efficiency

71v, - efficient, effective..1,

1MN -21 maestro-

?lanais-

"1:31.371i

Ilp I I t tom tt

chess

chessman (-piece)

mate (in chess)

(tot:pact, con1:70 ) D3171 - to be defeated, trodded on

II8eta - (political) platform

Tan na4411t2 - foreign policy

nz? n.-ri

e

7131171

range

long range

to bear fruit

to carry, bear, lift, raise

- gradually, by degrees, progress-ively

progression, gradation,gradualness

1311 13-177. 131121 - of unanimous opinion, of onemind, holding the same opinion as

ol94 - whole, full, complete,entire

- honest, innocent, harmlesS- flawless, unblemished

n-Lml - proof, evidence

-te tun although-

(IN .717, - scanty, meagre, thin (opp ofdense), sparse, rare

nittiV2? scanty (superficial) know-

a1.174 -11,10

17.Va

nr3 nvv.1

12449

04.10* n2E,1

D'94'?

71D112IP

nit-ADA

nt`pnla 3719,

ledge, meagre information

thin (sparse) hair

- plot, conspiracy- knot, tie, loop- connection, relation, contact,

communication

in the absence of

absence, lack

lack of form, shapelessness

conciliation, appeasement

conciliation commission

placating (soothing) words

- faction, group

- dissension, discord, division ofopinion, argument, dispute,controversy

.bone of contention, appleof discord, debatable ground

7

naruidnavz.:

-1TNri

Aiqm 114q

"1.12.9 1.11.1,0

314

with amazement, ;%onderingly

- balance

balance of power

trade balance

- abstract, naked, bare, deLuded,disembodied'

- grade, echelon

(70o4) aiai high (low) echelon

als fighting echelon

V*00 aln support echelona, %V

in;o1 asp

lilad

Irn 1,116

cinde

- to form, shape, mould, shape out,

to moUld the character of

ambassador., emissary, envoy

ambassador extraordinary

observer, spectatorcorrespondent

11attri nvefe U.N. observergr

mulainr) occurrence

144 Rail - exceptional, irregular, unusual,extraordinary (orig. - a fetusextracted in caesarian section)

nnibvIrt

n-rao 'PunTN't

wall, screen, partition

- rule, authority, power

118131

man of Power

41,117 3'11to assume authority, rulewith violence, exercisedominion over

niw 3. nid equally, in equal parts (shares)-iv I v.,.

equal, equivalent, similar

(iii31) in4,74 rtt

703 - pair

n93 to force, compelv-r

to force someone to,01211 obey

vq3i17.3 superiority, supremacy

13P tali' crown prince, heir to the thronevv -

61:1% heir, successor, inheritor

13V rule, government, dominion

up 71-innr) to wrestle, pit oneself against

to stretch oneself

-mann to adorn oneself, to boast

eye brow

riag thick, bushy, dense

11qtln2 V'

. 11TR

'193/4.

to glorify, make glorious,magnify

publicly

1.32119

publicity

monotonous

rigasialn monotony

ElVT.1

Eltln n'D

2q1n

- to deter, frighten

deterrent force

- friend,acquaintance

B43171'31 - coquetry, coquettishness,foppishness, dandyism

1'an-1c19 foreign trade

'us trade, commerce, business

barter

nao free trade

UPB - correspondent, reporterv-

Inn) at:; - special correspondent.....8

1131 2§2 - war correspondent

unipya liR - limelight

liplL - projector, searchlight

- to be annulled, undone, violated

. rriqut nmeart the merriment was interrupted

.492T2

Isz,no n;p*

of state, of kingdom

state visit

11?4 - delicate, sensitive, refined

,17373ID.11*clearly, evidently, in reality

Li.,237.., evidence

af.lt, doing, deed

113a3r3 machinery, office establishment,cadre, staff, mechanism

Elp

land measuring, surveying

land, soilearth, ground, bottom

'le ,4 ,lu - to go from strength to strength,to go l'rom success to success

'71rt power, strength, valour

1R1.74 apparemly, it seems that

to be reasonable, acceptable,logical

unit 7

C . Exerci ses :

na;

,7,r4 nil

mem,1 " T

3740

train

-7d inavna

12q

niat ap,

n47,2,4

q'n mAil

nlda nldv.: v.

