2001 - National Capital Region Planning Board
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-~ · NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD Ministry of Urban Development Government of India 2001 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
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Transcript of 2001 - National Capital Region Planning Board
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· NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD Ministry of Urban Development
Government of India
2001 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
<I'{\ <I U'Ji'~ ~ «< 1Ji.:, I m National Capital Region Planning Board ~ ~mu ~cf,lfl 4etl~<I
Ministry of Urban Development cqmr ff( q,I(
Government of India
~tt+ai <, 1988 December, 1988
(Approved by the Board on November 3, 1988)
~ 41"1'11 2001 <1'{\<1 ~~ ~
(~, 3, 1988cfilfflal'U~)
REGIONAL PLAN 2001 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
--------- --
Ramkishan Huda Ravinder Kumar Ranbir Singh
Balwir Singh Kartar Singh Ganesh Prasad Satpal
Group 'D'
Ram Phal Driver
PK Jain Accounts Assistant
Harsh Kalla Jr. Steno
Anika Kushwaha L.D.C
Mani Lal Driver
KL Sachar Finqnce & Accounts Officer
Roshan Lal Jr. Accounts Officer
Karnlesh K. Bhardwaj Accounts Assistant
Pran Nath Deputy Director
AB. Saxena PS to Member Secretary
Mohinder Pal PS to Chief Regional Planner
Deepak K. Verma Assistant
Bijender Singh Jr. Steno
Satnam Kaur Jr. Steno
Bahadur Singh L.D.C.
Administration, Accounts & Secretarial Assistance
D. Madhu Babu Assistant Planner
Gurdeep Singh Planning Assistant (upto 5.8.1988)
J.N. Barman Assistant Planner
R.P. Rastogi. Regional Planner
Sanjai B. Verma Associate Planner
S. Arunachalam Senior Planning Engineer
V.K. Thakore Senior Research Officer
P. Jayapal Assistant Planner
Manmohan Singh Research Officer
Sunila Hooja Planning Assistant
B.N. Singh Chief Region.al Planner
K.K. Bhatnagar Member Secretary
PLANNING TEAM
.1
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iii
The National Capital Region Plan - 2001 is now being published as a statutory document. The passing of the National Capital Region Planning Board Act, 1985, leading to the setting up of the Board in March, 1985, fulfilled the greatly felt need of a statutory organisation to plan and promote a ba1anced and harmonious development of the National Capital Region. The passing of the Act itself has been preceded by a series of efforts made at various levels for setting up a planning organisation for the National Capital Region. The acute need for this was being felt right from 1962 when the first Master Plan for Delhi realised that the solution of the impending problems of the National Capital could only be found in a regional context and recommended the setting up of an organisation with those objectives. I am extremely grateful to the Chief Ministers of the participating States of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, the Lt. Governor and the Chief Executive Councillor of Delhi, the Urban Development Ministers of the participating States and other State officials who took keen interest in the deliberations leading to the preparation of the Plan. My colleagues in the Central Ministries of Power, Railways, Surface Transport, Telecommunications and their officers have also been generous in extending their assistance. I am grateful to all of them.
In finalising the Regional Plan, the Planning Committee of the Board, deliberated the plan proposals and policies at length in a number of meetings. The sector-wise programmes and policies have been examined and recommended by a number of expert study groups on demography, settlement system, transport and communications, water supply and sanitation, power, social infrastructure, environment and industries. In depth studies, on behalf of the Board have been undertaken through professional consultants and institutions in regard to migration, informal sector activities, fiscal policy, urban development scenarios, land use analysis based on landsat imageries and aerial photography, traffic and transportation surveys, settlement system and counter magnet areas.
FOREWORD
·--- ------- - - - .- - - -------
Smt. Mohsina Kidwai Chairperson,
NCR Planning Board & Minister of Urban Development
Government of India
iv
New Delhi
The two important goals to be achieved by the Regional Plan are a balanced and harmoniously developed regfon, leading to dispersal of economic activities and inmigrants to Delhi, thereby leading to a manageable Delhi. This is to be achieved by the progressive daconcentration of population and economic activities in the Region and their judicial dispersal to various priority towns as identified in the Plan. The Plan, is a framework of policies relating to population distribution, settlement.system, transport and communications, physical and social infrastructure, regional landuse, environment and eco-development, management structure for Plan implementation and counter magnet areas for development. The focus of the Plan is Delhi whose extra-ordinary growth has put great pressure on its essential services and civic facilities. It is expected that a vigorous· implementation of the policies contained in the Plan would help maintain the quality of life of our National Capital.
~-~ CONTENTS
Page
mcfqi~ Foreword (i) ~~ Scenario (vii)
1. D$m~~ 1. National Capital Region 1
2. ~~ 2. Policy Zones 8
3. JI '1fl if@ c6I <I {c\4{@ 3. Demographic Profile 13
4. f1e.(>l~.:C: fm:c:+l' 1981-2001 4. Settlement System 1981-2001 21
5. mmur fcrcliTfl' 5. Rural Development 28
6. ~ {c\4{@ 6. Economic Profile 34
7. qf{q ~'1 7. Transport 50
8. ~-~ 8. Telecommunications 67
9. ~ fcrcliTfl' 9. Power Development 71
10. JI (>I '!fa ' 1f(>I' Rcfiffi' ~ Rcfiffi 10. Water Supply, Sewerage and ~m~~'t'f Solid-waste Disposal 79
11. fuim~~ 11. Education and Health 86
12. ~ 12. Shelter 89
13. ~~ffl"lT 13. Regional Landuse 95 14. q ;qfo { 01 ~ ~ fcrcliTfl' 14. Environment and Eco-development 106 15. ~ chi ;qf.:q ;q '1 ~ ~ 15. Management Structure for
~'ti' fi(il'11 Plan Implementation 116 16. chiJ.:C:{ ~ ~- 16. Counter-magnet Areas 121
~ 17. fcrcnrn ~ ~ m-.:ftrnzj ~ 17. Strategies and Priority Areas m~~cha1 qffi ~ a1R:lch1~ for Development 128
a1Rlch1~· Tables 135
v
National Capital Region National Capital Region Planning Board Delhi Union Territory Delhi Urban Area Delhi Metropolitan Area Uttar Pradesh City Compensatory Allowance House Rent Allowance Urban Development National Highways Goods A voiding Line Delhi A voiding Line Mass Rapid Transit System New Okhla Industrial Development Area Mega Watts Million Units Delhi Electricity Supply Undertaking Haryana State Electricity Board National Thermal Power Corporation Indra Prastha (Power) Station Bhakta Beas Management Board litres per capita a day million gallons a day Low Income Group Middle Income Group High Income Group Housing and Urban Development Corporation Housing Development Finance Corporation Environmental Sensitivity Index Electro Static Precipitators Haryana Urban Development Authority Life Insurance Corporation of India Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand Economically Weaker Section
Keys to abbreviations
vi
NCR NCRPB OUT DUA OMA UP CCA HRA UD NH GAL DAL MRTS NO IDA MW MU DESU HSEB NTPC I.P. Station BBMB lpcd mgd LIG MIG HIG HUDCO HDFC ESI ESP HUDA UC BOD EWS
vii
Delhi, the National Capital has been facing unprecendented growth which has been a cause of serious concern to the Central Government. It has been recognised that the planned growth of Delhi is possible only in a regional context. In fact, the need for regional approach was felt as early as 1959 when the draft Master Plan for . Delhi was prepared. Thereafter, the Master Plan of 1962 recommendedthat a statutory National Capital Region Planning Board should be set Lip for ensuring balanced and harmonised development of the Region. The setting up of the statutory Board in 1985 and coming into operation of the first statutory Regional Plan - 2001, would be impor tant achievements In the balanced development of the National Capital Region. 2. Delhi is besieged by a host of serious problems today. The gap In availability of essential services like water supply, power, transport and manage mentof solid waste is continuously increasing. The problem is being further aggravated due to increasing inmigrafion. In our democratic system; migrants do notfeel bound by physical boundaries of the States, while our administrative, develop ment planning and resource allocation systems · operate within-the limits of territorial boundaries. The operation of thls system, therefore on the. one hand has manifested in increasing congestion in
I ' Delhi and, on.the other, acted as an obstacle in the integrated and balanced development of the Region without any · regatd . to . the physical boundaries. The enactment of the National Capital Region Planning Board.Act, 1985 with the consent of the participating States and the adoption of the Regional · Plan by them .is a realisation of this reality. Consequently,. the Plan has suggested policies and measures which would help in achie ving the objective of the planned development pf Delhi in its regional context
The 'genesis of Delhi's· growth Hes in its rapid urbanisation and its ability to offer 'wide oppor tunities'fer large scale employment through specie- .:
THE SCENARIO
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lisation and increased productivity in manufactur ing and supporting services. Till 1951, Delhi was essentially an administrative centre with a popula tion of 14.5 lakhs but, the expansion of industry, trade and commerce providing opportunities for economic development, in turn, began to transform its character from an administrative city to a multifunctional city and, exhibited a significant functional shift to industrial character in 1981 when its population size became 57.3 lakhs, recording a growth of about 300<!10 since 1951. 4. This phenomenal growth of population is due to increasing inmigration with about 1.50 lakh migrants annually coming to Delhi in search of employment during 971-81. Today, Delhi acts as a powerful job magnet at the national level. This ha drawn job aspirants from far and wide but, more particularly from the neighbouring States. As Delhi grows, its problems of land, housing, transportation and management of essential infrastructure like water supply and sewerage become more acute. The city lacks reliable and adequate sources of water, and thus has to depend upon the adjoining States to meet its water supply requirements. Delhi is a Union Territory occupying barely 1483 sq km of land. The physieal expansion of Delhi, due to spread of urbanisation in the last decade claimed about 40'Yri of the total Territory area in 1981, compared to about 301Yo in 1971 and, it is growing at a rapid pace. 5. The Master Plan for Delhi had initially assigned urban Delhi s population as 46 lakhs in 1981 against the trend based projections of 53 lakhs through a policy of diverting 7 lakhs to the 'ring' towns. Subsequently. this figure was revised to 53 lakhs. The 19 1 Census. however, revealed a population of 57.3 lakhs. In other words. Delhi's growth has taken place at a much faster rate than anticipated. Worse still, the population of ring towns grew by 567101 during this period. In 1981, the city had 11.3 lakhs more population than what was envisaged at the start of the Plan and, 4.3 lakhs more than the revised capacity of 53 lakhs in 1976. 6. Whether economic and demographic concen tration in Delhi has already reached a point at which the social cost of agglomeration exceeds the benefits, cannot be proved conclusively, but, it is clear that if this threshold has not yet been reached, it is likely to be reached in a relatively near future. It is also clear that alternatives to the further growth of Delhi should be identified on a basis which is
viii
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ix
consistent with the objectives of national economic growth and social development. The solution may lie in making investments in selected settlements outside the metropolis at appropriate distances and also, in impulse sectors to relieve the National I . Capital of its suffering from the pressures within a reasonable future. Inspite of the awareness of the pressures being exerted in the Capital, for over two decades, we have failed to remodel the pattern of development from a mono-nodal towards a poly nodal pattern. Today, the Government has an obligation to create a pattern of development on as big a scale as possible and, as soon as possible. Policies must define dynamic action and, be dynamic in content. We need, therefore, develop ment policies, programmes and plans aiming to:
relieve the Capital city from additional pressures, avoid adding new pressures on to the Capital and remodel the pattern of settlements in the National Capital Region to enable them to play their assigned role.
The Regional Plan-2001 incorporates inter related policy framework for the achievement of these objectives.
Provision of transport and communications infrastructure is crucial to increasing the growth potential of every part of the Region. By improving comparative advantages of the Sub-regions, direct spatial policies can contribute substantially to the process of re-direction of migrants-flow away from the Capital city. Great attention must, therefore, be paid to the development of priority towns located in the transport corridors, to channelise the growth · in the National Capital Region . 7. The Regional Plan was preceded by the Draft Plan as provided in Section 10 of the NCR Plan ning Board Act, 1985. The Draft Regional Plan was prepared on the basis of expert studies and, with the help of extensive deliberations with the concerned Central agencies and the State Govern ments. It was approved by the Board in its meeting held on the 21st July, 1987. As per the provisions of the NCR Planning Board Act, the Draft Regional Plan was then published for inviting objections and suggestions from the public, Central and State Govrnments, local bodies and individuals on the 14th August, 1987. In all, 37 objections and suggestions on various aspects of the Plan were received. After thorough scrutiny and considera tion of the objections and suggestions, the Planning
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Committee, in two meetings on the 19th Novem ber, 1987 and the 16th December, 1987, offered its comments and observations for the consider ation of the Board. The Regional Plan 2001 has been approved by the Board on November 3, 1988 after consideration of these objections and sugges tions received as a reaction. to the Draft Plan.
The National Capital Region Planning Board Act envisages formulation of an hierarchy of Plans for the purpose of enforcement of the statutory regional plan for the NCR These plans include
. functional plans to elaborate one or more elements by the Board and sub-regional plans for the respective sub-regions by the participating States within, the framework of the Regional Plan. The Board would also cause preparation of project plans by the participating States, and also the Central Ministries within the framework of long term investment plan, broken up into five years, coinciding with the national Five Year Plan periods and annual investment plans. The projects would include comprehensive programmes aimed at induced growth, provision of infrastructure, both social and physical, employment generating activi ties etc. in the development of priority areas. The functional ,plans, sub-regional plans and project plans together shall culminate into a set of precise and time bound programmes to ensure a balanced and harmonious development of the· National
J. ' Capital Region. 9. The financing of the NCR Development Plan has attracted considerable attention in the Parliament, press and several non-official forums. Serious concern has been expressed at. the availability of meagre resources' during the 7th Plan. The concern gets1aggravated due to the fact that time shall be of great essence if any dent ha? to be made in the problems being created in Delhi and, investments made now may start yielding ' . results only after a few years. At the same time, allocation of rriajor chunk of resources during the currency of a plan, particularly in a situation ~f ' alround shortage of resources, was a very difficult proposition. It is, however, quite clear' that unless the Central I Government takes. the lead in the provision of finances, as it has done in the setting up 9f the Board and making it functional, there is little hope for the implementation of the Plan. The Central Government also should assume responsi-
1 bili1ty of providing adeq~pte power to-the priorit~i towns of the NCR, as in the case of Delhi, so that they could become alternative sourc~s 1of sub'. stantial employment generating activities. D
1
The administrative units and their areal extents . are (Fig. 1):
a) Union Territory of Delhi (1,483 sq km). b) Haryana Sub-region comprising Faridabad,
Gurgaon, Rohtak and Sonepat districts; Rewari and Bawa! tehsils of Mahendragarh district, and .Panipat tehsil of Kamal district. This accounts for 30.33% (13,413 sq km) of the area of the State.
c) Rajasthan Sub-region comprising six tehsils of Alwar district, namely, Alwar, Ramgarh, Behror, Mandawar, Kishangarh and Tijara. The area is 1.31 % (4,493 sq km) of the total area of the State.
d) Uttar Pradesh Sub-region comprises three districts namely, Meerut, Ghaziabad and Bulandshahr. About 3.68% (10,853 sq km) of the area of Uttar Pradesh is under the Region.
1.2 Constituents of the NCR
The National Capital Region covers an area of 30,242 sq km and lies between 27° 18' and 29° 29' north latitude and, 76° 09' and 78° 29' east longitude. The Region includes the Union Territory of Delhi and, parts of the States of Haryana, Rajasthan and Utter Pradesh. The physiography of the Region is characterised by the presence of the Ganga skirting it as its eastern boundary, the Yamuna traversing it north-south forming the boundary between Uttar Pradesh and Haryana, and the sand dunes and barren low hills of the Aravalli chain and its outcrops in the west, flat topped prominent and precipitous hills of the Aravalli range enclosing fertile valleys and high table lands in the south-west, and the rolling plains dominated by rainfed torrents in the south. The rest of the Region is plain with a general slope of north east to south and south-west.
1.1 Physical setting
w ~ ~ ~~lltiRcfi ~cfi1~<1i ~ ~ ~ (m-1)~~:-
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1.1~~
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NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
1
2
N R
~ NCR BOUNDARY
E::3 STATE BOUNDARY
E=3 DISTRICT BOUNDARY
E:J TEHSIL B9UNDARY
Figure-I: N C R: Constituent Areas
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a) The Ganga-Yamuna Doab: This seemingly featureless plain lacks topographic prominences and, the monotony of the physical landscape is broken at places by the river channels. The Region is covered by new alluvium (Khader) and, older alluvium (Bhangar). 'Bhangar' is found all over the 'Doab' while there are finger like extensions of 'Khader' along the main streams. Due to the presence of fertile soil, level land and canal irrigation, the area is intensively cultivated and, supports a high density of population. ·
b] Area west of Yamuna: The slope of the alluvial plains from the Siwaliks is towards the south and south west upto the Najafgarh drain, and then towards the north. North of Delhi, the old high bank of the Yamuna forms the summit level of the plain. In the extreme south of these plains are the outliers of the Aravallis which are intensely folded and eroded. One arm of the Aravallis forms a continuous range terminating in Delhi and, in between, there are only low hills to the west of Bawa! and Rewari towns. The Aravallis are quartzite rocks, with numerous ravines on the western slope, densely forested in some areas and bare in the other. North of the Aravalli extensions, · the whole tract is traversed by a number of sand ridges which mostly run north-south and, form higher prominences in the physical landscape.
1.4 Hydrology The Region in general is a part of the well
integrated drainage system of the Ganga. Almost, all streams generally follow north, south and east course concomitant with the slope of the land. The extremely gentle gradient almost all over the Region restricts the degradational activities of the streams. Wide floodplains and high banks along with silt and clay deposits are common features in the course of the Ganga and the Yamuna. The ca nal system primarily to irrigate the doab area, has been aligned between the four rivers of the area.
The main river of the alluvial plain is the Yamuna. The only major river in the extension of
Morphologically, the National Capital Region can be divided into-
a. The Ganga - Yamuna Doab, and b , Area west of Yamuna --; the alluvial plains
and extension of the Aravallis and the sandy region.
1.3 MC>rphology
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i) PopuJation: As of 1981, the Region accommodated a.total population of 191.92 lakhs in 94 urban settlements and 66 77 villages. Of the total population, as much as 36% was in the Uttar Pradesh Sub-region followed by 32% in the Delhi UT, 26% in the Haryana Sub-region and 6% in the Rajasthan Sub-region.
The urban component of the population was 91 lakhs accounting for 4 7.4% of the total population and, the rest nearly 101 lakhs lived in rural areas. The density of population in the Region was 634 persons per sq km against the all India average of 221 in 1981. Of the constituents, Delhi UT has the highest concentration of 4192 persons per sq km followed but distantly by the U.P. Sub-region with 642. In regard to male-female ratio, Delhi UT is the least balanced with 808 females for 1000 males against the Region's average of 840 and India's 934. The work force participation ratio in the Region was 28.690/owith a maximum of 31.930/oin Delhi UT in 1981.
ii) Water: The Region is endowed with adequate water resources. The main sources of surface water supply in the Region are the rivers, canals and lakes. The rivers Yarnuna and Ganga meet bulk of the water requirements. The other important rivers are the Hindon, the Kali and the Sahibi. Various canals which irrigate lands are: the Eastern and Western Yarnuna canals, the Upper Ganga canal, the Agra canal and the Jawahar Lal Nehru canal. The prominent lakes in the Region are the Siliserh, Kaduki, Badkal and Surajkund.
Ground water resource is mainly controlled by geology and precipitation in the area. 85% of the annual precipitation occurs during monsoon months. The rainfall ranges between less than 50 cm in south west to more than 75 cm in the north and north east, and about 180 cm around Delhi UT
Geologically, the quarternary alluvium is the
1.5 Resources
the Aravallis and the sandy region is the Sahibi, which flows in a south-west north-east direction. It is ephemeral and ends up in the sandy region of Haryana, but sometimes during heavy monsoons, it drains into the Najafgarh depression and joins the Yamuna. The outliers of the Aravallis also have numerous seasonal streams which erode the bare rocks giving rise to ravines, which are more on the western side. In the depressions of the rocky area, water stagnates resulting in the formation of lakes.
4
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most favourable lithology for the aquifer systems. The southern portion of the NCR has Precambrian Delhi-group of rocks and, the older alluvium increases in general from east to west. The general water table ranges between 6 to 15 metres below the ground level. Most of the borewell water comes from aquifers. However, there are two to five confined aquifer systems with great water potential. These systems go up to a depth of 230 metres and, most of the tubewells are dug into these systems. The recharge bf these systems is mainly through rivers and precipitation. The ground water quality varies from place to place depending on the local geological setting.
iii) Soil: The Region basically has alluvial soils ranging between hard clay-clayey, loam-sandy loam and sandy soils. Based on the morphological setting such as nearness to the riverine track, fertility etc, there are certain local names given to these soils viz khadar, dadar, bhur, reh, etc. There are alkaline and saline soils which occur as patches particularly near the canals.
In Alwar district of the Rajasthan Sub-region, there are three different types of soils viz, (a) loamy soil in parts of Alwar and Behror tehsils, (b) sandy soils in Tijara, Behror, Mandawar and Kishangarh tehsils - these are less fertile owing to their moisture retaining capacity and, (c) clay-loamy in low lying tracks such as beds of tanks in Ramgarh and Alwar tehsils. The Uttar Pradesh Sub-region has rich loamy soils which are very fertile. However, in Bulandshahr and Khurja region, there are certain 'usar' or sandy soils which are barren. Meerut and Ghaziabad districts are mainly covered by older alluvium with occasional alkaline efforescences. The soils very close to the rivers Yamuna and Ganga are sandy in nature. In the Haryana Sub-region, there are alluvial soils which range between totally sandy to loamy and, clayey soils. Hard clays and sandy soils are not very fertile. Hard clay soils are predominant in Gurgaon district. Sandy soils dominate in Jhajjar area. Saline encrustations and water-logging are the main problems of the area. The soils in Faridabad. Rohtak, Sonepat and Panipat tehsils are fertile sandy loams and light coloured alluvial tracts. However, these soils are deficient in nitrogen and organic matter. In Delhi UT, the soils are described as (a) 'Khader' (low lying strip along the Yamuna) a fertile silty loam) (b) 'Bangar' (old alluvium) in north western portion of Delhi - fertile soils with high moisture holding capacity (c) 'Dadar' tract (of
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v) Minerals: The mineral wealth in the Region is very limited, and is restricted to construction.
low lying areas) mainly saline and alkaline with low fertility (west of Yamuna), and (d) 'Kohi' tract (hilly) - sandy loams which are less fertile.
iv) Forests: On account of pressure of population and extensive cultivation, very little has been left of the natural vegetation. The study based on satellite imageries reveals that only 1.2% of the area of the Region is under forest cover. The forest cover is of 'tropical thorn type' ranging from open shunted forests to xerophytic bushes occurring both on plains and hills. The common tree types are acacias, khair, dhak, kikar and babul. The forest in" NCR is important more as a source of fuel and fodder than as timber.
In the Rajasthan Sub-region, the forest cover is about 4.30/o, mostly accounted by hill forests of Alwar and Behror tehsils. The forests are mainly 'dry deciduous type' with dominant tree types being Kikar and Dhak. Other tehsils have only shrub vegetation. The hill forests of Alwar and Behror have been classified as reserved and protected forests. The forest cover on the hills could be described as dense or sparse. The dense forests are confined to narrow valleys in the hills where there is sufficient supply of water. The upper areas of the hills support only thorny shrub type forests (sparse) with occasional big trees. Sariska Wild Life Sanctuary covering an area of 492 sq km is located in the dense forest of Alwar tehsil.
In the Uttar Pradesh Sub-region, forests account for only 1 % of the area. This again is due to extensive use of land for cultivation. This area has dry deciduous forests. The dominant trees are Sal, Shisam and Teak. In the drier parts, the forests are of thorny type.
The Haryana Sub-region accounts for the least amount of forest cover. Most of this forest cover is concentrated in Gurgaon district. Khair and dhak form the important tree species in the Aravalli hills. The other forest cover is mainly in the form of orchards in the plains. Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary over an area of about 117 hectares is located near Gurgaon.
In the Delhi UT, owing to low rainfall and the gravelly substratum, the upper strata of the soil do not support any dense perennial vegetation. The forest cover of 1.8% is mainly due to the forest on the ridge and other recreational areas in Delhi urban area.
6
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7.
0
material. The major mineral deposits of the Region are the China clay with a reserve of 7.54 million tonnes occurring mainly in Delhi and Gurgaon; and the quartz with a reserve of 15.32 million tonnes occurring mainly in Faridabad and Gur gaon, copper occurring in Alwar with a reserve of 0.91 million tonnes. The major mineral deposits in Alwar district are barytes, quartz, calcite, soap stone, copper, China clay and silica sand.
The annual production of all the minerals and mines in the Region in 1986 was of the order of 4. 7 lakh tonnes. The other minor mineral deposits are asbestos, China clay, felspar, fire clay, soap stone and quartz. In Uttar Pradesh, there are no notable mineral deposits. China day (kaolin), silica sand and fire clay deposits occur in Faridabad district. Gurgaon contributes silica and kaolin. Occurrence of slate deposits is reported from Rewari tehsil. Rohtak, Sonepat and Panipat areas do not have any mineral deposits of economic importance. In Delhi UT, China clay, silica and quartzite are available.
0
2.1 Delhi has been experiencing enormous growth of population since Independence. The .. partition of the Country in 194 7 brought over night nearly 5 lakh people to Delhi swelling its population size· to almost double its earlier size. Though the services were inadequate and strained beyond their capacity, the Government and the local administration sought a large number of options in the form of industries, trade activities and other economic opportunities in order to absorb the additional population to find means of livelihood. This trend emerged into an encouragement in large scale proliferation of economic activities, retail and wholesale trades, industries of all categories and informal sector activities. These acticities over years out of sheer necessity or otherwise started mushrooming all over the city, and assumed large proportions. Gradually, these economic opportunities became recognised for which all infrastructural facilities were created and encouraged by the Government/ Local Bodies to serve not only the Delhi population but also the regional needs. Since there was no discernible restriction on their expansion, the entrepreneurs made use of the opportunities to boost them into big trade and industrial establish ments which took stable and strong base in Delhi attracting more labour from the adjoining States and also from the far off places. It took years for the Government and Local Bodies to recognise the mounting pressure on the essential services of Delhi leadinq to a realisation that it would only be proper to restrict its growth, lest it would lead to explosive and unmanageable situation in the foreseeable future.
With this recognition as back as 1962, the Master Plan for Delhi recommended to divert the potential migrants to Delhi to ring towns around the Delhi UT such as Faridabad, Ballabhgarh, Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh and Ghaziabad, and also Narela in Delhi UT, creating adequate employment opportunities there with appropriate infra-
8
2.1 t<IT~ * ~ 'f1' ~ cFI' Jl.-!fi@I ~ ~ ~ mnft ! I~ 194 7 ~ t~T ct fc:P,fJR"* '31TCT"n ~~ 5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ qtf ll'Q;, ~ ftIB;ft" chl" ~ Q,"11 Q,cfi ~~~ITT 1T{I ~~ r-rcrrm ~ '31 q ;qf ca a I rrm '3n qz e:rrcrr 'f1' ~~ITT* '31TCT~ m fficfirr ~ ~ ~~111R'~W~cfn'~'cfil'~l,'4flla ~* IB'Q; ~ ZfT4"'1' * ID~, '3ETI1T, 641 q I ft cfi TTfmm"w 01'~ 01'~ ~ ~r * ~ ~ ~ -~~1~~T'cfil'~~~~~trm ~ 'f1' !.ii ffi 16 '1 ~ * cfil('Uf % ~ ql:jf~fcfl 'Jl'TCT 00 ~ qfto11ii~ wr ~ ~ cxlfCTTt, ITT' ~*~chl"~~~ 01'114'i:.llftcfi ~ * cfil ,fc:f><1141. ~ ~ qllR '41:' ~ ~I ~ ~ ~ crlff ~ ~Rclliqr ~~'3ll * q,(1 fq liiY ~ ~~ c'liTD'11 'f1' ~ ~m ~~~m{m~tll1Rtl"{~g3iTI ~ ~ ~ ~ ~'cfil' '41;;4al ~~ IB'Q; fficfirr /~ RcfiFl"T ~.,. ~ ~ cFI' JI '1 fi@I * ~ ~ ~ 3iTcf~0fr cm- ~ ?$ rn-q; m 3irm{1!,ff ~~~ 3TI\~ !.l1ffil tFl ~~ I ~ ~ qz cnW" ~~ ~~ .,- ITT * cfiRUf '3"W1:r<l'T ~ ~ ~T cflf ffi'l=f ~ ~ 641 q I ft cfi ~ ~, Ell fl I cfi >ITTl"\SoR ~ fcfi-q;, ~ ~ ~ ~ '3TR~ 3iT~~ ~rrm 01'IB-'llffi* naj ~ ~ ~'f1' 'lft ~<ffif ~~I ~ cfil 01 R cl I ;qrz.rcrr~rqr·~ gi:;~·cf)f fficfirr '3TI{ ~ R cfil 41' 'cfil' ~ 'ff'4'<f ~ ~'i=!Tff s-m I ~.=n Zffi ~'lfq ~ ~ ~ fcfi w ~ 'cfil' ~ tr fl 41 efl 1 filllT, 0f~m f.f"1c: 'lffcr'G':f ~ ~ ~'ITT~I
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POLICY ZONES
2
9
structural facilities particularly for establishment of industries and related activities. Backed with the support of the concerned State Governments, these "ring towns" grew by leaps and bounds registering much faster growth rate than the National Capital itself. Between 1951-81, Farida bad registered a growth of 774%. Gurgaon 3800/ri and Ghaziabad 56 7% against Delhi's 300%. The "ring towns" subsequently became to be known as Delhi Metropolitan Area (OMA) with Delhi as the core. They have become more and more attractive for development of industries mainly due to nearness to Delhi with marketing and other supportive facilities, and the policies of the State Governments. The development has become intensive, particularly among the major transport corridors which led to the form of ribbon development all along transport routes, lacking in adequate infrastructural facilities and also shelter.
Delhi being limited in its territorial extent and, as opposed to it, the ring towns having relatively extensive areas for expansion, the unabated pouring of migrants into Delhi brought in manifold problems in the form of congestion and inadequacy of the basic services. This was accentuated as the ring towns were developed for industries and allied activities but not with adequate residential development. During 1961- 81, the influx of migrants into Delhi was about 53000 a year which jumped to 1.23 lakhs a year during 1971-81. In addition, daily 3.06 lakh people commuted between Delhi and the OMA towns and, of which nearly 1.5 lakhs commuted to Delhi daily from the OMA towns during 1987. The green belt around Delhi of the 1962 Master Plan has slowly . vanished leading to a continuous sprawl of the metropolis engulfing the then ring towns which form the present Delhi Metropolitan Area.
The inter-action between Delhi and the adjoining towns within the Delhi Metropolitan Area has become more and more intensive increasing inter-dependence with each other. The services, both economic and social, and also job opportunities to a great extent, serve the floating population from the OMA towns and the migrants. A study of population, density, growth and the problems of services of Delhi and the towns around shows marked characteristics leading to clear identification of Delhi UT and the other towns within Delhi Metropolitan Area as two distinct zones. The areas beyond the OMA upto the NCR boundary which is pre-dominantly rural and
tr~qftqfff~cm~cm~W?~, ~ <!fu ~ D$ trif~ tr~~ ~I 1951-81 * ~ lh£1q16:!1q cm~ 774%. ¥. lJiqcm 380%~ i11f01<11cil1q cm 567%~, ~ ~· cm 300% ~ I ~ ~ ~ qf{qJf "P'R ~ +i~l··Pl{*'@:1"~~01R~,~~:~~ ~\ <ffi ~ ~: ~401.-J ~ ~ fHH4cfi Wfm\3TI 'ffrno ~ ff ti ifl 4 d I {f~ ~ fr{cfiRf cm ~*~~*~ifi~~ (jj I cfitfut it cfu:: ~ lll:!; I fcr~ltl!f ~ tr ~ <l I a I <ml mrff iti m~-m~ 'l'11FI" ~ g3fl !, m ~ lTI<ff qz .. ~ ,E;q(>t4lle" cfi w:T ~ % ~ ~ ~m{~ Wfm'1TI ~ ~ ~m'3iT "cfiT ~'qfq ! 1
~~~ ~cn1Tt~~fclq{1a qftcnff -,lTU~fcn:or{ tfu-rz ~~ ~ ~~G!f t ~TZ ~ ~ ~!.!ci1RF11· * mhr ~ f.'fCTR ~tr~ ti+iMIQ,~"ITT~; ~ ~-~ ~ ~if.·M I c!1 rfcrrm cm '311 q qf~ a 1 ~'@ %- , ~ 'fPl'Plf"Q, ~ ~ q~ ~ cFTifcf; 4 ft q ITT -;:pf{T cfiT ~~ ~~<ITTffcrr~cfifu~eft~ ~ ~ ~ m~ ~ >311e,11m<1 ~maj cfiT ~ ;nft' s'3ITI 1961-81 cfi ~ ~ ~ '111 \.! cl I ffi <l I. cfiT '111 l I +i '1 ~'B<T 53 000 ~ >lIB qr{ ~m 1911-81 ~q~ 1.23Bf'@>lfucfrfm~, ~ ~cfi'f ~ 3.06 BT'@ cxlfcra" ~ ~'tt ~ +rm-;:pf{ *-;:pf{'f *~~~%,~tr '(>1'11~ 1.5 BT'@ cxlfcra" +rm ITT "ff, ~ fcFi" 1987 ~s3fl, ~~%11962*llTITT~cm~ * "iITU ~ cm W{f w mt -mt fPTI~ m ~ i nrn1r +rm ITT * ffi'ITT" fcm:m:" ~ ct f4il rn -1 4 ft q Jf -;:pf{T, 'Jf1" fcF q J+i 1-1 ~ +rm ITT ~ ~ % , cfi1" A +i I fc'f ct cR" IB'<lT ~ I
~ +i ~H l I { ITT ~ WIB qftcrm -;:pf{f ~ ~*~41{f--lftcfi~'*'~~m~ t Bn=rct qf{a11+ifcl(c\4 ~ w~ f;rfui' q?; 7T{ ~ I ~ ~ Al +i I Gi1 ch -?rcrnt ~ cf1TWi ~ (1Cfi cfiT+f ~m* ~rtr~.rm ITT tr~ -01R
. cfffi ~ '1l"~ 3fl>fcmfi ~TBIT,'q'ct" ~ % I ~ ~ 3lrn-tmr cfi-;:pf{T cm~,~,~~ ffcrrm cm 'fPlBIT'1l"1 t '1l"v.J<R ~ ~ ~ ntT ~ ITT ~ ~ * wfri:r *-;:pf{r cfi1" ~~+rm ITT cfi '(c\'4"~ ~ fqlZ m ~~%I ~+rm ITT tr D$ rRm;ft ~ cm m-r (fen cnr ~ ~~ 1JTlftuT" ~ ~ s:11it11fl1 ch~ ff~ ~IT~'~ ~ fcfcfirn ~ t ~ m ~ ~ §fum* i ~ ~ ll ~1.-J i1 < ~ * -;:pf{T, rcritlf '(c\'4" ff ~ qzf.:!''q{ !er~~~ ~~tr~ffl aj-.,cfj ~
~ ('cf1f f<l;olfto} JFH-i@U (1981) Towns Area (sq km) Population
(1981) ~*"~~ 540.74 57,29,283 orcrr,:rr 17.00 12,637 Delhi U.A. 540.74 57,29.283
~T' 8.56 6,735 Bawana 17.00 12,637
~~ Alipur 8.56 6,735
10.00 7,145 Pooth Khurd 10.00 7,145 q ~ <11 ~ 9}- cfTT['{ 4.68 5,011 Pehladpur Bangar 4.68 5,011 fol J1 cl I ti"\ 10.90 7,389 Bijwasan 10.90 7.389 ~ 591.88 57,68,200 Total 591.88 57,68,20f
mo:~ 1fU1,'ff ~ - ~ 1981 Sources: District Census Handbook - Delhi 1981.
10
Delhi UT covers a total area of 1483 sq km of which 40% had been urbanised and, the remai ning 60% area was spread over 231 (habitated 214) rural settlements. The urban area is spread over in 6 settlements containing 57.68 lakh population of which Delhi urban agglomeration is the dominant as indicated below:
I. Delhi U.T.
relatively industrially backward recording slower growth, and depending for higher level facilities on the OMA towns, specifically Delhi, stands out as the third zone distinctly different from the other two.
The prime objective of the Regional Plan is to contain Delhi's population size within manageable limits at least by the turn of the Century. As a strategy, after evaluating various alternative scenarios for development, it has been realised and recognised that, in order to save Delhi from population explosion, it is necessary to moderate the growth in the areas around it. At the same time, " it is also recognised that any additional population in the OMA towns, excluding Delhi, will not to any extent moderate or reduce the problems of Delhi as their inter-dependence is intensive and necessarily mutual. The preliminary studies clearly concluded that economic activities with potential for large scale employment should necessarily be located outside the OMA, preferably at a distance which discourages daily interaction with Delhi. Thus, on the basis of these criteria, the zones which came out distinctly are Delhi UT, the OMA excluding Delhi UT and, the area beyond OMA within NCR, for effective application of the policies and implemen tation of proposals with a, view to achieve a mana geable Delhi and an harmoniously developed Region. 2.2 These Policy Zones are described briefly as follows (Fig. 2):
~ 'fitr ~ ITT cfil ~ ~ 1483 ~ fcFi a lTI a ~ ~ 40% cfif ~1 t1(1cfi{UI 'ITT lfl!i" ~ '3TI'{ 60% ~ #" 231 (214 'iif'ff '§"Q}ff ;arr1tcf, TfTcf ~ I ~ ~6~#"~s~~~-il'1<1@1 s7.ss ffi19 ! I ~, ~ fcFi ;fri1 Q~ITm Tl<rf t ~ ~ ~0llisilcf\ ~i1
'm+R ~!1 ~ ~ cfiT ~"@" ~~ ~· ~ 'fl '1 fi €41
cfil" q d+l I '1 !(~ * ~ ~ R<r-;fUf ~ mlff fr ~ ! I ~ ~ ~ cl cfiR,qcfi "fl"'Blq,,nff * ~ i cfi-1 * -g-!(~ m--;::ft-m * ~ ~ "lffi ~ -3TI( f<'.ft cfi I { fcf>ZfPT?:ff i fcn ~ cfil" Ji i-1 fi €41 fcl: flh l c. fr ~ * ~ Zffi (3Tiq!(<lqi i fcFi ~ -i:m=r * ~~ ~ cfil" fig~a ~ ~ 1 ~ mer-mer zrn ·'lft ~ ~ ~ ~ fcFi ~ cfil" Bl'?cfi{ ~ +l t?H l I { * ~ 1T ;,rm' lT, '3lfuftcffi ~ff~ ~ "fl1f~ f.:f?:rr~ ~eicrr qi+f m mTft ffifcFi ~ m-=q ~ f.,fu" lffi,'f t ~ (3Tiq!(<lcfi ~ "?r qr{"~ ! I >ITW-'qcfi ~~ "ff Zffi ~ ~ RcR>IT t fcFi ~ q.:fR in:: {1 Ji i 11 < ~ "fl"~~ qfffi ~ lffilfcifffi cfil" ~ +l GI 'ill { ~ * ~
~~in::~~~ aj- "ffi"llT * ~ ~ - · ~ ~ ~ cfil" G\"11ffilffil'1 cfi\ tlcF I ~ m ~
+ii q~o;g * ~m<" in::~~ JJ'ifi&11 f.:t4Grn cflG ~ ITT &i ~f.·M1 M ct mcflIB ~ ffi1Tt ii1'T -?r ~ cfil" "ffi1l cfiG ~ ITTiffcIT cfil"-~tl I 8:111 ~ * fu-q: aj ~ ~~fl"~:arrffi~t ~'&q~~' ~~~ITT*~0fcIT~+lGl'ill{ ITT~ D$ UJJ"m;:fi ~ t ~~~~~~"ff qt cfiT ~ I 2.2 ~ -;::ft-m ~m 'JlT'iT cfiT tmrl(f ro-;frir ~ 'Ji'T '{'ITT i (m'5f 2 ) :
1. ~~~~
11
~f4i~lflll~~Si61 .. PI( ~~~$ tl+frcr $ .=flffi $ ~ ~ c'I'~ <l'~ ~ ~!(T ~
lllf7iP-lliill~, ~' ~' 12ftq1011 ~ 1.fit1~1isll~ - ~~ chAJz>!cFH, ~'?'licl, iili:?15(11¢, <:§O-sffi ~ ITT" ~ i I ~ cJil' 01 ?&i{ 1=fm ~ chT ~
II. Delhi Metropolitan Area (excluding Delhi UT)
The Delhi Metropolitan Area, as envisaged comprises the controlled areas of the contiguous towns of Ghaziabad including Loni and NOIDA in Uttar Pradesh, Faridabad-Ballabgarh Complex, Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh, Kundli and the extension of Delhi ridge in Haryana, The total area of OMA
II. ~ flt!l'1~1{ ~ (~ 'ffEI' ~ cffi' Oi,\;4R)
Delhi Union Territory
Delhi Metropolitan Area Excluding Delhi
Beyond Delhi Metropolitan Area
UT TAR
Figure-2: Policy Zones
1This is based on the report of the Sub-Group on DMA constituted by the Ministry of Urban Development in 1982 for the co-ordinated development of Delhi and its peripheral areas.
0 0
..
Rest of the NCR comprising an area of 27063 sq r km, is predominantly rural in character and contains 83 urban centres and about 6046 villages. The population growth rate of towns in the NCR area beyond OMA has been generally lower than the national urban average during the last decade (1971-81).
111. Rest of NCR
excluding Delhi is about 16961 sq km (Table 2.1) and population of 8.08 lakhs in 1981 with a density of 4 7 6 persons per sq km.
12
1<11!' ~ 1982 ~!?ml~ lf5!IB<f &JCT~~ 1:!T~ qfff ~ c1i ~ P<fcfiTff ~ fu~ <Tfcm ~ ~ ~ '311-~ ('Hor-~) ch"r ftcfrt i:rt -m~ ~ I
III. ~N~~~~ ~ ~ U-if~.n,={t ~ cfiT ~ 27063 cr.f
fcfi om o f ~ fcfi ~: 1JT.ftur i ~ ~ ~'qlf 83 ~ ~ ~ Bll1PT 6046 llicf i I fr.roo q~ (1971-81) ~ mr-, ~ +i~,si~ll 'ff tit u~ U-if~ ~ ~ -l11U ~ JI '1 fi@I ~ cn't q{ D°$ ~ ~ 'ff 'ITT<!': cfi'+l" @ I
~ Wf'qlf 16961 qTf fcfiolfto (ctlR:icfil 2.1) ~ ~1981~~8.08~~~~476 mfr ~ mfr qTf fcfi om o err I
•
13
The National Capital Region had a total population of 191.92 lakhs in 1981. The Sub regions of Delhi UT, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh accommodated 32.41%, 25.74%, 5.54%, and 36.31 % of the total population respectively. Of the total population, 100.94 Jakhs (53.60%) was rural, the Sub-region-wise rural component being 49.73% in Uttar Pradesh, 36.97% in Haryana, 8.82% in Rajasthan and 4.48% in Delhi UT Sub regions. The rural population proportion of the NCR has registered a fall from 65.31 % in 1961 to 60.72% in 1971 and 52.60% in 1981. Of the 91 lakh urban population of the Region, Delhi UT had 63.40%, Uttar Pradesh 21.42%, Haryana 13.27% and the Rajasthan Sub-regions 1.91 % in 1981.
With. its metropolitan core, the Region had population density of 634 persons per sq km against the all India average of 221 in 1981. Of the constituents of the Region, Delhi had the highest density with 4192 followed but distantly by the Uttar Pradesh Sub-region with 642, the Haryana Sub-region with 368 and the Rajasthan Sub-region 238. Excluding the Delhi UT, the density of the Region was 451 in 1981.
i) Population distribution
A significant facet of Indian urbanisation has been greater concentration of population in metropolitan cities, specially in the recent years. The 12 metropolitan cities as of 1981, alone accounted for more than one-fourth of the total urban population. Even among metropolitan cities, the growth of Delhi has been unique in that, it has been constantly growing at a decadal growth rate of more than 50% since 1951. During 1971-81, Delhi registered 57% growth while Bombay (38.2%), Madras (35.3%) and Calcutta (30.8%) grew comparatively at a much slower rate.
3.1 Background.
1981 # n$" m~ ~ cn9" ~ ~ 191.92 C1TI9 m1 ~ ~ ~ ~, ~flq1a11, ~~~~~T~~#~~cn9" sfi+f~T: 32.41%, 25.75%, 5.54% ~ 36.31% ~ rnft m I ~ ~ # "ff 100.94 C1TI9 (53.60%) mifiur ~ ~ ~ ~~ lWftur ~ 49.73%~~~T, 36.97%6r{l!IOJI, 8.82% ~~~~~~*~~#4.48% m 1 ~~n$"m~ ~ cn9"lJPftur ~* ~ # "cfi.:ft" ~ iiTI" 1961 # 65.31 % "ff qilf "ITTco{ 1971 # 60.72%~ 1981 # 52.60%°{Q'~I ~ cn9" 91 C1TI9 ~~#-?r 1981 #~~~ ~ct)"~~ cn9" 63.40%, ~~~ct)" 21.42%, ~r{l!IOII cn9" 23.27% ~~'311'~cn9" 1.91% ~m,
1981 # m l-1~1.-f~,all ~ "ffimf ~ ~ cn9" ~ 'cfiT ~ 221 ct)"~~~ cn9" ~ # 634 oqfcffi- mff cflf' Fcfi o lft" o m I ~ ~ * ti€! tch'i #"fl'~ cn9" ~ 'cfiT ~ ~ ~ 4192 cx@a ~ cflf"~o +ft"o m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~T ~~ 'cfiT ~ 642 ~' ~r{l!IOII '311'~ 'cfiT ~ 368 ~ ~ ~~ 'cfiT 238 m I ~ ~~~"cfil"f.91-?cfi( 1981 #~~ctt"~'cfiT ~451 ~,
3.1 ~~
1lmf # ~l~Ucfi{Oi 'cfiT srn~iof ~ ~~ * si m .-, ~, {1. #, fcr~~ ~ -?r ~ m * cf(TI"#, ~ 'cfiT ~7if+rrq~ 11981 ~ 12 l-l~l.-flldcfil°~¥ ~-rntT~*"C!;cfi~~"f!"m~m1 l-lm.-ii1{1· #m~cn9"~#~~~p:f#~m ~ 1951 "ff~(>li11e11{ 50%-?r~-e;~m<:r~~ "ff~"<.m~i 1971-81 *mm-~cn9"~~ 57% m, ~ ~ (38.2%) ~ (35.3%) ~ cfi(>lcfi'ctl (30.8%) cn9" ~ # ~ cn9" ~ '3N~ ~qilf'<.ml
DEMOGRAPHIC PROALE 1981-2001
3 Jt~t1if@4t6)4 41Jt~I
1981-2001
c) Components of growth in Delhi UT: Of the two main components of population growth, namely, the natural growth and in-migration, the share of natural growth has been declining over years. The partition of the Country in 194 7 resulted in a large influx of population into Delhi. In addition, the attainment of Independence and the resultant need to develop Delhi as the National Capital created a huge demand for manpower and, thus, there was a tremendous influx of population into the capital.
According to the 1981 Census, there were 22,99,252 migrants in Delhi constituting about 37% of the total population. lnmigration into Delhi has been on rapid increase especially during the last two decades and, the average annual inmigration has gone up by about three times
b) Sub-regional growth trends: The consti tuent areas present varied growth trends. Delhi UT exhibited a growth rate of 53.20% followed by Rajasthan (40.79%), Haryana (29.74%) and Uttar Pradesh (28.12%) Sub-regions during 1971-81. The Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan Sub-regions have been growing faster in their population coun ts while the Haryana Sub-region had a reduction of 1.75% during 1971-81 compared to the 1961-71 rate. Growth of population in Delhi is significantly higher since Independence. During the four deca des preceding 1941, while it gained a modest total of 7 lakhs only, during the succeeding four decades, it had an addition of 52 lakh population. The decadal growth rates since 1941 were 90.18%, 52.46%, 52.91 % and 52.98'Vo respectively.
a) Total Population: Population of the NCR has swelled to 191.92 lakhs in 1981 from 140.60 lakhs in 1971 and 105.80 h ... '<hs in 1961, thus registering a growth rate of 36.48% during 1971- 81 against 32.89% during 1961-71, and the national decadal growth rate of 25% during 1971- 81. Substantial addition of population to Delhi has been the main reason for the rapid growth of the Region. In fact, the proportion of Delhi's population in the Region was only 25.11 % in 1961 which rose • to 32.4% in 1981. The net addition of population during 1971-81 was 51.33 lakhs. Of this, Delhi UT accounted for 42.11 % followed by Uttar Pradesh (29.82%), Haryana (22.3%) and Rajasthan 6.04%) Sub-regions.
ii) Growth trend of population
14
('ir) ~ w:r ~ ~ 1t ~ t ~: Ji .=i ti @I ~ * zj 1J€<T fi El ci:h ,· ~r~ !.11 ~RI ch ~ ~ ~l!.lcm.ft ~~~ii'tf~cfm"ff !.ll~fai:fi ~ cfiT fm:trT i:filf "ITT rsr E' I 194 7 ii' ~~T cli fu~ cf> qftu11~~ ~ii'~~~ ii' fillT W~, ~ ~qn" ~ ~ mf'{f ~ ~ q R: 011 ~ ~ ~ i:fiT u$ u:rr~ * ~ if ~ cfiffi ct cFct ~ 3llq~<fcfiill * ~ ;JG'[~TfcF, ~ aj.r ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~u:rr~ii' ~ i:fiT ~~~OOW<TI'I
19 1 ctJ- u1"ll1UHI cf> ~~if 22,99,252 3fT!,lq'Tffi ~ aj- fcfi ~ Ji .-J ([email protected] I i:fiT ~~ 3 7 ~~ ~I fu~~ ~ zj ·G~rq;)' cfi ~ ~ if ,3il!,lqlffi4l·~~ij'fficj~~~~~* cITCT"l" ~~~l!,lqlft.-J ~~~~:r=rr ID ~ I 1981 cfcfi ~ if '3f1cFi{ Gfi-r 22,99,252
ii) JI .:n=i &.u ~ ctr ~ co) ~ J1...jfi<sq1: u~~m-4T ~ ch9" ~
1961 ii' 105.80 ~ff~ 1971 ii' 140~60 ~ ~ 1981 * 191.92 ~ml1{1 ~~~~ ~ 1961-71 ~ 32.89% ch9" ~ ~ ~ wRT ii' 1971-Bl·ii' 36.48%"ID<!{~ 1971-81 ifrf$ q~lch9~ ~ ~ 25% ~I~ cfif ~ ij'· ~ 7lfu ~ ~ cfif fficJ ~ Q{ i:fiT j~ ~ 00 ! I clTfifcf ii' 1961 ii'~~ ii'~~~ i:fiT ~25.110/o~'JIT 1981 ii'~cR"32.4D/o'ITT1PITI 1971-81 cfi ~ ~&IT ii'~ 51.33 ffi"@ ~ I ~ff~~~~~42.li%~'31lcfi~ '3tf{~!?T (28.92%), 12ftl.llOII (22.3%) ~~ (6.04%) '3llrn ~ ~ ~ I
(~) ~l;l:flq ~ si~Rtqi: WlccF '3ll rn ~ ·~-f\rn=i-9ft;: !.li[Rt ~i % 11971-81 cf)~~ #q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 53.20% m ~ '31lcfi ~ ~ (40.79%), WZITUTT (29.74D/o)~'3tf{~!?T (28.12%) '3llrn ~ ~ Q{ '(ITT, 1961-71 ~ 9ftI ~~~ii' 1971-81 cf>~~ ~~T ~ ~ ~ "1'1<i€<-ll .)' W?: ~ 'fl' ~ ~ 6R~\011 '3ll ~ ~ ~ ii' 1.750/r) ctl" cfi1Tl' ~ I ~ ~ "1'iti€ltl ii'~ (·<hi::tctl cf)~ ff~ 3Tf~ 00 ! I 1941 ff ~ cfi "qR ~~Tcfil cf> ~ ~ ~ t1Tif ~ cR1' ~m ~ cft~ ~ ~~cfi"q'T{G~if ~ij' 52~ctl"~ ~I G~ ~ ~ 1941 ff snJr~: 90.18%, 52.46%, 52.91% ~ 52.98% 00 I
15
c) Occupational characteristics of migrants: Employment structure of migrant workers (1971) shows that tertiary sector engaged
b) Reasons for migration: The major reasons for in-migration into Delhi have been the 'employment' and consequent 'family movement'. The large inflow into Delhi in recent times can be attributed to the substantial growth of industries, especially, small scale and, expansion of trade and commerce activities. 'Employment' and 'family movement' accounted for 730,/ii of all the inmigrants in 1981 from the five adjoining States.
a) Origin of migrants: The inmigration into Delhi has been mainly from the surrounding States. The NCR States together accounted for about 71 % of the total inmigrants into Delhi: Uttar Pradesh alone accounted for 48.2% followed by Haryana (15.5%), Punjab (9.8%) and Rajasthan (7.6%) (Table 3.2). Migration to Delhi from Punjab and Haryana has declined from 11.3% to 6.4% and 16.4% to 12.9% respectively during 1961-71 and 1971-81 whereas that from Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh has increased from 49.6% to 50.1% and 1.7% to 3.1% respectively. Rajasthan maintained almost the same share of contribution of inmigrants to Delhi since 1961. In absolute terms, it is Uttar Pradesh from where maximum number of people came to Delhi. All these States have been sending increasing number of people to Delhi over the last two decades as reflected by ratio of migrants to the respective State's population and, about 40% of them are from urban areas. The proportion of flow of inmigrants to Delhi from others has also gone up from 10. 7% in 1961 to about 20% in 1981. (Fig. 3).
iii) Trend of inmigration
during this period. Among the 22,99,252 migrants in Delhi upto 1981, 12,29,745 persons, which constitute 53.48% came during 1971-81 alone. Of the net addition of population during 1961-71, proportion of inmigrants was only 37.33% and, it registered a sharp increase constituting as much as 57.07% of the additional population during 1971-81 (Table 3.1). Thus, inmigration has emerged as the main factor for the rapid growth of Delhi.
"@) ~l!,lqlfH cf; cfiR"UT: ~ if 311!.lqlfH cfi ~ mur "(IJilll(" 3ffi ~ qR011sn-cHi=i4 '~cfiT~l'iici(OJ"~I mmcfitflf<.rif ~if :,i rn q1 m q 1· * ~ ~ ~ ~ cfiT cfiRUf '3fflTIT if' ~T"l'f ~ 'ff WeJ; ~ ~ 'ffffi ~ 'm{ o'lf4"R '.3ffi q1fo1f-i:qc1, cfil~f<'hi.1141. ~ fcnmt ~I 1981 cn'l' Ji'iJIOHI ifi ~ "(lJiJI\( cFl' 'ITTm" 3ITT' q R: a 11 sn:q (Ci q "1:ffiqT{' cfi ~ H i a ( a I " cfi cfiRUT 3ffif - q-j1f cfi qr-q ~ 'ff ~ 311 !.I q I ftM 1· cFI' ~ ~ ~ cfiT 73 m=rr!(ra m I
lf) "11!,lqjift~ ~ c5qjqttlf1icfl ~~~ - 311!.lcllffi ~ ollfcRM1. ~ (lJilll( fi(iFII (1971) ff tml' ~ ~ fcF 't1"ifi ~J!,lcllffi cfi~\11f{q'j if 'ff
311!.lq1fu.:lY if ff 53.48 >!fu~ra 3l'mo 12,29,745 ~ ffi 1971-81 ifi cIT{R :3Tf1"J; I 1961 · 71 cfi ~ Ji•·H-i@I ~~if 'ff 311!.lc:Hffi<l'i cfiT ~ ~ 37 .33 >!ftr~ ~ 3J'k 1971-81 if~ fig'~ ~ 3l1t zm esrtt ~ Ji.:ifi@1 cfiT 57.07 m=rr~ m 1fllT 1 (a1fuc1,1 ·3.lJ 1 ~ m ~ cn'l' ~ cn'l' m<;r ~ cfiT ~ cfiRUf 311!.I qJ tFI @ % I
iii) ~l!,lqlfH ~ ~
cfi) ~j!,lqlfft~ cffi" ~~ - ~ if ~l!.lqlffi ~: "31 lfi 4 I fl cfi {GrlIT 'ff 3ffit ~ I ~ if U~ U\ilm-=ft ~ cfi {GRif 'ff ~ 311 !.I q I f1:i tH cfiT ·~·PPT 71 >!ftr~ 'qflT 3lT<TI I ~ ~ ~~ ff tft 48.2 >lfir~m 311!.lqJtfl ~ ~ ~ G1R tiftq1011 (15.5 ~~) ~ (9.8 ~~ra) :3tR ~ (7.6 m~) i "3-IINlffi ~ (iil~chl 3.2) 1 l 961-713ffi' 1971-81 cfi mR ~ 3th ~ftq1a11 rr 3TR crnt 311!.lq1fu,.i'r cfiT ~sfi+1~T: 11.3 ~~raff~ 6.4 ~~ra :3frr 16.4m~IBff~ 12.9>Tm~ra"ITT1fl!T~~ ~!(T 3ffi +l~ ~~T ff ·m;r cfnt 311 !.I q I ffi 41. cfiT ~sfi+1!(T: 49.6 >fm!(Brf~ 50.1 IB!(IB :mt 1. 7 m=rr!(m t ~ 3.1 ~~IB m 1fllT 1 ~ i 311!.lqlffi<-ff if~ cfiT <JlJl~H 1961 cfi ~ ·i.1·P,<Tt!:cfi~mm%1 ~~ff ~@1q1:~ ~!(TB' tft WI" -~~if ~ :3ITT" t I ~ (1°~ ~ fqm;t ~ ~!(TcfiT if~ ms4T if~~ ffi ~ t ~ fcF ~ {GrlIT cn'l' Ji 'i ti@I if ·~rn qi ffi zj'j ~ ms4T cfi ~ff Wcfic"fffi'IT % I ~ t· ~im 40 IB~IB mtt ~ ff ~ ~ I -~ ff ~ if m qffi ill!.lq1ff12n cfiT ~ 1951 ~ 10.7 >ffu~ R ~ 1981 if ~im 20 m~ m lf<.11 I (ITT 3) .
