2 22 2 "Chinese"�1970s-1980s1970s-1980s1970s-1980s1970s-1980s "Chinese""Chinese""Chinese" LeagueLeagueLeagueLeague i~i~i~i~

discontents�discontentsdiscontentsdiscontents

AndrewAndrewAndrewAndrew MorrisMorrisMorrisMorris

NoNoNoNo singlesinglesinglesingle sportsportsportsport hashashashas establishedestablishedestablishedestablished itselfitselfitselfitself asasasas thethethethe ChineseChineseChineseChinese favorite.favorite.favorite.favorite. SoccerSoccerSoccerSoccer drawsdrawsdrawsdraws thethethethe largestlargestlargestlargest crowdscrowdscrowdscrowds ............

JamesJamesJamesJames Wei,Wei,Wei,Wei, GovernmentGovernmentGovernmentGovernment InformationInformationInformationInformation Ol1lceOl1lceOl1lceOl1lce Chairman,Chairman,Chairman,Chairman, 1972197219721972 C\.\O)C\.\O)C\.\O)C\.\O)

BaseballBaseballBaseballBaseball isisisis everywhereeverywhereeverywhereeverywhere inininin Taiwan.Taiwan.Taiwan.Taiwan. LeonardLeonardLeonardLeonard Pratt,Pratt,Pratt,Pratt, AssociatedAssociatedAssociatedAssociated Press,Press,Press,Press, 1972197219721972 (D-I-2)(D-I-2)(D-I-2)(D-I-2)

TaiwaTaiwaTaiwaneseneseneseTaiwanese LittleLittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeagueLeague teamsteamsteamsteams wonwonwonwon 10101010 LittleLittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeagueLeague WorldWorldWorldWorld SeriesSeriesSeriesSeries titlestitlestitlestitles betwebetwebetweenenenbetween 1969196919691969 andandandand 1981,1981,1981,1981, andandandand 17171717 inininin thethethethe 28-year28-year28-year28-year periodperiodperiodperiod fromfromfromfrom 1969196919691969 totototo 1996.1996.1996.1996. 1111 AsAsAsAs ifififif thisthisthisthis werewerewerewere notnotnotnot enoughenoughenoughenough agonyagonyagonyagony forforforfor thethethethe youthyouthyouthyouth ofofofof AmericaAmericaAmericaAmerica andandandand theirtheirtheirtheir often-racistoften-racistoften-racistoften-racist parenparenparentststsparents (of(of(of(of whomwhomwhomwhom moremoremoremore follows),follows),follows),follows), thethethethe LittleLittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeagueLeague BaseballBaseballBaseballBaseball (LLB)(LLB)(LLB)(LLB) establish­establish­establish­establish­mentmentmentment alsoalsoalsoalso beganbeganbeganbegan invitinginvitinginvitinginviting TaiwanTaiwanTaiwanTaiwan totototo sendsendsendsend teamsteamsteamsteams totototo thethethethe SeniorSeniorSeniorSenior LeagueLeagueLeagueLeague andandandand BigBigBigBig LeaguLeaguLeaguLeagueeee worldworldworldworld championshipschampionshipschampionshipschampionships heldheldheldheld everyeveryeveryevery summer,summer,summer,summer, respectively,respectively,respectively,respectively, inininin Gary,Gary,Gary,Gary, IndiaIndiaIndiaIndianananana andandandand FtFtFtFt Lauderdale,Lauderdale,Lauderdale,Lauderdale, Florida.Florida.Florida.Florida. Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's teenageteenageteenageteenage representatives­representatives­representatives­representatives­essentessentessentiallyiallyiallyessentially nationalnationalnationalnational all-starall-starall-starall-star teamsteamsteamsteams drawingdrawingdrawingdrawing fromfromfromfrom talenttalenttalenttalent acrossacrossacrossacross thethethethe entireentireentireentire island­island­island­island­

eeevenvenvenwerewerewerewere even moremoremoremore dominantdominantdominantdominant inininin thesethesethesethese competitions.competitions.competitions.competitions. InInInIn thethethethe SeniorSeniorSeniorSenior LeagueLeagueLeagueLeague divisiondivisiondivisiondivision forforforfor 11113-to-15-year-olds3-to-15-year-olds3-to-15-year-olds3-to-15-year-olds (Qingshaohang(Qingshaohang(Qingshaohang(Qingshaohang TJf<l>*1~),TJf<l>*1~),TJf<l>*1~),TJf<l>*1~), Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's teamsteamsteamsteams wonwonwonwon ninenineninenine straigstraigstraighththtstraight worldworldworldworld championshipschampionshipschampionshipschampionships fromfromfromfrom 1972197219721972 totototo 1980,1980,1980,1980, andandandand 17171717 inininin allallallall overoveroverover aaaa 21-ycar21-ycar21-ycar21-ycar periodperiodperiod... 16-to-18-year-olds16-to-18-year-olds16-to-18-year-olds16-to-18-year-olds Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's BigBigBigBig LeagucLeagucLeagucLeaguc (Qinghong(Qinghong(Qinghong(Qinghong ))))period. TheTheTheThe onononon teamsteamsteamsteams wonwonwonwon 17171717 worldworldworldworld championshipschampionshipschampionshipschampionships inininin aaaa 23-year23-year23-year23-year periodperiodperiodperiod (Yu(Yu(Yu(Yu 2007:2007:2007:2007: 170170170170 171).171).171).171).

JamJamJameseses WeiWeiWeiWei aboveaboveaboveabove andandandand thethethethe governmentgovernmentgovernmentgovernment hehehehe servedservedservedserved werewerewerewere unaware,unaware,unaware,unaware, cver-ycver-ycver-ycver-yIfIfIfIf James summsummsummererersummer duringduringduringduring thethethethe 1970s1970s1970s1970s becamebecamebecamebecame aaaa momentmomentmomentmoment forforforfor extravagantextravagantextravagantextravagant celebrationcelebrationcelebrationcelebration

mmmassiveassiveassivewithwithwithwith massive parades,parades,parades,parades, scholarships,scholarships,scholarships,scholarships, TVTVTVTV appearancesappearancesappearancesappearances andandandand presidentialpresidentialpresidentialpresidential visitsvisitsvisitsvisits ofofofof thethethethe latestlatestlatestlatest worldworldworldworld basebaJ1basebaJ1basebaJ1basebaJ1 titlestitlestitlestitles wonwonwonwon bybybyby TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese boysboysboysboys andandandand youngyoungyoungyoung men.men.men.men.

EacEacEacEachhhh ofofofof thesethesethesethese championshipschampionshipschampionshipschampionships wonwonwonwon orororor lostlostlostlost bearsbearsbearsbears fascinatingfascinatingfascinatingfascinating storiesstoriesstoriesstories thatthatthatthat revealrevealrevealreveal muchmuchmuchmuch aboutaboutaboutabout thethethethe standingstandingstandingstanding andandandand worthworthworthworth ofofofof thethethethe once-Japaneseonce-Japaneseonce-Japaneseonce-Japanese gamegamegamegame ofofofof basebbasebbasebbaseballallallall thatthatthatthat nownownownow wonwonwonwon thethethethe "Free"Free"Free"Free China"China"China"China" regimeregimeregimeregime suchsuchsuchsuch recognitionrecognitionrecognitionrecognition abroad.abroad.abroad.abroad. HereHereHereHere IIII willwillwillwill looklooklooklook atatatat twotwotwotwo mainmainmainmain elementselementselementselements ofofofof thisthisthisthis basebal1basebal1basebal1basebal1 historyhistoryhistoryhistory IntroducedIntroducedIntroducedIntroduced aboveaboveabove:::above: thethethethe tensionstensionstensionstensions andandandand contradictionscontradictionscontradictionscontradictions betweenbetweenbetweenbetween nationalistnationalistnationalistnationalist andandandand dissidentdissidentdissidentdissident usesusesusesuses (both(both(both(both ideologicalideologicalideologicalideological andandandand diplomatic)diplomatic)diplomatic)diplomatic) ofofofof thethethethe game,game,game,game, andandandand thethethethe intenseintenseintenseintense cultureculturecultureculture ofofofof losslosslossloss

ssshamehamehameandandandand shame thatthatthatthat actual1yactual1yactual1yactual1y grewgrewgrewgrew aroundaroundaroundaround thethethethe unendingunendingunendingunending triumphstriumphstriumphstriumphs onononon thethethethe baseballbaseballbaseballbaseball field.field.field.field.

262626 AndreI\"Andrfl\'Andrfl\' MorrisMorrisMorris

ChineseffaiwaneseLittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague BaseballBaseballBaseball andandand aaa ChineserraiwaneseChineserraiwanese nationnationnation

Overv/helmingOverv/helming victoriesvictoriesvictories ininin IndianaOvenvhelming yearlyyearlyyearly achievedachievedachieved Pennsylvania,Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania. 11ndianandiana andandand ofhcial whatFloridaFloridaFlorida hadhadhad veryveryvery littlelittlelittle impactimpactimpact ononon ofl1cialofl1cial NationalistNationalistNationalist supportsupportsupport forforfor \vhat\vhat theytheythey

sawsawsaw asasas thethethe JapaneseJapaneseJapanese gamegamegame ofofof baseball.baseball.baseball. OtlicialOtlicial mediamediamedia andandand state-friendlystate-friendlystate-friendly intel­intel­intel­lectualslectualslectuals diddiddid theirtheirtheir bestbestbest tototo maximizemaximizemaximize thethethe ideologicalideologicalideological impactimpactimpact ofofof thesethesethese teams'teams'teams' dominance,dominance,dominance, butbutbut ititit seemsseemsseems thatthatthat ititit waswaswas trulytrulytruly diflicultdiflicultdiflicult forforfor thethethe NationalistNationalistNationalist regimeregimeregime tototo

OITicial

game. otlicialactuallyactuallyactually supportsupportsupport thethethe game,game, ForForFor example,example,example, ananan ofl1cialofl1cial 197419741974 volumevolumevolume ononon AmateurAmateurAmateur sportsportsport ininin thethethe RepuhlicRepuhlicRepuhlic ofof ('hina('hina includedincluded justjustjust fourfourfour pagespagespages (out(out(out ofofof 112112 pagespagespages total)total)total)0/ (lTino includeJ I 12

islanJ'sononon thethethe island'sisland's favoritefavoritefavorite sportsportsport (Republic(Republic(Republic ofofof ChinaChinaChina OlympicOlympicOlympic Committee:Committee:Committee: 1974).1974).1974). International IslanJ'sInInIn 1976,1976,1976, thethethe InternationalInternational BaseballBaseballBaseball Association,Association,Association, ininin recognitionrecognitionrecognition ofofof thethethe Island'sIsland's

awarJeJexcellenceexcellenceexcellence ininin thethethe game,game,game, awardedawarded TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan thethethe rightrightright tototo holdholdhold thethethe 24th24th24th IBAIBAIBA WorldWorldWorld Cup.Cup.Cup. ThereThereThere werewerewere nonono funJsfundsfunds forthcomingforthcomingforthcoming fromfromfrom Taipei,Taipei,Taipei, though,though,though, sososo ititit waswaswas

helJ AnJeventuallyeventuallyeventually heldheld ininin ColombiaColombiaColombia insteadinsteadinstead (Gao(Gao(Gao 1994:1994:1994: 170).170).170). AndAnd thatthatthat samesamesame year,year,year, JiJ anJbaseballbaseballbaseball coachescoachescoaches diddid notnotnot getgetget tototo joinjoinjoin thethethe tracktracktrack andand field,field,field, soccer,soccer,soccer, swimming,swimming,swimming,

h~lnJball,handball,handball, boxingboxingboxing andandand gymnasticsgymnasticsgymnastics coachescoachescoaches whowhowho eacheacheach werewerewere sentsentsent abroadabroadabroad forforfor fourfourfour monthsmonthsmonths ofofof technicaltechnicaltechnical trainingtrainingtraining (Taiwan(Taiwan(Taiwan ProvincialProvincialProvincial EducationEducationEducation DepartmentDepartmentDepartment 1988:1988:1988: 8(6).8(6).8(6).

ThisThisThis refusalrefusalrefusal tototo fundfundfund baseballbaseballbaseball furtherfurtherfurther couldcouldcould onlyonlyonly havehavehave beenbeenbeen aaa functionfunctionfunction ofofof thethethe state\state\ utterutterutter inabilityinabilityinability tototo understandunderstandunderstand thethethe historicalhistoricalhistorical (read:(read: Japanese)Japanese)Japanese) uniquenessuniquenessuniquenesssUIte's (reaJ: ofofof thethethe game.game.game. OneOneOne otlicialotlicial chroniclerchroniclerchronicler repeatedlyrepeatedlyrepeatedly triedtriedtried tototo describedescribe thethethe signif1­signif1­signif1­cancecancecance ananan written

ollicial Jescribe ofofof Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's baseballbaseballbaseball victoriesvictoriesvictories bybyby usingusingusing essayessayessay \vritten\vritten bybyby ChiangChiangChiang

Kai-shekKai-shekKai-shek ininin SeptemberSeptemberSeptember 194219421942 forforfor thethethe nationalnationalnational SportsSportsSports DayDayDay holidayholidayholiday backbackback ininin SichuanSichuanSichuan ProvinceProvinceProvince (Yao(Yao 1977:1977:1977: i:i:i: YaoYao 1978:1978:1978: i).i).i). InInIn 197197197 LLL Chiang'sChiang'sChiang's onlyonlyonly adviceadviceadvice forforfor thethethe TainanTainanTainan GiantsGiantsGiants (Ta;J1on(Taillon(Taillon JurenJuren}ureJ1 'Ell'?}'Ell'?}~1P?}i=iAI=~A) beforebeforebefore theytheythey leftleftleft forforfor AmericaAmericaAmerica

(Vao Vao I=~A))

tototo "be"be"be truetruetrue andandand purepurepure Chinese"Chinese"Chinese" (t{/ngwng(t{/ngwng zhengzhengzhengzheng dedede ZhongguorenZhongguorenZhongguorenwaswaswas (tongwng zheJ1gzheng ';~1t I!~ ((oj III lftj'l~~·f:~.:·f:~.: 'l~t IEIEIE IFIF (f<J(f<J tIltIl [[!Xl[[!Xl A).A).A).

ThisThisThis teamteamteam wonwonwon thethethe worldworldworld championshipchampionshipchampionship ininin Williamsport-anWilliamsport-anWilliamsport-an eventeventevent viewedviewedviewed a.m,)ononon early-morningearly-morningearly-morning (2:00-5:00(2:00-5:00(2:00-5:00 a.m.)a.m.) televisiontelevisiontelevision bybyby somesomesome 101010 millionmillionmillion peoplepeoplepeople ininin

Taiwan,Taiwan,Taiwan, aaa staggeringstaggeringstaggering two-thirdstwo-thirdstwo-thirds ot'ot' thethethe island'sisland'sisland's population.population.population. (This(This(This audienceaudienceaudience diddiddid notnotnot includeincludeinclude ChiangChiangChiang Kai-shek,Kai-shek,Kai-shek, who,who,who, accordingaccordingaccording tototo thethethe team'steam'steam's coach,coach,coach, wentwentwent tototo bedbedbed ininin angerangeranger afterafterafter aaa first-inningfirst-inningfirst-inning homehomehome runrunrun putputput GaryGaryGary upupup bybyby threethreethree HillS.

01'

runs.runs. SongSongSong Meiling,Meiling,Meiling, accompaniedaccompaniedaccompanied bybyby otherotherother ollicials,ollicials, diddiddid watchwatchwatch thethethe entireentireentire game,game,game, rousingrousingrousing thethethe President-for-LifePresident-for-LifePresident-for-Life onlyonlyonly afterafterafter victoryvictoryvictory waswaswas sealedsealedsealed ininin thethethe 9th9th9th inninginninginning

ofhcials,

of[Children[Children[Children ofofof Baseball:Baseball:Baseball: GiantsGiantsGiants 2000].)2000].)2000].) ButButBut eveneveneven withwithwith thethethe benefitbenefitbenefit ot'ot' allallall thisthisthis rest,rest,rest, ChiangChiangChiang couldcouldcould onlyonlyonly phrasephrasephrase hishishis enthusiasmenthusiasmenthusiasm bybyby pointingpointingpointing out,out,out, "I"I"I trusttrusttrust thatthatthat allallall thethethe compatriotscompatriotscompatriots ofofof thethethe nationnationnation willwillwill bebebe movedmovedmoved andandand excitedexcitedexcited bybyby thethethe GiantsGiantsGiants LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague team,team,team, ininin eacheacheach person'sperson'sperson's ownownown way,way,way, tototo workworkwork tototo quicklyquicklyquickly retakeretakeretake thethethe mainlanJmainlandmainland andandand restorerestorerestore glorygloryglory tototo thethethe motherland"motherland"motherland" (Appleton(Appleton(Appleton 1972:1972:1972: 37;37;37; LinLinLin

47).1995:1995:1995: 47),47), hubrishubrishubris matchedmatchedmatched membersmembersmembers olllcial media, OneOneOneChiang'sChiang'sChiang's waswaswas bybyby ofofof hishishis omcialomcial media.media.

columnistcolumnistcolumnist leaptleaptleapt fromfromfrom thethethe 197119711971 Giants'Giants'Giants' extra-inningsextra-inningsextra-innings championshipchampionshipchampionship winwinwin tototo thethethe currentcurrentcurrent "standoff""standoff" acrossacrossacross thethethe TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan StraitsStraitsStraits ininin aaa piecepiecepiece calledcalledcalled "Revelation:"Revelation:"Revelation: Victory":Victory":Victory":

"standolf"

191970s70s -/980s-/980s .... Chinese"Chinese"1970s-j980s "Chinese" Liule Its

TheTheThe oihcersoihcersoihcers andandand troopstroopstroops ofofof thethethe NationalistNationalistNationalist areareare defendingdefendingdefending Penghu. JIII men Mazl! sItuationPenghu,Penghu, JmmenJmmen andandand MazoMazo [islands],[islands],[islands], mmm aaa situationsituation thatthatthat couldcouldcould bebebe saidsaidsaid tototo

sIxth mnlllg seiZingbebebe likelikelike thethethe sixthsixth innmg.innmg.innmg. WeWeWe trusttrusttrust thatthatthat thethethe ninthninthninth mnmgmnmg ofofof ourourour seizmgseizmg ofofof capture capitaL toopnsoners.pnsoners.pnsoners. l'apturel'apture ofofof thethethe capnaLcapnaL andandand retakmgretakmgretakmg ofofof lostlostlost territoryterritoryterritory ISISIS notnotnot 1\)01\)0

farfarfar away[away[away[ ]]] WeWeWe wIllv/l1Iv/l1I bebebe vlctonousvlctonousvlctonous bc-cHusebc-causebc-cause ourourour benevolencebenevolencebenevolenc'e ISISIS

unnvalled[unnvalled[unnvalled[ Chlllese,]]] AllAllAll thethethe peoplepeoplepeople ofofof thethethe nation,nation,nation, OverseasOverseasOverseas Chmese,Chmese, andandand allallall awaIt VIctory.membersmembersmembers ofofof thethethe armedarmedarmed forcesforcesforces aWl11taWl11t thethethe commgcommgcommg victory.victory.

G.G.G. PengPengPeng 1971:1971:1971: 121212

TaIwan's mtellectualMembersMembersMembers ofofof Taiwan'sTaiwan's mtellecwalmtellecwal classclassclass \vere\vere\vere notnotnot leftleftleft outoutout ofofof thethethe nationalnationalnational (and(and(and raCial) self-congratulatIoneveneveneven raCIal)raCIal) self-congratulationself-congratulation thatthatthat thesethesethese boys'boys'boys' baseballbaseballbaseball skillsskillsskills helpedhelpedhelped themthemthem tototo

197.l197.l Tamanunderstand.understand.understand. OneOneOne authorauthorauthor wrotewrotewrote mmm ThfThfThf lllffllfCfualfllffllfCfualfllffllfCfual thatthatthat thethethe 1973 TelmanTelman GIants' theIr had higherhigherhigherGiants'Giants' sweepsweepsweep ofofof theirtheir opponentsopponentsopponents provedprovedproved thatthatthat ChmeseChmeseChmese peoplepeoplepeople heldheld moralmoralmoral standardsstandardsstandards andandand enjoyedenjoyedenjoyed betterbetterbetter InherentInherentInherent physicalphysicalphysical devell)pmentdevell)pmentdevell)pment andandand leadership m thISthISthIS "smashmg"smashmg"smashmg lol]lol] whitewhitewhiteleadershIpleadershIp skillsskillsskills thanthanthan diddiddid Westerners.Westerners.Westerners. RevelmgRevelmgRevelmg IIIIII [of] feelmgsfeelmgsfeelmgs ofofof superiority,"superiority,"superiority," hehehe contmuedcontmuedcontmued wildly:wildly:wildly: "We"We"We areareare thethethe mostmostmost outstandingoutstandingoutstanding nationnationnation andandand raceracerace (minzu(minzu(minzu ~Jj~)~Jj~)~Jj~) ininin thethethe entireentireentire world[world[world[.........]]] ChmeseChmeseChmese leadershipleadershipleadership ofofof

begms gloriousthethethe worldworldworld beginsbeginsbegins withwithwith LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague Baseball![Baseball![Baseball![...... ]]] NowNowNow beglllsbegllls thethethe gloriollsgloriolls history worldmomentmomentmoment ofofof ourourour ChmeseChmeseChmese peoplepeoplepeople rewntmgrewntmgrewntmg thethethe hIstoryhIstory ofofof thethethe worklworkl lll """ (Chen(Chen(Chen

1973.1973.1973. 24-26).24-26).24-26). Central MonthlyAnAnAn authorauthorauthor ininin thethethe government'sgovernment'sgovernment's Cel7lralCel7lral MonlhlyMonlhly beganbeganbegan hIShIShIS commentarycommentarycommentary

withwithwith ananan awfulawfulawful poempoempoem thatthatthat resolved:resolved:resolved:

III warmlywarmlywarmly lovelovelove mymymy country,country,country, deCISIOnsIII promisepromisepromise tototo abideabideabide bybyby thethethe umpire'sumpire'sumpire's deCISIonsdeCISIons

Listening,Listening,Listening, listening,listening,listening, thisthisthis isisis thethethe grandgrandgrand vowvowvow andandand thethethe heartheartheart ofofof thethethe newnewnew generation.generation.generation.

ThisThisThis fantasyfantasyfantasy ofofof thethethe benevolentbenevolentbenevolent authoritarianauthoritarianauthoritarian regimeregimeregime waswaswas followedfollowedfollowed bybyby maudlinmaudlinmaudlin andandand pridefulpridefulprideful chest-beatingchest-beatingchest-beating thatthatthat ofofof coursecoursecourse alsoalsoalso betrayedbetrayedbetrayed decadesdecadesdecades ofofof self-pityself-pityself-pity

anxiety Rcpubltcandandand anxIetyanxIety aboutaboutabout thethethe fatefatefate ofofof thethethe ChineseChineseChinese raceracerace andandand Republ1cRepubl1c

ChmeseTheTheThe Chll1eseChll1ese nation-racenation-racenation-race ISISIS aaa supenorsupenorsupenor nation-race!nation-race!nation-race! first-rate power lTheTheThe ROCROCROC mustmustmust becomebecomebecome aaa flrst-rateflrst-rate power'power' .........

TheTheThe descendantsdescendantsdescendants ofofof thethethe YellowYellowYellow EmperorEmperorEmperor alwaysalwaysalways asasas oneoneone heartheartheart lll

Chmese Chmese reVived!TheTheThe Chll1eseChll1ese RepublIcRepublIcRepublIc andandand thethethe Chll1eseChll1ese raceracerace mustmustmust bebebe reVIved!reVIved! wiJl giantsFinallyFinallyFinally wewewe willwill bebebe gIantsgIants ofofof thethethe worldworldworld lll

W.W.W. JiJiJi 1973.40-421973.40-421973.40-42

diSCUSSIons, questionsTheseTheseThese diSCUSSIOns,diSCUSSIOns, ororor asasas theytheythey oftenoftenoften were,were,were, chants,chants,chants, begbegbeg twotwotwo differentdifferentdifferent questIonsquestIons sklJls Imagmedaboutaboutabout thesethesethese boys'boys'boys' baseballbaseballbaseball skIllsskIlls andandand thethethe centralcentralcentral rolerolerole ImaglfledImaglfled forforfor themthemthem ininin

reVived itthesethesethese IrredentistIrredentistIrredentist dreamsdreamsdreams ofofof aaa reVIvedreVIved ROCROCROC empIre.empIre.empIre. OnOnOn thethethe latter,latter,latter, ItIt isisis Import­Import­Import­antantant atatat leastleastleast tototo understandunderstandunderstand howhowhow loyalloyalloyal NatIonalistsNatIonalistsNatIonalists ininin TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan maymaymay havehavehave seenseenseen asasas

mamland," considenngrealisticrealisticrealistic thethethe goalgoalgoal ofofof "retakmg"retakmg"retakmg thethethe malllland,"malllland," considermgconsidermg thethethe oftenoftenoften brutal,brutal,brutal, failedfailedfailed andandand disastrousdisastrousdisastrous recordrecordrecord ofofof thethethe PRCPRCPRC statestatestate overoverover twotwotwo decadesdecadesdecades ofofof MaOism.MaOism.MaOism.