.24

.25

.26

.27

.28

.29

.30

.31

.32

.33

.34

:nlman

nu .13

iD?ttl 72 m4 .14

0'474 .15

nn7n7 .16ww-m-

vim .17

wialnan .18."7'2vi .19

ol!r3t .20

-Ilia .21

ngwin .22

letiflt .23

pl7n1 DV D1DDWD naa

irro, .1

niaav .2

nvni3 dzIn .3

1.14 .4

;wove .5

10-Inntr. agra .6

ov,Tax .7w$-illna -Inn .8

ninsn .9ww$-

p.199 .10

aa741.? .11

14q.22 nnvnIn .12

:nlionn onvn nl7n nm cOnan .3

.1,ian 7o ... 7alpn mln .1

.ollon ppTn7 m7 aoln .2

n1Tmn 7m 1nlnl3 nnv, D3113 n7monn .3

1n1lav Imo 'Donn 'Ion mln .4

n17'vm 7n ... 01,97 lalnno nln .5

.n7717171 A13122 lpmpm m7 nn .6

.nvIona'almn '13111 on, nllo lailsn oloallvon .7

.navaon 7n ... nm7ln allmn nlov .8

.111pmn inmnn7 1,7v In 17 1TD1 .9

.DR :Ivan ... lnyzn ov7In1 .10

3CI

C- au uurL4 rL uacleo.a: tjar' kot' -Esnxt-

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atU d4 UtNLU:

:x2n popn nx Pain .n

Fifty years the Soviet Union has existed, and its rulers are still

afraid of their own people. They no longer kill without discrimination

and wholesale. Put in the teeth of world-wide protest, in which

Communists join, they savagely punish distinguished writers for "slan-

dering" their country, and then imprison some of the brightest spirits

of a still younger generation, for suggesting there is something

wrong with this. They forbid absolutely all political discussion out-

side the private meetings of a single party, whose members must

present a united front or face not only to foreigners, but also to

200 million fellow citizens. Obedience to the dictates of this party,

or the men who manage it, is still Riforced by a vast and sinister

police apparatus.

The present masters know, as Ealenkov and Ithrushchev knew before

them* that Stalinism will no longer do - meaning by Stalinism total

terror and the immediate and silent liquidation of all dissenters*

real or suspected or invented. It is true to say, as I have said

before, that for nearly 15 years they have been trying tc escape

from the prison of their own past. If this wmre the whole truth, it

would be a difficult task. The men now in power were created by

Stalin; they came to maturity under him; they achieved their

positions by seriting him faithfully. They know no other pattern of

government. So the shadow whic% lies.over the Soviet Union today

is Stalin's shadow.

125 138

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128 141

B. Vocabulary nnd Notes:

Unit 8

commissar

;1 - difficulty, aWkward problem

D'Invil 01nA1C - armed forces (lit, services)

wilY - service

Virl IVIle security services

l'plin ,vrisr. - information services

vtni n ld - military service

74M1Bs-

7403,1 10175

reward, recompense, reprisal,retaliation

retaliation, reprical

1141g authority, mastery, discipline

disciplined, obedient

rilre - tyrant, despot

1131 u414

1VY0wisqlef

nTligV:

ni-112 3n2vet

unbridled

bridle, curb, rein

- dominant

domination

- rule, authority, power, office

to assume authority, rulewith violence

5.1-4g4 (np,) vi - (adj.) covered by fog, concealedand unclear

129 142

to wrap up, cover, conceal.from the root "121.7"

administrative

7030 adninistration

nallp eiN-1, .

nt-m nt7k

nelv

plgei n411.

n'303RE2 nelS

n11non sigin1QnvV: **4

mayor

municipality, municipal(town, city) council

being promoted, promotion

grade, degree, rank, step,stair

being reduzed in rank,demotion

temporary grade (rank)

professional grade

causing dizziness, dizzying,giddy

dizzy(ing) speed

DAV), to be based, established, founded;derives from the root "nrim"

114 4 V19.. skill, expertness, specialization,mastery

augl support, badking

snli

(herq to be purgedto be purified, cleansed

at the end-of

(Aramaic) end.