16
the highest proportion (69.17%) of all migrant workers followed by secondary (28.87%) and primary sectors (l.96%) .. Majority of the inmigrants are absorbed in petty trades, low grade production or processing activities, and in the informal sector activities serving local population. Incidentally, proportions of total workers in Delhi in different sectors too reflect roughly the same situation as for migrant workers.
~ m ~ ~ cti4\tifllll cfif ~ ~ (69.17 ~~) err aerr ~ (28.87 ~~) ~ ~~ ~ ~ (1.96 ~~) err 1 -3111,1c11ff1.tfi ~ "ff ~~ ~ me-me oq141{1, ~ ~ t '3Ni ~"1 -61'efcIT 'ITTIT~ ri ~ ~ ~ cn'l° 'flqT 'ffGf~ ~ -114illfl ch ~ ~ ffl-~ ~ ~ '1ffif ~ I ffl 1« ~~,ft' l,llfifllch ~ ~~ ~ ll' ~ 1l ~ all fcffi 4'i qif ~ -61 j41d ~ ~'q'll' crnT ~ ~ -3\ I !,I q I +ft qiffio all fcffi 41 cfif ~ I
1961-71
0 1971-BI
• PERIOD NOT KNOWN
• BEFORE 1961
<;
PUNJAB
-.~ •
'"'> j } .
(.
\ ) · . ..,-- .. \HIMACHAL 2 -, PRADESHl l, . ~· ( :">!
< . ~ UTTAR PRADESH
Flgure-3: lnmlgratlon Pattern: Delhl-1981
17
i) At the present trend of phenomenal growth rate, Delhi will have 132 lakh population by 2001 AD. Will Delhi remain manageable with this population growth trend in terms of provision of essential services ? In addition, the concentration of economic activities has resulted in soaring prices of developed land, proliferation of slums and squatter settlements, adversely affecting the quality of life.
3.2 Issues
Recognising the urban growth dynamics in the Region, projections have been made by the Office of the Registrar General of India, Census Operations, for the constituent units of the Region with urban-rural components. The growth differentials of the areas falling in the NCR and other areas of the NCR States were examined, and these differentials were then projected by which the total population and rural-urban composition of the Sub-regions were arrived at. (Table 3.3).
The Regional population is expected to grow at a decadal rate of 34.73% during 1981-2001 to reach a figure of 325 lakhs. In case of Delhi UT; an addition of 70 lakh population during this period is foreseen totalling to about 132 lakhs by 2001. The rural-urban population composition of the Region would undergo a significant change from 53:47 to 28:72 over 1981-2001.
v) Population projection
Delhi's growth is not confined to the boundaries of the Union Territory. This urban spatial expansion has spread into the surrounding areas of Uttar Pradesh and Harvana around Delhi, which along with Delhi UT constitute the Delhi Metropolitan Area (OMA). Owing to its location, the OMA excluding Delhi has exhibited growth characteristics similar to that of Delhi in recent years. In fact, while Delhi had grown only 53% during 1971-81, Faridabad-Ballabqarh, Ghaziabad and Gurgaon have grown 169.40%, 141.65% and 76.50% respectively.
iv) Delhi Metropolitan Area
3.2 W i) ~~~cm qJ+1111 Q{ff 2001 rfcfi~
cn'1"~132~m~1~ifc:Jfu cn'1" w >fciftf ff w ~ '3lrq~?Tcfi ffcrr~ ~ ~, ~, T-IB ~rrnrfcr~, ~ ITTi°l:T, <-11 cW-llli ~cfiT ITTT~ c50~ "ff!~p:r mift ~ ~filcfi~1l~ff~q'i+ft~! I~ ~cfil ~ cfil<fchctl41. cf> cJis{)qcfi(OI cfj q ft: 011 +1 fq (iii q rci chm a ~ chl ~ GJgcT ~~ ~ ~. wrr $l14r6lll ~ ~ ci!IB14l cFt ~~~c{fus{t~~m-{1R ~~'llfcf~~I
~ # ~1~(lcfi(01 chl cJfu cm lTIB cfil° «n&i1( m ~ lTI{ff ?f -iH l I 01111 ct-+r~I (M ~I ( cfil 4fo 4 ~ ~ ~ ct ~ -mi:ftur thl e.i:h ,· if ~ 'ITim Ji '1 ti @41 ~ "ffl fcfil:!: ! I t$" ~m;:ft ~ cfi ~ '3TR qffi lff:IT ~ ~ ~m;:ft ~ ct n-ixlT cfi ~~~qfu#~ch1~ch1~~~~ ~ ~~ ~ 1fC1; ~'31T rnq;t ~ ~ ~ m lJTlftul- ~ f.i&i1z;fi lfW I (i11fficfil 3.3)
1981 - 2001 cfi cITT:R 34.73 ~~m cm~~~ Q{ff~~ct325~mmcFt~t1 ~~~~ct~#~~cfi~70 ~ cm ~cfil ~ ~ cFt tr'+ITTAT i ~ 2001 "i1cl'i ~ BTr'lflT 132 ~ m ~ I lWftur ~ ~ chl ti(iHI # 1981-2001 ct ~ s3:47 ct '"31j41a ~ qftqJ11 ~ 28:72 mm cFt ~~ +1~ci:p~pfc4q~1q ~I
~ chl ~ tltf ~ ~ chl m.n-~ iTcfi m mfl:m ~ ! I ~ m-t,- fcl«rn" ~ ~~T ~ ~ft41011 ct ~-i:m, ct~~~ 1T<IT !1 ~ tltf ~~~~ct ~-'ITTf ct~# i:>Plli'll( fcrnTit ff~ +H?l•'fll( ~ (tl"o~o~o) ~ !1 ~~ct cfiRUf ~ cfil° €PI-Scfi( fcrn;ft" +1 ~ 1 •'P I ( ~ ~ Ji '1 ti @41 cJ.fir cFf cffiT fcr~~rj;" ~~wfi ! aj- fcn Ni:>!" fil ct ffi # ~ cFf tITT ! I qlffiq#~~cFt~# 1971-81 ctmr,-, ~ 53 m=a--Wn ~ ~ cfITT lhllqlcil!q ~~. i11fv:141<S11q, 1¥i1iq if wi+f~: 169.40 m=a--~nr, 141.65 ~mf ~ 76.50 ma'mi ~ ~ I
i) Population projection for Delhi UT: Under the assumptions that:
a) the natural growth rate of population with its declining trend may reach 2.0°/ri per annum
3.4 Demographic policy and population
assignments
A pragmatic approach and strategy to meet the issues appropriately to achieve the plan objectives would be to formulate a conscious policy of:
i) decelerated and restricted growth in Delhi UT;
ii) controlled moderate growth of the OMA towns excluding Delhi so that the volume and directions of growth are well coordinated; and
iii) giving impetus to the regional centres through provision of adequate infrastructure and services so that they are able not only to dissuade the potential outmigrating population but also attract and absorb the Delhi bound migrants. In fact, the Delhi Master Plan now under revision for 2001 as perspective has specified selected industrial units that are found incompatible in residential, commercial and non-industrial use zones, to be shifted from such areas within a period of five to ten years. By suitably developing industrial areas and wholesale markets ·in the towns beyond Delhi UT, it should be possible to generate additional employment opportunities in the Regional towns.
3.3 Strategies
ii) As most migrants emanate mainly from the neighbouring States, what regional development strategy would mitigate the trend of migration to Delhi ?
iii) Delhi Metropolitan Area towns around Delhi have been growing faster and, would sooner become a huge unmanageable urban agglomeration woefully short of essential services. Could this growth be regulated to relieve the pressure on Delhi's services ?
iv) To achieve a manageable Delhi and an harmoniously developed region, what is the judicious distribution of population both in urban and rural areas ?
18
3 .4 ~ -n i f€l4 c6l ;q -.:ftftt" ~ JH tt@H q;r Pi 4 d "1
i) ~~ 'fi1:I' ~ cl,T 'lWfi J\rt ti <§I.I I 31 jll I '1 ~ ~~~~~fcfi: en) .Jl.=tti@1 ~ ~1g,Rtcfi~G{"~c1mii1.=t"~
ff 1981-91 * zyr;, 2.0 ~~IB mcrcri -3iV
ii) ~ aj'ffi~T '3i I l.lcm:ft ~ ~ ff ~ ~ "ff ~ ~, ~: ~ Jlqif{ ~ ~
~~ff~~~~ch9" wftr qilf ITTlTI ?
iii)~ llQHll( ~*;pf{~*~-trn, ~~ff~~t3fu:~mc1~~ '3i~q';lOA<1 ~IB"CT ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~' ~ ;:,nq~?fcfj MT-3TI ~ ~ cn1lt ITTl"fi I w ~ ~ qi1" ~ ch9" MT-:m q"{ ~ qi1" cfill" ~ * fu~ f.i 4 Gm tcf1<lT "JiT WmIT ~?
iv) ~4::101 ?.:1117-T ~ 3fu: ~ ~fc!c1,Rrn ~ ~ ~ ffim' ~ lJflfiur ~ ~ JFH-1 €41 &iT ~~wt?
3.3 ffl .:ftftJzj
~ ~~ch9" mfu ~fu-q:~w cfil"-&cn ff "ITT'f qi""{~ ~ fu~ 641 crn IR: c1, ~ ~ITT -;:ftftr <rm m.ft fcn R Am f@a * ~ ~ ;:,nq~ ~ ffl ~~:-
i) ~~~~~qill"lffifff3ffi:~ cJfu,
ii) ~ qi1" t9l6cfi( ~ l'.f~ ~ * ;pf{f ch9" f.:t 4 Gt a ~~ lffif ff cJfu m gfu * ~ 3lR R~mt w WfiR ~ it tfcFI
iii) ~ ~ cfi1" ft~~ (1 '3ll~ ~ 3lR MT-:m cFi .::rrur+r tr ~1 ct-mf.=t ~ ~ c1 ;r ~ "fi"'mfcRr '3i I !.lcil ffi ~ qi1" ITTffi ~ ff '3i jffi I ~\'1 cf){ ~ ~ ~ '3iV '3i I cfif& a '3iV ffl ~ 31 !(:·ii fi I a qi""{ "fret I "q'ffi'fq
~, 2001 ~~w~~"fl"~rr~*~m;=r ITTffi ~ ~ ~ ~ fcmr~.- ~u 1f11 cfi ~cfil~<11· qi1" ~ fcF<IT 1PlT ~ ~ ~lcilffi<l, q1fo1frqcfi ~ itt-311mf11cfi ~ ~ f.,mfhf ~ ff ffi ~ I ~ ~ ~T ff ~'~ff~~ f.r Qt[ q~* 3l"~, ~ 3l"~ B "JiT"'1T % I ~ WfiR ITTffi ~ ~ ~ ff 11-t ~i E.l1 fl I cfi ~ -3iV ~ ~l "1T t1 ~RI 11 fucfirn~ ~ ~ ~ 0fIBR"cfn {I JP II ( * 3lcrfR ~ "cfi"(ol. "fi"'llcf m ~ I
19
ii) Population assignment-OMA: Recogni sing the potential of the OMA in relieving the population pressure of Delhi, and also the problems Delhi would face in case of over-growth of the OMA, a moderate growth for the OMA towns
during 1981-91 and 1.20/oper annum during 1991-2001, and
b) the rate of inmigration to Delhi would continue at the same rate as it would have otherwise registered during 1981-91 and, in view of the contemplated employment opportunities in the Region, a 50% fall in the rate of inmigration to Delhi during 1991- 2001 from that of the previous decade,
the population of Delhi UT would be 112 lakhs by 2001 AD of which 2 lakhs would be rural (Table 3.4, Fig. 4).
Accordingly, the rate of inmigration into Delhi will be about 84,000 per annum during 1991- 2001 as against the likely, 1. 79 lakhs during 1981- 91. This would contribute a fall of the inmigrants' share in the total decadal addition i.e. 46.32% by 2001 as against 57.07% observed during 1971-81 and the likely 59.01% during 1981-91.
(ii) Jt..:[email protected] cf;l f.:t<Hi'1 - ~ +161'141( ~: ~ qr JI '9 fi &-11 ~ ~ chT ch+l" ~ cf> IB'C!; ~ '1 i21 '9 • I { ~ ~ !fl'lf<:1T chT f41 cfi I { ~ ~ '3W 'T-1 ~:an chT ~ ~~ ~ chT m+FlT ~
1991-2001 ~ mR 1.2 mzf~IB it~!, ~
~) ~1l ~ll,lqlfH cn'l"q{cnft~aj"~~m 1981-91 ~mR~ ~w ~~rn'C!; ~ ll'T:!; {1 ,,p II { 3fcll,{T chT ~ g'C!; ~ "Gmcn'1"~1l 1991.2001 ~~~ ~ '3lR ~ I !,I q lt1'"1 cn'1" ~ ff 50 ~ffif ~ cfi+ft" ~'
~ °fi1:r ~ ~ cn'1" JFH1 &-11 2001 ~ 'ffcFi 112 ~ m ~~ff 2 ~ lJPftur JI 'i fi &-11 Nm I (i:il~chl 3.4, m-4)
i:iqjfil{ ~ 1l ~ll,lqlfH cn'1" q{ 1981-91 1l 'ff~ 1.79~cb't~1l 1991-2001 ~~ 84 ~ ~mlftl ~~G~ m1l ~ rn q I ftt 1.ff cJiT fuffir qi+f ITTcfl{ 2001 ocfi 46 .3 2 '!,tfir~rn~~' aj"fcn 1971-81 ~mR 57.07% m, ~~ 1981-91 ~mR 59.01-mf~IBm cn'1" 'ff 'q]"q,,f ! I
182•0 140
TO BE DEFLECTED!~ 130 112•0 , 112•0 120
, , , 110 , , 10.0 ,
(J) PROJECTED POPULATION: 132 LAKHS ::c 00 :.: ASSIGNED POPULATION: 112 LAKHS c( ~ •O
~ ASSUMPTIONS TO 1, Natural annual growth rate to fall z from 2.2% (1981) to 2% by 1991 0 60
;::: and to 1.2% (2001) 4 ao ~ ::, 2. Continued In-migration till 1991 and 0.. 40 0 a 50% reduction between 1991-2001 0..
80
20
10
0
1971 IHI IHI 2001
Figure-4: Delhi: Population Projection 1981-2001
0 0
iii) Population assignment beyond DMA: Any strategy to control population growth in Delhi should be prepared in consultation with the surrounding States as majority of the inmigrants to Delhi come from there. The additional population of 19 lakhs which otherwise would have moved into Delhi from these States during 1981-2001 should be deflected. towards or contained in the urban areas beyond the OMA within the National Capital Region. It is proposed to contain and accommodate this additional population in the Sub-regional areas of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Based on the urban growth trends and the projected urban population in the constituent Sub-regions by the year 2001, it is proposed to contain and accommodate respectively about 5.5 lakhs, 1.5 lakhs and 12 lakhs in the urban areas beyond the OMA of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh Sub-regions and, 1 lakh in the rural area. The projected and assigned population for the Sub-regions and OMA towns are given in Table 3.5.
around Delhi is prescribed. The population forecast on the present trend of growth places the population size of OMA excluding Delhi at 38 lakhs including 1 lakh rural population by 2001 A.O.
20
t$Tf, ~ * '3TRf-lffi, ~ ~ ~I ··PI ( ~ * IB-cJ: lf~~Rmfta-~~!1~~~~c1i ~mr-qz ~ cfi1" 01-sch( ~ ~121-1i1( ~ ~ Ji '1 ti €41 * '3lTchR" cfl ~ ~ ~ ! fcfi % lJTlftur 1 ~ Ji -1 ti @1 cfi1" fl fut RI a en& st:1; 3 8 ~ "ITTlfl" 1
iii) Jt<r1ft@U q;y f.:t<Hi.=t - ~ +hil.=t~I( ~ ~ ifm: -a-~~ ,rn1.:ii1( ~ tr qt JJ'1ti@I chT f.i ;q a .:i ~ ~ fcfim tj,- ;ftftr chT ~~ '3frn-i:m:r * ~ffm-;,r~~~~T~l!.lqlffi ~ ff W., ~ ff tt ~!I 19 ~ ~cffi aj~ aj-~~~~ 1981-2001 *cftn.:r~~ff ~'~~~~~*~~ 4~Hll( ~"fl'qt cfl ~ ~~ '31R ~ ~ -31"~ '(.TcfiT ~~I W ~Rlftcffi ~ cfi1" ~ft;q1011, ~ ~ ~ >R~T * ~ ~ ~~M~~l,~flli'l cfi"BchTm! I ~rm ~~~~~!.11R1<1i~2001cfch~rn ~ ti"~ <IT -31 j'"l l~a ~rm~* ~mr-qz ~ m=fficf fcfi<IT lf<IT ~ ~ ,:rnH t I ( ~ ff qt ~ft q I 011, ~ ~ ~ >R~T ~ rn cfl ~mt,"~~ ~~T: 5.5 "ffi1s, 1.5 ~ ~ 12 "ffi1s oq mf1 41. cfi1" ~ lJPftur ~ ~ ~ "ITT"@ ~ cfi1" ~ ~, ~ rn~~ J.J~1-1t1( ~cfl.:flTU*rn-q: ti"~~~Jl'1ti€41 a1Richl 3.5~cft~ !1
ii) Urban settlements: There are 94 urban centres with 6 in the UT of Delhi, 58 in Uttar Pradesh, 27 in Haryana and 3 in Rajasthan Sub regions. There has been a spectacular increase· from 48 to 94 in the number of urban centres during 1971-81 compared to an addition of only 4 during 1961- 71 (Map 1 ).
There are 11 Class-I urban centres including Delhi metropolis accommodating about 70% of the urban population of which Delhi Urban Area alone contains 57 lakh persons accounting for 63.45% of the entire urban population of the Region. Of the remaining, 21.44% is in Uttar Pradesh, 13.19% in Haryana and 1.92% in Rajasthan Sub-regions. Proportions of urban population in Class I to VI urban centres are 85.37%, 2.27%, 5.52%, 3.99%, 2.72% and 0.13% respectively.
Greater concentration of activities and resultant population lead to higher density in urban area. The Region had an urban density of about 6,300
i) Settlement distribution: The 191.92 lakh population of the Region (1981) is distributed over 6771 settlements - 94 urban and 6677 villages. Of the total, 220 are in Delhi UT, 2413 in Haryana, 1091 in Rajasthan and 304 7 in Uttar Pradesh Sub-
- regions. The Region has an urban-rural settlement ratio of 1:71.
The Metropolitan core of the NCR, that is Delhi, is growing fast by attracting activities and consequently population from the surrounding areas, and the sprawling development due to overspill of Delhi's population into the areas adjoi.ning it, has also gained tremendous momentum. The policy of restricting the growth of Delhi and allowing only a moderate growth of the DMA beyond Delhi, requires an evaluation of the development centres of the Region.
4.1 Background
i) iii fut <ii cfIT fmRur: W ~ ctl" 191,92 c>ll19 ~ ~ 6771 iilffi14( - 94 m- ~ 6677 ~ it tm ~!I~ ciilta<t'f-ir fl" 220 ~WT~ ~it, 2413 !2ft41011-ir, 1091 ~-if '31T\ 3047 ~ ~~T ~ rn-if ~ I W ~ it m-it-lJTlft"ur ~ cfiT ~ 1:71 !1
ii) ~iro ciil'ttt qi:~ 94 m cfisf ~ (J.t, .:iR:i ~ -1) ~ 6 ~ WT ~ !ITT[, 58 ~ ~~I 27 t?ft<.11011 ~3~~rn,r~11961-71-ir~ W cfim cfil° <!fu cfil° ¥".-fT it 1971-81 cfi zj-{R ~@ ~ ~ ~ it "1l~'q 4CJi '1 cfi '!fu ~ % "Jil° fco 48 fl" ~94"ITT~!I .
W !ITTf it~ J.ti=.\l.=tll{ 'fffur 11 ~~ ~ cJi ~@ ~ 'g, ~ ~mtr JJ.=tfi@ll cfiT ~'ql'f 70% ~ ~ !1 ~"fl"~~ ~m-a- !ITTf cfil" ~ m 57 ~ i "Jil" fco w !ITTf ctl" ~ ~im'T ~cfiT63.45%i1~~~it"f1"21.44%~ ~~T, 13.19% i=.\ft<.11011~ 1.92%~'3'trn 1l 'g I ~~ ~ rnmt ~ ncn cf? ~mtl" ~it~@ ~ ~~T: 85.37%, 2.27%, 5.52%, 3.99%, 2.72% 31tt 0.13% ! I
cfil4ccfie1141. 31tt ~ qftUIIJ.tfcl(i.i4 ~ cJi ~ 4isft4cfi{UI fl" m ~ ctl" ~ cfiT
4.1 ~~
D$ Uv;m;=ft ~ ~ 'HWl'I {) 4 cfur ~ cfil" ~ cfilt{cfie1141. cfiT ,3fi"{ ~ qfto11J.H-q(i.iq ~- lffif *~ft ~ qiT ~ '1lR "11 cfif&a ~ ~"fl"GIGOO! I W~fl"GfGfil~cfil°~* ~cfi~$ ~-irfua<.lci cfil.fi~t<:f(i.i4 '3iltt41f1 cJi rn cJi fcfcfim qiT 'ift cfiTltr lTra ~ ! I ~ "fl" .ft ~ J.tm.-PI{ ~it~ f11J.il.-<l ~ ctl" ~ ~ ~ cfil" '11 '1 ti &ll it~ cfi1 ~ ~ ch9" -;ftftr cJi qm.:r cJi ~ w ~ t ~ cfim ~ ~ ~ 3TI( ~ cfil?.lf,J.tcfi ~ cJi t(>4icfi'1 cfil" '3Ticr~"4cfi'ITT t I
SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 1981 - 2001
4 ?1 el1 ii e fft re+1 1981 - 2001
iii) Functional characteristics: An analysis of functional specialisation of urban areas of the Region shows the close relationship between population concentration and functional ~versification. Diversification in functions has been the phenomenon in the higher order towns. All the towns upto Class-III have shown greater diversification in terms of activity concentration. Industries, trade and commerce and primary activities to a lesser extent in many cases, are equally pronounced in these towns. The Class IV to VI towns had primary activities as either dominant function or equally dominant function amongst other functions in 1981 (Table 4.1).
persons per sq km in 1981. An analysis of the density pattern indicates that the process of activity and population concentration followed size and class of the towns. While the Class I cities had an average density of about 7,488, the other Class towns from II to VI had 6725, 6016, 2764, 1835 and 1260 respectively in 1981.
Urban growth has been extraordinary in the Uttar Pradesh Sub-region. The urban population increased from 10.68 lakhs in 1971 to 19.49 lakhs in 1981, thus registering a growth rate of 82.5% during 1971-81. The Haryana Sub-region also experienced a fast growth of 57.79% during 1971- 81 with a population increase of 4.41 lakhs. A growth rate of 56.63% was experienced in urban population by the Rajasthan Sub-region during 1971-81. Thus, the already highly urbanised NCR will experience faster urbanisation trend in future reaching an urbanisation level of 72% by 2001.
The trend of population growth of a town provides an insight into its latent potentials to absorb economic activities and consequent population. A study of the growth trends of the regional urban centres indicates that most of the urban centres in the Region lack dynamism in growth as they lie in the shadow of a large metropolis Despite being larger in population size, the economic base of many of them such as Meerut, Hapur, Khurja, Rohtak, Rewari, Alwar etc, is weak to sustain their natural organic growth. This fact is borne by the Census figures of 1981 which had shown that the growth rates of these towns are less than the national average.
22
iii) cfil'-4ff+icfifcr~~:- ~ ~* ~ffitt~t cfil lit ,1-1 cfi fcmrisa cfi{ 01 t fcr~~ t q(lT ~ % fcfi ~"&)chi;() ll cfi{ 01 '.3ffi cfil qf ,li cfi ~ "&l ~ '1 Ji cft ~ *1°~ % I cfiT"llf ii° ~ ~ -;:pm ii° ~!I ifmtt ~ i'fcfi "t tr~~ ii° cfil q'cfi<.>tl 4 ~ "t lfTlrn" ii° ~ ~"lill ~ Ml- ! I "3ElTlf, cx:rri:rR '.3ffi q I fa I J-4 ~ ~ +n+rITT ii° ~ tfli:rr i'fcfi m~ ~~-;:pm ii" tT+TR ~ ff "!,lcfic
mm! I ~,tum ~"t-;:pmii" 1981 ii°m~ cfi I q'cfi i.11 4 "llT "ITT >i"lj"@ "cfiT<i' ct ~ 0f~ ~ cfiT"llf ii° tf+TR ~ff~ ct~ I (al~cfil 4.1)
~~~!l~~~~lW~cfiT~ 1981 ff ·wp,lf 6300 oqfcffi >ITTr fcfi o 1ft o ~ I ~ * fcr~~ ff~ lfITT ~ ! fcfi cfilq'cfii.1141. ~ ~"&)chi;flqcfi{OI ~~~"&)~~ ~ "&l ~ 00 ! I ~ >!"~ ~ "&l ~"ffiCT cfiT ~ ~ "<.>t"lf~ 7 488 ~' fMt<r ff t9C3f ~ i'fcfi "&l ~ ~'ffin cfiT ~ 1981 ii° ~~T: 6725, 6016, 2764, 1835 ~ 1260 ~ I
"3"m ~~T "311 ~ ii° ~lW ~ ~~"DJ]" 00 ! I
~lW ~ 1971 ii° 10.68 ~ff~ 1981 ii° 19.49~ml"f<ft1 ~~ 1971-81 *~~ ~~ 82.5% m I 12ftlJIOII "311 ~ii°~ 1971-81 "&) ~ 57.790/o~ill"g~~~ 4.41 ~~ ~~ ~I 1971-81 "&1~~"311 ~ii° ~lW ~ ii° 56.63% ~~ff~~ I~~ -~fftl"~~li2<.li-!1M "ITT¥D~m~~ ii" m"txT ii" ~ mr;r ~112<.l cfi{ 01 ~ >l"cfftr "ITT1fr ;a,k 2001 ~i'fcfi~li2<.lcfi{OI cfif~72%"ITT~I
fcRft ;::i1lT ~ Ji ··H-i &-11 ~~~ff~ '"flR "&l ~ cfil4~cfii.1141. '.3fu:" ~ qfto111-1 ~ ~ c:TI"m ~ "cfi1" ~ I ,lift I a ~ ~ ~ &f+loT "&l qT"{ ii° ~ ffil(f mm % I ~ ~ffiU ~ ~ 7Ifu - !.! ~RI 4 ,· t ~ '3"fgp:r,-r t lfITT ~ ! fcfi ~ ~ t ~~T ~ffitt ~ ii° m"cfiIB ~ 1ffif~ffi>RIT cfiT '3"f'qfq !cFfffcF~~~+l"m~mt;a:i1~rn~a !1 JJ.-iti&-11 * ~ ~ * ~1q'iq m, ID1¥., ~, ~,~,~~~ff~cfif~ 0IT'tlf{" cfili JJ I { ~, "J\T ~BIT~~ m"cfiIB "cfi1" cfiT<P, '1ITT "{""@" "ftcflITT I 1981 "&l Ji '1 ti &-11 ~ ff ~ ~ c=r~ cfiT q(lT ~ ! ~ ~ ~~ITTT lf<IT ! fcfi ~ ~ ~ m"cfiIB ~ D~ ~ ff cfi+f ! I
23
ii) Secondly, the development of small urban centres and villages should be integrated in relation to priority towns to achieve the objective of balanced development of the Region. These could be achieved by developing a four tier hierarchical
i) The first strategy should be to revitalise the economy of the stagnating regional urban centres and to integrate them in a well-knit system of settlements with specific functions to encourage an orderly development of economic activities and increase their complementarity.
4.3 Strategies
iii) The rural zones of the constituent States contribute greater number of migrants to Delhi mainly for employment and services. This rural out-migration to Delhi should be checked. This requires integration of the settlement system with functional dependence and independence with appropriate services to improve their economy which will dissuade the population to move to other places.
ii) Most of the towns beyond the DMA are showing lack of dynamism and diversification in their functional character. A spatially and functionally articulated settlement system has to be evolved with purposive development of urban areas of the Region beyond DMA to meet the objective of controlling the growth of Delhi and achieving balanced development of the Region. This assumes additional importance as the study on 'migration pattern in the NCR' by the National Institute of Urban Affairs, New Delhi, clearly indicates that there is a large intra-regional migration taking place at present and, about 80% of the potential migrants within the Region would ultimately move into Delhi.
i) The extraordinary growth of Delhi is to be controlled at 112 lakh population and that of the DMA excluding Delhi l.IT to be moderated to a population size of 38 lakhs by 2001. The excess 19 lakhs of urban population of Delhi by 2001 would have to be diverted to and contained in the urban areas beyond the D MA.
With this background, the issues that emerge are:
4.2 Issues
4.3 ffl~ i) ffifl" ffl -;ftfti- f.:t~l! ~ ~ ~
!?TIRT cfi"ITTctr 0r~ chT ~'1 ma ~ ~ ~ tjf.:t 41 fJj \1 iii ft-pi)' ff ~ ~ -o:cn ¢ ~ f1I (1 I '11, ~ ~ chi 1cfi{>t I q)' i:f) sfil=I'« fcret;n:rcoT ~ ~ ~ ~ iilfuill i "O:cfi ~ cfi't ~ch N ~ I
ii) ~, ~ ~ t ~ fcri:hrn cF fu-o; ~ ~ ~ cF ~~ ~ ~ !?TIRT ~ ~ lltm c1i fcrcorn chT Q,ch\ ~\1 fc8rr "Ji'RT ~ I ~ iii ffi1 lll
iii) ~: ~J Ji l 11 { ~ Ticff '311 cfi fu"Q; -o:cn ~ "ft"&IT ~ ~ uaj cfi 1JPftur ~ "ff ~ I !,t q I tft ~ ~ ~ I ~ ctr ~ "ITT rsr <ffi 1JPftur ~ I !,tql ti '1 00 "Ji'RT ~ I ~ IB"Q; ~ ~ chT ~m ~ ~ ttljG:i 11 Ticff~ rr ~ '31"~ <J~ ch'\" f4<l::1a1 t m~ Q,cfil'!5a ~ fl, ~ ~ ~ w ~ rm-~ '6"cn ~I
4.2 w: ~~~"ff f.:t111R>t~a ~ ~m ~:- i) ~ ctr Z?,fffi~ cJfu 2001 "\'1'cfi 112 "ffi"@
ocn m1lf(f ctr~~~ titl ~ ~ cnl"ITTIB cf){~ J.J ~ l'1 ~ I { ~ ctr cJ'fu ~ '31lcfiT"{ 38 "ffi"@ocfi
f.:t <i Gia fc8rr ~ 1 ~ ctr '71 ran: Cffl 19 ~ m ~cnl"2001 (fqj~J.J\11•-PI{ ~"ffq{cll!?TIRT ~ cFI" ~ ~ ~ ~ !?mr ~ q"ITT<IT
~I
ii) ~J.J~Hll{ ~tqtt~w-.,rm~ lffif!?fhifal ~ i:hlllT,lii:h ~ ~ ~ qi"f
0f 'lTicf ~ I ~ cFi" ~ tr( f.:t tj ::i 01 t ~!?<l ctr gffl" tfu"Q; '1ITT" ~ ~ cfi fig~ \1 ~tfu"Q;~ ~ chi llT,licn ~ R ~ ~ ~ ~ fcrcorn cfiBT mrrr~~J.J~1-1~1{ ~rrqt~~cfi!?TIRT ~ ~ ~!?<l fcri:hrn "ITT I ~ ~ qi"f ~
~-0: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'lm ~~c:ic: ~~~' ~~&TU~1T"Q;U~ ~~ ~ ~ '71 I !,tql ti '1 ~ tr( "O:cfi 01"~ ~ <ffi ~ ~ <T<IT ~fcfi ~ tf+P:I" u$ ~~ ~ ~ ~M"tr( ~: ~ '711!,tqltl'1 mm~~~ ~ t ti"~ '71 I !,tql RI .q'j ~ "ff 80% ~~~ctr ~ "!,t"ll"fUf 'i:hDT I
To identify such settlements which may function as regional centres, a development hierarchy has been followed. Every settlement, depending on its size in terms of population and areal spread, location with reference to transport network, availability of social facilities and concentration of economic activities, places itself, among others in a development hierarchy within the Region. In consonance with size and rank, these centres provide higher order services to the scattered population around them.
A study on 'Settlement System in the NCR' by the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, based on computer model employed various parameters in selecting the regional centres such as revenue and development administration,
i) Regional centres
iii) Thirdly, to attract and contain the Delhi bound potential migrants to the extent of 19 lakhs, the selected regional centres would be developed on an intensified scale with conscious intervention to organise and stimulate economic activities to offer a variety in occupational structure and job opportunities. The regional centres are ide i~d in the Re~UB-51.l~ plans, ~II idenfltySub-r~egional centres, Service centres and Basic villages. -
The main centres of utmost activity concen tration in this hierarchical system are the regional centres and sub-regional centres. The service centres and basic villages are mutually dependent upon each other. The regional centres being self contained, should be capable enough to form an inter-dependent system independent to a great extent of the Delhi metropolis.
Population size 3.0 lakhs & above 0.5 to 3.0 lakhs 10000 to 50000 Less than 10000
Level of settlement 1) Regional Centres 2) Sub-Regional Centres 3) Service Centres 4) Basic Villages
system of settlements consisting of regional centres, sub-regional centres; service centres and basic villages with functionally specialised organised structure. Desirable population size and probable functions of each tier settlements will be as follows:
24
iii i mw, ~ '3TR qIB 19 ~ "fi"1irfmr ~HlqlYfilli cfi1" ~lcfif&ct cflG ~ ~ ~ll,lqlfitj cfi1" ~ * ft;rQ; ~ cf>ITT cfi ~ 1)- ~ cfiT ~cf){~~ "ff~ m Rl cf>ft1ct ~ ~ fco m ~ ~ cfil <{ch(>l I 4l cfi1" §f;\ ll1 fJi ct ~ "ff '3ffi"J, .fcn<rr ~ ~ "1 ffi I ~a fcn<rr ~ ~ ~ ~ m"lT ~ m t cfiflf q--~ cf){ ~
3lR ~ <.lJPII{ t ~ ~ m1<f fill~~ ~ t ~~ qr fcicf>R:id ~~I~ cITTIT cfiT A~ ~ ~ "chtlft ~ ~ ~ <flG'l-110, ~ A~ cfitm ~ ~ ~ 1)- ~ ~ ~ ~' "ffqf ~ ~ ~ ajq- fill
i) ~~
t!;m iii ffa lll' t A~ t ft;rQ;, ~ ~ ~ cfurr t ~ 1l° ffl qi{ tfcfi, fcrcfirn ~ cfiT ~ jfl { 01 fcn<rr lT<IT ! I ~ t ~' ~ fcnmt ~ ll I ct I ll Id ~ t ~~ 1l° WITTr, fl 11-l I fil cf> "ffqf ;an en',-~~~~ cfilllrchcnl41° *~~qr ~~~~tfcrcf>rn~1)-~~ ~!1ffl~~mt~~~ ffl ~ -lffi, en',- ~ cfi1" ~ ~ en',- ~ ~~I
cfi~c{ ~ qr ~~ ~ ~m,=r ~mw, ~t:?1-lqlcillq, ITTCT "U~ UG'f~ ~ en',- ~ ~" qr ~ '31"~ lT fcrcf>rn" cfim *
3.0~~~ 0.5 "ff 3.0 ~ 10~"ff50~ lO~"ffqilf~
q,'\- "qf{ ~ ~ Pc! cf>ffi ct ~ Fcn<:n- ~ flcfmT t ~ ~ ~' ~ ~ ~' "ffqf ~ ~ ~~ ajq- '3TI"~ m ~ ~ ffl-ffl ~re ffl en',- ~ "ff ti 'I fact 'ITT I ~ i ~ ffi"t qr qi IJ.fl ll GFH-i <!'A I ~ "fi"~ ffl f.=p:11 ft! f{g ct ITTlT:-
~~ l)~~ 2)~~~ 3)~~ 4) ~ ajq-
filTW{ ~ 1)- ~ lJ€ll" ~ ~ 3lR ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ffl-~ cfiT ~ cli~llcfi{OI "ITTllT I "ffcIT ~ ~ ~ ajq- ~~tr{~! I m1)-~mi~ ~~ITTtr~m ~ ~ ~ ~: ;anft,m ~ cfiT ~ qi{ 'ffcfi ~ ~ 1-Jm-1,1< * "cfilch't mm "ctcn ~ fill
25
The regional centres would be developed primarily to accommodate the Delhi-bound potential migrants by creating employment opportunities in secondary and tertiary sectors and, they would act as magnet-centres to attract economic activities. In order that various regional centres are planned to accommodate the excess population of Delhi, a rational distribution has to be attempted. To decide the extent to which these centres should be equipped to attarct and contain potential migrants, the Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, in a study on 'Alternative Developoment models for urban development in the NCR' evaluated the various scenarios of differential population assignments against development costs for residential, commercial, industrial, public and semi-public and community facilities, city infra-structure and provision of telecommunication facilities and, benefits assessed in terms of employment absorption potentiality of each scenario, acceptable rate of growth, standard of living and an acceptable level of linkages between Delhi and the scenario settlements. Cost efficiency ratios indicate desirability of developing all the eight Regional centres/complexes with appropriate additional population mix. Growth
l) Mee rut 2) Hapur 3) Bulandshahr 4) Khurja 5) Panipat 6) Rohtak 7) Rewari 8) Palwal 9) Al war
population size, sex ratio, literacy level, growth trends during 1951-81, participation ratio and industrial work-force, rate of migration location of various facilities such as educational, health, road and railway, water supply, power, marketing facilities, financial institutions and recreational facilities in relation to population size. A total number of 38 indicators were employed for the computer modelling. The basic model that has been used to identify relative weightages of each settlement in reference to the 38 indicators is based on composite index By taking 10% of the higher composite value obtained by any centre, regional centres have been identified Due to the proposed moderate growth of the DMA towns, Regional Centres have been identified from among the centres that rank in the development hierarchy, and are located beyond the OMA The identified regional centres by the study are: ·
~ .:fiTU cfiT mcnrn ~ ~ ~ t~ ~1!.lq1ffl4'. cfiT ~ *ftn:!: ~ ~mm mlf (IJJ'II{ ~ cfiT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ch1'4'<'H>11q1· cfiT ~lchf&a 4i"G cfi fin:!;~ .,rr{" ~cfi~lffflcfiDTI~~~~~ ~m ~ "ITTTft fcfi ~ ~ co't ;ai Rl R cft1 J1 .-i (4 @1 cfiT ~ 1 ,ii ma ql{" ~ 1 ~ fin:!; "1.=tfi«AI ct a cfi(4 ,1a fcrnrur cfiT ~ ~ m11T I <ffi R~ cfict * fin:!; fcfi ~ ~ ~ mlIT ocfl t~ ~rn q I ffi '41 cfiT
- Uq1 tfcfi1T ~ ~ I chf& a ql{" ~ ~ cfim7:r ~ ~ ~m;; ~' ~ ~ ~ mm;ft ~ ~ f4corn ct fin:!; clchf~cfi ~ ~ q-{ l'.:.% ~~ 1f ~1q1fftq, q1futfJ:4ch "11"m ~,e:i1[)1cfi ~' t11cfJ1f.:lcn ~ ~-m,fJJAcfi om fll~Ctl~cfi ~mm co't ~' m ~ ;m~w (1 ('i:H I 0fR ~ -tfqf{" ~mm * IDqm;, ~ ~ qft~~ ~ (1"1'tl{ ~~ w ~ ~ * 01"~ ~ ~ (11~, ~ c[f? ~' ~ ~ 0rl-{ ~om~~~ cs1iTo.q·)" ct~~
1) m 2) mw 3) ~~mt 4) ~ 5) 41;:ftqa 6) ~ 7) ~ 8) ~ 9) ~
~ ct fin:!;~ Ji I 4~Js1. ~ ~ ~ mcnffi ~~' ~~ cfiT ;mm, ~-1'.ffm;rr ~ om m~ ~ 1951-81 ct ~ c[f? ~ !.lct_fct:Mi, m~ ~ ~ ~lel1f11cfi ~ ~Tfcln, ~l!.lqltFI ~ Q\ om ~HIT, ~<f, ~' m, ~ ~) ~' fc(qo1-1 "Wfmm, ~~ ffil!lRT *ft ~ ~m'311 ~ ~ ~ '11"1([email protected]( cfiT ~ ~ 'i~l{J\'1 co't ~mi:t ~ cfiT 0ff~ ~ ~I ch~c{ ct~ ct fu~~ 38 fHJ!-l cf> l cfiT fmTCT ffi<IT Tf7TI" I ~ 38 t1 tj;c1 cf> 1 cfi tf:G~ ll~~~mtUr~R~cfictct~ f7;n:r ~~qi[~~ lT?:IT ~ Bfh:I"~ ~ [ch~1f-rtc:: ~) q-{ ~~ ~, ch~d'lcpa ~ct~fcl;m ~~mr~~lll:1;~ tffhr ~ ~ * 1 o rnr~n, -?r m m co't cs1 fut <fi cfiT Rffl %<IT lf<lT ~ 1 ~ cfiT £91 ?ch{ ~ iit1l··PI< ~ ct !.ltn1fcla c[f? f.:izj;io1 ct ~ ~ ~ cfiT Rmtcrr ~ ~ 1f "ff~ lf<lT ~ m ~ :aw..fsfi+T 1f '3lffi t ~R ~ Ji t11 '1 'I { ~ "ff tlZ ~ t I ~ "!,lcfiR ~~<fi'f &TU ~ ~ ~ f.p=.-ifM~a ~:
0
0
: \ The functional composition of the remaining hierarchical centres is being dealt with very briefly in this Plan since their identification and role would be spelt out .!!Uhe Sub-regional plans.
The Sub-regional centres would serve as focal points with development and, resume functions as that of Sub-divisional headquarters with corresponding facilities. In addition, they also will serve as first stage industrial ·centres with agricultural and marketing facilities. While the service centres would cater to the rural hinter-land as agro-service centres in the collection and distribution of agricultural goods and services with marketing, warehouses and cold storages, the basic villages would be developed to cater to the day-today needs of a cluster of villages with cooperatives for distribution of fertiliser, agricultural implements and also for collection of agricultural goods for marketing iri higher order centres.
Fig 5. shows the priority towns which are the regional centres and the DMA towns. ·
Sub· Regional Population (In lakhs) region Centre 1981 2001 Uttar Pradesh 1. Meerut 5.36 15.50
2. Hapur 1.02 4.50 3. Bulandshahr- 1.03 5.00 J Khurja Complex 0.67 3.00
Haryana 4. Palwal 0.47 3.00 5. Panipat 1.38 5.00 6. Rohtak 1.68 5.00 7. Rewari- 0.52 1.10
j Dharuhera- 0.75
Rajasthan Bhiwadi Complex 1.15 8. Alwar 1.47 5.00
trend and regional potentials .. of each of the selected regional centres have been assessed. The regional centres - Bulandshahr and Khurja would be developed as a complex while Rewari would be planned in relation to Dharuhera and Bhiwadi industrial townships in the form · of another complex. The Regional Centres· (priority towns) thus identified and their assigned population for 2001 AD ~re as under:
26
~mm~-q~~~~~ cf>l<tfMcf> fl(iMI * ~~ ~ ~ ~ -q tt'~ ~ fcl~i4'11 ~11"{~1 ~~*~q~ ~ *~~~-~~~~~~~q(OI~ sifr~I~~~~*~~~ * ffi ~ ffl q1{lT :aTI( ~ '1 o:gcfft <l ~&Ii Wll ~ ~ a qj~4 yfcfm~ * mer ~ m cf>:<" Wfi I ~- 01faftcffi <t. ~ ~~ fclqu1.:i ~mzjf * mer m 'iR'UT * ~Ellfllcfi ~ cl; ffi ~ 1ft qiflf
~ i .. wrr ~ ~ 1JPftur ~m * ~ ~ 1fffi * rn, ~ :aTI( fctqo[tj "ffl!IT ~ ~ ~ ~ cfil' 00~ qjf ~~~I ~ mcIT cffi" ~ 1TtcIT cfil' l1 J111 <f cfil' .,, ~< a,· cffi" ~ ~ t ~ fctcf>Rrn ~~Im mcfi "ffl!IT ~ cl; cfi1+f ~~~*fcrn"{ur~~.qif$~~ fcl 4 Oj tj cf," ~ Ft° ~tjt llffl cf," ffl qjf ffl trncfil {) tt fll fa ~ i cotTfi i
m-s -q '3TlIITT .,rm, m ~~mil, ol!IT ~ '1~1'111( ~ * -.:rtr<1' cffi" qft lf<U ~ I
~;h Gt '1 ff @Ill ('lffl§T -q) 1.~ 5.36 15.50 2. ~ . 1.02 4.50
~~- 1.03 5.00 J ifil P.l ~ cffi 0.67 3.00
4.~ 0.47 3.00 5. qr;:fttra . 1.38 5.00 6. mnifi 1.68 5.00 7. ~- 0.52 1.10 ] ~- 0.75
~ ifilP.l~cffi 1.15 8.~ 1.47 5.00
lfRcfi ~~ ~ q;)- rcicf>ffta ~ chi mtJo ~ ~ « ~ ~~ * ~~ "1'1tt&li ~iqotl cnT +J;~ictH ~ ~I cfilf ~ ~ 'fl"~ '3lTo ~ ~/cfi1~t>lcffil. q;)" fclcf>ffta ~~ qjg.:fhrn, ~ ~m~~~ tt1~ct ~ ~ 01faftcffi ~ mi-ft 1-~ lft; ~ ~ -q « ~ ~ ~ ~ Mili! <fi. ~ ~ lfflm* cfif '!_~icfi'i ~ lf<IT~I ~~ ~ ~ * !ffm ~qjf cfi1~8cm *ffl~fcrctml~~~ ftcrrtl' ~ cfil ill ~cffi * ffi ~ fcrcmf chi ~ cti{q~:Si ~ ~ ,31,ei1f)1cfi ~ * tfq'if ~ ~~l~Wfil{~mmf~lft;~~ ('3TVITT ;:rR) ·;iR 2001 {o ~ ~ ~ ~ '11 '1 ti &1 i f~P--1 ~ Rs a rn « mi-ft: ~-~
~R~
27
PRIORITY TOWNS
• D.M.A. TOWNS
Buland1hahr j 1<h-.rja Complex
Hapur GHAZIABAO II
N~IDA UTTAR PRAD
MHrut
Figure-5: Delhi Metropolitan and Priority Towns
- - - - - - -- - -- - - - - -
The rural settlement scene (66 77 settlements) is characterised by the predominance of medium size villages with 500 to 1999 persons with a stable economic base mostly of primary sector. Nearly, one-fifth of the villages have more than 2000 population of which the 5000 and above popula tion sized villages account for one-sixth. Small villages with upto 500 population are in the form of clusters and hamlets scattered all over and, account for around one-fifth of the total number of villages. The Rajasthan Sub-region · is typically characterised by smaller settlements while the Uttar Pradesh and Delhi Sub-regions do have dominance of medium sized settlements (Table 5.1). It may also be noted here that the out migration from the villages of the Haryana Sub region is minimum as compared to other Sub regions. Thus, development of rural areas will be in
i) Rural settlement system
The NCR has a vast rural expanse and majority of the population live in rural areas. As much as 95% of the geographical area of the Region is constituted by the rural area accommodating about 53% of the Region's population. The Region has agriculture as its main occupation. The Region at the same time is one of the highly urbanised zones in the Country which has become a job magnet for the rural population. The 1981 Census shows about 64% of the migration to Delhi originated from the rural areas and, most of them were from the adjoining States.
It is thus evident that development of rural areas will also partly help in achieving the Plan objectives. Development activities that would raise the incomes and diversify the economy of the rural areas would to some extent check the outmigration to urban centres in the Region and perhaps finally to Delhi Metropolis.
5.1 Background
28
i) 1JTlftur ~ Sl1JJmT
lJPfiur ~ $ ~~<[ ( 66 77 iii IBM i) cITT fcr~T1fdT <ffi % fcfi" ~ 11'~ ~ * lJTq1 cITT ~<gfil t ~ 500 ir 1999 cxlfcR, ® i ~ m~ m qr ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~m %1 ~ "fr ~'IDT 1/5 llicrr cITT "Ji"'1"~ 2000 ff~ ! ~ ff 1/5 1lTcIT cITT ~ 5000 ~ ~ ~%I 500 61.lfcffi.!.ll. cITT ~ cfTm mit ii!IB'Mi ~ ~ ~ * Wf ~ !~ zjq cfil' ~ ~ cfiT 1/5 'qflT % I ~ '31r-ITT fcr!fll:f Wf ff mit iilffii .!.l1 ff ~,l-m !, ~ ~ ~~T ~ ~ ~-rn ~ ~ cITT iii™ 41 cn'l" ~ i(alR-iqil 5.l)zm<mJ~©··fl4 !Fcn-¢~-rn cfil' ~ ~ 12ftc:11011 '3"ll-!ff::f $ 1lfcl1 ~"fr~~ cfrn' ¢1 l!,lq(~ 4'j cITT ~ ~ cfJlf i I ~: mlftur rn cfiT mm- ~rntt !ff::f * mm- cnr ~ "ITTllT I
5.1 ~~
u$ UJrm.ft· ITTcfiT lJl1frur ITT~~ s~ ! ~~~T~m+frur~~@ft%1~~ $ tj) l II~ qi ~ cfiT 95% 'qflT lJPfiur ~ % , ~ ~ ~ cfi1" ~'IDT 53% -31 t GI I cf1 mft % I ~ cfiT ~"€1'.r &1c1t11<1 ~i~m~-m~~ ~~~r$~ ~I 12£l~a rn ~"fr~~ ffl cfiT+1 cITT "ITT'IT~T $ ft;:m:
· ~rnt,- cFITT, fcr~ Wf "fr~ l:rnl•'PI{ cITT ~ ~ qffil lJPftur rncn'l" ~ *rn1::1; {I '1 l 11 { - ~ ~~~% 11981 cITT Ji•-Pl01'11 "fr~llfil~ % fcfi" ~ cITT ~ 31 I !.l cl I ft '1 cfiT ~tflT 64% mmT ~rnirt~mir~~r~i:rmmuaj $~1 .
,3J"(1": ~ ~ i Fcn- lJPftur rn * mm- ir ~ ~ $ ~~"41 cITT ~Tqi" im "ITT wmT I ~ mm- "fr lJPfiur rn ~ 3tT<l cn'1" ~ o~ ~ fcrfcr'f.fITT "fr '"fTR'rr rn o~ ~ i:rni.:i i 1 { ~ qi~ I ~ a '11 I !.l q I ft '1 cn'1" cfilft "ITT wmT I
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
5
29
Availability of health facilities in the rural areas is poor as only 36% of the villages of the Region are served by some kind of health facility. Only 53% of the. regional rural population is provided with
iv) Availability of services
a) Educational facilities Of the total 6677 inhabited rural settlements in
the Region, about 80% are provided with some kind of educational facilities. Villages of Delhi UT and the Haryana Sub-region are better served, as 88% of them are having this facility. In -terms of population coverage too, Delhi UT and the Haryana Sub-region are better served. The Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan Sub-regions have 10% of their population unserved by even basic educational facilities (Tables 5.2 & 5.3).
b) Health facilities
The NCR forms one of the most productive areas of the Country. The Region is endowed with extensive fertile land and good irrigation facilities. Of the total area, about 80% is under cultivation out of which 60% is irrigated. In case of Rajasthan Sub-region, however, only 33% of the cultivable area is irrigated. Agriculture suffers from the constraints of low operational holdings and poor operational capacity of farmers in Uttar Pradesh. Majority of land-holdings are less than one hectare per unit of holding. Animal husbandry plays an important role in supplementing the income of the rural population in the Region. The nearness of the metropolitan city of Delhi has given a great fillip to the establishment of dairies in the rural areas.
iii) Agriculture and allied activities
Though the Region consists of the best 'developed parts of the constituent States, the rural literate proportion is only marginally higher (31.05%) than that of the national average of 29.65%. The Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan Sub regions are lower in the literacy rate compared to the all India average. Among the rural population; the literacy level of the women tends to be lower than that of the males.
ii) Literacy
a way complementary to development of urban areas in the Region.
W !ITT!" rtJ- 66 7 711Pftur cil ful <.fl' "if "ff "(>l"l'r~ 80% ~ fcfim.; fcR:ft" WfiR ~ ~ "Wfmi:t ~ t I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t2flJ.J1011 "'3"tf-~ cfi 1"JTcIT ~ ~ ~m-ct ~ ~ 880/o ajqT cJil" "ll"t2" u;fcrm ITT"C{f ! I ~ Ji .-ttl@H ciit"ll"t2" ~m ~ IDltt ! W ~ t m ~ ~ ~ -~ ~ "t2fl J.J 1011· "'3"tf-!ITTI" cfil" ~ ~!I "'3W ~~T ~~'3'Cl"IITTI"~ ~*
~ 10%'cht''$~lll&l ~~'EfTm1{f'1tf!1 (HIR>ichl 5.2 ~ 5.3)
'9°) ~~~
1IT'fiw ~ ~ ~ ~m-it ~ ~~ ~ qil!" ~ I ~ ~ * ~ 36% ajqT-q- tr~.; f<ITTfl" >lc6'Tt ~~~m ! I W £ff5I" cfit°~ 53% mlftur ~ col" "ITT ffl ~ ~ "ijfcrm,t ~ ~ I ~ 'ift' t2fl <t I 011 '3ITT: ~ t=i"q ~ ~ ·* ~~ chT
11) m~
t21 t.>1 i Rh ~ !ITT!" "ffel"ccfi ~ * ~ f<:l coftrn ~ cfiT 'qfrf ~ fQ;-{ \fl" 1JPfiur ID~ cfiT '31 j q I H (31.05%) ~ '3tlffif 29.650/o"ff ~tr~~ I ~ ~~ ~ ~ '3"Cf-~ cfi'1' ID!ff«IT G{
~ ~~ cf1'l-~-if ~~11Jl1ftur '311 iil1cfl ~ ~ cf1'l- m -~'311 ~ mlff«IT ~ «R c6t ! I
iii) ~~~ffl~ ~(l'il~ ~~~*~'34Jll-.ti ~~
~~t1w~~~-1qJl1-.ti.~~~ ~~mtt~i1~~~ffWf'q"lf80% tR~m"ffi!~t 60% ~~~~~I ~ ~ '3'4"-~ -if~~-~*~ 33% mil c6t m ~ mcft' ! I "'3W ~~ *~ ~ *~m-~~cttcfiP:f~~~~m ~ Gff~'311* cfiRUf ~ ~~ maT ! I ~~T ~ -!ITTT ~~ml"~ ~"ff cfilf ! I W ~-if 1JPftur ~ ctt ~ ctt ~ -if tf~ -~ rtl" SJ6(tjtuf ~ ~I ~ ~61·-PI{ t t14\4HI ~ 1JPftur ~-if~ ctt -~ cJil" ~ ~ ~ ~I
iv) 'ffqf,aif 'clfi' ~
Availability of power has emerged as one of the
g) Power supply
The rural markets encourage interaction and, act as centres for innovation diffusion. But in the Region, the number of markets and 'hats' held in the rural areas, is practically negligible and, only 4% of the villages and about 9% of the popu lation have immediate access to such markets/ hats.
f) Markets/Hats
Only 27% of the villages and 51% of the rural population of the Region have either post or post and telegraph facility. Again, Delhi UT and the Haryana Sub-region are better served to an extent of 54% and 32% of their villages and, 73% and 56% of their populations respectively.
e) Post and telegraph facility
One of the pre-requisites for the speedy development of the rural areas, is the availability of physical linkages. As regards availability of pucca roads, the Delhi Sub-region has 97% of its villages and 99.8% of its population covered followed by the Haryana Sub-region with 92% and 96% of villages and population covered respectively. In the Region, about 35% of the villages have bus stand. The Rajasthan and UP Sub-regions lag far behind with only 16% and 26% of their villages and only 29% and 36% of their populations having direct access to this facility.
d) Accessibility
All the villages of the Region draw their domestic water needs from one source or the other. But in many villages, the supply is not organised and protected. Moreover, the supply level is also, poor in villages tapping ground water sources.
c) Drinking water supply
health facilities. In this respect too, the Haryana and Delhi UT Sub-regions are better served as 59% and 58% of their villages and about 78% and 75% of their populations are covered (Tables 5.2 & 5.3).