282828 AndrewAndrewAndrew MorrisMorrisMorris

AllAllAll thethethe directeddirecteddirected towardtowardtoward thethethe mainlandmainlandmainland justjustjust milesmilesmiles awayawayaway seemedseemedseemed validvalidvalid stepsstepssteps towardtowardtoward ultimateultimateultimate victory:victory:victory: ififif onlyonlyonly theytheythey couldcouldcould alertalertalert enoughenoughenough "compatriots""compatriots""compatriots" aboutaboutabout thethethe tremendoustremendoustremendous victoriesvictoriesvictories wonwonwon bybyby thethethe boysboysboys ofofof thethethe ROCROCROC ononon Taiwan.Taiwan.Taiwan.

ForForFor thatthatthat matter,matter,matter, then, thethethe TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese boysboysboys dominatingdominatingdominating worldworldworld baseballbaseballbaseball fitfitfit perfectlyperfectlyperfectly withinwithinwithin thesethesethese dreamsdreamsdreams ofofof empire-butempire-butempire-but notnotnot simplysimplysimply forforfor thethethe instrumentalinstrumentalinstrumental reasonreasonreason thatthatthat thethethe boysboysboys couldcouldcould bebebe imaginedimaginedimagined tototo bebebe futurefuturefuture leadersleadersleaders ofofof thethethe ROC.ROC.ROC. ThereThereThere isisis alsoalsoalso thethethe factfactfact thatthatthat boysboysboys ininin particularparticularparticular havehavehave beenbeenbeen goodgoodgood forforfor thinkingthinkingthinking

\vayaboutaboutabout nation-states,nation-states,nation-states, ininin thethethe samesamesame wayway thatthatthat DarntonDarntonDarnton makesmakesmakes thethethe casecasecase thatthatthat catscatscats par1icular cowshappenedhappenedhappened tototo havehavehave aaa particularparticular "ritual"ritual"ritual value"value"value" (as(as(as opposedopposedopposed tototo Co\VSCo\VS ororor sheep,sheep,sheep,

perhaps)perhaps)perhaps) thatthatthat mademademade themthemthem "good"good"good forforfor stagingstagingstaging ceremonies"ceremonies"ceremonies" ininin earlyearlyearly modernmodernmodern Europe.Europe.Europe. LikeLikeLike catscatscats do,do,do, boysboysboys occupyoccupyoccupy ananan ;'ambiguous"ambiguous"ambiguous ontologicalontologicalontological position,position,position, aaa straddlingstraddlingstraddling ofofof conceptualconceptualconceptual categories"categories"categories" (Darnton(Darnton(Darnton 1984:1984:1984: 89).89).89). BoysBoysBoys areareare bothbothboth thethethe fruitfruitfruit ofofof citizens'citizens'citizens' reproductionreproductionreproduction andandand almostalmostalmost malemalemale citizenscitizenscitizens themselves,themselves,themselves, andandand there­there­there­foreforefore presentpresentpresent aaa fertilefertilefertile sitesitesite forforfor thethethe imaginingimaginingimagining ofofof workworkwork andandand conquest.conquest.conquest. JonathanJonathanJonathan RutherfordRutherfordRutherford hashashas reflectedreflectedreflected ononon thethethe BritishBritishBritish EmpireEmpireEmpire asasas oneoneone ofofof "mother's"mother's"mother's boys,"boys,"boys," aaa

;'boyishness"culturecultureculture thatthatthat waswaswas taughttaughttaught tototo fetishizefetishizefetishize thethethe "boyishness""boyishness" thatthatthat bridgesbridgesbridges conservativeconservativeconservative domesticitydomesticitydomesticity andandand imperialimperialimperial fantasyfantasyfantasy (Rutherford(Rutherford(Rutherford 1997:1997:1997: 19,19,19, 26);26);26); thisthisthis isisis aaa usefulusefuluseful tooltooltool ininin understandingunderstandingunderstanding thesethesethese TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese boys'boys'boys' positionpositionposition ininin dreamsdreamsdreams ofofof thethethe ROCROCROC empire.empire.empire. PaulPaulPaul Hoch'sHoch'sHoch's explanationexplanationexplanation ofaofaofa puritanpuritanpuritan "production"production"production ethicethicethic masculinity,"masculinity,"masculinity," oneoneone ofofof dutydutyduty andandand disciplineddisciplineddisciplined toiltoiltoil (Hoch(Hoch(Hoch 1979:1979:1979: 134,134,134, 137),137),137), alsoalsoalso helpshelpshelps us­us­us­especiallyespeciallyespecially consideringconsideringconsidering Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's cultcultcult ofofof industryindustryindustry atatat thisthisthis moment-tomoment-tomoment-to fi1lfi1lfi1l outoutout aaa picturepicturepicture ofofof thethethe pressures,pressures,pressures, desires,desires,desires, andandand fantasiesfantasiesfantasies thatthatthat centeredcenteredcentered uponuponupon thesethesethese base­base­base­ballballball playersplayersplayers ofofof Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's 1970s1970s1970s andandand 1980s.1980s.1980s. AsAsAs anotheranotheranother authorauthorauthor ininin CentralCentralCentral MonthlyMonthlyMonthly concluJedconcluJedconcluded fromfromfrom thethethe perspectiveperspectiveperspective ofofof thethethe longuelonguelongue duree,duree,duree, thethethe TainanTainanTainan Giants'Giants'Giants' baseballbaseballbaseball skills,skills,skills, strongstrongstrong bodiesbodiesbodies andandand "refined"refined"refined dignity"dignity"dignity" werewerewere merelymerelymerely thethethe "newest"newest"newest fragrant"fragrant"fragrant" productproductproduct ofofof thousandsthousandsthousands ofofof yearsyearsyears ofofof ChineseChineseChinese culture.culture.culture. InInIn thisthisthis

Baseball Movement,Movement,Movement, TheTheThe NationalNationalNational Movement,"Movement,"Movement," thethethe writerwriterwriterpiecepiecepiece titledtitledtitled "The"The"The BasebaBaseba IIII alsoalsoalso tooktooktook thethethe opportunityopportunityopportunity ofofof thesethesethese victoriesvictoriesvictories tototo engageengageengage ininin thatthatthat mostmostmost lastinglastinglasting andandand longinglonginglonging ChineseChineseChinese dreamdreamdream ofofof thethethe twentiethtwentiethtwentieth century-unity,century-unity,century-unity, finally,finally,finally, andandand aaa societysocietysociety thatthatthat "would"would"would notnotnot bebebe divideddivideddivided bybyby ageageage ororor hometown"hometown"hometown" (Yang(Yang(Yang 1973:1973:1973: 43).43).43).

ToToTo mostmostmost ofofof thethethe peoplepeoplepeople ofofof Taiwan,Taiwan,Taiwan, thethethe attractionattractionattraction ofofof thisthisthis LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague championshipchampionshipchampionship runrunrun hadhadhad littlelittlelittle tototo dododo withwithwith thesethesethese ideologicalideologicalideological performances.performances.performances. TheTheThe glorygloryglory wonwonwon bybyby Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's Little,Little,Little, Senior,Senior,Senior, andandand BigBigBig LeaguersLeaguersLeaguers duringduringduring thethethe 1970s1970s1970s camecamecame

tirneatatat thethethe exactexactexact samesamesame timetime asasas twotwotwo otherotherother significantsignificantsignificant developments-thedevelopments-thedevelopments-the floweringfloweringflowering ofofof Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's "economic"economic"economic miracle"miracle"miracle" andandand thethethe island'sisland'sisland's increasingincreasingincreasing isolationisolationisolation ononon thethethe internationalinternationalinternational stage.stage.stage. TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan waswaswas becomingbecomingbecoming ananan economiceconomiceconomic powerhousepowerhousepowerhouse ininin itsitsits ownownown right,right,right, aaa proudproudproud LittleLittleLittle DragonDragonDragon thatthatthat hadhadhad mademademade thethethe mostmostmost ofofof thethethe billionsbillionsbillions ofofof JollarsJollars ofofof AmericanAmericanAmerican aidaidaid sentsentsent itsitsits way,way,way, andandand thesethesethese triumphstriumphstriumphs helpedhelpedhelped feedfeedfeed thisthisthis hubris.hubris.hubris. However,However,However, thethethe NationalistNationalistNationalist regimeregimeregime waswaswas alsoalsoalso quicklyquicklyquickly learninglearninglearning thatthatthat fewerfewerfewer andandand fewerfewerfewer peoplepeoplepeople aroundaroundaround thethethe worldworldworld viewedviewedviewed theirtheirtheir rulerulerule ofofof TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan asasas legitimate,legitimate,legitimate, letletlet alonealonealone moralmoralmoral ororor humane.humane.humane. TheTheThe greatestgreatestgreatest humiliationhumiliationhumiliation camecamecame ininin 1971,1971,1971, whenwhenwhen thethethe governmentgovernmentgovernment forfeitedforfeitedforfeited itsitsits seatseatseat ininin thethethe UnitedUnitedUnited Nations,Nations,Nations, sendingsendingsending TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan intointointo fourfourfour decadesdecadesdecades ofofof near-totalnear-totalnear-total diplomaticdiplomaticdiplomatic isolationisolationisolation fromfromfrom whichwhichwhich ititit hashashas littlelittlelittle hopehopehope tototo emergeemergeemerge eveneveneven today.today.today.

TheTheThe stingstingsting andandand disgracedisgracedisgrace ofofof leavingleavingleaving thethethe UNUNUN waswaswas lessenedlessenedlessened somewhatsomewhatsomewhat bybyby thethethe

dollars

197051970519705 198051980519805 'Chinese"'Chinese"'Chinese" LatleLatleLatle irsirs un,f''''''''''''un,f''''''''''''

factfactfact that.that.that. atatat thethethe veryveryvery least.least.least. Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's teensteensteens andandand pre-teenspre-teenspre-teens thethethe mostmostmost disciplined vv'oddskilledskilledskilled andandand dIscIplineddIscIplined baseballbaseballbaseball thethethe vV'oddvV'odd hadhadhad evereverever seenseenseen And,And,And, ofofof course.course.course. thesethesethese

youthyouthyouth \vere\vere\vere winnmgwinnmgwinnmg mternationalmternationalmternational glonesglonesglones thatthatthat Talv/anTalv/anTalv/an couldcouldcould notnotnot hopehopehope tototo matchmatchmatch mmm anyanyany otherotherother culturalculturalcultural fieldfieldfield peopleWhatWhatWhat otherotherother groupsgroupsgroups ofofof Taiv/aneseTaiv/aneseTaiv/anese peopkpeopk endedendedended upupup withwithwith annualannualannual invitatIOnsinvitatIOnsinvitatIOns tototo thethethe WhiteWhiteWhite HouseHouseHouse tototo meetmeetmeet \vnh\vnh\vnh RichardRichardRichard Nixon, SpIroSpIroSpIro Agnew,Agnew,Agnew, ororor GeraldGeraldGerald Ford?NIxon,NIxon, Ford'?Ford'? TheTheThe NationalistNationalistNationalist government'sgovernment'sgovernment's reluctancereluctancereluctance tototo embraceembraceembrace baseball.baseball.baseball. then,then,then, cancancan onlyonlyonly bebebe explainedexplainedexplained bybyby thethethe game'sgame'sgame's complIcatedcomplIcatedcomplIcated hIstoryhIstoryhIstory andandand thethethe utterutterutter ImpossibilityImpossibilityImpossibility ofofof essentializingessentializingessentializing It!t!t asasas ananan arti­arti­arti­

traditIonfactfactfact ofofof '"Chmese"'"Chmese"'"Chmese" traditiontradition ororor endeavor.endeavor.endeavor. (Perhaps(Perhaps(Perhaps thethethe onlyonlyonly exceptionexceptionexception tototo thisthisthis TaIpei StadIUm,waswaswas thethethe TaIpeITaIpeI MunicipalMunicipalMunicipal BaseballBaseballBaseball StadIum,StadIum, whichwhichwhich ininin 197119711971 "was"was"was rebuiltrebuiltrebuilt forforfor

[the[the[the FarFarFar EasternEasternEastern LLBLLBLLB playoffs]playoffs]playoffs] andandand becamebecamebecame thethethe onlyonlyonly ballballball parkparkpark mmm thethethe \vorld\vorld\vorld withwithwith aaa handsomehandsomehandsome Chll1eseChll1eseChll1ese palace-stylepalace-stylepalace-style exterior"exterior"exterior" [Chang[Chang[Chang 1971:1971:1971: 27].)27].)27].)

jubIlation,Nevertheless,Nevertheless,Nevertheless, Il1Il1Il1 theIrtheIrtheIr annualannualannual predawnpredawnpredawn LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague jubIlatIon,jubIlatIon, thethethe flagsflagsflags thethethe peoplepeoplepeople ofofof TaIwanTaIwanTaIwan wavedwavedwaved werewerewere ROCROCROC ones,ones,ones, thethethe nationnationnation theytheythey \vlshed\vlshed\vlshed 10,00010,00010,000 yearsyearsyears tototo waswaswas thethethe ROC.ROC.ROC. andandand sososo on.on.on. Clearly,Clearly,Clearly, ll1.lustll1.lustll1.lust aaa mattermattermatter ofofof years,years,years, andandand trulytrulytruly despitedespitedespite itself,itself,itself, thisthisthis mamlander-dominatedmamlander-dominatedmamlander-dominated regimeregimeregime hadhadhad managedmanagedmanaged tototo achieveachieveachieve aaa totaltotaltotal

WithIdentificationIdentificationIdentification WIthWIth thethethe JapaneseJapaneseJapanese legacylegacylegacy ofofof baseball.baseball.baseball. HowHowHow cancancan wewewe accountaccountaccount forforfor thISthIS seemingseemingseeming paradox?paradox?paradox?

AnthropologistAnthropologistAnthropologist MichaelMichaelMichael Herzfeld,Herzfeld,Herzfeld, ininin hishishis ImportantImportantImportant bookbookbook Culturallnrim­Culturallnrim­Culturallnrim­aey,aey,aey, predictspredictspredicts thethethe resultresultresult ofofof thisthisthis experiment;experiment;experiment; however:however:however: "the"the"the statestatestate sososo fullyfullyfully adoptsadoptsadopts thethethe culturalculturalcultural signssignssigns [[[.........]]] ininin orderorderorder tototo permeatepermeatepermeate thethethe oppressedoppressedoppressed citizens'citizens'citizens' everyeveryevery sentientsentientsentient momentmomentmoment thatthatthat ititit exposesexposesexposes itselfitselfitself tototo greatergreatergreater day-to-dayday-to-dayday-to-day manipula­manipula­manipula­tiontiontion bybyby thesethesethese samesamesame citizens,citizens,citizens, whowhowho areareare familiarfamiliarfamiliar withwithwith thethethe capacitycapacitycapacity ofofof thosethosethose

thiS

Taiwanesesignssignssigns tototo bearbearbear subversivesubversivesubversive interpretations"interpretations"interpretations" (Herzfeld(Herzfeld(Herzfeld 2004:2004:2004: 25-26).25-26).25-26). TaIwaneseTaIwanese poetpoetpoet LinLinLin HuazhouHuazhouHuazhou (~*:t4¥;JfI1),(~*:t4¥;JfI1),(~*:t4¥;JfI1), aaa formerformerformer politicalpoliticalpolitical pnsoner,pnsoner,pnsoner, tooktooktook bitingbitingbiting meas­meas­meas­ureureure ofofof thisthisthis ideologicalideologicalideological overreachoverreachoverreach withwithwith hishishis sarcasticsarcasticsarcastic poempoempoem ,.,.,. LIttleLIttleLIttle LeagueLeagueLeague Basebal1:"Basebal1:"Basebal1:"

Baseball!�LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague Baseball!Baseball!Baseball! LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague Baseball!Baseball! nation.�SavingSavingSaving starsstarsstars ofofof thethethe race,race,race, thethethe newnewnew hopehopehope ofofof thethethe nation.nation.

Baseball'�LIttleLIttleLIttle LeagueLeagueLeague Baseball!Baseball!Baseball! LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague Baseball'Baseball' 1I1 Righteousness.�TheTheThe modemmodemmodem ChmgglsChmgglsChmggls Khan,Khan,Khan, thethethe youngyoungyoung BoxersBoxersBoxers UnItedUnItedUnIted mm Righteousness.Righteousness.

natIonal countlI1g away.�HowHowHow muchmuchmuch nationalnational shameshameshame wewewe areareare countmgcountmg ononon youyouyou tototo washwashwash away.away. reverse.�HowHowHow manymanymany natIOnalnatIOnalnatIOnal disastersdisastersdisasters wewewe areareare countingcountingcounting ononon youyouyou tototo reverse.reverse.

Balrner 255255255T.T.T. JlaoJlaoJlao 199819981998 41.41.41. YuYuYu andandand BairnerBairner 200820082008

Joke,Unfortunately,Unfortunately,Unfortunately, oneoneone assumesassumesassumes thatthatthat notnotnot everyeveryevery readerreaderreader gotgotgot thethethe Joke.Joke. ButButBut thethethe sourcesourcesource ofofof materialmaterialmaterial waswaswas nch,nch,nch, whenwhenwhen TaIwaneseTaIwaneseTaIwanese youthyouthyouth tooktooktook thethethe fieldfieldfield atatat WillIamsportWillIamsportWillIamsport almostalmostalmost everyeveryevery year,year,year, thesethesethese "subverSIve"subverSIve"subverSIve mterpretatlons"mterpretatlons"mterpretatlons" becamebecamebecame thethethe subjectsubjectsubject ofofof aaa wholewholewhole newnewnew contestcontestcontest

pro-mdependence actIVistsTheTheThe actIvitiesactIvitiesactIvities bybyby anti-NationalIstanti-NationalIstanti-NationalIst andandand pro-lI1dependencepro-lI1dependence actIVIstsactIVIsts above,above,above, whowhowho seizedseizedseized preclselypreclselypreclsely andandand aggreSSIvelyaggreSSIvelyaggreSSIvely ononon thesethesethese veryveryvery contradictionscontradictionscontradictions betweenbetweenbetween aaa "Chinese""Chinese""Chinese" statestatestate andandand aaa gamegamegame learnedlearnedlearned fromfromfrom thethethe JapaneseJapaneseJapanese andandand playedplayedplayed almostalmostalmost exclUSIvelyexclUSIvelyexclUSIvely bybyby Tal\vanese,Tal\vanese,Tal\vanese, becamebecamebecame eveneveneven moremoremore audaCIOUSaudaCIOUSaudaCIOUS andandand antagonistiCantagonistiCantagonistiC asasas thethethe decadedecadedecade progressed.progressed.progressed. InInIn 1971,1971,1971, thethethe TamanTamanTaman GlantsGlantsGlants sweptsweptswept tototo aaa worldworldworld

303030 AndrewAndrewAndrew MorrisMorrisMorris

championship, defeatingdefeatingdefeating opponentsopponentsopponents fromfromfrom PuertoPuertoPuerto Rico,Rico,Rico, Hawaii.Hawaii.Hawaii. andandand Gary,Gary,Gary, Indiana by title_ Meanwhile.aaa collectivecollectivecollective scorescorescore ofofof 30--330--330--3 tototo capturecapturecapture thethethe worldworldworld title.title. Meamvhile.Meamvhile. aboveaboveabove fleld ofofof AmericanAmericanAmerican ananan hiredhiredhired bybyby TaiwanTaiwanTaiwanthisthisthis fieldfield nightmares,nightmares,nightmares, airplaneairplaneairplane IndependenceIndependenceIndependence forcesforcesforces flewflewflew overoverover thethethe stadiumstadiumstadium brazenlybrazenlybrazenly towingtowingtowing aaa bilingualbilingualbilingual ban­ban­ban­

thatthatthat read,read,read, '<Taiwan'<Taiwan'<Taiwan du/idu/idu/i H'a/7sui (f:J~~-.lLJ] '§)nernerner H'ansuiH'ansui (f5fEJ;Jg!lI.J5(f5fEJ;Jg!lI.J5 't7)'t7) [Long[Long[Long LiveLiveLive TaivvanTaivvanTaivvan Independence},Independence},Independence}, GoGoGo GoGoGo Taiwan"Taiwan"Taiwan" (WUFl:(WUFl:(WUFl: AAA HistoryHistoryHistory 2000:2000:2000: 58:58:58: TaipingshanTaipingshanTaipingshan 1971:1971:1971: 54-55).54-55).54-55). RaisingRaisingRaising thethethe stakesstakesstakes eveneveneven further,further,further, thethethe ChineseChineseChinese ononon thethethe bannerbannerbanner waswaswas writtenwrittenwritten ininin PRC-stylePRC-stylePRC-style simplifiedsimplifiedsimplified characterscharacterscharacters thatthatthat werewerewere illegalillegalillegal tototo useuseuse ininin Tai\van!Tai\van!

Pro-TaiwanesePro-TaiwanesePro-Taiwanese supporterssupporterssupporters clearlyclearlyclearly hadhadhad arrivedarrivedarrived ininin WilliamsportWilliamsportWilliamsport readyreadyready tototo taketaketake fullfullfull ideologicalideologicalideological advantageadvantageadvantage ofofof theirtheirtheir island'sisland'sisland's baseballbaseballbaseball superiority.superiority.superiority. TheTheThe

Taiwan!

successful, 11ghtingprovocationprovocationprovocation waswaswas successful.successful. andandand thethethe f1ghtingf1ghting thatthatthat eruptederuptederupted betweenbetweenbetween thethethe twotwotwo sidessidessides waswaswas sososo viciousviciousvicious thatthatthat statestatestate policepolicepolice hadhadhad tototo bringbringbring ininin reinforcementsreinforcementsreinforcements bybyby heli­heli­heli­coptercoptercopter ininin orderorderorder tototo gaingaingain controlcontrolcontrol ofofof thethethe facilities-untilfacilities-until thethethe followingfollowingfollowing year,year,year, whenwhenwhenfacilities--until

olTthethethe twotwotwo sidessidessides wouldwouldwould facefaceface ofTofT again,again,again, celebratingcelebratingcelebrating anotheranotheranother Taiwan/ROCTaiwan/ROCTaiwan/ROC LittleLittleLittle left-lleldLeagueLeagueLeague triumphtriumphtriumph bybyby fightingfightingfighting withwithwith baseballbaseballbaseball batsbatsbats outsideoutsideoutside thethethe left-fieldleft-field fencefencefence (Van(Van(Van

AukenAukenAuken anJanJ VanVanVan AukenAukenAuken 2001:2001:2001: 164).164).164). TheTheThe TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan teams'teams'teams' gamesgamesgames attractedattractedattracted fansfansfans fromfromfrom allallall pointspointspoints ofofof thethethe politicalpoliticalpolitical

and

Independencespectrum,spectrum,spectrum, sososo thatthatthat eacheacheach TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese IndepenJenceIndepenJence flagflagflag ororor bannerbannerbanner (for(for(for example,example,example, "Taiwanese"Taiwanese"Taiwanese Brothers,Brothers,Brothers, WeWeWe LoveLoveLove You,"You,"You," "Overthrow"Overthrow"Overthrow thethethe Chiangs,Chiangs,Chiangs, BuildBuildBuild Tai­Tai­Tai­wan,"wan,"wan," "End"End"End MartialMartialMartial LawLawLaw ininin Taiwan,"Taiwan,"Taiwan," "No"No"No SecretSecretSecret Police,"Police,"Police," andandand "Chiang"Chiang"Chiang GetGetGet Out,Out,Out, MaoMaoMao StayStayStay Out"Out"Out" [Jin[Jin[Jin 1974:1974:1974: 6])6])6]) waswaswas matchedmatchedmatched bybyby aaa pro-Nationalisticpro-Nationalisticpro-Nationalistic main­main­main­

China." TheTheThe pro­pro­pro­landerlanderlander fanfanfan wavingwavingwaving aaa nationalnationalnational flagflagflag andandand chanting,chanting,chanting, "Go"Go"Go GoGoGo China,"China," statestatestate forcesforcesforces hadhadhad ananan aJvantage,aJvantage, however,however,however, ininin thethethe dozensdozensdozens ofofof paidpaidpaid spiesspies22 andandand NewNewNew YorkYorkYork ChinatownChinatownChinatown thugsthugsthugs hiredhiredhired bybyby thethethe KMTKMTKMT tototo intimidateintimidateintimidate thethethe "Taiwan""Taiwan""Taiwan" (instead(instead(instead ofofof "ROC")"ROC")"ROC") fansfansfans ininin thethethe stands.stands.stands. InInIn 1971,1971,1971, thethethe championshipchampionshipchampionship gamegamegame waswaswas interruptedinterruptedinterrupted whenwhenwhen aaa dozendozendozen ofofof thesethesethese toughstoughstoughs ranranran acrossacrossacross thethethe heldheldheld tototo ripriprip downdowndown aaa

advantage, spies"

bannerbannerbanner readingreadingreading ininin EnglishEnglishEnglish andandand Chinese.Chinese. "Team"Team"Team ofofof Taiwan,Taiwan,Taiwan, JiayouJiayouJiayou TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan duiduidui OJIIOJIIOJII ~11!~11!~11! fiii'ii' [Go[Go[Go TeamTeamTeam ofofof Taiwanj"Taiwanj" (WU(WU(WU FI:FI:FI: AAA HistoryHistoryHistoryTaiwan]" 2000:2000:2000: 58;58;58; Taiping­Taiping­Taiping­shanshanshan 1971:1971:1971: 54;54;54; VanVanVan AukenAukenAuken andandand VanVanVan AukenAukenAuken 2001:2001:2001: 167).3167).3167).3

InInIn 1972,1972,1972, whenwhenwhen thethethe TaipeiTaipeiTaipei BravesBravesBraves challengedchallengedchallenged forforfor thethethe worldworldworld titletitletitle ininin Pennsyl­Pennsyl­Pennsyl­vania,vania,vania, thethethe KKKMTMTMT waswaswas betterbetterbetter prepared,prepared,prepared, rentingrentingrenting everyeveryevery singlesinglesingle commercialcommercialcommercial aircraftaircraftaircraft tortortor milesmilesmiles aroundaroundaround tototo keepkeepkeep thethethe TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese IndependenceIndependenceIndependence crowdcrowdcrowd fromfromfrom repeatingrepeatingrepeating

Chinese,

theirtheirtheir airborneairborneairborne coupcoupcoup ofofof thethethe yearyearyear beforebeforebefore (WUFl:(WUFl: AAA HistoryHistoryHistory 2000:2000:2000: 58).58).58). SomeSomeSome(WUFI: 70-80 lliilitary70--8070--80 ROCROCROC militarymilitary cadetscadetscadets trainingtrainingtraining ininin thethethe USUSUS werewerewere alsoalsoalso recruitedrecruitedrecruited tototo WilliamsportWilliamsportWilliamsport to,to,to, asasas theytheythey shoutedshoutedshouted whilewhilewhile beatingbeatingbeating TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese malemalemale andandand femalefemalefemale

Hal7jiaI71&:7Ei~Yf)!"supporterssupporterssupporters withwithwith woodenwoodenwooden clubs,clubs,clubs, "Kill"Kill"Kill thethethe traitorstraitorstraitors (Shasi(Shasi(Shasi Hal7jiaI71&:7Ei~Yf)!"