130 143

1 dictator, tyrant

dictatorial, tyrannical

nain - amateur- lover, admirer

S::1113114;11

reservation

with reservewith a grain of salt

- flowing

143w: sharp, clever, witty, shrewd

1431 V.7: 12ER sharp-witted

1.11n product

nava 117 -IsavT

m;r1Vonn1:"a-mr3

semifinished product

embodimentincarnation

clumsy, heavy, aWkward, complicated

D'Irap-64n1 - wrinklede i e

A metaphorical phrase consistingof the words "DM' ("a wrinkle")

It .i -141,and ot ("ploughed").

E rip oi rivne to1 '44

D'nt

;149 spread over, covered

to look half asleep, to havea sleepy look, sleepiness isspread over his face

Mdlit expreasion'physiognaMy

facial expression, countenance

nnip 1R - (fig.) importance, stature

,IDI measnre, size

nnip height, stature

17grl, - eager, excited, enthusiastic,keen

allnx onn17 xnn (col.) he is crazy about hervn-

)3i na CAW, to be gluttonous, be overfond:

1.11112A4

of drink

together, in a friendly Nay

KR'S - team, association

a1a.ii - shaping, forming, moulding

liT4 .... vision, proDhecy

n2;114 pple virgin territ-Jry (soil)(fig.) unstudied subject

ilnt virgin

ricti lig assignment, objective, aim,mission, task

37E0

V7DD 7RTT T

111'7013 12pT

3M 134

exaggeratedprominent, eminent, greatdistant, remote

extremely old

advanced old age

eminent (prominent,distinguished) scholar

54pyri consideredweighted, measuredevenly, balanced, &mai, egavalent

1197.1 - to become clear, evident

1:13314 - planning

e 117 - improvement of the soil, soilbetterment

24412 improvement, betterment (used.

just for soil)no word usecl for improvementin general is "i4s0"

1.,1 lrrq3

1.1a

71Z;14Q.,

uncultivated land, fallow land

uncultivated, crude, boorish,illiterate

- brightening, glittering, flashing

nv3r) FQ73 well-tested, tried and true

pa"r2 tested, proven

- hope, expectation

W1:J, shortcut

igair7.1- to be spoilt

na7, to learn, take (draw) a lesson

n

na3rtiri

111102a.:

lessonlearning, teaching

reliance, dependence

to lean,rely on

depend upon,

encouragement impetus, incentive

133

ail!) : iaEn

material

he is in a good financialposition

- profitability

;Inn MMN - criterion, standard

nett-

aan

ani,

cubit, ellforearm

model, sample, specimen 0 pattern

- golden path (mean)

at the same time as, step bystep with, alongside, togsitherwithin equal parts

14 portion, part

vsun

nnton

"t1:2

- to copy- to remove, shift, displace

nationalization

- to adapt, fit, conform- to acquire, obtain, get

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controversy., dispute

to be accustomed, used to

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Unit 9

B. Vocabulary and Notes:

(r03ismi) lisyd, flood, inundation, deluge

921to flood, inundate, mash amayto rinse

nktV1

7411 "Ita-Pl 11194

niqu 11 ?