30
~ ~ fchct-11 ~ ~ "Wfmi:t "ITT1{f ~ I ~R_ i!.11011 '3fR ~ $ "l"J"TqT ~ TI" sfil1~T: 59% '3fR 58% 1TTcIT ~ ~ ~ $ sfil1~T: 78% '3fR 75% cfi1" 7:IB" ~~nrr{f ~ 1 (a1fc;tcfi1 5.2 '3fR 5.3)
lf) ~~~
~ ~ t t1"1ft lTtcf ~ tf"Gtm ~ ~ ~~* ctl- ffe" M ~ FcRft ~ "ff cfi(ff ~ I ~Tffq~~~~'3fR~~t1 ~ ~ l1jq 1)- ~ ~m-a-ff ~ 'qTcfil, !J
~)~
lJPfiur ~ * ITTcJ fcrcl;ra cf!" ~!ITT;a{T ~TI"~ !, ~ t\" ~~ I zj cfc6 tfffl ~ t\" ~~ cfiT ~qt,~~-~$ 97% "l"J"TqT ~ lfffl'ffl~~ 99.8%~~~~ ! I~ tf~"'qffi ~R_i!.11011 ~-~ !, ~ 92% lffq '3fR 96% ~ ~ ~ ~ i I~~ 1) ~~ 35% l']'TqT 1)- ~ Rs i I ~ ~ 1)- ~ ~~ ~$TfTq~i'3fR~~ ~R:i!.11011 ~-~cfiT~~l~'3fR'3W-~~T~-~ ~ tfto i ~ ~ sfil1~T: ~ 16% '3fR 26% l']'TqT cfi1" '3fR 290/o ~ 36% ~ cfi1" 7:IB" ~m m~ "ITT1{f ! I
s-) mq; ~ ('l"R -
~~$~27%l']'fq'cfey51%mlftur~ cfi1" mcF ~~ mcF '3fR \'l"R 'Wfcy ~ ! I <fITT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '3fR ~R: lll 011 ~-~ $ l']'TqT cFI" ~ ~ i ~ ~ sfil1~T: 54% '3fR 32% l']'TqT cfi1" c=rey 73% '3fR 56% ~ cfi1" 7:IB" 'W"m ~!1
-=q) ~-me
lJTlftur ~ q I U-ll R_qi ~ -rn cfi1" !,ll ffi I IB\'1 cfi(ff i '3fR ~ m=rrctm t ~1l' m cfi"CTI" i 1 ~
~~*~~1l'rncTI"#~~Nif cFI" ~ ol.llq~IR:ch ~TI";:prmr ! I~ 4% lTfcf ~ ~~ 9% ~ m ~ ~/Nit cfcfi m~ ~ i:rreft !1
u) ~cFI"~
ffl" '('j'ey '3W'lll ~ ~: tPPJ ~ fcrch'm' *
31
ii) As the rural settlements are spread over a wide area, often quite distant from one another, while the lower order basic facilities could be provided in each village, higher order facilities would need to be provided in service centres and basic villages. This strategy would serve the following objectives of:
- providing more specialised infrastructure
i) Most of the rural areas of the Region lack in many of the basic services like protected water supply, education, health, accessibility, power and communications. Marketing facilities are inade quate for agricultural products and distribution of agricultural inputs like fertilizer and implements. Both in terms of number of villages and population covered by basic services, the Rajasthan and UP Sub-regions lag far behind. The declining contribution of migrants to Delhi from Haryana State from 22.1% in 1961 to 16% and 12.9% during the successive two decades ending 1971 and 1981 may be due to availability of better level facilities while the increasing contribution of Uttar Pradesh at 41.7%, 49.6% and 50.1% during respective periods could be attributed to the lower level of facilities. As compared to Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, the villages in Haryana are all electrified and are connected with.pucca roads and, also have better educational facilities. Thus, there is an urgent need to provide power, roads and educational facilities in the remaining villages.
5.2 Problems and proposals
Estimates indicate that there were 18.23 lakh liveable houses as of 1981 (excluding Delhi UT) both in urban and rural areas and, the occupancy rate in 1981 was 7.34 persons. The shortage of dwelling units in the rural areas as of 1981 was 6.18 lakhs and, such huge backlog calls for a special programme of rural housing in the Region.
h) Housing
most important pre-requisites for agriculture, industrial and in turn, overall economic development. All the villages of the Delhi UT and the Haryana Sub-region have power connections, while about 83% of villages and 90% of population of the UP Sub-region, and 55% of villages and 71 % of population of the Rajashan Sub-region are provided with power connections.
~ ~ ll12fttiuf~~~~ ir ~ * "@!" ~ ~q,'l-~~tfflA"~t I ~"Rtl"~ ~ ~ QfllllOII ~-~ * "ff'm lffclT cn1" ~ * ~R m'<f t ~ ~ ~~T ~-~ * 83% 1TTcIT ~ 90% ~ en)" "fl"~~~-~ t 55% 1TTcIT ~ 71% ~ ~ ~ * rn~R ~~!1
~) '3TTcITTf ~
>11%<1;:ff ff 1:fclT ~ ~ fcfi 1981 ~ (~ "Rt1" ~ !ff;T ~ €91 ~ch{) ~m't ~ ~ zyrr ~ ~ 18.23 ffi19 m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f.rclm ~ 7 .34 cxITTfn zjt I 1981 ~ lJTmuT ~ ~ ;mqrn ~chl~ltl. ~ cfi+ft 6.18 ~ ~ I ~ ~ cfi+ft ~ 1fCT cfiG * fu1z ~ ~ ~ lJTlftuJ' ~-~ * ~ fcr~ chi ltr~J.J ~ cn0 ~ 3Tfcf~ i I
5.2 tt+H~lci; errt ~ i) ~~*~~TmmuT~~~
..i\ <?i 9Ja ~T~, ~' "1f'<l:p I RI a I,~~ tfqT{' *m ~ tfi" ~ ll I cft 'flqf:aTI r.fiT '3f'qfq i I ~ ~ ~ fcra"{ur * ~ ~ ~ Wfmi:t ~ ! I 1TTcIT cfi)" ~ -311t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ircrrct ~~ t, ~ ~ ir ~ 3ffi ~ ~~T~-~~~~~ I €ft<.t1UII ~ff~ ~ qIB ~l>1q1iftlt'f 'qil ltll1Gi'1 .iilfllrj'& ~. ffl 1961 ~ 22.lO/o 'fl',3l7ffic:ITG°~, 1971 ~ 1981 * ~ ~~T: 16% ~ 12.9% ~ Tf'llT, ~ ~ ~~r.fif.!JillGl'1 Mchlfll-1@®~~~ *~ 41.7%, 49.6% ~ 50.1% ~ I ~cfif{Uf
'§fcrm~ * ~ m ~ ~ cfil' &r CTcfi cFill" ~ cFITT \t[f tJcmfT i I ~ ~·~ ~ ~ en'\' ~ ~ 12fl lit 011 t ff'tjr lffclT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~<l~~*&RT~~fl"¥,~i~ ~ ~ ~ ijfq'~ ~ ~ !1 ~: ~ tll!;Glf1tch ~mit, ~ 'flqf~, 11.:11£.:il.-t,
• tti~Rich, -11 i1flch -31T{ ~ ~m~ ~ lJT1lTOT ~~~cfictt)"~~~~I
ii) ~~ilif«:1<.ti~lff;I'~~~~ ql" fcl:i Gfg~lfl:/;cfi-¢ ir ~~mm i ~ti~~~ ~ ~~~ Wfmi:t ~llicf ~cft'\t[T~!, ~ ~ ch'1- ~m'3ll qil' wrr ~ ~ ~ rrtm ~ ~ cli0 'ch9' '3Tlq~ ~ I ~ ;ftftr ff f.:1 ki ~ f{g a ~~11' ~ mi,-:
- ~~~m{~~zmt~.
vii) In the provision of water supply and
vi) To encourage participation of rural population in the regional development, it would be necessary to encourage rural based community voluntary organisations. Several types of community organisations in rural areas enable the people to mobilise resources for different community purposes. Such organisations help disseminate agricultural innovations and implement programmes. It should be necessary to identify such organisations and by aiding them to improve public participation.
v) It is necessary to impart vocational educa tion to the rural mass to train and equip them to participate in community development, manage ment of rural institutions and formal credit institutions. Adult education that concentrates on functional literacy and on practical training on subjects like health, nutrition and agriculture should be organised in appropriate places to ensure maximum coverage.
iv) There is a huge backlog in rural housing. 'Government through intermediate and base level housing finance institutions can provide loans and subsidies for construction and improvement of shelter with special emphasis to EWS and LIG households.
iii) The upgradation of skills of workers engaged in non-agricultural pursuits and employ ment opportunities may decisively influence the rate of outmigration from the rural areas. There fore, there is a need to undertake a programme for training rural artisans and also creating commen-
' surate employment opportunities for them.
and services such as bank, markets etc. to the isolated villages which individually may not have viable population size to support them; acting as a node in the transport system linking the smaller yillages with higher order settlements; providing an environment for marketing to which nearby rural' residents may commute to sell their goods and services and, also to find non-agricultural employment; and providing an immediate alternative for the potential out-migrants from the surrounding areas.
32
v) 1JTlftur ~cm-~ q ill Ref> ~~ fu!ftT ~ cf){.:rr ~~ ~ ~ ~ flljC:i\1:lq, ~' lJTlftuI' rW-IT* ~ ~ q ii lftcf> 73"m:- ml"* cfi ~~ ~~~~I ~~T!ftTcfiTJIT~~ffl~-~ ~' ~ ~ m ~ m<ff cfi oq1qmftq:; Jl'fu~'Cf{ ~~t~ ttjR:111 ~'Cf{~~
~~ ~ ~ ~fflTITcfilffl"qM"~ I
vi) ~ fcrq;rfi- ~ lWftur ~ co9" trn'llflm cfiT ~ ~ cfi ~ lWftur ttl ~c: I RI cf> ~ R:.u cf> rW-IT* cfiT ~(ffil~l1 clir-IT '3llq~ "ITTf1T I~ '!,l"cfiR cfi fll ~C: I ~ cf> ~ lJl1ft"crr !ITTIT ~ fflllT cfiT fcn)A ~ ~ro cfi ~ m~ ¥R ~ ~ cnm I I Q;ff WT'o'1" F'" ~~ -;,cft., ~ i Jfi.lT{ -'!,l"flR ~ ~ chi (a,'f)' cfiT. ~ ~ ~ fl E?I <I a I ~ ~I Q;ff <-1'lofff co9- ~ ~ ~ ~ fl~14cil ~ ~~ mrrr ~ ~ '3fTlf ~ ~ \i1 ,nc:1 <1 ~~I
iii) ~ri~~ cfil'i'llll ~°G&rnT~ym: ~ {lJPII{ ~ f;:to1t<1cf> ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~l!,lqlfM ~ ~ cfiT '!,I"~~~ ~I ~fl~Q, ~ C: ffi cfil {l cfi ~~ cfi ~ 'Q,cfi cfil qr~it cfiT ~~p~;~ ~ ~ ~ i1 C: j{c\4 {lJP II { -'3fcffl't ~ ~ cfiT ~ '3llq~<fcfiffi' i I .
~~~~~ -~fuot~llimcfiT ~ qi{.,r ~ ~ qi+!" ffi cfi cfiTrUT crnr ~~ ~ t<qq ffl t I utt l1im cfiT ~ atfui (fi ~ ~ mm 411114111 ~~ "~"cfi"@f~q1'fl,~, felqUj,9 cfifu"c!;qil1iq{Uj ffi~.'1fID~- 1Titi" cfi lWftur ~ ~ ffl, Wfr* cfi fu"c!: '3W ~ {!4 'II{ mi:ff ~ cfi~~ ~'~ .
~-tmf cfi ~ cfi t~ ~j!,jqjffiq"j cfiT ~~~I
33
D D
viii) 1,t' may be necessary to identify a group/ cluster of villages at the Block level for which integrated plans may be prepared on a pilot basis. The Plan should be. prepared keeping in view participation of people, voluntary organisations and public sector on a wider scale.
sanitation facilities in the rural areas, suitable low cost technology options need to be adopted.
viii) ~ 1°%0ch ti ~ 16'11 '3Tit fll q"Ji ~ <h !ff';!" q,'t 'qi •fl GI{) cJi1' ~ ffl" 1li ~ ~ TITclT clir f.;~~«f{~~ arTcf~m'TT~~ irrrFe:~ :arr~ ~ q<A ~a <.11 Ji;:i, o. m ~ ~ ~I
~m~ ~ ~ t ~ qil1 ~ qffi fl~filct ct<ti..ftc6\ fclcfit.>Ql cnl" '314··11lt ~ ~ ~~ i1
The vast hinterland of the Region lying in the area beyond OMA in the three Sub-regions, is characterised by a fairly well developed rural, as well as urban economy and, represents comparati vely some of the best areas of the respective States. The Region's economy is based on agriculture and other primary activities although significant development in industrial and commercial sectors has also taken place. Industrial centres like Meerut, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, NOIDA and Khurja in Uttar Pradesh, Alwar, Bhiwadi and Khairthal in Rajasthan and, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Panipat, Sonepat, Dharuhera and Rewari in Haryana have been playing an important role in the overall economy of the respective Sub-regions. Among the various types of industries, textile products, wood and wood products, leather and fur products, rubber, plastic, pertroleum and coal products, electric and electronic equipments are some of the industries which have grown faster in the Uttar Pradesh Sub-region, wherea:s in the Haryana Sub region, non-metallic mineral products, wood and wood products, machinery and machine tools, basic metals and alloys and, food product industries have grown faster than other industries. In the Rajasthan Sub-region, maximum number of industries are related to manufacture of food items, printing, publishing, iron and steel industries and manufacture of wood products.
Trade and commerce forms another important component of the economic base of the Region. Commercial activities are fairly developed in Meerut, Ghaziabad, Hapur, Khurja and Buland shahar in Uttar Pradesh, Alwar and Khairthal in Rajasthan and, Panipat, Rewari, Gurgaon, Sonepat and Rohtak in Haryana Sub-regions. There are several wholesale mandis in the Sub-regions dealing in commodities like food-grains, pulses,
i) Background
6.1 Region's economic base
34
i) ~~
~ +l m ··PI { !ft;!" * tft ~ !ft;!" * \ft;:r "31frn ~ ~~~fci"~~~ctl"~~ff ~ qiffl (1 lWft,Jr ~ m ;a,~ ~ om ~ !ft;!" \jITT uzj * ~~ ¥9 ;:,;m ~ "qif ~~i1~rn~;a,~~~ ~ITT~~ qr ;mmfnf ~' tm>1ifch ~iE.11f1141 ~ qlfulfJ'<.141 ~~ ~ +ifi~~fcrcnrn" g;m ~ I ~ ~~ ~ W, +11cfl··1'1{1I lllcstlq, ~~~;~~~,~~ m~ '31T{ flR:4101( ~ q:i£1qlcsjlq, 1¥~1iql, q1..flqa, tfl..flqa ~ ql{ci~s1 ~ ~E.11f11qi cf\"m ctl" m "31frn ct1- tllfl1 ;ar~ ~ +i fifq iof ~ m ! I ~ >1clil"{ cfi ~ ~ ff~' ~ ~ ~ * ~' ~ ~ Tfit cfi ~' ~' C<>IIIB:41, q¢)Ri<M ~ ~ ~' ~ ~ ~ cfi Jqqi(OI ~ ~ ~ '3"ffilT ! ITTcfiT ~ w;~ "31f!ft;i" ~ ~ ~ ff fcrcf;ra g;a,f t ~ 6R:410(1 "31f!ft;i"~:a!tll~4i~~' ~~ ~ * ~' lf~fAtr ~ lf~ir* ~' ~~,~~lsm~~~~ cf,')-~~~~ ff ~41Tflff ~~I~ "31f!ft;I".~ ~~ '3"ffllT, lsm ffi~cfi ~, ~ am ~~ ffl, ~ :am ~ '3UT1T om~ cfi~cfi~ff~!I
~ ~ qlfulRl ~!ft;!"*~ ;mm{" "qif ~ ~ +Jfifqiof ~ !1 "Jm ~~T ~ W, ~11~41<illq, ~'~~~~Tm:;~* ~ ~ '©r~ ~ fif{lHOII "31f!ITTI" ~ q1..flqa, 1¥iliq1, ~' tt1..flqa ~ ~ ~ q1fu1fJ'<.lqi ~"qifcorcITT~~! I "31frn~~~ ¥-\fus<!Ji ~~~I 00 flfwiq'i, ~l +f~fAtrl ~'~~~"qif~mfil~I
fl{4il{l am :aitfl{4illl "ffcrr-3TI ~ {lJPII{ ~ ~ff~~~~!~~ ~~T "31f!ft;I" ~
ECONOMIC PROALE 1981-2001
6 ~(i)q{€11
1981-2001
'35
ii) Economic structure
The economic structure of the last two census clearly shows the diversification from the activities of primary to secondary and tertiary sectors in the
vegetables, fruits, machinery, cloth, timber and wool.
The employment in Government and semi Government services is mainly centralised in the District towns viz. Meerut, Bulandshahr and Ghaziabad in the Uttar Pradesh Sub-region, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Rohtak and Sonepat in the Haryana Sub-region and, Alwar in the Rajasthan Sub-region. Panipat, Rewari and Bawal towns in the Haryana Sub-region, due to their population size and concentration of other economic activities, besides being tehsil and sub-divisional head quar ters, also have other local and professional activi ties. Rewari is an important Railway junction too.
The Region acts as a vast hinterland and feeder zone for Delhi's population. The concentration of resources and investments in Delhi has been apparently instrumental in dominating the economic scene of the Region attracting majority of rural-ruban migrants, after by-passing intervening smaller towns. The total journey time from Delhi to the farthest point in the Region is so short that no big centre of transportation and trading activity has developed in the Region. Thus, the Region rather than aiding or accelerating its own growth has supported the growth and prosperity of the Delhi metropolis. In this process, a great deal of mutual dependency has also developed between Delhi and the National Capital Region which is now sought to be harnessed to the advantage of each other.
The Delhi Metropolitan Area or more precisely, the towns falling in OMA, due to the advantage of their close proximity to Delhi where diseconomies and other problems of metropolitan city exist, have been attracting large number of economic activi ties in the recent years. The economy of these towns, which was mainly agricultural has swiftly become manufacturing and industrial. The magni tude of the industrial progress in these towns can be judged from the fact that in the Uttar Pradesh Sub-region, Ghaziabad alone accounted for more than 60% of the total number of registered factor ies and about 64% of the factory employment. Similarly, in the Haryana Sub-region, about 45% of the total registered factories employing more than 66% of the total workers are located in Faridabad,
~ zj' J1.:i,101.:i1 cfi'1' ~ fi(il'11 W ~ if ·m~~~~~~ml"~if qftq J-1 ~ ~ '11T<ft ft.1-fu~ ~ Wf ~ cr~mft ~I 1971 if ~RIM~~~ ~incfi( 53tlf
ir(o, ~ffiR ~ JJ1Ri9qlii:IIG; t?ftqlOtl ~~ if lhtlGlcillG, :!-?'liql, ~ ~ tt14lqa cf~ ~ '3"4"fITTf if ~, i:!ft q I U II '311~ cl; q I ;ft q a ~~~.pm if~ di:!ffiin ~ '311- '-l uE, (>fl q m cli ~~m::r;,-cli ~ Rt ft cffi ~ JI .:nhgq I cli ~ ~ ~~ ~ cfil<-fcfitnlql· cl; cfisft4cfi(OI cl; ~~~~ol(lqtfl~cfi~'fft~I ~ '-1!1eti'!uf~~ 'ffr~I
~ ~ "C1;cfi ~~ ,,~ ~· ~ ~ cfil' ~$~ "~~"cfi~if 'cfil<(qi\ITT~I ~ if tlm'~ '3lR f.fctm CHI" cfisft q cfi< a, w ~ * ~qfls~ if~~~~~t;r~~ !~WRcJiRUIBffi~~im~~~~ lWftur, ~'111!.lctlfft<-fft~~~CHJ"~ 00 ~I~~ W ~ cfi ~ ~'(icfi CHI"~ 'qT?IT ~ ~ ~ ~ fcn w ~ if fcITT:fl" '4t q1ct1 qla ~ oll I q I ft cfi cfi I {ch (>t I 4 $ ~ ~ CHI" fcrcfirn '1efi g'111 ~ I ~: W ~ ~ ffl fcrcfirn 'cfi1" tlt21qctl ~ ~~ ~ cfi9" m ~ ll ~I .:p1 ( ~ ~ cfiT ~ '1l'lt eyfu 'cfi1" ~ i I W 1mfiZIT if ~ -3T1"{ ~ ~~ ~ t ~ q1{tt1ftcfi t;r~ m w ~cfiRict ~ ~ ~ ~ 4l(fllftcfi fil'q' cfi ~ ~ ~ \TfR ~ mT~T cFl° ~~I
~ '-161'1'1( ~ ~~ ~ ~: ~ '-161'1'1{ ~cfi~~cmt..prr, ~~'11'AT ~ fp-ftqa1 t qif'{1JT, ~ if it61.:ii1< t ~ ~'q' ~ ~~ fl ll MI~ m cfi cfiTroT 'ITTin' 'ITT cfi cf"IT if i:i:cn ~ ~ if ~ chi lJ'cfi(>t I cff 'cfi1" '11'AT '3TI{ '1llcfif&a ~~~ I ~~cFl"~~I m~~ Wf ~~tr{ '11Tmfta" ~' ~ ~ Rlf.illfol ¢[~
~e.f)f11ch ~ if qftqffict fil rrt i I~~~ 01le:nf11cfi ~ "2fi qfto11ii CHI" ~ W cf~<l' ~ ~ ~ 'f1cfictT ~ fcn '3m ~~T '311~ if ~ i 11~ 41 ci!IG if m '311~ ~ ~ qJfl~a tlicR:ft<-il cfi 60 m=a-~ra ~ ~ t'.tcR.ftqj ~ '3ITT. ~ ~ ~ &I i1ffi ·fl ifi ~~ 64 m~ra 'chT ~ ll JI l 11 < m'CQ ~ 1 ~ ~ 5ft41011 '311 ~if~ qJflgia qiq:eft<i)' CHJ"'ffl1"1lr 45 >lfff~ ~ ~ cfilll llld t 66 >l'ra~ ~ ~ cfil+l 'II( ~ ~ ~' ~ lhllGIGIIG if~~I
36
1951 1961
LJ Other•
Other Services
CJ Trade and Commerce
Manufacturing and ProceHlng
Occupational Category
Legend
Flgure-6: Functional Shift: Delhi 1951-81 1981 1971
Region. Agriculture labourers and cultivators together formed about 43% of the workforce in 1971 which declined to about 37% in 1981. The primary sector, leaving aside' Delhi Union Territory, in the three Sub-regions, however, still dominates the scene. The diversification and intensification of secondary and tertiary sectors has also occurred in the urban economic structure of the Region though it has not made any percep tible change in the overall structure. The workforce in activities relating to construction, trade and commerce, manufacturing other than household industries, transport, storage and communication, ~ forestry, fishing and other activities showed a little variance from 93.4% in 1971 to 92.6% in 1981.
In the last three decades preceding 1981, Delhi has experienced a significant functional shift in its economic structure in favour of manufacturing and processing activities. In 1951, only 17% of the workforce was employed in this sector which increased to more than 29% in 1981. This happened mainly at the expense of service sector which declined from 43.7% in 1951 to 31.4% in 1981. There has been no change in the trade and commerce sector, which has uniformly remained around 20-22% (Fig. 6).
~qif ~'q"lf 43 ~ffif ~, m 1981 ~~ 37 ~ffif ID lTl 1 ~ efr;ff ~rn~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cfi1" ~ ~ m~ ~ ;arm m ~ i I ffi ~ ?ti" ~ ~ ti{iMI ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~fcrfcr~'3ITT:~1fl"~~m{>tifco~ "fl'1flI ti {'cl "1 I ~ ~~~qfffi qft:q ff"1 :·~;arr ~I~ ffl, oQTIIT{ '3TI'{ cil\111-¥4., ~ .. ff ~ Pc! P-i +l fo I , 41 a 14 lct , 1i a .s I { a I '3ITT: "fr€IT{", cf'i=I" ~' lfft<f ~ '3ITT: ~ cfil<fco{>tl41. ~ '{>t'1ft ~ n~ 1971 '1i93.4~mrt~cfi1&1fl 1981 ~92.6 ~ffif cfiT ~ .m ii!Gt>llcl' g;an' ~ I
19s1 "ff mt~ e:~~~?tl" ~ ti{i:1"11 ~ Pcl~'ifol ;aft{" -m:rr~ ~ ~ ~ · 'ii:Rq'!_Of cfillliMcfi aicrn1c1 ~~ 11951 ~~ 17 ~mr ~ ~ ffi m.~ wtt ~ ~ m 1981 ~ ~ 29 ~ffif ID~ I "ll1! ~ ~"ff "flqT ffl ctl" ~tfCg3Tfm 1951 ~ 43.nrftrmrt~ 1981
· ~ 31.4 ~ffif ID' Tf<IT I~ '3lR c11fo1Rrl1 cfi ffl~ m q Rc1 d"1 .:i-tr 8;a:rr ';jf)" m ~ m ~'q"lf 20-22 ~mr m ~ 1 (m-6)
37
Forecast of employment is difficult in case of DMA towns since spurt in activities and rapid population growth have been only a recent phenomenon in this area. However, taking clue from the trends exhibited by these towns in terms of nature and concentration of activities in the recent years, the likely employment structure by 2001 has been worked out (Table 6.2). Emphasis has been to derive location specific economic stru cture. The assumptions made in the forecast are:
iii) Delhi Metropolitan Area
The trend in the functional shift in favour of manufacturing and processing acivities over 1951- 81 shows that Delhi is likely to have much higher workforce in the industrial sector by 2001. With a view to achieve a more balanced economic base by moderating the tendency of growth of employment in industrial activities, employment in manufacturing activities in Delhi is likely to remain around the present share of 29%. In order to revert to a balance in its functional characteristic, the workforce in trade and commerce and other services is estimated to remain at 22% and 31.50% respectively. The participation rate in Delhi is likely to increase to 35% by 2001 as against 32.20% in 1981 (Table 6.1).
ii) Delhi UT
The basic character of the regional economy of the National Capital Region would become more diversified in future. The fact that more than 70% of the population would be living in urban areas by 2001, would entail the creation of more jobs ir.i non-agricultural occupations than at present. For this purpose, there should not only be creation of additional economic activities in the existing and new centres outside urban Delhi, but also development of agro-based industries in the rural areas in order to support urbanisation and to stabilise the rural economy.
In the wake of intensified employment opportunities, the participation rate in the Region is likely to be around 31 %-33% by 2001 as against 28.69% in 1981. The urban participation rate is expected to increase to 33%-35% as against 30.38% in 1981.
i) Region
6.2 Future occupational structure
~*i!21'1ll( ~cfj~cfl~lT{1Jllll( *~ cFI' ~ ~ &.1 c1, on ~ chfcR i cFllfcfi Jj '"' ti @-11 lT mer ~ '3ftt lITTffm'~ -.r ~~ cil ¢1 tj a w ~ lT ~~mc,m~~t, ~m*q~lT~ cf) cfisftcfi{OI '3ftt rni ~ cfl ~~ ~ ~ •1•f{T ~ ~. ~ J.1tJfulfl. * mmt q-{ 2001 cfcfl ch9" tl"mfcro {lJllll( tt(iHl €tllr{cFl'11{! (a1fc:1cfil 6.2) I wmr ID"Q'~ ~ fi <ii'"'' rn ~ q-{' m ~~ Tf4T % 1 'qfcr'Gl:f cFI' ~ cfiT m~ f.1+""1fc:1f<sa ~:-
i) ~
~ \1'1f~ ~ qft ~ '31"~~ ~ ~ W ~ ~ ~ fcffcr~ '3l"T ~· 1 W c=rv:r cfil" lii:i:~'"'~< m ~ fcn 2001 cfcf) mtr ~~ 10 mr~m "fl" ~ ~ ~ ~ rn IDlfl" 11"{ -~ &l q ff I <fl' ~ q ffli I '1 "fl" ~ cfll+f ~m cfl ~ cfil" ~ ~ qft 3Tfq~~ IDlfl" I w ~~<l * IB~., ~ ~mtt ~ cfl ™ clcfi11'1 ~ ~ cF'ITT ~ ~RlRcffi ~cfiT~~~~~ q-{ '31"tqrfto ~cfif ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~I eH~lch{ 01 cfil" "H"ITTn ~ tfcfl '3ftt ~ '31"~ cfil" ti g~ \"1 cfi{ tfcfl I
{1J1i11< t ~ ~ ~ * m w ~ cFI' tffi~ ~ 1981 f 28.69 mr~m cFI' ~ lT 2001 cfcf)~'lpf 31 "fl" 33 mc,~mm~~tf'qfcRf t, ~mtt ~'+IWIBT ~ 1981 ~ 30.38 mc,~m * ~chi cil <>i 33 "fl" 35 m!"~ra 'ITT ~ cFI' '31"TW % I
ii) ~ 'fi-q ~ ~
1951-81 lT Rl~i1fo1 (~cRl'ft:.T) '3ftt tim~ (Ml~f~ll )ch9-~ch9"'3TI't cfil4T~cfi qf{qJ-1 "fl" tfITT 'cfffi1T ~ fcfi ~ ~ 2001 cfcfl (jjie.tlf11cfi ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~mm -wtt m ~ ft'qfcRf i, ~fh.11[)1cfi ~ {IJi i11< ~ ch9" ~ cfil" f.PiG!a cR ~ fi1,fua ~ m~ mfu" * ft;r~ ~ ~ fc1 R i1 fo I ri ~ ~ ffi'llT cFI' ~ 2 9 mr~ra cfl 311 ff q l ff cfcfl mfl:IB "{'@ ~ q,')- 3Ticf~~ % ctit4T,licfi ~zjr ~ ~ ~ m ct~ ~ ~ c11fo1f,;qc1, ~ ~ ~ ~zjr ~ ~~T: 22% ~ 31.5% cfiPfnf ~ cfl "{~ cfiT
~ !1 ~ lT tffi~ ~ 1981 ~ 32.20 mfffil' cfl ~cfil cil <>i ~ 2001 "fl" 35 mr~m 'ITT~ ~ft~~ (a1R1c1,1 6.1)
6.2 'qfcfi 6qjqfti~c6 tt{f.1"11
An examination of the economic structure of the various segments of the Region based on the estimates of the per capita State Domestic Products, reveals that during 1984-85, Delhi with a
6.3 Delhi in Region's economy
In the context of the policy of deflecting urban population from Delhi to the priority towns beyond the OMA, it is proposed to develop such activities that are appropriate to the location of priority towns, having due regard to their potential and the growth process that has already set in. It is expected that with positive incentives, such activities shall continue to thrive to provide greater employment opportunities. In view of the fact that the manufacturing activities have greater multiplier effect on the expansion of employment opportunities than employment in other sectors, base-oriented projections such as 'highly industrialised', 'moderately industrialised' and 'less industrialised' have been made. In addition to the past trend, the assigned population sizes of the towns, their participation rates and likely occupation structure have been taken into account to arrive at the workforce in each occupation. For each town, all India average proportions of workers in towns of similar size and character have been taken into consideration for the purposes of assignment of workforce in different occupations (Table 6.3).
iv) Priority towns
a) Owing to the location of the OMA towns adjacent to Delhi, the OMA towns· would attract economic activities at a greater scale and hence, the participation rate would be much higher in 2001 than in 1981.
b) These towns initially having specially been planned for industrial development, would continue to generate employment opportu nities in industries. However, with a view to restricting the population· increas~ to a moderate scale, controlled growth of indus tries would be permitted in the OMA towns.
c) All these towns having crossed the initial stage and entered the take-off stage of physical development, would have the potential for employment opportunities in construction, trade and commerce and transport activities.
38
ITTff ~ "{Gi"lf ~ ~ * !,llcfcfi(>\11° qr · '3l"Tmfti:r ~ ~ t ~ rn cn'l' ~ tt(il 11 t ~~ fr zrn w -=qc;J"ctT ~ fcfi" q JJ.J 11 ~ qr 1984-85tmr,,mm-cn'l'ITTff~~4191 ~o
mm-J.JQl1ll( ~'?t'tft~;pmctl'-3nt~ ctl' ~-rntt ~ 'cfi1" ~ ~ * tfG"'if ~ zrn >ffifTq ~ fcfi" m ~ ~ cfiT ~ c:fiffict ~ ~aj-~~rctl'~t~g,z~ "ITTI ~ ~~ ~ ~ !fflfdT ~~fr tft-mtr ~ ~cfiT ~~ nil~ I~ 011~1Tctl' 'Jf1"ITT ~ fcl;- ~ ~lffilQ11' * &RT, ~ ~ {lJ!lll(t~~~"cn\~l~"ct"~cfiT &(A'~ '(<scl ~~ {lJllll( * ~ cfiT ~ ~ ~f.:tJ.Jfu1 ~ cfiT ~-;:;q- rn ~ {l11Pl0I( ctl' t'Bfq,'j'T* ctl' ~~~TIT~~~ mm t ~ ~iE.11iA~ct, m+rr-;:;q- ~iE.11iA~ct ~ cfilf ~iE.lllA~ct-~01Tm('~~m-~~~I~ ~ ~ t ~cffi" m=itcn 61.1 q fl Ill ctl' ~ ~ cfiT w WTR t IB'Q''1lfnctl' ~ ~' ~ 'fffi'~~~~~ 61.lqfllll tt(il11 cfiT ~ nfil l'fllT ~ I m=itcn ~ t ft>r'Q' ~ 61.1 q fl I 41. ~ ~ ~ITTn * f.,~ ~ ~ 53)-uft *;,rm~~ 0lTcfiT'(' cf 61.11 q fl I f°4 cfi tt ( ii 11 ~ lll\~ ~~ t qf{ ~ ~ ~ ~m cfiT 01Tm(' lfRT l'fllT ~ (ct I~ cfil 6.3) I · .
6.3 ~ ~ '3l~ ~ ftrffit
·iv) ~ifl'R
Tf)
<9)
~ srn1,·PI( ~ t .-fll"r mm- t ~ ~ ~ t cfiT"("Uf ~ cfil <.fcfi(>II q"'j' cfiT ~~qr ~lcfif&d cfitir~ ~fl~~ 1981 ctl' ~ ~ 2001 ~ 'fffi'~ ~ ~ ~ ~I ~'it ~ fcl'~~ ffi fr ~i E.11 fl I cfi fcrcfiffi t ffi'Q' ~ Tf'Q' ~ .-fll"r "3mTIT ~ ~}ip 11 ( t ~ ~ cn& m1 ~ 11Htt@H ~ ~ cfiT fl I J.l I ;:;q & 'ffcfi ~ '('~ t ~ ~ J.lQHll( ~t'1lfCT~"3mT!Tctl'~48rn ~ ctl' t<ft ~RI cft" ~ I ~ ctl' ITTm"cfi ~* 'cfi1' m cfi\ m ~ ~ * "q'(!JJ" ~~'ITT~~ ti"~ '1lfCT ~ mfor ffl, o1:f]"q1'(', q I fa I JC4 ~ lllctllll\1 ctl' ~ ~ {l11PII( t ~. ~~mffm1
39
I
I
In Delhi, the employment in the Government offices and Public Sector Undertakings has been increasing fast. The setting up of a large number of foreign embassies, foreign missions, research and cultural organisations has also had its distinct impact on the growth of the city. The employment in the various types of the Government and Quasi Government offices has been constantly increasing ever since 1921. The employment in Public Sector undertakings can be divided under four major categories, viz employment in Central Govern ment offices, Quasi-Government undertakings, Delhi Administration and Local Bodies.
a) The employment in Central Government offices which was only 8,000 in 1921 grew to 2.30 lakhs in 1985. During 1941 to 1985, more than two lakh new jobs have been added in this sector (Table 6.4 Fig.7). The planned attempts to shift certain offices outside Delhi, have not made any dent in the situation.
b) The employment in Government under takings was only 6,000 in 1961 which leaped to 1.41 lakhs in 1981, adding nearly 1.35 lakh persons in just two decades. In the decade
i) Growth trends
A. Government and Public Sector offices
per capita income of Rs. 4191 at current prices tops among all the States and Union Territories of the Country let alone the NCR States (Haryana - Rs. 3296, Rajasthan - Rs. 1838 and Uttar Pradesh - Rs. 1764).
Delhi, with its well developed linkages with the rest of India, serves as the main intrepot of Northern India. The Region, thus, depends on Delhi for the movement of goods. There exist strong linkages and interdependency of Delhi with the Region. Delhi, besides being a distributive centre, is also a big consumption centre which is drawing in commodities from the surrounding rural and urban areas and, distributing commodities and industrial goods among them. The quantum and the range of goods produced in the Region are largely deter mined by the requirements of the markets in Delhi.
The three main important economic generators which have shown strong tendency of growth in Delhi are: Government and public sector offices, wholesale trade and commerce and, industry. The growth in these sectors, their salient characteristics and issues involved are as follows:
i) ~ qft siqRctt1i
~ ~ m:chl {1 chi ltfo lit ~ m c{JJ f.:l ch ~ cfi ~T ~ {lJPII{ cfi '3T'cfffi #'Jft "ff~~'{'% t I ~ ffl ~ ~m flF~RT -a-m ~~ Q;ci" fl i t<J,Rt ch t4115...fl'cFl'r~~~W~cfi~if~ <ll l 1 ~ H fcn<.rr ~ I 19 21 ff 'ITT fcff\r.:;, 'lfcfiTt cfi fl { ch I {l ~ 01'? fl{chlU chlllTMllT ~ {IJilll{ Mllli-11{ %ill "(QT % I fl I c{JJ f.:l ch ~ cfi '31I'il cfi {I Ji 411 { cfiT 4 m W ~ zja- "JlT "ffcfiill % , ~ ~ cfi chi llft14 , 01'?-fl{chl{l ~' ~ >l'~TRl', ~ ~ ~I .
q1) ~ W'cfiR ifi chi llTM <-11· ~ cfiT+f ¢ ~ ~cFI"~ 1921 ~~ 8000 ~m 1985~ ~ 2.30 BT"@" it~ I 1941-85 cfi cIT{'R W ~ ~ 2 (1'119 "ff~·~ (Jo'PII{ ~ (t11ffichl 6.4 ITT- 7) I ~cfil<lT{>l<llcfiT~TI~~~cfi~TI 'lft ~ ~ cfiTt qft ct J-1 ~ 3TT<IT I
'@) fl{chl{l ~l ~ 1961 ~ ~ 6000 o'WR'f cfiT+f cfi@ ~ aj- 1981 ~ 1.41 BT"@" it TT~ I ~ m~~Tcfil~'ITTB•Pl1'f 1.35 ~~cFI" cifct,lmU ~I 1971-81 cfi ~~Tqi' ~ WT'll1'f 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~l ~ {1JJ111{ m~ ~ ~ '31"~~ fcfl 19 71-81 cfi ~~Tqi' cfi cIT{'R fl I c{JJ f.:I ch ~ cfi ~T
., ~ u~ mm* ~"hf t ~~~~Ti "fl"'lfi ~~~~~~~~~(6ftlll011 3296 QO, ~ 1838 QO 0fR ~ >R~T 1764 QO) I
~ 'qTCTf cfi ID2T ~ ~ ~ ~~ yfcrm t cfif\UT ~ ~ WCTI" ~ ~ '"C(~ 41c " cfi WI" if ffl ~ t I W~ <ffim"CT ~~~ it ll I (1 I q I (1 $ fc;rQ: ~ i:n:-f~r'lft q,{ffi ~ I ~ cfi w ~ cfi ID~~ rrcrcfi. ~ ~ ~ ~ ¢ 11{ ir{ffi
f.:r~tl~~~cfiID~-ID~~~~ -zqtjpr ~ 'lft t m ~-1:frff i ~~~mu ~ "fl"cf"@t ~ ~ ! ~ ~ ~rflrqrlffi>f ~~i:tfeiafta cfiCTIT~ 1 ~~~JNl~a ~:m cfiT qftl-JIOI ~ fcrfcf~ m,:f: ~ cfi ~ cift ~~?:fcmll'3TT mu Rmfta° mm t I
ITT m ~"@" l-j Q·{i;l.iof ~ '3Tlmu ~ ~ ~ fcrq1ffi cFl" ~~~mi,~~- fl{ch1t1 ~ fl I c{JJ f.:l ch ~ cfi chi ltfo ll , ~ o'WIT{ ~ ~
~m ~ llT I ~ ~ ~ ~' ~ ~"@" fcl'~Tlfill,t ~ '3-,fntGff~ ~ f.:l J..i R1 f<9 a t:
1971-81, about one lakh people were provided jobs in these Undertakings, which means a total addition of roughly 5 lakh population during the decade 1971-81 through employment in Public Sector undertakings alone. During the period 1981-85, there has been an addition of 42,000 jobs [n this sector, meaning that the trend continues to remain as before.
These offices, inspite of disincentives such as insufficient space, costlier land and inconvenience and costlier supervision of their regional units from Delhi, prefer to cling on to Delhi and, as of today, there is no valid reason in sight for them to decide to move out.
c) The employment in Delhi Administration and local bodies largely grew with the size and enhanced responsibilities of the Administration and the local bodies with increasing overheads of servicing of metropolitan city. In 1921, it had a meagre 3,000 employment which grew to 1.82 lakhs in 1983, but, the employment declined to
1971 1981 1985 1961 19!51
YEARS
148 DELHI ADM8 LOCAL BODIES
IH QUASI GOVT
40
~ fl J1111 ( i +l"T~ "ff~~~ 5 m19 $l" ~ $l" ~ ~I 1981-85 $l" ~ i ~ W ~ ~ 42000 {1-iPll{l.ch'l" iil¢1"11£l ~' ~~l«ll~ ! fcn ~ WJftr ~ $l" ('ITTi ~· ~ ! I ~m,~~~~ir~
~ ~co1~41· cfiT ~ ~ ~~ ~!ffUf ~ t"?11lct-t1~-a ~cm>ft~$ atlct{~ ~ cor<lf(>lq ~-q ~ ~ ~cfj"{ff i ~ ~(fcfi 1ft"~ "ff~~ '1fR i ~~ -q ~ ~ i fu"C!; en){ ~ cfir{1Jf ~ ;:rnT 3TTffi I
lT) ~~~m,.:r~~f.:lco1q"i~<1J1111( m<r: '1 t"?l •·PI ( i ~ 1i fcrnrn: ;aw ~~m,.:r ~ ~ F;i col 4l ch'l" ~ ~ fJI di~ lft q)' i cfir{1Jf ~
~ '1 m -111 ( ch'l" "fl"crr;m ch'l" ~ -q ITT 1,1R1 ~ -1 qfummt119211l~~3ooo~ciif+:r cfitff~, "JIT.~ 19831i l.82m19fill'T'Q;I ~~ 1985~~cn"{ l.49m19~~~1 f!;m~ mortfcn~~~ll~~~ll~ qfu"ITTlft1
1941 1921 1931
0
40
BO
120
160
EMPLOYMENT IN '000
240.--~--,.----~-,-~~--.-~~--.-~~-.-~~-----,
Flgure-:-7: Employment in Public Sector 1921-85
230 CENTRAL GOVT.
I'
41
a) In a study conducted by the National Insti tute of Public Policy and Finance, it has been established that the growth of wholesale trade and commerce in Delhi has been facilitated due to following determining factors which have been favourable to Delhi and given it dominance over the Region:
i) Delhi as the Capital city is the centre of political as well as administrative power.
ii) The availability of requisite infrastructure such as banking, warehousing, transport, communication facilities, marshalling yard etc.
iii) The low tax rates in Delhi as compared to the neighbouring States and, the low transportation costs.
iv) Lower wholesale prices (exclusive of tax) as compared to the neighbouring States.
v) Lower Central Sales Tax on re-export of goods in Delhi as compared to the neighbouring States.
b) In 1951, Delhi had 22.8% of its working force in trade and commerce which was second to the services sector. Though, by 1981, it maintained more or .less the same proportion of workforce (22.25%); it occupied the third position next to services and manufacturing other than household goods. In absolute numbers, however, the work force increased from 1.17 lakhs to 4.13 lakhs during 1951 to 1981. During 1971-81 alone, if nearly doubled from 2.4 to 4.13 lakhs (Ta'ble 6.5).
Most of the wholesale trades in Delhi were established in 19th and 20th centuries and are located in Old Delhi area, in close proximity to one another, and nearer to the railway station. The wholesale activity in the central city has concen trated in an unplanned manner resulting in congestion, encroachment on public land, .traffic bottlenecks and parking problems, besides causing excessive noise in the area.
The conventional- approach to solve these problems has been the shifting and relocation of wholesale trade activities from the central area, mainly to the peripheral areas of Delhi and, in some cases, even to some regional towns within the National Capital Region. The Delhi Master
i) Growth trends
B. · Wholesale Trade and Commerce
1.49 lakhs by 1985.
i) ~ Sif!lil~i
en',) ,n~ ~reie::ic: '3ITCn ~ 4'il~'i~ ~ 1TifITT:ft &RT~~~ '31"~ # ?ffi ~ 1'f<Tf t fcf; ~ # ~ cxITT"T{ ~ q I fol J-q cFl" R kl R1 f{9 (1
~ 01fa1 cfi aintl if if'fficIT ~ ~ aj- fcf; ~ * ft;r~ ~~~~f,,,'1?VI~~~#~~~ cfit ~I
i) {Gi'fm,:ft if; ~ # ~ {IJl~Rtch ~ ~~ II fl~ ch !?ffern "chT cfu:: ~ I
ii) ~' ~' i!.(liili!.llii, ~ ~'Ell~, ~ ..;q I fl <l% ~ ~!?"l(cn ~mzw ~/fi{'i:1•'11 en')"~~ I
m) ~ UJ-qT en')"~#~# con en')" cfilf ~ ~ llliillllii en')" cfilf ~ I
iv) ~ UJ-qT en')"~#~~ (cR cFl" t9 i,¢ ch {) "chT cfilf m'1T I
v) ~UJ-ql* ~cfilcil~ ~lf ~~cFI" ~ ~ cITT" q-{ = ~ cR "chT cfilf
~) 1951 lf ~ lf chl+lchlJfl "ffillT # "ff 22.8 ~!?IB ~ cxITT"T{ ~ cl I fol ;;q lf 'c1'1T ~, aj° ffqT ffl t ~ ¢ ~ {f{ i, ~ 1981 ocfi ~ rfiT1l" ~mmcn')-~'3tfti3ijqrn {22.2s%)~ar-ftnft, ~~'31T{~~if~~~~t ~ f.:I +11111 t ~ ~confn,u ~ rn, ~ m ll rfiT1l" ~ ~ en')" f.ift-:mf ~ 1951 ~ 1981.* zfu:'R l.17~if~4.13~'ITT~l 1971-81 tzfu:'R?ffi2.4 ~~~'TfT'ITTcR 4.13 ~'ITT~ (iil~chl 6.5) I
~ # ~.~ mi:h-~ -ti" ~;a:{lcf 19cff '3Tk 2ocff ~1a1ft;q1· ~ ~ ~ ~~ 2'.ltcfi-~ ~ ~ ~ # ~ ¢ * tml-tml ~ ~ ~ * wfi"cr ~ ~I ~ ~ # mcfi ~ en')"~ i3i fr! i!.11 FJJ a ?;11" if~ ti' BlR q-{ ~
mcR ~ ~ ~' ~ qf{o11+1+q(i:\q ~ ~ lf ~ c.f>i(>lli:R1 t ~ ~ ~ ~-~ ~ fl I c{Jl fr\ ch 'Jl1lT'-r col '31 fa ~+l 01, l@ I l( I a ~tjt llf41cl{1~'ff~cfffi.l~~cn')" fl+lti!.11~ ~'ITT ~~I
~ ~'31"f cFI" ~ cITT""chT 4{4{1llii ~ ~ rn~fcfi ~~cn')"~cFt"~t~ ~ if ~~: ~ rn ll ~ c§t9 1ffifITT ll m ~ UJl"m.fi-~ cf; ~ ~ qffi ~~ lf ~ ~ Tf: ~ fcf;'l(T ~ I ~ lfffc'{
Industrial progress in Delhi in the last two decades has been phenomenal. The growth of industries in Delhi followed a typical trend, with slow progress upto 1970- 71 and rapid one from 1976 onwards. There was a sharp increase in the number of units from 26,000 in 1970- 71 to 62000 in 1984-85 i.e. an increase of 9.90% per annum. The industrial employment increased from
i) Growth trends
C. Industry
Plan-1981 had recommended shifting and relocation of some of the wholesale markets viz. vegetable market, grain market, steel market etc. Some of these programmes have been successfully implemented (vegetable market, iron and steel market); some have been partially successful (cycle market); and some have failed. The revised Master r Plan Delhi - 2001 has now again proposed the need for decentralisation of these wholesale activities from the congested parts of the city. In the revised Master Plan of Delhi, the main emphasis has been laid on the development of wholesale markets in the peripheral areas of Urban Delhi along with shifting of ware-housing and hazardous activities to the areas specifically assigned to them at the periphery within Delhi. Some of these activities which are hazardous in nature and require extensive space have also been recommended to be located in the OMA towns. Keeping in view the fact that the relocation of these activities in Delhi Union Territory would further generate more employment opportunities and create congestion in the peripheral areas, thereby creating a contiguous expansion, it would be appropriate that alternative/additional wholesale markets are developed in the OMA and priority towns of the Region. Studies to carry out surveys and to identify such locations have now been initiated.
The major part of the commodities which are brought to Delhi are distributed outside Delhi. The percentages of exports outside Delhi, in some of the commodities like textiles and textile products, radio, T.V. parts, fruits and spices, surgical and scientific instruments are as high as 80. Due to the concentration of trade and commerce activities in Delhi, a regional imbalance has been created. The other towns of the Region are lacking in economic activities with weak economic base.
42
~ ~ lIB ~ ~~TcnT ~ ~ ~, E.l I fl I q, WlITTf ~%I ~ ~ ~iEi1P1 cfi WTfu cN "C!;cfi ~ ~ 00%11910-11 ocfim~~~ ~mi, 3fT{ 1976cfi~"?fm~~~~%11971 ~ ~1E.llfll ch ~q,I ~lli. ~ cN ~ 26,000 ~' "Jll"~ ff~ en"{ 1984-85 ~ 62,000 "ITT <I{,~~~ 9.90'Yii >ITTl' cpf cN q{ ff ~ ~ I 1970•71 ~
i:m.,-1981- ~ ~ ft:rcnrft~ qft- ~ eft" fcn" ~ ~ ~ ,~=~~,mm~~cfiT~ m ;ff=~~~ I ~fr~ cfil (fsnifl' cfiT «q:;t_,rn,i<:fcti cfi1 qff..cta·~Tfl:!Tt (~~ -mm l=fm), ~ ~wrf.rm{%~ (a1*Pcne1-~)! '3TI{~~~!1#~~~-2001~ ~ ¥= w-ano cfiT ~ ~ Tfl:IT t fcn" ~ aqyc(f"{ ~~~cfiTfc:14i~ct cfi"{-flrrcli ~-~ ~~ff~~cfi"{~~l~cfi #~irn=c{~~~wr"fl"W-a'ITo~~~ Tf<ff i fcn" l'ltcfi-~ c!?t ~ cli ~ rn ll ~OsSl{OI ~'eTT-3IT, (iey 12lf.:lcfil{ch ~ cfi m~-m~, ~~~ rn~~~"{citl""fl" irTR{ '<'lR~ ~~mprq;~, f4 q,ffia ~~I~ "fl" 'fEJ ~ ~ cfi ~~ ~, "Jll" t11 f.:I cfi( {cfi % ~ ~~~ ~ ~qft 3f[q~i, ~ fu'q:;rft~ cN ~ % Fcfi ~ ~ J.t 121'1 l I ( !lf5f cfi .:flTU ll ~~~I W o~ cfiT ~ ~ nsffi ~fcp" ~~cfiT~tltf~~~¥=~ ~r-r:Ct-iii11{cli~~~m~~ rn~~~~-~m~~ qf{ou J.t fq (i:)q W !lh- ~ W fcrn:nz min, ~ -3fqa- itin fcn" ~ ~ J.ti21'1ll{ ~ ~ ~ 0flTIIT ~ °'11TCT ~ ~ q:i~ 4i "q'T ~cffi" wr ~ fc:t q:iffl a ~ ~ I ~ ~ cfif qm ~ cfi IB"C!; ~!ff"CJT i:r{cn
~~ ~ ;mt<i, en"{ ~ "l'f'C!; ~ I ~~"Jll"~l:t~~~' ffl ff~~T
~cli~i11aR:a qft~%1 ~~fflcli ~. 001, tr O cft O cfi ~, ~ ~ 1ffifffi, ~ -ni Rhffi I -q;ct cl $11 R q, 3 q cfi{ 011' ~ c§(Hl12-m cfiT ~ff~ f.i<rra cN ~~ 80 % I~ l~ q I fol fRl q, ·ffl-cfim"IIT cfi ~ ~ 4isfl q q,{ 01 cfi m ~ ~tijC1'1 cN ~~"ITT~% I W !lf5f cfi ~ "'1"lTD t cfiJ.t G'll{ ~ 3"fTmr cli m ~ cfipfcfic.>1141. cfif ~'mq" % I
43
Delhi which in 1951 and 1961 had adminis trative character is now very fast becoming a city of industrial character. The first Master Plan of Delhi recognised the need to put a curb on the industrial activities of Delhi and prohibited certain types of industries, mainly large scale and obnoxious industries, from being set up in Delhi. The increase in the industrial employment in the intervening period shows that the curbs prescribed by the Master Plan were not sufficient.
1oe4 ..... IOOI 1000 I ... ...
INO 2000 ....
100
I ..
140
14S
100
I ..
180
I ..
170
175
180
•• 1•• ~I
/ J ~/
y ~. .> 1 ••
·7 ""/ // " 540,: f'/
/ 1•= ./' ..
f l'ro:,
v"
WORKERS ( Dolly GYWQQI ln'OOO)
190
FACTORIES
~' mcfif 1951 ~ 1961 -q tzq; R}JllftAcfi ~ 'IT' ,3{"af ~ "ffm ~ ~ '31, El I fl I Ch o{lR qiT ~
ffifr-iff nfl' ! I~ i ~ lfTre"{ ~~ ~ amf cn'f ~~ cffl' (41&,j( ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '311e11fltcfi cfil q .. cfiinl 41°1:f( ~@t ~~ -3Tft ~ ~ ~ "3fflllT tff, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~lf;tcfi( ~ tf{', Uc1i ~ cft' ~ I ffl cfil" W ~ ~ ~1Ellflli:h {lJPll( ~~~'fl'~ tfITT "i:.fITTtT ! ~ lfTfc(' ~ &TU f4fmr ~!f ~ ~ ~ I
- P'ACTORIES - WORKERS
- INDUSTRIES - EMPLOYMENT
IHOU91'R1AI.\.IITS lln '000)
••..--------r---.----,
0200
ecoc
47!50
EMPLOYMENT 4000 (In l.Gkho) ·~ 4200
0·0
4000
•·• 3700
eo seoe
4~ ,200
4<> sooc
•• 2700
ao 21500
2·• 2200
Agure-8: Growth of Industries and Employment
Factory and Employment
2.15 lakhs in 1970-71 to 5.58 lakhs in 1984-85 registering a growth rate of 11.37% per annum (Table 6.6).
The number of registered industries, which constitute the organised sector has increased from 2984 in 1979 to 4652 in 1985 in Delhi. The number of daily workers in these factories increased from 1.41 lakhs in 1979 to 1.85 lakhs in 1984-85 (Table 6.7 Fig. 8).
~eflflicfi f.:tAIJt'1 cn'I" ~ 2.15 ~ eft, ~ 1984- 85 ~~cfi\ 5.58~m~,;areifu'~~~ 11.37% ~m ~ (alR>lcfii 6.6) I
tjJft~a ~' ~<4~1raa ~qil'~'q'(TI'~, ~
~ ~ ~ 1979 i 2984 'ft' Qf?;qi'{ 1985 ~ 4652 m~t~~,e:i,fl1cfi ~cfi,~41·~~1919~~ 1.41~ cfilJ.t~ll{l0 qft,~~ 1984-85 ~ ~ 1.85 ~ m ~ (a1R;icfi1 6.7; m-8)
In pursuance to the policies of the Master Plan for Delhi 1962-81 to disperse economic activities in the adjoining towns falling in the Delhi Metropolitan Area, the concerned State Governments developed large scale industrial activities in these towns. This resulted in a phenomenal growth of these towns during the last two decades. While undertaking industrial development in these towns, matching level of residential, commercial, tele-communication and other facilities have not been developed resulting in sizeable number of workers employed in the industries living in Delhi. This necessitates control on development of industries in the Delhi Metropolitan Area. Besides, some of the offices of the Government and Public Sector undertakings and the wholesale trades which are essential for Delhi can be suitably located in these towns.
6.4 DMA in Region's economy
The revised Master Plan of Delhi - 2001 has also recognised the need for restricting the industrial growth of Delhi for achieving balanced regional development and, has recommended location of only small scale industries in Delhi with stress on units which require more skill, but less of man power and energy, are not nuisance creating and, largely sub-serve Delhi's economy. Recommendations for shifting certain hazardous units and units located in non-conforming areas, have also been made both in the existing as well as the proposed Master Plan for Delhi. At one stage, a huge area in Bahadurgarh was specifically developed and earmarked for location of such industries, which failed to materialise. Shifting of industries from Delhi requires decisions on various related issues along with a consensus about such shifting among the various interests which are involved in the process. It is feared that unless all these issues are tied up, it will not be possible to implement these recommendations.
With the current aggressive entrepreneurship and local administration's promotional support, the share of industrial sector employment could well increase even beyond 30% by the turn of the century. For a city of national importance, the fact that industrial sector is growing faster of all the ~conomic sectors, needs serious considera tion.
44
~ +frR"{ ~ 1962 it~~ <h1" ~ +lt11'1ll( ~ t -;pm it~ ff~~ ;::fiftfm t 01jfl(OI it~~~ fl(<hll!° ~ ~ -;,w it ~ ~ If{ '3\l ~ 1fl1 Ch TITT!fcrr~ <h1" rct <hffi ct ~ I ~ lfii:>1 f<:I (c\4 ~ -;,lT("T ~ ~ ~ ~~ it '3'fffim{Uf c[fu ~ 1 ~ ;pf(T it '311 u) fl I ch ~ Fci;<)- ~ t -3~ -3llc!H:fl<l, c11fo1f-Rli:h, tg,(tt 'cl I ( ~ '3Trtl" '§"fcrm-3lt ct~.,-~~ t 4'il?i f<l {i:)4 ~ '3"WT1T it ~ cxlfcfn W ~ it ~~~rt t I ~ "ct"~<f <h1" ~it"{~ "§"Q: ~ J.J l:11 '1 l I { ~ ~ '3\i u I [) I cfi fcr"cfiTtf qr ITT:fOT fc:n<n" ~ ~~<fen 'g I ~ ~ t!Jj" fl {cfil zl ,3lT{" ~~tl{<hl{I ~t i:hll!Ti:>14 om ~o!IT4T(""JJT ~ cfi fuq: ~~ ! <h1" ~cffi" ~ qr ~ -;,w ~ nfil ~ tfcfiITT ! I
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45
There are certain economic activities which are generally overlooked in the planning exercise as these do not fall in the category of organised or well defined sectors of economy. Consequently, the needs of such activities and also of those people carrying out such activities, generally fall outside the purview of the normal planning and investment exercises. This unanticipated demand results in additionaal pressure on the existing infra structure and services, thereby deteriorating them.
These activities collectively known as 'informal sector' are present in all the towns and cities in some form or the other. They range from production of engineering goods, electronic and electrical goods, transport and various other industrial activities to retail and wholesale trading activities, servicing of various equipment, domestic services etc. These activities are further characterised by some salient features viz small scale of operations, reliance on indigenous resources, low level skill requirements, low level of income, labour intensive technology, non-avail ability of adequate infrastructural facilities etc.