ThisThisThis warwarwar waswaswas onlyonlyonly quelledquelledquelled bybyby thethethe interventioninterventionintervention ofofof policepolicepolice helicopters,helicopters,helicopters, butbutbut notnotnot Hanjian 1&:7EiltLf)!"

be/orebeforebefore makingmakingmaking aaa distinctdistinctdistinct impressionimpressionimpression ononon fansfansfans aroundaroundaround thethethe worldworldworld justjustjust howhowhow hotlyhotlyhotly andandand violentlyviolentlyviolently disputeddisputeddisputed Taiwanese/ChineseTaiwanese/ChineseTaiwanese/Chinese identityidentityidentity waswaswas atatat thethethe time.time.time. (The(The(The authorauthorauthor ofofof oneoneone accountaccountaccount ininin VivaVivaViva FormosaFormosaFormosa urgedurgedurged TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese fansfansfans tototo considerconsiderconsider bringingbringingbringing gunsgunsguns tototo WilliamsportWilliamsportWilliamsport thethethe nextnextnext yearyearyear [A[A[A TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese 1972:1972:1972: 45-46;45-46;45-46; VanVanVan AukenAuken andandand VanVanVan AukenAukenAuken 200200200 I:I:I: 164].)164].)164].) TheTheThe joyjoyjoy andandand determinationdeterminationdetermination thatthatthat TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese fansfansfans seemedseemedseemed tototo exhibitexhibitexhibit ininin challengingchallengingchallenging NationalistNationalistNationalist hegemonyhegemonyhegemony ininin TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan remindsremindsreminds ususus thatthatthat moremoremore waswaswas atatat stakestakestake hereherehere thanthanthan ChiangChiangChiang Kai-shek'sKai-shek'sKai-shek's dateddateddated

Au ken

.. Free"Free"Free China"China"China" ideology;ideology;ideology; thesethesethese fansfansfans werewerewere continuingcontinuingcontinuing aaa contestcontestcontest overoverover thethethe deepdeepdeep

197()s197()s /980s/980s/980s "ClImesc""ClImesc""ClImesc" Ba.~-eholl 33 II1970s LinleLinleLinle BasehallBa.~-eholl andamiami IfsIfsIfs discontf'nfSdiscontf'nfSdiscontenTs 31

slgndlcanceslgndlcanceslgndlcance ofofof Tal\vaneseTal\vaneseTal\vanese baseballbaseballbaseball thatthatthat hadhadhad begunbegunbegun halfhalfhalf aaa centurycenturycentury earlierearlierearlier underunderunder JapaneseJapaneseJapanese colomalcolomalcolomal rule.rule.rule.

dilTerence bet\V'een battks Europe,ll1OneOneOne mterestmgmterestmgmterestmg ditTerenceditTerence bet\veenbet\veen thesethesethese yearlyyearlyyearly banksbanks andandand EuropeM1EuropeM1 foot­foot­foot­hooliganism, mballballball hooliganIsm,hooliganIsm, thethethe bestbestbest studiedstudiedstudied heldheldheld InIn thethethe largerlargerlarger genregenregenre ofofof sportingsportingsporting cmwdcmwdcmwd

withm wlllchVIolence,VIolence,VIolence, appearsappearsappears withlI1withlI1 "the"the"the playplayplay throughthroughthrough whichwhich peoplepeoplepeople trytrytry tototo turnturnturn transienttransienttransient into 26), fo()tballadvantageadvantageadvantage intOintO aaa permanentpermanentpermanent condition"condition"condition" (Herzfeld(Herzfeld(Herzfeld 2004:2004:2004: 26).26). EnglishEnglishEnglish fo\)tballfo\)tball

deSCrIbes grandhooligans,hooligans,hooligans, asasas BufordBufordBuford descnbesdescnbes them,them,them, forforfor example,example,example, seemseemseem tototo taketaketake partpartpart ininin gnlndgnlnd actsactsacts ofofof streetstreetstreet andandand stadiumstadiumstadIum VIolenceVIOlenceVIOlence SimplySimplySimply forforf\.)r thethethe sakesakesake ofofof violence,violence,violence, "the"the"the exaltedexaltedexalted expenencesexpenences thatthatthatexperIences bybyby theirtheirtheir lI1tensity,lI1tensity,Intensity, theIr Ill'theirtheirtheir risk.risk.risk. thell'thell' threatthreatthreat ofof self­self­self­ImmolatIonIlmnolationIlmnolation excludeexcludeexclude thethethe possibilitypossibilitypossibility ofofof allallall otherotherother thoughtthoughtthought exceptexceptexcept thethethe experienceexperienceexperience

that brutalflght­Itself"Itself"Itself" (Buford(Buford(Buford 199119911991 193)193)193) ThereThereThere seemsseemsseems tototo bebebe nonono sensesensesense tthathat theirtheirtheir brutalbrutal flght­flght­mg tototo aaa newnewnew socialsocialsocial orderorderorder ororor conditIonconditIonconditIon Indeed.Indeed.Indeed. thesethesethese EnglishEnglishEnglishlI1glI1g wouldwouldwould leadleadlead hoolIgans theIr rival "foreigners"hooliganshooligans needneedneed theirtheir nvalnval clubclubclub supporters,supporters,supporters, theIrtheIrtheIr "foreIgners""foreIgners" andandand "wogs,""wogs,""wogs," agamst tototo fIght agam eveneveneven bestIallybestIally nextnextnext time.time.time. TheTheThe TaIwaneseTaIwaneseTaIwaneseagalI1stagalI1st whomwhomwhom fightfight agalI1agalI1 moremoremore bestlally

WillIamsport uSing thiScasecasecase atatat WilltalnsportWilltalnsport waswaswas muchmuchmuch moremoremore clearlyclearlyclearly aboutaboutabout USlI1gUSlI1g thISthIS uniqueuniqueunique annualannualannual agamst KMTstagestagestage tototo makemakemake theIrtheIrtheIr bestbestbest argumentargumentargument agall1stagall1st thethethe KMTKMT regimeregimeregime andandand hopefullyhopefullyhopefully tototo

"turn"turn"turn tranSIenttranSIenttranSIent advantageadvantageadvantage mtolI1tolI1to aaa T,llwanese-ledpermanentpermanentpermanent conditIon"conditIon"conditIon" ofofof aaa T:lIwanese-ledT:lIwanese-led TaIwan.TaIwan.TaIwan.

variety TaIwan antI-KTheTheThe vanetyvanety ofofof methodsmethodsmethods thatthatthat T::llwanT::llwan IndependenceIndependenceIndependence andandand antl-Kantl-K MTMTMT actIVIstsactIVIstsactIVIsts explamedusedusedused tototo spreadspreadspread thethethe messagemessagemessage aboutaboutabout thethethe ChIangChIangChIang dIctatorshIpdIctatorshIpdIctatorshIp ISISIS againagainagain expl:llnedexpl:llned

recognitlon 111lschlefveryveryvery wellwellwell bybyby Herzfeld'sHerzfeld'sHerzfeld's recognitionrecognition ofofof "creative"creative"creative 111lSChlef111lSChlef [that][that][that] bothbothboth subvertssubvertssubverts 36),andandand sustainssustainssustains thethethe authorityauthorityauthority ofofof thethethe state"state"state" (Herzfeld(Herzfeld(Herzfeld 2004:2004:2004: 36).36). TheTheThe "ignorant"ignorant"ignorant

(lIl{Jfguozei t~~ "hurlllliatedandandand shameless"shameless"shameless" "traitorous"traitorous"traitorous thIeves"thIeves"thIeves" (/I1(uguozei(/I1(uguozei WWl~nJ£)l~nJ£)l~nJ£) whowhowho "humiliated"humiliated thethethe oillcIaI magazmepeoplepeoplepeople ofofof Taiwan"Taiwan"Taiwan" withwithwith thesethesethese stunts,stunts,stunts, oneoneone oillctaloillctal magazll1emagazll1e stated,stated,stated, wouldwouldwould paypaypay

.. ,] risingthethethe pricepriceprice atatat thethethe handshandshands ofofof "patriots"patriots"patriots [[[......]] rIsingrIsing asasas aaa groupgroupgroup tototo denouncedenouncedenounce andandand (T<llpingshan Accl<lImdrivedrivedrive [them][them][them] away"away"away" forforfor theirtheirtheir clevercleverclever subverSIOnsubverSIOnsubverSIOn (Talpingshan(Talpingshan 1971:1971:1971: 54,54,54, AcclaImAcclaIm

3),ForForFor thethethe ROCROCROC 1969:1969:1969: 3).3). seemlllglyTaiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's continuedcontinuedcontinued victoriesvictoriesvictories ininin WilliamsportWilliamsportWilliamsport andandand Gary,Gary,Gary, eacheacheach seemll1g1yseemll1g1y

moremoremore decisivedecisivedecisive thanthanthan thethethe last,last,last, seemedseemedseemed onlyonlyonly tototo invigorateinvigorateinvigorate diSSIdentsdiSSIdentsdiSSIdents andandand CriticsCriticsCritics ofofof thethethe ChiangChiangChiang regimeregimeregime thirstingthirstingthirsting forforfor tangibletangibletangible measuresmeasuresmeasures ofofof uniquelyuniquelyuniquely "TaIwanese""TaIwanese""TaIwanese" accomplIshmentaccoITlpltshmentaccoITlpltshment out, though, Taiwanese oftenItItIt turnsturnsturns out.out. though.though. thatthatthat thesethesethese TalwanescTalwanesc actiVIstsactiVIstsactiVIsts oftcnoftcn alsoalsoalso toto authorJtlcsAmencanAmencan authorJtlcs 1Ilhadhadhad 10 dealdealdeal withwithwith AmerIcan authorItles 111111 WillIamsportWillIamsportWillIamsport werewerewhowhowho were taklllg InstruCtlonstakll1gtakll1g Il1structtonsIl1structtons fromfromfrom theIrtheIrtheIr FreeFreeFree Chll1eseChll1eseChll1ese alltesalltesallIes Il1InIn thethethe KMTKMTKMT InInIn 1969,1969,1969, thethethe TaIwaneseTanvaneseTanvanese beenbeenhadhadhad been appeallllg tototo An1encan hIstoryhIstoryhIstory andandand constl~able,able,able, bybyby Amencanappealll1gappealll1g Amencan constI"constl~

tutIOnal libertIes, secuntytutlonaltutlonal liberties,liberties, tototo shakeshakeshake thethethe "ignorant"ignorant"ignorant securitysecurity oflicers"oflicers"oflicers" sentsentsent tototo taketaketake awayawayaway provocatlve LIttleLittleLittle WinSWinS GloryGloryGlorytheirtheirtheir provocativeprovocative flagsflagsflags (TaIwan(TaIwan(TaIwan LeagueLeagueLeague BaseballBaseballBaseball TeamTeamTeam WInS

Later, American1969:1969:1969: 8).8).8). Later.Later. however,however,however, thethethe AmerIcanAmerIcan youthyouthyouth baseballbaseballbaseball establIshmentestablIshmentestablIshment toedtoedtoed thethethe NatIonalIst Selllor In Gary,Gary,Gary,NattonaltstNattonaltst line.line.line. InInIn 197319731973 atatat thethethe SenIorSenIor LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague ChampIOnshIpsChampIOnshIpsChampIOnshIps 111111

IndIana,IndIana.IndIana. ofllclals werewerewere ableableable tototo havehavehave arrestedarrestedarrested asasasROCROCROC ofhclalsofhclals presentpresentpresent "terronsts""terronsts""terronsts" actiVIsts wearingwearingwearing T-shIrtsT-shIrtsT-shIrts readlllg sequentIally, TaiwanTaiwanTaiwanfourfourfour actiVistsactiVists readIngreadIng sequenllally.sequenllally. "Long"Long"Long LiveLiveLive

Independence"Independence"Independence" (Tmdu(Tmdu lVonsUilVonsUi i51~UJ '!)).'!)).'!)). TwoTwoTwo yearsyearsyears laterlaterlater 111111(T(Udu H'anSUI fsi51~UJJ1~U In Gary,Gary,Gary, TaIwaneseTaIwaneseTaIwanese Independenceactivistsactivistsactivists floatedfloatedfloated aaa balloonballoonballoon withwithwith thISthISthIS samesamesame lI1dependencelI1dependence message,message,message, andandand thanksthanksthanks

tototo thethethe generousgenerousgenerous andandand CUriOUScunouscunous ABCABCABC cameramencameramencameramen ononon thethethe scene,scene,scene, thISthISthIS sky-hIghsky-hIghsky-hIgh l111llIonssubversionsubversionsubversion flashedflashedflashed acrossacrossacross 111111l0ns111111l0ns ofofof Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's teleVISIonteleVISIonteleVISIon screensscreensscreens forforfor thethethe firstfirstfirst

m hIstory. agaIn,tImetImetIme 111111 history.history. But,But,But, agam,agam, thethethe ROCROCROC waswaswas ableableable tototo forceforceforce AAABCBCBC SportsSportsSports tototo stopstopstop

323232 Andrew.MorrL'iAndreAndre ......:: .MorrL'i.MorrL'i

(WUFI:anyanyany Chinese-languageChinese-languageChinese-language messagesmessagesmessages afterafterafter thisthisthis disasterdisasterdisaster (WU(WU FI:FI: AAA HistoryHistory 20(X):20(X):20(X): 59).59).59). TheseTheseThese activistactivistactivist fansfansfans werewerewere ableableable tototo taketaketake advantageadvantageadvantage ofofof thethethe "ROC""ROC""ROC" entriesentriesentries ininin thethethe US,US,US, wherewherewhere thethethe liberty tototo criticizecriticizecriticize thethethe hatedhatedhated KKKMTMTMT waswaswas supposedlysupposedly ininin orderorderorder tototo embarrassembarrassembarrass thethethe regime.regime.regime. ButButBut thisthisthis tensiontensiontension betweenbetweenbetween opposingopposingopposing thethethe statestatestate andandand invokinginvokinginvoking andandand provokingprovokingprovoking ititit atatat everyeveryevery turnturnturn 01erzfeld(Herzfeld(Herzfeld 2004:2004:2004: 2)2)2) becamebecamebecame ananan partinseparableinseparableinseparable panpan ofofof theirtheirtheir yearlyyearlyyearly WilliamsportWilliamsportWilliamsport physicalphysicalphysical andandand psychologicalpsychologicalpsychological experiences,experiences,experiences, perhapsperhapsperhaps eveneveneven makingmakingmaking thethethe KKK MTMTMT eveneveneven moremoremore ofofof aaa hegemonichegemonichegemonic forceforceforce fromfromfrom halfhalfhalf aaa worldworldworld awayawayaway thanthanthan ititit evereverever couldcouldcould havehavehave beenbeenbeen before.before.before.

Finally,Finally,Finally, thethethe worldworldworld ofofof baseballbaseballbaseball alsoalsoalso continuedcontinuedcontinued tototo serveserveserve asasas ananan importantimportantimportant sitesitesite forforfor thethethe expressionexpressionexpression ofofof strengthstrengthstrength andandand pridepridepride amongamongamong Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's AustronesianAustronesianAustronesian AboriginalAboriginalAboriginal tribes.tribes.tribes. ManyManyMany ofofof Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's earlyearlyearly youthyouthyouth championshipchampionshipchampionship teamsteamsteams featuredfeaturedfeatured playersplayersplayers originallyoriginallyoriginally fromfromfrom thethethe AboriginalAboriginalAboriginal areasareasareas ofofof easterneasterneastern Taiwan.Taiwan.Taiwan. TheseTheseThese youngstersyoungstersyoungsters andandand theirtheirtheir adultadultadult followersfollowersfollowers couldcouldcould onlyonlyonly havehavehave takentakentaken ananan ironicironicironic pleasurepleasurepleasure ininin winningwinningwinning suchsuchsuch greatgreatgreat honorshonorshonors for,for,for, andandand beingbeingbeing fetedfetedfeted by,by,by, thethethe oppressiveoppressiveoppressive KKK MTMTMT state,state,state, whichwhichwhich onlyonlyonly continuedcontinuedcontinued tototo ignoreignoreignore andandand impoverishimpoverishimpoverish thesethesethese representa­representa­representa­tivestivestives ofofof aaa pre-Chinesepre-Chinesepre-Chinese TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan past.past.past. InInIn fact.fact.fact. theirtheirtheir baseballbaseballbaseball andandand sportingsportingsporting suc­suc­suc­cesscesscess ininin generalgeneralgeneral becamebecamebecame oneoneone ofofof thethethe mostmostmost importantimportantimportant wayswaysways ininin whichwhichwhich Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's AAA boriginalboriginalboriginal citizenscitizenscitizens representedrepresentedrepresented andandand understoodunderstoodunderstood theirtheirtheir identityidentityidentity andandand positionpositionposition ininin TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan societysocietysociety (Guo(Guo(Guo 1998:1998:1998: 26;26;26; KendzulakKendzulakKendzulak 2000:2000:2000: 18).18).18).

YetYetYet thisthisthis gratifyinggratifyinggratifying annualannualannual attentionattentionattention paidpaidpaid tototo thethethe originaloriginaloriginal inhabitantsinhabitantsinhabitants ofofof TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan andandand theirtheirtheir baseballbaseballbaseball prowessprowessprowess unfortunatelyunfortunatelyunfortunately waswaswas notnotnot enoughenoughenough tototo trulytrulytruly sustainsustainsustain thethethe AboriginalAboriginalAboriginal populations.populations.populations. ItItIt isisis tellingtellingtelling thatthatthat Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's twotwotwo greatestgreatestgreatest exportsexportsexports tototo JapaneseJapaneseJapanese baseball,baseball,baseball, GuoGuoGuo YuanzhiYuanzhiYuanzhi (Kaku(Kaku(Kaku GenjiGenjiGenji !fHV'Jh'!s')!fHV'Jh'!s')!fHV'Jh'!s') andandand GuoGuoGuo

!jf1~.£~V'!J!),*1~g~;1!Ji),TaiyuanTaiyuanTaiyuan (Kaku(Kaku(Kaku TaigenTaigenTaigen *1~g~;1!Ji), werewerewere bothbothboth LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague iconsiconsicons ofofof AboriginalAboriginalAboriginal Guosdescent.descent.descent. BothBothBoth GG uosuos leftleftleft TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan asasas veryveryvery youngyoungyoung men,men,men, settledsettledsettled andandand marriedmarriedmarried ininin

1990sJapan,Japan,Japan, andandand onlyonlyonly returnedreturnedreturned tototo thethethe TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan baseballbaseballbaseball worldworldworld ininin thethethe latelatelate I990sI990s afterafterafter theirtheirtheir careerscareerscareers ininin JapanJapanJapan camecamecame tototo aaa close.close.close.

""Fellowship""Fellowship""Fellowship ofofof thethethe Flawed,"Flawed,"Flawed," PartPartPart I:I:I: MurderersMurderersMurderers

InInIn 1971,1971,1971, afterafterafter collectingcollectingcollecting Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's secondsecondsecond LLBLLBLLB championship,championship,championship, thethethe TainanTainanTainan GiantsGiantsGiants enjoyedenjoyedenjoyed thethethe AmericanAmericanAmerican celebritycelebritycelebrity lifelifelife forforfor thethethe nextnextnext severalseveralseveral days,days,days, posingposingposing forforfor photosphotosphotos withwithwith ViceViceVice PresidentPresidentPresident SpiroSpiroSpiro AgnewAgnewAgnew ininin thethethe WhiteWhiteWhite HouseHouseHouse andandand baseballbaseballbaseball legendlegendlegend TedTedTed WilliamsWilliamsWilliams ininin YankeeYankeeYankee Stadium,Stadium,Stadium, andandand feastingfeastingfeasting atatat ChinatownChinatownChinatown banquetsbanquetsbanquets fromfromfrom NewNewNew YorkYorkYork tototo LosLosLos AngelesAngelesAngeles tototo SanSanSan Francisco.Francisco.Francisco. OnOnOn theirtheirtheir waywayway home,home,home, theytheythey mademademade oneoneone moremoremore stopstopstop ininin Tokyo,Tokyo,Tokyo, wherewherewhere theytheythey werewerewere greetedgreetedgreeted bybyby severalseveralseveral hundredshundredshundreds ofofof ethnicethnicethnic ChineseChineseChinese residents,residents,residents, andandand thenthenthen formallyformallyformally receivedreceivedreceived bybyby ROCROCROC AmbassadorAmbassadorAmbassador PengPengPeng MengqiMengqiMengqi (flj(flj(flj ;'K1~f~);'K1~f~);'K1~f~) (History(History(History ofofof thethethe StruggleStruggleStruggle 1972:1972:1972: 19;19;19; TokyoTokyoTokyo OverseasOverseasOverseas 1971:197197 [:[: 3).3).3). TheseTheseThese boysboysboys perhapsperhapsperhaps hadhadhad nonono ideaideaidea whowhowho thisthisthis kindlykindlykindly ambassadorambassadorambassador was,was,was, andandand eveneveneven thosethosethose precociousprecociousprecocious enoughenoughenough tototo knowknowknow wouldwouldwould surelysurelysurely havehavehave beenbeenbeen tootootoo politepolitepolite tototo bringbringbring upupup thethethe activitiesactivitiesactivities forforfor whichwhichwhich AmbassadorAmbassadorAmbassador PengPengPeng waswaswas knownknownknown bybyby theirtheirtheir parents'parents'parents' generationgenerationgeneration asasas "The"The"The ButcherButcherButcher ofofof Gaoxiong"Gaoxiong"Gaoxiong" andandand "The"The"The MurdererMurdererMurderer King."King."King."