1;iva 17? i3't

11a91 19 in

1.4;leu 19 (417g) niooilv

1Z191 19 079;

;14'3

to perish, die

fallen in battle

to die in battle

number, quorum, vote, score- minyan - ten adult male Jems,

the minimum for congregational:prayer

MM1. score

not inclusive, not to beconsidered (counted),excluded

extraordinary, extra

full (associate) professor

auditOr (university studentattending course withoutcredit)

:tO count, number, reckon

117.4 (here2) to visit, come upon, attackto count, number, hold a censusto order, command

Taal

RIO*40tV

m7ried, ten thOusand

tiresome, tiring

den mud

lly

ant

n'13

nialay

nalaow :

in2'3002 '7Amon".:.

ruins

ruin, heap of (fallen) stones

fall, collapse, ruin

flame throuer, flame projectora compound of 31.12 (flame)and nliv (cast)

flame, glitterblade

corpse, cadaver

surroundings, neighbourhood,vicinity, environs

surroundings, neighbourhood;environment, milieu, circle

to adapt oneself to onelsenvironment

naInt forecast- spectrum

Derives from the root "nTn"to look, predict, foresee.

(iikoZ) 11.1

113117a a 123 ni vnl

:rips

134 agm ily, fat fattish

to calm down, subside

is eyes filled with tears

to be collected gathered

ai'

-VerY aorig time

a period of firty years

'

14 SKr

113N

tilt?

nixvw Tilp

111,419,1Nfl

ipm

nav3a

'12;n7B

nzer

1.1T

tmni?tt,

IVANg

Atnit

-nalm iVsie, T W AP

- loss, damage

municipality, municipal (town,city) council

measure, size, extentrate, proportion

- to estimate

cellar, basement

bargain basement

- Uffizi - a famous art galleryin Florence

- fresco, a picture painted onplaster (on a wall or ceiling)

church

a mi:.eless (radio) transmitter

broadcastertransmitter

to broadcast

..wdreless,

transmit

radio

stored

.1,0P4t..- in stote to .store

storing

- estimate,valuation

reval

criticism, a.preciation,

uation _

3.312,

wut,V I

evaluation of a situation

deserving of appreciation

7 ii137:11x not to be compared to,incalculable

;frig: 1 ** 67 incomparably

044 to be injured, damaged, harmed,hurt

2453 - crucified, JesusT

a2x -to crucify1.

2:02.17!to cross oneselfAo makethe sign of the cross

"Pl.:T.) ° '1 P. cross lines

2'73 .cross, crucifixV 2

cilmn aincrt the Red CrossIry 4.2 -

._

0.717 n'un,la23) wIlvv11250NE"V it a

Pin

.317k

(Ital.) baptistisry,baptistry

to be torn away, cut off,severed, disconnected

engraVed-

blemished, defective, notched

robbery-, plUnder, lOOt

:some idea

ides motion'' concePt-

little, 2SoMe'Inthis ning fl appears ,only iii7.-VOnStrUctot,-111 etc.,

145.

eZSZ

nquvivrin:

2B9Q VIRE.

awir

'1,S4

what, which

to some extent

something

- breakdown, fall, collapse,tottering

without beipg stOpped

to stop, prevent hinderto delay

without

1194 - prisoner, captive

mr.iv nIR

R:g 119 sR.77

eqIt*PD

- prison, jail

prison, jail

to imprison, incarcerate,lockup, shute arrest

jailer, gaoler, warder

2.3;) to be stationed, placed, set up

.j -13in

rit)11

niNia7 'nun

disposition, arrangement .

*deal, pxvject

tO blocks.. shut, Close

..eptraPOs :entry

amlanC-e

whileafter

/ i p more, another, once more,longer, yet, still, any more

li3111 - central, median, intermediate

lizla -Its). nva - secondary (high) school

71 37tia Ina- the lirediterranaan Sea

liz's3 la - median

13,071in - the Alps

ri-rouyv-s

624 n 9 ,II,wnn"3..

nSAM

amall toWns townlet

- to become less, to be impoverished,to be exhausted

- plague, epidemic

34 n2i p shelter, a roof over one's head

beam

13i1.11947irt t nsai1

g 343v 2

hOlan "MD

rign.

(fig.) very near,at the doormay

(lit.) to lie

to lie, sit over,

these those

stretch out

missing4abselltee, .

adj ) lacking -un-,.

