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An Awareness to the Meta-Socio-[Religio-Cultural]-linguistics Background of Contemporary

Irish Society, an Interdiciplinary Study of Peace and Conflict:

Through Irish Mythology, based on selected Submissions Published in the 1930s Irish Ecclesiastical

Review Journals.

Considering the wisdom of meta-sociolinguistics of conflict to peace transition, the ethos of

interdiciplinarity in recent research and development in socio-[Religio]-linguistic realm: subjects tend

to micro-concentrate. Conflict and peace frame-works rapidly surpass the limitations of individual

specialities. The Transcend (Webel and Galtung, 2007) studies into conflict understanding and

suppression to a development of peace indicate and model the most developed transdisciplinary

studies on how peace is consecutively and modularly built. Slow detailed process stages within

sociolinguistics indicate transitions from conflict to peace. In a general Irish context selected

mythological essays published in an established religious journal and the Transcend (ibid) model

indicating a delicate roadmap to peace- and often love.

Background perceptions of peace define and conceptualise conflicts: universal images of

nature were aligned in mythology. Irish and global mythologies examples, birds correspond to stages

of peace, the Irish mythological terminology of The Wild Geese, Noah, Crucifixion and Cú-chullen

mention the Raven and also Noah’s Dove.

Gender themes are integrated with contrasting violence’s and harmony strata: images of the

female Ireland ‘Cait Ní Húalacáin’ to declarations of a Catholic ‘fatherland’ (McBride, 2000, p.63)

(statemaster.com, 2007, epitaph inscription). Patriarchy often associates with the violence while also

associating strategic wisdom albeit uncharacteristic altruistic direction to peace. The female images

often as the unselfish, considerate and humane role model, the one who resets the paradigm astutely

and often a calming reserve. Quite often the strategic moment of progress is of original heroism that

defines a collective point of no return and non-reoccurrence, while creating a memory narrative in the

form of a newer mythology.

Background to this essay is from the Irish language and a sociological perspective, combining

both culture and mythology as the distilled wisdoms from previous and to following generations, and

a superficial study of the philosophies and psychologies of recent and of previous religious forms, in

particular, to their relevance to actions surrounding personal and community resistances, and the

preventions of same.

The Flight of the Earls (Teitheadh/ Imeacht na nÉarlaí) in 1609 of the Ó Néill and Ó

Donhnaill clans of Tír Chonaill (Donegal) after The Nine Year War and the culminating Battle of

Kinsale led to their forced exile and a future hope of a reinvasion from Spain. They were considered

to be traitors to the crown and their titles revoked, although still fully recognised throughout the

Cathal Harte Uimh. Mhic Léinn: 20059336 II

continent. Their selected exile option ensured some interim peace Ulster, albeit at a cost to the Ulster

subjects, their own voluntary strategic scapegoating (Girard, 1998) (Leviticus 16:8-26)

Opening lines of the Epitaph of O’Donnell in Rome:

To God, Best and Greatest:

To Prince Rudhraighe Ó Domhnaill

Count of Tyrconnell in Ireland

Who for the Catholic Faith

overcame very serious dangers,

in war and in peace equally

a most constant supporter and defender

of the Apostolic Roman Faith;

for defending and preserving it, exiled from his fatherland. (statemaster.com, 2007)

To context this war, in a sociological capacity was the increasing industrial and “changing

military technologies and the patterns of urbanisation shifted the pattern of urban destruction

considerably through the seventeen century” (Lenihan, p.314) this culminated to the wars of religions

throughout the 1640s.

In Post-Civil and Great War (WWI) representations of transitional phases from the typical

neo-peace famine of 1923-25 to its 1930s aftermath, effects were felt long-after. These were also

indicated in the publication and the choice submissions of the Catholic editorship to consolidate and

gently remind dutiful congregations how progress was continuing through the adversities and

maintaining morals and subtly resisting others scruples particularly the previous colony, European

totalitarians and American economy; and reached the general populous by using selective

mythologies.

While it is difficult to decide in these stories what is absolute sociological or historical fact,

although from a sociological perspective, all is contextual (Rousseau).

Myth is a basic, fundamental structuring of our reality, a narrative that we place on the chaos of

sensation to make sense of our lives. The myth of the end of myth-making is the worst myth of all; it

means that the unconscious has been finally cut off and is irretrievable” (Ní Dhomhnaill i CrazyLanea,

2005)

Present formal structuring of realties come from international agreed frameworks used

widely, studied and taught in great detail (Appendix A, Webel and Galtung, 2007, [contents]) shows

the contents and chapter titles of the interim steps from conflict to peace, reductionist to a dialectic

model, where previous models for peace were multifaceted. (Webel and Galtung, 2007, Appendix

B/p.188) shows the potential volatile nature of the process of peace, and to how it can also

disintegrate and crumble.