PengPengPeng MengqiMengqiMengqi hadhadhad beenbeenbeen CommanderCommanderCommander ofofof thethethe armyarmyarmy garrisongarrisongarrison atatat GaoxiongGaoxiongGaoxiong

J970s -J980s .. Chm?s,," La! Ie BasebaiiBasebaii undund irsirs dLw'oflrcfllSdLw'oflrcfllS1970s-1980s1970s-1980s ··Chlllf'.w:"··Chlllf'.w:" Ltu/cLtu/c Baseball ulld ifS

J:~) tirne of FebruaryFebruaryFebruary 28th28th28th uprisinguprisinguprising InInIn 1947.1947.1947. HeHeHe hashashas longlonglong tx~ntx~ntx~n for (Gaoxiong(Gao.yiong(Gao.yiong J\10SQIJ\10SQI)Y1OSGI silingbusilingbu ~\~illJig~\~illJig ,~] ~)-]~-)-J~) atatat tirncthethethe tirnc ()f()fsiimg iff; J:~) ~-)-J~) thethethe

heldheldheld responsibleresponsibleresponsible t(1rt(1r hishishis civilIans despISedarmy'sarmy'sarmy's murderousmurderousmurderous assaultassaultassault ononon thethethe civilianscivilians ofofof thatthatthat City,City,City, andandand despIseddespIsed bybyby rnany,rnany,rnany,

WIthin ROC's well,eveneveneven wIthinwIthin thethethe ROCsROCs leadershipleadershipleadership asasas welLwelL forforfor hishishis brutalbrutalbrutal command.command.command. ChiangChiangChiang apprecIatedKai-shekKai-shekKai-shek appreciatedappreciated Peng'sPeng'sPeng's loyalty,loyalty,loyalty, however,however,however, andandand thethethe ButcherButcherButcher enjoyedenjoyedenjoyed aaa longlonglong

andandand prosperousprosperousprosperous careercareercareer ininin thethethe NationalistNationalistNationalist armyarmyarmy andandand government.government.government. ButButBut oneoneone doesdoesdoes TaIwanesewonderwonderwonder whether,whether,whether, asasas hehehe greetedgreetedgreeted thesethesethese southernsouthernsouthern Tal\vaneseTal\vanese childrenchildrenchildren whosewhosewhose par­par­par­

ents'ents'ents' teachers,teachers,teachers, doctors,doctors,doctors, andandand communitycommunitycommunity leadersleadersleaders hehehe hadhadhad commandedcommandedcommanded shotshotshot 242424 summerssummerssummers earlier,earlier,earlier, Peng'sPeng'sPeng's thoughtsthoughtsthoughts drifteddrifteddrifted atatat allallall tototo thethethe publicpublicpublic andandand privateprivateprivate execu­execu­execu­tionstIOnstIOns hehehe hadhadhad conductedconductedconducted backbackback downdowndown southsouthsouth duringduringduring hishishis riseriserise tototo thethethe top.top.top.

was JustThiSThiSThiS wasJustwasJust oneoneone eventeventevent InInIn thethethe busybusybusy livesliveslives ofofof thesethesethese childchildchild champions:champions:champions: afterafterafter thisthisthis VISIt moremoremore banquets,banquets,banquets,VISitVISit theretherethere werewerewere stillstillstill parades,parades,parades, TVTVTV shows,shows,shows, presspresspress conferences,conferences,conferences,

gifts (Includlllgvisitsvisitsvisits tototo martyrs'martyrs'martyrs' shrines,shrines,shrines, andandand gIftsgIfts tototo receIvereceIvereceIve humblyhumblyhumbly (including(including aaa scholarshipscholarshipscholarship Chiangtotalingtotalingtotaling NT$3NT$3NT$3 millIonmillIonmillIon [US$75,0004][US$75,0004][US$75,0004] presentedpresentedpresented bybyby ChHll1gChHll1g Kai-shekKai-shekKai-shek andandand thethethe

KMTKMTKMT CentralCentralCentral CommIttee,CommIttee,CommIttee, tototo bebebe distributeddistributeddistributed everyeveryevery yearyearyear ononon thethethe Generalis­Generalis­Generalis­simo'ssimo'ssimo's birthdaybirthdaybirthday [History[History[History ofofof thethethe StruggleStruggleStruggle 1972:1972:1972: iil),iil),iij), andandand aaa futurefuturefuture militarynlilitarynlilitary invasioninvasioninvasion tototo inspireinspireinspire (this(this(this waswaswas thethethe teamteamteam whosewhosewhose VIctoriesVIctoriesVIctories ChiangChiangChiang hopedhopedhoped wouldwouldwould

qUicklyInspireInspireInspire allallall "to"to"to qUIcklyqUIckly retakeretakeretake thethethe mainland").mainland").mainland"). InInIn AmbassadorAmbassadorAmbassador Peng,Peng,Peng, whatwhatwhat waswaswas oneoneone moremoremore funny-talkingfunny-talkingfunny-talking mainlandermainlandermainlander whowhowho knewknewknew nothingnothingnothing aboutaboutabout baseballbaseballbaseball

chillingshoweringshoweringshowering thethethe teamteamteam withwithwith giftsgiftsgifts andandand speeches')speeches')speeches') YetYetYet tototo thethethe historian,historian,historian, thiSthiSthiS chlllmgchlllmg incidentincidentincident criescriescries outoutout forforfor moremoremore analysis.analysis.analysis.

OneOneOne wonderswonderswonders ififif theretherethere waswaswas ininin factfactfact aaa cruelercruelercrueler ironyironyirony thatthatthat thethethe NationalistNationalistNationalist gov­gov­gov­ernmenternmenternment couldcouldcould havehavehave perpetratedperpetratedperpetrated uponuponupon thethethe gamegamegame ofofof baseball-thiSbaseball-thiS modernmodernmodern legacylegacylegacy ofofof JapaneseJapaneseJapanese colonialism-thancolonialism-thancolonialism-than tototo foldfoldfold ititit intointointo thethethe samesamesame KMTKMTKMT worldworldworld thatthatthat honoredhonoredhonored thosethosethose (like(like(like Peng)Peng)Peng) whowhowho hadhadhad massacredmassacredmassacred thousandsthousandsthousands ininin 194719471947 forforfor servingservingserving asasas walkingwalkingwalking legacieslegacieslegacies ofofof modernmodernmodern JapaneseJapaneseJapanese colonialism.colonialism.colonialism. ItItIt waswaswas oneoneone thingthingthing

baseball-thIS

ofllcialtototo denydenydeny thethethe JapanesenessJapanesenessJapaneseness ofofof thethethe game,game,game, eithereithereither ininin print,print,print, whichwhichwhich thethethe otl1cialotl1cial FreeFreeFree ChinaChinaChina ReviewReviewReview diddiddid thatthatthat monthmonthmonth (Chang(Chang(Chang 1971:1971:1971: 27),27),27), ororor physically,physically,physically, asasas ininin thethethe "hand­"hand­"hand­somesomesome ChineseChineseChinese palace-stylepalace-stylepalace-style exterior"exterior"exterior" ononon thethethe TaipeiTaipeiTaipei Stadium.Stadium.Stadium. AndAndAnd ititit waswaswas notnotnot surprisingsurprisingsurprising thatthatthat thethethe governmentgovernmentgovernment wouldwouldwould hirehirehire dozensdozensdozens ofofof Ne\vNe\v YorkYorkYork ChinatownChinatownChinatown

actlVlsts In Pennsylvania ButButBut IIltro­IIltro­New

thugsthugsthugs tototo beatbeatbeat upupup TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese actIvIstsactIvIsts atatat thethethe gamesgamesgames IIIIII PennsylvanIaPennsylvanIa lIltro­TaIwanese GaoxlOng'?ducingducingducing youngyoungyoung TaiwaneseTaiwanese boysboysboys tototo thethethe ButcherButcherButcher ofofof GaoxlOng?GaoxlOng?

ThisThisThis incidentincidentincident clearlyclearlyclearly explainsexplainsexplains muchmuchmuch moremoremore aboutaboutabout thethethe NauonalistNationalistNationalist usesusesuses ofofof Aborigme playIngbaseballbaseballbaseball thanthanthan dododo thethethe IconicIconicIconic picturespicturespictures ofofof poorpoorpoor AborigIneAborigIne childrenchildrenchildren playingplaying base­base­base­

victonous celebratIOn. cDuldballballball barefootbarefootbarefoot ororor smilingsmilingsmiling InInIn victOriOUsvictOriOUs celebration.celebration. TheTheThe gambitgambitgambit couldcould notnotnot havehavehave beenbeenbeen thatthatthat nonono oneoneone wouldwouldwould rememberrememberremember whatwhatwhat PengPengPeng hadhadhad beenbeenbeen upupup tototo 242424 summerssummerssummers before;before;before; ll1deed,Indeed,Indeed, thethethe pomtPOIntPOInt almostalmostalmost seemsseemsseems tototo bebebe thatthatthat anyanyany conscIentIousconscIentIous adultadultadultconSCIentIOUS

behmdwouldwouldwould knowknowknow thatthatthat PengPengPeng hadhadhad beenbeenbeen behIndbehInd thethethe murdersmurdersmurders ofofof aaa prevIOusprevIOusprevIOus generationgenerationgeneration ofofof southernsouthernsouthern TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan standouts.standouts.standouts. YetYetYet tototo wntewntewnte thiSthiS eventeventevent asasas aaa cruelcruelcruel flauntingflauntingflaunting ofofof Peng'sPeng'sPeng's murderousmurderousmurderous guiltguiltguilt andandand thethethe NationalistNationalistNationalist government'sgovernment'sgovernment's totaltotaltotal complicitycomplicitycomplicity ininin

thIS

mlettinglettingletting himhimhim walkwalkwalk (and(and(and InIn factfactfact ascend),ascend),ascend), seemsseemsseems tototo mIssmIssmIss ananan importantimportantimportant proppropprop ininin thisthisthis production.production.production. OnlyOnlyOnly ananan understandmg ofofof agaInhow,how,how, agaInagam InInm Herzfeld'sHerzfeld'sHerzfeld'sunderstandIngunderstandIng words,words,words,

IrOnIC ofll1umacy atlev"[n]ational"[n]ational"[n]ational embarrassmentembarrassmentembarrassment cancancan becomebecomebecome thethethe IronICIronIC basisbasisbasis ofof IntimacyIntimacy andandand aflec­aflec­tion,tion,tion, aaa fellowshipfellowshipfellowship ofofof thethethe flawed"flawed"flawed" (Herzfeld(Herzfeld(Herzfeld 2004:2004:2004: 29),29),29), cancancan explainexplainexplain thethethe truetruetrue logIClogIClogIC ofofof suchsuchsuch aaa gesture.gesture.gesture.

343434 AndreH'MorrisAndreH'MorrisAndreH'Morris

Jian ill). ininin hishishis powerfulpowerfulpowerful songsongsong "A"A"A PiecePiecePieceTheTheThe ChineseChineseChinese rockrockrock starstarstar CuiCuiCui lianlian (1:g(1:g ofofof RedRedRed Cloth."Cloth."Cloth." sang.sang. "I"I wantwantwant tototo alwaysalwaysalways accompanyaccompanyaccompany youyouyou thisthisthis way.way.way. becausebecause III knowknowknow youryouryour sufferingsufferingsuffering best"best"best" (Cui(Cui(Cui 1991).1991).1991). WhileWhileWhile thethethe modernmodernmodern historieshistorieshistories ofofof thethethe PRCPRCPRC andandand TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan areareare unmistakablyunmistakablyunmistakably different.different.different. Cui'sCui'sCui's vividvividvivid languagelanguagelanguage explainsexplainsexplains veryveryvery wellwellwell thethethe "fellowship"fellowship"fellowship ofofof thethethe flawed"flawed"flawed" thatthatthat existedexistedexisted bet \veen

sang, '" becal15e

bet\veenbet\veen thethethe NationalistNationalistNationalist regimeregimeregime andandand thethethe TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese publicpublicpublic forforfor fourfourfour decades,decades, throughthroughthrough thethethe 1980s.1980s.1980s. IfIfIf wewewe

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JnSlead, wewewe imagineimagineimagine thethethe complexities.complexities.com plexities. butbutbut ultllllateultllllate convenience.convenience.convenience.ultimate ofofof thiSthISthISJnstead,Jnstead, relationshiprelationshiprelationship betweenbetweenbetween actorsactorsactors whowhowho knowknowknow eacheacheach others'others'others' sulferingsulfering best.best.best. ThISThIS neVineVineVi logiclogiclogic rendersrendersrenders muchmuchmuch moremoremore clearlyclearlyclearly thethethe wayswaysways ininin \vhich

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JapaneseJapaneseJapanese colonialcolonialcolonial subjectssubjectssubjects becamebecamebecame thethethe KMT'sKMT'sKMT's "Free"Free"Free China,"China,"China." InsteadAndAndAnd lI1steadlI1stead ofofof aaa rupturerupturerupture ininin thethethe earlyearlyearly 1970s1970s1970s discoursediscoursediscourse aboutaboutabout baseballbaseballbaseball andandand ROCROCROC history,history, thisthisthis visitvisitvisit lOtoto thethethe butcherbutcherbutcher servedservedserved asasas thethethe ultimateultimateultimate capstonecapstonecapstone tototo thisthisthis championshipchampionshipchampionship

reInforcement

history.

voyagevoyagevoyage andandand rell1forcementrell1forcement ofofof whatwhatwhat baseballbaseballbaseball reallyreallyreally meantmeantmeant tototo Taiwan.Taiwan.Taiwan.

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TheTheThe researcherresearcherresearcher ofofof TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan 's's's baseballbaseballbaseball historyhistoryhistory isisis blessedblessedblessed bybyby aaa TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese popula­popula­popula­thaltiontiontion thatthat seemsseemsseems asasas oneoneone tototo lovelovelove recollectingrecollectingrecollecting thethethe oldoldold daysdaysdays whenwhenwhen peoplepeoplepeople experi­experi­experi­

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farnily. community. a]]explicitlyexplicitlyexplicitly nostalgicnostalgicnostalgic termstermsterms ofofof farnily,farnily, community,community, andandand nation-stayingnation-stayingnation-staying upupup allall night, \vhiJenight.night. eatingeatingeating instantinstantinstant noodlesnoodlesnoodles whilewhile listeninglisteninglistening tototo ororor watchingwatchingwatching thethethe games,games,games, listen­listen­listen­inginging tl)tl)tl) thethethe firecrackerslirecrackerslirecrackers outsideoutsideoutside after thethethe near-inevitablenear-inevitablenear-inevitable victories,victories,victories. andandand allallallaneraner thosethosethose nationalnationalnational flags.flags.flags. EvenEvenEven thosethosethose whowhowho useuseuse usua]]ylanguagelanguagelanguage usuallyusually associatedassociatedassociated withwithwith

ofcritiquescritiquescritiques oror thisthisthis nostalgia-likenostalgia-likenostalgia-like professorprofessorprofessor andandand formerformerformer nationalnationalnational teamteamteam coachcoachcoach Huawei's baseballbaseballbaseball andandand TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese "collective"collective"collective memory"memory"memory" Ui/iji.1'i(jitiji.1'i(jitiji.1'iLinLinLin HU;lwei'sHU;lwei's talktalktalk ononon

tI~jtl~,'iltg 2(04)-oftentI~f~~ll'ilt~))tI~f~~ll'ilt~) atatat thethethe PresidentialPresidentialPresidential PalacePalacePalace ininin JulyJulyJuly 200420042004 (Chen(Chen(Chen 2004)-01'2004)-01'tenten employemployemploy ititit onlyonlyonly tototo encourageencourageencourage thisthisthis nostalgianostalgianostalgia eveneveneven further.further.further. Indeed,Indeed,Indeed, thisthisthis longinglonginglonging forforfor suchsuchsuch state-centeredstate-centeredstate-centered artifice--evenartifice--even ififif olleolle understandsunderstandsunderstands thatthatthat ititit alsoalsoalso marksmarksmarks aaa nostalgianostalgianostalgia forforfor thethethe "simpler""simpler""simpler" eraeraera ofofof NationalistNationalistNationalist rule-isrule-isrule-is fascinating.fascinating.fascinating.

artilice--even one

was 197 I Giams.AboveAboveAbove ViasVias discusseddiscusseddiscussed thethethe championshipchampionshipchampionship wonwonwon ininin 19711971 bybyby thethethe TainanTainanTainan Giants.Giants. wasTheTheThe chronologychronologychronology ofofof thisthisthis triumphtriumphtriumph isisis eveneveneven moremoremore revealing:revealing:revealing: ititit \vas\vas followedfollowedfollowed bybyby sixsixsix

weeks\veeks\veeks ofofof Nixon'sNixon'sNixon's announcementannouncementannouncement ofofof hishishis upcomingupcomingupcoming visitvisitvisit tototo thethethe PRePRePRe andandand pre­pre­pre­ROCscededcededceded bybyby eighteighteight weeksweeksweeks thethethe ROC'sROC's withdrawalwithdrawalwithdrawal fromfromfrom thethethe UnitedUnitedUnited Nations.Nations.Nations. IfIfIf evereverever

embarrassment" Taiwan."national"national"national embalTassment"embalTassment" andandand humiliationhumiliationhumiliation waswaswas palpablepalpablepalpable ininin Taiwan,Taiwan, thisthisthis waswaswas thatthatthat moment.moment.moment. FewFewFew AmericansAmericansAmericans likelylikelylikely werewerewere stungstungstung bybyby ChiangChiangChiang Kai-shek'sKai-shek'sKai-shek's speechspeechspeech lamentinglamentinglamenting "an"an"an ageageage ofofof agonyagonyagony ininin whichwhichwhich theretherethere isisis nonono distinctiondistinctiondistinction betweenbetweenbetween justicejusticejustice andandand injusticeinjusticeinjustice [[[......... whenwhenwhen s]omes]omes]ome peoplepeoplepeople havehavehave eveneveneven lostlostlost theirtheirtheir moralmoralmoral couragecouragecourage [[[......... and]and]and] becomebecomebecome thethethe lackeyslackeyslackeys ofofof MaoMaoMao Tse-tung"Tse-tung"Tse-tung" (Wei(Wei(Wei 1972:1972:1972: I).I).I). ButButBut manymanymany ininin

j970sj970sj970s j9HOs 'Chinese" Un!t'j9XOsj9XOs 'C/;im'sc"'C/;im'sc" UU!i'UU!i'

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hm1 Il1 1993)1993)1993) (Sh(lUjUlI(Sh(lUjUlI 1993.1993.1993.(ShoujUZl :27).:27).TimesTimesTimes pIecepIecepIece descnbeddescnbeddescnbed hunhun IIIIII "27). ThiSThiS "embarrassrnent""embarrassrnent" tropetropetrope mm memoriesmemories ofofof LittleLittle Leag.ue'Leag.ue' baseballbaseballThis "embarrassment" Il1 memones Lillie Lea~ue' basebnll bISIS sososo

strongstrongstrong thatthatthat sometnnessometnnes trumpstrumpstrumps actualactualactual chronology.chronology.chronology.ItItIt somelImes InInIn hishishis 199719971997 mcnWlrs,rnem()lrS,rnem()lrS, canoorllstcartoonistcartoonist ZhlzhongZhlzhongZhlzhong (f~.t~.'tg) remembered.remembered,remembered, "Dunng"Dunng"Dunng thethethe i)!'(fjLt~.'J.:,) summersumml'l'summl'l' l)fl)fCalCalCal (fjLt~.'J.:,)

1970, thIrd 111 the \\,,\S 11i)(1970.1970. mymymy thirdthird yearyearyear mm thethethe mIlitary,mIlitary,mIlitary, tlwtlw worstworstworst disasterdisasterdisaster forforfor TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan W,ISW,IS notnot ourourour UnJleuUnJleu [,hayl] LIttleLittleLittleWithdrawalwlthul'awalwlthul'awal fromfromfrom thethethe United NalIons,Nations.Nations. butbutbut thethethe [JlaYI][JlaYI] SevenSevenSeven TigersTigersTigns

loss TheLeagueLeagueLeague team'steam'steam's JossJoss atatat WilliamsportWilliamsportWilliamsport tototo PuertoPuertoPuerto RICO."RICO."RICO." (Chang(Chang(Chang 20()()'20()()'20()()' )8))8))8) 1'11\.'1'11\.' CII thethethe RO('RO('RO('factfactfact thatthatthat CliCli seemsseemsseems tototo rememberrememberremember sososo clearlyclearlyclearly (if(if(if doublydoublydoubly incorrectlyincorrectlyincorrectly

leftleftleft thethethe UNUNUN 1!11!11!1 /97//97/ andandand notnotnot 197(),197(), andandand JlaYIJlaYI lostlostlost tototo NicaraguaNicaraguaNicaragua andandand IwtIwt !)ucrw!)ucrw1971 1970, Jlayl Ill1t PUenl) hllll1liIatlons dunng SlImmer hInbRICO)RICO)RICO) thesethesethese humilIationshumilIations bothbothboth occurnngoccurnngoccurnng dUringdUring thethethe samesamesame SlimmerSlimmer hm!:>hm!:> atatat

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1970, for Victories1970.1970. werewerewere oneoneone ofofof manymanymany "all-star""all-star""all-star" teamsteamsteams compiledcompiledcompiled lorlor victoriesvictories abroadabroadabroad TheTheThe ROCROCROC BaseballBaseballBaseball ASSOCIatIonASSOCIationASSOCIation mademademade muchmuchmuch ofofof thethethe l'actl'actI'act thatthatthat thethethe chlldre:nchlldre:nchildren werewerewere

satisfyll1g ol1iClal delegatIOn's InvestIgatIonallallall underunderunder ageageage 12.12.12. afterafterafter sillisfYll1gsillisfYll1g ananan o11iclalo11iclal LLBLLBLLB delegation'sdelegation's InvestigationInvestigation In June.June.June. (The(The(The Unifed Doily ,Neil'S alsoalsoalso proudlyproudlyproudly c!ledc!led LLB headheadhead .I.1010 UnircdUnircd Neil'SDailyDaily Neil'S CIted LLI3LLI3 PeterPeterPeter J.J.

delight In US. see Tai\vancseMcGovern'sMcGovern'sMcGovern's deltghtdeltght that,that,that, unlikeunlikeunlike 111111 thethethe US,US, hehehe diddiddid notnotnot secsec anyanyany TaiwaneseTaiwanese boysboysboys withwithwith longlonglong hall'hall'hall' [McGovern[McGovern[McGovern LeavlllgLeavlllg 1970.3].)1970.3].)1970.3].) Instead,Instead, thethethe SevenSevenSeven TIgersTIgers merelymerelymerelyLeaVing Instead. Tigers stil1 cheattng m ll1cludedsti11sti11 werewerewere cheatll1gcheatll1g IIIIII anotheranotheranother way,way,way, thethethe squadsquadsquad IIlcludedIIlcluded onlyonlyonly sevensevenseven boysboysboys fromfromfrom

JIayI, five rIngersthethethe baseball-madbaseball-madbaseball-mad towntowntown ofofof JIayl,JIayl, supplementedsupplementedsupplemented bybyby livelive standoutstandoutstandout nngersnngers fromfromfrom Gaoxiong.nearbynearbynearby TamanTamanTaman andandand twotwotwo moremoremore fromfromfrom Gaoxlong.Gaoxlong.

TheTheThe SevenSevenSeven Tigers'Tigers'Tigers' 12-012-012-0 victory fromfromfromVIctoryVIctory overoverover thethethe JapaneseJapaneseJapanese championschampionschampions WakayamaWakayamaWakayama clinchedclinchedclinched thethethe AsiaAsiaAsia PacificPacificPacific titletitletitle andandand showedshowedshowed themthemthem tototo bebebe yetyetyet anotheranotheranother world-class entryentryentry ininin thethethe LLBLLBLLB WorldWorldWorld SenesSenesSenes III\"lorld-class\"lorld-class 111111 PennsylvanIaPennsylvanIaPennsylvanIa TheTheThe teamteamteam returnedreturnedreturned tototo TaJpeiTaJpei forforfor moremoremore tramll1g,tramll1g, andandand werewerewere treatedtreatedtreated asasas thethethe latestlatestlatest champIOnschampIOnsTaIpei tramll1g. champIons

III thell- WinSofofof ChineseChineseChinese NationalistNationalistNationalist heroism.heroism.heroism. OneOneOne psychologistpsychologistpsychologist sawsawsaw 111111 theIrtheIr recentrecentrecent winswins aaa nation Tim"renewal"renewal"renewal ofofof thethethe promisepromisepromise ofofof thethethe [Chinese][Chinese][Chinese] natIOnnatIOn andandand race"race"race" TImTIm couldcouldcould onlyonlyonly bebebe

achIeved.achieved,achieved, though.though,though, WIth\v!lh\v!lh aaa strong-willedstrong-willedstrong-willed c()achc()ach ableableable tlltlltll g.uldcg.uldccoach gUIde hIS av.'ayIllSIllS chargeschargescharges :tWit)':tWit)'

cowarlllce. dishonesty. IrresponSIbility, \vddness wen:fromfromfrom thethethe co\vardlce.co\vardlce. cltshonesly,cltshonesly, IrresponsibIlity.IrresponsibIlity. andandand \vtidness\vtidness thatthatthat theytheythey \A/cre\A/cre tootootoo IgnorantIgnorantIgnorant ,\vOId ononon theirtheirtheir ownownown (LUG 197019701970 :):):) 6)6)6) i\i\i\ moremore palentpalent ;1t1d;1t1dtototo aVOidaVOid (Luu(Luu mllrc patent ,Inti

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ofofof thethethe state.state.state. Ofllclal time boysboy~ comllCOITlllCOITlll book-styleOlllcJaIOlllcJaI mediamediamedia alsoalsoalso tooktooktook thethethe lImelIme tototo IssueIssueIssue allallall 141414 boy~ bl)ok-slykbl)ok-slyk

nicknames,nicknames, likelikelike "Tornado"Tornado"Tornado Tiger"Tiger"Tiger" (tlmd(tlmd(tlmd basemanbasemanbaseman HuangHuang YongxlangYongxlangYongxlang l}( H), "Hlgh-Flytng (pItcher ).).). andandand "LightnIng"LightnIng"LightnIng nIcknames, Ii uang ;j,H),;j,H), "Hlgh-F1Yll1g"Hlgh-F1Yll1g Tiger"Tiger"Tiger" (pitcher(pitcher HuangHuangHuang ZhlxlongZhlxlongZhlxlong

{~ d~) (Jiayl 2()()7)Tiger"Tiger"Tiger" (catcher(catcher(catcher HouHouHou DezhengDezhengDezheng 14df!!14df!! JE)JE) OWYIOWYI City'sCity'sCity's SevenSevenSeven TigersTigersTigers 20(7)20(7) ThreeThreeThree later, starstarstar playerplayerplayer LuLuLu RUItu ((( ),),), thethethe "Concealed-by-a-Rldgedecadesdecadesdecades RUl!ulater.later. RUl!u "Concealed-by-a-Rldgc"Concealed-by-a-Rldgc

Tiger,"Tiger," rememberedrememberedremembered thethethe hundredshundredshundreds ofofof fanfanfan letterslettersletters hehehe receivedreceived andandand thethethe beautifulbeautifulbeautifulTiger." receIved forward TaIpei (Childrenandandand fonvardfonvard TaipeiTaipei girlsgirlsgirls whowhowho followedfollowedfollowed thethethe teamteamteam aroundaroundaround forforfor daysdaysdays (ChIldren(ChIldren ofofof

Baseball.Baseball.Baseball. SevenSevenSeven TigersTigersTigers 20(0)20(0)20(0) ButButBut 111It1It1 their nrst 1I1 Willtamsport.theIrtheIr firstfirst gamegamegame InIn Willtamsport,Willtamsport, thethethe SevenSevenSeven TigersTigersTigers ranranran IntoIntoInto anotheranotheranother

363636 AndrewAndrewAndrew MorrisMorrisMorris

fine Nicaragua,Nicaragua,Nicaragua, whowhowho toppedtoppedtopped thethethe SevenSevenSeven TigersTigersTigers 3-2,3-2,3-2, thethethe painfullypainfullypainfullyflneflne teamteamteam fromfromfrom closecloseclose gamegamegame endingendingending ononon aaa hardhardhard ROCROCROC linelineline drivedrivedrive caughtcaughtcaught withwithwith thethethe basesbasesbases loaded.loaded.loaded. TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan TelevisionTelevisionTelevision broadcasterbroadcasterbroadcaster ShengShengSheng ZhuruZhuruZhuru (iliit'rtuJ)(iliit'rtuJ)(iliit'rtuJ) criedcriedcried ononon air,air,air, joinedjoinedjoined ininin tearstearstears bybyby NationalistNationalistNationalist loyalistsloyalistsloyalists andandand TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese nationalistsnationalistsnationalists ininin thethethe WilliamsportWilliamsportWilliamsport standsstandsstands sharing thethethe painpainpain forforfor once,once,once, sheddingsheddingshedding tearstearstears underneathunderneathunderneath theirtheirtheir flagsflagsflags ofofof enmity (Xu(Xu(Xu 2004:2004:2004: III).III).III). OnceOnceOnce ininin thethethe loser'sloser'sloser's bracketbracketbracket ininin Williamsport,Williamsport,Williamsport, thethethe SevenSevenSeven TigersTigersTigers tooktooktook outoutout theirtheirtheir revengerevengerevenge ononon opponentsopponentsopponents fromfromfrom TennesseeTennesseeTennessee andandand WestWestWest

flnishGermany,Germany,Germany, dominatingdominatingdominating bothbothboth tototo capturecapturecapture thethethe leastleastleast satisfyingsatisfyingsatisfying fifth-placefifth-placefifth-place finishfinish ininin LLBLLBLLB WorldWorldWorld SeriesSeriesSeries history.history.history.