4lic.apable

mjssing in adtion

farm,:farthateadi rano

3n gra:370;,:b1..;graNT01#;One

irr2iDT S

r1.1KS

- dike, embankment- battery (elect.)

to rise (of a tide, flow ofriver)

high tide flow, swelling

Via Dolorosa

oll4e1 04e? torment, affliction, pains,suffering.The word is .used only in.plUral.

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NsAL uu-xLu rLaaLu cm tL LuL utu LLtaxi.u

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n7vo7 c'yvan.pa,m nx ,o,nlon 1036M On rIX31vM1 oapann

win7a 7m oloonlmon nlalonn ovano .nalmmla n7 'mono nnolon

DIpT1 10113 217,mo nm 737773 Ilya 77av1 fl3F1 ,xlmlm

.nvn7an vonnna laonlmm nlno 013777v ovnylx 7m nlan nialon7

:ov273no 7m7x2 /7vo7n

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lyaoam nlaom nlnyx., 7m n721 n777ym3 17lvo7 nv7o1m7 nmx7

oll,n7n 10 ruin n3lapn ..yaon n'Ialomo nxxvim 3n7na ,naa

7nm '7' 7y n7yln no7rann 1l1w7 ilvynn .nlam 77o7 nlamn

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n'n'y comn .4o,vm3 x oloalnn 11mo1 pa ono ovInm77 n,p7ovm

nnlon nana nylvyn vo onxylon nalmva 77onm noo 13,7ml1y

.i7m7xa '7,n7n n773797

to inspect, take a close look, examine

on the other hand

museum (Bibl. - treasure house)

aid man

aink9- log .1

Ervxs

:nvE

-V

3.4

:Kn sovn flN n,,a37"7 pain

Fears of epidemic rose last .night as -a third cT the entJrre Italain

peninsula lay stUnnedl and suffering ,under floodwater akci"-mud

mpst extensive peace7time disaster in the nationYs history. Ilare than

.tmn days after storm,suollen rivers' htirSt their bahke in central an

north 4aIY, the- calamity-in terms of human sUfferint:and-

mPreer4

152.-

.19

The Vatican joined with the Italian Government to send aid. A massive

force of over 100.000 men spread into the disaster zones to save the

living and recover the dead before epidemic flared. Hundreds of thousands

were homeless. Mbre were isolated and in danger of death from shocks

starvation, exposure and landslides. Violence and crime added to the

misery of the disaster. In Florence sporadic looting-flared out. The

economic loss to the nation, emerging from a period of recessior2 was

incalculable. Florence and surrounding Tuscany suffered the worst

blows. One day of floods did more damage to this historic capital of

the Renaissance than World War II.

1. stunned Damn

2. recession "?iIP, 014/93

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Unit 10

B. Vocabulary and Notes:

.-241,q 7D 04

niam Wm:1n9nennq

D4217Ta:vs

ITIVN

.nanlVn

WID1=Ve

'4'9 v2.1, 2'107917

- to rise against sameone

ratial riots

riot, turmoil, tumult, panic,confusion

racialpurebred

,race

racism

violent strong

- violence, terror

acts of terror

background, foundation

the dispute has apolitical background

(niliMtrit) CV ) 71411?"11?es

"1 i dna-

slogan, mottopassword, watchword

"the BlaCk Power"

la sincere, true, candid, honest,outspoken

np.,117.n. - (hereD legislation- engraving, carving

equality, equalization

157:

nqlw nqpI

pl5Q2

liTx

't1P n221

right of voting, suffrage,franchise

right

choosing, choice, election

elections (in pl. form only)

ballot, ballot box

polling district

polling committee..

field, area Sphere boundary,bound

(herer) appearance- prophecy, lision- outlook

The noun derives from the verbnIu which means to look, see,

predict, foresee.