A study on informal sector in the National Capital Region conducted through the Society for Development Studies, New Delhi for the NCR Planning Board had taken into consideration the informar sector activities in the towns of Alwar, Gaziabad, Khurja, Faridabad and Sonepat. Similar studies are in progress for Meerut and Panipat towns. The study, while emphasising the dynamic role of the informal sector in the development· process, has recommended that a phased programme for the development of informal sector activities should be prepared. The study has also emphasised the need for accessibility to institutional finance, skill upgradation programmes for the workers engaged in such activities and, better organisation of the informal sector entrepreneurship.
In the towns of the National Capital Region where induced development has been envisaged by developing economic activities intensively, alongwith the development of organised sector of economy, the growth of informal sector would be carefully nurtured. This would then play the role of a vibrant component of the urban economy and provide gainful employment to the potential
6.5 Role of Informal Sector in Region's economy
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With regard to Government offices, the present policy and mechanism for screening the location of new Government offices and expansion of existing Government offices should be continued. The main criterion for location of offices in the Capital should be that they perform ministerial functions, protocol functions or liaison functions which, by their nature, cannot be performed anywhere else except in the National Capital. The existing offices which do not perform any of the above functions should be identified and shifted from Delhi. In the case of Public Sector offices, there is an urgent need to scrutinise the list of existing offices and allow them
a) Strict control within the Union Territory of Delhi
A. Government and Public Sector offices
Major employment generators in Delhi which need be dispersed within the National Capital Region fall under three categories: Government and Public Sector offices, Wholesale Trade and Commerce and, Industry. For the dispersal and development of economic activities in the Region, a three tier policy approach has been envisaged in the Plan: A policy of strict control for creation of employment opportunities within the Union Territory of Delhi, moderate control outside Delhi within the Delhi Metropolitan Area and, encouragement with incentives, in the areas outside Delhi Metropolitan Area within the NCR.
6.6 Policies and proposals
migrants to urban areas. In the priority towns which have been selected
for induced development, there are certain economic activities traditionally being carried out since long and, also well recognised from the point of view of specialisation and their exportpotentials. Since in the past, no efforts have been made with regard to provision of adequate infrastructure
· facilities for these activities in an organised way, the economic activities are being carried out in substandard conditions, in congested areas of the towns, in lanes and bylanes. An improvement in the working conditions by suitably locating them with provision of appropriate infrastructure and improvement in the technology will enhance the prospects of these activities and generate more employment.
46
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47
a) Decentralisation of wholesale trade and commerce in Delhi
B. Wholesale Trade and Commerce
The Central Government offices which are considered for being shifted from Delhi and the OMA towns should be located in other towns of the · NCR and, incentives in the form of CCA, HRA etc, as given to employees working in Delhi, should be given to employees who may be affected by this shifting for a limited period. Other incentives like providing Government accommodation, allowances for study of their children also be given to act as an incentive. For locating the new Central Government and Public Sector offices in the OMA and/or the priority towns, alternative sites should be identified and developed by the development agencies in consultation with the Board's secretariat.
c) Incentives outside OMA but within NCR
A similar control on the opening of new Central Governmentand Public Sector offices in the OMA towns should be exercised. Relocation or expansion of Government offices which have ministerial, protocol or liaison functions which make it incumbent upon them to be located in Delhi alone should be allowed to be located in the OMA towns. In so far as Public Sector undertakings are concerned, the restrictions on their opening new offices or expanding the existing ones should apply equally to the OMA also. Rest of them have to go out to the priority towns to be developed in the NCR or in the Counter-magnet areas identified by the Board.
b) Control outside Delhi but within the OMA
to r~tain only very small establishments to cater for ministerial and liaison functions. The rest of the establishments should be shifted out of Delhi. The accommodation which may thus become available could be used to cater to the needs of the essential growth of Central Government offices.
A study of the decisions taken by the Committee set up to scrutinise requests for fresh locations in Delhi shows that in 17 out of 27 cases, the offices have been located in Delhi itself.
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---~-
While in the long term perspective, the growth of large and medium scale industries in OMA towns may have to be restricted these industries may be permitted in the OMA towns for a period of 10 years, whereafter the policy shall be reviewed. The emphasis will be on promoting growth of large
b) Control outside Delhi but within the OMA
The present policy of not promoting location of medium and large scale industries within Delhi should be continued.
a) Control within the Union Territory of Delhi
C. Industries
Incentives, concessions and intrastructure should be made available in the regional towns to encourage and accelerate the growth of trade.
c) Development outside OMA within NCR
There are certain wholesale trades and storages in Delhi which are hazardous because of their location in congested areas and also due to bulk handling activities relating to plastic and PVC goods, chemical, timber, food grains, iron and steel and building material. These wholesale trades in · addition to new trades and related activities should be encouraged to be developed in the OMA towns.
The possibility of developing modern Super Markets should be explored in the Delhi Metropolitan Area towns.
b) Development outside Delhi within OMA
There should not be any special advantage in terms of preferential treatment or lower taxes by way of incentives to wholesale trades in Delhi vis-a vis the adjoining States. Those wholesale trades which are hazardous in nature such as plastic and PVC goods, chemical, timber, food grains, iron and steel and building material and require extensive space may be decentralised by developing suitable additional locations outside Delhi.
48
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49
D
The towns selected for priority development should have a strong industrial content, and incentives comparable to those given to industries in centrally declared backward areas should be given for location of large, medium and small scale industries. Industrial estates should be developed in these towns. Specific areas should be earmarked in the Region outside the OMA, for relocation of non-conforming, polluting and obnoxious industries proposed for shifting in the. Delhi Master Plan - 2001.
c) Incentives for industries outside the OMA but within the NCR
and medium scale industries in priority towns in preference to OMA towns.
D
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The existing road network in the Region shows a convergence towards Delhi, with the five National Highways (NH) 1, 2, 8, 10 and 24 terminating at Delhi. The National Highways are four lane divided upto Sonepat on NH-1, Ghaziabad on NH-24, Ballabgarh on NH-2, Gurgaon on NH-8 and Bahadurgarh on NH-10, and the rest of the portions beyond are two laned. The twelve State Highways also serve in strengthening the regional road network. Most of the State Highways are
a) Road network
The existing primary transport network in the NCR exhibits a pattern of "radial corridor" development. There are nine major corridors in the transport network system. (Fig.-9) In addition, there are seven orbitals which provide the linkage among important urban centres of the Region. There has been a substantial increase in the volume of activities, workforce and population along these corridors over the period, and as such, it is only logical that these activities and population attracting corridors are utilised to gain the prime pbjective of the NCR Plan of controlling the growth of Delhi through induced development of the regional towns and by deflection of economic activities towards them.
i) Transprot network
Existing characteristics:
The NCR Plan is based on the concept of developing the Region in a balanced manner with optimum growth. It would be multi-sectoral in its nature and scope, ensuring inter and intra sectoral integration. An integrated transportation system in this strategy would rather 'lead' than 'follow' development.
7 .1 Background
50
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TRANSPORT 7
51
The NCR rail network covers three zonal railways (Northern, Western and Central) and 5 divisions. The rail network in the Region consists of both Broad and Metre gauges. Five railway lines converge at Delhi. The rail network has two
b) Rail Network
single or intermediate laned except for very busy stretches like Ghaziabad-Meerut and Ghaziabad Bulandshahr which are two to four laned.
~ 5 0 10 20 50 KM
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Flgure-9: Transport Corridors
I, TOP FIGURES INDICATE 0/o OF URBAN POPULATION IN THAT CORRIDOR TO NCR1S URBAN POPULATION
2. BOTTOM FIGURES INDICATE% OF WORK FORCE IN THAT CORRIDOR TO NCR'S TOTAL WORK FORCE
The line capacity in and around Delhi is heavily strained. The area around Delhi, within Delhi· Division of the Northern Railway distinguishes itself from the rest of the Region, and is commonly known as the "Delhi Area". 7 5% of the goods traffic and 65% of the passenger traffic are handled in this intensively worked Delhi Area through 65 goods J trains and 230 passenger trains. Presently, the inflow and outflow of commuter traffic which has a peaking character is not catered to effectively by
b) Rail
Traffic volume-count surveys to estimate the traffic intensity on different road links connecting all important centres in NCR show that the heaviest interactions take place on Ghaziabad-Delhi section (Table 7.1) followed by Delhi-Faridabad and Delhi NOIDA sections. The composition of vehicular traffic on Delhi corridors of 5 National Highways is of 67.3% of passenger vehicles, 7.7% of buses and 25% of goods vehicles. Delhi emerges as a major point of attraction and traffic generation in the Region, with relatively less interaction among the other towns.
a) Road
Transport system development would be highly capital intensive and of long gestation period. It is therefore necessary to base the planning of regional transport system appropriate to different policy scenarios on a set of sound and reliable data. For this purpose, various traffic and transportation studies were got conducted through Operations Research Group, Baroda. These studies threw up the following present and future characteristics of traffic flow in the Region:
ii) Traffic volume: 1987
specially identified lines known as the Goods Avoiding Line (GAL) and, the Delhi Avoiding Line (DAL). The GAL provides a direct entry from Ghaziabad into New Delhi, bypassing the congested Delhi Railway Station complex. The DAL provides a direct passage from the major yards-Tughlakabad and, Ghaziabad directly into the Delhi-Ambala-Kalka section, and the sections through Lajpatnagar, Patel Nagar, Dayabasti and Azadpur link.
52
~) tit
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(ii) 4Hil<Hi.1 cb't1ITT1T: 1987
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en) ~
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53
Of the total passenger traffic by buses and that
b) Movement pattern
The per capita inter-urban trip rate for bus passengers varies from 0.021 for Delhi to 0.142 for NOJDA, that of vehicle passengers, from 0.007 for Delhi to 0.65 for Rohtak, and that of rail passengers from 0.011 to 0.085 (Table 7.2). These variations are found to be a result of both size and characteristics of an urban area. The general trend observed is that increase in population size and diversification of economic base result in decline in the per capita trip rate, whereas, increase in per capita trip is an indi-cator of lesser degree of self containment of a town.
a) Per capita trip rate
The generation of total daily passenger movement by all modes in the Region is estimated at 8,84,000 (Table 7.2). Share of rail to the total traffic generated is 23.7% and of public transport, about 32%.
Share of Delhi UT in the total passenger movement generated in the Region by all modes is the highest. There are quite a few urban areas such as Ghaziabad, Meerut, Faridabad, Rohtak, NOIDA and Bulandshahr which contribute to the regional traffic generation but their share is comparatively smaller than that of Delhi.
iii) Passenger movement - Road and Rail
rail transport. The 79 suburban trains on the 8 rail corridors are insufficient to cater to this load and, the commuters have to often utilise the 29 long distance trains available to them during the peak periods. This usage has in turn affected the punctuality and departures of the long distance trains.
A peculiarity of Delhi Area is that it also works as distributive centre for the areas in the Region due to convergence of major regional trains at Delhi and, lack of loading and unloading facilities at other railway stations in the Region. Train loads of freight traffic are also received into the Delhi Area, but no back bulk loading takes place.
~ffl<rrcfi~34'1'1(lcfi~mf-~~ cfil' #&IT ~ i ft.n:J: 0.021 if ~ ~ t rn-c:i:
~ 0.142~1~-ffl<rrcfil'~~trn-c:i:o.007 if~ ~ t ~ 0.65 ! ~ tc>r-~ ct,'l' msZIT 0.011 if~ 0.085 (a1R:lchl 7.2) (;qi~ I <l" m'31f-~ ~ * ~ ~ ~ fcr~T'IBT'311 ~ cfi cfiT"{Uf g, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t fcl, Jl'"1ti@I -q ~ ;mt~ ~m{ lt qftqff-1 $ qftu1tJi~{ciq->lfu ~ ~lcllll'1'1 c6)- ~ # cfiJ:ft ~~~' ~>lfu~~li:11'1'1'1 cn'l'~#
. ~ ~ ~ cfil' ~ !fcl;i:hW'31f-,ll"{ ~~ cfilf ~-~~~,
~ ~ # t{qffi * TI"1fi ~ * fflm cfi ~ '1llc1Plii'1 (~) ~ ~ ,3tj'11'1e'I: 8,84,000 (alR>ichl 7.2)i1 ~ <.llallllci #mcfifm:trr 23.7 >lfuffir ~ ~ fl I qrJl f.:t ch q ftct tH cfif '(>l'lT'qlT 3 2 >lfuffir ! I~ ~#t{cl'ffi cfjff~ ~if~ ffl<IT cfi ,3tlclPl'11 # ~ ~ ~ ~ qif ftfm ffl ~~I~~ ,34'1ll{14 ~ ~' ~ lll~lllGflC:, ffl Cfi{lGlllflC:, ~' ~ ~ ~rn ~ ~ llle'lllll\1 # 41llGl'1 "ITT~,~~ frnrr ~ cfi ~ if '3N~ co+I" moT ! I
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a) Movement pattern
About 63A% of the goods movement by road is
In the case of railway goods traffic, the importance of Delhi is more overwhelming (60%) as compared to that of road. However, there are quite a few urban centres of significance namely Ghaziabad, Panipat and Meerut. Share of railways in total goods traffic attracted by the NCR (excluding through traffic) is only about 140/o.
59980 (32.5%) 12940 (60.QO/o)
191816 21585
Road Rail
OUT NCR Mode
Daily goods movement in tonnes
The total volume of goods moved on the regional road network of the NCR is about 1.92 lakh tonnes (l.84 lakh tonnes excluding through traffic) of which the share of Delhi bound traffic is about one-third while that of the other urban centres in relation to the OUT is very small.
iv) Goods movement-Road and Rail
by private vehicles, the share of intra-regional passenger traffic by buses is 65% and by private vehicles 85% and, the share of through traffic (both ends of the trips outside the Region) is very small. This shows that the bypassable traffic in the Region is insignificant (Table 7.3).
In the case of urban nodes, the component of through traffic by bus' via Delhi UT is only 8% whereas through traffic via Ghaziabad, Hapur, Panipat, Sonepat and Modinagar is as l~rge as 60%. The bypassable passenger traffic by other vehicles varies between 20 and 80%. As such, it js apparent that smaller the urban node for attraction and generation of the traffic, higher is the proportion of bypassable traffic, if the urban node lies on the main trunk route. Location of the towns vis-a-vis the routes being followed is also a factor which contributes significantly to the bypassable traffic. To quote an example, Ghaziabad, which is located at the confluence of three main corridors of movement is having the highest bypassable traffic.
54
59980 (32.5%) 12940 (60.0%)
191816 21585
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(a1ftilcn1 7.3) 1 '3"Cf ~ ~ cfi ~ 1)- ~ w:r ~ ~ it
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55
Commodity Road(%) Rail(%)
Food grains 12.0 13.6 Vegetables & fruits 8.7 0.2 Manufactured food items 9.7 1.8 Industrial inputs 19.l 46.8 Manufactured household
products 15.7 5.0 Building material 20.4 18.6 Other industrial products 6.7 0.4 Petroleum products 1.0 4.0 Miscellaneous items 6.7 9.6
Total 100.0 100.0
Commodity composition of inward traffic in the shape of industrial raw material-is more through rail traffic and less through road. In case of building material the share of both the modes are equal. Foodgrains account for a sizeable portion of road and rail traffic whereas vegetables and fruits are catered to mainly through road transport. There are, however, large variations in the type of flow from one group to another.
b) Commodity movement
In intra-regional traffic movement by road, OUT followed by the other OMA towns are the important centres and, in the inter-regional movement, vicinity States of the NCR account for a sizeable share. For railway movement, the largest contributor to inward movement is the Eastern Railway followed by the Northern Railway.
Goods flow Road(%) Rail(%)
Intra-regional 32.4 0.4 Inter-regional 63.4 99.6 Through 4.2 N.A.
inter-regional and 33% is intra-regional in nature while railways goods movement is inter-regional. The through traffic of goods movement by road is a mere 40/o.
~ ~lfTlf ti[ lfT1f (m~ra) (m~ra)
@E.11"1 12.0 13.6 -ft~4i ~~ 8.7 0.2 ~Piffla ™-~ 9.7 1.8 .afl al flt ch f.:l ~ ~ <1 i 19.1 46.8 ~Piffl11 ~~ 15.7 5.0 ~+i I un ffflIT;, 20.4 18.6 '3Rr 'dil Ell fl I ch ~ 6.7 0.4 Clt;:1~4+1 ~ 1.0 4.0 ~~~ 6.7 9.6
<in,- 100.0 100.0
'(g') ~,aft q;y ~jqj4j+4..j
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~cnr ~-lfTlf tir-lfTlf '3tjqj4j+4..f (Mff~ra) (Slfir~ra) 3uf:~ 3.4 0.4 ~-~ 63.4 99.6 mm-411'1141\"1 4.2 ~~
~ 1fflf mCT 1fIB * ~ I q I JI +I 1 qif c'flT'q11" 63.4 i:rftf~ram-~mmt~33m~~:~ mm~,~ nrcr ITTU +ITTT cl1T ~1qii1+11 m ~ ~ mffi' ! I ~-1fflf ID"CT 1fIB qif mm ~lqill+l1 ~ 4 ~~~~ ~I
The total traffic projected to move by bus and
a) Projected traffic flows: Road
Accordingly, the volume of trip generations through the total vehicle passenger and public transport for the Region as a whole are forecast at 7.84 lakhs and 19 lakhs respectively (Table 7.4) On the basis of assigned population, economic base and trip rate, the lowest growth rate of passenger trip will be for DUA and Ghaziabad, (though the projected absolute volume of increase for DUA is much larger compared to other areas), whereas a higher growth rate is forecast for towns with expected high degree of industrialisation and trading activity such as Alwar, Panipat and Gurgaon.
i) trip rate (inter-urban) by each mode is a function of the population size of an urban. area, its socio-economic base and also locational factors, particularly the relation between the resident workers and jobs. These factors are, in a sense, reflected in what may be called the degree of self· containment of an urban area. The higher the degree of self-containment, the less is the per capita trip rate (inter-urban) as in the case of OUT. Other factors like per capita income and behavioural parameters, though important in some cases, have not been explicitly taken into account and,
ii) the trip rate for railway is both a function of the variables noted above and also the availability of the facility itself.
Besides behavioural and operational aspects of .. future travel demand pattern, the forecast of future passenger traffic assumes that:
i) Passenger trip projections
The projection of traffic volumes, both of goods and passengers is to be necessarily based on the likely population size and economic base of the towns in the Region in order to accomplish the core objectives of achieving a manageable Delhi subserved by an harmoniously developed Region by 2001. . .'
7 .2 Traffic projection-2001
56
7.2 ~~ qHil'-Ud - 2001
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tll~:~:z qhq:1:~76~~:1+1~6;; fl:t (>I I ch{ ~ ~ cfif 'Ji1" iqf3'l I '1 ~ l'fcIT ~ q1? ~~: 7.84 ~ ~ 19 "(>1119 (aif<.icfil 7.4) t I ~mftf Jl-1fi&11, ~ '3TT~ om ~1q1J1'l-1
' (~) cfi1' q{ cfi '3fT~ q-{ ~-~I qi ll 'l '1 'll ~ ctt f.:lkia'l ~~~-PR ~'3TT(" 111Mltiis1iqcfi~ mm (~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cfi ~ qft:chMa ~~ -3R" ~ctr~ 1l ~ ~~ !) ~~iclfj'll.-\ tFcn~~-;pf{Tcfi~~ cfif ;"jj I qpj SH J'til a { :f{" qz ~ ~ ~ '3TT~lT ctt "Jl'Tift t Fcn ~ ~ -.flRT 'll, ~ ~, q 141 q a '3ltt l_!~11iq11t ~h.ll'Ach<.01 o~ oq1q1ftch chi l{cfiif114 ~ lTfu "ff mill
57
Bus: Currently, the bus passenger flow originating from or terminating at Delhi shows that about one third of the total trips made within or through the NCR have one end of their trip at Delhi. This is estimated to be about 19% by 2001. However, in absolute number of Delhi based trips, the increase will be about 1 lakh after taking into account the impact of improvements in rail system. The intra regional share of public transport is projected at 54% which is less as compared to the present share due to larger railway share in intra-regional public transport. Major movements follow similar pattern as that of vehicle passenger but the proportion of larger distance trips will be more. A significant forecast is of larger number of flows between the priority towns and the OMA towns.
Vehicle passenger: An important change is predicted in the gain in movement to and from OMA towns exception being NOIDA which will continue to have a limited interaction (only with Delhi). Among the priority towns, interaction with Meerut, Gurgaon, Panipat and Alwar gains significantly so also rest of the NCR in Uttar Pradesh with Hapur as centroid. The other important change in the redistribution of flows is the likely reduced importance of Delhi based flows.
b) 0-D flows - 2001
1987 2001 Mode Genera- Attrac- Genera- Attrac-
ted ted ted ted % % % %
Bus 32.2 32.6 19.5 19.3 Passen- ger 23.7 26.1 19.4 19.9 Truck 22.0 32.6 13.8 19.1
passenger vehicles are 13.99 lakh trips and 4.77 lakh trips respectively. The distinct concentration in Delhi of about one-third of the trips currently being generated and attracted by it is however projected to decline to about 19%. But in absolute terms, there would be an increase in the generated and· attracted traffic of Delhi due to increase in population size by 2001.
-am: qfflJH if~~zjoqm~c:rr~if ~m~~-'lllit <11ol.!.llci <flm'fl'~imT ~ i Fcfi u~ '{ruf cy;:ft !ff?!' if <TI" ~ m qi{ ct) ~ crrm cJpf °llBIT;m (f0) if~ ~'1=[11 ~-~
~(~)mm 'fl' zjoq~ t1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ fcn 2001 ('!'en ~ ~~ 19 i;rrn~ 'ITT ~I(!"~~ tr{ 3ff~ ~T (~) ~ ~~if nr-wrnm if m cfIB !!mt* ~'mq cnr urr,-r if m * ~ ~'1=[11 "C!;cJi ~ ch9" ~ wA--1 ftlc{Jt~c:fi 4ftctt?'1 cfif ;mr: ~ fuffiT ~'1=[11 54 ~ffif ~ ~ lfllT !, '1IT ;mr: ~ fllctcJt~c:fi qflqt?-1 ~if~ cfil' fuRrl' ~ ~ <fl m qJtJl '1 ~ct)-~ if cfil1 i I ~ \jj I qp1 ii .-i 'lfi "3'fft m ~ ~' ~ m rt~ cfi mff ~'~~~<fl ~lclPl"l'il ~ tf&:rr ~~~ 1·~ll~ictfj1il'1 ~ iFcn~ ~ ~ (l~ ~ lit?l.-\ll( iihrct -nm* ffl \jj,c1,i,11.-i ~~~if~ ~mm,
~) '3TI'o'tl'o wm- 2001
~-~: ~ 'i_clfjl11'1 ~ fcn ~ llt?l•·PI( ~ $-.=rrf"CT 'fl' \jjlclPl'"l'i ~ "c[fu ct~ if~ 4~r:t'!;)t'" qftqJ-1 ~' ~ ~ lJ;cli ~ ~' zj ~lctPl'-1'1 ct)-~~ -3'rn":ftn<rr (~~cl> tIT:?r)~~I ~~";flfCTif, 'tRo, ~,\Sllic:I, q1..ftqa ~~ct m:?T -3'rn":fsn7:rr ~ ~ ~ ~~~ref~ '{rufqr;ft- !ff;T ct)- 'lfi ~ ~~ ~ ~ ct m:?T ~ ~ t -wr if -3'rn": ftn<rr if qifq,9- ~ mrft I <llctl<11ct <fl ~ $ :ff: ~ if ~ 1i iH'C1 'i_of q fl q J.-i ~ ID1lT fco ~ '3llmfto° .q I a I q I ct * m qif +fITT'q' 'lfi 'ff'qqff: cfil1 'ITT ~ I
2001 m~ ~ .af lcfi~tt 'Sl'ftl'~ra Slftr~ra
~ 32.2 32.6 19.5 19.3 ~ 23.7 26.l 19.4 19.9 s'(fi 22.0 32.6 13.8 19.1
ff~ <11ctl<11ct (~) ch9" ~ sf)ll~: 13.99 ~ ~ 4.77m<s~ I citl'-11'1 ~'1fl"cJpf \jjlcfPl'1'1 (~)~ 'fl'~~~1q111ii.-i ~=~~m~m mt ~ ~'qlf 19 >fftr~ &1lft '3TA cfif ic:1fjii 1.-i i I ~ 2001 (icfi Ji '1 fi €41 -q F[rn cfi cllT{lJT ~ -q 41ct1<41ct cfi ;a{lqJll'-1'1 ~~'WI' 'ff F[rn m-rft I
Transport is essentially looked upon as a service, though h has all its economic by-products. A sound transport policy will be a catalyst for the growth and economic development of the Region and also influence the direction of growth. The development strategy includes:
i) interconnection of regional centres among each other, and with the Capital by efficient and effective network system for free movement;
ii) provision of shortest and free movement network to inter-conned the maximum traffic attracting and generating urban nodes in the Region to diminish the centrality of Delhi;
iii) decongestion of Delhi roads and terminals by diverting the bypassable long distance through traffic;
7 .4 Policies and strategies
The objective of the transport plan is to promote and support the economic development of the Region and, relieve the Capital of traffic congestion. It is to provide accessibility to all the parts of the Region and discourage the transit of passengers and goods through the core area - Delhi by providing bypasses and thereby opening areas for economic development of the rest of the Region.
7 .3 Objectives
The goods traffic generation is explained more by economic activity base than population size. Accordingly, projections of goods traffic are based on employment in large, basic and small scale industry and indices of volumes of wholesale and retail trades. (Table 7.5). r
The share of intra-regional traffic will remain less (36%) compared to the bulk of inter-regional traffic. The share of Delhi will fall from 25% to about 15% by 2001. The goods traffic flows between the priority towns and OMA towns will go • up in future. Major traffic flows are expected with outside the Region. However, Ghaziabad, Faridabad and · Panipat show an increasing trend.
ii) Goods traffic projections
58
7 .4 ;ftftrqt o'qf ffl-.:ftftr<ft
q fl q t.1-1 QiT '31 f.=t q I <f~\"'Cf "ff l::;ch ffcIT ct ~ * tl'lf~ ~~I~~ ffl tfll"«f ~ '34lttll C: ~ ~ I l::;ch ~ qfl q tH ;fiftf f;r~ rn ( '3TifITT r.fffi rn) cfi fcrnm:: om ~ ~ cfi ~ ?r{urr cfiT ffl qi{lft '31R fcrnm:: cn'f ~ffl 'ch1' ,fi >f~ cntlft I ~ -.=ftm" -q- f.=t k!RI R9 a ~ ~ ~:-
i) f.fm~ '311 qpj Si '1 ct~ ~m;r om >f~I q chi (1 qflqt.111 WTITTftam ~~-ijm~~ om '{!'if~ t m:q ~~;
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iii) ~~tm~41a141a cfil'~'qf111am~ 'ch{ ~ c€I" ~ tr{ ~- ~ qilf cfi'GT;
ii) 'f\'~ imt'-c,lldi<Ud
lfrn lllctllllfl cn'l- ~ Ji'1<1@41 ct ~ ct ~ ~ cfirzf-cfiffitT cfi ~m-{ "ff ~ "fqlc
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zmr:~41a1<.11acfiT~~~rm-~ <.IH11<.llf1 cn'l-~* cfi1t (36 mff~)Eft~ I 2001 'ffcfi ~ cfiT ~ 2 5 >l'ftt'~ "ff cfilf IDcF{ ~~ 15 ~~ U? ~ I ~ clIB ~-;pm ;m{ ~ Sit.11'1'1{ ~ cl; ~-;pf{l tF ~ lTm' 41f11<.lla * ~*~'ITT~ I <ffi" ~ffl cn'f ~!fcf; ~"ff ~ 'lT ~~*ll'm'cfiT <.llclllllcl 'ITTTITI rr~, i11Rrt41a11c:, Cfi·l1c:1cs11~ '31R qi,:ftqa * lllfll<lfl * ~ ctl"~~~~I
·7.3 ~~
qfl q 6'1 ~ cfiT ~~<r ~ ct ~fcrcfirn'chl' ~ ~ om "3'ff ~ ~ ~ ~ -m-~ 'ch1' 41.ctl<.tlct ch(~-~ "ff "Tffi' nAr ~ I ~~cfi ~41f1141f1 ~~~~~. ~~ ct, "ff'lT 'qf1TI * '311 ti 1.ft "ff ~ ~ "ffcfi ~ ~ -+fll'f ~ 'ch{ '31R ~ Cfi(if <-4 ('=14 ~ ~ ct, fflqi fcrcfirn t~m~ ~~ cfiUcfi(" ~~-~"ff ffi<IT '3Tit +n('f t q fl q 611 'ch1' ,ft 6 a'1 ffi 1 ~a ~ % 1
59
FROM EAST
~,. FROM SOUTH
Flgure-:-10: Concept Plan for Transport Network
iv) provision of suitable fast sub-urban operating system for efficient and effective movement of commuters and for boosting up of the development of economic activities in the urban nodes of the Region; and
v) integration of road and rail network system in Delhi, OMA and rest of the Region with appropriate Inter-facing facili ties.
Fig. 10 dipicts conceptually the proposals.
iv) cfi~e.(tl cfi" ~~ ~~ ~~lclcfil<.'1 ~lclPl+Ft * ~"ff~~* "3"Cf ~ *m ~ ~ cfiT<f ~ * fc!q;ra cITT ~ ~ * rn-q; illg ~ cTim 34 9;cffl "3"CI"-~ ~ ~ ch'1" ~~-~
v) ~' ~, +lt21'1ll( ~ "ff~ ~~ ~ ~ 34$cffl "1(1((~161<1 (~.:e(qiftp1) "§fcrmct ~ q;d; ~ +ITT{" "ff~ & lITlf ~ cfiT ~ch1cfi{O( ~ 1
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.------ - - - - - -- - ----~-- ----~-- - ---- - --
On parallel alignments i) connecting Delhi-
Beyond 2001:
On parallel alignment i) between Delhi Ghaziabad-Modinagar-Meerut, and ii) between Sonepat-Panipat, and on new alignment iii) between Faridabad-NOIDA-Ghaziabad.
Upto 2001:
On the basis of evaluation of alternative road networks and also, expected role that railway system would play .in carrying additional passen ger traffic, the road network will include (Map 2).
a) Expressways on new/parallel alignments, b) Upqradation of existing National
Highways, c) Development of inner and outer grids,
and d) Sub-regional road network. a) Since the conversion of existing National
and State Highways to Expressways will face several constraints in terms of clearing the large built-up areas within the right of way and, also provision of a very large number of junctions/ crossings, particularly on the Delhi - Meerut and Delhi - Panipat corridors, development of Expressways (4-lane divided initially with full access control and all intersections grade separated) with 100 metre right of way on entirely new/parallel alignments have been proposed. The Expressway on a new alignment shall lead to sizeable savings in travel time, fuel cost and increased convenience of free and faster travel leading to an overall monetary savings of about 100% over and above the savings by improvement
• of existing road net-work, The three expressways have been proposed as follows:
i) Proposals for the road network
The transport plan study concludes that the existing transport system will be highly inadequate and ineffective to cope with the projected flow of traffic in the Region by 2001. To supplement the present transport network, the Plan proposes the following:
7 .5 Programmes and proposals
60
i) ~-111fvil!lcill~-sfli{).-i11{-~o cil ffl" -31T( ii) ttl-414a-41..n 4 a cil ~ tPIT"11~ -°fit"@lJT qr, -3tT( -.:ro: tit~ qr iii) (h<_lqtciltq-~-lllfvi lllcill~ ~ ~~I
2001 o'Qi:
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en) ;,i.f /.,.,...ti +lrTTI ....,11-='il.-,-{ "fit@"aT ( \:Si (1 I ~ ..q e) q"{ *~ - TfTlf ( Q,cR-l ~ ti ct;,)
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qf{q 121 ~ 0f~ cfiT ~ ~ fcfl ~!;hr~ 2001 ncfi RI wi H qftq 121 ~ ,1.mwm1 cil ~ ~ ~ ~!(<fcm110tl cfil" ~ ~ cfj IB,z tref l!IT ~cf~>f~m.ft-1 qcf+lH 4ftqt11 ~ cfft cfi+ft cfiT W cR~ cil mo:~ ~ ~ ~ Y f<1 ~ a ~~t- .
61
Smaller towns of the National Capital Region have been stagnating mainly because of their location in the shadow of bigger urban centres. However, their economy could be revitalised by providing suitable infrastructure facilities so that they act as link between the rural areas and the
d) Sub-regional road network
i) Strengthening and widening of existing alignment on Palwal-Sohana-Rewari Jhajjar, Rohtak-Gohana-Panipat, Meerut Hapur-Bulandshahr-Khurja-Palwal, Khurja - NCR boundary (south), Meerut-NCR boundary (north) and Bhiwadi-Tijara Kishangarh-Alwar stretches.
Outer Grid:
i) On new alignments to connect Murtha! to Baghpat, and
ii) Strengthening and widening of existing alignments on Rohtak-Sonepat-Murthal, Baqhpat-Meerut and Jhajjar-Gurgaon Faridabad stretches.
Inner Grid:
c) Development of an inner grid and an outer grid (2 lane initially with ultimate capacity of 4 lane divided highway) with 60 metre right of way.
b) Upgradation/widening of existing National Highways by 2001:
i) Development of Delhi-Gurgaon stretch to 6 lanes on NH-8,
ii) Development of Gurgaon-Behror stretch to 4 lanes on NH-8,
iii) Development of Ghaziabad-Hapur stretch to 4 lanes on NH-24,
iv) Development of Bahadurgarh-Rohtak-NCR boundary to 4 lanes on NH-10, and
v) Development of Faridabad-Hodal stretch to 4 lanes on NH-2.
Gurgaon-Rewari-Behror ii) between Delhi- Sonepat connecting the Sonepat-Panipat Expressway, and iii) connecting Delhi-Faridabad Palwal-Hodal, with a link to Faridabad-Ghaziabad Expressway and creation of additional capacity for traffic between Delhi and Faridabad.
-u) "3"4"-~~-1Jl1f~
~m~~ctUR~~~~"@f~
~ i)
200 1 t Gl"IG::
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~~:
--- --·-~- ~ -~--- --
Studies on transportation network for the Delhi Urban Area have established the need for creating new railway lines to bypass through traffic from Delhi Area. This has also been found necessary in those studies in order to release the existing capacity for the needs of sub-urban and daily commuters' traffic in the Delhi Urban Area. Such a Regional bypass would further give a tremendous boost to the economy of the Region by opening up of new areas and help in fulfilling the national objectives of movement of bulk goods. The study conducted by Operations Research Group was required to approach this issue from the narrow angle of the regional needs only and hence they found justification for the proposed bypass only beyond 2001. The Planning Committee and the Board have considered regional bypass passing through Meerut-Hapur-Bulandshahr-Khurja Palwal-Rewari-Rohtak arid Panipat to be essential to further the objectives of an integrated and balanced development of the Region, including the Delhi Urban Area. Part of this link already exists between Meerut-Hapur-Bulandshahr-Khurja and Rohtak-Panipat and, new lines are to be laid between Khurja-Palwal-Rewari-Jhajjar and Rohtak for about 205 km. The proposed rail link should also connect the newly emerging industrial towns of Bhiwadi and Dharuhera. It is understood that the Railway Board is already preparing a Techno-
a) Regional rail bypass
The projected total passenger traffic suggests a need to improve railway system. Accordingly a regional rail bypass and several improvements (Map 2) are envisaged:
ii) Proposals for the Railway network
bigger urban centres besides acting as service centres for the rural population. Efforts would be to inter-connect the same order centres directly and the lower order centres with their nearest higher order centres. A system of feeder roads of higher standard would be evolved to connect the work tontres and industrial estates with the nearest regional or sub-regional centres, This will be dealt in Sub-regional Plans in detail.
62
cfi) ~hr-~ ~ mt\" ITT<li~ qftq~-1-ol:fq{~t~~"B"
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·~"B"~"ff~~I
63
Regional Centres are to be developed on a priority basis by inducing their growth through economic activities. It is necessary to study the possibilities of extending air services to these towns through short distance carriers.
iii) Proposal for Air Ways
The existing network has a number of bottle necks which can be removed to create quite a large capacity in the rail network. The most important of them are:
i) The carrying capacity of existing passenger trains could be substantially increased by adding to the number of coaches,
ii) Creation of additional capacity in Delhi area by re-routing certain through trains,
iii) Rationalisation of movement of freight traffic to Punjab/Haryana to avoid their concentration in Delhi at present,
iv) Elimination of existing bottlenecks on short stretches by providing additional facilities such as: provision .. of an additional pair of lines on Palwal-Faridabad-Delhi section, laying of a single Broad gauge line between Delhi-Rewari-Alwar, addition of a line to the single line between Muradnagar and Meerut Cantonment and electrifying the entire section, and an additional pair of lines between Delhi Ghaziabad and Khurja
v) Development of terminal facilities at four locations in accordance with the Master Plan for Delhi 2001.
vi) After the implementation of the above proposals for augmentati<n of the rail network, the following Priority Towns and towns in the OMA would not have a rail link. Studies should be carried out to ascertain justification of such rail links: 1) NOIDA 2) Kundli
b) Suggested improvements
Economic Feasibility Study for the new lines which would further help in establishing its need.
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ii) ~ ttt~ ~ ~$ lffl'f ~ -qft-+-.q~J-'1 m ~ lfT1'if tr{ '-11 fa ft cffi !fflfffi Gf"'1T'1T I
iii) ~/6ft;q1011 cnl'~"Jl'R~+rri!1'cfiql\'1141c1 col' $fl fc;, ~ ~ ~ ffl q ffli l'1 cfi9" ffl ~ tf ~ °JfR "fl"~ ficfi-itOI "fl" ~ ~ "fl"cfi,
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S- - • - ---~ ------~----
- - - - ---- -- ------- - ·-- --
The existing outer ring and ring road in Delhi which are the main arteries for dispersal of regional traffic will not be able to effectively cope with collection and dispersal of inter-urban traffic in the future. Similar will be the problem in rail network in catering to the needs of the future passenger and goods movement. This suggests the need for another concentric ring of a limited access type and preferably not having any major points of origin/destination for the regional traffic along it.
The integration of the regional network with that of urban area network specially for Delhi should be examined from the point of view of accessability to the four integrated metropolitan passenger terminals and freight complexes
Year Pass en- Buses Goods Total ger vehicles vehicles
1987 53890 25370 77320 156580 (100%)
2001 92270 42400 149500 284170 (100%)
The foregoing proposals are primarily based on the inter-urban movement requirements in the Region. Another important component of transport flows is intra-urban movement. The synthesis which would be required between the two can only be achieved through a proper planning of inter-facing fadlities. The two major points for consideration are:
a) the effects of the inter-urban move- ments on intra-urban circulation pattern, and
b) the consequent need for new terminals, if any.
The problem of circulation is mainly expected to be felt in Delhi rather than in other centres of the Region, because most of the other towns would be served through a bypass road (as proposed) which would mitigate the problem of through traffic. The projected daily traffic by 2001 which would use Delhi's network will be 144% more than the existing traffic:
iv) Inter-facing
64
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rn<r nr-~ cfiT ~m't ITT ch'1" nr-~ c1, m:?.T, fcf~~ wr ff ~ c1, ft;rQ: ~ ~ cfrn" Q&;) ch{ 01 ch'1" ~ ~ ~ ~ 2001 ~ J.1 Rl I R:t a ~ Q~qia it e\1'1l1£lll -re~ :311{ 1ffi1 cfilAl<>icRfl',
qt( ~ am 1tIB ~ ~ ~
1987 53890 25370 77320 156580 (100%)
2001 92270 42400 149500 284170 (100%)
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cFi) m-~ ~1q1i1it-1 cfiT ~: ~ 4 ft ii rn '1 4 ft 4 I e1 'C!'t >f'lTI'cf, ~
'@) ~ qfto11itt<1~4 <fR ~ "R~A'T ch'1" 3Ticr~~ "ITT fil '3tfcfiT fclq{OI I
. ~ 3TT~TT ch',- ~ ! fcn q ft 'i:ll c.1 '1 ch',- ~ ITT cf, ~ m ch'1" ~~ ~ wr ff~~ m ~ ch'1" ~" ~ ~~ 31"~ .:fll"{T cfiT cfiTlf ~ '3'4" lfTlfrr~t (<r~ J.1R11rctc1 )'il"c.1"~, ~m~ £11 c1 I ll I a cf>'1" tflfFIT cfiT 'fflITm;:f "ITT ~ I 2 00 1 "ffcfi fflW(i ~ £11 c1 Ill I a, aj- ~ cf>'1" ~-lff<f ~ cfiT ~ cfit.Tr, ~ l.@lllll'l t 44% ~mTTTI
~ cfiT.~ -~~~ch',- fj-~;an cfir 3l"~cnGIT~t I
65
The problems of Regional transport in the NCR are of a varied nature. At present, various transport authorities/agencies are responsible for planning, development and managing transportation facilities and services. They operate, in large parts of this Region independently of each other. This results in avoidable long journey time, and more expenditure. The responsibilities for providing transport facilities and enforcement of rules and regulations are often fragmented and vague. The agencies charged with such responsibilities need to be strengthened and, a coordinating agency needs to be constituted with representation of various transport authorities, which would coordinate and take an overall and integrated view of the total. transportation system in the Region. This agency will be for the entire Region, having a long term goal of planning and development of a co ordinated network of transport services.
The recommendations contained in the Draft Regional Plan-2001 and the Interim Development Plan for setting up of a unified Regional Transport Authority for the NCR was referred to, by the Ministry of Urban Development, to the Task Force which went into the question of MRTS and similar Authority for Delhi. However, no recommendation in this regard has been made in the report of the Task Force. An earlier attempt by the Ministry of Surface Transport to achieve effective co ordination through inter-State Transport Commission under Section 63-A of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 on a much bigger scale has also not met with much success. There is no other
v) Integration of transport services
proposed in Delhi Master Plan 2001, which will also serve OMA.
These terminals and complexes should be along the proposed concentric ring and, also connect the existing outer ring road so that the inter urban traffic would flow either through these regional roads or proposed expressways and, follow the proposed ring upto its metropolitan passenger terminals/freight complexes. It would branch off using the existing connections nearest to the proposed terminals/complexes and to the proposed ring. Similarly, in other important urban nodes of the Region, the terminal facilities would need to either drastically expand their existing facilities or go in for suitably located new terminals.
~m-~ !lh-~ !flm 4RA?i'1 ~ fiJ.tf<.IIQ, ~~m~~I cntii1.:i ~qftq5.:i-~m~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~, ~ fcrctirn o::rr ~l:f ~ r~·P·ii ~1 a fcw:r.:., q R q 6'1 ~ / QJl·m q,· ~ !i~W!lh'~~~T~~~~"ff~q ~~"ff ffl cfi'CTfT ~ I ~ qft 011 J.t ~mill!~ mrct ~~mm~~ m WPl o~ ~ m ~ ~ %, ~ ~ ~ 'Rqi'c'1T ~I qftcJ6'1 w,mi:t ~ cnB cfi'1" f;;p.it~1f{21i ~ Hlll-fr ~ rcif-t q J.tl cfiT ~ cfiB ct~ >frlr: ~ ~ ~ m'ff ~ I ~ QJl'fB <fl' ct mT ~ fJt ~ q I ft ll i maT ~'~~~~!~~~B+f~ ~ qiT TfcFr ~ 1ft ~ !, ~ funr-;,, qftq 6'1 ~ cf>T ~ "ITT "JIT B+f~ cf>T cfiPl cfitm ~ "JIT !lh- cfi'1" ~ q ft cJ 6'1-~ cli >ITif ~ 'fi1l1J o~ Q~'tic'1 ~ ~4'11cfi{ cfiT<f cotlft I~~°% !lh' cli ~ mrft ~ ~ ~ 'QJIT cft i:fchtfc;\ cfj ~~ "ITTTIT, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cm (~) qftq 6'1 ~~ cfil .ttJ.tR a ~ cfi'1" ~ ~ ffi cfi{Tft ~ c'1 ~I jfll { ~ fucfiIB cotlft I
. ~ \l'ff~ !lh- cli ~ ~ t1~fcha ~ qftq5-1 ~ (l!)ri411~s {lJi'1(>1 <;:ifi4le. ~~)cfil~cli~ !flm~-2001 cfi m~ o~ ~ fucfiIB ti q I Ji '11 ~ cft' ~ ffi Lfi I ft ~T ~ffitT fucfiIB +f~ em ~ ~ (clfchlh14) cfiT ~<1{~,~~cli~~o~otto~o o~~~cli~urcfi'l"~cli>l'~°'1'tf{~ ~1 o~ ~ ~ (clfchlh1A) cfi'1" fti:fti ~ w *1'~ ~ th1W firq,Jft~ .:ml"~ l1{ ! I ~ ~ ~-~ qf{q5-1 tj::11{>1<.l ~ 'flm cfTR ~' 1939 cfil
m ~ J.t51,·P1{ !lh- cli ~ m 3qq'1~n mlt, ~ ~cfiT~~"{~cfi"{"cfi'l"~~I
<t te~ ~ cti1 i.q ~ cm t1 ifi~a ftrr ( cti-fl ~cti WT) cli mer-mer~~~~ <t ~ m-ro WT m ir 1ft ~ ~ffifcn ~ ~ q 1ct1 <-1ia cf>T ~ I q I ~ I J.t '1 <IT ill ~ tf6cfiT "ff "ITT Wfi <IT !H"*1 I Rl c'1 ~~ lIT1lf "ff" ~ <t !.I RI 1'fq c'1 ftrr 'c'1cfl ~ "3"Wfi J.t 61'1~I(14 <ITTfi 'R~ /ctil J.4 (>) cffi1. ~ !.I RI I fq l'1 ftrr ~ f.:icfic:.(iJ.t ~-ricf>T >l<nlT ~~~"ITT ~I~ m, W !lh-~ ~ J.t 5rq '!_or ~nr(tcfurr ~tE~cfil~~~F3IT~<ITfil~~ cfi"{'1T ~ "ITTTIT <IT fen{. 34 $&a ~ tr{ '1<l 'R~R ~fillTI
0
0
provision in the Motor Vehicles Act which could enable the setting up of such Authority. Nor does NCRPB Act has any such provision. An Authority for the Region could therefore be set up either through fresh Legislation under Clause (i) of Article .252 of the Constitution with the corisent of the participating States or, through a Resolution of the Board itself which obviously would be of a non statutory nature. It is felt that in the present situation, only this course of action of setting up of an Authority or any other co-ordinating Body through a Resolution of the Board would be achievable.
mu 63-cfi ~ ~~ ~ m-~ qflqtF1 ~ ~ lTT~ ~ qifqft u ~ ~ ~ ~m-ij aj ~~f q &,1 {1 fi'l.tjq ~qifffl~~,~~~ ~ filh{>ldl -ttft ~ I ~ ~ ~ -ij tr:m" cfiW ~ ffiq'-lfif -ttft t ~ ~~ (tff ~ctft"~qft~~m-1~~~ mqr;fi·~ ~ ~ ~ -ij ~ m fficf'-TR !1 ~= ~ ~t~M ~ ~ ~ 'q'f m m'-TR ~ ~ 252 ~ ~ (1) ~ ~~ ~cqrlft uaj ~ ~ ~ qft ~ ~ t 'q'f
fw~~m~muqft~~t aj-~: ~~qif~'IDltTl~~~~i fcfi qff'lr~ ~ -ij ~~~~mu~ M ~ 'q'f M ~ fi'l .tj qcfi1f1 ~ qft ~qft~~!i
67
8.1 Telecommunication is a vital and essential infrastructure for socio-economic development. It can replace to a large extent the personal travel and as such, can become very cost effective. Tele communication services could be complementary to other investments in the development process which enhances the productivity and efficiency in other sectors.
Provision of telecommunication facilities assumes a special importance in the context of the NCR, where not only decentralisation of economic activities is envisaged from the metropolis to areas outside but also induced development of the priority towns. These towns are proposed to be developed with a diversified economic base where secondary and tertiary sectors will form the dominant economic activities. These sectors are much more dependent on telecommunication services. Moreover, Delhi, the mother city will continue to remain in the centre of decision making and, a window to the outside world and, telecommunication links shall provide the means of information so necessary for business decisions.
In the 8 priority towns/complexes identified for priority development, the existing telecommuni- · cation facilities are inadequate in terms of their capacity and sophistication of technology. Some of the existing facilities have out-lived their design life and, are unreliable and inadequate. An overview of the existing telecom facilities in the OMA and priority towns shows that the existing capacity varies from 100 to 7600 lines whereas the wait listed demand ranges from 3 to 7585, the maximum being in Faridabad as of 1987 (Table 8.1).
The telex facilities are available only in a very limited number of towns such as Faridabad, Gurgaon, Panipat, Alwar, Meerut, Ghaziabad and NOIDA and their capacities are expected to be augmented by the end of the Seventh Plan when a few more OMA and priority towns of the Region like Rohtak, Rewari, Bhiwadi, Palwal, Hapur and
8.1 ~ ~ till=ll~cfi-~ fcrcfi'ffi t ~'Q;'qi l=l fi fc.1 io f ol!ff '1i f.-1 ci 1,:{ lfTup:r ~ I ~ cfif1tt ~ i,qi
o1.1 fcfn i I a 1ITT!l' cfif ~ ~- 'flcfim ~, '*°: ~ m1TI!" $ tITT: ~ ~ >1"~ ID" "RcfrnT t I ~ "ITTlK flcITCt ~ cn'l" ~ ii ~ 1Pft" mm cm '31 j_i(cn m 'flcfiffi ~-~~~~ii '3~1~chc'11 -a-m "chl<f ~
8.2 In order to achieve the objectives, the long term proposals for 2001 AD are:
i) full automation of telephone services, ii) replacement of all life expired exchanges
and related accessories, iii) provision of telephone and telex facilities
practically on demand, iv) extension of subscribers dialling facilities
to OMA and priority towns. v) connection of priority and OMA towns
with Delhi by reliable cable or radio media,
vi) provision of reliable trunk services either by direct dialling or through demand services among the priority towns and OMA towns,
vii) extension of telegraph office facilities to all the towns as may be justified; and
viii) replacement of all the manual and mechanical exchanges in Delhi as well as other towns of the Region by electronic exchanges.
As the telecommunication facilities are as important as other community facilities, the planning and development agencies should take note of the proposals so as to provide adequate land in appropriate locations for provision of these facilities right at the planning stage.
It would be desirable that for smooth services, a separate electricity feeder to the telephone exchanges and underground ducts in Delhi and other big towns of the Region for telephone cables for their safety and better maintenance are provided.
Bulandshahr are likely to be covered (Table 8.2).
The priority towns are to be developed faster so as to absorb more economic activities and thus to attract the Delhi bound potential migrants to the extent of 19 lakhs by 2001 A.O. For an effective realisation of this goa!, and development of economic activities especially relating to industries, trades and commerce, telecommunication facilities would be essential. Moreover, in order to make the priority and OMA towns as attractive as Delhi in respect of provision of employment opportunities .. and standard of living, the facilities in these towns should be made comparable to that of Delhi.
68
8.2 Fr ~ro cFt ~ cfi ft;i"~ ~ >ffilTcf ~ ~!:-
i) e.c-ft 1fll '1 'ffcfT-3IT cf>1 ~ f<-1 il I Rio ~; ii) ITT Q,cffi'i:XJ11· ~cm:htdt A ti ;q cfi 3qcfi{u11·
cITT ;;ft q '11 q fq ~ 'ITT lf<ft' ~, '3"'1' tf 'm qi]' cil~<1'11;
iii) e.eflq-,1-1 ~ McfH-cFt W'f~ o/.lltjQiftcfi ~ ~ +WT 'Cf{' ~ cg.:rr;
iv) '311~ mu sl.!l~ll cITT ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~QHll{ ~cfi'11fCTnm~qffi ~~™cg.:rr;
v) ~ cfrn" om~ ~t1-111{ ITT cfi '311 ~T qi]' fu~q A .:ft l1 ~ zrT ~ lIT~ mu~c1;m~~;
vi)· ~cfrn"'311°'11TCT~~ ~tHll{ ITT , cfi '311 °'11TCT cfi ffl mit :g I ;q ~ 11 mu zrT +fflf - 'ITTIT'31T mr fu~q A .:ft ;q ~ ffcTilt ™ cg.:rr;
vii) tf'm ~ .,lfCT ~ ~ cfi ~ 'fff{ 'q"{
~m-m 'cfiT fc:mfR ~; om viii) ~ ~ ~ ITT cfi ~rt!' '311 ~ ~ "A"m
t«iilR-l<i om~ ~w cfi ~ 'Cf{'
$<.>lcf'<;:l~cfi Q,cfff61.Jl ™ I ¥ ~ tfiTf{ cITT ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~
m~~lfllcfi ~m-m ct mm ~Qfcl'~of ~, ~: ~ o2IT ~ c:i:S1Tt1211· cn1" Fr mmcrr cnt m ~ ~~~mfcfi~~WTq"'filF\" ~qff;aJT cm-~ cfi ~ ~qn' ~'Cf{'~
·~~~cITT~~I ~ ~ f.:rmq ~* ITT "lffi ~~~ m-m
fui eA, Lh 1-1 t_tcffi +hrr i fwt ~ Rt ~ a 1,1 c; 1 ;q cfi (~(qcf{IR-\~ ~)cFt~cFt~om~~ w ITT cfi ~ .:rm ~ em ·-ti1 -1 cfi ~ cfi ITT
~CT,~ ci!t1~{11¢, ~,~~~A ~~~>RRcFt~ (a1Ricfi1 8.2)1
~ qffi ~ qif fcfchrn cftg <Tfu ff ~ ~fflcfm~~cfi14'cfi<11q ~~~ ~ ~ I ~ ~!Ff cITT ~PW:l cfil (1 ?;<T ~ mfq cfi f~rQ, ~ fu~N ~ff~' ~ ~ q1fa1J'<l ff~ ~ cfil <.f cfi<1 I q'j cfi fc:rcfin:f cfi ~ ~ -'frqf{ ~m;m 'cfiT ~ ;aJ f.:t q I l{ WlT I ~ '11 Rl ft cffi , ~cfi~~~n~~~&cli ~q~~cn#~'11fCTo~~~tl'1ll{ ~cfi ~~qij'~cfimm~~*~ ~ '311 ;,rm~ q'fil W'f~ ~ ~ ~, m ~ ~~~!1
69
8.4 The Department of Telecom is in the process of formulating their broad objectives for the Eighth Five Year Plan (1990-95). These objectives are mainly for further boosting up of telecom services both in quality and quantity. This will benefit the NCR towns also in a big way. The broad objectives are:
i) All worn out equipment in the telephone exchanges having 25 years service upto 1.4.90 to be replaced.
ii) All manual exchanges to be replaced by automatic exchanges.
iii) All Sub-divisional and Tehsil headquarters to be provided with STD facilities and to be connected to the national network by reliable transmission media.
iv) All exchanges of capacity of 500 lines or more as on 1.4.90 are to be provided with STD facility. An effort will be made to cover all NCR priority towns even with lesser capacity than 500 lines, specially industrial urban areas such as Bhiwadi-
8.3 During the Seventh Plan (1985-90), the Department of Telecommunications have the following national obiectiyes to meet the demand and addition and allocation of direct exchange lines (DEL) for the corresponding switching capacity.
i) To meet the average demand upto 30.9.1986 in all the metro and major telephone districts and the demand upto 1.4.87 in MAX·!, upto 1.4.88 or MAX-II, and upto 1.4.90 for MAX'.III or manual exchanges in all the minor districts of telephone circles.
ii) To provide telex connections practically on demand by 1.4.90.
iii) Connecting all the district headquarters to main trunk network through atleast one reliable media.
iv) To connect all exchanges having capacity larger than 1000 lines through a reliable media to the National network.
According to the information collected from Department of Telecom (DOT) (Table-8.1), 11 stations namely Fartdabad-Bahadurqarh-Gur gaon- Dharuhera- Palwal-Alwar- Bhiwadi -Ghazia bad-Loni-NOIDA and Khurja will be provided with exchanges equipped with latest technology by the end of the Seventh Five Year Plan.
8.4 ~ 'ffit'K fcr~ '3lTocfi tj ii cl t:ffq m.:iT (1990- . 95) cfi ~ ~ ~ ~ro cfiT f.:r~ m- cfi'l' ~corm~,~~~~@lct41~-~~m3IT cfi &Jl::11,'-Jcfi ~ 'JOlq'al ~ ~m{" cfiT ~ 11 ~ n$UJi~ ~cfi";flTU~~.ffl1,"ITT1Tf I~~ ~ff~~~~~fft:-
i) e:{>f)q,1i1 Q,cffii1'1111' ~ 'ff'qT ~ ~ ~ +l'~fR'tt cf 'ff+l'R ~ 1.4.90 ~ 25 ~ it m ~ !, cfiT iijq(>fi-11;
ii) 'ff'qT 6 RI it I fu a C!,4ft ii' ;;f)' col" tq it I fu a Q4flil'JJ"i ml ii!q<:>li-11;
iii) "B"ifl' '3"CT ~ o~ a12m<1 :!@1<1<.1 tfl "~ o ito tr o " cfi9" tfcrm t,r n~ ~ u$' ~ ff ii<.1fliiq ~ m~ ff ~;
iv) ~ 'ff~ T'T'!:Q4ft~'i:x 111,,+1 ~ ~ 1.4.90 'd'cfi !lPTIIT SOO~<lr~~m~%,
. 8.3 ~ tjtjqt{fq ~ (1985-90) cfi ~ ~nh:11 ( fcr'qTlf ~ lWT qfj- lffi" o~ m~ C!,i:ffi -cl 111 ~ (mo~o~o) cfif.:rffl" o~ ai~1a<l cfiTffl ~ ~ tJ"{ ~~ f.:r~ ~ i aj- ~~ff !:
i) 'f!"'4t ·~" o~ "~ e:Ziflq,1i1 05%cfc" ~ 30.9.1986 ~ qft- ~ ajly qfl- lffi" o~ e;R)q,1i1 ~ cfi "fftft° "~ ~%cfc" ~ 1.4.87~"~-I", 1.4.88~~-Il.o~ 1. 4. 90 'd'cfi Wffi -III <lT "~zm;r C!,cffi 'cl 111 " q1'f
~m-;,; ii) 6qlqt11T{cfi ~fflWTtJ"{ l.4.90'd'cfi "~"
~ cfi'l' tfcrm ~; iii) 'f!"tft° frTm :!@I i.>11.ll cfiT ~ ~ ~ ff
qi1T ff cflll" ~ "i <.1 A .:i ~ m~ ITT{!'~ 1 iv) ~'ff'4TQ,cR1'i:htY~m1000~
B"~~~n$~ff~<.1A4q 1IT~ff~I
~ ~ fcr~ ff qcn\"31 a ~ lfW ~ cfi a, fu cn1 8.1 tJ"{ '6i cl (>11 cfii-i ~ ff Wo 'ITTlll' fcfi mocff tj il q tS/Tl.l ~ cfi ~ 'd'cfi 11 R~R f;r;,ct .,-pr lfi<l q I iii I q, <i161~('1¢, lj~11ic11 ~l(<:i~~I, ~,~, ~. i11f'J11.1tii11t:, m;:Ft, ~cf'm~-g~ 3ll~&ia.:i acn.ftcfi1 tJ"{ ~mftf Q,cfflilJfi ~ ~cs£f ~ m q,'\'~~I
D
Dharuhera and MIA-Alwar for STD facility.
v) All industrial growth centres, tourist and pilgrimage places to be provided with STD Pay-Phone Facility.
vi) Providing telex connections practically on demand. r
vii) All district headquarters to be provided with Telex Public Call Offices(PCO), and
viii) All Telex exchanges to be of electronic types.