ThisThisThis losslossloss ininin thethethe 197019701970 LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague WorldWorldWorld SeriesSeriesSeries waswaswas experiencedexperiencedexperienced ininin TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan asasas thethethe truest,truest,truest, yetyetyet mostmostmost profoundlyprofoundlyprofoundly bonding,bonding,bonding, formformform ofofof embarrassment.embarrassment.embarrassment. TheTheThe nextnextnext day'sday'sday's "In"In"In BlackBlackBlack andandand White"White"White" columncolumncolumn ininin thethethe UnitedUnitedUnited DailyDailyDaily NewsNewsNews beganbeganbegan thisthisthis narrative.narrative.narrative. TitledTitledTitled "'Sorry,'''"'Sorry,'''"'Sorry,''' thethethe columncolumncolumn issuedissuedissued bothbothboth thethethe faintestfaintestfaintest yetyetyet mostmostmost ferventferventfervent forforpraisepraisepraise for WuWuCoachCoachCoach Wu Mintian'sMintian'sMintian's (!R:~~~)(~1lfJi!J~(!R:~~~ )) dignitydignitydignity immediatelyimmediatelyininin immediately apologizingapologizingapologizing tototo thethethe nationnationnation afterafterafter thethethe loss:loss:loss: "This"This"This spiritspiritspirit ofofof takingtakingtaking responsibilityresponsibilityresponsibility forforfor aaa nationalnationalnational humiliationhumiliationhumiliation andandand insultinsultinsult isisis trulytrulytruly moving!"moving!"moving!" (In(In(In BlackBlackBlack andandand WhiteWhiteWhite 1970:1970:1970: 3)3)3) AAA filmfilmfilm ononon TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese publicpublicpublic televisiontelevisiontelevision ininin 200020002000 showedshowedshowed thethethe painfulpainfulpainful detailsdetailsdetails ofofof thethethe 3-23-23-2 loss,loss,loss, setsetset tototo backgroundbackgroundbackground musicmusicmusic bybyby thethethe BeeBeeBee Gees:Gees:Gees: "How"How"How cancancan youyouyou mendmendmend thisthisthis brokenbrokenbroken man?man?man? HowHowHow cancancan aaa loserloserloser evereverever win?"win?"win?" (Children(Children(Children ofofof Base­Base­Base­ball:ball:ball: SevenSevenSeven TigersTigersTigers 20(0)20(0)20(0) WhileWhileWhile Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague teamsteamsteams wonwonwon seventeenseventeenseventeen worldworldworld titlestitlestitles aboutaboutabout whichwhichwhich tototo boast,boast,boast, thisthisthis losslossloss ininin factfactfact remainsremainsremains atatat thethethe heartheartheart ofofof nationalistnationalistnationalist memoriesmemoriesmemories ofofof TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan baseball'sbaseball'sbaseball's goldengoldengolden age.age.age.

SinceSinceSince then,then,then, thethethe ofllcial LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague narrativenarrativenarrative ininin Taiwan-sharedTaiwan-sharedTaiwan-shared bybybyoflicialoflicial ChineseChineseChinese NationalistsNationalistsNationalists andandand TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese separatistsseparatistsseparatists alike-hasalike-hasalike-has comecomecome tototo centercentercenter ononon thethethe artifactsartifactsartifacts ofofof thethethe fifth-placefifth-placefifth-place SevenSevenSeven Tigers'Tigers'Tigers' returnreturnreturn tototo Taipei.Taipei.Taipei. ChiangChiangChiang Ching­Ching­Ching­kkk uououo greetedgreetedgreeted thethethe childrenchildrenchildren atatat SongshanSongshanSongshan AirportAirportAirport ininin thethethe rain,rain,rain, doingdoingdoing hishishis bestbestbest tototo cheercheercheer themthemthem upupup withwithwith kindkindkind questionsquestionsquestions andandand comments:comments:comments: "Did"Did"Did youyouyou havehavehave funfunfun ininin

friends?"America?"America?"America?" "Did"Did"Did youyouyou makemakemake somesomesome newnewnew friends'?"friends'?" "Losing"Losing"Losing isisis OK;OK;OK; there'sthere'sthere's alwaysalwaysalways nextnextnext year."year."year." TheTheThe Tigers'Tigers'Tigers' playersplayersplayers behavedbehavedbehaved withwithwith stoicstoicstoic dignity,dignity,dignity, presentingpresentingpresenting tototo thethethe Generalissimo'sGeneralissimo'sGeneralissimo's sonsonson deepdeepdeep bowsbowsbows thatthatthat wouldwouldwould bebebe citedcitedcited ininin TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan forforfor decadesdecadesdecades tototo cornecomecome (Shoujuzi(Shoujuzi(Shoujuzi 1993:1993:1993: 27;27;27; YaoYaoYao 1977:1977:1977: 27).27).27).

ButButBut thethethe mostmostmost movingmovingmoving eventeventevent waswaswas tototo follow.follow.follow. CoachCoachCoach WuWuWu apologizedapologizedapologized onceonceonce moremoremore forforfor thethethe team'steam'steam's loss,loss,loss, onlyonlyonly tototo havehavehave XieXieXie Guocheng,Guocheng,Guocheng, headheadhead ofofof thethethe ROCROCROC BaseballBaseballBaseball AssociationAssociationAssociation andandand thethethe "father"father"father ofofof TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague baseball,"baseball,"baseball," seizeseizeseize thethethe microphone,microphone,microphone, hishishis eyeglasseyeglasseyeglass framesframesframes drippingdrippingdripping withwithwith tears,tears,tears, andandand (ignoring(ignoring(ignoring aaa certaincertaincertain NicaraguanNicaraguanNicaraguan pitcher'spitcher'spitcher's preternaturalpreternaturalpreternatural expertise)expertise)expertise) statestatestate thatthatthat "Responsibility"Responsibility"Responsibility forforfor thethethe SevenSevenSeven Tigers'Tigers'Tigers' losslossloss isisis mineminemine andandand notnotnot thethethe coach's"coach's"coach's" (Yao(Yao(Yao 1977:1977:1977: 28;28;28; ViceViceVice PremierPremierPremier ChiangChiangChiang 1970:1970:1970: 3).3).3). Indeed,Indeed,Indeed, aaa writerwriterwriter forforfor thethethe ChinaChinaChina TribuneTribuneTribune twotwotwo fullfullfull decadesdecadesdecades later,later,later, ininin aaa piecepiecepiece titled,titled,titled, "The"The"The BeautyBeautyBeauty andandand SorrowSorrowSorrow ofofof Baseball,"Baseball,"Baseball," identi­identi­identi­fledfIedfIed thisthisthis noblenoblenoble fightfightfight tototo acceptacceptaccept blameblameblame asasas thethethe momentmomentmoment whenwhenwhen youthyouthyouth baseballbaseballbaseball trulytrulytruly becamebecamebecame partpartpart ofofof ROCROCROC nationalismnationalismnationalism (Weng(Weng(Weng 1992:1992:1992: 29-30).29-30).29-30). Or,Or,Or, tototo citecitecite anotheranotheranother medium,medium,medium, thethethe onlyonlyonly picturepicturepicture ofofof aaa LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague playerplayerplayer ininin Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's officialofficialofficial base­base­base­ballballball "Digital"Digital"Digital Museum"Museum"Museum" isisis oneoneone ofofof thesethesethese sullensullensullen SevenSevenSeven TigersTigersTigers players,players,players, LiLiLi

c:t:ffi:i1I1)C¥*~'H)ZongzhouZongzhouZongzhou C¥*~'H) (the(the(the "Beastly-Fanged"Beastly-Fanged"Beastly-Fanged Tiger"),Tiger"),Tiger"), shelteredshelteredsheltered fromfromfrom thethethe rainrainrain bybyby ViceViceVice PremierPremierPremier Chiang'sChiang'sChiang's umbrellaumbrellaumbrella andandand widewidewide smile.smile.smile. sss

1970s 1980s CJunese" Uu BasehallBasehall irsirs _'I_'I1970519705 1980519805 ...... Chaue'se"Chaue'se" LinLin IeIeIe ",",

was thaithatthat thethethe JinyiJinyi losersloserslosers n;~~~ivedn;~~ivedFinally.Finally.Finally. eveneveneven moremoremore spectacularspectacularspectacular '"vas'"vas thethethe Jiayi n;~~ived

fromfromfrom ChHlng Unircd Neil'SNeil'SPresidentPresidentPresident ClllangClllang Kai-shekKai-shekKai-shek threethreethree daysdaysdays later.later.later. TheTheThe UnitedUnited NeIl's accountaccountaccount startedstartedstarted predictablypredictablypredictably enough,enough,enough, givengivengiven thethethe personalitypersonalitypersonality cultcultcult ofofof thethethe day:day:day:

theIr to S'-~"The"The"The chtldrenchtldrenchtldren stoodstoodstood ononon theirtheir toestoestoes andandand cranedcranedcraned theirtheirtheir necksnecksnecks ininin orderorderorder tl)tl) SL'eSL'e thethethe In theirtheirtheir hearts."hearts."hearts." ButButBut hishishis thoughtsthoughtsthoughts thatthatthat daydaydaygreatestgreatestgreatest leaderleaderleader andandand manmanman residingresidingresiding 111111

thISwerewerewere ononon mattersmattersmatters thatthatthat thethethe UDNUDNUDN seldomseldomseldom wouldwouldwould havehavehave mentionedmentionedmentioned ininin thiSthiS ageageage ofofof "economIc mlracle"---Chiang'sthethethe "economic"economic mlracle"----Chiang'smlracle"----Chiang's ownownown defeats.defeats.defeats.

PreSIdent pOInted out, for matter.TheTheThe PreSidentPreSident pOll1tedpOll1ted out.out. f(Jrf(Jr anyoneanyoneanyone andandand ininin anyanyany matter,matter, thethethe roadroadroad tototo will IneVitablysuccesssuccesssuccess willll1eVllablywillll1eVllably includeincludeinclude somesomesome failures.failures.failures. OnlyOnlyOnly oneoneone whowhowho hashashas failedfailedfailed cancancan

apprecIate precIoustrulytrulytruly appreciateappreciate thethethe precIOusprecIOus valuevaluevalue ofofof victory[victory[victory[.........JJJ WinningWinningWinning everyeveryevery timetimetime f~lilure.wouldwouldwould onlyonlyonly havehavehave taughttaughttaught youyouyou arrogance,arrogance,arrogance, andandand thatthatthat ISISIS thethethe biggestbiggestbiggest failure.failure.

GIvesPresidentPresidentPresident GivesGives EncouragementEncouragementEncouragement 1970:1970:1970: 222

ChIang rellving hIS 01'25 earlier,ChiangChiang waswaswas notnotnot ininin thethethe habithabithabit ofofof publiclypubliclypublicly relivingreliving hiShiS failuresfailuresfailures ofof 2525 yearsyearsyears earlier.earlier. hIgherwhenwhenwhen hehehe ruledruledruled allallall ofofof ChinaChinaChina andandand thethethe stakesstakesstakes werewerewere muchmuchmuch higherhigher AndAndAnd ititit isisis hardhardhard tototo

ImagineImagineImagine himhimhim trulytrulytruly believingbelievingbelieving thatthatthat hehehe wouldwouldwould livelivelive tototo appreciateappreciateappreciate thethethe "value""value""value" ofofof successsuccesssuccess ininin retakingretakingretaking thethethe mainland.mainland.mainland. ButButBut hishishis candorcandorcandor ininin thisthisthis meetll1gmeetll1gmeetll1g WithWith aaa fellO\vfellO\vwith fellow

hIS cultivallonbandbandband ofofof losersloserslosers representsrepresentsrepresents oneoneone moremoremore unlikelyunlikelyunlikely exampleexampleexample ofofof hiShiS cultivationcultivation ofofof aaa ftawed."D Il'in"fellowship"fellowship"fellowship ofofof thethethe f1awed."Df1awed."D ItItIt seemsseemsseems that,that,that, whilewhilewhile anyoneanyoneanyone cancancan winwin aaa champion­champion­champion­

ship,ship,ship, thethethe abilityabilityability tototo loseloselose withwithwith gracegracegrace andandand stillstillstill standstandstand asasas aaa teamteamteam forforfor onlyonlyonly thethethe purestpurestpurest theIrofofof motivesmotivesmotives becamebecamebecame thethethe qualityqualityquality ofofof whichwhichwhich TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese peoplepeoplepeople andandand theirtheir ChineseChineseChinese

governmentgovernmentgovernment werewerewere mostmostmost proud.proud.proud.

LossLossLoss andandand LitostLitostLitost ininin baseballbaseballbaseball fictionfictionfiction andandand filmfilmfilm

TheTheThe firstfirstfirst literaryliteraryliterary representationrepresentationrepresentation ofofof thisthisthis youthyouthyouth baseballbaseballbaseball phenomenonphenomenonphenomenon ininin TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan camecamecame ininin aaa comiccomiccomic serial,serial,serial, "Little"Little"Little BaseballBaseballBaseball Hero"Hero"Hero" (Bangqiu(Bangqiu(Bangqiu xiaoxiaoxiao yinghaoyinghaoyinghao wBj(/J\~~)wBj(/J\~~), publishedpublishedpublished ininin PrincePrincePrince MagazineMagazineMagazine ininin 1970.1970.1970. TheTheThe comiccomiccomic followsfollowsfollows thethethef~Bj(/J\~~),,

adventuresadventuresadventures ofofof aaa WeiWeiWei XinwuXinwuXinwu C¥WTff:t),C¥WTff:t), ororor "Mighty"Mighty"Mighty NewNewNew Weapon",Weapon",Weapon", whowhowho starsstarsstars forforfor "Golden"Golden"Golden TigerTigerTiger ElementaryElementaryElementary School"School"School" andandand whowhowho ISISIS takentakentaken bybyby aaa strangestrangestrange hermithermithermit

ll1 "crazy"crazy"crazy trall1lng."trall1lng."traInIng." TheTheThe cruelcruelcruel natnat ural-styleural-style

C&tmff:t),

tototo thethethe ruggedruggedrugged woodswoodswoods tototo engageengageengage 111111 natural-style trainIng ll1credibletrainll1gtrainll1g exhaustsexhaustsexhausts hImhImhIm tototo thethethe bone,bone,bone, butbutbut eventuallyeventuallyeventually producesproducesproduces ll1crediblt::ll1crediblt:: skills,skills,skills,

bIrdsWeiWeiWei becomesbecomesbecomes ableableable tototo useuseuse rocksrocksrocks tototo knockknockknock birdsbirds outoutout ofofof thethethe sky,sky,sky, ororor eveneveneven tototo fellfellfell aaa crazedcrazedcrazed boar,boar,boar, withwithwith hIShiShiS strongstrongstrong armarmarm (Little(Little(Little BaseballBaseballBaseball HeroHeroHero [Part[Part[Part 11IjJJ 1970:1970:1970: 153-153- 167,167,153-167,

21-35: 3jLittleLittleLittle BaseballBaseballBaseball Hero,Hero,Hero, PartPartPart 222 1970'1970'1970' 21-35;21-35; LittleLittleLittle BaseballBaseballBaseball HeroHeroHero [Part[Part[Part J]J] 1970:1970:1970: 59-73).59-73).59-73).

WeiWei endsendsends upupup performll1gperformll1g goodgoodgood deedsdeedsdeeds forforfor thethethe baseballbaseballbaseball worldworldworld andandand thethethe largerlargerlargerWeI performmg stunnmgcommunitycommunitycommunity allallall overoverover Taiwan,Taiwan,Taiwan, butbutbut thethethe mostmostmost stunnll1gstunnll1g partpartpart ofofof thethethe storystorystory comescomescomes ininin hermIt hISPartPartPart 333 ofofof thethethe comic,comic,comic, whenwhenwhen thethethe mystenousmystenousmystenous hermithermit revealsrevealsreveals hiShiS storystorystory tototo WeI.WeI.WeI. HisHisHis

(£J[j~),(£)ti~),namenamename ISISIS WangWangWang YuanxuanYuanxuanYuanxuan (£)ti~), meaningmeaningmeaning literallyliterallyliterally "King"King"King ofofof thethethe Origll1alOrigll1alOrigll1al Players,"Players,"Players," andandand 303030 yearsyearsyears beforebeforebefore (that(that(that IS,IS,IS, 1940)1940)1940) hehehe hadhadhad beenbeenbeen oneoneone ofofof thethethe manymanymany TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese studentsstudentsstudents m InInIn ananan ImpossiblyImpossiblyImpossibly111111 thethethe colomalcolomalcolomal metropolemetropolemetropole ofofof Japan.Japan.Japan.

Imagmedchronologlzedchronologlzedchronologlzed andandand strangelystrangelystrangely Imagll1edImagll1ed episode,episode,episode, WangWangWang waswaswas inspiredinspiredinspired tototo jOinjOinjOin aaa JapaneseJapaneseJapanese all-starall-starall-star baseballbaseballbaseball teamteamteam thatthatthat wouldwouldwould bebebe playingplayingplaying aaa visitingvisitingvisiting AmericanAmericanAmerican

383838 AndrewAndre\'.'Andre\'.' .Morris.Morris.Morris

squad. reason, Talv·/an (!), Wei'sWei'sWei'sForForFor reason.thisthisthis reason. hehehe movedmovedmoved backbackback tototo Tal\"lanTal\"lan (!).(!). wherewherewhere hehehe metmetmet father.father.father. Tragically,Tragically, though, allallall nineninenine ofofof thethethe playersplayersplayers ononon thisthisthis teamteamteam \vere\vere\vere drafteddrafteddrafted bybyby

\varlords imo They allallall werewerewere wounded.wounded. lostlostlost armsarmsarms andandand legs.legs.legs.Japan'sJapan'sJapan's v/arlordsv/arlords intointo thethethe military.military.military. wounded, were baseball.baseball.baseball. ButButBut theytheythey allallall hadhadhad sons.sons.sons. andandand Wang'sWang'sWang'sandandand \-vere\-vere nonono longerlongerlonger ableableable tototo

!lndmissionmissionmission nownownow waswaswas tototo keepkeepkeep hishishis promisepromisepromise tototo Wei'sWei'sWei's deaddeaddead father-tofather-tofather-to findfind thesethesethese eighteighteight boysboysboys ininin orderorderorder tototo formformform aaa baseballbaseballbaseball teamteamteam thatthatthat couldcouldcould winwinwin revengerevengerevenge onceonceonce

this-~notandandand forforfor all.all.all. (And(And(And forforfor assistanceassistanceassistance ininin this-notthis-not tototo mentionmentionmention ideologicalideologicalideological covercovercover forforfor magazine- accompanied 1I1 Zhang,thethethe magazinc-magazinc- -hermit-hermit-hermit WangWangWang ISISIS acconlpaniedacconlpanied l!ll!l thethethe woodswoodswoods bybyby MrMrMr Zhang.Zhang. aaa

Baseba IIbespectacledbespectacledbespectacled bureaucratbureaucratbureaucrat fromfromfrom thethethe ROCROCROC BaseballBaseballBaseball AssociationAssociationAssociation [Little[Little[Little BaseballBaseball 62-66J.)HeroHeroHero {Pan{Pan{Pan J}J}J} 1970:1970:1970: 62-66].)62-66].)

(anti­ThisThisThis storylinestorylinestoryline amazesamazesamazes asasas ititit triestriestries tototo traversetraversetraverse territoryterritoryterritory bet\veenbet\veenbet\veen ChineseChineseChinese (3nti­(3nti­Japanese,Japanese.Japanese. eveneveneven anti-US.)anti-US.)anti-US.) nationalismnationalismnationalism andandand statismstatismstatism (see(see(see alsoalsoalso Wei'sWei'sWei's "China""China""China" jersey)jersey)jersey) andandand TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese collectivecollectivecollective nostalgianostalgianostalgia ofofof communitycommunitycommunity andandand strugglestrugglestruggle asasas

character-\vhichJapaneseJapaneseJapanese subjects.subjects.subjects. TheTheThe wild-hairedwild-hairedwild-haired Wang'sWang'sWang's character-whichcharacter-which combinescombinescombines RipRipRip VanVanVan Winkle,Winkle,Winkle, thethethe ultimatelyultimatelyultimately assimilatedassimilatedassimilated colonialcolonialcolonial subject.subject.subject. andandand thethethe avengingavengingavenging anti­anti­anti­JapaneseJapaneseJapanese menschmenschmensch ---was---was---was aaa brilliantbrilliantbrilliant waywayway forforfor PrincePrincePrince MagazineMagazineMagazine tototo sellsellsell aaa storystorystory ofofof

postcl)IOnla]suchsuchsuch postcl)lonla]postcl)lonla] pathospathospathos tototo aaa ChineseChineseChinese Taiwan.Taiwan.Taiwan. OneOneOne alsoalsoalso mightmightmight wonderwonderwonder aboutaboutabout story-unless,thethethe reasonsreasonsreasons forforfor aaa children'schildren'schildren's magazinemagazinemagazine tototo includeincludeinclude suchsuchsuch aaa heavyheavyheavy story--unless,story--unless,

l)f'l)f'l)I' course.course.course, thethethe onlyonlyonly storystorystory thatthatthat oneoneone could throughthroughthrough baseballbaseballbaseball waswaswas oneoneonec(Juldc(Juld telltelltell ofofof allllloss.alienation,alienation,alienation, longing,longing,longing, andand loss.loss.

The'The'The yearyearyear 197719771977 sawsawsaw thethethe (lrstfirstfirst formalformalformal entriesentriesentries intointointo whatwhatwhat wouldwouldwould becomebecomebecome aaa burgeoningburgeoningburgeoning fieldfieldfield ininin Taiwan,Taiwan,Taiwan, baseballbaseballbaseball literature.literature.literature. ItItIt isisis alsoalsoalso telling-giventelling-giventelling-given thethethe incredibleincredibleincredible performanceperformanceperformance ofofof Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's youthyouthyouth baseballbaseballbaseball teamsteamsteams forforfor almostalmostalmost aaa decadedecadedecade nownownow t hatthatthat bothbothboth of'of'of' thesethesethese shonshortshort storiesstoriesstories werewerewere writtenwrittenwritten fromfromfrom withinwithinwithin explicitexplicitexplicit

loss.notionsnotionsnotions ofofof humiliationhumiliationhumiliation andandand loss.loss. .. forced imaginationimaginationimagination ofofof aaa poorpoorpoor boy'sboy'sboy's traumatictraumatictraumatic participationparticipationparticipation ininin"Forced"Forced Out."Out."Out." ananan

elite-levelelite-levelelite-level baseball,baseball.baseball. wonwonwon firstlirstlirst prizeprizeprize ininin thethethe UnitedUnited DailyDailyDaily Nell'SNell'SNell'SUniled LiteratureLiteratureLiterature author. (/J\~!h thatthatthat year'syear'syear's Belles-LettresBelles-LettresBelles-LettresCompetition,Competition,Competition, andandand itsitsits author,author, XiaoyeXiaoyeXiaoye (/J\j!f),(/J\j!f), wonwonwon

CrumMedalMedalMedal l'rl)I)1l'rl)I)1 Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's ChinaChinaChina ArtArtArt andandand LiteratureLiteratureLiterature Association.Association.Association. InInIn otherotherother words,words,words, thisthisthis storystorystory diddiddid notnotnot appearappearappear asasas aaa \\lork,minorminorminor work.work. butbutbut clearlyclearlyclearly spokespokespoke tototo dominantdominantdominant notionsnotionsnotions ofofof howhow baseballbaseballbaseball litlit intointointo nationalnationalnational andandand personalpersonalpersonal imaginationsimaginationsimaginations atatat thatthatthathmv fit nll)ment.nll)ment.