7147n,

71.evr.v

.YdeonstratOr

to demonstrate, holddemonstration.Trotest,to:eXhibit:

P/t13177-1,

371213enin

- -march, parade

(here) to move, shift, displace,removeto copy

plantation

- (here:) headquarters- stick, rod, stem- tribe

131,51 1111

slums

dwelling place$ habitation

poverty, misery-

iRng moderate restrained, considerate,composed, cautious

los

nin31- '4;4%.

nrjr4

NNW

to hang (fall, drop) behindto be backwirdto be slow(clock)

MOP

Vnl'en 9rol'mqV:

"PIO nVerl

ni5ra n13I. V

Tint

lints 71217,

TTINS.

i3inaxI vy:

Ilansn

to advanceto welcome, receive, meetgreet, encounter

equality (parity) of righ'..s

to protest against

discrimination

racial discrimination

to shout at the top of one'svoice (lit, in a full throatto shout in one's Ain voice

MEM

throat, neck, larynx

to stick in one's throat

to take (seize, grasp,catch) by the throat

as a bone,(lump) in one'sthroat

guttural consonants ,( rignym3,21

159

.1.4i 315Itqw3IDVD

the middle class

class (of society), position,rank, statusscene (in a play)

nilovp rion'?o ,class struggle (War)-

.0edium, average,medlOCre, fair

unipnn to rise (st-and up) against,revolt, rebel, resist

Dqral rehabilitation, restoration

D4 p rehabilitation of thedisabled

1,14

11151 13.151

property, asset, riches

suburb

*11. "blue collar"A term used for morkeras aedistinguished from olerltsofficials teachers etc whoare called "white collar"

1,3P contractor

2 2

smali,,,1-3.:ttle, petty, t

IR" , middle, midst, cente,O,

ivi

913.3.,,AIJ:u1.3?) ,., (fig:), dilyert;tray,..

,7: . ,.trAy-,-,v- , , 4 e" , , , ' - (

gin* , to abus,e, 'cUrbe,0 Swear,- insult

cr..p

IRO nall4nsa 1:09

T141R

(col.) bad, 'rotten", "awful"

- pension, allowance

7111 welfaresupport, assistance, help, aid

welfare state

Ministry of Welfare

- follower, "fah", devotee- pious, kind, benevolent

nalQ registration

11R1

lilx,

livx, Imp

9413

11Q.413 n4

wig 92p.

Pt.11 7.4?

cIL

011444 D'R

nnz3

- quarrel, struggle

to interview

interview, appointment

to make an appointment

- as far as he is concerned, as

for him

- pure, refined

to shuffla the cards

card

Sure '(safe) card:

house of cards

to show (expose). 6nels cards

- Parliament House of Representatives .

161

chosen, selected,

173

nliqaq dwelling, residence

onaav ii (n34Dtf) residential quarter

lApi, 1;374

211:0 - restrictionvs

- fence, hedge

to apply

(here requiring, needingloaded, charged with

this requires mending

Ti314 - spark, gleam, flash- trace

rix423 "Pd fix,3:

nairp'

TiN13Nos 4'

,4i7p nsful Tisls in dt

slight manifestationprophecy

traces of holiness

gleam of hope

to have some of theinspiration of

of

lqpq - housing, housing project (estate)

lia# construction, reconstruction

Danq average, mean

sewn on the average taking the

41Zil 1:04

naszu! nrolma

mean

average height

the mean annual temperature

stir, stirabout, storm

storm, tempest, excitement

174

n1 n4111, n4 -11179:3

nnmca damVT. f71;ria lar?St Ma

170:7 n'T117T9 nwi.

rrn

lava 1.43n1"1"

'413#

1147=rnnn

to excite, stir up

to take by storm

calm before the storm

storm (tempest) in atea cup

- to stop, curb, restrain, prevent

to find expression, to beexpressed

expression, utterance;phrase, idiom

sharpening

p,on,n nalannn sharpening (deterioration):- of relations

arnOnvz.

'11.12414 nm nndn. TA.

to detain, retard

to delay (retard) onelsanswer

163 175

Unit 10

C. Exercises:

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nian"ir:

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qua

o'lum o'R

'414 mv4

13,901, nAnLivri

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.22

.23

.24

.25

.26

.27

.28

.29

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.13

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.15

.16

. 17

.18

.19

.20

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nm o'pon

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164

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sentence 17-nt .2

guarantee DA 3137 .3

:Kan vvpn six sonarl7 a3nn .v

Two or three years ago the South and with it the entire nation was

caught up in a variety of struggles called "the civil rights movement".