Post-war Irish historical, social and familial structuring: affected and the arranged the

scapegoating of the Flighted Earl and Ó Domhnaill’s daughter, Máire. Born to Bridget had never met

Cathal Harte Uimh. Mhic Léinn: 20059336 III

her father and was reared by Lady Kildare (Bridget’s mother) in England. Trans-generational

interfamily-mythological-nomenclature seems typically significant as the baby was named after her

aunt who had “according to the four masters, ‘died of horror, loathing, grief and deep anguish, in

consequence of the severity of the imprisonment inflicted on her father’ in May 1561 (AFM, s.a.

1561). With O 'Donnell as a bargaining tool and the freedom to retreat into the fastness of Tyrconnell”

(MacGinn, 2004). She also was subsequently retitled by King James VI also King James I of England

(Maguire, 2014) for protection to Máire ‘Stuart’ Ó Domhnaill’s to reclaim some of their common

maternal heritage at the time she was being reared in England. Although, soon after she disguised

herself as a man and escaped to the always waiting heritage on the continent, and has a love poetry

book assigned to her, faithfully consigned from her second husband an ancestor of the Earl of Tír

Eoghan (also renamed to Dún na nGall) and the bard of her father, Fearghal Óg. Themes of

progressing and developing love overcoming war to peace establishes a platform only in which love

can exist, almost as the ultimate prize, the ultimate defeat of animosity.

The ubiquitous illustration, Cú-chullan, also the giving of his name ‘Setanta’, to be called the

hound of Cullen, came from semi-deism to working class fame in his Táin Bó Cuailinge defence

against the greed and monopoly (similarities to Greek, Norse, Scottish and Biblical mythologies).

Instituting shared importance’s of the finer rules of war and peace formation through the associated

efforts of the state and the church. It was also a justification for alliances and establishing the terms of

same for the execution of the works required or selected for completion.

The first category (primordalists) holds that nations, or at least great nations, have

been around for thousands of years, that nationality is one of the natural building blocks of

humanity, and any attempt to deny the rights of nationality violates one of the deepest

requirements of human nature. Primordialism is associated with nineteenth-century romantic

theories of nationality, going back to Herderin the eighteenth century, Fichtein the early

nineteenth and a host of imitators later on. In the high period of European nationalism, 600

monuuments were commonly erected to remote historical or even mythical figures held to be

early exemplars or even founding fathers of the putative nation. (Garvin, 2006, p.241)

Significantly, Cú-chullan is legend to both sides in Northern Ireland; this indicates the

possibility of unity as well as tolerated differences while representing disunity from a single point

both without and with the planed shared peace.

Peace definition and birds, martyrdom, altruism, sacrificial, the observance of the others

chosen contributions, that indicates the importance of the values for both parties in a shared peace that

leads to the realigned to expectations propaganda and realisations of the newer moments of truth.

Cathal Harte Uimh. Mhic Léinn: 20059336 IV

During this world economic and totalitarian crisis, the joined church and national redirection

was away from reabsorption into colonial empire by and while maintaining and regenerating a proven

system of self-justification, and developing a stronger identity.

Sociolinguistics detail peaceful wisdoms and interdiciplinarity characters throughout history

More developed research the socio-linguistic jurisdiction directs towards a broader yet more

strategized approach to conflict resolution and peace building. (Webel and Galtung, 2007) Transcend

studies understands and conquests conflict to only a peace advancement alternative and is the model

the most developed transdisciplinary course of how peace is prioritised and progressed.

Sociolinguistics and its slow detailed advancements stages indicate the transitions from conflict to an

agreed and defined peace. The newer mythologies will emerge and these mythologies that will created

the podium for any newer development in the detailed sciences of peace development and community

roadmap to love and peace.

Cathal Harte Uimh. Mhic Léinn: 20059336 V

Appendix A:

(Galtung,. and Webel, 2007, contents)

Cathal Harte Uimh. Mhic Léinn: 20059336 VI

Appendix B:

Table 13.1 Positive peace Negative peace

Survival: absence of direct violence

caused by military power Absence of direct violence: ceasefires, disarmament, prevention of terrorism and state terrorism, nonviolence

Life-enhancing cooperation and prevention of direct violence: peace-building, conflict transformation, reconciliation and reconstruction

Development: absence of structural violence I caused by economic power

Humanitarian aid, food aid, alleviation of poverty and misery

Building a life-sustaining economy at the local, national and global level in which everyone’s basic needs are met

Freedom: absence of structural violence II caused by political power

Liberation from oppression, occupation, dictatorship

Good governance and participation, self-determination, human rights

Peace culture (identity): absence of cultural violence caused by cultural power

Overcoming prejudice based on nationality, race, language, gender, age, class, religion, etc.; elimination of the glorification of war and violence in the media, literature, films, monuments, etc.