TheTheThe entireentireentire storystorystory takestakes placeplaceplace«Ikes duringduringduring thethethe coursecoursecourse ofofof aaa singlesinglesingle at-bat,at-bat,at-bat, asasas thethethe readerreaderreader experiencesexperiencesexperiences withwithwith protagonistprotagonistprotagonist A-UtiA-UtiA-cai (f5OjnH!~')OjnH!~')nIlH) hishishis painfulpainfulpainful recollectionsrecollectionsrecollections andandand rellectionsrellectionsrellections ononon hishishis involvementinvolvementinvolvement ininin thethethe game.game.game. WhenWhenWhen A-caiA-caiA-cai comescomescomes tototo batbatbat

nllHllen 1.

the Eagles,withwithwith tthehe chancechancechance tototo winwinwin thethethe TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan championshipchampionshipchampionship forforfor hishishis DivineDivineDivine Eagles.Eagles. hehehe llluch moremoremore hishishis mind.mind.mind. ThereThereThere isisis A-cai'sA-cai'sA-cai's understandingunderstandingunderstanding thatthatthat winningwinningwinninghashashas muchmuch ononon

thisthisthis titletitletitle wouldwouldwould bebebe hishishis onlyonlyonly chancechancechance tototo evereverever visitvisitvisit America.America.America. ButButBut muchmuchmuch weightierweightierweightier werewerewere Catherthethethe knowledgeknowledgeknowledge thatthatthat hishishis fatherfather hadhadhad betbetbet NT$200,OOONT$200,OOONT$200,OOO (US$5000)(US$5000)(US$5000) ononon thethethe opposingojJjJosingojJjJosing teamteamteam tototo win,win,win, andandand alsoalsoalso thethethe horriblehorriblehorrible memorymemorymemory ofofof hishishis sistersistersister beingbeingbeing givengivengiven away Cather's debts,mvaymvay tototo ananan evilevilevil neighborneighborneighbor tototo settlesettlesettle hishishis father'sfather's previouspreviousprevious gamblinggamblinggambling debts.debts. onlyonlyonly tototo diediedie aaa horriblehorriblehorrible deathdeathdeath soonsoonsoon after.after.after. A-caiA-caiA-cai seethesseethesseethes withwithwith feelingsfeelingsfeelings ofofof powerless­powerless­powerless­ness, regret.ness.ness. regret,regret, humiliation,humiliation,humiliation, andandand dreamsdreamsdreams ofofof revengerevengerevenge asasas hehehe findsfindsfinds himselfhimselfhimself ininin aaa fullfullfull ClHIIlClHIl1ClHIl1 t.t.t.

lert field.EvenEvenEven afterafterafter hehehe hitshitshits thethethe ballballball intointointo farfarfar leftleft field,field, though,though,though, thethethe horrorhorrorhorror pursuespursuespursues himhimhim

jj 970s970s JJOROsOROs .... Chinese'Chinese' Baseball and ifS fll\'rnfH,'*nl/970s IOROs "Chinese' Liu!"

allallall thethethe waywayway aroundaroundaround thethethe bases---"Farbases---"Farbases---"Far awayawayaway AmencaAmencaAmenca [[[ .... jl'mjl'm goinggoing t,)t,) whipwhip. ,I I'm h)

themthemthem al!~"al!~"al!~" "Father"Father"Father don'tdon'tdon't blameblameblame me.me. I'llI'll bebe aaa goodgoodgood tllialtllial son,"son," "ox-headed"ox-headed"ox-headed andandand [ J calling homehomehome thethethe soulssoulssouls ofofof tlwtlw dead,"dead," "a"a"a ternHternHternH ofofof

me, l'lllx: !1hal son." horse-facedhorse-facedhorse-faced demonsdemonsdemons [1[1 the dead." death. 100kll1g A-.Jll1's [ lYdeath,death, likelikelike lookinglooking atatat A-JIn'sA-JIn's mutilatedmutilatedmutilated littlelittlelittle corpsecorpsecorpse tt...... .r.r.r ('(('( HsiaoHsiaoHsiao 1982:1982:1982: 139-151.139-151.139-151. XlaoyeXlaoyeXlaoye 1979'1979'1979' 72-87).72-87),72-87), [-until[-until hehehe IS,IS,IS, nt h\)meofofof course,course,course, taggedtaggedtagged outoutout atat homehome plate]plate]plate]

TheTheThe storystorystory ISISIS aaa pall1fulpall1fulpall1ful oneoneone tototo reall.reall. ButButBut ourourour mainmain concernconcernconcern isisis th,,'th,,' thoroughnessthoroughnessread, maIn the t!wroughness WIthWIthWIth whichwhich thethethe manymanymany mIseriesmIseries andandand humilIationshumilIations sufTeredsufTeredsufTered bybyby thosethosethose residentsresidentsresidents ofofof TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan notnotnot ISland's

\\'hlch mlsenes humiliallons luckyluckylucky ororor savvysavvysavvy enoughenoughenough tototo taketaketake advantageadvantageadvantage ofofof thethethe Island'sIsland's "eco­"eco­"eco­

nomIcnomIcnomIc miracle"miracle"miracle" cancancan bebebe understood.understood,understood, andandand IIIIIIIn medal-wll1nll1gmedal-wll1nll1g ways,ways, throughthroughthroughmedal-wInnll1g ways. baseballbaseballbaseball

In more,Finally,Finally,Finally, thethethe author'sauthor'sauthor's notesnotesnotes IIIIII aaa 200520052005 anthologyanthologyanthology clanfyclanfyclanfy eveneveneven more.more. Twenty­Twenty­Twenty­eighteighteight yearsyearsyears afterafterafter thethethe publIcatIonpublIcatIon ofofof thISthISthIS landmarklandmarklandmark story,story,story, XiaoyeXiaoyeXiaoye camecamecame cleancleancleanpubllcatlon

technll'al 111lstakes In story,withwithwith ananan apologyapologyapology forforfor technIcaltechnIcal mIstakesmIstakes hehehe hadhadhad mademademade mm thethethe story.story. HeHeHe admIttedadmIttedadmItted In thethethe sItuatIonsItuatIon hehehe hadhadhad Imagmed,Imagmed,Situation A-CillA-Cill C\)uldC\)uldthatthatthat hehehe hadhadhad sincesincesince learnedlearnedlearned thatthatthat 111111 Imagll1ed, A-cal could

horneonlyonlyonly havehavehave beenbeenbeen taggedtaggedtagged outoutout atatat homehome plateplateplate andandand notnotnot "forced"forced"forced out"out"out" (an(an(an awkwardawkwardawkward SInce thiS waswaswas HeHeHe alsoalsoalso hadhadhad "learned""learned""learned" thatthatthatmistakemistakemistake sll1cesll1ce thISthIS thethethe titletitletitle ofofof thethethe story)story)story)

baserunnersbaserunnersbaserunners areareare notnotnot allowedallowedallowed tototo leaveleaveleave theIrtheIrtheIr basesbasesbases untiluntiluntil afterafterafter aaa ballballball hithithit InInIn tthehe 1m1mthe all' 32), Include thiS pOint only for ItSfallsfallsfalls tototo thethethe groundgroundground (Xiaoye(Xiaoye(Xiaoye 2005'2005'2005' 32).32). III lI1cludelI1clude thISthIS pOIntpOInt hereherehere onon lyly fcnfcn ItsIts

absurdity,absurdity,absurdity, nonono oneoneone withwithwith thethethe slimmestslimmest acquall1tanceacquall1tance \vlth\vlth thethethe gamegamegame couldcouldcould thlllkthlllksllmmest acquaIntance \\'Ith thInk thatthatthat thISthISthIS waswaswas true.true.true. TheTheThe authorauthorauthor \vho\vho wrotewrote asasas "XIaoye""XIaoye" (the(the(the Chll1eseChll1ese pronuncI­pronuncI­\\'ho \vrote "Xlaoye" ChInese prolllInCI­ationation ofofof thethethe JapaneseJapaneseJapanese surnamesurnamesurname ano),ano), waswaswas aaa graduategraduategraduate bIologybIologybIology stst udentudent fromfromfromatlon Ono). student

(*m) \\'ho nothIngTaipeiTaipeiTaipei namednamednamed LILILI YuanYuanYuan (*.1&)(*.1&) whowho seemedseemedseemed tototo knowknowknow nothll1gnothll1g aboutaboutabout baseball,baseball,baseball, otherotherother thanthanthan itsitsits unmatchedunmatchedunmatched powerpowerpower 111111111 humIliations,summonll1gsummonll1gsummonll1g thethethe humlliations,humlliations, fearsfearsfears andandand VIOlenceVIOlenceVIOlence ofof TaIwan'sTaIwan's recentrecentrecent history.history.history.

AnotherAnotherAnother importantimportantimportant baseballbaseballbaseball shortshortshort story-"Thestory-"Thestory-"The Invader."Invader."Invader." bybyby HSlcn-hao ofTal\van's

HSlen-haoHSlen-hao (J.@mjUfii).(J~)iJ\t.;If~n, renownedLiaoLiaoLiao (J~)iJ\t.;If~n, nownownow aaa renO\vnedrenO\vned professorprofessorprofessor ofofof literatureliteratureliterature atatat NationalNationalNational TaIwanTaIwanTaIwan

1977,University-wasUniversity-wasUniversity-was publishedpublishedpublished duringduringduring thisthisthis samesamesame yearyearyear ofofof 1977.1977. ThISThISThIS storystorystory ISISIS alsoalsoalso pItcher, chIldhoodwrittenwrittenwritten fromfromfrom thethethe perspectiveperspectiveperspective ofofof aaa standoutstandoutstandout youngyoungyoung pitcher,pitcher, whosewhosewhose chlldhoodchlldhood

ISISIS scarredscarredscarred foreverforeverforever bybyby baseballbaseballbaseball ininin aaa differentdilferentdilferent way, ThISThIS boyboyboy ISISIS namednamednamedway.way. ThiS (fl,/l·.). III Talw,Hl," I'llI' chIidrcllllfTalshengTalshengTalsheng (fill·,).(fill·,). literallyliterallyliterally "born"born"born Il1Il1 Taiwan."Taiwan." aaa commoncommoncommon namenamename furfur chIldrenchIldren oror

postwar mall1lander a\varcncss Pllstcu­post\varpost\var mallliandermallliander emigres.emigres.emigres. andandand hehehe hashashas aaa child'schild'schild's ,i\vareness,i\vareness ofofof thethethe postco­postco­10lmdlonIallonIal tenSIOns InInIn TaIwan thethesurroundlI1gsurroundlI1g the JapaneseJapaneseJapanese andandand theirtheirtheir lastinglastinglastingTal\vantensIOnstensIOns Tal\van surroundll1g culturalculturalcultural presencepresencepresence IIIInIn TaiwanTaIwanTaIwan TheTheThe storystorystory ISISIS setsetset InInIII 197()197()197() (the(the(the yearyearyear ofofof thethethe SevenSevenSeven

Willlamspon Taipei mIiitHry hOlls­Tigers'Tigers'Tigers' epicepicepic WilliamsportWilliamsport defeatdefeatdefeat describeddescribeddescribed above)above)above) InInIn aaa TaIpeiTaIpei mIlitarymIlitary hous­hous­IllgIngIng complexcomplexcomplex (juancu17(juancu17(juancu17 fft·j )--likely aaa literaryliteraryliterary deVicedeVicedeVice thatthatthat allowedallowedallowed)-likely)-likely thiSthiSthiS

"maIlllander" With "Tiliwanese"second-generationsecond-generationsecond-generation "maInlander""maInlander" tototo comecomecome IntoIntoInto contactcontactcontact WIthWIth thethethe "Tillwanese""Tillwanese" gamegamegame ofofof basebabasebabaseba 111111

TheTheThe maInmaInmaIn narrativenarrativenarrative followsfollowsfollows TalshengTalshengTalsheng overoverover thethethe coursecoursecourse ofofof hIShIShIS preparationpreparationpreparation forfor aaa bIgbIgbIg gamegamegame WIthWIthWIth aaa vIsItingvIsItingvIsIting JapaneseJapaneseJapanese youthyouthyouth baseballbaseballbaseball teamteamteam fromfromfrom Ise.Ise.Ise. andandand overoverover

1'01'

With Taiwanesethethethe blossomingblossomingblossoming ofofof aaa childhoodchildhoodchildhood romanceromanceromance WIthWIth thethethe Tal\vaneseTal\vanese girlgirlgirl nextnextnext doordoordoor HeHeHe hurtshurts hIShIShIS leftleftleft shouldershouldershoulder practicIng,practicIng, andandand prayspraysprays atatat thethethe householdhouseholdhousehold altaraltaraltar thatthatthat hehehe wIllwIllhuns practICIng. wIiI stil] "a\,,/e"stillstill bebebe ableableable tototo pitchpitchpitch wellwellwell andandand tototo "a\\'e""a\\'e" YingziYingziYingzi nextnextnext door.door.door. SheSheShe dressesdressesdresses upupup likelikelike aaa

big game. loses,beautifulbeautifulbeautiful bndebndebnde forforfor thethethe bIgbIg game,game, whichwhichwhich Talsheng'sTalsheng'sTalsheng's teamteamteam loses.loses. AtAtAt thethethe post­post­post­pany, Yingzl little Talsheng talkInggamegamegame party,party, YingZlYingZl hashashas litt1elitt1e tototo saysaysay tototo TalshcngTalshcng andandand endsendsends upupup talklI1gtalklI1g tototo thethethe

404040 AndrewAndrewAndrew Morn~<;Morn~<;Morris

ofofof thethethe JapaneseJapaneseJapanese side.side.side. WhenWhenWhen hehehe cancancan taketaketake nonono more,more,more, TaishengTaishengTaisheng screamsscreamsscreams atatat her,her,her, ininin Taiwanese,Taiwanese,Taiwanese, tototo gogogo marrymarrymarry thethethe guy.guy.guy. SoonSoonSoon after,after,after, hishishis fatherfatherfather isisis transferredtransferredtransferred tototo Banqiao,Banqiao,Banqiao, andandand hehehe nevernevernever seesseessees YingziYingziYingzi againagainagain (Liao(Liao(Liao 2005:2005:2005: 48-77).48-77).48-77).

AAA TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese authorauthorauthor ininin 199219921992 wentwentwent sososo farfarfar asasas tototo sumsumsum upupup thethethe historyhistoryhistory ofofof TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan baseballbaseballbaseball withwithwith thethethe CzechCzechCzech wordwordword fitosl,fitosl,fitosl, defineddefineddefined bybyby writerwriterwriter MilanMilanMilan KunderaKunderaKundera asasas "the"the"the synthesissynthesissynthesis ofofof manymanymany [feelings]:[feelings]: grief,grief,grief, sympathy,sympathy,sympathy,(feelings]: remorse,remorse,remorse, andandand ananan indefinableindefinableindefinable longingt Jlonging[longing[......... jj aaa statestatestate ofofof tormenttormenttorment causedcausedcaused bybyby aaa suddensuddensudden insightinsightinsight intointointo one'sone'sone's ownownown

self'self'self' (Kundera(Kundera(Kundera 1981: 121-122).121-122).121-122). OnlyOnlyOnly thisthisthis conceptconceptconcept li-tuo-simiserablemiserablemiserable 198198 I:I: ofofof Ii-tuo-siIi-tuo-si OJOJ()J~l5'£)~l5i[), thethethe authorauthorauthor claimed,claimed,claimed, couldcouldcould helphelphelp makemakeususus make sensesensesense ofofof aaa historyhistoryhistory thatthatthat~l5i[),,

includedinclincl udeduded Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's lovelovelove forforfor andandand resistanceresistanceresistance againstagainstagainst thethethe Japanese,Japanese,Japanese, andandand sososo manymanymany players'players'players' laterlaterlater suicidessuicidessuicides andandand deathsdeathsdeaths dueduedue tototo alcoholalcoholalcohol andandand drugdrugdrug abuse.abuse.abuse. EvenEvenEven WuWuWu MMM intian,intian,intian, thethethe celebratedcelebratedcelebrated championshipchampionshipchampionship coachcoachcoach mentionedmentionedmentioned above,above,above, dieddieddied estrangedestrangedestranged fromfromfrom hishishis family,family,family, poorpoorpoor andandand alonealonealone ononon thethethe islandislandisland ofofof Jinmen,Jinmen,Jinmen, tototo

litoslthethethe everlastingeverlastingeverlasting litostlitost ofofof hishishis hometownhometownhometown JiayiJiayiJiayi (Yan(Yan(Yan 1992:1992:1992: 32-35).32-35).32-35). ThisThisThis ChinaChinaChina TrihuneTrihuneTrihune piecepiecepiece waswaswas titledtitledtitled "A"A"A NewNewNew FormulationFormulationFormulation forforfor Identity";Identity";Identity"; ititit isisis tellingtellingtelling thatthatthat thisthisthis authorauthorauthor seeksseeksseeks tototo frameframeframe TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese history,history,history, culturecultureculture andandand identityidentityidentity withinwithinwithin thisthisthis KunderanKunderanKunderan condition.condition.condition.

OneOneOne cancancan alsoalsoalso profitprofitprofit fromfromfrom thisthisthis analysisanalysisanalysis ininin lookinglookinglooking atatat twotwotwo baseball-relatedbaseball-relatedbaseball-related mid-to-Iatefilmsfilmsfilms thatthatthat werewerewere releasedreleasedreleased ininin TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan ininin thethethe mid-to-latemid-to-late 1980s.1980s.1980s. TheTheThe firstfirstfirst isisis "Taipei"Taipei"Taipei

T~#fJYTI~),I~),Story"Story"Story" (Qingmei(Qingmei(Qingmei zhumazhumazhuma T~-fffJYrT~-fffJYrI~), aaa 198519851985 filmfilmfilm mademademade bybyby EdwardEdwardEdward YangYangYang (Yang(Yang(Yang +~i.J&l (§)t~1) aboutaboutabout TaipeiTaipeiTaipei modernitymodernitymodernity andandand itsitsits discontents.discontents.discontents. TheTheThe filmfilmfilmDechangDechangDechang +~i.i&!+~i.i&! t~1) co­co­co­

starsstarsstars singingsingingsinging idolidolidol TsaiTsaiTsai ChinChinChin (Cai(Cai(Cai QinQinQin ~%~)~%~)~%~) asasas A-zhen,A-zhen,A-zhen, ananan employeeemployeeemployee ofofof aaa modernmodernmodern architecturalarchitecturalarchitectural firmfirmfirm whowhowho isisis laidlaidlaid offoff andandand soonsoonsoon engagesengagesengages ininin aaa seedyseedyseedy afrair-,afrair-, abortion-abortion-abortion- andandand alcohol-soakedalcohol-soakedalcohol-soaked raceracerace tototo thethethe bottombottombottom ofofof Taipei'sTaipei'sTaipei's "miracle.""miracle.""miracle." WhatWhatWhat isisis interestinginterestinginteresting isisis thethethe choicechoicechoice tototo havehavehave suchsuchsuch aaa depressingdepressingdepressing scenarioscenarioscenario alsoalsoalso revolverevolverevolve aroundaroundaround thethethe sagasagasaga ofofof thisthisthis woman'swoman'swoman's boyfriendboyfriendboyfriend A-long,A-long,A-long, aaa washed-upwashed-upwashed-up formerformerformer LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague BaseballBaseballBaseball heroherohero playedplayedplayed bybyby thethethe legendarylegendarylegendary directordirectordirector HouHouHou Hsiao­Hsiao­Hsiao­

olT affair-,

1*4~jf).hsienhsienhsien (Hou(Hou(Hou XiaoxianXiaoxianXiaoxian 1*$:lilf).1*$:lilf). A-longA-longA-long isisis useless,useless,useless, goodgoodgood forforfor littlelittlelittle moremoremore thanthanthan dreamingdreamingdreaming ofofof movingmovingmoving tototo LosLosLos Angeles,Angeles,Angeles, watchingwatchingwatching oldoldold videotapesvideotapesvideotapes ofofof JapaneseJapaneseJapanese andandand AmericanAmericanAmerican professionalprofessionalprofessional baseballbaseballbaseball games,games,games, andandand startingstartingstarting fightsfightsfights withwithwith yuppiesyuppiesyuppies whowhowho askaskask himhimhim aboutaboutabout hishishis formerformerformer stardom.stardom.stardom. HeHeHe passespassespasses hishishis timetimetime visitingvisitingvisiting anotheranotheranother washed-upwashed-upwashed-up loser,loser,loser, ananan oldoldold teammateteammateteammate (played(played(played bybyby directordirectordirector andandand screenwriterscreenwriterscreenwriter WuWuWu

R~Jj;.])~Z:~])Nien-jenNien-jenNien-jen [Wu[Wu[Wu NianzhenNianzhenNianzhen ~Z:~]) whowhowho destroyeddestroyeddestroyed hishishis armarmarm throwingthrowingthrowing curveballscurveballscurveballs asasas aaa youngyoungyoung boy.boy.boy. TheyTheyThey playplayplay sadsadsad gamesgamesgames ofofof catchcatchcatch ininin emptyemptyempty concreteconcreteconcrete rooms,rooms,rooms, andandand thethethe friend,friend,friend, whowhowho isisis beingbeingbeing cuckoldedcuckoldedcuckolded conspicuouslyconspicuouslyconspicuously andandand whowhowho hashashas problemsproblemsproblems eveneveneven feedingfeedingfeeding hishishis manymanymany children,children,children, cancancan onlyonlyonly remember:remember:remember: "Practice!"Practice!"Practice! Practice!Practice!Practice! Williamsport!Williamsport!Williamsport! ......... BeenBeenBeen allallall downhilldownhilldownhill sincesincesince III leftleftleft thethethe army."army."army."