Today the movement seems stalled, almost a thing of the past, much to

the relief of some and the frustrated bewilderment of others. Once the

laws that protected segregation in the South were struck down onde the

arbitraryl customS and:traditions that conspired2 to:keep NegrOes as

a people apart were also declared unlewf01 it,became ..clear that the

civil rights movement will spreed from the Smith tO the North and West.

For millions, jobs are still out of reach'. They cen'yote they'are:

legally entitled .tO enter.this restaurant or that'hotel but they have

167 179

no money and nothing promises to change this fact. Moreover, they face

the attitude'of many whites who would graht them the legal rights but

will still look down on them and will not accept them as their neigh

bors- or let their children associate with them.

1. arbitrary 1114-iliki

2. conspired 01,4 9nk! 9a0

6

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Tarma Ivtl/D3

Unit 1 1

B. Vocabulary and Notes:

(olqn) ou

(pv!OP13) 0,199.

(niv?in) ninin

nwm

sm211? nivrin

Dynan niI7in

(ning?) ;inn

drug, medicine, toxinpoisonThe meaning here: drugs ornarcotics

narcotics, narcoticdrugs

intoxicating

history, chronologychronicles, consequences, out-comeIt is used oray in its pluralform.

biography, life story

Jewish history

general history

- HydePark

- to protest against

...,2 o174gin rol-R? trigip heavy penalties (punishment,$)are inflicted upon...

'flt14113 -- imposed (inflicted) upon,e

thrown. lying, laid (thrust) upon

rminn .0712 re7a4n I am cit-lifs Id, it is my duty

- (adj.) flowery, derives frimanis.

- perhaps

- just (mere) urchins

_ 173 185

nnns?go urchin, youngsterhooligan, hoodlum, larxikin

ltur - to be distinguished (outstanding),to be noted

a,mn 7qM37w :

1:11313

gallows

inquisitive, curious, prying

pmli? exciting, thrilling, fascinating- binding

naan..%

n'ala

"Mid -1-rm MD-1R .trima n%.

1.1Va

;I:pi 737

iyi3Rn

marble

speakerst corner

- myriad, ten thousand

- limitation, restriction

the tradition is too old (long)to be violated...

beyond what is required,more than

easily, without trouble

- to terrify, horrify, alarm

trade union

binding (together)union, association

sleepy, drowsy

1

sluM6er, cat nap

. 174 .186

11124

("147) Nkft

RP, -IR

(on)lnillyng

mum rinsu

at the time of, while, when

time, season

green grass

meadow

(adj.) greening, turning greenderives from the root

patriotic

protest rally

general (mass, festive)assedbly

protest

(1,4e. neirr) lagi 04nin it seems to me

(ninurm) nuu to compete

("olft") "ulTr n1113 soft (hard) drugs (addictive &nonaddictive drugs)

npnl Inly

012 'WO(nesp) ovavsp.;

young priests, acolytesE11% in this expression meansnovice or tyro (see also nextitems)

air cadets, young pilots

cadets, junior officers

14i2riqz multicoloured, picture9que,variegated

(nim$4151) pyjama, pajama

187175.

94bq bare, naked, exposed, uncovered

ni wean: ol'an bare legs

rcillim n22, petal

nwirm capital (of pillar)- headline (in newspaper),

caption- (bot.) corolla

1411V (here:) navelcenter, highest point, hub

corSpil 1402,

1430

'has 47i1711

(11-4 Jawro nmq ninix

nIzt

1D7.14,

(pirtal9 nil4T) xaba 247

Vq.5112

the hUb of the universe

the center of the city

stalk, stem

to attach, join

identifying marks, indications,syMbols of recognition

sign, mark, symbol, indication

recognition

married couple

type, kind, model, specimen

2M-09V 904519-21t prototype

gT3'10 1D330t ....vs-

V910mr.to

4 le; nall

blue.jeans (in Hebrew the term"jeans". has to be preceded bythe worn slacks orpants)

shabby, tattered

- looked older than his age

176 1 toIt'

vv?

