Anatomy & Physiology Introduction - Harvard Canvas

Anatomy & Physiology��

Introduction

Spring 2015 [email protected]

Office Hours

•  4:15 – 5:15 in 416 Science Center (Monday) •  7:35 – 8:15 in 416 Science Center (Monday -

non-lab weeks only)

•  By appointment

Lecture Syllabus

Lab Syllabus

Grading Undergraduate Grading: •  Your grades will be weighted using one of the two breakdown’s below: •  Grade Breakdown 1

–  Exam #1: 20% –  Exam #2: 20% –  Weekly Quizzes 15% –  Lab 15% –  Final Exam: 30%

•  Grade Breakdown 2 –  Midterm Average 30% –  Weekly Quizzes 15% –  Lab 15% –  Final Exam: 40%

Grading Graduate Grading: •  Your grades will be weighted using one of the two breakdown’s below: •  Grade Breakdown 1

–  Exam #1: 15% –  Exam #2: 15% –  Weekly Quizzes: 10% –  Lab 10% –  Graduate Student Seminar: 10% –  Final Exam: 25% –  Final Paper: 15%

•  Grade Breakdown 2 –  Midterm Average: 20% –  Weekly Quizzes: 10% –  Lab: 10% –  Graduate Student Seminar: 10% –  Final Exam: 35% –  Final Paper: 15%

Policies •  Lab

•  Quizzes – will be given online, in class (must bring a tablet, smart phone (not recommended) or laptop to class).

•  Extensions/Makeup Exams

•  Late Assignments

•  Regrades

Expectations •  Mine

–  Exams will be graded and returned to students at the next lecture meeting. In-class assignments will be graded and returned at the next lab section.

–  Emails will be responded to in a timely fashion (usually within 24 hours).

–  I will come prepared to lecture and will try to answer all questions but will admit when I don’t know an answer.

–  I will read all of the student feedback I receive and respond when I can

•  Ex. Models will be available this semester on reserve at the Grossman library – two hearts and a torso model

•  Study guide questions will be at the end of each lecture not as a document in Canvas •  Lectures will include basic outlines to guide students through the slides •  All TF Lab slides/videos will be available on the course website for students to use if

they choose to do so.

Expectations •  Yours

–  You will read the syllabus and be familiar with all the material contained within. If you have any questions concerning logistics look at the syllabus first.

–  You will come prepared to lecture or lab having done any readings ahead of time and will bring any and all appropriate materials and clothing.

–  All work turned in will be your own except when collaboration is allowed (In-Class Exercises). Plagiarism and academic dishonesty is not allowed and will be reported to the Extension School Administrative Board.

–  You will treat your classmates, TF’s and the Professor in a respectful and professional manner. Please try to remember we are human and make mistakes.

Resources •  Office Hours or Email

•  Class Discussion Board – subscribe to updates

•  Textbook

•  Syllabus

•  Websites (ex. Khan Academy)

Study Tips •  Small bouts of studying frequently

•  Colored pens, pencils & drawings

•  Flashcards, coloring books etc.

•  Teach the topic to someone else

•  QuesTons at the end of each chapter (parTcularly the thought quesTons)

•  Work with a study group.

Cardiovascular I

Overview •  General IntroducTon/FuncTon

•  Red Blood Cells

•  Hemoglobin

•  Erythropoiesis

•  Heart Anatomy

•  Skeletal versus Cardiac Muscle

•  Electrical conducTon in the heart

ComposiTon of Blood

Figure 18.1

Functions of blood (circulation) •  Gas exchange •  Metabolism (metabolites, ions, fuels) •  Waste elimination (renal filtration) •  Hormone transport •  Body defense: immune system •  Fluid and ion balance •  Heat transfer (storage & dissipation):

temperature regulation

‘Hematocrit’ measures RBC (erythrocyte) count

Low hematocrit: anemia (low Hemoglobin & Fe)



•  Hemoglobin





Erythrocytes (RBCs)

Figure 18.3

Erythrocyte FuncTon

Figure 18.4a, b



•  Hemoglobin





Hemoglobin Video

Cyro Albuquerque Neto; Jurandir Itizo Yanagihara; Fábio Turri; A Carbon Monoxide Transport Model of the Human Respiratory System Applied to Urban Atmosphere Exposure Analysis



•  Hemoglobin





Hematopoiesis

•  Blood cell formaTon

•  Hematopoiesis occurs in the red bone marrow

Leukocytes: ‘White Blood Cells’

erythropoietin: hormone secreted in kidneys that regulates RBC production by bone marrow

Hematocrit measures RBC (erythrocyte) count

Low hematocrit: anemia (low Hemoglobin & Fe)

ProducTon of Erythrocytes: Erythropoiesis

Figure 18.5

Hormonal Control of Erythropoiesis

Figure 18.6



•  Hemoglobin





Pathway of Blood through the Heart and Lungs

Figure 19.5

Heart Covering & Heart Wall •  Pericardium •  Epicardium •  Myocardium •  Endocardium

Figure 19.2

Figure 19.4e

Atria

Figure 19.4e

Ventricles

Figure 19.4e

Major Vessels

Heart Valves •  Heart valves insure unidirecTonal blood flow through the heart

•  Atrioventricular (AV) valves – Bicuspid (Mitral)

– Tricuspid

Heart Valves

Figure 19.9

Heart Valves

•  AorTc semilunar valve

•  Pulmonary semilunar valve

•  Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles

Heart Valves

Figure 19.10

Thought QuesTon

•  What happens to flow through the heart if a valve is compromised?

HomeostaTc Imbalances

•  Angina pectoris

•  Myocardial infarcTon



•  Hemoglobin





Microscopic Heart Muscle Anatomy

Figure 19.11b

Skeletal vs. Cardiac Muscle

1)  Means of S,mula,on 1)  Cardiac muscle cells are self-‐excitable and can iniTate

their own depolarizaTon

Heart Physiology: Intrinsic ConducTon

System

Figure 12.10

Figure 12.22




2)  Organ versus Motor Unit Contrac,on 1)  Heart contracts as a unit or not at all




2)  Organ versus Motor Unit Contrac,on 1)  Heart contracts as a unit or not at all

3)  Length of Absolute Refractory Period 1)  Long refractory period 2)  Sodium channels are inacTvated for almost as long as

the contracTon

Energy Requirements

•  Needs oxygen to produce ATP

•  Can use mulTple fuel molecules including glucose and fagy acids



•  Hemoglobin





Heart Physiology: Sequence of ExcitaTon

Figure 19.14a

Thought QuesTons

•  Why is it important that the heart contracts from the bogom up?

HomeostaTc Imbalances

•  Arrhythmias

•  FibrillaTon

•  DefecTve SA node

Electrocardiography

Figure 19.16

Figure 12.11



•  Hemoglobin





Lecture #1 – Study Guide Goals 1)  What is the composiTon of blood and it’s major

funcTons? 2)  How is a red blood cells structure related to its

funcTon?

3)  How are skeletal and cardiac muscle similar and how are they different from one another?

4)  How are acTon potenTals generated in the heart and how are they affected by the autonomic nervous system?

5)  Be able to trace blood flow through the heart, idenTfy the structures involved and their funcTons.

6)  Be able to describe the sequence of excitaTon in the heart and relate that to an EKG recording.

7)  Be able to label and explain an EKG recording.

For Next Week A) Cardiac Cycle B) Blood Pressure RegulaTon

Anatomy & Physiology Introduction - Harvard Canvas

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