In addition to these, fallowing new services have also been envisaged by the DOT during the Eighth Plan:
i) Penetration of data services under the project VIKRAM (opening of more· nodes) tele-tax, video-tax, telefax and electronic mail to be increased.
ii) The delivery of telegrams within 12 hours from 500 Central Telegraphic Offices(CTO)/Departmental Telegraphic Offices(DTO) to be expanded to cover more number of CTO and OTO.
On the basis of likely level of economic activities in the priority towns and the OMA towns, the telecom demand has been projected by the Ministry of Communications and targeted to be achieved in three successive phases namely by 1990, 1995 and 2000 AD coinciding with Seventh. Eighthand Ninth Five Year Plans (Table 8.3). However, necessary adjustments should be made in the plan provisions wherever possible, to accelerate the achievement of these objectives. The Board shall be separately identifying the sub regional centres in the Sub-regional plans to be prepared by the participating States. The telecommunication needs of these centres would be then taken up with the Department of Telecommunications for adequate provisions in their plans.
70
D
tJ,tl" o it o ~ o ~m ~ q,{,,T I ~ UJr~ ~ ~ tr~ m -;pro cm- ~m ~~ ml" ~T~ ml"~ I Q,rr .,Tf"(T~ 1=ft~ 5oo~cn'1- ~~;,mm~ ~' ©mcfh: qr~€l1i11i:fi~~:~, ~q~o~o~o-~~;
v) tr~ '3\iEllfllch ~ ~' ~ ~ ~ (~ ~ 'tJ.tl" 0 it Ott O -it-1:RA"' cF\" ~m >!GR cn'1- ~;
vi) &llcli§lf{i:fi ~ ff lfTTf qr"~" m~R cF\"~m~~;
vii) tr~ ~ ~€<-IIW:f\" qr fllcfJlf.:li:fi ~ i:fil<lfwn (tftotfto~) cFl" ~m cft" ~;
viii) tr1=ft ~ Q,cftlifJt ~(>)ajf.'li:fi ~ qr '3\T~ "ITT1T I
d4llc:ffi "§fcfmm ct ~"c:ffi" e:(>11•-ti'H fcrmir -;i '3\Tocff 4 ii ct tff<i ~ cn't ~ ~ f.:t ki ~ R9 a ~ 'ffctl'3\T i:fiT ~ ~ ~: -
i) ~ "~" cfi <i"ITTf "~-tcftl-", "fcl f>s<il-tcftl-", "~-q)cRf" "ff~ "~cl ~lf.:t cf> ~"i:fiT~~-
ii) "ffR cfi 12 ~ cfi m'soo ~ ctl{tl{l'/ Fc:r~ "ffR w -?r ~ ~ cn'1- "efqm i:fiT ~~~"fff{U"{Tqfcr~ oR'cRT~~I
tTilIT 4 5\1~ <l IDU ~ UJt"~ ~ cfi m ~q~SH?l .. iJl{~cfi~~tf~~ ~ cm- '3\T~ ~ ~ ~ cn'1- ~m'3\T ~ i:fiT ~~ ~ t "ff~ ~ m- cfi (>f"~ cfiT ~ 1990, 1995 "ff~ 2000 ~ "JlT "fmf"cff, ;anocff · ~ .:rcff fflffl ~ cfi ~ ~ m-it, ifR ~~~fcr~cg~~(c11rncfi1 s.3),-a-~ ~ cfiiftT~T ~ ~ ~ fcfi" ~ ~~,n ~ m&f cfil" lTrn cfiT ~ 1=ft ~ 7iIT<l" I U$ UJt"m-fi ~ ~ ~ &Rl' ~~ "ff '311 ~ cfjzj i:fiT ~' '311 ~ ~'311 "JJT tmft ~ fl{i:fil~J' &Rl' ~ ~'~"ff~ ~I~ cfjzj ~ ~ ~ '3\Tq~<fcfm"f'3\T~ ~cfi ~ ~ JITq~cfiT~ ~:m·~ mfl:rn"~ ~~~~ e:~1%1'1 fcrmirff ffi~~I
71
a) Delhi UT: The maximum demand for power in Delhi has already reached 968 MW (August, 1986). The present availability of power to the DESU from its own source? is limited to about 200-250 MW from I.P. station. A gas turbine generator with an installed capacity of 180 MW has already been commissioned in November, 1986, which will take care of the peak load requirement of Delhi. The Badarpur Thermal Power Station (BTPS) supplies 400-450 MW to Delhi. The DESU
ii) Power supply position: 1986-87
a) Existing: The National Capital Region falls in the Northern Power Zone and has in operation six power generating stations-five thermal and one gas fired. Three stations are in Delhi UT run by the Delhi Electricity Supply Undertaking (DESU) and the rest three in the Haryana portion of the NCR, two run by the Haryana State Electricity Board (HSEB) and one by the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC). The aggregate installed capacity of these generating stations is 1834.1 MW (1987).
b) Under construction: Of the five power plans with the total installed capacity of 1665.3 MW under construction, three are thermal, one micro hydel and, one nuclear type (Table 9.1). 815 MW of power would become available from four plants within the Eighth Plan. Thus, the total installed generating capacity by the end of 1995 in the NCR would be around 2644 MW.
i) Power generation
Electricity, one of the most important forms of energy, is the life-blood of modern society. It is indispensable for any development whether industry or agriculture, and for improving the living standards of the people.
9.1 Background
ii) ~-iffr cJft ~: 1986-87
cfi) ~ ~ ~ ~: ~ ~ ~ $1" ~ lfTlT ~ ti" 968 'irocfTo (3flffil, 1986) tfcfi ~ ~ %, ~t irn:r mmmn~ $1" cfd~H ~~ ~ ~ ~~ 200-250 'ii' o cfT o 'ffcfi mm-! I 180 'ij' o cfT o qi't- ~ ~ cfTffi lJ;cfi 1itf-~ J\ 'i < e.{ ~, 1986 ~ ~ fcnm 'JfT ~ !, aj- ~ ~ ~ ~ 'qf{ t ~ $1" ~~"lfc'frnT 'cfil' ~ cnt1TT I ~ oTG' ~
cfi) Pc:IEi+\lii-~:~~m;ft ~"3'nD ~~~~~"*~U:~JMIGtj ~' trM:r (Til:f ~ ~ey lJ;cfi 1itf-Ji:l1ff!a ~ cfil1l cf){
r%i1~~~~~mR(~)GJCT ~ ~ qffi" R~~· w:i- ~ m~-! "* ~N ~ u~ ~m,ft ~ t t'ift;q1011 qffi" ~ ~ t ~, 'ff m mt<ITOTI ~ ~ ~ ( ~ o lJ;tf o tom o )GJCT "* lJ;cfi -;i-~~ ~ qrq-z cfil{4i{~R (q:;,-o~orftotfro) GJCT~~i I~ ~ 3MIGtj cfim $1" ~ ~ ~ 1834.1 'irocfTo (1987) !1
· ~) f.:t+4fo11m.;: 1665.3 'irocfTo $1" ~ ~ ~ 'c:fIB ~ ii fo11 tft.:r ~~~~'ff ~ (Til:f ~ i, lJ;cfi ~ ~ rn t ;aw lJ;cfi ~~%(a1ft,icfi19.1)1 ~<lnRT~~ R"ffi 'ff 815 'irocfTo ~~~"ITT ~I~ WcfiR ~ ~~ ~ ~ 199~ t ~ ''(fcfi ~ ~ 3M I G tj ~ ~'ipf 2644 'ii' o cfT o m-rft I
i) ~-3NIG.ii
9.1 ~~
~ m ~ cfiT lJ/-o. ~ lfl'i('cl.iuf ~ %) ~~ ~ $1" ITTUf-~ ! I <ffi fcRfi" ~ fclcorn cf, ft;nz, $~~"ITT m ~ "* mmct ~ - 'Rf"{ cfil" ~ <if"fR, tfi ful:J; ~ q fh~ I 4 ~ I
POWER DEVELOPMENT
9
----·~--- ------- - ------
has also a share in the Centrally spar.sored schemes like Singarauli Super Thermal Power Station, Bairasiul Hydro Power Station and Sala! Hydro Power Station. During 1986-87, Delhi UT required 5676MU against which the supply was 5674 MU-a shortage of only 2 MU or 0.04%.
b) Haryana: Haryana, in addition to receiving power from its own generating stations, receives power from Bhakra Nangal complex, Dehar and Pong power houses under Bhakra Beas Management Board (BBMB), Bairasiul Hydel station and I.P. Station(Delhi) to meet its demand. In Haryana, during 1986-87, against the requirement of 5945 MU of energy, only 514 7 MU was available and thus there was a shortage of 13.4% which reflects the power position of the Sub- . ' region also.
c) Rajasthan: Rajasthan's power demand is met by the generating stations owned by the Rajasthan State Electricity Board, the BBMB system, Singarauli Super Thermal system and the neighbouring states. In Rajasthan, against the requirement of 8090 MU of energy, 7 448 MU was available during 1986-87, and thus, there was a shortage of 7.9%. However, due to some preferential treatment to the industrial areas of Alwar and Bhiwadi, shortage of electricity has been a minor constraint.
d) Uttar Pradesh: Uttar Pradesh receives power from the integrated grid of the Uttar Pradesh Power System and the Northern Regional Grid. The Uttar Pradesh Power System is being operated in synchronisation with the Northern Region Grid comprising Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan and part of Madhya Pradesh. Against the requirement of 20204 MU, the supply was only 17198 MU during 1986-87; thus, there was a shortage of 14.9% in the State.' Once again, the towns and industrial areas at Ghaziabad and NOIDA have been getting a preferential treatment in respect of power supply.
Month-wise energy shortage during the period April, 1986 to March, 1987 shows that except Delhi, the other States of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh faced energy shortages throughout the year. However, the position of Rajasthan was comparatively better than that of Haryana and Utter Pradesh.
72
iii) ~~~q;f~
1985-86 t mR ~ ~ ~ "©"1IB 7 530
~ tm o tr o tft o ~ o ) 4oo-4so if o qf o ~ ch9' ~ ~ cfiT cfiWf ~ I ffi 11 (h.fl ~ ffi 1lTcR ~~' ~<1tie1 ~lTicf(R~~~~ tffcR R~R ~ W &TU !.11 lllfi:ii a min~~ coT m mm! 1 1986-87 i mr,, ~ ~ ~TTIBo ITT cfil" 5676 ~o~o ~ ~~~'~TI' 5674 ~oto ~~~~~,w~~2 i::i;:ro:io i51'~ 0.04% ~ cnlft uft I
"©") aft:41011: tir1:41011 ~ lW1" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ JNl~-1-cITTCT ff ~ ~ ~ cfi '31 Rl n: cffi ~ ajTr-ff cfil ~ (>) cffi , ~ tixITTl" ~~ ~ (eft0efto1Zlfoefto) $ ¢fqr;f W ~ tlTlT ~ -m:T ~~~ff~~ cfiD'fT !1 tif1:41011 ~ 1986-87 $~~ 59451Zlfoio ch'1" '3ITcf~clftwr.n~~ 5147 t:1;10~0 ~~ ~~~ ~w~ 13.4%~cfi1'.frm ~~'31r ITT clft ~ ch'l- ~ ~ '4r wrn cfiUft" i I
TT) ~:~~~tJ-m~ ~ ~ m $ dNl~-1 cfurr, eftoeftot:1;1oefto ~' ff! ll{"'1<.>f1 §1R ~ ft:R:cll, ~ ~ uaj &TD ~ t1° ~!I m{~ ~ 1986-87 if; mR 8090 ~o\o ~ ~ 3Tfq~ ~ ~· ~
7448~0\0 ~~~~-am~WfiR7.9% ~ cn+ft" w I o~ ~ ~ ~ * -311 enfl1 cfi ~ cfit·~ fcr~hf m~fttchat ~ t mur ~ ch', cfi+ft ctt- ~ ~ ~ ~m ~ oo I
~) ~ ~~T: ~ JR~, ''m ~~ fcrga" ~,, t Q.chl~a m ir n~ ~ .~ fw ir ~ "ITT"1o" cfiD'fT ! I "J"m JR~~ $f cfiT q ft 'i:l I(>! '1 ~~mcfltliisMOI (~~)R~ "JfT 00 t W ftrs ~ ~-'ql~+ffi:", ~' ffiill'i:lM ~~T, t:?ftlllOII, ~' ~~+T~~~TcfiT~ 'qpT ~rrt,:n;ri 11986-87 $~ 20204 ~oio ctl" '3llcf~t1°~~·W17198~o~o clft ~, W ~ ~ ~ 14.9% ctl" cn+ft" ufr I lll fJJ '41 Gil~ '1lT{ ~ ~ '31r m' ~ ;mE.11fl1 cfi ~ cfiT ~ -~ $ ~~ ~ fcr~Pl ID~ f1:l cfia I cft ~rm!1 m, 1986BlITTf, 19s1~~too,=r+:fTii"
q((~ qft cn+ft" t ~ff~ q-ar~ !fcn~ cfiTBl:Sch{ 6Rlll011,~~~~~~~qif ~~cfilft"ufio~~~6R:.tt1011 ;am '3m~~clftWAT~~~I
TOTAL
D DOMESTIC
• COMMERCIAL
• INDUSTRIAL
• AGRICULTURE
• OTHERS
! !:: . ! 200
~ 300
400
525 500
100
0
; c I as a: z <J l!l ~ .... ~ z
a: en c(
1 !f If ct a:
~ .... ..... ~
73
LEGEND Flgure~tl: Loadwise Energy Consumption 1981-86 . (Per Capita)
Per capita energy consumption is a barometer of the status of economic development. As of 1985- 86, the per capita consumption for the Region as a
iv) Per capita consumption
During 1985-86, the total energy consumption was of the order of 7530 MU of which more than one-third was by the industrial sector, nearly one fourth by domestic use and one-seventh by agricultural use.
In all the participant States, the energy figures refer to restricted supply only. The Rajasthan S1.,1b region relatively tops in industrial use accounting for 80% of the energy consumed in the Sub-region, followed by the Haryana Sub-region with 51 % and the Uttar Pradesh Sub-region with 400/o. Agriculture ranks second in energy consumption in the Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh Sub regions. In the Delhi UT, domestic use leads in energy consumption with one-third, followed by industrial and commercial sectors (Table 9.2 and Fig.11).
iii) Pattern of energy consumption 'l:!,l,oio m, ~'ff~~'ff ~~cn't\9W ~rh!i,i11cfi ~mr, ~'qll~-m~~-~ &RT ~ ~ tITTrcff mlf ~-rill cn't ~ ~ I
tr~ tlt:?~PA U'RIT ll ~ cn't ~ ~ ~ ~~~'ff~t1'31,Ellf11cfi~ll ~~m~~qif~~~ ~~~ll<rrmw~~ll~ctt\9Wclif80% ~1 ~Gf!G 6ft41011 '311-~ll 510/oom~~~T '311 ~ ll ~clif ~ 400/o~ll<ITI tft41011, ~ '3ITT ~ ~~T '311-rn ll ~ ct1' \9W ll ~qif~~~l~*tmfmf~ll~ rill~ qft m- ~ (3l"~ ~-~ \9W mcft ~ ~frc~r~,~ -aflq ~ El 1111 cfi om q 1\111 ~ cfi rn ll ~ ctt \9W qi[~~ 1 (a1~cfi1 9.2 om m-11)
iv) 'Rftl'-'6Qfcm ~
------------~----------------- --- - ~ -,.....---- ---------
The demand for power has been generally rising at a rapid rate in the constituents of the Region. The demand has invariably outstripped the availability of power causing wide spread shortages of power all over the Region except Delhi. To manage the situation, the State Electricity Boards have imposed varied restrictions from time to time during the last decade, both on the demand and energy requirements. The increase in electricity consumption reflects the increase' in availability rather than the demand for it. Adjustments have, therefore, to be made in the forecast to take care of the suppressed demand on account of restrictions imposed on the consumption.
In forecasting the load for the NCR, the intended economic structure in terms of dispersal and informal occupation biased composition of the industrial and other economic activities, including the tertiary occupations, need specific attention.
At present, the broad indications are that the rural-urban population ratio will undergo a substantial change by 2001, the induced development in the selected towns for development on priority basis will be mostly in the form of industrial and commercial activities and, also as per the policy directives, the norms and standards of civic services including power supply
v) Rural electrification Electrification of villages and energisation of
pump sets is indispensable for improving the living standards of rural population. In the Region as a whole, about 80% of the villages are electrified. All the villages in the Union Territory of Delhi and in the Haryana Sub-region are electrified. In the UP and Rajasthan Sub-regions, only about 60% and 90% of the villages had been provided with electricity respectively till the end of March, 1987. About 2.12 lakh pumpsets have been energised in the Region. The figure is expected to reach a minimum of 2.37 lakhs by the end of the Seventh Plan (Table 9.3).
9.2 Load Forecast - 2001 AD
whole was about 340 units against the Delhi's 580. All the NCR States consumed less than the region's per capita consumption and, the Uttar Pradesh Sub-region is the least with 236 units. Among the various loads, the industrial load leads with a per capita cosumption of 127 units compared to 78 by domestic use, 48 by agricultural sector, and 42 by commercial sector. ·
74
oo qi"f m.(ctlcfi(OI om tj,:r-rn * ~ ~ ™ ·cfi-GlTlITlffUr ~ -fl ~i; I ll cll Jft q .=t ffi ( cITT ~ ~ cfi ~ '314ft~1,.f ~ I W ~ # ¥ f11(iilcfi( ~'ll"lr 80% TfTcIT 1l ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~~ ~~m-~~lll"ef, 1987*~<Tcn~:n: ~~ 60% -3ffi 90% Tficr'f ~ ~ 'ffllT ~~!I w ITT~~~ 2.12 ~ q.:q-"HcT i ~ ~ ~ ~ 11{ ! I tITTfcff ~ cFl" ~<Ten~ ffl cfi+f ff cfi+f 2.3 7 ~ <Ten ~ ~ tf'BlcRT (a1Rlcfi1 9.3)
9.2 ~'qf'{ c6T '!_qlj+1H - 2001 ~omo w ITT cl, "EfccITT ~ ~ qfy 1Tf(f ~ fl I J.j ( ..q ~ ff
m<I lTftr ff crfu m rn ~ 1 ~ m ~(4cllG wr ff ~qft~~fr~~~~t,~ cfiRlJr ~ i ~ fi % ITT~~ cfil" qiTtfft ~~cfilfl"m~i, wftmt~irn-q;~ fcfwrm~~~*cfR:R~-~qrm "1T{ ~ q;)' "1Tcr~~ ~qr~~~ Wfffi r%: ~I~~~#~~ cF!"lfiiTcfi)" ~!fil Jfl'1 c/19 ~~ # ~ qiT ~~ ~ I GIB: ~ "Cf{ ~~~mi cof{UT ~mcnr m VlR~nsR$ft.r-q;~$ 'lclTjl-lH ~ fll-ll<.11'11'1 ~ ~!??:fcfi 'ITT1lT I
tr$ ""{Gil~ ~ ct ~ ~ cfi m{ qi"f
icltjl-l, .:i ~ tr:rcr mm cf) fcRRur, ~ '31.ft q ii I ftch ~, ~th:.i1 fl I cfi om 61.l c1t11 <.1 >!"~ ~ ~ cfi1 l{cfi(>l 141. cfi "1Tt ~ d1 ll cfi clfcfffizrr $ ~~~ ~ ~·~"Cf{m~N ~~ ~~?:fcfi ~ I
cl dli I '1 ~ o'.111Ticn ~ ~ ! Jcfl lJflfiur-!?mft ,.iFl ti {,elf I cfi ~ # 2001 ocfi cfif(fiT ~ 4 fl cl J.=t m-rrr 1 ~ * m~ trr ~ cfiIB"t(~ <T"C!; m .pm ~ mt, mcfiTil m aj"~~m: ~, st I fl I ch om c11 fo I fJ'q ch cnTif-cfi""ffi'41 ct '@:f # om -;:ftIB -ITT!?lt * ~ "ITT'lIT -3ffi ~ J.Jt11.=ti1( ITT i om~ cfffi m-.flm ~ ~-r,crr~'f om~ 1ffei" *
75
c) Rajasthan Sub-region: The peakload is projected at 154 MW by 1989-90 and 706 MW by 2001, the corresponding energy being 811 MU and 3716 MU. The growth rate is 10.68% per annum.
b) Haryana Sub-region: The peakload is estimated at 825 MW by the end of Seventh Plan which will go upto 3678 MW by 2001 with the corresponding energy requirements of 4046 MU and 18024 MU. The average growth rate is 9.61% per annum.
a) Delhi UT: The maximum demand of power in Delhi has already reached a figure of 968 MW (August, 1986). As per projections made by the 13th Electric Power Survey Committee of the Central Electricity Authority, the demand is expected to go upto 1423 MW by the end of the Seventh Five Year Plan and 5871 MW by 1999- 2000, against the expected peak availability of 839 MW from 1989-90 to 1999-2000 excluding shares from other Central sector projects. In terms of energy, the corresponding requirement is forecast at 7586 MU and 28233 MU which gives a growth rate ~f 9.50% per annum.
The regional demand for power will be 3077 MW by the end of the Seventh Plan which will shoot upto 12032 MW by 2001 with the corresponding energy forecast of 15871 MU and 61624 MU (Table 9.4).
i) Upto the Seventh Plan and 2001
in the OMA and priority towns will be comparable to that of the Delhi UT The categorywise percapita consumption as of Delhi can be taken as the targets to be achieved in stages. In certain sectors, however, like commerce, the participating States cannot match with Delhi as is evident from the energy consumption pattern of the States: it is less than 5% in the participating States against the 21 % consumption in Delhi. .
The State Electricity Boards and the DESU have forecast the unrestricted load/energy demands upto 2001 and the Central Electricity Authority has, in view of the development proposals adjusted the forecast upwards.
i) 'fITTfcfi ~ ~ 200 l ocfi
tffifcff ~ cn'l" ~ qz ~ cn'l" ~ +fflT 3077 if oqfo m"fft ~ ~ +fflT 2001 ~~en"{
12032 ifoqfo "ITT~~~ cfif i:1Gj(.i:'it.ft !c1Tjill1 sfilf~T: 15871 "Q:ro<lo ~ 61624 "Q:ro<lo mlTT (alR>icfil-9.4) I
"ch) mm tftf ~ ~= ~ ~ ~ cn'l" ~+fflT~968ifoqfo (~, 1986)~ ~ ~ ~ '3lR ~ ~ mffflUT cm 13cff fcrwr fi d~ ~ mr ~~>l"mTt ~ ~ ajlr·tffifcff tj ii q tff.q ~ * ~ ~ ~ 1423·ifoqfo ~~ 1989-90"ffWR 1999-2000 ~ 839 ifoqfo cfi'l" ~IB ~ ~~ (~ ~ cfi'l" 01"~ qftqlJHl-:m "ff m~ ffi cfIB" ~ cfi1" 01-?cfi{) cn'l" ~ ~ 1999-2000 ~ 5871 if o cfT o i'lcfi ~ m ~ti"~! I~ i'lcfi ~ cfif ~q ~ 'i_qlj'-IH t ~ i:1GjWfl 1IT1T sfi+r~: 7586 ~oio ~ 28233 °Q:1oio "ITTTft, ~ '3Titl"R llZ fcrcnrn ~ 9.5% >ITT!" cfi m.fi I
~) ~ft<.11011 "311"-~: ~ ~ ~ lfllT %° fcFi tffifcff ~ t ~ CTcfi ~ ~ 'l=IR 825 ~oqfo mlTT"JIT 2001 CTcfi ~ - 3678 lfoqfo "ITT ~ ~ dGjfil{ sfi+ri: 4046 ~oio ~ 18024 ~oio ~ ~ '3Tfcf~ mrft"I ~ ~-Qt 9.61% >fra ~m.fil
11") ~ "311"-~::~ ~ ~ lfllT t fcFi 1989-90 CTcfi ~ 1lR 154 if O ql O mlTT ~ 2001 i'lcfi 706 if ocffo IDl1T I ~ sfjlf~: 811 Q:=fo<lo ~ 3716 "Q:ro<lo ~ cfi'l" ,3Tiq~
IDlfi I ~ >l"cfiTt Fclcfirn Gt 10 .68% ~ qt5f" m-rfi I
9.4 Issues and proposals
i) The constituents of the Region have been continuously experiencing shortage of power for quite some time and, their actual demands have thus always been the suppressed ones. The tentative assessment of power position by the 13th Electric Power Survey of India shows that the energy shortages would be to an extent of 16.60/oin Delhi UT and 28.1% in the State of Rajasthan by the end of the 7th Plan though both in case of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, it has forecast marginal surpluses of 7.1 % and 5..1 % respectively. It may be noted that in the Sub-regions of the NCR, as of 1986-87, the deficit varied from 25% to 35% except in Delhi UT.
ii) The envisaged induced development of the selected urban areas at the Regional and Sub regional levels would require more power. The rural areas where accelerated development programmes are to be taken up would also require more power than at present. Thus, the portions of the States under the NCR would demand substantial additional power as against the other parts of the States. State Governments with their own preferences and priorities will not be in a position to treat areas of the NCR under their States in a special and preferential manner for the purpose of supply of additional power. The Department of Power, Ministry of Energy is of the view that the allocation of additional power particularly, from the Central power stations is to meet competing claims from different sectors including central core industries and services and, thus, it would be difficult for allocation of additional
i) To help develop the regional and sub regional centres in particular and the Region in general, uninterrupted power supply in adequate quantity should be made available in the entire .. NCR. .
ii) Preference and priority in making available the additional power to the NCR should be given utmost attention.
9.3 Policies
d) Uttar Pradesh Sub-region: The peakload by the end of the Seventh Plan will be of the order of 675 rviw and this will build upto 2883 MW by 2001, the corresponding energy demand being 3428 MU and 13651 MU which gives a rate of growth of 9.65% per annum.
76
9.4 ffif fq IQ, ~ JffifJq
i) w ~ ~ ti €1 e.chl0 cfiT ~ WT<!' 'fr ffi;:a-{ ~ cfil- cfi+ft cfiT ~'qq mm m i ~ w ~ ~ qlf\ifclcfi llTlT ~ 00 ~I 13~ ~ ~ ~ tfif~ ITTn cfil- ~ ~ ffe" cfil-ftmct cfi ~ i(w.l i c'.fitj tr~ tfITT ~lf<fi 7cff ~ cfi ~ ocfi ~ ~ 'cfi1tf ~ ~ fflftrcr ~ ~ 16.6% ocfi~~~~28.1%ocfi~~~ ~[{41011 cr·3·~:rnr~~T~ sfilf~T: 7.1% '\i"~ s.i % 'ffilITTf -mlr~ (lilf&H('I fl(l.(>lf\) cfiT ~ IDU ~ f<fi<IT ~ ~ I ~ 3(>\>[email protected] ll ~ fcn "CT$~~ ~ cfi ~ !ff5IT ~ 1986-87 cfi ~ ~ cfi+ft (~ ~ ~nft:ra' ~ cfiT ~l'?cfi{) 25% tr 35% cfi ~ 00 I
ii) ~ m{ "311 ~ ffiU qz ~ gQ; ~ rn t qftq,ffqa ffi:o~t~ ~~~ ~~mnt I lWftur !ff51Tcfi~ ~~~ mfficfi cfillfsfiB ~fcn"Q:~! qffBH cfil"~~ ~ fclwr ~ '3ITq"~ "ITT1fi I W 1JcfiTr ~ mm;ft- ~ct~~ crrn ~ cfi ~ ~ ~ mTf "CT7i'llT i ~ ~cm~~~~ ~cffi" fcrg'\i" ~ lff1T coDT I ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~>ITilfllctia1 ctcr ~mtr~, ~:<l0tRtRcffi ~ ~ ~ ~ ~MlJl<i cfi ~ ffl ~ cfi 31"$r ~ ~ n$ m~TRt ~ t ~ rn cfiT fcf ~ WT tr ctiW >ITij f1l cfi a I '<i"ITT ~ 'flcfi1T I ~ tj ;l I C1 ll cfi ~ fcfm"ff cfiT ~ fcfm{ ! fcn fcfwr WT 'fr cfuft"ll" ~~'fr ~cffi" ~ cfiT ~ ~ ~ '\i"~l ~ cFiTt ~ 0ITT" 'f!'cfT011 t !,! RI ll1 f)1 \i I ,B cfi 00 cfiT 1!D" cf>'G cfi ~ fcn'llT 'JlT\iT t 0ITT" w ~ ~ mm;ft- ~ t ~ 01R1Rcffi
i) ~ ~ "311 ~ cfi'ITT tmrn~fcf~N wr tr fl ~Ill a I cf>'G '\i"~ fll B 1.=q ~'fr%' ~ ~ fcrcnrn cf)'G$ ~ ~~ ~ iffi" ~ll'BIT ~ iitn$ Usrl"~~~~~~~~I
ii) ~m~~~01R1Rcffifcrga'~~ cfi{R cfil- >IT~fl:tcfi\il m{ 0fllm ~ cf>'G qz ~~~~'Jl'RT~I
9 .3 ;ftftrqj
. ti") . ~ ~~T "311 ~: "fITTfcff ~ cfi ~ (f"q=i
~ ~675~oq'To mllT~2001 ocfi~ ~ 2883 l!" om o m ~~ '3ffi a ~j{':)cft ~ cfil- 1,Tll" sfilf~T: 3428 ~ o lo ~ 13651 ~ o lo mlft ~ '3Trm{ 1:1\ fclq;rn ~ 9 .65% >I'm cf'!f Nm I
77
power for the NCR. But in order to meet the objectives of the NCR which is time bound, it is an imperative necessity to provide, by any means, additional power to the Region. The Central Government, on the recognition of the fact that it was its responsibility to save the National Capital, created the National Capital Region Planning Board to prepare a Plan to achieve the objective of a manageable Delhi in the foreseeable future, and as per the Plan strategy, if adequate power is not made available to the NCR, it would never be possible to realise the objectives. It is, therefore, incumbent on the Government of India to provide additional power to the Region through appropriate arrangements. ·
iii) There are proposals to generate power through gas fired turbines at Dadri and Delhi. The HBJ Gas Pipe Line is expected to be extended from · Dadri to Delhi to generate an aggregate capacity of 180 MW in replacement of existing gas turbines. The Dadri Gas Plant has an aggregate generating capacity of 400 MW. Keeping in view the successful performance of the gas turbines in operation, the ready avallability of its technology indigenously, the minimum gestation period for its installation and also its relatively non-polluting nature, the possibility of more gas connections for generation of electricity in the Region should be explored.
iv) The additional power, once made available, should be reached to all points of consumption through optimum transmission and distribution network. The State Electricity Boards and the Central Electricity Authority have indicated that the present system of distribution network would not suffice to cope with any additional power dtstrfbution. The constituent electricity authorities have, therefore, worked out · the distribution network requirements in the respective portions comprising sub-stations, tie-lines, transmission and distribution network etc.
v) Under the provisions of the Central Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948 and also in view of the problems and difficulties envisaged in organising generation and distribution of additional power for the NCR in isolation, it is proposed to set up a Coordinating body which will mainly arrange and coordinate distribution of power, if additional power is made available from the Central/State sources for the NCR. Such a Committee would be set up under a resolution of the NCR Planning Board. The Oommittee will be
~cfif~~~ITTml~~ WI"~ ~ t ~~<IT cfil" itT ~ t ~' 'JiT tt'l <.1ai<G: ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~fcri ~ m~ ff ~ 
r
D D
headed by the Member Secretary of the NCR Planning Board and will include representatives of the State Power Departments, State Electricity Boards and representatives of the Department of Power and Central Electricity Authority.
78
79
b) Rural: Rural water supply position in the Region presents a very dismal picture. Many villages do not have adequate sources of water supply. Only one in every eight villages has some form of protected or organised water supply. The main sources of water supply are canals arid wells in the Haryana Sub-region whereas handpumps are invariably restricted to the Uttar Pradesh Sub region (Table 10.2.).
a) Urban: All the 94 urban centres except 20 have organised water supply systems of drawing water from tubewells, wells and canals. The per capita supply ranges from 17 to 240 lpcd. Only in 20% of the urban centres, the water treatment is complete and in others, it is partial (Table 10.1).
The Region is endowed with three perennial rivers namely the Yarnuna, the Hindon, both traversing through and, the Ganga skirting its eastern boundary. A good network of water canals benefit the districts of Kamal, Rohtak, Faridabad, Bulandshahr and Ghaziabad providing water for irrigation and domestic consumption. Other districts draw water from sub-surface sources through handpumps, wells, tubewells and, in Delhi, Ranney wells also. The sub-surface water resources to the west of the Yamuna are, however, insufficient, and often brackish ic quality rendering it unpalatable for domestic consumption. Scanty rainfall in this area leaves the groundwater resources limited and, the tubewells go dry as the water table sinks deep in the summer months. There is generally shortage of water supply in the areas west of the Yamuna and, the problems assume acute proportions in dry months.
i) Water supply
10.1 Background 10.1 T6~
i) ~-~
~ ~"ij"ffA"~ -"fff~, ~$ffl~ffl cffiift" <fTfT ffm ~ ~ ~ l{cff-tflm i ftFi.irt - fcFtTt ~ cffiift" lTlT1" i I W ~ -~ ~ ~ ~ $ ~ ~ &i<-11i:>1, DmTcfi, q,(lq1<S11q ~rn ~ ~,,fJI <llisllq ~ cfi1" m~ ~ ~crm ~m ~ '3W ~ "@"lffi $ ~ trr-;ft ~ ~ i I~~ ~~ ~ mm ~ ~ Tflln, r§3TI, ;ii (>I f.§:0 mr '3W ~ ~ M ~~ ~ ~ trr.ft ~ t I ilffi <fTfT $ ~ -ij ~~ ~~ Jl(>ltfll'i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ qr-;ft ~ mu mm~.~ cfiT"{"UT ~"@"lffi$~~~'3\f<ll~tc~I~~ -ij ~ ~ i cfiT"{"UT ~ -~~ i mer~ mftrn" m·~ ! crm ~ ~ ~ ~ !, cf<@f;_lllff * ~ -ij mlf ~ -«R ~ ~ ffl" 'JITIIT ~ I fl I '11......J ffi t ~ i m~ rn -ij ~ -iff!" ~ qi7ft m-i '3W~-~~1:JAT~~~~ ID"~!I
q;) ~: ~ 94 ~ rn ~ ~ 20 cfi1" 01,j5cfi{ fi tl"~ ~m'r rn ~ ~, ~"11 '3ffi ~~qr;ft-~~-wa-~~l 1 ~~ ~ -l[ff 17 "R 240 ~ o tft" o ID o tf o $ ffl ~ i I ~200/omtl"-~"ij~-~~~itt ~ "1TI:" ~ rn-ij, ~ ~ ~ (alR!cfil 10.1) I
~) llTlfrur: ~ ~ -ij lJTlftur ~ -1ffe" ~ ~ ~~!I ~ lTi"cn -ij $-l[ff $ ~ m"ff rnff ! I m: ~ lTicrr -ij "R $cfc•rt:!;co TJiq -ij fil '§0 ~ <tT t1~1raa ffl ~ ~-~ ~ ~ i1 ~n.<11011 "3tf-~ ~ ~ -qffi-t~ffl"a" m ~ ~ t ~ ~ tfllIT cfiT ~ ~ ~ ~~ '31f-~ ilco fil ~ ~ (~ 10.2) I
WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE, DRAINGE AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
10 ~-~, im--~ f;tq;1f1, ~
f;t chi fl oetl ft~ csl I R~
- - . - ~~ - ---- -~-- ---- - - --- -----
i) To improve the quality of life in the regional towns, one of the strategies is to upgrade the essential services such as water supply, sewage and sanitation in them at norms and standards comparable to that of Delhi. Presently, the supply standards are far below the desired norms in the towns and, in the rural areas organised or protected water supply is rarely provided for want of institutional and financial arrangements.
ii) Sanitation in the Region is poor resulting in high incidence of water borne diseases. The
10.2 Issues
d) Rural sanitation: In none of the villages, a .. system to take care of its sanitati~n is reported to exist.
c) Solie waste disposal: A system exists to dispose of the solid waste in nearly 60% of the towns. Unscientific land refill and open dumping are the methods prevalent in the towns in disposing the wastes. (Table 10.1).
b) Storm water drainage: In nearly 60% of the towns, the storm water drainage system exists; but in all, only in two towns the coverage is full. Almost in all cases, the drains are open. In many towns, the system is combined where storm water 'and the sewage flow together. The disposal of the storm water is invariably unplanned and is allowed to flow its natural way on land, into depressions, ponds and drains (Table 10.1 ).
a) Sewerage: Poor sanitation gives rise to high incidence of water-borne and, water and sanitation related diseases. The percentage of high infant mortalities in the NCR is indicative of the poor state of sanitation measures available in the Region. Sewerage system, that too partly, exists only in one-fifth of the number of towns. The system is mostly water-borne often supplemented by septic tanks and sanitary latrines. A number of urban
. centres have only sanitary latrines. The sewage is .r' ti:e'ated partly in four towns. In all the others, the
!aw sewage is let off into the drains rivers and in many cases, the sewage stagnates in the depressions or in drains that create an unhygienic environment (Table 10.1).
ii) Sanitation
80
10.2 W i) ~~~~~cfi'fo{~~~~
cfi ~~chl 01 'ff~ ffl .:fiftf' ~ ~ ~ fcn ~ ~-~, ~ ~-f.:t'cfirn a:!IT ~ ~ ~ 3i f.:I q I<{ ~ ~ qi 0 .fi <4 111 rt~ .sl· a:!IT llRcnt q"{'
~ ch't '111"1t, m~ ch't ~ -?rcrr;ant t111 gt"Q
"©') cfl:{f-~ cfiT f.:rcfim': ~'q"lf 60% ;:ii-m ij ~-~ ~ wmm ch't ~ ~ Fcog ~ Fti i;>!lch{ ~ ey ~ .=flRT ij ~ ~ ~ .,rrt t ~ i I ~'q"lf "ff~ .=flRT ij '11~ <4 i ~ 'g I 3Rqi .fTfCT ij m ~ -11 f~ <ti ~, ~ isl nmfl ttr.fi ~ ~ -~ G1"'1T 'Q;'ch m~ ~ ~ 1 isl nmft trRt cli f.:t 4cl -1 c1:; ~ ~ mt 1:1"{ ~ "lITTAT ~ ~ '1fTmt ~ ~ m tcfl"~~nm~ 1:1"{, ~ ~, ~ ~ -11~<.11· ij ~ m "'1'ITT ~ (111~chl 10.1) I
lT) m cfiT f.:t q cl -1: ~'q"lf 60% m ~ m cl;' f.:I q cl -1 ch't 'SflJITTft RI El 111-1 ~ 1 ~ m ij m cli' f.:lqe:1-1 t fu'C; m 4©.Rt<ti ~il~rl ~, ~ ffl cn'1" ~ ih11 f.:t ch ~ 'ff GRT~ ~ ~ ~ 6IB ~ ~ ~-~ 1:1"{ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (rll~chl 10.1) I
~) Tlicrr ij ~ ch't ~: fcfim ~ ajq ~ ~ cf fcl "t:0rl I ~ ~ ch'f Fcnfft' trn:Rt' ch'f ~ ~~~%1
ii).~.·
q;) lf{il"-~ -~: w:nrf cn'1" ~ ~ 'ff ~-fi<ti111cn UTr a:!IT trr.ft ~~'ff~ UTr ~~mi,~~~~ijfu~-mqft ~-tf@:Jf qft ~mffffiffff WaTra cfiT ~ iFcn W ~~~~~cfi~~~~~!I ~:.f.rrmr ~ ~ ~ 1;s ~ ~ m ~~ !~cffi~~Tch~"ffl~~~~ cfrncfi mcftt ~ 'ITT7-f: ~ 'ecFi ~ ~ :tn =q, (>I ql. rnT ~ iffi" ch'f '1fTm % I 3Rcfi ~mtl ~ ij cfiq(>I' ~ :tntj,(>lq ~ m ~1 ~-f.rcnrn cfiT ~ ~ '@l' "ff "€l'R ~ ~ ~ "'1'ITT % I ~ ~~ .=flRT ~ ~ ~ -~ 'ch1' '11~ <-1\ ~ ~ ~ ~~i~~~ij~lffi-~m ~~~qi'{ ·<IT '11~<-11' ij ~ ~ %, ~ 44Tq{OI ~ 'ITT "'1'ITT ~ (rll~chl 10.1) I
81
For the OMA towns and priority towns, the starting point should be 225 lpcd with the target of achieving 360 lpcd by 2001. The requirements should be graded according to the size of the projected population of the concerned urban centre. In four towns viz Rewari, Palwal, Dharuhera and Bhiwadi, where water scarcity is experienced as a chronic problem, minimum of 225 lpcd may be taken as the target to be achieved.
275 225 100 minimum
lpcd Urban Centres with population 5 lakhs and above 2 to 5 lakhs 1 to 2 lakhs
i) Urban water supply: The water supply norms and standards of the urban areas, particularly of the OMA towns (excluding Delhi UT) and priority towns should be comparable to that of Delhi and should also be uniform in the entire region for rural and urban areas. Accordingly, keeping in view the minimum level of water supply expected to be achieved, the following norms are proposed:
10.3 Policies and proposals
environmental degradation and insanitary conditions need proper and immediate attention with the conscious efforts of the local bodies and the State Governments concerned.
iii) Storm waters are invariably allowed to flow their natural way on land into depressions, ponds and drains. More often, it is combined with sewage. Unregulated flow of storm water erodes as well as silts agricultural fields and stagnates creating environmental problems. This needs a planned and integrated approach alongwith sewage disposal.
iv) Disposal of garbage in general is given the least attention. Scientific management of solid wastes would help in recycling it partly and through sanitary refilling, that would render the environment hygienic and clean. This requires proper education and training of the people in general and institutional arrangement in particular.
v) Rural zo_ne which greatly lacks sanitation measures needs adequate attention to be given so that healthy living environment is ensured which will help the rural population live healthier and also avoid possible out-migrantion to urban areas.
- I) ~~ij~-~:~~t,fcf~~ff ~ 'i~I.-Jll( ~cfi~~,·~~ mIB'ff ~ cnT B!?cfi{, ~ ~ ~ ~ ;nTCT ifi ~-l{ftr '-11'1~5,~ +fR"cfi~ * ~ ~cfi '-11'1~61' int l'.ff'1"cfiT * aq g(>'(l ~ ~ ·1 ~ m~ m w ~ ct ~rn.'h:,;ct m+frcrr fuffiT * IB'C1; '41- ~ '-I 1.-i ~ 5 ~ 'ff+fT"f ~ ~ 1 aGt11 ( ~-,ffet * ~ ~.=ia'-1 'ffi\ cor ~ 1t mgo;~ ~1f# 3fTmq,'j- ~ ~ % f4i % IDl{f cf){ ~ ~, f.·P·..-J f{>l f(g a '-I H ~ s 1· cflf ~fcn.q,-~ %:-
10.3 ~ ('l'qr SffiITcf
"ITT I ~ "filflT ~ ~ 1t ~ ifi lfl"'lcfi crtfu-ff q I '1 ~ -¥51 ii" ~ m ~ ~ ifi i ;am lJTlftur rn 1t ot ~3ITT~~ifi~~1tti'4tf{rla, <ff ~ ~ -inf .,gt tr '1fTm ! I
ii) ~~1t~~fi.errn~~'g,~ q ft 01 P-lt<=I (t)q 1fITT ~ t1 ;hi q cfi UlT cfi1cfi't ~ m ~I ffi ifi q.qfq(OI ~ ~ll?<ll ~ ~ "ff~ ~ ~~lT qz "3ftlc=r ~"ff~~~~ ?JTiq~"'4cRfr % ~ <IB m ~ f.:1 rhl .q) ~ ~~ fl(rh1{,· *~ ~nm~fcnq,-~ WRIT% I
iii, ai ( m d1 tfRt cnr m ~Pm~rcn ~ n m ~1:!'Z, ~1t, a1<11ai"1'1t~'1l~<.ff1tm~ ~!1 ~ cil(fll(ll tfAT 'ql"~"ffl1,"ffi~ ~ % ai ( m d1 tfRt ifi ~ f.:14 ~ a Wlffi "ff %f cfic ~~;am~ t, '1j"lf ~ % (l~ ~'ET~ 'ITT ~ %, ~ cfiTZUf YllTq(OI ~~ fcrt)r,:;:r fl'l Ml~~ 'ITT~% I~ IB'C1; o~ 1'.f'<1"-~ ~ ~ q e:1-1 t IB'C1; ~ '41 Ji -11 ai G: o~ ~chi ~a ~ 3TY"'1T'1T ~ ! I
iv) ~ 1:!'Z ~ -cfi('cfi'c cfi f.:I q e.1.-J 1:!'Z ~ cfi+f ~~~%I~ t cl $11 f.:lcfi ~l;f '(r ~ ~Tcfl ~ "ff 'Tf: J·q <ll l n ~ ,3fR fq l::0a I 'ff "3tfcfiT f.:I q e.l '1 ~ ff 4 .qfo { 01 col' ~ q fflT.o' ~ 1t flt11<l\'11 ~I~ IB'C1; <ffi ~ % f4i fl I q 1,:q ~ n ~ cnr ~T!ITT m ~ 3fu: mm fcnq, ~ 3fu: fcf~hr ~ "ff~ IB'C1; ~ ~ '41- ~~I
v) lJTlftur ~ 1:!'Z ~ f::l l::8d I if; ~ cflf ~~~'+Tfcf%,~~~~%m ~ ~ ~ ffl~T~~fcnq,-~~' ~ ~ lJTlft,Jr ~ ~ ~ "ff "{-g
~ 3fu: ~ lll q qlRt <11' ~ ~ffi'CT ~ cfi1" ~ ~~~"ff~~~I
Rural water supply 100%
Level of service Piped water supplies in all com munities, where feasible; Demand range 70-250 lpcd; average 140 lpcd.
Stand posts in fringe areas, if. necessary at strategic localities; average 40 lpcd. Piped water supplies for 30% of the population; demand range 25- 70 lpcd; spot source water supplies for 70% of the population in the form of dug or tubewells with handpumps and/ or power pumps; average demand 40 lpcd.
Coverage Urban water supply 100%
iii). Targets for water supply: In view of the low levels of coverage in water supply, the targets which have been agreed to by the Government of India under the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade 1981-1990 programmes to be achieved by March, 1991 may be adopted for the NCR:
ii) Rural water supply: The sources of water supply to the rural areas should be identified and, the water supply should be organised to supply
r· water at the levels commensurate with the functional character of the rural areas.
A minimum of 70 lpcd-includinq a supply of 30 lpcd for cattle· is proposed for rural areas. If independent connections are given, a minimum of 100 lpcd is advised. Spot sources may supply a minimum of 40 lpcd which can supplement the piped supply. ·
In no urban centre, the supply should be lower than 100 lpcd which is the minimum technical rquirement.
82
'f{qT q5T «\"\ 'i:ifITT "#~ er m cJm 'ff ,ft ti~~llJ1 cfiT ~ &RT ~ ~' lTI1T min· 70- 250 ~ tft m m, ~140 ~<.>1cflffti1..1
iii) ~'lffi'i~~:~~cfi~~*~ ~ 'ITI"CTf fficfiR ~ '3i ct{ I i{t 4 tt<f ~ ~ "ff~ tel ~ua I ~~-1981-1990 cfil llr~ifl· t ~~ ~' 1991 wfi IDT(f ~ ~ ~ ITT ~ffi cli mt ll ~ ~ co't !, ~ ~~ ~ m~ ~ cli fui:!: ~ "Jj"f ~ ~:-
ii) ~ ~-1lffi'.: Trf1TIUr ~ cfiT co't ~ qf"ffi° 'Jr~ -~cfiffl(l~mfu,~~~ ~~iffer cfit ~ lfT ~ co't 'JfRt~mFco ~ ~ ~ ~ mu i ~ co't "Jj"f "ffcfi, aj- 1JPftur ~ ~ cfil 4ffll cfi ~ cfi ~ ID I lJf1fliJr !ITTT t fu1Z ~~ cfi fu"c!: 30 ~ tft 'ITT~ co't 1ffer "flimf "\ -1 a Ji 70 ~ tfr "ITT tr ctr~ cfif ~fcfi<IT lJ?:IT ! I ~ tR"T+ref ~ "JiTIIT t fcfi ~~~~~~ctr ~ ~ ~ -?r ~ 100 ~ tfl" m tr co't ~ctr~ ~ I ~ ~ ~~ fflclT "fr~ "fr cfi1l 40 ~ tfl" m tr 'ch9" ~ ~ co't 'JfT ~ ! ~ ~ ffl(i tnwrr &TU cfit ~ cITTft- Jj (1 ~ ctr cfiift" clil" 1!U cfi0 lt fl~l4ch 61" ~ ~I
mtt ~ ctft 111'[email protected] ~ tfi ~ ~ 5~~~;an-1rcn 275 2 "fr 5 ~ 225 1 "fr 2 ~ 100 (.-1{'1\"i'i)
~ Ji ~I '1 ~I ( ~ * "31tm"ff~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * fui:!: ~~ 225 ~ tfl" m tr -?rctr ~ ~ 31T{ 2001 cl'cF 360 ~ tft m ~ IDT(f cfi'0 cfiT ~~ ~~I ~ -~ $l" ;mer~~ qif ~ ~ ~ ctr JJ-1fi<sq1 * ·~ ~ * ·~ ~ oft q,( 01 'qi'(,,T ~ I 'qR "311 .:pf(T 3f~ ~'~I~ 31T{ ~"Jll ~ ~ ctr 'qi1ft qif ~1Tq ~ c!hfchl~qi ~ ~~ll~"JJTIIT~, .:i.:iaJl 225 ~tfrmtr clil" 'ITT"C{f ~ ~ ~ ~~ cfi ~ ll lTRT ~ ~1Fcomm~m't~ll~-~100~ tfl" m ~ -?r ~ ~ ~ ~ aj- .-i-1aJ1 aq;..flc6) ~~~I ·
83
v) Rural sanitation: The rural areas, where piped water supply system exists should be
iv) Urban sanitation: The OMA and priority towns, should treat their sewage before it is let-off into water courses or on land or for irrigation. The other towns where it is not possible to provide a proper system due to topography and for want of resources, low cost sanitation measures may have to be adopted but only to be replaced by regular sewage system subsequently as the conditions improve.
Open drains, which are by and large the sources of nuisance and pollution, should be discouraged and discontinued. Sewage should be treated to bring the pollution level to permissible limits as stipulated by the Indian Standards Institution, and Pollution Control Boards irrespective of the type of disposal of the sewage. As far as possible, areas where the annual rainfall exceeds 75 cm, separate systems for sewage and storm water are recommended.
It is proposed that in all towns other than OMA and priority towns, and all rural areas, the foregoing targets be achieved by 1991.
Delhi and the other Delhi Metropolitan Area towns - Ghaziabad, NOIDA, Faridabad and Gurgaon have been experiencing inadequacy of water supply recently. The recent drought has also shown that this severity could become quite acute in the absence of normal rainfall. Perennial sources of water supply such as the Ganga, the Yamuna and the Sutlej with their systems are subject to a number of agreements between the various Governments. The NCR occupies a special position and, its water supply need should be given special consideration. It is, therefore, necessary that comprehensive proposals identifying the sources of water supply are prepared for the Region. Likewise, the Delhi Metropolitan Area towns would also need an integrated drainage system. The NCR Planning Board has recently constituted a Study Group to look into the various aspects of physical infrastructure particularly, water supply, sanitation and drainage in the Delhi Metropolitan Area towns and, its findings could be the basis for further indepth studies in asses sing the needs and identifying he sources of water etc.
~~'31lq~~m "ITT tftq1qdf ~ ~ irnt,:tiuf iilfui41· ~ ~ ct -;:m, ~ 40 Q,i.1 cft tft 41
llPW'T ~ 1!ffi" 100% 30 "tl'ftr.mr Jl •Hi @.11 cfi ft;r"Q, ~ em ~ 1!ffr; lfflf-~ 25-70 Q,i.1 cft tft 41 ; 70 >l'fif~rn "1'1(1€Q( *~~l'l<t ~ h qtjr "ff ~ '1(>1<!i_41~~~ct qtjr "ff ~ ~ ~~ ~ 1!ffi"; ;amrn lfflT 40 l!.iH cft m 41
~mi fcfi ~ q tH '1 ( !fl;f ct "3lf ';fl'f(T ~ '311RIT cfrn" "3lf .,rm ct ~ RI 11:: cffi ~ 'ff1ft° "3lf ~ ~ 'ff1ft° lJTifrur ~ ~ ~ Jlw\ ~ cn>r~ 1991 (fcfi
~fcf;-Q,~1 ~ n~ ~ llt1.:i,1( !fl;f ct ~ .=flTCT
,11~<11a:ttq, ~' lfi<.lqliillq, nerr 41~,,iq ~~ITT ii" trr;ft cfi)- cnlft ~ cfi)- "Jl'T Dft i 1 ~1ft" ~ ITT ~ ~~~~~~~fcn fllill.-4 cf'U.:f~~ ~ -~ ~ cfilft' cfiftfil 1f'qR "ITT 'ffcfim ~ I ~ ~ l,lcll~ct UFrcTIB-mm~llllT, ~cf~nerr ~ q"{ 3lrmft:cf ~ l,l 011 R,i 41 cfil Wfi(' ~ fl ( &ii (i ~ ~ fll-1 ~id ~ I ~ "(Pf~ !fl;f cfif ~ fcf~ ~ ~ n~ ~ !fl;f ~~-ta" cm- fcf~ ~ WIT "JfA1" ~ I ~: ~ '3Tfq~ "ITT "JlTi,T ! fcf; ~ !fl;f ~ ~ct.~~ cfif 1«IT WTm ~ ~ m~~1~m~Bm.:i,1( !fl;fcfi ;pm ct ~ 1ft" Q,'6l ~ct ~-~ f;rcFrn WITTm ~ 3TTcf~ "ITTm I~ UJJ'~ !fl;f ~...,,-mt~ ~ l-ltil'1'1( !fl;f ~ ~ (i(f.1'11 ct ~ ~~ fcf~ ~-ta", fctma1 "fferr ~ 1t"{ ~~ct~~~~~cfifl'forf~!I ~~ct~~~q"{~~cn1"3TT~l-11'1ch{~ !fl;f ch'!" 3Tfq~~~ q mm-~~* tnif'ef ~ ~ ~~~"Ji'T~I
------------------ ---·-~- - ~ - - -·
---- -·- - ------------ ~- - - - - - -
viii) Solid waste management: Solid waste disposal and management should be planned for a minimum of 20 years and, at least controlled tipping should be adopted in the disposal of the solid wastes. Compost is a solid stabiliser. Incineration of the garbage is not advisable. Areas should be identified in all the towns for sanitary refill and, all the towns above one lakh population should have arrangements to properly manage the waste disposal.
vii) Water supply and sanitation should be taken together as an integrated project. A combined sewerage system including drainage may be economical if the average annual rainfall does not exceed 75 cm. All the drains should be covered as far as possible. The sewage treatment process should include units to obtain best by-products like cooking gas and sludge manure. The solid waste should be properly managed and recycled for a healthy and hygienic living environment.
vi) Targets for sanitation: The proposed targets of the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade 1981-1990, could be taken as targets of the NCR Plan. The targets are:
Coverage Level of service Urban sanitation 80% 100% coverage for
Class-I cities with sewage and sewage treatment facilities, low cost sanitation methods in other towns. Overall coverage of 80% in all cities and towns.
Rural sanitation 25% Low Cost sanitary methods of disposal.
provided with sewerage system with treatment facilities. Low cost sanitation measures such as sanitary latrines, septic tanks and pit privies should be resorted to in villages with hand-pumps for water supply. Where possible, the sewage should be recycled after treatment for watering gardens, parks and lawns, fire-fighting, street washing, cooling etc. Publicity and demonstration on the necessity for hygienic sanitation should be frequently arranged to make the rural population aware of the imperative need of the clean and healthy environment.