P"-IF1

71?..,11;

like, as, just as, inproportion to

to inject (derives fromto throw)

injectionthrowing

Hp1T

11101;2 heroin

7numU3n 97a171163 to be enslaved, to be subjugated

mq,5imin boisterousness, lack of restraint,: frenzy, madness .

167.:1 7:1 feast, rejoicing, jubilation

'1;4703-n1E1 - (adj.) petite bourgeois,middle slass

11:1341Aa

(aNna-lo)3

bourgeoisie

"InTin wonderful, marvellous, miraculousexemPlaryThis adj. derives from the noun"InDie which maans: wonder,miracle and also example andproof.

;131.1q -toqv

- grain., berry, granule

marijuana

loud-speaker, amplifierThe word "'7'bPi1" ia morecommonly used than '71p "riSir2".There is no difference betweenthese nouns.

177

189

roiRn baldingDerives fram "nn" : bald.

The adj. "nngg" emphasizesthe process cf getting bald,whereas "nun describes thefinal result.

rwrivs. 114i];

"r-ant main

idol

'idolators, pagans

quack, worthless phyUcian

1p71;11.1a - Bmkillist

(Nall) H

El; 11121

51,m*V

v?", '7.07F

sp1,

(P.1111) PB1

"011inin 13,971pm"

Ionia

(n1x3 nitq) rm

- to importPa-rives from the noun( import ) the root is

vague, unClear, undefinedClosed, stopped up, corked

monotonous

(adv.) entirely, completely

perfect beauty

the aame of perfection

- (fig.) to spellbind, enchant,fascinate

- (lit.) to join, bind, hold

the Black Moslems

applause, clapping

sect, party

178 190

-a 51:ra

"Irti nT:Pa

molVIR0.

rinwitnt

stands for (believes in)Derives fram "ty4" (flag, banner).

The verb "1711r. connotes thtt lit.and fig. images that are found in

the word ".7.70," : to raise thebanner of, prOfess, stand for.

racial segregation, apartheid

- violence, terror, terrorism

acts of violence (terror)

- pacifist

- in good taste

yodesty, humility

newspaper columns

(nilmm) 11nm - tall, erect-1

aavn

°D3.10"

(here:) clearly shapedcut, carved

"square"Lit, translation of the Englishslang mord meaning: conventionalor follower of society's rules.The Hebrew word per se does notconvey this specific meaning.

lila oin4 - to be accused, to be sentenced

careervv: -

aspirin

191179

;It .(here:) affair, episode, casechapter, section

to urge, stir, encourage,stimulate

nri7 7B3 to take advantage of...ev:

wilan ignorance, illiteracy

1.1 suspect, suspicious, suspected

niaoaa in suspicious circumstances*2

7E lArtir4 1457v he is suspected of

niRnVT

te.)4141211

permitting, allowing

L.S.D.

"trip" (in its specific meaningof experiencing new "areas" ofemotions and feeling during theprocess of drug consuming. Themord in Hebrew is only a literarytranslation of the English term).

v4;r4, eager, enthusiastic, "crazy about"

mil9n

(nilin) n'Tn.1 1"1"01

13 1 e7t2**

1:1513

invention

acid

dream, delusiondelirium, hallucination

1 80

slang

timingDerives from the word "nE" (time)

(nipt-P) band, troupe, company, group

D'72

Tx's nEF.1,1

rigo,t neat1114i1Pi!!

nplvn lenin

PR IM

rilpan "--

(nnnv)

D'DD ruptif

.

("1"MD7)

13511163,

NTS

corps de ballet

jazz band

theatrical company

editorial

strong desire, mania

- distorted, perverted, out-of-brne

- the proportions (extent) ofthe problen

dimension, extentmeasure

the three dimensions

- purpose, aim

to bomb

when it will be published

when

1 81 11r-9-8

fi air Z91,

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