HouHouHou playsplaysplays thisthisthis sadnesssadnesssadness andandand alienationalienationalienation wellwellwell (although(although(although shotsshotsshots ofofof himhimhim swingingswingingswinging imaginaryimaginaryimaginary batsbatsbats ininin quietquietquiet melancholymelancholymelancholy revealrevealreveal trulytrulytruly poorpoorpoor technique),technique),technique), andandand Tsai'sTsai'sTsai's

l1awedownownown sadsadsad andandand flawedflawed beautybeautybeauty seemsseemsseems appropriateappropriateappropriate tototo thethethe story.story.story. ShotsShotsShots ofofof aaa Presi­Presi­Presi­dentialdentialdential PlacePlacePlace litlitlit upupup forforfor nationalnationalnational celebrationcelebrationcelebration andandand ofofof wildwildwild youthyouthyouth ridingridingriding motor­motor­motor­cyclescyclescycles andandand frolickingfrolickingfrolicking tototo KennyKennyKenny Loggins'sLoggins'sLoggins's "Footloose""Footloose""Footloose" createcreatecreate ananan imageimageimage ofofof TaipeiTaipeiTaipei prosperityprosperityprosperity andandand happinesshappinesshappiness thatthatthat evadesevadesevades thethethe losersloserslosers ofofof 1985,1985,1985, representedrepresentedrepresented revealinglyrevealinglyrevealingly hereherehere bybyby formerformerformer baseballbaseballbaseball players.players.players. ForForFor aaa filmfilmfilm thatthatthat containscontainscontains suchsuchsuch longlonglong andandand probingprobingprobing shots,shots,shots, A-long'sA-long'sA-long's endendend comescomescomes fairlyfairlyfairly suddenly;suddenly;suddenly; hehehe isisis stabbedstabbedstabbed twicetwicetwice ininin

1970s-1970:;-1970:;- /980s/980s/980s BaseballBaseball ifSifSifS dLw'on1enIS 414141

thethethe backbackback bybyby aaa youngyoungyoung manmanman whowhowho ISISIS A-zhen.A-zhen.A-zhen. StuckStuckStuck outoutout ininin thethethe suburbssuburbssuburbs thIS prosperity. allthatthatthat ofofof coursecoursecourse representrepresentrepresent thisthis newnewnew prosperity,prosperity, aliali cancancan dododo isisis sitsitsit downdowndown ononon

curb. CIgarette. and. Imagesthethethe curb,curb, bleed.bleed.bleed. smokesmokesmoke aaa CIgarette,CIgarette, and,and, asasas hehehe imaginesimaginesimagines lInageslInages ofofof hiShiShiS LittleLittleLittle VICtory t~)rLeagueLeagueLeague vICtoryvICtory paradeparadeparade 151515 yearsyearsyears prevIousprevIousprevIous playmgplaymgplaymg ononon thethethe TVTVTV setsetset lenlenlen outoutout forfor

garbagegarbagegarbage pickup,pickup,pickup, diediedie (Taipei(Taipei(Taipei StoryStoryStory 1985).1985).1985). Edv.'ard ethnIcally II possible sllch.Ed\vardEd\vard YangYangYang \vas\vas\vas notnotnot ethnicallyethnically Tai\vanese,Tai\vanese,Tai\vanese, andandand ItIt ISISIS pl)ssiblepl)ssible thatthatthat asasas such,such,

hehehe hadhadhad littlelittlelittle personalpersonalpersonal engagementengagementengagement withwithwith thethethe gamegamegame ofofof baseball.baseball.baseball. TheTheThe fllmfllm "Taipei"Taipei"Taipei Story"Story"Story" mmm ItselfItselfItself hadhadhad veryveryvery littlelittlelittle tototo dododo withwithwith baseball:baseball:baseball: thethethe storystorystory ofofof losslossloss andandand

111m

alienatlon real part TaIpei'salienationalienation thatthatthat YangYangYang wantswantswants ususus tototo understandunderstandunderstand asasas aaa reHlreHl pHnpHn ofofof Taipei'sTaipei's miracu­miracu­miracu­modernizatIon l)rlouslouslous modernizationmodernization couldcouldcould havehavehave beenbeenbeen toldtoldtold perfectlyperfectlyperfectly wellwellwell usingusingusing anyanyany numbernumbernumber ofof

mterestmg. perl'ectprofessionsprofessionsprofessions ororor backbackback stones.stones.stones. ItItIt isisis lI1terestmg,lI1terestmg, then,then,then, thatthatthat ititit mademademade suchsuchsuch perrectperrect*k. 'l()sensesensesense forforfor YangYangYang andandand screenwriterscreenwriterscreenwriter ChuChuChu Tien-wenTien-wenTien-wen (Zhu(Zhu(Zhu TianwenTianwenTianwen **kk 't)'t) tototo gIve partlcular experience, Again.givegive A-longA-longA-long thisthisthis particularparticular experience.experience. Again,Again, whywhywhy havehavehave losslossloss andandand painpainpain mmm

Taiwan efTectively-andmodernmodernmodern Tai\vanTai\van beenbeenbeen imagmedimagmedimagmed andandand rememberedrememberedremembered sososo effectively-amIeffectively-amI oftenoftenoften bybyby Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's "mainlander""mainlander" artists-throughartists-through itsitsits ovmovm "national"national"national game"?game"?game"?"mamlander" artIsts-through own

investIgate TaIwanese lilm "Struggle." mildeAAA finalfinalfinal exampleexampleexample tototo investigateinvestigate hereherehere isisis thethethe Tal\vaneseTal\vanese filmfilm "Struggle,""Struggle," mademade Il1 fictional GIWInIn 198819881988 asasas ananan oddlyoddlyoddly conceivedconceivedconceived ficttonalficttonal bioplcbioplcbioplc ofTal\vaneseofTal\vaneseofTal\vanese baseballbaseballbaseball starstarstar Gllt)Gllt)

m eight h or hISYuanzhl,Yuanzhl,Yuanzhl, thethethe formerformerformer GoldenGoldenGolden DragonDragonDragon LLBLLBLLB starstarstar thenthenthen InIn thethethe eightheighth yearyearyear ofof hbhb "hImself"careercareercareer withwithwith thethethe ChunichlChunichlChunichl DragonsDragonsDragons ininin JapanJapanJapan (and(and(and whowhowho playedplayedplayed "himself""himself" ininin thethethe

film). ofa \vatchll1g111m).111m). TheTheThe filmfilmfilm beginsbeginsbegins withwithwith ananan extendedextendedextended shotshotshot ofof aa manmanman watchmgwatchmg bitterlybitterlybitterly Guo'sGuo'sGuo's hittll1g(known(known(known theretherethere asasas KakuKakuKaku Genji)Genji)Genji) pitchingpitchingpitching andandand hittinghitting exploitsexploitsexploits ononon television.television.television. WeWeWe

soonsoonsoon learnlearnlearn thatthatthat thethethe voyeurvoyeurvoyeur isisis Guo/Kaku'sGuo/Kaku'sGuo/Kaku's fictionalfictionalfictional chIldhoodchIldhoodchIldhood fnendfnendfnend andandand longtimelongtimelongtime catchercatchercatcher A-deA-deA-de (15iiHJ§),O)ilJi~), whowhowho isisis quittmgquittingquitting baseballbaseballbaseball afterafterafter bemgbemg cutcutcut bybybyO)ilJi~), bell1g

fnendChunichi.Chunichi.Chunichi. TheTheThe nextnextnext Guo/KakuGuo/KakuGuo/Kaku hearshearshears aboutaboutabout hishishis frIendfrIend isisis fromfromfrom theIrtheIrtheIr childhoodchildhoodchildhood comIlllttedteacher,teacher,teacher, whowhowho hashashas tototo breakbreakbreak thethethe newsnewsnews thatthatthat down-and-outdown-and-outdown-and-out A-deA-deA-de hashashas committedcommitted

twotwotwo gangganggang murdersmurdersmurders backbackback ininin TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan andandand hashashas beenbeenbeen sentencedsentencedsentenced tototo death.death.death. MostMostMost ofofof thethethe filmfilmfilm consistsconsistsconsists ofofof longlonglong flashbacksflashbacksflashbacks ofofof thethethe twotwotwo men'smen'smen's childhoodchildhoodchildhood

friendshipfriendshipfriendship andandand baseballbaseballbaseball toils,toils,toils, andandand playsplaysplays asasas aaa muchmuchmuch moremoremore typicaltypicaltypical rags-to-riches,rags-to-riches,rags-to-riches, poor-kids-hitting-a-tire-with-a-batpoor-kids-hitting-a-tire-with-a-batpoor-kids-hitting-a-tire-with-a-bat versionversionversion ofofof thethethe TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese Dream.Dream.Dream. WeWeWe

capitalistlearnlearnlearn howhowhow thethethe twotwotwo learnlearnlearn truetruetrue disciplinedisciplinediscipline (mirroring,(mirroring,(mirroring, ofofof course,course,course, thethethe capItalistcapItalist narratIvenarratIvenarratIve ofofof indivIdualindivIdualindivIdual efTonefTon andandand successsuccesssuccess sososo domll1Hntlfldomll1Hntlfl 1980s1980s1980s 'ral\van)'ral\van) fromfromfromeffort domll1Hnt 111 '1";II\Van)

111 batteryaaa crustycrustycrusty oldoldold coachcoachcoach andandand comecomecome tototo excelexcelexcel InIn baseballbaseballbaseball asasas aaa pitcher-catcherpitcher-catcherpitcher-catcher h;ltteryh;lttery forforfor allall time.time.time. OnceOnceOnce more,more, though,though, thethethe vIewervIewervIewer ISISIS amazedamazedamazed tototo seesee howhowhow thISthIS moremoremoreal1 more. though. sec thIS

lI1to film cndll1gstaIdstaIdstaId "baseball""baseball""baseball" storystorystory ISISIS shoehornedshoehornedshoehorned ll1toll1to suchsuchsuch utterutterutter tragedy,tragedy,tragedy, thethethe lilmlilm endll1gendll1g withwithwith Guo/KakuGuo/KakuGuo/Kaku fallingfallingfalling tototo hishishis kneeskneesknees ononon aaa JapaneseJapaneseJapanese beachbeachbeach whenwhenwhen hehehe "hears""hears""hears" thethethe government'sgovernment'sgovernment's bulletsbulletsbullets flredflred lI1tolI1to hishishis lifelonglifelonglifelong friendfriendfriend backbackback InIn HuallanHuallanHuallan InIn easterneasterneastern TaIwanTaIwanTaIwan (Struggle(Struggle(Struggle 1988)1988)1988)

flredll1to 1I1 m

readIng t heTheseTheseThese examplesexamplesexamples areareare CItedCItedCIted onceonceonce agall1agall1agall1 tototo proVideproVideproVide aaa fullfullfull readingreading ofofof thethe base­base­base­triumphaltsrnballballball triumphstriumphstriumphs ofofof thethethe 1970s-1980s.1970s-1980s.1970s-1980s. BeyondBeyondBeyond thethethe predictablepredictablepredictable triumphallsrntriumphallsrn ofofof

artIsts mostmostmostthethethe statestatestate andandand itsitsits Ideologues,Ideologues,Ideologues, Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's artistsartists andandand consumersconsumersconsumers seemedseemedseemed comfortablecomfortablecomfortable WIthWIthWIth narrativesnarrativesnarratives thatthatthat includedincludedincluded withinwithinwithin baseballbaseballbaseball thethethe pall1,pall1,pall1, losslossloss andandand humiliationshumiliationshumiliations thatthatthat membersmembersmembers ofofof modernmodernmodern TaIwaneseTaIwaneseTaIwanese socIetysocIety hadhadhad experiencedexperiencedexperienced

several decades---"equal "Free"Free"Free SOCIety

overoverover thethethe lastlastlast severa]severa] decades-"equaldecades-"equal treatmenttreatmenttreatment underunderunder thethethe emperor,"emperor,"emperor," Chma,"Chma,"Chma," "economic"economic"economic miracle,"miracle,"miracle," lnororor not.not.not. InIn thethethe casecasecase ofofof modernmodernmodern Taiwan,Taiwan,Taiwan, ititit shouldshouldshould seemseemseem quitequitequite clearclearclear thatthatthat thethethe onlyonlyonly honesthonesthonest narrativenarrativenarrative wouldwouldwould bebebe oneoneone thatthatthat includedincludedincluded

424242 AndrewAndrewAndrew MorrisMorrisMorris

sadness,sadness,sadness, regret,regret,regret, violence,violence,violence, hubris,hubris,hubris, andandand lies.lies.lies. CouldCouldCould anyanyany subjectsubjectsubject encapsulateencapsulateencapsulate thesethesethese <{geuet<{geuet spaces"spaces"spaces" andandand nationalnationalnational embarrassmentsembarrassmentsembarrassments moremoremore thanthanthan baseball?baseball?"gecret baseball"

"Fellowship"Fellowship"Fellowship ofofof thethethe Flawed,'"Flawed,'" PartPartPart II:II:II: CheatersCheatersCheaters

"1981:"1981:"1981: TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan creditscreditscredits theirtheirtheir fifthfifthfifth LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague WorldWorldWorld SeriesSeriesSeries champion­champion­champion­shipshipship ininin aaa rowrowrow withwithwith theirtheirtheir abilityabilityability tototo retainretainretain mostmostmost ofofof thethethe samesamesame playersplayersplayers fromfromfrom theirtheirtheir 197719771977 squad."squad."squad."

thethethe thirdthirdthird ofofof eighteighteight "Great"Great"Great MomentsMomentsMoments InInIn LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague WorldWorldWorld SeriesSeriesSeries History."History."History."

Flawed,""

TheTheThe OnionOnionOnion (2006)(2006)(2006)

1nInIn 1971,1971,1971, "Legendary"Legendary"Legendary Lloyd"Lloyd"Lloyd" McClendonMcClendonMcClendon andandand hishishis teamteamteam fromfromfrom Gary,Gary,Gary, Indiana,Indiana,Indiana, facedfacedfaced thethethe TainanTainanTainan GiantsGiantsGiants ininin thethethe championshipchampionshipchampionship gamegamegame ininin Williamsport.Williamsport.Williamsport. TheTheThe flve­flve­flve­foot-cight-inch-tallfoot-eight-inch-tallfoot-eight-inch-tall McClendonMcClendonMcClendon putputput GaryGaryGary ininin frontfrontfront withwithwith ananan earlyearlyearly homehomehome runrunrun (his(his(his fifthfifthfifth ininin fivefivefive WorldWorldWorld SeriesSeriesSeries at-bats!),at-bats!),at-bats!), butbutbut thethethe Giants'Giants'Giants' ownownown phenom,phenom,phenom, five-foot­five-foot­five-foot­four-inch-tallfour-inch-tallfour-inch-tall pitcherpitcherpitcher XuXuXu JinmuJinmuJinmu Uiq:~*),Uiq:~*),Uft·~*), knownknownknown throughoutthroughoutthroughout TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan asasas "Buckteeth""Buckteeth""Buckteeth" (nnl?-khi-a(nn~-khi-(j WJ~ff), waswaswas ableableable tototo overpoweroverpoweroverpower hishishis opponentsopponentsopponents andandand(nnl?-khi-a Wi~H),Wi~H),

leadleadlead TainanTainanTainan tototo aaa nine-inning'snine-inning'snine-inning's victory.victory.victory. TheTheThe lankylankylanky XXX uuu toweredtoweredtowered overoverover hishishis teammates,teammates,teammates, andandand withwithwith hishishis bigbigbig blackblackblack thickthickthick

eyeglasseseyeglasseseyeglasses waswaswas ananan imposingimposingimposing presencepresencepresence ononon thethethe mound.mound.mound. HeHeHe waswaswas aaa familiarfamiliarfamiliar pres­pres­pres­enceenceence asasas wellwellwell forforfor TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese fans;fans;fans; hehehe hadhadhad playedplayedplayed ononon Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's 197019701970 LLBWSLLBWSLLBWS representativerepresentativerepresentative SevenSevenSeven TigersTigersTigers squadsquadsquad asasas well,well,well, whenwhenwhen hehehe waswaswas dubbeddubbeddubbed thethethe "Des­"Des­"Des­cendedcendedcended DemonDemonDemon Tiger."Tiger."Tiger." Xu,Xu,Xu, fromfromfrom Tainan,Tainan,Tainan, waswaswas notnotnot oneoneone ofofof thethethe sevensevenseven TigerTigerTiger playersplayersplayers fromfromfrom JiayiJiayiJiayi thatthatthat year,year,year, wherewherewhere thethethe teamteamteam hadhadhad beenbeenbeen supposedlysupposedlysupposedly based;based;based; ininin 197119711971 hehehe waswaswas nonono longerlongerlonger aaa ringer,ringer,ringer, butbutbut leaderleaderleader ofofof hishishis hometownhometownhometown Giants.Giants.Giants. ButButBut oneoneone ofofof hishishis formerformerformer teammatesteammatesteammates explainedexplainedexplained tototo mememe thatthatthat Xu'sXu'sXu's 197119711971 participationparticipationparticipation ininin thethethe LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague WorldWorldWorld SeriesSeriesSeries waswaswas dubiousdubiousdubious asasas well.well.well. InInIn thethethe rural,rural,rural, not-yet­not-yet­not-yet­"miraculous""miraculous""miraculous" TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan ofofof thethethe latelatelate 1950s,1950s,1950s, manymanymany familiesfamiliesfamilies werewerewere latelatelate tototo reportreportreport birthsbirthsbirths tototo thethethe state,state,state, sososo thatthatthat eveneveneven beforebeforebefore worldworldworld LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague dominancedominancedominance waswaswas aaa gleamgleamgleam ininin thethethe eyeseyeseyes ofofof anyanyany ininin Taiwan,Taiwan,Taiwan, thethethe islandislandisland happenedhappenedhappened tototo havehavehave aaa surfeitsurfeitsurfeit ofofof ruralruralrural boysboysboys andandand girlsgirlsgirls .older.older.older thanthanthan thethethe ollicialollicialolhcial recordsrecordsrecords saidsaidsaid theytheythey were.were.were. ByByBy thethethe 1970s,1970s,1970s, thisthisthis commoncommoncommon ruralruralrural resistanceresistanceresistance tototo statestatestate surveillancesurveillancesurveillance waswaswas comingcomingcoming ininin handyhandyhandy forforfor Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's youthyouthyouth baseballbaseballbaseball programprogramprogram (Yu(Yu(Yu 2007:2007:2007: 69-71).69-71).69-71). XuXuXu nevernevernever grewgrewgrew muchmuchmuch atatat allallall pastpastpast hishishis LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague height,height,height, ananan indicationindicationindication thatthatthat hehehe hadhadhad enjoyedenjoyedenjoyed moremoremore daysdaysdays andandand yearsyearsyears ininin thethethe TainanTainanTainan sunsunsun officialthanthanthan saidsaidsaid thethethe of1lcialof1lcial records.records.records. AndAndAnd ititit isisis perhapsperhapsperhaps forforfor thisthisthis reasonreasonreason thatthatthat XuXuXu isisis nownownow sososo famouslyfamouslyfamously aaa recluserecluserecluse today,today,today, aaa factoryfactoryfactory workerworkerworker whowhowho refusesrefusesrefuses tototo talktalktalk tototo thethethe mediamediamedia ororor eveneveneven tototo admitadmitadmit thatthatthat hehehe waswaswas thethethe legendarylegendarylegendary "" Buckteeth"Buckteeth" XX uu ofofof 1971.1971.1971. 77"Buckteeth" Xu 7

XuXLIXLI waswaswas notnotnot thethethe firstfirstfirst TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan playerplayerplayer tototo enjoyenjoyenjoy severalseveralseveral turnsturnsturns ininin thethethe spotlight.spotlight.spotlight. YuYuYu HongkaiHongkaiHongkai starredstarredstarred ononon bothbothboth thethethe 196819681968 MapleMapleMaple LeafLeafLeaf andandand 196919691969 GoldenGoldenGolden DragonsDragonsDragons teams,teams,teams, supposedlysupposedlysupposedly representingrepresentingrepresenting schoolsschoolsschools ononon oppositeoppositeopposite sidessidessides ofofof thethethe island,island,island, andandand thenthenthen ininin 1970,1970,1970, forforfor goodgoodgood measure,measure,measure, playedplayedplayed forforfor twotwotwo differentdifferentdifferent TaipeiTaipeiTaipei schoolschoolschool teamsteamsteams challengingchallengingchallenging JiayiJiayiJiayi forforfor thethethe title.title.title. ThisThisThis "all-star"all-star"all-star team"team"team" trend,trend,trend, despitedespitedespite thethethe gentlegentlegentle warningswarningswarnings fromfromfrom AmericanAmericanAmerican LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague oftlcials,oftlcials, wouldwouldwould notnotnot endendend soon.soon.soon. AsAsAs latelatelateofficials,

/970s/970s 1980-,1980-, .. Ulmes"Ulmes" "" LurieLurie

1979, ChtUllplonship tl'amasasas 1979.1979. thethethe PuziPuziPuzi ElementaryElementaryElementary Schl)olSchl)olSchl)ol TornadoesTornadoesTornadoes worldworldworld champlon:dllpchamplon:dllp teamteam lflcludedIncludedIncluded twotwo ringersringersringers fromfromfrom e!sev;heree!sev;heretv/O elsewhere li1li1li1 COllnty 55,CountyCounty (Su(Su(Su 1996.1996.1996. 55.55. 71).71).71).

SuspiCIOn l)J1onon thethethe partpartpart l)fl)fl)f anananTheseTheseThese teamsteamsteams generatedgeneratedgenerated greatgreatgreat andandand deserveddeserveddeserved SUspiCionSUspiCion IlwincibleAmericanAmericanAmerican publIcpublIcpublIc unableunableunable tototo fathomfathomfathom thethethe sourcesourcesource ofofof thiSthiSthiS IlwinclbleIlwinclble TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan base­base­base­

"Tal\vanese LIttle basebalL" "Tt.:xasballballball dynasty.dynasty.dynasty. TheTheThe phrasephrasephrase "Taiwanese"Taiwanese LmleLmle LeagueLeagueLeague baseball."baseball." likelikelike "Texas"Texas highhighhigh schoolschoolschool football"football"football" ororor "East"East"East GermanGermanGerman women'swomen'swomen's SWimming,"SWimming,"SWimming," becamebecamebecame aaa standardstandardstandard

\\'Ilh IWmetaphormetaphormetaphor forforfor thosethosethose whowhowho wouldwouldwould useuseuse youthyouthyouth sportssportssports tototo achieveachieveachieve vlctl)ryvlctl)ryvlctl)ry \\'Ith\\'Ith 11l)11l)

regardregardregard forforfor thethethe rulesrulesrules ofofof fall' competllionf~ur YetYetcompetitIoncompetitIon Yet thiSthiSthiS skeptiCIsmskeptiCismskeptiCism aboutaboutabout theirtheir LittleLittleLittlef~ur theIr T,llwanese pubilc tIme.LeagueLeagueLeague programprogramprogram matteredmatteredmattered littlelittlelittle tototo thethethe T,lIwaneseT,lIwanese publlcpubllc ofofof thethethe time.time. BaseballBaseballBaseball

universal aspirationstardomstardomstardom becamebecamebecame ananan almostalmostalmost unIversalunIversal aSpiratIOnaSpiratIOn amongamongamong thethethe boysboysboys andandand youngyoungyoung menmenmen ofofof TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan LILILI (t:.hjl-/J{),).). whowhowho starredstarredstarred profeSSIOnally ({)r thethetheKunzheKunzheKunzhe (teNl(teNl professlolwllyprofesslolwlly r()rr()r Chllla 1Il I 990s, remembered,Chll1aChll1a TrustTrustTrust WhalesWhalesWhales IIIIII thethethe latelatelate 19905.19905. remembered.remembered.

III grewgrewgrew upupup watchll1gwatchll1g baseball[baseball[baseball[watchlllg everylmeJJJ III rememberrememberremember thethethe daysdaysdays whenwhenwhen everYl)neeverYl)ne wouldwouldwould wakewakewake upupup IIIIIIIII natIOlwlthethethe middlemiddlemiddle ofofof thethethe nightnightnight tototo watchwatchwatch ourourour nationalnational teamsteamsteams

III IIlternatlOnal competitions. hemes.performperformperform InIn thethethe InternatIOnalInternatIOnal compettllons.compettllons. TheyTheyThey werewerewere natll)nalnatll)nalnatll)nal heroes.heroes. WeWeWe allallall wantedwantedwanted tototo representrepresentrepresent ourourour countrycountrycountry andandand bebebe aaa hero.hero.hero.

PPP LILII_I 2000.2000.2000. 8~~

TheseTheseThese triumphstriumphstriumphs werewerewere especiallyespeciallyespecially thnlllllgthnlllllgthnlllllg forforfor TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese givenpeoplepeoplepeople gIvengIven thethethe describedIsland'sIsland'sIsland's uniqueuniqueunique geopoliticalgeopoliticalgeopolitical squeezesqueezesqueeze describeJdescribeJ above.above.above. TheTheThe sightsightsight ofofof thesethesethese

TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese boysboysboys annuallyannuallyannually makingmakingmaking mlllcemeatmlllcemeatmlllcemeat ofofof thethethe strongstrongstrong andandand conlidentconlidentconlident b!Jss hoplllgAmericanAmericanAmerican teamsteamsteams waswaswas purepurepure bliSSbliSS tototo anyoneanyoneanyone hopll1ghopll1g tototo strikestrikestrike backbackback andandand proveproveprove thethethe

strengthstrengthstrength andandand generalgeneralgeneral worthworthworth ofofof TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan tototo theirtheirtheir AmencanAmencanAmencan "allies""allies""allies" sososo busybusybusy durlllgsellingsellingselling outoutout TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan ininin favorfavorfavor ofofof relationsrelationsrelations withwithwith thethethe PRCPRCPRC dunngdunng thethethe 1970s.1970s.1970s.

enthUSiasticallyOriginally,Originally,Originally, AmericansAmericansAmericans ininin WilliamsportWilliamsportWilliamsport hadhadhad cheeredcheeredcheered ononon enthUSIasticallyenthUSIastically thethethe TaizhongTaizhongTaizhong GoldenGoldenGolden DragonsDragonsDragons andandand JiayiJiayiJiayi SevenSevenSeven Tigers,Tigers,Tigers, proudproudproud that,that,that, asasas TheTheThe Sport­Sport­Sport­inginging NewsNewsNews putputput it,it,it, thethethe greatgreatgreat AmericanAmericanAmerican gamegamegame hadhadhad "reached"reached"reached basebasebase IIIIIIIII anotheranotheranother nation"nation"nation" (Keyes(Keyes(Keyes 1969)1969)1969) x88 lIlf1uenced warwarcold \var notionsNoNoNo doubtdoubtdoubt alsoalsoalso InfluencedInfluenced bybyby colJcolJ nOlll)t)snOlll)t)s andandand

communism, thehorrorhorrorhorror stonesstonesstones ofofof ChllleseChllleseChlllese communism.communism. theytheythey tooktooktook tototo tthehe ROCROCROC teamsteamsteams andandand theirtheirtheir SPlflt 200 I' But.But.But. bybyby 1971.1971. AmencanAmencanAmencan fansfansfans werewerewere bcgm­bcgm­bcgm­"classy""classy""classy" SpiritSpirit (Sundeen(Sundeen(Sundeen 200J'200J' 257)257)257) 1971,

l1Ing fasllllH)I1lngI1lng tototo boobooboo thethethe TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese LittleLittleLittle LeaguersLeaguersLeaguers forforfor wlnnll1gwlnnll1gwlnnll1g InInIn suchsuchsuch expertexpertexpert fashionfashion "Oncntal" Spllrring(Van(Van(Van AukenAukenAuken andandand VanVanVan AukenAukenAuken 200200200 I'I'I' 169).169).169). AAA cutecutecute "Onental""Onental" (also(also(also TheTheThe .\plJrting.\plJrting

reliable coldNews)News)News) underdogunderdogunderdog sentsentsent bybyby aaa rellablerellable colJcolJ warwarwar allyallyally waswaswas funfunfun tototo rootrootroot for:for:for: aaa "big"big"big machine"machine"machine" (as(as(as thethethe Nell" YorkYorkYork TimesTimesTimes sawsawsaw thethethe TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan Liltleyellowyellowyellow Nell'Nell' LillieLillie LeagueLeagueLeague

rolledprogramprogramprogram [Van[Van[Van AukenAukenAuken andandand VanVanVan AukenAukenAuken 200200200 I:I:I: 176])176])176]) thatthatthat rolleJrolleJ overoverover AmencanAmencanAmencan 12-year-olds12-year-olds12-year-olds everyeveryevery summersummersummer waswaswas aaa differentdifferentdifferent story.story.story.