84
vi) ~ cl; ~~: '31 d d~ <l ~ ~ tefa' ol!IT ~4:p:Hdl ~~Tcfi 1981-1990 ~ ~ffilfcld "(>!'~ rfi1' u$" UJl'~ !ITT'~~"(>!'~~~ 1)' lfRT ~ WRIT!I ~"(>!'~~~!:
~ fcrnm: 'ffqT tl5T ffl'{ ~~- JWJft-1 cl, ;pm cl,~ ~ 80% 100 >l'ra~Tif ffcITTl: ~
lffi-~ om lffi-~ ~ cn'l' Wfmi:t, ~ ~ ~ 1)- qiJ:f ~ qIB ~~~l'fl~~ om ~ ;n-rn ~ ~ R:I i.11 cfi( 80 >l'ra~Tif ffcITTl: ~~!1 f.:I q c.l '1 ~ qilf ~ qIB
25% ~cfi~I
v) 1JTlftur ~ ~ ·ff'«nrfclft sq c1 fin: ~·;p;rr~ftur !ITTIT ~ qwr ~ -9Iff >fU1IBl" fct EP·ll '1 'ITT, rn ~ "WC"m~t~1rn-~~~cfil'~cfil" ~~I mcIT ~ q;ir ffl1fo ~ ~ cfi ~
· ~'1fR~, ~~ ~Aillc.>P:l, ~?:en~ ~ctrn ~l1ilH'1 <l ~~~ ~ ~ -tffe{ cfi ~~tf11~WWl~~I ~tf'qq'ITT, cffif lf(.'f-~ rfi1' ~ cl, ~ ~' tWfil' ~ ~ ~ tlT;fi ~ cfi ~' ajr., ~' ~ cfi1" ~' ~ ~cfiffie!;T1"· ,3q41iA ~~I~ ~~~~cl, Gilt 1)- lJTlftur ~ rfi1' ~ ol!IT ~ qqfq(OI cfi1" '31f.:iqlllrdl cfi ~ 1) Jllllfjcfi ~cl,~~~~ ~~f., ~ \TfR~I
85
D
D
The areas for dumping of solid waste/garbage have to be identified while preparing the development plans for each urban centre in advance, so that the Municipal Authorities responsible for solid waste management could utilise such pre-identified locations for disposal of garbage. The derelict lands on account of brick kilns and quarrying may be suitable locations for such operations.
viii) ~ ~: m cfi ~4eH -31R ~~ c6t' <lhf;;r cfilf "ff cfi1=f 20 qTf cfi ~ ~ ~ ~ "1R m t ~ q e:1 -1 t ft;p::1; f.:i tj 81 a >fUITm ~ ~ ~ I ~ c6t' ~ ~ oT'H IBJ(lcfi1{) ~ I F. clil" 1fPf ~ ~ -i'fRT ~ I "ff'llT ~ .:pm 1) ~ cfi ~ f.:l"mfto cot~~' ~~'fficfi"{
~~~~ ~ ~"ffi19""ff ~cb'l- ~ ~ "ff1fi ~.:prn1)-m t f.:i q e:1 -1 t ~~ ~ ~ ~ID".fi~I
~ ~Tro ~ cfi ~ fcrcnn=r <lhf;;r ffl ~ ~ trnN "ff~~-~~ cfi ~ f.:l"mfto cot ~ ~ ~' c=rrfcn ~ ~~ "$ ~ 3't1{~141 "flTt q1~cn1 ~~cfif.:t4eH t~~m ~-f.:l"~ ~ cfif ~ en{ "flcfi I ~ cfi ~ ~ ~ ~ t q,f{Uf aj- ~ ~ ~ st, ~ ~ WllR cfi cfirlff cfi ~ 34 $clc1 "ITT "ffcfi"ITT ~ I
---~-------- --- -- - -- -= ,---------
a) Educational facilities: According to the 1981 Census, the literacy rate in the Region (43.94%) is higher than that of all India (36.23%). When compared among the Sub-regions, Delhi UT (61.54%) has the highest literacy rate followed by the Haryana (33.58%), Uttar Pradesh (33.31 %) and Rajasthan (30.24%) Sub-regions. The literacy rates in all the three Sub-regions are also hjgher than the literacy rates of the States of which they form the parts. The literacy rates in the urban areas also follow the same trend except in the case of Uttar Pradesh Sub-region. Though the rural literacy rate in the Region as a whole (32.35%) is higher than that of all India (29.65%), it is less than the country's figure in Uttar Pradesh (29.02%), and Rajasthan (25.22%) Sub-regions. On the basis of the availability of educational facilities in the rural areas in terms of proportion of villages having one or more of the educational facilities and the proportion of rural population served by educational facilities, Haryana's rural population is better served with educational facilities, as 90.38% villages have one or more of the educational facilities and 97.26% of the rural population served by education facilities. The corresponding proportions in the Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan Sub-regions are 73%, 91.3% and 70%, 900/o.
In the National Capital Region, Delhi, the mother city, has almost all types of higher educational and research facilities, perhaps the
i) Sub-regional disparities
The equitable distribution of educational and medical facilities at convenient locations in the ~ Region, especially those which serve the primary needs, is far more important than the location of any other facility. Education shall provide the vital input for provision of a trained manpower for running the social and economic fabric of the Region.
11.1 Background
86
cfi) fum~~: 1981 cn't JJ1~10111 t~ ~ ~ it m~ q{ (43.94%) ~ ~ 'ITT~ q{ (36.23%) 'fl' ~ ! I ~ '311rn cfi'1' ~it~cn't~oT~~~~ (61.54%) cn't m~ q{ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t1R:.q1011 (33.58%), -~TI°nr~~ (33.310/o)o~~ (30.24%) '311 rn cfil" ~ ~, «~ ~ '311 rn it m~ ~ ~ uaj cn't mmm m 'fl' ~ t ~ ~ ~ l 1 ~ ~~T '311 ~ t ft:rcrr.q", mRT rn~~m~mcn't~~i,~~~ it~ lJPftur m~ cf{ (32.35%) ~ ~ "ffi!ffimq{(29.65%)"R~t~~~~~ (29.02%) o'IT ~ (25.22%) '311 rn ~ ~~T cfi'1' 3N!ITT r.nlf ~ 1 ITT WIT it "Q:-n m ~ fuim "§fcrmi:t ~df ~ ~ ~ lJTlftur "JRm qft- fuim wr~ ~ t ~ wrr t ~ t ~ 'lJTlfiur rn it fu!ITT ~m;an' $1' ~~ ~ ~qr{ qz, ~ft <H 011 $. 'lJTlftur mm qft- ~ fuim ~~ mi:o t ~ 90.38% lJT+l1 cm- 'Q:,n m ~ fuim ~mi:t mra- ! ~ 97 .26% 'lJTlftur "JRm qft-fuim~~cft ~rn ~l~~~o~~'3"Cl'rnll't1Gj(i:iifl ~ ~~: 73%, 91.3% ii~ 70%, 90% i I
n$ m-m.=ft ~ ~' ~ ~ ~ ~'qll' ~~
~ cn't J~ila{ fuim ~ ~m., cn't ~mi:t ~df l '111" Ftn ~~ ~ ~~ ~m;an ~ ti'~: ft ctf:a l-1 ~I~ cfi ~ '3n{' ~~T otf ~ it ffi ~ ~ ~m·c~ zj "Q:-n fcf~c1fclm(>t<.1 i ~ '3W ~~'311~cl}~~~qz~! I~~
11.1 ~~
FcITTfi ~~~rim q ~fcl:iffir ~m;an cfil" m fcRR"oT, fcr~ '{qQ" 'fl'~ '111" m~ JJ (•:m-t"'i cm-~ ~ !, ~ ~ ~ ~m c6l- ~'fl'~ ~ Si eHi::Pi_u f ~ I fff;T cfi't til li I fJ1 ch q ~ tl { i:l 1 I cfi1" ~ ~ t fu1:J; ~ '1f1"00 ~df ~ ~ ~PITT lit1<iliof 4l~IGl1 ~ I
EDUCATION AND HEALTH
11
87
i) An assessment of the availability of the education and health facilities in the three Sub regions indicates that the level of these facilities in terms of accessibility and equitable distribution is far from satisfactory. Some of the regional centres
11.2 Proposals
b) Medical Facilities: The availability of medical facilities in terms of number of beds per thousand population in the urban areas of the districts of the three Sub-regions, is substantially better in Rohtak district (5), Meerut distrct (l.50) and Alwar district (2.59), compared to other areas of the Region. In Delhi, the number of beds per thousand population is 2.50.
As regards availability of medical facilities in the rural areas, the Haryana Sub-region in terms of proportions of population and villages served being respectively 77.62% and 61.00%, ranks higher than the other Sub-regions.
Delhi being the National Capital and the third largest city of India, has the advantage of possessing large number of medical institutions with best specialisation in almost all the fields available in the Country. The medical facilities in the three Sub-regions of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar. Pradesh lack in specialisation and also, looking at the vast hinterland served by them, they lack in availability of general medical facilities. Meerut, Rohtak and Alwar are the main centres of medical facilities which attract people from large part of their hinterland.
best available in the Country. Meerut in the Uttar Pradesh Sub-region is the second city after Delhi with a University which has jurisdiction over a large portion of the UP Sub-region. At present, Meerut has facilities for higher education including a Medical College. There are large number of post graduate colleges at Meerut and Ghaziabad which are also patronised by student population from Delhi and Haryana. In the Haryana Sub-region, Rohtak town has a University of its own. It has large number of State level institutions such as a Medical College and two Ayurvedic Colleges, two Polytechnics, and an Industrial Training Institute. As regards the Rajasthan Sub-region, Alwar town is the main centre of educational activities. It has a number of colleges which mainly cater to the local students and to some extent those from nearby areas.
i} m'1T ~rn it ro~ '311{ ~ ~m'311 ~ ~~ cfi ~ ich1 ff W ~ ~ ffii° ~ (f:qr ~ fcmvJr ~ ~ ff F ~m'311 cfiT mr til'fltilJJrlcfi~i I~ ~~~"4To, ~ ~ ~ ~ -m ~ ~* cfiTllft ~ ~TITT't ~ m cfi cnITUf ~ '3-c'i'.11:1{ W~ fu~'ff~ G:lfchcttl -gmm-ct r'€fit i V1T ~ tPT<.f ~...ft<T ffi1TI o~ ~ - IITT, cfi W q;r '3flq:iJq cfi('l IQ, ~ ~ {%- ~ I ~ ff ~ cfi ~ mei f.:i cfili I fi Fif;:f ~ ll(!JT qftoo
11.2 ~
mit ~ R:\fchffil l-lQlfcl~IW-l ~ J"Cil\"1{ ~T~ * ~ ~~~~~I iRo ~ lll~lllilil~ it ~ ff M lo c:hl'd { ~ ~~ ~ (fl?.ITW<ITUTT * Uf;f 'l:ft ~T~ m~ cfl@ ~I Qf{;q1011 ~$ it, ~ ;,-rr{" it ~ fcr!(q ~~I <i-1 ll t I <fITT ~ ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ R:lfchct11 ~ (fl?.IT GT '311 gel% cfi ~' GT qfRt e:cfiA cfi l ~ i'.11 A I ch ml!ffUf mR ~ I zj ocfi ~~ ~$ cfif ~~ i, ~ ;,-rr{" ~Tfuq:; ~ ll I ch<i-11 q-'j cfif ~"@-1" ~ t I ~ ~l-lii?l~We1ll t'1fl"~: ~Uf;ij~~ ml-IT acFi '311 fl 4 I ti * flhT ff ~ cfIB ur;t1 cfi"1" '31lcf~,;:t 1tl" cf)@ 6 I
'@) ~fchffil ~~: ~ ~~ *· f-rrm * ~ffiCT ~ it 'ITTd" rn JJrt ti@I cfi IB'C; ~ cfi ~ ~~ G:IFchffil ~~ ~ ~ (5), m ~ (1.50) (fl?.IT ~ ~ (2.59) ~ $ * ~~ !ITTT cfi"1" ~ it cfiTllft ~ ! I ~ ll >Ira rn JJ1ti@1 * ft;r~ ~ ~ fi"&:n" (2.5) t,
zj ~ m+frur !ITTT it M fchffi I ~m'311 cfi"1" ~~ q=;r ~~ t, mt<ITUTT ~$ it t;rn' ~m ~ [email protected] (fl?.IT 'lJTlfT cfif ~: ~~T: 77.62% (fl?.IT 61.00% t ~ ~ ~ '3,~ ~rn ff~ i,
n~ ~m,ft (fl?.IT 'BT& q=;r t11ln ~ ~ ~TITT: ~ * cnITUf ~ cfil' ~ ~ ti"&lT it R:\ Miffi I ffiff cfif "<i-l'T'+f ~ t, ~~~Tit~~ ~'+flT 'ff'lfi !ITTT it ti qf'('l l-1 fcr~~ ~~ ~ I Qf{;q1011, ~ ~ ~ ~~T cfi ~ ~!ITTT it fcr~h-~'311 cfi"l" ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ qIB ~ ~ '31'IB-1:frn' * ~~ $ ~ ~ ~' ~ tfPIT~ fit fch.ffi I ~~ 1ft qll-1' ~~ fi I ~ ~~T ~$it-?n:'o, "ITTt'lllUTT~$it~(fm~ ~ $ it ~ it R:\ Miffi I ~m'311 cfi ~ ~ 'g zj ~ '3lffi-1:frn' * >l''Blcf $ ff Glm ff@TI' ll ·ffil'T ~fil .
- - --- ---- --------
Type of facility Norms Rural Urban
A. Education 1) Nursery School One in each One for 2,500
village population 2) Primary School One in each One for 5,000
(including village population. classes upto VIII standard)
3) Higher Secon- One in each One for each dary village with town with 10000-
population 15000 popula- 10000-15000 tion.
4) College One for each town with 80,000- 1,00,000 population
8. Medical Rural/Urban 1) Sub-Centre One for 5,000 population 2) Primary Health One for 30,000 population
Centre 3) Community Health One for 1,00,000
Centre with four population basic speciali-
D sations.
D
namely, Meerut, Rohtak and Alwar being fairly large sized urban centres in the respective Sub regions are having some higher order educational and medical facilities which at present cater to the needs of both the local population as well as the neighbouring areas. The priority towns and complexes identified for faster development and, also the OMA towns excluding Delhi will contain more population in addition to their natural increase through the deflection of the Delhi bound potential migrants to them, and they will need, over the perspective plan period, more education and health facilities. In addition, some of them may have to cater to the regional requirements with institutions of specialisations both for education and health care,
ii) Provision of these facilities in adequate measures in the regional centres away from Delhi would not only improve the quality of life but may attract population seeking migration to Delhi. This will thus meet ultimately the objectives of provision of infrastructural facilities at desirable norms and standards to improve the standard of living in the areas of the Region.
iii) The distribution of social infrastructure, not only on the basis of population size but also on the catchment areas for each level institution in the Sub-regional centres, Service centres, and Basic villages will help to remove the imbalances in the provision of social infrastructure of the Sub regions.
iv) The norms for education and health facilities suggested are as follows:
88
"@ ~ 1J1'lft'ur /llrntl 1) '31T ~ s.ooo clil" ~ * IBJJ: i::i;cfi 2) m~~ 30,000clil"~~*fui:J:i::i;cfi 3) m1~111lih ~ 1,00,000 clil" ~ <ii" IBJJ: i::i;cfi
~ 7c!R~ fcr~Tl:!"~* ID~
10,000 'ff 15,000 ~qffi~ ~&~i::i;cfi 80,000 'ff 1,00,000 clil" ~qffi~ .,rn: * IBJJ: i::i;cfi
10,000-15,000 clil"~cfffi ~1TTcf~i::i;cfi
2) m~fcrnm<r (~«R q,'t cfi~~ Bfmr)
3) ~+IT~
4) l'l5lfcl:[!l\il<l
25,00 clil" Ji•H\<§1.ll *fui:J:i::i;cfi 5,000clil"~~ *fui:J:i::i;cfi
~ll'T qi"f ~ 1J1'lft'ur ~o ~Tffl 1) ~ fcrnm<r ~ 1J1q ~
i::i;cfi~ 1J1q ~
cfi1" ~ 1Pll" !, m o!!IT ~ cfi ~qn" ~
l-1~1;:PI( ~ cfi ;:pm ~ ~ !.lltifacfi "cJfu cfi ~cfn~Jl'iti&ll fillft~~~~"ff mcfffi~~~~~~ff~~~ ~ ~ ~rrmnm "fqff&f ~m-311 cfi1" ~~ m-m 1 ~ '51 Rt R: ch'1 m if ~ "C;Qi" cfi1" ~im o!!IT ~ ~ !W-n ~ fq~) 61 $1 a I ~ ~-311 cfi "l-l'T&flf
-"ff~~~~cfil"1fi~~~Wm=rrtl ii) ~ "ff ~ ~ ~ -q ~ ~ ~ ~
~mi:t ~t\£f m-rr "if~~~ -q ~ ymr wrr, ~ ~ ~ ~filrrr cfi1" 1ft ~ -31tt '111 cfif& a "cfiDT "JJT ~ -q ~ ~ t I~~:~ R~T ~ iw.n -q ~ "ffi1: ff'e.lTB cfi ~ qiftrfr ii I 'i ~ 0$1.
o!!ITlfRcfil~ ~ ;arrmtw~m1t~~m cfi ~~ %" ITTrtl
iii) ~ Jj 'i a @1 * ;arrmt q"( m 11ft ~ ~ ·~ m' "flclT ~ o:m- ~ lJftlT cfi '3ITT, -i:m=r cfi Wlllcfi $ $!" -3ffcf~-311 $ ~mt q"( 1fi ft I l-11 F-i! cfi '3l"Tmt'Wf ti { f.l 'i I r.flf fcrITT"or ~ ff "3ll"~ ~ 01tigM'i ~ ~ ~ tl~l<lal.~ l
iv) fu!fff ~ ~ W4m~ cfi ~ !.IRtlfcla l-ll'i~os ~ m ~:-
89
Housing is a basic human need and ranks next only to food and clothing in importance. One of the primary aims of any policy plan of a welfare state like India has, therefore, to be to improve the quality of living of its people. The Seventh Five Year Plan document holds that a certain minimum standard of housing is essenial for healthy and civilised existence. The development of housing, therefore, deserves an overwhelming priority in the NCR, where housing amenities are below the minimum standards. The NCR Plan inter-alia aims to provide healthy living conditions in priority and OMA towns, at standards comparable to that obtaining in Delhi. Most of the migrants seeking employment in informal sector activities need priority attention in providing shelter for them. The objectives of Draft National Housing Policy are in fact in consonance with the objectives of the National Capital Region Plan which seeks to encourage people to build and improve their own houses; to promote repair, renovation, expansion and up-gradation of the existing housing stocks, and to preserve India's rich and ancient heritage in the field of human settlement planning and architecture and, conserve buildings of historic, cultural and aesthetic significance.
Demand for shelter increases with the population. Provision of housing does not keep pace with the population increase. At present, about 30% to 40% of the urban population in the NCR live in unhygienic and insanitary conditions.
Occupied residential houses in the Region excluding Delhi UT, with an allowance of 10% either as non-liveable or vacant or non-residential, totalled to 13.83 lakhs for a population of 101.14 lakhs in 1971 with an occupancy rate of 7.31 persons per unit. In 1981, there were 18.23 lakh liveable houses (except in Delhi UT) for a population of 129.72 lakhs with an occupancy rate of 7.12 persons per unit (Table 12.1). The marginal
12.1 Background 12.1 ~~
~lfRcf ch'\" 1F;i 41 c{l ~~ ~ ~ lfITTT:f ch'\" ~ ff ~ :m"{ q;,:rg * G!R ~ q,f ~ ~ I '3Ti'f ~ ~ ~ fcnm ~ cfi~I 01 cfil {1 ~ch'\"~ ~ ~TI<ittft"~q;r~~~~~~ $ ~ BR "# °!!~ f¥mr ~ I tmfcfi 4'il cl tff1.1 ~ "# ~ fq"i &11 < fcFilrr rrm ~ fcri" ~ ~ tTRT ~ t ft;i-Q: ;mcirn cfiT ~ f.:ITT"'clcf .:i.-i a t1 m("
m;:rr ~ ~ 1 '3fff: n$ mm.:ft ~ "# ~11c11 tft 1.1 fciq;rn cfil" ~ ml!! fl:t cfi('l I ~ ~ ~ cFffFcn ~ "# ~ ~m,:t 'i-_'1 \911 "tfRcfiT 'R ~ ~ I n$ m~ ~ ~cfiT~~ ~tillfil*m~ -m~ ~ cfrn" o~ ~ li~l .. ·PI( ~ t .,-rm"#~ 1=fT..fcfiT qr ~ zirq;, cn'r ~ ~ ~~ cf,GT ~~ ~~ll >lil~('l lfRcoT"Rcn'r~ ~ I ~'1,4illftcfi ~t fsMlcfi(.>1141 "# :ZIJPII( ~ c:rrn- ~~T >I qi Rl I.I I "cfi1" ;mqra ~~ ~ "JfR %-gml!lftlcfia It ~qrr qr urR~~ ~~~ 1 n$~~t~·t~~~:~ m~~cn't~t~!~~~-. m"l1T cfil" m ~ ~ o~ ~ tl~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ (f~ fq Elli I '1 lfcfiT'1T ~ ~'
. 11cft..flch(UI, <i{¢1"1£1° ~ ~ ~ l)- tJqff cfil" -~, ffi nH ~ o~ lfRcr '3lTcITTf -au 1a1'1 Ji 111 o~ cll«!cfi('jl. t ~ "# cqrn, ~ ~1-1 o~ ~ fct<1frn cfil"~r~~ o,Rrn, t1i~facno~ cfi('i IM cfi lfm'cf $ ~ "cfi1" tfmra cfl('.:rT ~ I
Ji .1 f\ <§1.l 1 "# ~ t m~ ~ t ft;i-Q: m ~ ~ 'JiTm ~ I ;mcirn cn'r~ Ji 1 f\ <§1.ll cn'r~ $ ~ ~ ;rm ~I~ "fPfl.J" n$ UJI"~ ~ "# ~'qly 30% ff 40% . ~-rntt ~ TTm .:mt ~~~~~I
~ cfil" Bl ¥cfi( ~ ~ "# 1971 "# ~ ftm",Wt lfcfiR1 ~ m-rr um i ~ ~ 'ft©:IT 1 o 1.14 (>[f(g [email protected] t ft;rQ:, 13.83 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ 7.31 ~ m 1 ~lfcfiT'-TI'"#"1"m~ <tr ~ m ~ ftmm 1fcfiAT t ~ "# 10% lfcfiR ~~~~ 11981 "# (~"cfil" E91¥cfi() 129.72
SHELTER 12
-~~ -- ----- -, ------ -
--~----- ------ --
On the assumptions that the occupancy rate shall be five persons a residential unit, the 1971-81 trend of growth shall continue and a 10% allowance is given to compensate non-liveable or vacant or non-residential housing units, the total demand for housing by 2001 AD, except for Delhi UT, is estimated at 42.6 lakh residential units in the NCR; of these 24.8 lakh units (58.22%) will be in the urban area and 17.8 lakh units (41.78%) in the rural area; the UP Sub-region will have a demand of 24.2 lakh units (56.81 %), followed by the Haryana Sub-region with 15.6 lakh units (36.62%) and Rajasthan Sub-region with 2.8 lakh units (6.57%). In 1987, the net liveable residential houses have been estimated at 20.868 lakh units; of these the UP Sub-region had 11.417 lakhs, Haryana Sub-region 7.766 lakhs and the Rajasthan Sub-region 1.685 lakh units.
Thus, the additional demand (including the existing backlog) between 1988-2001, will be (42.6-20.868) 21.732. lakh units in the Region excluding Delhi UT, and of these, 18.188 lakh units, (83.69%) will be in the urban sector and 3.544 lakh units (16.31 %) in the rural sector. Of the total demand, 12.783 lakh units (58.82%) will be in the UP Sub-region, 7.834 lakh units (36.05%) in the Haryana Sub-region and 1.115 lakh units (5.13%) in Rajasthan Sub-region (Table 12.2). The towns/complexes identified for priority development will have an additional demand of 7.19 lakh units (39.56%) while the OMA towns will have 5.70 lakh units (31.34%) and other towns
12.2 Demand by 2001
fall in the occupancy rate during 1971-81 indicates a slight improvement in the living condi tions.
The 2.576 lakh liveable residential units in the urban areas of the NCR housed a population of 18.88 lakhs in 1971 with an occupancy rate of 7.33 persons per unit and, the housing stock doubled to 5.099 lakhs in 1981 to house 33.29 lakh people at an occupancy rate of 6.53 persons per unit. Though the decline in the occupancy rate in urban areas is a happy development, it is offset by the increase in occupancy rate from 7 .30 to 7 .34 during 1971-81 in the rural zones of the Region. If .. quality of houses is also taken into consideration, the number of houses fit for living might be much less.
90
7:lQ llFlir ~ fcF ~ ~ ~ ftITT~ft ~ 5 oqfcffi mm, 19 n-81 ch't W?: ch't ~ 'JfTtt ~ ~ ;, ITT ~ <lY ~ <lY "itr -ft:ITT~ft $cfil ~4 i ~ ftID<rm $chi ~lj,· ch't 10% mitt, ~ ~ ~ ~ cpl" ~~ ;, ~ ~ ~ 2001 CTcF n$ ~~ !$!" ~ 3TicITT, * ~ wr ~ lfflT 42.6 m'©" fhrrcrm $cfi1~4i mitt I W ff 24.8 ~ $cfil$4i (58.22%) ~mu~~<,~ 17.8 ~ $cfi1$4i (41.78%) lJTlTIU1' ~ -ij mlft I ~~~Tm~~ 24.2 ~ $chi $41· (56.81 %) ch9" lfflT mm~~ 6R<-11011 m~ ~ 15.6 ~ $cfil$41. (36.62%) <,~ ~ m~ ~ 2.8 ~ $cfil$41. (6.57%) ch't lfflT mm 1 1987 ~ m ~ ft:ITT~tt $ch1$41. ch't ~ 20.868 ~ $cfil$4i '31j/ll~ct m I ~ff~ R ~~Tm~~ 11.417 ~' 6f<l11011 m!ITTI' ~ 7.766 ~ <,~ ~ m~ ~ 1.685 ~ $cfil~4i m I
~m~'cfil" 01sScfi( ~ ~~ 1988-2001 * ~ ~ fa R '*1 +lPT (~ ftrm;ft" cnTft ~) 21.732 ~ $cfil$4i (42.6- 20.868) m1ft I W ff 18.188 ~ $cfi1$4i (83.69%) ~Tro !ITT!' ~ <,~ 3.544 ~$chl$4i (16.310/o)lJTlTIUl'!ITTl'~mifi I~ lfflT ~ ff 12.783 ~ ~cfil~lli (58.82%) ~ ~~T m~ ~' 7.834 ~ $cht~<.1i (36.05%) 6ft41011 m~ ~ <,~ 1.11s ~ ~cfil~4i (5.13%) ~ m~~mlfr (at GI chi 12.2) I >ff~~cfi\'11 *~~'Cf{ fclcnrn * rni:i: ~ ~ 'PTD <,~ ch+l.l;) cffff ~ 7 .19 ~ $cfil $41° (39.56%) ch9" ~Rlft'*1 +lPT m1TI ~
12.2 2001 oc61JT1T
~ J1 fl f1 @H * ft;r"Q: 18 .23 ~ ·r6·~ 'ffi7lcn lfcfiR ~ ~~~~qt 7.12 o'lJcfil m (a1Glc'.fil 12.1): 1971- 1 tGR"R~qt~~tftcfilft ff ITT ch9" ~ -ij ~ ff ~qr{ cfiT ~ fm;rfil 'g I
1971 ~i:J:,otfto~o *~Trorn~2.576~ ITT~ITTT<r~ft$cfi1$41·~ 18.88~m<Tmt~ ~~~ ~qt 7.33 oqfcffi m11981 ~ lfcfiRT"ch9"~~~~ 5.099~"ITT~~ 33.29~m<T&~~~qt~~6.53 cxlfcfn "ITT~ I~ rn~ ~ qt~ cfi1ft ~~cfl"fR tmmt ~w~nr*1Jl1fiur~~ 11._)71-81 * mR mftill ~ 7 .30 'ff ~ 7 .34 "ITT :ilR ff 7:lQ ,'3D~cfl"fR ~ "ITT JffifT ~ I ~ lfcFiRT ch9" ~o I cl fl I cpl" 'lft ~ ~ Dill ~ m m <lTl<l" lfcFiRT ch't ~ cnfi.ITT'c'.fi+f"ITT~t I
91
- - 1 Proportion of single room tenements ts, total as of
1971.
i) There is a need for adequate planning and identification of sources to raise the required funds to meet the housing demand arising out of additional population due to natural increase, as well as through inmigration into the NCR generally, and also the component of the population that would be deflected from coming into Delhi to the NCR towns;
ii) A special treatment is required to the informal sector housing, as most of the deflected Delhi-bound migrants with their semi and unskilled levels will get occupied in informal sector activities
12.4 Issues
About one-third of the urban population lives in slums. Most of them are engaged in informal sector economic activities. Informal sector has thus, to be viewed as an integral part in the process of spatial planning. In the context of Delhi, the migrants constituting more than one-third of the city's population, are primarily occupied in informal sector activities and, the potential Delhi-bound migrants to be deflected away from Delhi to other NCR towns would also be engaged mainly in the informal sector activities. During 1988-2001, the economically weaker sections of the society constituting mainly the informal sector workers, would require about 8 lakh dwelling units (44%1 of 18.19 lakh additional units) in the urban centres of the Region excluding Delhi Urban Area.
The informal sector housing faces more stresses and strains in mobilising resources as it has no easy access to the housing finance market. The informal sector housing would have to exclusively depend on ir-stltutional support for loans. Thus, in planning informal sector housing, the points for consideration would be:
i) making available developed land at affordable prices;
ii) introduction of minimum needs programme to ensure an environment of minimum urban normative levels; and
iii) provision of an easy access to institutional finance.
12.3 Informal sector housing
5.29 lakh units (29.10%) (Table 12.3).
1 1' 71 c!il' ;;J';:,11Uf,=r[ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cfilR ~ lJcFT;:iT cnf :3TJ1TTif
.. 12.4 ~
l) ~ "CT"Ji"~ ~ ~ JFHi&II cFl° ~faftcRi cil ¢1rt {1, ~ crn FIT~ ~ * cfiRUT 'ITT !IT ~~c(lfl..J cfiT qftu11ii 'ITT !IT~ ·"CT-if~ ~ cf'i ~ ~ ~ ~ tt~ m"~ croo JI -1ti&11 * ~ cnr ~~ TI qffiT fumT m, * IB1Z fl ~fcl ct
'3f[q~ cfil<-l~+l ~ cg;:rr, rrm iil} ~Fcnr~f.r~~mtfcfi~
~ cf>'{;,f I ~ ~™: ~ .-\l q il I ftcfi ~ * cfil•PII( ~~ ~,·
~mu ;i-i '1 f1 &11 * ~~ ~ ~ fil1T ~ cil ftp.fl~~~ I~ fl' ~fflW '31 ;{) q tj IR cfi ~ ~ Ufi'4!cfi<1!41. ~ c'fll" ~~I Wm~ ~ill11Ji •'II ~~ -3Fn q ill Ref>~ cfiT ~ ~ * ffi ~ ~ ~ '{~ 'ITTlTT I~~ .=flT(" cF\" ~ ~ i:i:cn ~ mmr ~q1ftlq1· ~ i '1'fR ~ ~: :ai o11 q ill R:cti m Rt,41 ctit,1141· ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ '1ITT ~ cfffi cm ~ >lcll1ft ~ u$ UJl"m.fi ~ * ~ .=flT("T cFl" 3ITT ~ t tjr ~™: ~.-flqillRcfi ~ * Rh41cfi(>il41 ~ cf)l+f q){l\" I 1988- 2001 *~~*~~f.r~~w cfiT ~ ~: xl1.-iiqtj1Rcfi ~hr* cf>l+PII{ mftn;r t ~~~*~cffi"W~*~®~~ ~~ s ~ ~m ~cfi1~;q1· cFI" ~~mm (18.19 ffi1s" ~laRcRi ~cfil$<-ll0 cfiT 44o/i1) I
11. -11q£t1ftcti ffi*~~*ftm~~ ~ ~~ '31'k~mcti, cFTI% ;anqrnfcfu~ ~ 'ffqi ~ ~ f.r ~ ~ t° I xl,....,H""?1-n14_,.ill..-1-rft'"CT'"cfi
~hlcn cnr ~ * fu1:!; cfwf co ~ ~ m~ mw1 a I ti"{ r.=r'lft ~ ITTllT 1 $fl 111 o; ~ .-i1 q tj I ft cfi m*fu1Z~cFl°~~~ f.:iArnf~ ~1 ~ rnr ~ mrrr:-
i) ~ cFl" ~ * ~~ ~ ~ MctiRict ~~~~I
ii) ...,{•-tctJ:l 00 J.lHqO-sl· * «fTI ~ ~mft"ff cllctlq{OI cfiT ~ ~ * ~ .-i..:irPi
c
~ ·nwP1( ~ * ~r ~ <IB m 5.7o ffi'@
~cfil~'4i (31.34%) .'ffm ~~ '11"R.1 ~ 5.29 ffi'@
~cfi1~'4i (29.10%) mif\" (ctlf~cfil 12.3) I
12.3 ~..flqi:jjfltfi ffl m
The strategy to meet the housing in the NCR would be:
i) To fix priorities in dealing with different segments of the population:
(a) the 19 lakh Delhi-bound migrants should be given top most priority in providing shelter; they would be requiring about 4 lakh units, most of them in informal sector; ·
(b) the potential migrants from the urban centres of the NCR to Delhi should be provided with gainful employment - most of whom will join the pool of the weaker sections of the urban population and may be provided with reasonable hygienic and sanitary conditions; under the slum upgradation scheme, 100% of the beneficiaries of 1.99 lakh units may be provided with financial assistance for improving their homes (Table 12.4);
(c) under Sites and Service schemes, all the beneficiaries of 5.99 lakh units may be provided with institutional finance to provide incremental shelter on self help basis (Table 12.4);
(d) there will be a demand of 5.57 lakh LIG dwelling units during the Plan period, 50% beneficiaries of which may be provided with institutional finance;
(e) 25% of the beneficiaries of MIG dwelling units may also be provided with institutional finance, and
(f) HIG dwelling units may be provided with only developed land at market price.
ii) To identify areas of development in order of priority:
The Regional Plan envisages to develop a four
12.5 Strategy
tions. iii) The standards and norms of the civic
services should conform to the desirable norms almost comparable to that of Delhi as a part of the strategy in developing the Region harmo niously. ..
in the NCR towns away from Delhi. In addition to making available adequate incentives, a major component will be that of shelter to suit their needs and affordability. The problem of informal sector housing may have to be met through making available developed land, and finding ways and means for an easy access to finance institu-
r
92
~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ 'ffai'~ 3tlq~.q cf,(11 Q, ~ m-ch'l- chl<-f..flRt ~ ~ mtft:
i) JI 1 f1€QI cfi~~q,'j- ~~,3\lq,'j- 'ITT~~ ch\11 Q,~~I .
(cfi') ~ '3TA ~ 19 ~ ~ q Ifft .q .'f cfiT '3f1'cITTl ~~ cfi\R -q ~ m-~f'I chdl m "JtT.:fT ~ I ~ ~'qll' 4 ~ ~chi ~41· q,'j- ~~ mtft 3tR rn tr~~ 3t.:i1q=q1ftcfi ~ ~ ml1"1
(~) tJ:foffio~o cfi~m'f~tr~-q'3TA 'cl'm' ~ ~q1ftl4'' cfiT m~ (lJllll{ ~ ~ ~~ tr ~~"ITTtr ~ JI 1 fi @I cfi cfi'I J\1 { qtjf q,'j- ~ t mlT ~ ~ ~ ~ (i~ ~ ch'l- ~!ITTt~~ ~ "JtT.:fT ~I~ ~ -g~ ~ cfi '31"~ 1.99 ffl'9 ~chl~.tll t 100% ~-cliT ffl ~ ~i~I ffi" cfi futz~ ft~f.qa1 m "JtT.:fT ~ ( 12.4) I
(ll') ~ (i~ flcfT ~,3\l cTi '31"~ 5.99 ~ ~ch1 ~<1 l i 'fl'~ m~ i1, fu<1 l col" m wn t ~m-{ tr{
~ '3f1'cITTl ~~ ffi" cfi ~ ~ t16l .q (11 q,'\' "JtT.:fT ~ (al~chl 12.4) I
(~) ~~cfi~5.57~~3tl<f cflf (~ 0 ~ 0 '* 0 ) ITTT"lf~fi ~cfil ~ 4)' q,'j- +n1l" mtft ~ tr 50% ffl~l]lfu<.fi cfiT ~ ~ ~~ M "JfAT ~ I
(s) 'Cf'€fo~o'*o ITTT"lfm ~cfil~lll' cfi 25%
12.5 cn1cf..fl~
~. ~ (i~ ~ q,'j- +n1l" ~ 1!ffi" cTi fut:( ~~~~t~m~~ttm~~ ~~,
ii) 3t .:n q ill ftq, ffl ~ cfiT fcr~ ~ ~ ~ -q ~ wmft, ~ ~~ '31"~ ~ ~cfi mll, ~ ~ ~ ch'l- 311"{ ~ ~ ~ tr ~ 'CJ:,offio~o m ~ ~ 3t..flq=q1ftcfi· ffl Rfi.tllchi.-1141. -q "iH"lT ~ I ~ q~fi~ntl ffi I ~'1 ~ cfi \61 Rt ft cffl ~ ~ ~ q,'j mlft ~ ~ ~~~ (il!ff ~ cfi ~ fil I '31 ..fl q=q1 ft ch ~ ch'l- ~ ~ ~ 'fl'lIT~ ~ chfti a ~ '3tffi""~ ~ cITT: (i~ m ~'31T (icfi
~~~~~~~I , iii) ~~~~~"ft"~~q,'j
tfif<f ~ cTi ~ 'qT"f[ cfi '@f -q .=t 1 l I ft ch flcfT'3\T cfi ~ 3tTI." '111~0:g qjg;ft.q 'll1~a-s1· cfi ~~ ~ ~ Wf'1'T "(>l"lf~ ~ cfi '111 ~a-sl tr q,'j ~ 'ffcfi I
93
At present, there are a number of agencies engaged in arranging housing finance and related activities such as HUDCO and HDFC at the National level, and Housing Development Boards of the three constituent State Governments at the State level, Ghaziabad Development Authority, Khurja-Bulandshahr Development Authority, Meerut Development Authority, Urban Improvement Trust, Alwar and Haryana Urban Development Authority at the local levels. Most of these agencies are engaged partially or wholly in solving housing and/or housing finance problems either at National or State or local levels. But these agencies cannot treat the National Captial Region as a special area for development.
The Government of India has approved creation of the National Housing Bank with a seed Capital of Rs. 100 crores. One of the primary functions of the National Housing Bank is to develop the base level and intermediate level housing finance institutions to extend financial assistance to the Economically Weaker Sections, mostly occupied in informal sector activities, for construction and improvement of their shelter.
The NCR Planning Board Act, 1985 under section 22(l)(c) empowers the Board to receive funds from various sources as may be decided upon by the Central Government in consultation with the participating States and, such funds would be credited to the NCR Planning Board Fund. This provision makes the NCR Planning Board an ideal institution to act as an Intermediate Finance Institution to facilitate in ensuring availability of requisite finances to the target groups for construction of shelter and improvement of
12.6 Housing Finance Institutions
tier hierarchical system of settlements consisting of Regional centres, Sub-regional centres, Service centres and Basic villages. Shelter programmes
I \..vould also follow the same priorities and pattern of development. Accordingly, the identified eight towns/complexes to be developed as Regional centres should be accorded the first priority followed by the Sub-regional centres the second priority, Service centres the third priority followed by Basic villages.
~ ~ ~'d"eil ~ Rfi<llcfi(>ll 41 *~ q;, '$\' ~ ~ cnr cfiTlf ~ ~~·rn <l i qi"{ oo ~ ~ Fcn n$ m qr~ 'd"2IT ~a~ a~ am a '3ITT '{n'<l' ffiU '4't ~ '{n'<l' fl{cfil ~cl· t ~ ~ m '3ITT ~ mu qr i11fJl<11ai1Ct ~ ~.~fcfcnrn~,~-~~ Fc:rcorn ~, ';{TR -gmr ~ ~' i?R:41011 ~~~I~ fr~~ ~j\'ffl<li ~ ~P.("qf ~ ~P.(qf ~ w qr ~ zj ~ WT fr ,3Tiq'J"fl' ~/s3l~ m ~ ~~ ~'311 cnT 'fPIT~ ~ ~ '(>l'lft ~ ! I ~ °<t ~~·rn ll i n"$" ~~ ~ col" fcrcorn" * 'Cl;cfi rcr~~ ~ cnT '@!" ~ ~ 'flcfim ! I
·~ 'fR'm ~ 100 ~ m '$\' ~ ~ t m~ ~~$fic6l"~t~Fft~Rt~cft~1 u$ ~ ~ cnT 'Cl;cfi ~ qif?:f' ~ '3irl14'iilftcfi ~ Rf,4(cfii.>1141 ~ ~ '3iWfq; ~ fr
.. cti'i Ji "i< cfiff cfi)' ~ ~ ~ '3ITT ~ ymr ~ * ~ fcftfr<l' fl i?I <la I ~~ ~ * cfT'ffi ~mr w '3ITT lf~ w * ~ m ~ ~ fcl cfiffl a cR-,T ~ I
u$~m.=ft ~~ ~, 1985 mu 22 (i )(11') * (?if~, m ct!' ~ 'ff<'m &TU 'frn''lTI'lfi ~ cfi llDlr~f ii"~ lf'C( Ruf4- * ~ ~ mmrr q;,~ ~~ ~~cfi(fff-i ~ ~ wro n"$" mm-=fr ~ ~ m f.:n1T ~ ~ '$1'"Jl'f~~I ~~fcl'd41tSIOI ~*'@!"~
12.6 ~ fcrTI ~
"ITT~ -01~41' qil' ~ ~ q;, ~~ fcn?:rr ~ ~I
('=cr) ~o'3TT{o~o ftw:r~ft ~cfil~41 qil' ~ ~ ~ qr ~cnffla ~ ~~ '$\' ~ ~I
ii) mei ~ cna 1 ~ ~ fcl"cfirn ~ qil' ~ '2fi\',T I
~ ~ ~ "qR mtr:r fl c.(>I j?f c. IB're1l qr ~fcn?:ITTp:IT!·~ m-~, m~~' 'flqf ~ 'd"eil ~~ m+T mil' I ~ cfil qrsfi'il. ~ ~ ~ mei fll cna Im 'd"eiT fcl"cfirn i:mfu' qil' ~ ~ I tiCtjtll{ ~ cfi'm ifi '@!" ~ fclcfiffid ~ u=rR ~ :ano 'flT't / cfi i-<n>l cftll° qil' rm4t mei fll cn111 ~ ~~~GTTG~m~f11cna1 m~~ qil' neir ~ mP.1111 cna I flqT ~ cfi)' ~ ~ m ~mr lJPIT cfi)' mei ~ cna 1 ~ ~ ~ 1
D
r
D
houses under the NCR schemes through the impiementing agencies which would act as the base level institutions for implementing the NCR projects.
94
~ ~ * m~u~ {l'ifm* ~~~cm ch 14f,·cFH QJiTB 41. * +IT~ 'ff~* f.n:rfur "ITm +fchT,,T t ~·mr c1i ~· m~ ~ eot ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ef tWlIT ITTtlcfifil ! I ~ ch14f ,:q 4 r1 QJi°ft14 i u$ {l'if m;:fi ~ q Ft ?.JI JJ ,·11 0, ch 1 4ff.:tj a ~ ct ft;r-q: ~mr w ctt m-'3TT cfi ~ ~ ~ cfiVft I
95
Agriculture is the predominant user of land in the Region. The cultivated area consititutes about 80% of the total reporting area. Of the Region's total cultivated area, about 46% is concentrated in the Haryana Sub-region followed by the UP Sub region (37.3%), and Rajasthan Sub-region (13.1%) while Delhi UT has the least of 3.7%. The land put to non-agricultural uses which comprise area under settlements, transport network, rivers and canals covers 9.9% of the total area. The Haryana Sub-region has the highest area of 128431 hectares under non-agricultural uses which form 43.3% of the Region followed by the UP Sub region (38.7%), and the Delhi UT (24.2%) and the Rajasthan Sub-region (5.9%). The occupation of maximum area under this category in the Haryana
13.2 Existing regional landuse pattern
The Landuse Plan for the National Capital Region depicts the exposition of various broad landuscs designed for a balanced and harmonious development of the Region by 2001. The Plan will serve as a guide and provide direction for the use of land in the NCR in both-short and long terms towards accomplishment of the goals of the Plan. This broad landuse plan will be supplemented by Sub-regional plans dealing with respective Sub regions in greater depth to provide more specific policy guidance.
Land is a vital but limited and non-renewable resource. With the tremendous increase in population, the pressure on land has gone up rapidly. Particularly, there is an increasing concern over the loss of primary agricultural land and, the consequent environmental degradation. This is indicative of the utmost need for optimising the use of land resources in the Region through rational uses of urban land, conservation of areas sensitive to development activities and evolving policies for the effective control of landuses.
13.1 Background 13.1 ~~
~~m-:it~cfi~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ 34 <-fl ii)' ctJ- ~ G~w:ft TPft %, ~ ~ 2001 ~~~ct flgRict ~ §oi.lqR~ ~cfiIB~~ (f13JJ1~1)~'lT<t~I ~ ~ ~~m ct~~ cfiflr cntlfT ~ ~ct ~~ ctl- 1ffe!' ct rn~ ~ ~'tr c{l t1rcfi1 R>i i:fi ~ 'ff ~~~&hr~~ ct~ trn~~m >fGR wit I ~ ~~ 'l[ll ~ ~ ctJ- ~ ~~ <-fiJt 11 ct 'ITT1fl' ~ ~ m~ (f{
~~'ff~~~~ ;fiftr ~~ ~~ii1iff.:l~W~~I
~ ~ +r~ ~ mPrct" "ct"~ tr{ ~ur ~ w~ t 1 "11 a @1 ~ Jt iii ~«i qfu ct m~ ~ ctl" ~~ qil" ~~~'ff~ %1 fu~T1:I' ~ 'ff °Tf~ ~ ctl" cfi+ft' "ct"~ 4fto11ii~ 4<.Jfo(ul !°€Pis~ cfifflUffu~'isi'cn:m%1~~ ftIBfil ei ~ ·~ &hr ~ ~ cfiT ·~ ~ Gf1"Rctl" ~ ~~fj" ~~ ~ ~cfif ct Ji ti l I a ~ cfi'{cfi, fcrcfirn Rh lJ { ch(>i I 4 ticrcft rn ~ m~ (fl!IT ~ ~ (f{ ~'q]cft ITT~ ct rn~ -;::ftfuzj ~ ~ m tfi:fi"ct"T % I
. 13.2 qff+ll.=t ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ITT~ ~ cfiT 1-: iii~~ <.Jl l I ef~ ~ ~ "JlT"ct"T t I ~~~ITT~ . cfiT ~ B'Tf'ql'T 80% % I ITT ct ~ ~ a, <ii 141 clIB ~ ~ 'ff B'Tf'lfll' 46% ~ oft 41 a 11 m&hr ~ % ~ 'isi'TQ '3'n'(' ~~T m&hr (37.3%JcfiT~%, ~~mITT(l3.1%J%, ~ ~ ~ ~ ITT~~~ cPr 3.7% % I tr{-~ ~4qjif'j cfi ,3rcnfu ;mcm:r, 4ft.q1zr1 ~' ~~m;mm~~~rn~~R1ii1~ <h'tm {m tJI'f ¥ ~~ 9.9% ~I oft<.11011 "31t'ITT~TR '¢'T5f -:.4 ,.fl i1'i ct ~r~:ft.=n=rGJir ~ 12 431 ~c.R:<-1 < ~ ! 'JlT ~ ~ cfiT 43.3% ! ~ 'isi'TQ '3'n'(' ~~Tm ~ (38.70/o)(fl!fr~~~ ITT (24.2.H1i)"ct"~ ~ m~ (5. 9%) cfiT BTR ~ I ffi<rJlJIT "ct"~ '3'n'('
REGIONAL LANDUSE
13
a) Agriculture: Agriculture occupies 23.92 lakh hectares or 79.9% of the area of the Region. In
and UP Sub-regions is mainly due to the large area occupied by the Ganga and Yamuna rivers and their tributaries and, concentration of non agricultural uses whereas, in Delhi, it is owing to large-scale urbanisation and industrial expansion (Table 13.l).
The third important category is the barren land which includes rocky area, saline patches, gullied land, derelict land covering an area of 141677 hectares or 4. 7% of the total reportlng area of the Region. The highest concentration is in the Rajasthan Sub-region (39.8%) followed by the Haryana Sub-region (24.7%), the UP Sub-region .. (22.3%) and Delhi UT (13.2%). According to land records, forest ·covers a total area of 65222 hectares which forms 2.10/o of the total area of the Region, with the highest concentration in the Haryana Sub-region (52.2%), followed by the up· Sub-region (30.5%) and the Rajasthan Sub-region . (15.2%). The Forest Departments of the NCR participating States place the total area under forest at 1534 7 4 hectares, with a break up of 55544 hectares under reserve forests, 31640 hectares under protected forests, 56202 hectares under unclassified forests and 10088 hectares under social forests (Table 13.2). The satellite imageries, however, show only 35557 hectares i.e. 1.2% of the reported area under forests. The satellite imageries include only the compact forests under tree cover while records give the area under protected category also.
Culturable waste land constitutes 57484 hectares of land which is 1.8% of the total Regional area. The UP Sub-region has the highest of 44.5% of the total area followed by the Haryana Sub region (41.8%) under culturable wastes. Delhi has the least area· of 1.5% of the total culturable waste land in the NCR. The area under 'permanent pastures and other grazing land' which forms 1.2% of the total area of the Region is mainly concentrated in the Haryana (45.0%) and the Rajasthan Sub-regions (42.0%), while the land under 'miscellaneous trees and groves' is concentrated in the UP Sub-region. The area under water bodies include lakes, reservoirs, tanks and forms 0.28% of the total area. Map 3 shows the landuse of the Region as of 1987.
13.3 Status of landuse-categorywise: 1987
96
~~T "31l·~ll W 53t"CTft $~~~!ITT" cfiT ~ cfiftur ~ t f4i ~ ~ !ITT" lfTTT o~ ~ ~ol!IT~fl~1.qi:fi~~ftRT~~~itt" ~~7:ffit~m1T<T!~ · ll~ mur ~ 'q+fA in:- ~rn{li:fi{u1 ~ ~El1f11i:fi ~ ~ (a1f<1~1 13.1) I
ITIBtt Ii tH'q iof ~ ~ ~ 'cfiT ~~ il c!_cl ..ft IITTf, ~ ~' ~ qIBT 1!rf, qftM@ ~ ~ ! ~ WcfiT ~ 141677 ~ <IT W !ITT"cf'i~ !.IRt~~a !ITT"cfif 4.7% ~I~~ !ITT" (39.8%)~"3111ITTfll%1~~~ft.q1011"311 !ITT" (24.7%), "3"'ncs:r~~T"31l !ITT" (22.30/o)o~~tftf UiRf IITTf (13.2%) cfiT ~ ! I W4 ~ $ ~ ~ ~ 65222 ~ IITTf -qt siJ: i m w IITTf $ ~ ~ cfiT 2.1% ~ ! I q.:ff cfiT ~ ~ ~ ~ft.q1ou "3"tf IITTf (52.2%) ll ! 1 ~ ~ "3"m ~~T "311 ~ (30.5%) ~ ~ "311 IITTf (15.2%) cfiT ~%I D~ D"Jf'tlRI" !ITT"$~$ q;:r fcl"~ $ ~ q.:rf cfTill ~ ~ 153474 ~%~~-~~%:55544~i:Rl!{ ~q;fft~~' 31640~~q;fft ~~' 56202 ~ ~M ifT~a q;ff t ~~ ~ 10088 ~ flll·llfrli;fi q;ff (~ ~) cfi ~~ (aiR>li:fil 13.2)1n:"~~$fu;ff$~ q;ff cfiT ~ ffl" 3555 7 ~ % ~~ q;ff cfi ~~~1T<T!ITT"cfif 1.2% 1~$~llm "<teff err#~ q;:r ~ '1j"ffi ! ~ ~ ll ~ q;ff cfiT ~ 'lfi ~~ % I
¢'~ <W<T in:-cfi W4 5 7 484 ~ ~ ~ W !ITT" $ ~ ~ cfiT 1.8% % I "3"m ~~ "31l &hf ll ~ ~~' ~ ~ cfiT 44.5% 'qf1T W IITTf ll !~ ~ m<ITUTT "311 !ITT" ( 41.8%) cfiT ~ ~ I D~ D"Jf'tlRI" !ITT" ll ~ WN <ll1cr i:rnft W4 ll ~ cfiT ~ Cfilf !ITT" 1.5% ~I~ i:l{llli:fi° o~ ~ "'qT{ cFI" ~ qffil ~ W ~~T cfi ~ !ITT" cfiT 1.2% ! ~ ~ :!'@lo: m<ITUTT (45.0%) o~ ~ "31l ~ (42.00/oJ ll ~ ! ~ fcl"fcl"~ "<teff o~ r11f<1.q1· '?f mu ~ J'l! I q I a { "3"m ~~T "311 IITTf ll % I ~~p:ff $ ~~ ~ qffi° !ITT" ll m#, ~7 ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ IITTf cfiT 0.28% ! I 'l I ..JG:.!~ 3 ~ W ~ cfi er( 1987 cfiT ~ ~ ~~Tfcrr lTllT ! I
13.3 1lffi ~ cJ;T cfTfcrr{ ~-1987
q;) ~: ~ W !ITT" ll 23.92 ~ ~ <TI" WcfiT 79.9% ~tR'§"Q:! I ~ll~ 59.',% !ITT" ll "©cft cfi9" "JlTITT % I
97
Delhi, only 59.9% of the area is under cultivation. b) Forest: A comparative analysis of forest
area through Landsat satellite imageries and land records reveals that 45% of the total forest area is devoid of forest. This vast area has been denuded by encroachment or by other uses and indis criminate deforestation. In the Haryana Sub region, 31,925 hectares (Table 13.3) of the forest area is reported as tree-less area. There is a loss of huge forest area of 59,558 hectares in the Rajasthan Sub-region due to encroachment and indiscriminate felling of trees. In the UP Sub region, an area of 29,455 hectares (Table 13 31 should be under forests which includes reserved, protected, unclassified and social forests against 11,601 hectares of land under actual tree cover, and thus, there is a loss of 17,854 hectares of forests. Bulandshahr district, has the highest shares of such denuded area.
c) Barren land: This category of land includes quartzite rocks, sandy and saline patches, gullied land and derelict lands According to the satellite imageries, 6.5% of the total area is .under barren lands against 4.7% as per the land records Most of the gullied lands are concentrated in the Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi Sub-regions around the Aravalli ranges. In other parts, it occurs along the river and stream courses whereas saline patches are concentrated in the Haryana and Uttar pradesh Sub-regions especially in the excessively irrigated areas Sandy patches exist in abandoned river courses in the Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan Sub-regions
The land actually under the category 'Barren land' as interpreted from the satellite imageries shows that more area has become barren for one reason or the other in addition to the area designated under this particular category.
The analysis reveals that as much as 53,044 hectares (Table 13.41 of land has become barren over and above the barren land as per the land records in the Haryana Sub-region, whereas it is to an extent of 6,6 72 hectares in the UP Sub-region, and 2,114 in the case of the Rajasthan Sub-region Interestingly, an area of 7,269 hectares in Delhi UT is found reduced compared to the land records which nay be mainly due to-the reasons of urban expansion and proliferation of secondary and tertiary activities
d) Culturable waste: Rohtak (13,000 hectares and Bulandshahr districts (12975 hectares: have extensive areas under culturable
~) -cr.{:~t~ct~~fuifom~ ~ "ff 'inf~ i ~ ~ q.'f" !ff;[ cfi 45% 'rn<r 11" q;:r ~!I~ til6T ~~~'<:IT :.oR Jq lli i1"'i tllcfiR1Jf cr~ ~iiii 1 ~ FPf Rcf~ cnTc-T ct~ur .:fT.1 "ITT lfllT t I ~ft41011 ~~~er;,~ cfiT 31925 tcltq-r ITT cf~ ~<JT ~ t'(oTIBcfiT 13.3)1 ch~ cfi{rfITi~jf'.Tfff :tG~cfi·fflUT~
. 'i3"'TITT 1t 59,558 ~?:R~ ~ 'sl6T er;,~ wrri:n m lf<JT t 'i3"'(f{ [ t~ 'i3"'T ITT lf 29,455 ~?:R ITT~ er;, m-=r~c((a1Rlchl 133)1 ~ ~' ~ 31qiffo:;a crm fill-llMch q;:r (t11ff1<1<1 ~) ~~ ! ~ qffifq ~ cf!ITT ~ ~ITT ~ 11,601 ~t~w~ 11.ss4~~tr{q;f ~i1 ¢~~~W~cfiT'!~~ ffi~~I
lf) $;n ~: w cflf ch'l' ~ ~ ~ ~ =qc:;_c1ri,~~~~'~crIBt~~m qftflfcffi ~~6'1~tll~cfi~~ ~ cfiT 6.5% "WT~ ~cfif 6' ~ ~ ~ cfi ~ ~· 4.7% ~I @~;gql{ 'Jf1fR ~lC:1<1{ 3l{lq(>f) m- ~ tm~-m~'CT'if{~, ~n:<11011 '31tt ~ ~ rn ~ ! I :.oR 'qflIT ~ ti:m 'Jf1fR ~ 'qflIT ct m~-m~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~1~1a{ ~ft<JIOll(fm~~hTrn~~tfcr~~~ ~~m"ITT!I nfrn~~~~T(fm ~ ~rn ~ qftf!.l cffi ~ 00 ~ i I
~%"ff IB1J; ~ ~ cfi ~ ~: "~ ~· qft ~ ~ aj- ~ t "JT-ffr 'inf~% Fci, w cflf fcr~ iji ~ ~ 1T<t ~ cfi 31 Rtftcffi ITT M -;, fcnm qiRlJf "ff ~ m ~ t I
fcr~tw~~fcl:I ~ft<11011 'i3"li~~ ~ ~ cfl '3~ ~ ~ffi ~ cfi 31,Rlftcffi 53044 ~ ~ ,3TI"t ~ m ~ &: (al~chl 13.4) ~ ~ ~~T 'i3"li~ ~ ti:m '3f+fi.:r 6,672 ~(fm~'i3"li~~ 2,114~!1 ~ 'Q;q1 ~<1 ti fll iITTf ~ ~ ~ ~ qft ~ ~ ~~~ ~~ 1,260 ~ ITT~cfilft!1 m 'f1'cfi"i1T ~ fcn ~ ~: ~ ~ ffm fl cf1.-s{1 -3IT{ c{~<f(t Rfi<l I cht1 I 41. clft ! cfi ?fiT{'Uf '§''*1" m I
~) ffl' ~ tmft : UITTfcn (13 000 ~)-=a-~~~~ 12975~)~~ <frnr 'l«fi ~ cfi fcr$ ~ ! I ~ 'lITTir 1R"ITT ~ ctfr ~ ~ :.oR Brn- t11..ftqa, lilf-ii'4lcill~, m ~~!,
s) llr ~ ,3q4)~n cJ; ~ ~ ~: ~ ~~~wcflt"~~~~t~ i:1Rt~~a ~ ~ ctfr 24.2% ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
--- - -- - - - -- - ---- -- --- --- -- - --
• Permanent Pasture and Land under Tree Crops and Groves
D Cultivated Land
• Barren Land and Culturable Waste
• Forest
Land put to
• Agricultural Use and Water Bodies
RAJAS THAN
98
HARYANA
Figure-12: Land Utilisation 1986-87: Sub-regionwise
13.4 Changing characteristics of land uses
The landuse characteristics in the NCR are influenced mainly by two factors: The first has been
waste lands. Other districts, having concentration of culturable waste lands are Sonepat, Ghaziabad, Meerut and Alwar.
e) Land put to non-agricultural uses: In Delhi Sub-region, this category forms maximum of 24.2% of the total reporting area compared to nearly 10% in the Haryana Sub-region as well as UP Sub-region The concentration of this use is significant, apart from Delhi, in Gurgaon, Faridabad and Mahendragarh districts of the Haryana Sub-region Figure 12 presents Sub regionwise land utilisation
f) Others: Land under permanent pasture and other grazing lands which meets the fodder requirements of the·cattle occupy 1 2% of the total area of the NCR The Rajasthan and Haryana Sub regions have the highest concentration (2 7%) of the reporting area Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves constitutes a meagre proportion of O 2% of the NCR
13.4 ~ '34<fH11 cb'\' ~ ~ fct'~~
~~m;:ft~~~~~m fcr~ "la I Q, ~ ~ 'fl' ~~ i I tmffi cli'f\UT <ffi ~ fcfi ~ITT~~ fcr~ ~~ITT~,~ fshq(cfi(1141 ~~ff cfl!fr f.mrr ~ ~ ~ ~ qftullSi("<:164 Ff RMlcfi(>ll41. ff m ~JJ1i11( cfi ~~~*~~\.lqlffi<-licSm * cITT'Uf mm m ~ cfi'l- :JHfi@1 ~.~ ~*'
~ft ll 1011 "311 ITT crm "3'm ~~T "311 ITT ~ <IB -~·rirrr 10% ~I ~ $ ~Rlftctct ~ftq1011 "311 ITT $ ~}\5iliq, lhl'&lisllq cfm Sii1HPI¢ ~ ~ 'm ~ ~ ctr aig<-kll ~1 ftBr-12 ~ '31l-rn * ~ ~ cfi1' G"if<n" ll<n" ~ I
T.f) ~: ~ il(l'lll?1' cfl!fr ~ ~ ~ ~ $ '3T~ ~ ~;m- $ ~ cfi'l- ;mq;i.q cfid IQ, ~ cn"nft ! ~ ~ 'l=fflT u$ ~~ ITT * ~ ITTcfiT 1.20/o ~ 1 ~om ~ft:.q1011'3'Cf rn~ \.lfutj~a ITT cfiT ~ ~ 'l=fflT (2.7%) ~ 1 ~~
cJ:~~om~*~~~-~cfilf~~ ~ ITT cfi'l- 0.2% ~I
99
the continuous and rapid increase of the economic activities, particularly in the Delhi Urban Area (DUA) and the consequential rise in population within the DUA mostly due to inflow of migrants to seek employment opportunities created by the economic activities In 1981, about two-thirds of the total urbanites of the NCR were concentrated only in Delhi The second factor has been the rapid increase in the development of industrial activities on the traffic arteries radiating from Delhi and, the consequent pre-mature and speculative sub division of land for residential and industrial uses along the corridors outside Delhi The development activities in the secondary and tertiary sectors in the OMA towns have leap frogged leaving widening gap in the development of physical and social infrastructure. The other towns in the Region beyond the Delhi Metropolitan Area (OMA) have been growing slowly with normal activities and natural increase. The landuse demands in the three distinct areas, namely, the Delhi UT, the OMA excluding Delhi UT and the area beyond the OMA, are influenced by the aforesaid developmental activities.