Promotion of a culture of peace and mutual learning; global communication and dialogues; development of peaceful deep cultures and deep structures; peace education; peace journalism

Positive feedback loops Negative feedback

loops Positive feedback loops Negative feedback

loops

Undesirable Vicious cycles Hyperinflation Great depression Environmental degradation Arms races

Stagnation Poverty trap Political repression Intellectual conformity

Desirable Virtuous cycles Economic growth Political rights International cooperation

Stability Trade balance Market prices Equalization of wages

(Galung & Webel, 2007, p. 188)

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References:

Blair, R. (2010) Nothing to Lose, Everything to Gain, London, Penguin.

Caswey, J. (2003) ‘Heroines or Victims? The Women of the Flight of the Earls’, New Hibernia

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Cathal Harte Uimh. Mhic Léinn: 20059336 VIII

The strategy of the linear directions from war to peace.

1. Reducing and eliminating war

2. Introduction: toward a philosophy and meta consciousness and attitudes

to peace

3. The only term, the rules of peace, what is allowed and expected: peace by

peaceful conflict transformation – the TRANSCEND approach, Johan

Galtung

4. Finding the understanding of the conflict and transforming conflict

5. Negotiation, the initial dealing, and a skeleton plan.Fen Osler Hampson,

Chester A. Crocker and Pamela R. Aall

6. Mediation: the how and when of the plan, Sara Horowitz

7. A comparative analysis of international conflict mismanagement: Former

Yugoslavia and Iraq, how not to do it, Jan Oberg

8. Peace studies and peace politics: multicultural common security in

North–South conflict situations: Kinhide Mushakoji

9. Disarmament and survival, Marc Pilisuk

10. Creating peace

11. Counselling and training for conflict transformation and peace-building:

the TRANSCEND approach, Wilfried Graf, Gudrun Kramer and

Augustin Nicolescou

12. Nonviolence: more than the absence of violence, Jørgen Johansen

13. The establishment of the Human rights and peace, Jim Ife

14. Reconciliation: [the act of causing two people or groups to become

friendly again after an argument or disagreement: the process of finding a

way to make two different ideas, facts, etc., exist or be true at the same

time(Merriam Webster)] Joanna Santa-Barbara

15. Peace as a self-regulating process, Dietrich Fischer

16. Supporting peace

17. Gender and peace: towards a gender-inclusive, holistic perspective; Tony

Jenkins and Betty A. Reardon

18. Peace business: an introduction ; Jack Santa-Barbara

19. Peace Journalism; Jake Lynch and Annabel McGoldrick

20. Peace psychology: theory and practice socio-linguistics Antonella Sapio

and Adriano Zamperini

21. Rethinking peace education sustaining the peace, educating and

rewarding; Alicia Cabezudo and Magnus Haavelsrud

22. Peace across the disciplines all the boats must rise with the same tides

23. Peace studies as a transdisciplinary project Chadwick F. Alger

Cathal Harte Uimh. Mhic Léinn: 20059336 IX

24. The spirit of war and the spirit of peace: understanding the role of

religion, Graeme MacQueen

25. International law: amid power, order and justice, Richard Falk

26. The language-games of peace, socio-lingioustics and art, Anat Biletzki

27. Peace and the arts the open transparent communication of peace Patrick

McCarthy

28. Peace through health? Neil Arya

29. Conclusion

30. Reviewing of the peace and conflict studies: looking back, looking

forward; Johan Galtung and Charles Webel

Tables

13.2 Some examples of positive and negative feedback loops 189

13.3 Six defects of a feedback system, with possible remedies 192

13.4 Some potential remedies against the six basic defects in social feedback

systems 203

15.1 Traditional and peace business paradigms 242

16.1 Galtung’s table 251

17.1 Differences between traditional psychology and peace psychology 269

19.1 Functions appearing in names of UN Systems agencies 305

Figures

11.1 Rights and responsibilities: individual and collective 169

17.1 Three interactional responses to an attack 273

17.2 Interactive-emotional model 275

18.1 Relationships in time and space 281

18.2 The dialectics between theory and practice 285

19.1 Emergence of peace tools in the League of Nations and the UN system 302

23.1 Paradise Now, silkscreen and paint on canvas 365

24.1 Peace through health working model 379

24.2 Breaking the chain of war: medical peace action in a framework of

prevention 383

'Alter Dubius ' (1938) O Donnell's Daughter, Mary, April p.656

The (altruism) peace prosperity (love) conflict (war) famine resolution cycle/ linear / cyclical,

Also: concentric transitions

The catholic undertones and religious significances of the powers of a relic of the true cross

(Cardinal Ó Fiach) (Casway, 2003)

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