The convergence of road and rail routes in Delhi has favoured flourishing of wholesale trade activities, and Delhi has become one of the biggest distributive centres in the Country. The present disposition of landuses within main urban centres and also the mushrooming industrial agglomera tion along the transport corridors have amply been reflected in varied economic activities The change in landuse characteristics particularly the conversion of agricultural land for non-agricultural · uses has been at a big scale during the last two decades This has brought in the attendant degradation and deterioration in the environment and eco-system. Vast tracts of fertile agricultural land have been converted for industrial and economic uses However, -the primary sector and agricultural economy will continue to dominate as the mainstay of the Region though the urban structure might play a significant role in shaping the future landuses of the Region
Moreover, the proposed transport and communication system based on the radial corridor pattern would warrant a rationalisation of landuse in the Region. In the urban centres, along the traffic corridors also, creation of more employment opportunities in the secondary and tertiary sectors would bring about a shift in the land requirement from non-urban to urban uses The
1981 ~ ~ ~mnmm~ t~~ ~~~ ~~.f~m~1 ~mur~rntfcn ~ "ff Fl cfi <'1-i cfffi q I rl I ll I ct lfTTff q"{ 31"\ W fl I cfi Rhlllcfi(>\141 * ~ .f ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ qfto11.:ifq{lq ~ "ff ~' ch'lftsl{ t m2f-m~ frnll"~ft ~ ~h.11\11cfi 34<lllll0 * ~"CJ: 01qftqcfq ~~ 64(q,{il~cfi qft.:i1J1('1 cfi ril<.rcfit"~ ~ cfiT ~~ g3TI ~ 1 ~ ii m <'Ill { ~ t-;,mt ~ ?l ct.-:s() om c{~ !ff5ll ~ fcfcfiTTI ftti 41 cfii:1, q ~ WcR ~ ~ ~ ~ :mr ~ om a,ii,~cfi ;arrmz~ fi{iHI cfi<iln:r~~~~~ I~ +1Q1.-ii1{ ~'fi"~~~~cf1~.fl"R1-q m.:i,.=q Rh<l I cfi(>i I 41° om "fq'PlTfcrcfi cf@ cfi "ITT2f mt -mt fcrcfirn mcfT rsr ~ I (lR ~ -~ rn 31"~ ~ "fi"q W<r ITT, ~ w:r W<r cfiT 01 '?cfi{ ~ .:iQ1.-ii1{ ITT om~ +1Q1.-ii1{ ~ff ~cfl ITT-q ~ ~ ~m 3Ticf~<lcfia,<l 34{1cffi ~ i"sfi<llcfi<'ll41 ff~~ "ITTm ~ I
tfscFi om t<'I" lfTTft'cfiT ~ -q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ oqrq,-{ ~m ~<11 cfi<'114l· cf;~ -q rn ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -q ~~T cfiT ~ ~ fcn:rrur ~ ~ lf4T ~I~ m ~ -q ~ ~ ch1t qJ+11.-i ~ -3f1"{ qftq ci.-i colft-s1d clim~ -m~ 01lEi1\11 cfi ~ cfi't" ~ ~ ~ fsfilllcfi<'1141° -q ~~m=ft!,~~~mm~;m~ qftqJ.-i, fcr~ ~ ~ cfiT "JR-Ff ,3q41iff cf; ft,t::i: qftq J.-i fq-oo ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ q1lR qr g3ff ~I~ cf; m2f q;qfq{OI i'fm ~ ~ ~ \li(lqc'.. ~ i I 34Jll31 ~ ~ct~~ ~ ~fk.nfl,q; :mr ~ 3q41i11 ct~~~~ ~ 1 omfq-m~ ITT om~ 31"~ cfiT w ITT ~ ~ ;arfm-{ ct~~~~~~ Qlt1iRh w ~~ ~~left '34<lll . cfiT ~ ~ -q ~~
.~ ~~'qf~i, ~ .•. "<rnllt:1 ih1ft-s1c4&ftr qr
~~ !,IRJl~rl qftqQ.-j :mr ~ ~ * .. ~W~~T~ ~~cfiTrlchfillrl ~cfi't"
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~ -- -~ . - --- -~--- - ------ --~---
13.6 Proposals
i) Land for urban development
Out of the projected population of 325 lakhs by 2001 AD for the NCR, about 234 lakhs would be accommodated in the urban areas which accounts for 72%. Out of the total population assignments for NCR, assignment for Delhi Urban area is 110 lakhs, for the OMA towns excluding Delhi: 37 lakhs, the eight priority towns/complexes: 49 lakhs and the rest of the towns, 40 lakhs by 2001.
13.5 Issues i) The process of urbanisation in the Region is ..
comparatively faster than other areas. With the policy of inducing development in the regional and sub-regional centres, the urbanisation will be much faster which implies additional land for urban expansion. Delhi will require large chunk of land to accommodate the envisaged population. All this will necessitate conversion of agricultural land into urban or non-agricultural uses. A rational landuse pattern would have to be worked out to protect and preserve good agriculural land and utilising unproductive land for urban uses.
ii) The Region, for all practical purposes is devoid of forest cover worth its name. -Against the National Forest Policy stipulation of an average coverage of 33% (20% in plains and 60% in hills) the Region has only 1.2% of forest cover. Thus, the entire Region has become environmentally sensitive and, the eco-system is already disturbed. Wide spread measures will have to be taken to improve the situation.
iii) More and more land patches become barren either due to increase , in salinity or indiscriminate abuse through destruction of vegetative cover. This land in fact, is potential for productive use either for afforestation or agriculture use after proper reclamation and replenishment of its lost fertility.
anticipated urban population of 234 lakhs by 2001 as against a mere 91 lakhs in 1981 in the Region would also warrant adequate economic opportunities mostly in the non-agricultural occupations to be created by the turn of the century. However, as a major aspect of the regional development policy, most of these activities with employment opportunities are to be developed in the selected urban centres for development on priority basis.
100
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101
Development of forest resources is of vital importance in preserving the environment and · eco-system which greatly influences the climate pattern for better. Their presence is also essential as a safeguard against flood and erosion.
Forests occupy a meagre proportion of 1.2% of the NCR area and, are ·under constant danger of encroachment and denudation.
Viewing the situation of the forests in the Region with reference to the National Forest Policy, the Region's forest cover should be increased in any form such as protected, reserved, community and social forestry in all those areas which are not fit mainly for agricultural use. The main targets of operation will be:
a) to afforest and vegetate barren lands, rocky areas, culturable waste land etc, so that the forest or vegetative cover is raised atleast to 10% of the land area;
ii) Land for forest
To accommodate this population, additional urban land would be necessary. The additional land, by and large will be met by conversion of agriculture land. A study of the distribution of urban settlements and their spread reveals indiscriminate use of land for urban uses. It is, therefore, only reasonable that both urban and rural settlements should be developed in future in as compact manner as possible and, on lands unfit for agricultural use. With this in view, especially for the urban settlements, the following density norms are suggested:
a) For urban centres upto 1.0 lakh population, a density of 80 persons per hectare.
b) For urban centres of 1.0 lakh to 5.0 lakh population, a density of 110 persons per hectare, and
c) For urban centres of more than 5.0 lakh population, a density of 125 persons per hectare.
Whenever these norms are not readily obtained in the existing urban centres, an appropriate redensification is suggested to be taken up to attain the density norms. Accordingly, the total area under urban use for the OMA (excluding OUT), priority towns and other towns in the NCR will be of the order of 1,23,561 hectares (Table 13.2) by 2001. This would mean an additional area of 45291 hectares would be required for urban expansion between 1981-2001. ~Uf 0fu:~~-r!T~chT~
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mftrn" cfiB * ~ r;~J~e>i fcn<IT ~~I ct~jt11{ 2001 ~ liGlrlll-{ flhr (~ tier ~ chT u1'?chl) u~ ~m,:ft lfl::f ~ m\>.lf1ichct1 clIB .=flRT 'ft'm ~~ .=flRT * ~ '¥f ~mn flhr 1,23,561 ~m<TT(fll~chl 13.2)~~~~% fcn 1981-2001 *~~mt fcrffiR * ~ 45291 ~ ~cfn flhr ~ '3llcf~<fchill mifr I
- --- - -- - . ·. - - - -- -- - -- - -
The un-planned urbanisation and industriali sation and intensive exploitation of resources with little regard to environment, affect the environment and ecology balance adversely. An intimate and in separable relationship exists between the environment and development and, sustained develpment may not be achieved by ignoring the environmental causes.
To achieve the overall development of the NCR without destruction of its natural environment, all economic activities need to be rationally planned. Special attention should be given to check the damage to natural features and environment by man's interference for development purposes.
In the NCR, the major natural features are the
iv) Conservation area
For meeting the growing demand for food and food products, theexisting cultivated land of 23.92 lakh hectares should be kept reserved for agricultural use. Efforts should be made to increse the production through intensive cultivation by providing irrigation facilities and other necessary infrastructure.
In view of the anticipated changes in landuse, there would be a major impact on land requirement of agricultural sector. To the extent that new employment opportunities are proposed in non agricultural sector and consequent concentration of population, the urban expansions would have to be largely met from the agricultural and other non urban uses. It is, however, necessary to institute measures for the protection of prime agricultural land and to ensure against its needless conversion. This necessitates a rational policy as to the utilisation of less and least valuable land for urban expansion/new urban centres.
iii) Land for agriculture
b) to intensify the forest cover by planting suitable species in the sparsely forested · zones and denuded areas, and
c) to identify alternate sources of energy for fuel and also to find methods of increasing the efficiency in the use of the forest fuel especially from the social community forests. These should be taken up in a phased and planned manner so that afforestation and vegetation sustain and stablise over time.
102
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103
\, a) Urbanisable area-2001
Within the urbanisable area.-2001, which is proposed in the Master Plans of the respective towns, the functions and uses designated as under could be continued:
1) Residential 2) Commercial 3) Industrial 4) Government offices 5) Recreational 6) Public and semi-public 7) Circulation 8) Open spaces, parks and playgrounds 9) Grave yards/cemeteries and burning ghats. The detailed uses within the urbanisable area
in order to avoi haphazrad development and ensure orderly development of the rapidly developing urban sector in the National Capital Region, a legislative tool in the form of Zoning Regulation is a necessity. Keeping in °view the anticipated rapid urban expansion of the NCR towns and also the rate of environmental degradation in the Region, the following four distinct zones have been identified for application of strict landuse control and development. An attempt has been made to identify the likely major economic activities in the following use zones/ areas:
a) Urbanisable area b) Green belt/green wedge c) Areas along the major transport routes d) Remaining rural land
v) Landtise control: Z ning regulation
Ridge, an extended part of the Aravalli range, the forest areas, the rivers Yamuna and Ganga. Apart from these, the NCR has two sanctuaries namely, Sariska Wild Life Sanctuary in the Rajasthan Sub region and Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary in the Haryana Sub-region harbouring a large number of wild animals and birds. The ridge areas and these sanctuaries should be conserved with utmost care and, should be afforested with suitable species.
The rivers Yamuna and Ganga have a high level of water pollution, mainly from the un-treated sewage and waste from industrial and residential areas. While measures have been taken to make the river Ganga pollution free under 'Ganga Action Plan', similar action is needed to check pollution of the river Yamuna too .
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The un-desirable industrial development in the areas 'beyond the urbanisable area limits of the
c) Green buffer along the major transport corridors
b) Green belt/green wedge
The peripheral agricultural zone in( the immediate vicinity of the urbanisable area is ~y vulnerable to encroachment by development. To arrest undesirable growth in this zone and, ts,i ensure orderly and compact urban development/a . control belt is proposed all around the expected developable area. The development will be restricted or strictly controlled in this green belt. The activities compatible with open character of land will be permitted. The major landuses that could be permitted in these zones are as under:
l) Agriculture, particularly high value cash crops
2) Gardening 3) Dairying 4) Social forestry/plantation 5) Quarrying 6) Cemeteries 7) Social institutions such as school, hospital 8) Recreation or leisure The detailed boundaries of the gr~n belt/gxeen
wedge will be defined in the Sub-regional plans and master pl$.ns_
In the cases of settlements particularly those which are in close vicinity to each other either along the roads or interior, the intervening space between the settlements should be kept green which can be designated as green wedge. This will prevent not only any development other than permitted taking place around the settlement but also prevent them from merging with each other. The green wedge should be forested and, wherever it is not possible for pressing reasons, it could be in the other forms of greens.
wi~ governed by the local a11tbar1ty..;;tCcording to the prescribed uses in the Master Plans. The master plans for Delhi Metropolitan Area and priority towns should be prepared under the existing rules and acts of the participating States/UT In order to / avoid the landuse conflicts especially in the Delhi I Metropolitan Area towns, the master plans of all the towns within the National Capital Region Should be prepared in COrlSUltation With the I
National Capital Region Planning Board.
104
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D
The remaining rural zone include mainly the vast agricultural land, forest, ridge areas and rural settlements. This zone of virgin qgricultural land at present, is being threatened by the spotted industrialjurban encroachments especially along the 5 National Highways and, State Highways. The lower cost of land in the rural areas, excellent transportation system and marketing for the products have accelerated the development of industries along the roadsides. The following major landuses can be designated in the rural lands. Strict prohibition and control on the large scale and hazardous industries, has to be exercised in the rural zone:
l) Intensive agriculture and allied activities 2) Afforestation especially on the hills, rocky
lands. 3) Regional recreational facilities such as
regional parks, wild life sanctuary. 4) Cemeteries, schools, institutions, like hospi
tals may be permitted. However, the propo sed development, should neither involve the use of high yielding agricultural land nor should it adversely affect a site of special scenic beauty or of ecological interest.
5) Quarrying 6) Brick kilns 7) Existing village mandies 8) Rural industries etc. These landuse proposals are shown in Map 4 .
D
d) Remaining rural land
towns along the Highways would become a serious problem in the near future. There will be a continuous ribbon development along the major transportation routes. The large scale development beyond urbanisable limits of any town should be strictly controlled. A width of 100 metres on either sides along the National Highways and the proposed Expressways and, 60 metres on either sides along the State Highways should be kept as green buffer. Those should be afforested under the control of the Forest Departments. Only activities permitted in the green belt as indicated earlier would be allowed.
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~ ----- - -~ . - ---- ---- - - - - -~----- --
Air: Utter disregard to environment has placed Delhi in the unenviable position of being the world's third grubbiest and unhealthy city. Delhi records 12 times the national average for respiratory ailments mainly due to the unchecked pollution or the thick clouds of smoke that hang over the city. An estimated one million motor vehicles, thousands of industrial units in conforming and non-conforming use zones, some of them hazardous and, hundreds of stone crushers located in different parts of the Union Territory, are responsible for this situation.
The power plants in Delhi account for as much as 82% of the total industrial pollution in Delhi. Though the Electro Static Precipitators (ESP) to trap the flyash are fitted, the Kalpavish Environ mental Action Group has found that these ESPs are working at less efficiencies than intended. The
a) Delhi UT
i) Present environmental status of the Region
Environmental changes are inevitable conse quence of developmental process. In NCR, damage to the environment by man's interference for development purposes or otherwise has taken place mainly in the form of denudation of its scanty forests. Unless necessary steps are simul taneously taken to preserve it, the environmental health of the National Capital Region may start deteriorating.
There is also a gradual decline in the quality of environment in the industrial area of the Delhi Urban Area in particular, and other industrial towns of the Region in general. The undesirable environmental effects of industries are noise, smoke, dust and dirt, odour, emission of toxic gases, glare, vibrations, effluents, and aesthetic and psychological factors and many more.
14.1 Background
106
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14.1 ~~
ENVIRONMENT AND ECO DEVELOPMENT
14
107
Water: The major share of Delhi's water is from the Yamuna. Nearly, 1200 million litres of domes tic and industrial wastes, containing about 100 tonnes of BOD (Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand) load are let into the Yamuna every day. In fact, the entire stretch from Delhi to Agra is unfit for bathing and drinking. Ninteen major storm water drains meet the river in Delhi. A survey by the Central Pollution Control Board in 19~4 revealed that five drains namely, Najafgarh, Civil Mill, Power House, Sen Nursing Home and one from Okhla Sewage Plant contribute more than 95% of the Yamuna's total BOD load. The thermal plants discharge waste oils and chemicals into the drains that threaten subsoil waters that seep into the river. Some of the industries discharge dangerous pollutants like cadmium, zinc, chromium, cyanide, oil, grease and colour into the river. Major part of the solid wastes of the city are dumped at many places in the open areas in the city which pollute the air, subsoil water and land too.
According to a study on Environmental Impact Assessment and Guidelines for Industries Develop ment in NCR by the School of Planning and
mushrooming industrial units not only pollute the environs but also pose safety hazards as a large number of them are located in the thickly populated areas of the Walled City and in the residential complexes in the North and West Delhi. Of the 15000 polluting industries, nearly 5000 industrial units including hazardous units such as chemicals, electro and nickel plating and plastics are in the non-conforming areas. Each 500 tonnes crusher throws 3 tonnes of suspended particulate matter daily and, the dust concentration around them varies from 3000 to 8000 micro grains per cubicmetre of air. This is 15 to 40 times the limit prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board.
Fifty percent of the total atmospheric pollution in the Capital, however, comes from the emission of nearly a million vehicles. A study by the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, at the behest of the Delhi Administration found that only 18% of the Delhi Transport Corporation buses and 10% of the trucks that ply on the Delhi roads have the standard smoke intensity of 65% on the Hartridge scale. Nearly, 41 % of the OTC buses and 50% of the trucks and, all tempos monitored by the IIT had a smoke intensity over 90% on the Hartridge scale. The railways are also contributing to the air and noise pollution in the city.
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The solid and liquid.wastes of the industrial estate are dumped on the Jaipur road side causing water stagnation and insanitation. There is pollution of
Dharuh~ra
There are around 1800 polluting industries and amongst them, 337 industries including electro plating processors are more polluting. There are a number of private owned electroplating units in the residential areas seriously endangering the health of the residents. Traces of zinc have been found in the water drawn from the borewells and, this poses an alarming health hazard to many in the city. Moreover, in the absence of sewage treatment, the raw sewage is let into the drains damaging the environment.
Faridabad-Ballabgarh Complex
Bahadurgarh
Bahadurgarh has extensive areas under industries. The industrial area near railway station with about 100 small and large industries, private industries north of the road cause air and water pollution. Though HUDA has constructed sewage treatment plant, major part of the sullage is dis posed off on land as the plant is not yet completed.
This textile town has a number of handloom and powerloom industries dealing with woollen fabrics. The effluents from these industries are allowed into an open drain. A large and highly polluted drain through the middle of the city outfalls into the Yarnuna polluting it to dangerous proportions.'
Panipat
b) Haryana Sub-region
Sonepat
Large scale pollution 9f land and water from the effluents of large industries is prevalent in Sonepat. Roads adjacent to Atlas Industries are polluted with solidwastes and sullage water causing insani tation and health hazards. The Shanti Paper Mills, Engineering industries, Seafarm Roller Tanner; Gedore Tools and Hindustan Everest Foods and units of the Kundli Industrial Estate cause both air and water pollution.
Architecture, New Delhi, the status of environment of the industrial towns of NCR is in brief as under:
108
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109
This is a unique case where a large number of
Khurja
d) Uttar Pradesh Sub-region
Alwar has two industrial areas, one in the town is of medicine and chemical industries which create pollution hazard; the other one is outside the town consisting of chemical gases and glass industries which give rise to large scale pollution. There are chances of gas leakages which had occurred at minor levels causing eye irritation to the residents nearby.
Al war
Bhiwadi Industrial Estate located on the Rajas than-Haryana border accommodates number of large industrial units besides a number of small scale industries. There is no arrangement to deal with the solid and liquid wastes. The sullage water is carried untreated through the natural drainage channels towards Haryana causing a great hazard of water pollution. The Cardboard Factory and the two paper mills are the most polluting units and, their solid and liquid wastes are dumped on land. The coal ash is not properly disposed off.
Bhiwadi
c) Rajasthan Sub-region
Among the many industries in the city, polluting industries are of the ceramics, rubber and iron works etc. For want of adequate power supply, even the large industries are using diesel genera tors which aggravate the smoke pollution hazards.
Gurgaon
air, water and land in an extensive way in the Estate. The paper mills throw out liquid wastes on to the road and also the gaseous wastes (sulphuric acid) which has damaged the agricultural crops as well as trees in the area. The solid wastes from the paper and chemical industries being dumped on land will spoil the land as well as the water resources. The Oriental Carbons and Chemicals Ltd. and the Multi Technical Chemical Industries cause heavy pollution of land, water and air.
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There are a number of industries manufacturing
Sahibabad
The food processing plant, engineering shops located on the border of Delhi cause air and water pollution.
Mohan Nagar
There are a number of industrial complexes comprising forging units, rolling mills, paper plants, metallurgy plants, pharmaceuticals, rubber industries and electro-plating. All these cause serious water and air pollution. The wastes pollute the Hindon River. The calendering and dyeing plants at Pilakhuwa, though small in size, cause water pollution in a big way.
Ghaziabad
A large number of industries which have been located on road side as well as inside the city have no provision for any treatment of the liquid waste and, it is discharged into the Kalinadi. This endangers the inhabitants of the area as well as the ground water sources. The chimneys of various plants are causing air pollution.
Modi Nagar
Meerut city has three industrial areas - one at Partapur, one at Modipuram and the other at Daurala, In Partapur, presently only water pollution by the distillery is reported. Modipuram industrial complex is reported to have no significant pollution problem so far. The small industrial units within the city are causing air, water and land pollution.
Meerut
ceramic industries have been developed close to each other with a kiln and a chimney for each. The kilns are mostly coal-fed. The smoke from many chimneys heavily pollutes the atmosphere and sometimes, choking sensation has been reported by the people around. The proposed expansion of ceramic industries may .add more to the pollution level and suitable measures to minimise the pollution should be taken.
110
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Sub-region/ ESI Environmental ~~, fo~o~o q4fq(Ufl4 Complex condition
qi+q~cftt ~ a). Haryana Sub-region cii) gf{41011 ~~ l) Sonepat 778 Adverse
l) t11..flqt1 778 l,(farg<.>1 2) Panipat 798 Adverse 2) q1;.ftq(1 798 l,(farg<.>1 3) Gurgaon 757 Adverse
3)c 757 l,(farg<.>1 4) Rohtak 758 Adverse 4) 758 l,(facg<.>1 5) Bahadurgarh 679 Bad 5) <Sl~l~{ll<p 679 ~ 6) Faridabad 675 Bad 6) 4,(1Qld!IQ 675 ~ 7) Rewari 715 Adverse
7)~ 715 l,(farg<.>1 8) Dharuhera 730 Adverse 8) ~I (c\~'?I 730 l,(farg<.>1
b) Rajasthan Sub-region ~) ~~~ l) Alwar 757 Adverse
l)~ 757 l,(farg<.>1 2) Bhiwadi 789 Adverse
2)~ 789 l,(farg<.>1 c) Uttar Pradesh Sub-region
lf) iffl{~~T~ ~ 1) NOIDA 614 Tolerable l)~ 614 ft ~.fl 4 2) Khurja 650 Bad
2)~ 650 ~ 3) Bulandshahr 615 Tolerable
3)~~ 615 trn..fl 4 4) Hapur 650 Bad
4)~ 650 ~ 5) Meerut 632 Bad 5)~ 632 ~ 6) Modinagar 633 Bad 6) .:nm .=flT{' 633 ~ 7) Sikandrabad 635 Bad 7) ~cfiQ{latlQ
.,, 8) Ghaziabad 662 Bad 635 ~ 8) lll~41<SIIQ 662 ~ 'Source: 'Environmental Impact Assessment and mo: ffl{Uf ~ q.f lf~ m:T ~ ~ ~ Guidelines for Industrial Development in NCR' cffctJ,ifi~I ·~ zrrt ~ v,;rm.ft !ITTf ~ by School of Planning and Architecture, New q 4Yc1 <an 4 ~'llJcf <ITT ~ '31'R ~ Pcrcflrn * Delhi sponsored by the Ministry of Environment fu°'CZ ~~T 1R ~Grfur I and Forests.
111
This is a tool to assess the overall impact of various types of pollutants generated by different kinds of industries on various landuse zones, infrastructure, flora and fauna and, man-made structures.
The Environmental Sensitivity Index (ES!)" for industrial complexes in the NCR are as under:
a) Industrial
ii) Environmental sensitivity
textiles, paper, chemicals and rubber products. Besides, there are a number of printing and electroplating industries. These are causing air and water pollution. The water pollution caused by these industries may also affect the waters of the Yamuna.
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The main sources which contribute to air
i) Air pollution
14.2 Policies and Proposals
One of the important elements in keeping the eco-system in balance is the vegetative cover. The National Forest Policy in this regard stipulates a minimum of 33% of the land area to be under forest cover made up by 20% in plains and 60% in mountainous zones. The NCR, by and large, is plain and should have, therefore, a minimum 20% of its area under forest/tree cover. But, the Region has only 1.2% of its area under forest cover. In fact, even this is being fast eaten away by encroachment for other uses. Even in the left over forest area, forests are getting denuded leaving only a fraction of the forest area under tree cover. The satellite imageries of the Region reveal that out of the forest designated area of 65,222 hectares, only 35,557 hectares of land is covered
· by trees meaning thereby denudation/ encroachment of nearly 29,665 hectares of land. This is a significant loss of forest wealth which will have damaging effects on microclimatic conditions causing reduced rainfall, dust storms, deepened water table conditions and finally in economy and livelihood of people. The damage is to an extent of 31,925 hectares in the Haryana Sub-region and 8,317 hectares in the Uttar Pradesh Sub region.
iii) Imbalance of eco-system
So far the sanitation facilities are concerned, the Region presents an equally unsatisfactory picture. Of the urban centres, as many as 65 do not have sewerage system at all. The raw sewage is disposed off on lands, into open drains and is allowed to flow its natural slopes where it stagnates and results in formation of foul smell, germs and virus, rodents and water pollution. Solid wastes are managed only in 29 towns and, they are dumped in depressions in an unorganised and unscientific manner polluting the air and underground water by its gaseous products. The rural sanitation scene is still worse. Sewerage system does not exist in villages and, solidwaste collection and disposal is fully unscientific and irrational.
b) Human settlements
i)~~
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111
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113
Solid waste from urban and agricultµral areas, if properly recycled, can be a valuable source of nutrient and energy. This approach will also lessen the pollution loads of the solid wastes on the environment or the eco-system. A scientific approach should be adopted for the solid waste management and its re-use in all urban and agricultural areas.
iv) Solid waste
Detailed schemes should be prepared at local level for sewage treatment for all OMA, priority and other towns so that the sewage may be recycled for irrigation and other purposes. The settlements where regular sewerage schemes are not available, low cost sanitation system for individual family or community may be adopted as a short-term measure.
iii) Sewage disposal
a) No industry be permitted to discharge its effluents over land or into other water bodies without treating it to requisite pollution control standards.
b) As far as possible, new industries be deve loped in identified and classified industrial areas/estates which should have proper effluent treatment facilities in-situ before effluents are discharged into natural areas.
c) Urban wastes should be treated to requisite levels of pollution control standards 'before being discharged into rivers or other water bodies.
ii) Water pollution
pollution are errussion from automobiles, industries, thermal power plants, fertilizer plants, coal burning and indirectly putrefying odour from slaughter houses, raw sewage disposal, solid waste dumping and stagnating water. There is a direct relationship between air pollution levels and urbanisation and industrial activities. The level of air pollution in the NCR is severe in several pockets such as in the metropolitan and urban industrial areas, and major transport corridors. The pollution impacts have to be identified through appropriate field research studies so that the levels and types of industrialisation can be established for the different Sub-regions.
iv)~
~ 'i~l··PI( IITTI", m:1lfl:14ia1 ~"ffm ~ "fl"~ ~ i ~ ~ -~ i mrr~ i c:rrra ~ "Rl\ qr~ <llJ\'11Q,fflrtf ~~mfcn~ cfif ~ ~ ~ ~ <llJ\ '11° t ~ ~ fco'm 'JtT ~ 1 m ai fu141· ~ ~ <i fl:! a ~ <i1 Jt -11 ct ;:nft ~ ~ ~-~ llITTTt <IT fl:!ql<.l t ~ ~ <.>Yehl~ qi~ t ~ ~ qi+f mmf rtr ~ ~ ~~I
- -~- - . - ~- - -~-- --- ----~- --- -
vii) Care should be taken by the local planning and plan implementing authorities at the time of preparing and implementing the development plans of the urban areas in their Sub-regions to contain .the spread of corridor developments all along the major transport arteries of the Region. All urban developments should be regulated within identified geographical areas. As far as possible, each of the settlements may be surrounded by a green belt comprising social forestry, urban forestry or agro-horticulture with adequate vegetal and biomass cover. These would inter-alia, act as climate balancers.
vii) Afforestation programmes should be undertaken on all barren and uncultivable land by the concerned agencies.
vi) Location of industries in the NCR should be regulated with respect to pollution propensities. Before issuing new licence or renewing the old one, licensing authorities should ensure that industries are located in such a way that smoke emitted by industries is carried away from the main human settlement, and the liquid wastes are released so that the water sources are not polluted and no liquid effluents are released without proper treatment.
A Coordination Committee for prevention and control of pollution of water, land and air should be established for the NCR with the following main functions:
a) to coordinate the activities of the State Pollution Control Boards for the prevention of pollution, and the Environmental Committees constituted at local levels and to provide them the technical assistance and guidance to carry out and sponsor investigations and research relating to problems of water and air pollution and prevention; control and abatement of such pollution,
b] to advise enforcing law for treatment of liquid effluents from domestic areas, industrial and commercial areas for making them fit for recycling, and
c) to promote solid waste management for extracting its nutrient value.
v) Coordination committee
114
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vii) 'fl''m ~ ~JIHMl0 ITTCT ~:om~ cfi ~'fl'Ttt~qr~~ cfil <lrshit ~~~ ~I
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115
D D
x) Municipalities and other local authorities should provide for sewage and solid waste disposal in towns and, low cost sanitation in towns and villages where conventional sewerage system is not available.
ix) Technical help and training should be given to the people in rural areas through voluntary Organisations and, through the concerned agencies of the Central and State Governments to put the animal dung and human waste to productive use of bio-gas generation.
x) '1~i(ql~chl'311 o~ ~ ~ ~ cfil" .:n-m ~~-~"ti"~ ~-cwhc cfil" ~ * ft;t-Q: "ti"~ "3';, "11T(T ~ lJflIT ~ cfilf ffllTif qr ~ -ti" ~ cfi"{-;:ft" ~ ~ q I ("4i°{ch ~ -~ WJTTffi ~~.:rm!1
ix) ~~'311 cfiT l'ITTR" ~ lfR"cf $ ~ cfil" ~ ~ t JNl~.-i ~ m~ ~ ~ t rn-o: ~flmh ~'311 ~ ~ lt(cfii,{l' -ti"~ o,JfR=lq1. t lff~ "ff mifruT ~ ~ itm cfil" a ch..ft cf>) fh11 q ti I "ti"~ ml"!ffUf ~~~I
With the establishment of NCR Planning Board, an apex body has been constituted at the Central level with the requisite statutory powers to prepare a Regional Plan for the balanced, harmonised and ~ coordinated development of the NCR and to enforce, oversee .and monitor the implementation of the Plan. For successful implementation of the Plan in the Region, suitable institutional arrangements are necessary at all levels. The NCR . Plan is required to be implemented by the participating States/Delhi UT, while, schemes falling in the Central sector will be implemented by the concerned Central Ministries.
A review of the existing planning and imple mentation arrangements shows a varied pattern in the three participating States and the Union Terri tory of Delhi. However, none of the existing arran gements has been found to be fully compatible to fulfil the needs of taking up the balanced and integrated development of the concerned Sub regions at the field level, which could encompass both the rural and urban areas. In Haryana, the Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA) fully meets the needs as far as the urban areas, including controlled areas, are concerned. Planning in their case is the responsibility of the State Town and Country Planning Department. The Director of the Town and Country Planning Department who is also the Chief Administrator of HUDA, is in a position to achieve a fair degree of integration in planning and developmental activities. However, their jurisdiction does not extent to rural areas at all.
In Uttar Pradesh, planning in urban areas is the responsibility of the Development Authorities and Controlling Authorities under the UP Urban Plan ning and Development Act and the UP Regula tion of Building Operations Act respectively. The State Town and Country Planning Department acts as an agency for planning on behalf of the Development Authorities. But once again, they have no responsibility for the rural areas. The suggestion made to the UP Government for
116
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MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE FOR PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
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117
declaring the Sub-region as a Special Area under their UP Special Area Development Authorities Act, 1986, has not yet found favour with the State Government and, they have been considering various other proposals. Uttar Pradesh, of course, has the added advantage of having Development Authorities covering their towns included in the OMA and the other towns identified for priority development. However, as pointed out above, the body which could exercise uniform authority for planning and implementation in the urban and rural area would be the suitable Authority for each Sub-region. In the Rajasthan Sub-region, the NCR area lies in one district alone, viz Alwar. The State Government has presently extended the scope of the Urban Improvement Trust, Alwar, to include development of Bhiwadi, one of the identified priority towns, but they have themselves accepted the limitations of this arrangement. They have agreed that they intend to constitute a Sub Regional Development Authority with wider jurisdiction to undertake planning and to implement the NCR Plan for the entire Sub-region when their proposed Town and Country Planning Act is enacted. The situation in the Delhi Union Territory is still more complicated and, a Commission appointed by the Union Government is presently going into the question of suggesting a revised administrative structure and we shall have to await their findings.
The main issue to be resolved is about dovetailing the planning and development in the rural areas along with urban areas. The concept of the development of the NCR goes beyond the limited applicability on the urban areas and, has to integrate and harmonize the development of the rural areas also. It is a fact that a number of agencies, such as Zila Parishads, Panchayat Samities, Panchayats, cooperative bodies, in addition to the official agencies of the Government, are operating in the rural areas. Since an integrated approach is crucial for the development of the Region, it is of utmost necessity that a suitable organisation be set up at the Sub-regional level which would have jurisdiction for planning in the entire Sub-region, and an overseeing role in the implementation of the NCR objectives and policies. It would be necessary at the Sub-regional level to have one plan for the entire Sub-region consisting of resources from the NCR Planning Board and the regular schemes of the State Plan. Suitable proposals in this regard should be worked out by
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- - - ---- - ·- - - ~ - - - - - - -
A. In case of projects with financial assistance of the NCR Planning Board, it is proposed that each implementing agency/organisation would have the following institutional arrangement:
i) Within the Implementing Agencies in participating States: Creation of a Programme Monitoring Unit (PMU) which would be responsible for monitoring of the programmes of the agency/organisation including projects funded by the · NCR Planning Board. This Unit will monitor the achievement 'of the overall goals of the sectoral programmes and also physical and financial progress of individual projects funded by all sources, including NCR Planning Board. This Unit will submit a quarterly progress report to be evaluated by the Planning Cells (in the Town and Country Planning Department) of the State Govern ment and finally to the NCR Planning Board for review by the Project Sanctioning and Monitoring Group of the Board.
ii) In Central Ministries: In case of NCR projects to be implemented by the Central Ministries, progress reports on quarterly basis will be made available to the NCR Planning Board Secretariat for review by the Project Sanctioning and Monitoring Group of the Board.
iii) For monitoring of projects both of State and
the Board in consultation with the States. The need for having a Planning Cell in each of
the constituents of NCR to carry out the preparation of the Sub-regional Plans, Functional Plans, Project Plans etc. and provide the necessary information to the NCR Planning Board for the preparation of its plans, has been accepted. Planning Cells with different compositions are already in operation and, it is expected that they would be shortly re-organised on the pattern recommended and accepted by the Board. Presently, the three participating States have also set up Steering Committees under the chairmen- ~ ship of the Chief Secretaries concerned, to esta blish the required coordination at the State level.
One of the functions of the NCR Planning Board is to arrange for, and oversee, the financing of selected development projects in the NCR through. _ Centre and State Plan funds and other sources of revenue. For both these functions, suitable monitoring systems would be developed as under:
118
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119
ii) Environmental aspect Through constitution of a Joint Committee represented by the respective constituent State Pollution Control Boards, Central Pollution Control Board and the NCR Planning Board to be reviewed by the Planning Committee and the NCR Planning Board.
An Organisational Structure for the purposes of planning and co-ordination of enforcement and implementation of the Regional Plan, Functional Plans, Sub-regional Plans and Project Plans is as follows:
i) Landuse aspect Through sequential/periodical aerial photographs/satellite imageries to evaluate persistent trend of landuse over a period of time and monitor unauthorised developments and to detect growth trend of urban areas for review by the Planning Committee and the NCR Planning Board.
B. As regards monitoring of the following aspects, suitable scientific systems will be developed within the Secretariat of {he NCR Planning Board for monitoring of major developmental activities as follows:
Central Schemes, a Project Appraisal Monitoring and Evaluation system will be developed in the NCR Planning Board.
D 120
I CENTRAL GOVERNMENT I I MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
I
I NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD -, I I I I
CENTRAL MINISTRIES I STATE I I STATE I . I STATE I I U.T. I 'RAILWAYS I
I STEERING COMMITTEE I 'COMMUNICATIONS
'SURFACE ~ HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT DEPTT. l . TRANSPORT
'ENERGY ~ SUB-REGION AREA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY PLNNAING CELL
' ENVIRONMENT ~ DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES I LOCAL BODIES I
I
STATE GOVT. DEPARTMENTS STATE LEVEL AGENCIES • P.W.O. 'WATER & SEWERAGE BOARD 'P.H.E.D ' INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 'HEALTH CORPORATION 'EDUCATION ' ELECTRICITY BOARD 'POWER ' HOUSING BOARD
Proposed Organisational Structure For Implementation
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121
a) firstly, as the future intercepters of migratory flows which may escalate as the accelerated development of the NCR would provide a pull to migrants from the less developed adjoining areas;
The proposed Counter-magnets are envisaged to play two distinctive and mutually complementary roles in the context of the NCR:
ii) Role of Counter-magnet areas
Counter-magnet areas to Delhi should be located sufficiently away from the NCR and, should. have its known established roots and inherent potentials to function as viable independent growth foci. Such identified Counter-magnets would have the attributes of physical, social and economic viability, nodality with respect to transportation network and will have the quality of physical linkages in the form of facilities for transportation and communications.
i) Concept of Counter-magnet
The NCR Planning Board Act, 1985 empowers the Board to select, in consultation with the State Governments concerned, any urban area outside the NCR having regard to its location, population and potential for growth, which may be developed in order to achieve the objectives of the Regional Plan. As per 1981 Census, the major share of Delhi migrants was from Uttar Pradesh (48.2%), Haryana (15.5%), Rajasthan (7.6%), Punjab (9.8%), Madhya Pradesh (2.4%) and thus, it may be appro priate to identify the Counter-magnets in these States to help meeting the objectives of the Regio nal Plan. A study to identify appropriate Counter magnet areas has accordingly been entrusted to a Professional Institution-the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, by the Board.
16.1 Background
ii) q,1-Ji.:C{ ~ ~ c6T ~:
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16.1 ~~
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COUNTER MAGNET AREAS
16
- -- - - - - - -- - - -~ - --- - - - - .
For selection of possible counter magnets, area
ii) Search zone
d) Migration consideration: By and large, the location of Counter-magnets may be guided from the consideration of higher rate of migration flow in a district or a group of districts of a State.
c) Size and viability consideration: Counter-magnets will generally have a population size of about 3,00,000 and upwards as the cities of that size would have established service area and basic level social and economic infrastructure, with a diversified economic base. While this would be only a general guideline, emphasis would be location specific.
b) Spatial consideration: To infuse complementarity to spatial pattern, size and functional specification of priority towns and their linkages outside the NCR, particularly in the search zones to identify for linking possible Counter magnets, spatial considerations are imperative.
a) Nodality consideration: The Counter magnet areas are expected to maintain certain amount of complementarity in respect of metropolitan functions with Delhi and the NCR and "' as such, a range of 250-300 km from the NCR boundary or 350-400 km from Delhi representing 6 hours journey time at the prevailing transport conditions should enable interaction between chosen Counter-magnet and the metropolitan· core, without impairing its developmental autonomy and functional identity as a regional growth centre. However, these distances for search zones would be extended to the entire constituent States with the likely technology improvement in the transport sector specially along the major transport corridors. To avoid overlapping of influence zones, such identified centres would be spaced at least about 60 km apart.
i) The criteria employed by the Consultants in identifying the Counter-magnet areas are:
16.2 Identification of Counter-magnets
b) secondly, as regional growth centres in the regions of their setting which would help, over time, to achieve a balanced pattern of urbanisation.
122
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123
Uttar Pradesh l) Bareilly 2) Moradabad/Saharanpur/ Allahabad
Rajas than I) Kota 2) Sikar/Ajmer
Punjab l) Patiala 2) Bhatinda/Ludhiana
Madhya Pradesh l ) Gwalior
Haryana 1) Hissar 2) Yamuna Nagar/Ambala/Karnal
The 36 listed centres were subjected to considerations such as metropolitan or sub metropolitan size, major administrative status, viz capital cities, religious or ecological significance, or any special. locational attributes; and also to quantitative analysis using five variables viz population size (1981), population growth (1971- 81 ), workforce participation ratio (1981 ), growth in workforce participation ratio (1971-81) and population density (1981); and to a spatial analysis using three parameters, viz accessibility, congruence with inmigration corridors, and proximity to other contenders in the Region, in addition to an evaluation of them in terms of viable economic base, availability of infrastructure, input requirements particularly in secondary and tertiary sectors. These analyses have led to the selection of certain urban centres as potential counter magnet areas. After discussions and consultations with the State Governments, the following urban centres emerged as possible contenders for further scrutiny to decide the counter-magnet areas:
16.3 Selection of Counter-magnets
' falling between 100 and 400 kilmometre radius from Delhi and, including Haryana and parts of Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh was considered and, on the whole, 36 Class I urban centres were listed for multi stage scanning (Table 16.1)
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i) The Counter-magnets would be finally identified by the NCR Planning Board in consultation with the State Governments. The State Governments/its implementing Agencies will prepare an integrated long term development programme under which detailed projects would be prepared to coincide with Five Year Plans for their accelerated development.
ii) Specific action programmes for each Counter magnet area for the first five years, would then have to be prepared by the State Government/implementing agencies indicating
I
A. State Government
Development of Counter-magnet areas would require co-ordinated efforts of the State and Central Governments and the National Capital Region Planning Board. The broad policy guidelines for development of Counter-magnet areas in terms of the role by the Governments and the Board may be as under:
16.4 Policy guidelines
The Consultants have recommended that from amongst the above-mentioned urban centres, 5 counter-magnets, one from each State be selected for investment initially. This has been suggested not only in view of general financial constraints, but also to enable proper synchronisation of development programmes in the priority towns of the NCR vis-a-vis that which may need to be undertaken in the counter-magent cities by the State Governments, and further to provide them time to acquire the necessary institutional strengthening. Further addition to the number of centres to be designated as counter-magnets in ~ each State could be considered at subsequent stages of NCR Plan implementation.
In the interest of a balanced directional split, the Consultants have recommended the following centres (Fig. 13) as the counter-magnets to the NCR for first stage intervention: ·
l) Hissar in Haryana (in the westerly direction) 2) Patiala in Punjab (in the northerly direction) 3) Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh (in the south
easterly direction) 4) Kata in Rajasthan (in the south-westerly
direction) 5) Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh (in the easterly
direction)
124
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125
the investment implications relating to development of physical and social infrastructure, economic activities such as industries, commerce and services, housing, environmental improve ment etc. in the State sector and, development of transport (National Highways and Railways) and telecommunications in the Central sector.
iii) The concerned State Governments should -c,
take steps to formulate a special programme in the State sector for the integrated development of the concerned Counter-magnet areas and, set apart a
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- NATIONAL HIGHWAY ~ COUNTER MAGNET
ii n1 . .. ,w.~,
( (' ..
UTTAR PRADESH
. ~
i
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Figure-13: Counter Magnets
i) The NCR Planning Board in its budgetary demands should incorporate a separate head for supporting the development of Counter-magnet areas, based on an assessment of investments required under Central sector for transport and communication schemes, subject to the availability of resources.
ii) The NCR Planning Board would extend technical assistance to the State Governments/ implementing agencies for the preparation of integrated projects for the development of Counter magnet areas. Besides, the NCR Planning Board would also be responsible to monitor the imple mentation of various development programmes for which a suitable mechanism will be worked out
B. Central Government/NCR Planning Board
special fund (in the form of revolving fund) for this purpose in the State Plans providing easy access to the funds by local bodies/authorities.
iv) The State Government should immediately take steps to establish statutory development authorities if not existing and, these authorities and local bodies should be equipped adequately with both manpower and finance,' to be able to take up urban development programmes.
v) The State Governments' promotional role would include extending packages for industrial and commercial entrepreneurs favouring location in Counter-magnet areas. This calls for a reorientation of the State level industrial development policy· directed at encouraging not only public sector but also corporate sector investments in the Counter-magnet areas.
vi) A Coordination Committee may be set up at the State level to coordinate various development programmes of the Counter-magnet areas with other development programmes relating to agriculture, marketing infrastructure, rural roads and electrification etc. in the district.
vii) The State Government may provide additional thrust to Counter magnet areas taking advantage of Central sector urban development programmes and ensure additional allocation for such schemes.
viii) The Counter magnets should be given a priority status for the purpose of institutional funding of various development programmes like development of industrial land, infrastructure and housing.
126
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L.27
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i) To mobilise public support and participation and, to attract private entrepreneurs to invest in the Counter-magnet areas at the development authority level, a publicity campaign should be organised with the support of such institutions as Chamber of Commerce, Market Associations, Mandi Committees, etc. and using mass media like newspapers, radio and television network.
D
C. State and Central Governments and NCR Planning Board
by the Board in consultation with the State Governments.
iii) The Central Government, in addition to providing the financial support would also have a substantial promotional role to play. For this purpose, the Board would formulate policy guide lines relating to development of various sectors.
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The Regional Plan contains broadly policy
i) Continuation of work of Regional Plan
Although the yea~ 2001 AD has been taken as the perspective for the Regional Plan, the Plan is not finite, but is a part of a continuous process. Nevertheless, it is essential to structure this continuous process into discrete phases, that can be organised within the limits of the resources and implementing capability of the organisations involved. It is equally essential to place the tasks into an order of priority. The tasks can be divided into the following:
i) Continuation of the work of Regional Plan through the preparation of Functional Plans by the NCRPB and, Sub-regional Plans by the participating States and Delhi UT.
ii) Action plan, programmes and project plans by each of the participating States· and Delhi UT and the Central Ministries.
iii) Institutional improvements iv) Resource mobilisation v) Approval and monitoring of
implementation of projects, and vi) Implementation of the Regional Plan.
17 .1 Policies and strategies
The Regional Plan for the NCR-2001 stipulates an inter-related policy frame-work for achieving ·· the objectives of the Plan. The policies require several strategies to be followed each of which has significant impact on programmes to be undertaken in the NCR Various strategies and priority areas for development as discussed below are related to the goals of the NCR Plan viz (i) a manageable Delhi, and (ii) harmonised and balanced development of the NCR
128
i) ~ ~T itiT ~ ;;nt\' nFrr
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STRATEGIES AND PRIORITY AREAS FOR DEVELOPMENT 2001
17 ~thlfl t ~ cf>l4..ftRll4i ~
JIT'l~thdl ~ ~-2001
129
frame-work, strategies and guidelines for development of the Region together with broad landuse for the NCR-2001.
The Secretariat of the NCR Planning Board will prepare Functional Plans for various sectors of development in close collaboration with the CentraljState Government agencies. These Functional Plans will identify areas of action for proper guidance of the participating States and of the Union Territory to achieve the objectives of the NCR Plan.
The action plan will suggest measures: a) To contain the population of Delhi UT
through decelerated growth; b) To achieve moderate growth of OMA
excluding Delhi UT; c) To induce growth in the towns/complexes
identified for priority development by · enhancing the momentum of economic expansion and technological development and, also adopting effective promotional measures to create employment opportunities to attract the Delhi bound potential migrants and, creating a physically efficient pattern and socially desirable environment with effective participation of the States, that will sustain dynamic growth in keeping with objectives and goals of the NCR Plan;
d) For action to expand and to effect qualitative and quantitative improvement in physical and social infrastructure in towns identified for priority development.
The Sub-regional Plans will be prepared by each of the participating States for the respective Sub regions. The Sub-regional plan will indicate the following elements to elaborate the Sub-regional plan at the Sub-regional level namely:
a) reservation of areas for specific landuses which are of regional or sub-regional importance;
b) future urban and major rural settlements indicating their areas, projected population, predominant economic functions, approximate site and location;
c) road network connecting Sub-regional centres, Service centres and Basic villages;
d) . proposals for the coordination of traffic and transportation, including terminal facilities;
e) priority areas at Sub-regional level for which immediate plans are necessary;
f) proposals for the supply of drinking water
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~ -- __ 1 - - ----~ - --- -~--------~--- ----
ii) Action plan, programmes and project plans by each of the participating States/Delhi UT and Central Ministries:
a) The Regional Plan for the NCR envisages development of economic activities over a wider area in the towns/complexes that are identified for this purpose. These priority towns need to be planned as self-contained units and action taken for their coordinated and synchronised development, both physical and economic, to maximise their growth for induced development. This can only be done through an interrelated programme for which projects would be required to be identified over a time-scale. The programme for Central Ministries would be in transport, both road and railways, and telecommunications sectors, while that for State sector in urban development schemes and regional roads.
b) The development strategies approved in the Regional Plan need to be translated into a set of programmes and phased suitably to achieve the major objectives of the Plan. The three phases would be as follows:
Phase I (1987-90) corresponding to the remaining part of the 7th Five Year Plan period. Phase II (1990-1995) corresponding to the 8th Plan period. Phase III (1995-2001) corresponding to the 9th Plan period and part of 10th Plan period.
c) Bringing down the growth rate by attracting the Delhi bound migrants to priority towns through creation of job opportunities will have a strong impact on priority towns which cannot absorb a large number of migrants who are presently moving to the National Capital without inducing growth rate in them three to four times higher than their present rate. In view of the greater concentration of population in the Capital, the need for flow of migrants to be re-directed to priority towns will be greater. This will require well identified projects to gradually increase the migration share to the priority towns by improving their economic base. The dominant force in triggering inmigration is the growth of secondary and tertiary sectors. The secondary sector has a greater multiplier impact upon the expansion of local and regional economy than a similar
and sanitation and drainage; and g) any other matter which is necessary for the
development of the Sub-regions.
130
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131
In this regard, more appropriate action would be to designate the areas where urgent planning action is needed and, to treat them as 'priority areas' for which integrated plans and programmes would be prepared. These would be called 'action areas' and the plans would be called 'action plans'. To prepare the plan, it is suggested that the Planning Cells of the State Governments would be responsible for complete programmes including the tasks of coordinating investments of public and
Determining priorities:
And the priority towns components will be: development of economic activities, industry, distributive trade and commerce and, Government and Public Sector offices to promote employment and improve the economy, urban infrastructure and services like water supply, sanitation, storm water drainage, solid waste management, - traffic and transportation etc, provision of social infrastructural facilities such as education and health, development of shelter for the urban poor, and, development of small scale enterprises in the informal sector for expansion of employ ment opportunities and upgrading skills.
In the context of the above, coordinated urban development projects for various sectors of the Region/selected towns will need to be prepared.
The regional level components will be: surface transport: the Expressways, N.H. and regional roads railways telecommunications
Need for multisectoral projects:
employment expansion in the service sector. For effectuation of such programme, the institutional framework both at the State and local levels will need to be strengthened and action taken to improve the resource mobilisation at the local level. This will also call for inter-linkages of investments and programmes of the agencies responsible for economic activities, State level functional agencies and local authorities incharge of the infrastructural services and maintenance.
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--- ------ ---- --
Under Section 22 of the NCR Planning Board Act, it is provided that the National Capital Region Planning Board fund may be constituted. The sources for such fund shall be:
a) all grants and loans from the Central Government,
b) all sums paid to the Board by the parti cipating States, Delhi UT, and
c) all sums received by the Board in consul tation with the Central Government, participating State Governments and Delhi UT.
iv) Resource mobilisation
For efficient implementation and management of the projects, it is necessary to tone up institutions incharge of urban development, services and management at all levels. This will involve review of the workinq of the development authorities, taxation and tax recovery system of the local authorities and monitoring methods of the projects, at the local level.
iii) Institutional improvements
private agencies. A programme would be devised in relation to the priorities finally culminating into projects for implementation. The role of the Secretariat of the NCR Planning Board in the project cycle will be in the ureas of:
a) Identification of suitable projects that support the NCR Plan objectives.
b) Assisting the agencies in preparation of projects comprising technical, economic and financial aspects and institutional aspects of the proposed project by providing guidance and/or financial assistance for preparation.
c) Appraisal comprising review of all aspects ··· of the projects; the appraisal report will serve the basis for sanction of the projects by the NCR Planning Board.
d) Implementation and supervision will be the responsibility of the participating States/ Delhi UT. Quarterly progress reports on the implementation will be reviewed and field visits undertaken by the Secretariat of the NCR Planning Board for the same.
e) Evaluation to provide lessons of experience which will be built into subsequent identification, preparation of appraisal work.
132
~UJj"m,:fi ~~m~cfi'l'mrr 22 ~ ~ mcrm.-i- ! fco ~ Uvfm,:ft" ~ ~ m~q;)-~~~,~~*~~ ~mir:-
cfi) cfiITT "fRcITT TI' 'f!'m ~ om ~; "<s) m~~ ~~~~&TU~
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cfi) ~ ~ qfl<J1Jt'11~ cfi'l' ~ cR"IT m ~ ~ t ~ro cr,r tflf~ cfi@ m ,
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er) cfil .qf.:q <Fi om ffl!ff'Uf cfi'1' fJ1 dt ~1(1 m'qftjt ~ om ~ 'ff'e:I' ~ ~ cfit mift1 cfilqf;.:q.q;:i ~ ~ ~ fti:ftc1' cfi'1' wftim ~ ~ ~ ~ ft;rtJ: ~cfift~ql(>lq &TU ~~fcFQ:~ I
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133
ii) State Governments resources
At the State level, the general provision of pattern of matching share will continue. However, the State Governments will make efforts to raise additional resources through:
a) HUDCO
17.2 Resources for implementation
i) NCRPB's resources
In addition to the 'NCR Fund', it is proposed to mobilise resources under Section 22(l)(c) for financing implementation of the NCR projects through:
a) Life Insurance Corporation of India b) Debentures/Bonds c) Nationalised Commercial Banks d) Proposed Urban Development and Urban
Water Supply Finance Corporation e) National Housing Bank f) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development.
vi) Implementation of the Regional Plan
The Regional Plan, although containing socio economic policies, has alternative strategies with investment implications. The Regional Plan represents an end product, the implementation of which would be pursued on the desired strategies and goals through a number of projects. However, in the light of the impact, the development would be reviewed every five years and, after such review, it may be substituted by a fresh regional plan or such modifications or alterations made as may be found necessary.
v) Approval and monitoring of projects
The project plans will be mainly prepared by the implementing agencies at local level within the framework of the Regional/Sub-regional/ Functional Plans in collaboration with the Planning Cells. The NCR Planning Board will assist the implementing agencies in preparation of identified projects. Each implementing agency will have a Monitoring Cell for the projects under that agency and, they will submit timely progress of the performance in implementation as a feed back to the NCRPB. The NCRPB will develop a Monitoring and Evaluation system and also extend assistance in the preparation of objective effective and financially viable projects.
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v) qf{q"iJl'11'311 cfiT ~1*tlcfit '3TI'(' ar.jS!,TqVf
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'• ~!:- cfi) ~~~~ \9) fuiil·i:H/m lT) {l~q~(i -q,~fo"""'ifsT<.t--ch ~ er) !Hft I fc1 a ~ fcfcfirn ~ ~'rntt ~ ~
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------------- - - ----=- ..
17.3 Special Component Plan
The allocation of financial resources is primarily made by the concerned Ministries with the approval of the Planning Commission. Allocation of resources for State sector urban development schemes sponsored by the Centre is made by the Ministry of Urban Development. The Ministry of Urban Development and the NCRPB would also be responsible to ensure that sectoral allocations concerning other Ministries such as Surface Transport, Telecommunications and Railways for the NCR Schemes are consistent with, and supportive of NCR priorities and objectives. In practice, this task is extremely difficult because of the competing demands on the available resources and, is thus, a serious drawback for implementation of the regional development programmes. It is, therefore, proposed that a financial mechanism of Speical Component Plan for NCR be established in the Central and State Plans to permit the simultaneous channelling of funds through Central Ministries and State Governments for inter-related activities ensuring the efficient implementation of comprehensive urban and regional development programmes in the NCR. D
b) UC c) Nationalised Commercial Banks d) Market borrowings. e) National Housing Bank (f) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development
iii) Local Government resources a) Locally raised taxes b) User charges c) Market borrowings d) Other non-tax revenues for performance of
statutory and regulatory functions. e) Transfers from higher level of Government
including shared taxes and grants-in-aid.
iv) Role of privater sector
Recognising the critical importance of the private sector and the dominant role of private investments in the total investment, its resources and expertise should be incorporated in the regional planning process. The regional planning involves the integration of a much larger number of sectors such as economic development, social services and environmental management where the private sector can play a significant role in improving the regional economy.
~~I 1R'TI ~ ~ f.:tk\~f©ct * ajzQ; 31fa ftrffl "fffir~ ~ * >!<JR ~ I
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134
di~chl~ TABLES
• Represents inrnigrants upto 1961 and includes migrants for 'period not known category (99,143). •• In the population Census, migrants are classified on the basis of either (i) Place of birth, or (ii) Place of last residence. A person is considered a migrant by place of birth if the place of enumeration during the Census is other than the place of his/herimmediate last residence. Till 1961, statistics on migration was based on 'birth place', but since 1971, it is on the basis of 'place of last residence'.
137
Census Year
PopulationNet decadal Total Propn. of Propn. of Decadal increase Decadal inmigrants inmigrants Growth of
Inmlqrants" to total to net inmigration Pop. %in Increase (%) that year (%)
(4/2) (4/3)
917939 1744072 826133 2658612 914540 544198° 20.47 4065698 1407086 525309 12.92 37.33 6220406 2154708 1229745 19.77 57.07 134.10
1941 1951 1961 1971 1981
Demographic Profile Table 3.1 Pattern of Inmigration into Delhi 1941-81
"Gives rural population of fifty villages in controlled area. Sources: 1. Census of India-1981
2. Report of the Sub-Group of DMA-1982, Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India.
Policy Zones
Table 2.1 Area, Population and Growth Characteristics of OMA
Constitutent Units Area in Population Decadal Growth(%) of N.C.R. Hectare 1981
in lakhs 1951-61 1961-71 1971-81
Delhi, UT 1,48,500 62.20 52.43 52.92 52.98
Bahadurgarh 17,403 0.37 34.43 72.28 45.23
Faridabad-Ballabgarh 39,398 3.31 57.88 103.42 169.39
Ghaziabad including Loni 49,691 2.97 61.01 68.71 141.65
Gurgaon 26,671 1.01 103.42 50.94 76.50 Kundli 13,722
NOICA 14,915 0.42· Did not exist till 1981 Ridge falling outside the area of DlIT, Gurgaon and Faridabad 7,885
Total D.M.A. 3,18,185 70.28 56.76
Total D.M.A. excluding Delhi 1,69,685 8.08 95.84
138
"Projection for Delhi UT is based on the draft recommendations of the Expert Committee on Population.
Table 3.3 Population Projections for the NCR by Constituents (Population in lakhs)
Sub-Region Population Projected Population
1981 1991 2001
Delhi UT" Total 62.2 92.5 132.6 Rural 4.5 4.4 3.6 Urban 57.7 88.1 129.0
Haryana Total 49.4 62.7 72.1 Rural 37.3 40.3 34.4 Urban 12.1 22.4 37.7
Rajasthan Total 10.6 11.3 11.9 Rural 8.9 8.7 8.5 Urban 1.7 2.6 3.4
Uttar Pradesh Total 69.7 87.6 108.6 Rural 50.2 51.8 45.0 Urban 19.5 35.8 63.6
NCR Total 191.9 254.1 325.2 Rural 100.9 105.2 91.5 Urban 91.0 148.9 233.7
Note: Figures in brackets indicate 0/o to the respective totals.
Table 3.2 Migrants to Delhi by States of their Origin
State Before 1961-71 1971-81 Period not Total 1961 known
Haryana 98324 85945 159028 14412 357709 (22.1) (16.4) (12.9) (15.5)
I' Madhya Pradesh 5585 8860 37709 2496 54650
(1.2) (l.7) (3.1) (2.4)
Punjab 74944 59503 78671 11447 224565 (16.8) (11.3) (6.4) (9.8)
Rajasthan 33341 39885 93836 7603 174665 (7.5) (7.6) (7.6) (7.6)
Uttar Pradesh 185550 260748 616021 54362 1107681 (41.7) (49.6) (50.l) (48.2)
Others (including outside India) 47311 70368 244480 17823 379982- (10.7) (13.4) (19.9) (16.5) ,
Total 445055 525309 1229745 99143 2299252 (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0)
Table 3.5 Population Assignment by 2001 AD for Delhi, DMA & NCR (in lakhs)
SI.No. Area Population 2001
Projected Assigned
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
1. Region 325 234 91 325 234 91 2. Delhi Sub-region 132 129 3 112 110 2 3. Haryana Sub-region 72 38 34 78 43.5 34.5 4. Rajasthan Sub-region 12 3.5 8.5 14 7 7 5. Uttar Pradesh Sub-region 109 63.5 45.5 121 75.5 45.5
.6. Delhi Metropolitan area a. Total 170 166 4 150 147 3 b. Delhi 112 110 2 c. Haryana 21 20.5 0.5 d. UP. 17 16.5 0.5
7. OMA Towns 37 37 a. Ghaziabad including Loni 11 11 b. NOIDA 5.5 5.5 c. Faridabad 10 10 d. Gurgaon 7 7 e. Bahadurgarh 2 2 f. Kundli 1.5 1.5
8. Other areas outside OMA (Urban 89 and rural 86 lakhs) a. Haryana 17 17 57 23 34 b. Rajasthan 12 3.5 104 7 7 c. UP. 47 47 104 59 45
139
Table 3.4 Controlled Population Projection of Delhi UT 1981-2001
Year Population Net increase Decadal Addition Increase by (in lakhs) (in lakhs) growth by natural inmigration
rate(%) growth(%) in lakhs(%)
Actual 1961 26.59 1971 40.66 14.07. 52.91 8.82 5.25
(33.17) (19.74)
1981 62.20 21.54 52.98 9.24 12.30 (22.74) (30.24)
Projected 1991 92.55 30.35 48.79 12.44 17.91
(20.00) (28.79) 2001 112.00 19.45 21.01 11.11 8.34
(12.00) (9.01)
Note: Figures in brackets indicate components of decadal growth rate.
Settlement System-1981-2001 Table 4.1 Functional Classification of Towns in NC~ 1971-81
SI. Name of the Census Population Density Growth rate Function in No. Town Class in 1981 (per sq.km) in 1971-1981
Size 1981 (%) 1971 1981
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Delhi UT Sub-Region 1. Delhi UA 5729283 10594 57.09 Others Industry Others 2. Alipur v 6735 787 Others 3. Biwana IV 12637 745 Others 4. Bijwasan v 7389 678 Others 5. Pehladpur Banger v 5011 1073 Others 6. Poth Khurd v 7145 716 Others
Uttar Pradesh Sub region 7. Abdullapur v 6383 3940 Primary-Others 8. Agarwal Mandi v 9353 10116 Primary-Others 9. Aminagar Sarai v 6837 3617 21.97 Industry-Trade & Others
Commerce-Others 10. Anup Shahr IV 15193 5866 23.99 Others-Industry- Others
Primary 11. Aurangabad IV 11622 3874 Others-Primary 12. Babugarh VI 2389 445 Others 13. Baghpat IV 17157 5957 47.07 Primary Others-Primary 14. Bahusama v 7906 2635 Primary 15. Baraut III 46292 4468 48.07 Trade & Others
Commerce Industry-Others
16. Bhawan Bahadur v 6779 1808 Others-Primary Na gar
17. Bilaspur v 4661 2188 Others 18. Bugrasi v 8307 1298 16.12 Primary-Others Others
Industry 19. Bulandshahr 103436 11016 73.83 Others-Trade Others
& Commerce- Industry
20. Chhaprauli IV 13805 12550 Primary 21. Chhatari v 5862 982 Primary 22. Dadri IV 19723 3156 51.01 Others-Trade Others
& Commerce- Industry
23. Dankaur v 7935 802 14.18 Others-Trade Others & Commerce-. Industry
24. Daurala v 9146 8710 Primary 25. Debal III 22430 9627 31.62 Industry-Trade Others
& Commerce- Primary
26. Doghat IV 10019 10890 Primary 27. Faridnagar v 9116 20718 20.89 Industry-Primary Others 28. Garmukteshwar VI 17914 560 63.79 Primary-Industry Others
Others 29. Ghazi a bad(UA) 287170 4366 124.88 Others 30. Gulaothi III 24416 10949 40.52 Trade & Others
Commerce
140
141
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
31. Hapur 102837 17639 44.30 Trade & Commerce Others Industry-Others
32. Hastinapur IV 11637 3803 30.91 Industry-Others Others 33. Jahanglrabad III 29301 10317 35.79 Primary-Industry Others
Trade & Commerce 34. Jahanglrpur v 6447 626 Primary-Others 35. Jewar IV 15275 837 Others 36. Kakod VI 4299 34~5 Others-Pr! mary 37. Karnawal v 9895 8315 .. Primary 38. Khanpur v 8311 5099 Primary 39. Kharkhoda v 8708 4976 Primary-Others 40. Khekada III 24984 20648 Others 41. Khurja II 67119 6479 33.58 Industry-Others Others
Trade & Commerce 42. Kithaur IV 13791 4522 Primary 43. La war IV 11535 3178 Primary-Others 44. Loni IV 10259 3901 Others 45. Mawana III 37620 14525 51.32 Diversified Others 46. Meerut(UA) 536615 6640 44.34 Others-Industry Others 47. Modinagar(UA) II 87665 6105 101.67 Industry . Others 48. Murad Nagar III 26047 16279 86.25 Industry-Trade & Others
Commerce-Primary 49. Narora v 9573 1760 Others 50. Niwadi · v 7078 4424 -Primary 51. OF Muradnagar IV 13147 1983 45.66 Others Others 52. Pahasu v 9016 39200 45.66 Others Others 53. Parlkshitgarh IV 11328 3293 Others 54. Patiala v 7847 6539 Primary 55. Palauc'a IV 10357 4523 Primary 56. Pilkhua III 37884 8363 58.24 Industry Others 57. Rabupura v 8999 868 r: Primary-Others 58. Sardhana III 30138 2145 36.48 Industry-Primary Others
Trade & Commerce 59. Sewalkhas IV 10278 12534 Primary 60. Shajahanpur v 8867 1483 20.80 Primary-Industry Primary 61. Shikarpur III 21449 43876 29.79 Primary-Industry Others
Others 62. Siana III 22410 4335 35.79 Primary-Others Others
Trade & Commerce 63. Sikandrabad III 43135 4913 34.67 Industry-Primary Others
Trade & Commerce 64. Tikri IV 11315 10286 Primary
.. Haryana Sub-region 65. Bahadurgarh III 37488 4165 45.23 Others-Industry Others 66. Bawa! v 7760 21556 18:85 Primary Others 67. Berl IV 13490 5208 9.35 Primary Others-Pr! mary 68. Faridabad Complex I 330864 1856 NA Industry Others
Administration 69. Farukknagar ,I v 6367 4760 16.04 Primary-Trade & Others
Commerce-Industry 70 . . Ferozepur v 9400 1061 18.06 Primary-Trade & Others
Commerce-Industry 71. Ganaur IV 16489 1820 96.32 Industry-Trade & Others
Commerce-Others
142
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
72. Gohana Ill 26188 3686 56.81 Trade & Commerce Others Others-Primary
73. Gurgaon II 100877 4181 76.51 Others Others 74 Hailey Mandi IV 10140 3915 350.27 Trade & Commerce Others 75. Hassanpur v 5109 5494 Primary-Others 76. Ha thin v 6553 3293 Primary-Others 77 Hodal IV 18740 8329 32.49 Diversified Others 78. Jhajjar III 24247 4041 27.97 Primary-Others- Others
Trade & Commerce 79. Jharsa v 8412 842 Others 80. Kalanaur JV 12380 2172 Others 81. Maham IV 11722 3359 11.20 Primary-Trade & Others
Commerce 82. Nuh v 5992 19973 26.68 Trade & Commerce Others
Others 83. Palwal III 47328 8574 30.72 Others-Trade· & Others
Commerce-Industry 84. Panipat 137927 6625 56.77 Industry-Trade & Others
Commerce-Others 85. Pataudi v 8422 2165 39.32 Primary Others-Primary 86. Rewari II 51562 8509 17.49 Trade & Commerce Others
Others-Industry 87. Rohtak 166767 7570 33.68 Others-Trade & Others
Commerce 88. Samalkha IV 13532 2222 Others 89. Sohna IV 12667 3424 44.35 Trade & Commerce Others
Others-Industry 90. Soni pat 109369 5118 75.29 Industry-Others- Others
Trade & Commerce 91. Taoru v 6912 19749 .. Primary-Industry Others
Rajasthan Sub-region 92. Alwar 145795 1822 45.25 Others Others 93. Khairthal IV 15962 728 49.36 Primary-Trade & Others
Commerce 94. Tijara IV 12199 556 Others
Note: Declassified in 1971
•• Newly added town NA Not Available
Table 6.3 Occupation Structure in the Priority Towns by 2001 (in Percentage)
Priority Town Participation Proportion (%) of workers in Ratio-2001
(%) Primary Industry Construe- Trade & Transport & Service tion Commerce Storage
Comm uni- cations
1. Meerut 32 2 29 4 20 9 36 2. Hapur 30 6 28 4 22 13 27 3. Bulandshahr 30 4 40 4 20 12 20
-Khurja 30 4 40 4 20 12 20 4. Panipat 32 4 40 4 20 12 20 5. Rohtak 30 7 28 4 20 13 28 6. Palwal 30 9 15 4 17 21 34 7. Rewari 30 9 15 4 21 15 36
-Dharuhera 30 5 50 4 16 7 18 -Bhiwadi 30 5 50 4 16 7 18
8. Al war 30 5 30 4 20 11 30
144
Table 6.2 Employment Structure in DMA Towns - 2001
Town Proposed Proportion of workers (%) in participation Primary Industry Construction Trade & Transport Services
Commerce Storage & Comm uni-
cation
Ghaziabad 30 0.5 38.0 6.0 15.0 10.0 30.0 NO IDA 35 2.0 40.0 6.0 20.0 12.0 20.0 Faridabad/Ballabhgarh 35 2.0 45.0 6.0 16.0 7.0 24.0 Gurgaon 35 2.0 40.0 10.0 16.0 10.0 22.0 Bahadurgarh 35 6.0 30.0 4.0 25.0 10.0 25.0 Kundli 35 2.0 40.0 10.0 16.0 10.0 22.0
Primary Sector Industry Construction Trade & Commerce Transport, Storage and Communication
Other services
(actual) (Proposed)
1.59 1.50 29.18 29.00
6.39 5.00 22.25 22.00
9.07 11.00 31.47 31.50
32.20 35.00. Participation rate
Categories Proportion of workers(%) in 1981 2001
Table 6.1 Distribution of work-force in Delhi 1981 & 2001 Economic Profile
145
Table 6.6 Industrial Progress in Delhi-1985
Item 70-71 76-77 77-78 78-79 79-80 80-81 81-82 82-83' 83-84 84-85
No. of Industrial units (in' 000) 26 37 40 41 42 45 50 54 57 62
Investment (Rs. in crores) 190 550 600 650 700 867 965 1035 1105 1200
Production (Rs. in crores) 388 1025 1200 1430 1700 2196 2350 2352 2483 3300
Employment (in' 000) 215 300 325 350 375 450 480 507 528 558
Source: Delhi Statistica 1 -Hand Book-1986.
Table 6.4 Employment in Government and Public Sector Offices in Delhi (1921-85)
(Employment in lakhs)
Sector 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985
1. Central Government 0.08 0.11 0.26 0.85 0.94 2.11 2.25 2.31 2.29 2.35 2.30 2. Delhi Administration O.ol 0.03 0.03 O.D7 0.25 0.53 0.58 0.62 0.65 0.64 0.65 3. Local Bodies 0.02 O.Ql 0.12 0.14 0.34 0.90 1.09 1.13 1.17 0.83 0.84 4. Quasi-Government N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.06 0.56 1.41 1.51 1.63 1.72 1.83
Total 0.11 0.15 0.41 1.06 1.59 4.10 5.33 5.57 5.74 5.54 5.62
Source: Delhi Statistical Handbook-1986
Table 6.5 Distribution of Working Force in Urban Delhi 1951-1981
Categories 1951 1961 1971 1981 Workers % Workers % Workers % Workers %
1. Cultivators 3483 0.7 5178 0.7 5176 0.5 7227 0.39 2. Agri. Labours 584 0.1 1242 0.2 3603 0.3 4772 0.25 3. Livestock Forestry etc. 13091 0.70 4. Mining & Quarrying 1521 0.3 5446 0.7 9091 0.8 4745 0.25 5. Manufacturing, Processing
a) Household Industry 6632 1.3 12684 1.7 25107 2.2 31349 1.69 b) Other than house-hold 80639 15.7 155099 20.7 242733 21.7 510748 27.49
6. Construction 44948 8.7 32540 4.4 61517 5.5. 118699 6.39 7. Trade & Commerce 117338 22.8 143809 19.3 239719 21.6 413430 22.25 8. Transport & Comm. 34455 6.7 47387 6.3 107324 9.6 168457 9.07 9. Other Services 224426 43.7 343430 46.0 422667 37.8 584663 31.47
Total Workers 514026 100.0 746815 100.0 1116937 100.0 1857545 100.00
Population 1437134 2349408 3647023 5678200
Participation Ratio 27.96 3] .65 30.62 32.20.
146
Transport Table 7.1 Traffic Movement on Major Corridors
Total Total Total Total Major Corridor Passenger Buses Goods Volume
Vehicles Vehicles
1. Delhi-Faridabad 21585 1936 6795 30316 (71.2) (6.4) (22.4) (100.0)
2. Delhi-Gurgaon 9407 1483 4105 14995 (62.7) (9.9) (27.4) (100.0)
3. Delhi-Bahadurgarh 3708 753 2513 6974 (53.2) (10.8) (36.0) (100.0)
4. Delhi-Panipat 3383 1207 3712 8302 (40.7) (14.5) (45.8) (100.0)
5. Delhi-Baghpat 5056 474 2371 7901 (64.0) (6.0) (30.0) (100.0)
6. Delhi-Ghaziabad 28714 2605 11432 42751 (67.2) (6.1) (26.7) (100.0)
Table 6:7 Registered Factories in Delhi: Group-wise-1985
Description Number of Factories Workers (daily average in '000)
1979 80 81 82 83 84 85 79 80 81 82 83 84 85
Food Products 114 124 130 142 148 153 160 7 9 9 9 9 9.5 9.7 Textiles & Textile Products 457 520 545 622 666 709 746" 43 46 46 46 48 50 52 Wood Products 46 47 52 56 60 66 67 1 1 1 (' 1 1 1 1.04 Paper Products & Printing 230 223 255 279 290 302 315 11 12 12 12 12 12 12.6 Leather, Rubber & Chemicals 396 429 434 495 534 578 581 12 14 14 14 15 17 17.1 Non-metallic mineral Products 55 57 51 107 114 119 146 4 3 3 3 3 3 3.7 Metal & Engineering Products 763 807 856 970 1032 1097 1128 23 ~6 26 27 29 31 32.2 Manufacturing of Electric Machinery 308 355 374 451 480 530 545 12 14 14 15 16 18 19.6 Manufacture and other Misc. of Transport Equip. 393 395 487 555 592 629 653 15 16 16 24 25 27 27.5 Generation and Trans. of Electricity, Water Supply and Gas 21 21 18 21 21 21 21 6 5 5 3 3 3 3 Miscellaneous 201 215 200 219 226 241 290 7 7 7 4 5 7 7.3
Total 2984 3193 3402 3917 4163 4445 4652 141 153 153 158 166 178.5 185.74
Source: Delhi Statistical Hand Book-1986.
•
147
Table 7.2 Generation of Passenger Traffic (Daily) for NCR and Important Urban Areas-1987
Vehicle Passengers Bus Passengers Rail Passengers Total Rail Share
Per Per Per Total Capita Total Capita Total Capita
Trip Trip Trip Rate Rate Rate
1. Delhi lIT 58794 0.007 173722 0.021 107000 0.013 339516 32.00 2. Ghaziabad 17465 O.Q35 32298 0.060 32856 0.016 82619 40.00 3. NOICA 9300 0.043 31026 0.146 40326
Farldabad ....
4. 16505 0.031 24675 0.046 6568 0.012 47748 14.00 5. Gurgaon 8868 0.032 18603 0.066 N.A. N.A. 6. Bahadurgarh 1863 0.022 4123 0.048 4115 0.048 6390 64.30 7. Meerut 17368 0.022 34242 O.Q45 9420 0.102 61030 15.00 8. Hapur 6125 0.041 11456 0.077 3500 0.023 21081 16.60 9. Bulandshahr 13460 0.054 23522 0.094 2644 0.011 44242 7.00 10. Palwal 1215 0.016 1674 0.022 6440 0.085 9329 69.03 11. Panipat 1573 0.006 7097 0.029 5775 0.023 14445 39.97 12. Rohtak 18200 0.065 20845 0.078 5197 0.019 39626 12.00 13. Rewari 5025 0.040 6454 0.051 6307 0.050 17786 35.46 14. Alwar 1945 0.008 7392 0.029 2915 0.012 9337 31.20 15. Sonepat 824 0.005 4196 0.027 15183 0.096 20203 75.15 16. Modinagar 3242 0.016 909 0.006 1820 0.013 5971 30.48 17. Rest of NCR 51406 0.004 39623 0.003 N.A.
Total 232000 442000 210000 884000 23.7
7. Delhi-NOIDA 16677 1623 2007 20307 (82.l) (8.0) (9.9) (100.0)
8. Ghaziabad-Meerut 7047 1089 3109 11245 (62.7) (9.8) (27.5) (100.0)
9. Ghaziabad-Hapur 4176 789 1906 6871 (60.8) (11.5) (27.7) (100.0)
10. Ghaziabad-Bulandshahr 6110 768 2141 9019 (67.8) (8.5) (23.7) (100.0)
11. Gurgaon-Sohana-Alwar 1146 157 884 2187 (52.4) (7.2) (40.4) (100.0)
12. Gurgaon-Behror (NCR Border) 2021 613 4036 6670 (30.3) (9.2) (60:5) (100.0)
148
Table 7.4 Projected Trip Rate and Passenger Trips
Projected Trip Rate No. of Passenger Trips Towns Vehicle Public Vehicle Public
Passengers Transport Passengers Transport
Delhi UT 0.007 0.030 93406 339671 Ghazi a bad 0.023 0.075 25300 82500 NO IDA 0.057 0.154 25856 85224 Faridabad 0.036 0.064 25812 64131 Gurgaon 0.063 0.145 31650 101554 Bahadurgarh 0.040 0.119 80 95 23872 Meerut 0.030 0.094 39000 122200 Hapur 0.050 0.135 23272 81000 Bulandshahr 0.011 0.169 8867 169289 Palwal 0.025 0.048 7643 14441 Panipat 0.035 0.128 28200 76800 Rohtak 0.030 0.082 18000 49200 Rewari 0.051 0.097 15446 29151 Al war 0.034 0.112 27500 79500
Table 7.3 Road Passenger Movement Pattern (Generation)
Bus Passengers Vehicle Passengers Movement Total DUT Total DUT
NCR NCR
Internal-Internal 346933 143968 214168 53739 (64.4) (69.6)' ' (86.3) (85.5)
Internal-External 95036 61188 18066 8740 (17.6) (29.5) (7.2) (13.9)
External-Internal 95062 15580 (17.7) (6.499)
External-External 2055 1855 313 366 (0.4) (0.9) (0.001) (0.06)
Total 539085 207014 248127 62845 (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0)
Note: Figures in brackets indicate % to total.
J
Table 7.5 Projected average daily goods traffic (Road) for NCR
Existing Projected Average Annual Towns
Generation Attraction Generation Attraction Simple Rate Growth
1. Delhi UT 40577 59980 82980 124458 7.5 2. Ghaziabad 23415 25995 59357 72136 11.0 3. NO IDA 2165 4606 10283 23230 26.8 4. Faridabad 9676 4738 32898 16968 17.l 5. Gurgaon 2845 2253 19459 15320 41.7 6. Bahadurgarh 1721 1252 7465 5713 23.8 7. Meerut 2210 5705 11558 28810 30.2 8. Hapur /Rest of NCR 11471 3360 45061 25288 20.9 9. Bulandshahr 1705 1710 9070 14405 30.9 10. Palwal 824 691 5042 4215 36.6 11. Panipat 880 5724 14673 22906 112.0 12. Rohtak 2i69 4004 9154 17017 23.0 13. Rewari 829 648 5020 3467 36.1 14. Alwar 1681 4438 10590 27072 37.9 15. Sonepat 7038 4426 28997 16917 22.3 16. Modinagar 1998 1834 8032• 11397 21.6
Rest of NCR 7346 4258 19769 20737 17.8
Total 118550 135622 385266 449008 16.1
149
150
Telecommunications Table 8.1 Telecom Facilities in D.M.A./Priority Towns-1987
SI. Name of Town Existing Exchanges Expected No. 30.9.1987 capacity as
Waiting on 1.4.90 Type Capacity List Remarks
1. Faridabad MAX-I 5100 7585 12.1 Klines (Strowger) (E-IOB)
2. Ballabhgarh MAX-I 1800 1800 (SXS) 3. Bahadurgarh MAX-II 600 226 2000 lines
Electronic (RLU)
4. Rohtak MAX-I 4500 810 5400 (SXS) (Strowger)
5. Gurgaon MAX-I PRX 4000 2000 6000 (E·J/B) (Electronic)
6. Panipat MAX-II 2100 2262 4000 (ICP) 7. Rewari MAX-II 1500 49 2000 (SXS) 8. Dharuhera Manual CBNM 200 3 400L NEAX Elect.
9. Palwal Manual CBNM 840 900L NEAX Elect.
10. Alwar PRX Electronic 3000 681 4000,PRX
11. MIA Alv ar Manual CBNM 250 400L MAX-II 12. Bhiwadi Manual CBNM 300 37 400L NEAX Electronic
13. Ghaziabad -ICP(X) 5000 6000 (ICP) - Strowger 1700 2000 (Dig) RLU '-ICP 2000 2000 ICP
4000 ElOB 13. Loni MAX-II 100 200 Expanded to 200
Jones w.e.f. 6.10.87.
15. NOICA MAX-I 3000 5000· 3000 (SXS) 4000 ElOB Already Commissioned
in 1987-88.
16. Meerut MAX-I 6600 6600 (SXS) (Strowger) ICP 4000 6000 ICP
+ 4000 (Expn.) of ICP Allotment made
17. Hapur MAX-II 1400 450* 1600L 18. Bulandshahr MAX-II 1300 1400L 19. Khurja Manual CBM 960 lOOOL NEAX
Electronic
"Figures as obtained fr.om respective Divisional Telephone Offices. Source: D.O.T. Ministry of Telecommunication.
. '
•
151
Table 8.2 Telex Facllitles In D.M.A./Priority Towns: Proposals
SI. Telex No. Name of Town Remarks
Existing Ex petted Capacity 1.4.90
(1.4.90)
1. Faridabad 150L · 250L Telex expanded to 250 lines during 87-88 and 300L electronic
2. Ballabhgarh concentrator is proposed in 88-89 to replace the existing telex
3. Bahadurgarh exchange.
4. Rohtak 20L
5. Gurgaon 40L lOOL
6. Panipat SOL lOOL 7. Rewari 20L National telex proposed
8. Dharuhera 9. Palwal 20L Notional telex proposed
10. Al war 20L
11. MIA Alwar 20L 40L
12. Bhiwadi 20L
13. Ghaziabad lOOL lOOL · Proposal to increase capacity under consideration.
14. Loni
15. NO IDA 40L lOOL
16. Meerut 60L 150L
17. Hapur 20L
18. Bulandshahr 20L Notional telex proposed
19. Khurja
Source: D.C.T. Mini,stry of Telecommunication.
152
. Table 8.3 Augmentation of Telecom Facilities in OMA/Priority
Towns-7th, 8th & 9th Five Year Plans
1990 1995 2001 SI. Name of Demand Projections Demand Projections Demand Projections No. the Town Normal Likely Normal Likely Normal Likely
Growth Sta us Growth Status Growth Status
1. Faridabad 17380 12.lK 30869 61501 To be capable Ballabgarh l.8K of providing
2. Gurgaon 8509 6K 20583 14K/1993* 59412 telephones
3. Bahadurgarh 879 2K 1172 1657 Practically on demand
4. Rohtak 6454 5.4K 10226 9.4K/1993* 17762
5. Panipat 5022 4K 7943 6K/1993* 13771
. 6. Rewari 2117 2K 3335 3K/1991 5755
7. Dharuhera 0.4K
8. Palwal 925 0.9K 1638 3250
9. Kundli
10. Al war 4349 4K 6936 5K/1992* 12145 '
11. MIA Alwar 0.4K
12. Bhiwadi 0.4K
13. Ghaziabad 13356 14K 23519 46377 Loni 0.2K
14. NO IDA 7.0K 12K/1993*
15. Meerut 18936 12.6K 30212 17.6K/1992* 52922
16. Hapur 1973 l.6K 2965 2K/1992* 4833
17. Bulandshahr 2837 l.4K 4390 2K/1992* 7410
18. Khurja lK
• Year of allotment of Equipment.
Source: D.O.T. Ministry of Telecommunications.
153
Includes the share of Haryana of 62.5 MW •• By Alternate Hydro Energy Centre, Roorkee University as an experimental project. £ Narora Atomic Power Project under Central Sector is being set up for the benefit of
constituent State' of Northern Region. Allocation of power is yet to be decided.
Sources: i. Ministry of Energy/Central Electricity Authority ii. State Power Boards
iii. DESU
135 Unit I May; 1988 Unit II Sept; 1988
210 1987-88
0.3 Not known
470 £ Unit I-87-88 Unit-II 89-90
840 Unit I-1991-92 Unit-II-1992-93 Units III & IV 93-94
1655.3
3489.5
Sub-total
Grand-total
Under Construction 1. Rajghat (DESU} Thermal 2x67.5
(Replacement Units)
2. Panipat Stage III Thermal lx210 (HSEB)
3. Kokroi** Hyde! 3x0.l
4. Narora (APP) Nuclear 2x235
5. Dadri (NTPC) Thermal 4x210
Table 9.1 Power Generation Schemes in the NCR Power Development
SI.No. Schems Type Units & rated Installed Expected year of (Agency) capacity capacity commissioning
MW MW
Existing 1. Rajghat (DESU) Thermal lx15 15
2. IP Estates (DESU) Thermal lx36.6 3x67.5 lx60 284.1*
3. Badarpur (NTPC) Thermal 3x100 2x210 720
4. IP Estate (DESU) Gas 6x30 180
5. Panipat Stage I & II (HSEB) Thermal 4x110 440
Sub Total 1834.1
154
Table 9.2 Pattern of Energy Consumption 1985-86
SI.No. Area Domestic Commercial Industrial Agricultural Others Total
1. Delhi trr 1280.00 80d.OO 1115.00 765.oo· 3960.00 (32.32) (20.20) (28.16) (19.32) (100.00)
2. Haryana Sub-Region 31.50 4.80 78.68 40.59
r 1.83 Sonepat Distt 157.40
ii. Gurgaon Distt. 24.94 6.36 51.58 55.79 5.29 143.96
iii. Faridabad Distt. 72.64 14.34 327.33 53.64 6.95 474.90
Iv. Rohtak Distt. 55.69 13.40 68.00 44.51 2.89 184.49
v. Panipat Tehsil 28.78 9.92 168.27 151.59 2.31 360.87 .. vi. Rewari and Bawal Tehsil 12.33 1.95 25.32 37.17 2.49 79.26
+ Sub-Total 225.88 50.77 719.18 383.29 21.76 1400.88 (16.12) (3.62) (51.33) (27.36) (1.55) (100.00)
3. Rajasthan Sub-Region i. Six Tehsils of 14.74 7.36 253.76 30.29 7.67 313.82
Alwar Distt, (4.69) (2.35) (80.86) (9.66) (2.44) (100.00)
4. Uttar Pradesh i. Meerut Distt, 89.34 3_1.31 157.53 208.09 88.79 575.06
ii. Ghaziabad Distt. 82.75 34.06 498.53 143.65 125.56 884.55
iii Bulandshahr Distt. 28.21 3.35 69.81 291.35 1.78 394.50
Sub-total 200.30 68.72 725.87 643.09 216.13 1854.11
(10.80) (3.71) (39.15) (34.68) (11.66) (100.00)
Grand total 1720.92 926.85 2813.81 1056.67 1010.56 7528.81
(22.86) (12.31) (37.37) (14.04) (13.42) (100.00)
Source: Concerned State Electricity Boards and DESU
Note: 1. Figures in brackets are percentages to total DESU supplied 710 MU in bulk to licencees like NDMC and MES
+ The unrestricted energy consumption would be Domestic: 305, Commercial: 69,
Industrial: 1971, Agricultural: 517 and Others: 30. Total: 1892.
155
Table 9.3 Rural· Electrification and Energisation of Pumpsets
s. Area Total No. Villages Villages Villages Pumpsets Pumpsets Pumpsets
No. of lnhabi- electri- proposed to be energised proposed to be
ted fled to be electri- to be energised
villages electri- fled by energised by the fled the end during end of
during of VII VII Plan VI' Plan VII Plan Plan
I. Delhi UT(31.385) 214 214 Nil 214 15732 2500 18232
Sub-Total (100.0) (100.0)
II. UP Sub-Region (31.3.85)
1. Meerut Distt. 920 710 210 920 40154 3823 43977
2. Ghaziabad Distt. 704 424 280 704 8727 2180 10907
3. Bulandshahr Distt. 1365 651 714 1365 39943 4500 4443
Sub-Total 2989 1785 1204 2989 88824 10503 99327 (59.7) (100)
III. Haryana Sub-Region (31.3.85)
1. Sonepat Distt. 331 331 Nil 331 11687 2000 13687
2. Gurgaon Distt. 673 673 Nil 673 25374 2000 27374
3. Faridabad Dlstt, 425 425 Nil 425 15174 3000 1817'4
4. Rohtak Distt. 438 438 Nil 438 10987 3000 13987
5. Panipat Tehsil 167 167 Nil 167 29295 3000 32295
6. Rewari & Bawa! Tehsils 352 352 Nil 352 14838 2000 16838 Sub-total 2386 2386 Nil 2386 107355 15000 122355
(100.0) (100.0)
IV Rajasthan Sub-Region (31.3.87) Alw.ar, Behror, Mandawar, Tijara, Kishangarh and Ramgarh Tehsils 1063 960 N.A. 1063 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Grand Total 6652 5345 1204 6652 211911 28003 239914 (80.35) (100)
"Includes uninhabited villages. Note: Figures in brackets indicate" percentages of the total number of villages in the respective Sub-region/region. Sources: State Electricity Boards and DESU
156
b) Seweragt( System-1986
Su~reglon Total Info. Sys. Sewerage System Town with Treatment Disposal towns avail· exists
1981 able Comp. Part Com- Water Sanl. Septic Other Yes No. Dra, On river lete blned borne lat tank Ina land
Deihl 6 1 1 1 l 1 1 Haryana 27 26 13 13 13 10 5 6 13 6 6 1
Rajasthan 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 3 Uttar Pradesh 58 58 4 4 3 3 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 N.C.R. 94 89 20 20 11 16 14 9 8 4 16 4 9 9
a) Water Supply 1986
Sub-region No. of Urban Organleed W /S Per capita Population Supplemented anas available consumption coverage % by spot sources
lpcd (range) %
Deihl ITT 6 1 240 94.3 1 Haryana 27 26 30:159 30.100 15 RaJasthan 3 3 80-106 100 18 Uttar Pradesh 58 37 17-220 45-'90 12 NCR 94 67 17-240 30-100
Water Supply, Sewerage, Drainage , and Solld Waste Management
· Table 10.l Urban Wat~r Supply and Sanitation
ER: Energy Requirement PL: Peak Load Sources: State Governments and Ministry of Energy.
( .. Electricity Forecast-2001 Table 9.4
Energy In MU/Load In MW
Area 1989-90 1994-95 1999-2000 2000-2001
ER PL ER PL ER PL ER PL
Delhi ITT 7217 1373 11372 2164 17920 3409 28233 5871 Hayana Sub-region 4046 825 6401 1305 10128 r2065 18024 3678 Rajasthan Sub-region 811 154 1347 256 2237 425 3716 706 Uttar Pradesh Sub-region 3428 675 5434 1070 8613 1696 13651 2883 N.C.R. 15502 3027 24554 4795 38898 7595 61624 12032
157
c) Storm Water Dralnage-1986
Sub-region No.of Info. Drainage Type Disposal towns avail·
1981 able Yes Comp. PartCornb. Open Cove- l)ralns/ On lrrt· 0th- red sewer land gate ers
Delhi 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 Haryana 27 26 2 2 2 2 Rajasthan 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 1 2 Uttar Pradesh 58 58 33 1 32 1 32 31 2 N.C.R. 94 89 !,2 2 50 11 49 4 35 3 6
d) Solldwaste Management-1986
Sub-region/NCR No.of Info. Solldwaste Type of Disposal towns available managed In
for Comp. Sanitary Land Open refill
Delhi 6 1 1 1 1 1 Haryana 27 26 Rajasthan 3 3 3 3 Uttar Pradesh 58 19 14 11 3 N.C.R. 94 49 3'1 2 1 19 11 Sour.ce: State Governments and DWS and SOU.
Table 10.2 Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
Sub-region/ No. of No. served by Problem VIiiages No. of Type Tehsll vlJJages villages and
Canals Wells HP PWS Scar.city Bad No.local with cove· (Water) quality sources sewer-
age
I. Deihl UT 1. Delhi Not available
II. Haryana 1. Bahadurgarh 92 90 5 2. Jhajjar 231 74 100 6 21 3. Rewari 346 346 346 37 309 4. Me ham 30 24 24 8 5. Rohtak 103 45 45 42 6. Sonepat 215 53 13 49 66 117 7. Panipat 167 47 120 68 84 123 39 Sub-Total 1184 333 581 55 549 238 199 348 III. Rajas than 1. Ramgarh 134 16 116 18 11 1 4 2. Alwar 156 33 118 35 13 1 11 3. 11jara 186 11 175 11 6 6 4. Munda war 114 16 100 14 6 7 5. Kishangarh 180 20 155 25 11 2 18 6. Behror 159 55 100 59 8 1 11 Sub-Total 929 151 764 162 55 5 57
158
Table 12.2 Additional Demand for Housing Units-1988-2001
Sub-regions/ Occupied Residential Houses Population ORH require- Addition Region Assignment ment by 2000 H.Units
1971 1981 1987 for 2001 @ 5 persons per between (Actual) (Actual) (estimated) (in lakhs) Units 1988-2001
(In lakhs)
u 1,06,157 2,10,427 2,45,690 43.5 8.7 6.243 Haryana R 4,63,113 5,42,379 5,30,945 34.5 6.9 1.591
T 5,69,270 7,52,806 7,76,635 78.0 15.6 7.834 u 1,61,325 3,26,603 3,83,193 75.5 15.1 11.268
Utter Pradesh R 6,82,078 7,82,515 7,58,499 45.5 9.1 1.515 T 8,43,403 11,09,118 11,41,692 121.0 24.2 12.783 u 18,718 29,494 32,364 5.0 1.0 0.677
Rejasthan R 1,05,391 1,34,082 1,36,166 9.0 1.8 0.438 T 1,24,109 1,63,576 1,68,530 14.0 2.8 1.115 u 2,86,200 5,66,524 6,61,247 124.0 24.8 18.188
NCR (Excluding R 12,50,582 14,58,976 14,25,610 89.0 17.8 3.544 Delhi UT) T 15,36,782 20,25,500 20,86,857 213.0 42.6 21.732
"Net after allowing 10% for non-residential, vacant and non-liveable units. Source: Census 1971, 1981 for actuals.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
IV. Uttar Pradesh 1. Meerut 268 45 71 2. Mawana 305 13 9 3. Baghpat 231 9 29 4 4. Sardhana 212 15 84 5. Ghaziabad 167 107 59 6. Hapur 232 128 93 r
7. Dadri 155 25 42 32 8. Garhmukteshwar 153 53 45 9. Bulandshahr 404 105 359 3 10. Khurja 370 100 241 3 11. Anupsagar 420 74 - 299 12. Sikandrabad 266 63 147
Sub-Total 3183 737 1478 42
Sources: State Governments, DWS and SOU.
Shelter Table 12.1 Occupied Residential Houses-1971-til
Sub-Region/ Occupied Residential towns Region 1971 1981
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
Haryana 1,06,157 4,63,113 5,69,270 2,10,427 5,42,379 7,52,806 Uttar Pradesh 1,61,325 6,82,078 8,43,403 3,26,603 7,82,515 11,09,118 Rajasthan 18,718 1,05,391 1,24,109 29,494 1,34,082 1,63,576 NCR(excluding Delhi UT) 2,82,200 12,50,582 15,36,782 5,66,524 14,58,976 20,25,500 Net after deleting 10% 2,57,580 11,25,524 13,83,104 5,09,872 13,13,078 18,22,950 Occupancy Rate 7.33 7.309 7.313 6.53 7.34 7.116
Sources: Census 1971, 1981
Table 12.4 Housing Requirement in Phases-1988-2001
Category 1988-90 1990-95 1995-2000 2000-2001 Total
E.w.s. a) Slum upgradation 0.22 0.70 0.85 0.22 1.99
./
b) Sites & Services 0.70 2.15 2.70 0.44 5.99
L.I.G. 0.32 1.00 1.20 0.265 2.785
M.I.G. 0.06 0.20 0.25 0.07 0.58
Total 1.30 4.05 5.00 0.995 11.345
159
Table 12.3 Additional Housing Requirements in the Priority, DMA and other Towns by-2001
Housing Requirement Net liveable Additional Towns by 2001 Housing Units Requirement
(lakhs) in 1987 (actual) 1988-2001
Priority Towns 1. Mee rut 3.1 1,17,703 1,92,297
2. Hapur 0.9 16,988 73,012 3. Bulandshahr 1.0 17,891 82,109 4. Khurja 0.6 10,416 49,584 5. Panipat 1.0 26,157 73,843 6. Rohtak 1.0 28,926 71,074 7. Palwal 0.6 7,545 52,455 8. Rewari 0.22 8,222 13,723 9. Dharuhera 0.15 15,000 10. Bhiwadi 0.23 23,000 11. Alwar 1.0 26,680 73,320
Sub-Total 9.8 2,60,583 7,19,417
DMA Towns 1. Bahadurgarh 0.4 7,017 32,983 2. Farldabad Complex 2.0 79,001 1,20,999 3. Ghaziabad 2.2 64,722 1,55,278 4. Gurgaon 1.4 9,315 1,20,685 5. Kundli 0.3 30,000' 6. NOIDA 1.1 1,10,000
Sub-Total 7.4 1,70,055 5,69,945
Other Urban Centres in NCR 7.6 2,30,609 5,29,391-
Total Urban NCR excluding Delhi UT 24.8 6,61,247 18,18,753
160
. Source: State Forest Departments & Delhi Administration Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentages to total of the respective category forest.
31640 55544 10088 56202 2980769 153474 NCR
NA
10088 (100.0)
NA
1064 (1.9)
15619 (27.8)
39519 (70.3)
1995 (6.3)
20850 (65.9)
8795 (27.8)
16308 (29.4)
7346 (13.2)
30447 (54.8)
NA NA NA
Rajasthan
Haryana
149788 1443 (0.9)
1075993 29455 (19.4)
1334640 43815 (28.5)
420348 78761 (51.3)
Uttar Pradesh
NA Delhi ITT
Reserved Protected Unclasified forest forest forest
Social forest
Total Reporting Total area forest
Sub-region
Table 13.2 Distribution of Forest Area in NCR-1985
Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentages to total of the NCR Source: Compiled from State Government records.
2992720 (100.00)
1090288 (36.43)
418945 (14.00)
1336000 (44.64)
147487 (4.93)
100.0 Total Reporting Area
79.9
1.8
0.2
1.2
0.28
4.7
9.9
,·
65222 (100.00)
296509 (100.00)
141677 (100.00)
8323 (100.00)
26648 (100.00)
4740 (100.00)
57484 (100.00)
2392118 (100.00)
19918 (30.5)
114860 (38.7)
31545 (22.3)
2017 (24.2)
2593 (9.7)
3512 (74.1)
25555 (44.5)
890288 (37.3)
9870 (15.2)
17398 (5.9)
56425 (39.8)
2407 (28.9)
11262 (42.3)
.94 (l.9)
7073 (12.2)
314419 (13.1)
24000 (41.8)
1099000 (45.9)
34000 (52.l)
128431 (43.3)
35000 (24.7)
3569 (42.9)
12000 (45:0)
Cultivated Land 8.
7.
6.
Permanent pasture & Other grazing land I
Land under Misc tree crops and groves
Culturable Waste
5.
Water Bodies 4.
3.
1434 (2.2)
35820 (24.2)
18707 (13.2)
329 (4.0)
793 (3.0)
1137 (24.0)
856 (l.5)
88411 (3.7)
Land put to non agricultural use
Barren Land
2.
2.1 Forest 1.
NCR Proportion reported
Delhi Haryana Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh
Category
(Area in hectares) Table 13.1 Landuse in the NCR-1986-87 (Sub-regionwise Distribution)
Regional Landuse
Table 13.3 Landuse Pattern of the NCR 1986-87
SI. Category Based on Land Records Based on Satellite Imageries
Sub-Region Sub-Region
Delhi Hary- Raja- Uttar NCR Delhi Hary- Raja- Uttar NCR ana sthan Pradesh ana sthan Pradesh
1. Forest 1434 34000 9870 .19918 65222 2678 2075 19203 11601 35557 n.o: (2.5) (2.4) (1.8) (2.1) (l.8) (0.15) (4.27) (l.O) (l.2)
2. Land p~! to 35820 128431 17398 114860 296509 35820 128431 17398 114860 296509 Non-agri- (24.2) (9.6) (4.2) (10.5) (9.9) (24.2) (9.6) (4.2) (10.5) (9.9) cultural use
3. Barren Land 18707 35000 56425 31545 141677 11438 88044 58539 38217 196238 (12.7) (2.6) (13.5) (2.9) (4.7) (7.7) (7.4) (13.0) (3.5) (6.5)
4. Water 329 3569 2407 2017 8323 329 3569 2407 2011 8323 Bodies (0.22) (0.27) (0.54) (0.19) (0.28) (0.22) (0.27) (0.54) (0.19) (0.28)
5. Permanent pasture & 793 1200 11262 2593 26648 793 12000 11262 2593 26648 Other grazing Land (0.5) (0.9) (2.7) (0.2) (l.2) (0.5) (0.9) (2.7) (0.2) (l.2)
6. Land under Misc tree 1137 91 3512 4740 1137 91 3512 4740 crops & groves (0.8) (0.02) (0.3) (0.2) (0.8) (0.02) (0.3) (0.2)
7. Culturable 856 24000 7073 25555 57484 856 24000 7073 25555 57484 (0.6) (1.8) (1.7) (2.4) (l.8) (0.6) (l.8) (l.7) (2.4) (l.8)
8. Cultivated 88411 1099000 314419 890288 2392118 95249 1083182 333256 88694 2398631 Land (59.79) (82.3) (73.1) (81.7) (79.9) (64.2) (80.7) (74.1) (81.3) (79.3)
Total 147487 1336000 41945 1090288 2992720 148300 1341299 449300 108298 3024211 Reporting Area (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00)
Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentages to total ~I the NCR Source: Compiled from State Government Records and Satellite imageries.
Table 13.4 Proposed Landuse in NCR-2001
District/ Landuse Forest Difference Barren Cultural Land put Proposed Tehsil Category area in cultlva- land waste to Non Forest
with no ted land (SG-SI) Agricul- Expansion tree (SG-SI) tural
cover
I. Delhi UT (-) 1244 (-) 6838 7269 856 35820 8800 II. Haryana Sub-Region
1. Gurgaon 9970 38358 (-) 44294 38149 59200 2. Faridabad 4000 (-) 6095 (-) 7789 27703 !;850'o 3. Rohtak 8000 (-) 9837 (-) 3253 13000 25167 19700 4. Sonepat 7966 (-) 11502 (-) 4531 10000 16811 13600 5. Rewari & Bawa! 1989 . (-) 5428 3100 15000 8300 6. Panipat 10323 3723 1000 5601 4700 Sub-Total (-) 31925 (+) 15819 (-) 53044 (+) 24000 (+) 128431 134000
Ill. Rajasthan Sub-Region 1. Alwar (part of NCR) (-) 9333 (-) 18837 (-) 2114 7073 17398 89860
IV. U.P. Sub-Region 1. Meerut .I 813 (-) 1450 (-) 2912 5182 46238 1,800 2. Ghaziabad (-) 1050 (-) 4730 1173 7398 32654 29100 3. Bulandshahr 8555 9524 (-) 1033 12975 35968 ,8100 Sub-total (+) 8317 (+) 3344 (-) 6672 2555 114860 7000
NCR Total (-) 29665 (+) 6512 (-) 54561 (+) 57484 (+)296509 (+)302660
SG: State Government; SI: Satellite Imagery
161
162
II. Priority Towns 1. Meerut 8082 5.37, 66 15.50 125 12400 4318 2. Hapur 583 1.03 177 4.50 110 4901 3508 3. Bulandshahr 939 1.03 109 5.00 125 4000 3061 4. Khurja 1036 0.67 64 3.00 110 2727 1691 5. Panipat 2082 1.37 66 5.00 125 4000 1918 6. Rohtak 2203 1.66 75 5.00 110 4545 2342 7. Palwal 552 0.47 85 3.00 110 2727 2175 8. Rewari 606 0.52 86 1.10 110 1000 394 9. Dharuhera 0.05 0.75 80 937 937 10. Bhiwadi 445 1.15 110 1045 600 11. Al war 8000 1.47 18 5.00 110 4545 Nil
Sub-Total II. 24528 14.33 49.00 42017 20007 Ill. Rest of the Towns 37307 10.69 40.00 51563 14256
(Excluding Delhi) Grand Total 90612 33.70 126.00 123561 45291
Table' 13.5 Land Requirement for Urban Development By 2001
SI. Town/Urban 1981 2001 Land Additional Complex Required Landin
Area In Popula- Density Assigned Density Hectares Hectares Hectares tlon In per Population per
Lakhs Hectare Hectare
I. · OMA Towns r
1. Ghaziabad incl. Loni 6840 3.00 44 11.00 125 88.00 1960 2. NO IDA 600 0.75 125 5.50 125 4400 3800 3. Faridabad-Ballabgarh 17824 3.30 19 10.00 125 8000 Nil
4. Gurgaon 2413 1.01 42 7.00 125 5600 3187 5. Bahadurgarh 900 0.37 41 2.00 110 1818 918 6. Kundli 200 0.25 125 1.50 110 1363 1163
Sub-Total I. 28777 8.68 37.00 29981 11028
36. Chandigath Union Territory
35. Gwalior Madhya Pradesh
27. Blkaner 25. Ajmer
26. Kota
24. Jaipur Rajasthan
163
19. Ambala Haryana 20. Yamunanagar
21. Hissar
22: Karna!
23. Bhiwani
28. Ganga pa gar
29. Bharatpur
30. Sikar
34. Bhatinda 33. Patiala 31. Ludhiana
32. Jalandhar
Punjab ·
Population 1981
Class 1 (100,000 Population and above) 5 Lakhs and above 3 to below 5 lakhs 2 to below 3 lakhs 1 to below 2 lakhs
1. Kanpur 4. Barellly 7. Saharanpur 13. Mathura
2. Agra 5. Morada bad 8. Dehradun 14. Farukhabad
3. Allahabad 6. Aligarh 9. Jhansi 15. Haridwar
10. Shahjahanpur 16. Amroha
11. Rampur 17. Etawah
12. Ferozabad 18. Sambhal
Uttar Pradesh
State
Table 16.1 Search Zone Delineation for Counter-magnet Stuay
Counter-Magnet Areas
164
Co-opted Members .
1. Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh 2. Secretary, Ministry of Industry, Government of India
3. . Chairman, Railway Board, Government of India 4. Secretary, Ministry of Surface Transport, Government of India 5. Adviser (HUD), Planning Commission, Government of India 6. Vice-Chairman, Delhi Development Authority.
17. Chief Secretary, Government of Haryana 18. Chief Secretary, Government of Rajasthan 19. Secretary, Housing & Urban Development, Government of Uttar Pradesh 20. Chief Secretary, Delhi Administration
21. Member-Secretary, National Capital Region Planning Board
Chairman Member Member Member ..
Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member
Member Member
r 1. Union Minister of Urban Development 2. Chief Minister of Haryana
'3. Chief Minister of Rajasthan
4. Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
5. Lt. Governor of Delhi 6. Chief Executive Councillor Delhi Metropolitan Council 7. Union Minister of Industry 8. Union Minister of State for Railways
9. Union Minister of State for Surface Transport 10. Member (Urban Development) Planning Commission 11. Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development 12. Secretary, Department of Expenditure Ministry of Finance
13. Chief Planner, Town & Country Planning Organisation 14. Minister of Town & Country Planning, Government of Haryana 15. ' Minister of Urban Development Government of Rajasthan 16. Minister of State in charge of Urban Development, Government of Uttar Pradesh
The National Capital Region Planning Board was constituted on the 28th March, 1985 under the provisions of National Capital Region Planning Board Act, 1985. The National Capital Region Planning Board, under the Chairmanship of the Union Minister of Works and Housing (now called Urban Development) has 21 members and .6 co-opted members, having its composition as under:
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD
,•
165
PLANNING COMMITTEE
1. Member Secretary 11. Chief Town Planner NCR Planning Board Chairman Government of Uttar Pradesh Member
2. Joint Secretary in the Ministry 12. Joint Adviser Representative of Urban Development dealing Planning Commission with the work relating to -NCR Member · Government of India Member
3. Secretary-in-charge of NCR 13. Chief E~gineer (Planning) work in the State of Haryana Member Representative, Ministry of
Shipping and Transport 4. Secretary-in-charge of NCR Government of India Member
work in the State of Rajasthan Member 14. Director (Power)
5. Secretary-in-charge of NCR Repr~sentative, Ministry of work in the State of Energy, Government of India Member Uttar Pradesh Member
15. Director (Planning) 6. Secretary-in-charge of NCR Representative, Ministry of
work in the Delhi Union Railways, Government of India Member ·~ Territory Member
16. Deputy Director General (T.P.) · 7. Vice Chairman Representative, Ministry of
Delhi Development Authority Member Communications, Government of India Member
8. Chief Planner Town & Country Planning 17 Chairman and Managing Director Organisation Member Housing & Urban Development
Corporation Member 9. Director, Town Planning
Department Government 18. Director, of Haryana Member Department of Environment,
Government of India Member 10. Chief Town Planner
Government of Rajasthan Member 19. Chief Regional Planner NCR Planning Board Member
(Convenor)
Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee
Defence Terrain Research Laboratory, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi
Operation Research Group, Baroda
Physical Research Laboratory; Ahmedabad
School of Planning & Architecture, New Delhi
National Institute of Public Finance & Policy New Delhi
National Institute of Urban Affairs, New Delhi.
Society for Development/Studies (SOS), New Delhi. ·
Institutions
166
4. Computer Modelling for Urban Development
5. Landuse Analysis based on Landsat Imageries and Aeiral Photographs
6. Traffic & Transportation Surveys and Studies
7. Settlement System
8. Counter-magnet area Study
3. Fiscal Policy for National Capital Region
1. Migration Studies in the Context of NCR Plan
2. Study on Informal Sector in NCR
Name of the Study
STUDfES UNDERTAKEN THROUGH PROFESSIONAL CONSULTANTS/INSTITUTIONS
I
.)
8. Tele-Communications
7. Environment
1. Economic Profile and Fiscal measures
2. Land-use and Settlement System
3. Regional Transport
4. Physical Infrastructure
5. Power Development
6. Social Infrastructure
STUDY GROUPS ON
STUDY GROUPS IN CONNECTION WITH THE PREPARATION ~F DRAFT REGIONAL PLAN 2001-NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
167
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