1973, take, TamanByByBy 1973.1973. ItItIt waswaswas altogetheraltogetheraltogether tootootoo muchmuchmuch tototo take.take. asasas thatthatthat year'syear'syear's Tall1anTall1an GiantsGiantsGiants ~O,~O. andandandsweptsweptswept theirtheirtheir threethreethree WilliamsportWilliamsportWilliamsport opponentsopponentsopponents bybyby aaa totaltotaltotal scorescorescore ofofof 575757 ~O. ononon

no-hJtters~99 mthreethreethree no-hltters~no-hJtters~9 (Just(Just(Just daysdaysdays earlier.earlier.earlier, thethe1Il1Il the Sel1lorSel1lor LeagueLeagueLeague worldworldworld tourneytourneytourney atatatSenIOr uaxll1g TaipeiTaipeiTaipei wonwonwon theirtheirtheir fivefivefive gamesgamesgamesGary,Gary,Gary, thethethe teamteamteam fromfromfrom HHH uaxlIlguaxlIlg MiddleMiddleMiddle SchoolSchoolSchool 111111111

bybyby thethethe combllledcombllled scorescorescore ofofof 26-0.)26-0.)26-0.) Now.Now. AmencanAmencan fansfansfans booedbooedbooed thesethesethese TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanesecombmed Now, American held agall1st who,youngstersyoungstersyoungsters asasas theytheythey tooktooktook thethethe fleldfleld agalllstagalllst boysboysboys fromfromfrom TucsonTucsonTucson who.who. alongalongalong withwithwith

devastateddevastateddevastated playersplayersplayers fromfromfrom BitburgBitburgBitburg andandand Tampa,Tampa,Tampa, JustJustJust seemedseemedseemed tototo bebebe playll1gplayll1gplayll1g thethethe fairly. 10sll1g stated,gamegamegame moremoremore faIrly.faIrly. TheTheThe loslllgloslllg TucsonTucsonTucson managermanagermanager stated.stated. "There's"There's"There's nonono waywayway they'rethey'rethey're

444444 Andre%1AndreI-\.'AndreI-\.' MorrisMorrisMorris

thatthatthat officialsthethethe rules,"rules,"rules," andandand "bitter""bitter""bitter" LLBLLBLLB ofllcialsofllcials plannedplannedplanned tototo investi­investi­investi­gategategate whetherwhetherwhether Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's programprogramprogram waswaswas violatingviolatingviolating rulesrulesrules ononon "eligibility,"eligibility,"eligibility, districtdistrictdistrict sizt, 42;size,size, andandand practicepracticepractice time"time"time" (Linle(Linle LeagueLeagueLeague PlansPlansPlans 1973:1973:1973: 42:42: TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan LittleLittleLittle LeaguersLeaguersLeaguers

V5), We1973;1973;1973; Taiwan,Taiwan,Taiwan, ononon 3d3d3d No-HitterNo-HitterNo-Hitter 1973:1973:1973: V.S).V.S). \Ve\Ve nownownow know,know,know, ofofof course,course,course, thatthatthat theytheythey practices,were,were,were, andandand thatthatthat littlelittlelittle effortefforteffort waswaswas mademademade eveneveneven tototo hidehidehide thesethesethese practices.practices. AnAnAn articlearticlearticle bybyby

Junling ( whowhowho hadhadhad coachedcoachedcoached thethethe GiantsGiantsGiants ininin 1971,1971,1971, describeddescribeddescribed hishishisFangFangFang junlingjunling club'sclub'sclub's workoutworkoutworkout schedulescheduleschedule asasas theytheythey preparedpreparedprepared forforfor thatthatthat year'syear'syear's championshipchampionshipchampionship run.run.run. lie hishishis 12-year-olds12-year-olds12-year-olds throughthroughthrough whatwhatwhat waswaswas quitequitequite simplysimplysimply aaa dailydailydaily regimenregimenregimen ofofoflIelIe ranranran childchildchild abuse:abuse:abuse: ideallyideallyideally practicingpracticingpracticing forforfor 999 hourshourshours andandand 202020 minutesminutesminutes aaa day,day,day, andandand hishishis pitcherspitcherspitchers throwingthrowingthrowing upupup tototo 300300300 pitchespitchespitches aaa daydayday (including,(including,(including, ononon somesomesome days,days,days, 100100100 curvebalJs)curvebalJs) (Fang(Fang(Fang 1971:1971:1971: 39-40).1039-40).10

TheTheThe officialofficialofficial LLBLLBLLB probeprobeprobe somehowsomehowsomehow turnedturnedturned upupup nonenonenone ofofof thethethe seriousseriousserious violationsviolationsviolations curvcballs) 39-4D).1O

officialsofofof rulesrulesrules thatthatthat wewewe nownownow knowknowknow tototo havehavehave occurred;occurred;occurred; Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's baseballbaseballbaseball of1'icialsof1'icials werewerewere letletlet offoffoff ininin exchangeexchangeexchange forforfor promisespromisespromises tototo runrunrun theirtheirtheir baseballbaseballbaseball programprogramprogram "in"in"in closecloseclose con­con­con­

V8).formity"formity"formity" withwithwith LLBLLBLLB regulationsregulationsregulations (Little(Little(Little LeagueLeagueLeague ClearsClearsClears TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan 1973:1973:1973: Y.8).Y.8). ButButBut allegationsallegationsallegations ofofof cheatingcheatingcheating werewerewere regularregularregular forforfor thethethe nextnextnext twotwotwo decadesdecadesdecades asasas AmericansAmericansAmericans

game,remainedremainedremained suspicioussuspicioussuspicious ofofof TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese supremacysupremacysupremacy ininin thethethe game.game. Indeed,Indeed,Indeed, aaa Phila­Phila­Phila­delphiadelphiadelphia InquirerInquirerInquirer columnistcolumnistcolumnist putputput ititit mostmostmost memorably,memorably,memorably, raciallyraciallyracially andandand comicallycomicallycomically ininin aaa piecepiecepiece titled,titled,titled, "Taiwan"Taiwan"Taiwan PlaysPlaysPlays BallBallBall LikeLikeLike It'sIt'sIt's TongTongTong War,"War,"War," citingcitingciting aaa popularpopularpopular beliefbeliefbelief thatthatthat "Chiang"Chiang"Chiang Kai-ShekKai-ShekKai-Shek hadhadhad hiredhiredhired aaa bandbandband ofofof professionalprofessionalprofessional midgetsmidgetsmidgets justjustjust tototo

U.S."humiliatehumiliatehumiliate thethethe U.S,"U.S," (Lyon(Lyon(Lyon 1974:1974:1974: I-E)I-E)I-E) InInIn 1974,1974,1974, RollingRolling SloneSloneSlone featuredfeaturedfeatured ananan articlearticlearticle ononon thisthisthis "Chinese"Chinese"Chinese juggernaut"juggernaut"juggernaut" thatthatthat

everyeveryevery fallfallfall providedprovidedprovided thethethe rarerarerare "moments"moments"moments ofofof glorygloryglory ChiangChiangChiang Kai-shek'sKai-shek'sKai-shek's govern­govern­govern­mentmentment hard]hard]hard] experiencedexperiencedexperienced ofofof late,"late,"late," ThatThatThat year'syear'syear's worldworldworld championshipchampionshipchampionship (Taiwan's(Taiwan's(Taiwan's fifth),fifth),fifth), wonwonwon bybyby LideLideLide ("Establish("Establish("Establish Virtue")Virtue")Virtue") SchoolSchoolSchool ininin Gaoxiong,Gaoxiong,Gaoxiong, broughtbroughtbrought Tai­Tai­Tai­wan'swan'swan's recordrecordrecord ininin WilliamsportWilliamsportWilliamsport overoverover thethethe lastlastlast sixsixsix yearsyearsyears tototo 15-115-115-1 (including(including(including 131313 shutouts);shutouts);shutouts); theytheythey hadhadhad outscoredoutscoredoutscored theirtheirtheir opponentsopponentsopponents 171-11.171-11.171-11. ThisThisThis waswaswas nonono longerlongerlonger cute;cute;cute; nownownow LLBLLBLLB of11cialsof11cials usedusedusedol11cials predictablepredictablepredictable analogiesanalogiesanalogies tototo thethethe "sneak"sneak"sneak attackattackattack atatat

perfldy.

Rollin;:;

PearlPearlPearl Harbor"Harbor"Harbor" tototo describedescribedescribe TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese perfJdy.perfJdy. Now,Now,Now, whitewhitewhite fansfansfans shoutedshoutedshouted "Beat"Beat"Beat chinks'" f~lcedthosethosethose chinks!"chinks!" atatat thethethe (mostly-black)(mostly-black)(mostly-black) NewNewNew HavenHavenHaven teamteamteam thatthatthat facedfaced TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan ininin

thethethe firstfirstfirst roundroundround (and(and(and lostlostlost 16-0).16-0).16-0). BeforeBeforeBefore thethethe finalfinalfinal gamegamegame (Lide(Lide(Lide 12,12,12, RedRedRed Bluff,Bluff,Bluff, CA,CA,CA, I),I),I), oneoneone fanfanfan avowed,avowed,avowed, "This"This"This isisis wherewherewhere wewewe makemakemake ourourour stand.stand.stand. We'veWe'veWe've gotgotgot tototo stopstopstop thethethe YellowYellowYellow PerilPerilPeril now"now"now" (Lukas(Lukas(Lukas 1974:1974:1974: 58,63),58,63),

However,However,However, influential'journalistinfluential'journalistinfluential'journalist AnthonyAnthonyAnthony LukasLukasLukas providedprovidedprovided ananan appropriateappropriateappropriate Slone tototo asasas hehehe alsoalsoalso workedworkedworked tototo findfindfind thethethe voicesvoicesvoices ofofof

58,63).

RollingRollingRolling StoneStone twisttwisttwist thisthisthis piecepiecepiece resistanceresistanceresistance tototo thisthisthis whitewhitewhite racistracistracist discourse.discourse.discourse. HeHeHe describeddescribeddescribed thethethe "roving"roving"roving packpackpack ofofof 303030 WilliamsportWilliamsportWilliamsport girlsgirlsgirls [[[......., , who]who]who] transferredtransferredtransferred theirtheirtheir allegianceallegianceallegiance tototo thethethe mysteriousmysteriousmysterious Chinese,"Chinese,"Chinese," followingfollowingfollowing thethethe TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese boysboysboys aroundaroundaround andandand chantingchantingchanting "Taiwan,"Taiwan,"Taiwan, Tai­Tai­Tai­wallwanwan isisis thethethe best,best,best, youyouyou cancancan forgetforgetforget aboutaboutabout thethethe West."West."West." AndAndAnd afterafterafter absorbingabsorbingabsorbing aaa thor­thor­thor­oughoughough flrst-roundflrst-roundflrst-round defeat,defeat,defeat, thethethe coachcoachcoach ofofof thethethe NewNewNew HavenHavenHaven squadsquadsquad becamebecamebecame anotheranotheranother

flguredconvert.convert.convert. HeHeHe andandand hishishis playersplayersplayers fJguredfJgured outoutout quicklyquicklyquickly thatthatthat thethethe samesamesame WilliamsportWilliamsportWilliamsport lOanst'anst'ans whowhowho calledcalledcalled thethethe TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese "chinks""chinks""chinks" werewerewere thethethe samesamesame onesonesones whowhowho wouldwouldwould usu­usu­usu­allyallyally bebebe callingcallingcalling hishishis teamteamteam "niggers.""niggers.""niggers." ByByBy thethethe daydayday ofofof thethethe championship,championship,championship, hehehe waswaswas

Tai\vanese-stylewearingwearingwearing aaa Taiwanese-styleTaiwanese-style "coolie""coolie""coolie" hat,hat,hat, wavingwavingwaving ananan ROCROCROC flag,flag,flag, andandand fullyfullyfully enjoy­enjoy­enjoy­inginging ananan ironicironicironic versionversionversion ofofof thethethe internationalinternationalinternational friendshipfriendshipfriendship thatthatthat LLBLLBLLB professedprofessedprofessed tototo

1970s-1980s1970s-1980s1970s-1980s "(jnnese""(jnnese" LurieLurie BosehallBosehall"01inese" Liflle Baschall (ind ifS disCtJ!lfo;{S 45

point, timthisthis coachcoachcoach waswaswas 111111promotepromotepromote (Lukas(Lukas(Lukas 1974.63).1974.63).1974.63). AsAsAs waswaswas Lukas'sLukas'sLukas's point.point. In minomy. Taivvanese "hyperconformity"thethethe minorIty.minorIty. AmencansAmencansAmencans becamebecamebecame obsessedobsessedobsessed withwithwith Taiv·/aneseTaiv·/anese "hyperconf,)rmity""hyperconf,)rmity"

fantasIzed beingbeingbeing thethethe oppositeoppositeopposite ofofof thethethe healthyhealthyhealthy upbrmgingupbnngingupbnnging theytheytheythatthatthat theytheythey fantasizedfantasized asasas providedprovided theIrtheIrtheIr chIldrenchIldrenchIldren ll1ll1 thethethe US.US.US. (Sundeen(Sundeen(Sundeen 2001:2001:2001: 257).257). InInIn 1975.1975. thethethe Ameri­Ameri­prOVIded In 157). 1975, Amcri~

cancancan LittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague establishmentestablishmentestablishment eveneveneven wentwentwent sososo farfarfar asas tototo banbanban allallall foreignforeign teamsteamsteamsLIttle ns foreIgn forforfor aaa yearyearyear InIn 197519751975 ll1ll1 orderorderorder tototo guaranteeguaranteeguarantee ananan AmericanAmericanAmerican "winner""winner""winner" (L.mle(L.mle LeagueLeagueLeague BarsBarsBars 1974:1974:1974: I,1.1. 51).51).51).

quesllons notnotnot em(~rge tl1111111

m m (Llltle

TheseTheseThese questIonsquestIons ofofof cheatmgcheatmgcheatmg andandand utterutterutter deceitdeceitdeceit dododo eln(~rgeusuallyusuallyusually eln(~rge

Tal\·van'sTal\·van's glossyglossyglossy oHiclaloHiclal narrativesnarrativesnarratives ofofof "Chinese"Chinese"Chinese baseballbaseballbaseball worldworld champions."champions." l:iteJ above, mostmostmost

TaIwan's ofliclal \vorld champions," However,However,However, besidesbesidesbesides thethethe manymanymany literaryliteraryliterary andandand filmicfilmicfilmic examplesexamplesexamples dIeddIed above.above. historicalhistorical andandand analyticalanalytical studIesstudIesstudIes dododo bringbringbring upupup thethethe question,question,question, often,often,often, mmm MichaelMichaelMichael Herzfeld'sHerzfeld'sHerzfeld's words,words,words, asasas "a"a"a sourcesourcesource ofofof externalexternalexternal embarrassmentembarrassmentembarrassment r[[ ,.J.... JJ thatthatthat neverthe­neverthe­neverthe­

wnh

hIstorical analytIcal

lesslessless provlde[s]provlde[s]provlde[s] inSIdersinSIdersinSIders withwith theirtheirtheir assuranceassuranceassurance ofofof commoncommoncommon sociality"sociality"sociality" (Herzfeld(Herzfeld(Herzfeld 2004:2004:2004: 3).3).3). ThisThisThis dIscoursediscoursediscourse oftenoftenoften bordersbordersborders ononon thethethe masochistic:masochistic;masochistic; oneoneone TcllwanescTcllwanescT,llwanese

onl1l1e revIew'PhDPhDPhD studentstudentstudent wrotewrotewrote ininin aaa 200220022002 onlmeonlme bookbookbook reVle\\,'reVle\\,'

III amamam wrning underunderunder whichwhichwhichwntingwnting aaa thesisthesisthesis aboutaboutabout TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese amateuramateuramateur baseballbaseballbaseball manymanymany appaJlingappaJling conditionsconditionsconditions occurred,occurred,occurred, includmgincludmg over-trall1Ing,over-trall1Ing, fabncatlonfabncatlonappalling includ1l1g over-tratl11l1g, fabrIcatIon

.lustscandals,scandals,scandals, viciousviciousvicious under-the-tableunder-the-tableunder-the-table recruitment,recruitment,recruitment, lacklacklack ofofof education,education,education, .Just.Just tototo

few, will beautifll (s/r) Images heldnamenamename aaa fev.,',fev.,', allallall ofofof whichwhichwhich wi11wi11 subvertsubvertsubvert thethethe beautifilbeautifil (sir)(sir) linageslinages helelhelel bybyby commoncommoncommon people[people[people[.........]] mymymy intentIonintentIon isisis tototo exposeexposeexpose thethethe darkdarkdark SidesSides ofofof Tal\\'an­Tal\\'an­eseeseese amateuramateuramateur baseball.baseball.baseball.

J intention SllleS Tal\van­

2()02c.c.c. YuYuYu 20022002

LIttleTheTheThe cuttingcuttingcutting humiliationshumiliationshumiliations andandand guiltguiltguilt associatedassociatedassociated withwithwith Taiwan'sTaiwan'sTaiwan's LittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague BaseballBaseba1lBaseba1l programprogramprogram havehavehave mademademade thisthisthis outwardlyoutwardlyoutwardly gloriousgloriousglorious eraeraera oneoneone thatthatthat cancancan onlyonlyonly

sulferedbebebe rememberedrememberedremembered ininin termstermsterms thatthatthat tietietie intointointo thethethe degradationsdegradationsdegradations andandand abusesabusesabuses sulTeredsulTered bybyby TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese peoplepeoplepeople underunderunder bothbothboth ofofof itsitsits twentiethtwentiethtwentieth centurycenturycentury authoritarianauthoritananauthoritanan regimes.regimes.regimes.

ConclusionConclusionConclusion

directIons which T,llwaneseTheTheThe manymanymany jumbledjumbledjumbled andandand precariousprecariousprecarious directionsdirections alongalongalong whIchwhIch TaIwaneseTaIwanese baseballbaseballbaseball KMTKMTKMT rulerulerule dIddiddid notnotnot resembleresembleresemble In thethethe leastleastleast thethethe neatneatneat whitedevelopeddevelopeddeveloped Jl1underunderunder Jl1 whItewhIte

straIght thISstraightstraight lineslineslines ofofof thethethe baseballbaseballbaseball diamondsdiamondsdiamonds thatthatthat hostedhostedhosted thiSthiS movementmovementmovement UnderUnderUnder thethethe Nationallsts' martIalNationahsts'Nationahsts' martialmartial lawlawlaw rulerulerule (1948-87),(1948-87),(1948-87), baseballbaseballbaseball waswaswas ananan ImportantImportantImportant realmrealmrealm forforfor TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese people,people,people, especiallyespeciallyespecially thethethe poorerpoorerpoorer reSIdentsreSIdentsreSIdents ofofof thethethe southsouthsouth andandand east,east, tototoeas!.

socIety.regIsterregIsterregIster theirtheirtheir ovmovmovm contributionscontributionscontributions tototo TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan culturecultureculture andandand society.society. AAA provocativeprovocativeprovocative andandand funfunfun mixturemixturemixture ofofof mildmildmild pro-Japanesepro-Japanesepro-Japanese nostalgia,nostalgia,nostalgia, resistanceresistanceresistance againstagainstagainst KKK MTMTMT

AS13,hegemonyhegemonyhegemony ininin TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan andandand AmericanAmericanAmerican hegemonyhegemonyhegemony ininin EastEastEast ASia,ASia, andandand eveneveneven AAA bo­bo­bo­mamlanderriginalriginalriginal resistanceresistanceresistance tototo thethethe doubledoubledouble oppressionoppressionoppression ofofof thethethe maJl11andermaJl11ander andandand TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese

HanHanHan presence,presence,presence, couldcouldcould allallall bebebe voicedvoicedvoiced ininin thethethe languagelanguagelanguage ofofof baseballbaseballbaseball AndAndAnd whatwhatwhat dIssent Nationa1!sts' ormademademade thisthisthis dissentdissent safesafesafe waswaswas thethethe Nationaltsts'Nationaltsts' ownownown understandingunderstandingunderstanding ofofof thethethe rolerolerole ofof

sportssportssports ininin modernmodernmodern society.society.society. TheirTheirTheir standardstandardstandard two-parttwo-parttwo-part philosophy,philosophy,philosophy, developeddevelopeddeveloped whenwhenwhen thethethe partypartyparty ruledruledruled ChinaChinaChina ininin thethethe latelatelate 1920s1920s1920s andandand 19305,19305,19305, waswaswas thatthatthat popularpopularpopular

464646 AndrewAndrewAndrew MorrisMorrisMorris

in� sportparticipationparticipation inin sponspon servedservedserved tototo integrateintegrateintegrate aaa diversediversediverse populationpopulationpopulation intointointo aaa singlesinglesingle nation-state,nation-state, andandand thatthatthat outstandingoutstandingoutstanding sportingsportingsporting performancesperformancesperformances ononon internationalinternationalinternational

werestagesstagesstages \vere\vere valuablevaluablevaluable opportunitiesopportunitiesopportunities tototo winwinwin nationalnationalnational face,face,face, sympathy,sympathy,sympathy, andandand eveneveneven alliesalliesallies ininin thethethe ever-changingever-changingever-changing worldworldworld ofofof thethethe twentiethtwentiethtwentieth centurycenturycentury (Morris(Morris(Morris 2004b:2004b:2004b: J 00-237).100-237).100-237). Thus,Thus,Thus, ininin manymanymany wayswaysways baseballbaseballbaseball representedrepresentedrepresented aaa tabletabletable ofofof negotiation,negotiation,negotiation, wherewherewhere TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese baseballbaseballbaseball communitiescommunitiescommunities exchangedexchangedexchanged measuresmeasuresmeasures ofofof integrationintegrationintegration

'"Chinese"forforfor measuresmeasuresmeasures ofofof independentindependentindependent expression,expression,expression, measuresmeasuresmeasures ofofof "Chinese""Chinese" identityidentityidentity forforfor measuresmeasuresmeasures ofofof pro-Japanesepro-Japanesepro-Japanese nostalgia,nostalgia,nostalgia, andandand measuresmeasuresmeasures ofofof thethethe martial-lawmartial-lawmartial-law auto­auto­auto­craticcraticcratic NationalistNationalistNationalist statestatestate forforfor measuresmeasuresmeasures ofofof ananan independentindependentindependent TaiwaneseTaiwaneseTaiwanese culturecultureculture andandand society.society.society.

TheTheThe "'Chinese waswaswas basedbasedbased ononon mythsmythsmyths ofofof sharedsharedshared ethnic­ethnic­ethnic­KMTsKMTsKMTs "Chinese"Chinese culture"culture"culture" culturalculturalcultural origin,origin,origin, fantasticallyfantasticallyfantastically irredentistirredentistirredentist educationeducationeducation andandand imagesimagesimages ofofof thethethe world,world,world,

antiquities.andandand thethethe protectionprotectionprotection ofofof mainlandmainlandmainland antiqantiq uities.uities. However.However.However. itsitsits doppelganger,doppelganger,doppelganger, thethethe "Taiwanese""Taiwanese""Taiwanese" culturecultureculture thatthatthat grewgrewgrew withinwithinwithin it,it,it, andandand whichwhichwhich waswaswas centeredcenteredcentered tototo aaa largelargelarge

personal.degreedegreedegree ononon thethethe culturecultureculture ofofof baseball.baseball.baseball. waswaswas aaa muchmuchmuch moremoremore personal,personal, intimate,intimate,intimate, eveneveneven existentialexistentialexistential afTairafTairafTair thatthatthat gainedgainedgained muchmuchmuch ofofof itsitsits powerpowerpower fromfromfrom thethethe sharedsharedshared painpainpain andandand

"'national"humiliationhumiliationhumiliation ofofof itsitsits members.members.members. ThisThisThis "national""national" culturecultureculture ofofof baseballbaseballbaseball forforfor decadesdecadesdecades wellhashashas possessedpossessedpossessed aaa uniqueuniqueunique powerpowerpower tototo bringbringbring outoutout andandand recallrecallrecall thethethe worstworstworst (as(as(as weI]weI] asasas thethethe

best)best)best) ininin itsitsits participantsparticipantsparticipants forforfor overoverover aaa century.century.century.

NotesNotesNotes

dilTerentThisThisThis chapterchapterchapter firstfirstfirst appearedappearedappeared (in(in(in aaa slightlyslightlyslightly differentdifferent format)format)format) ininin mymymy bookbookbook ColonialColonialColonial Hist(Jr\' of Baseball Taill'(JIlProject,Project,Project, NationalNationalNational Came:Came:Came: AAA flistor\'flistor\' o(o( BasehallBasehall ininin Tai\l'(JIlTai\l'(JIl (Berkeley:(Berkeley:(Berkeley: UniversityUniversityUniversity ofofof

20 I0).CaliforniaCaliforniaCalifornia Press,Press,Press, 2010).2010). 22 TheTheThe KKK2� MTMTMT alsoalsoalso keptkeptkept ononon payrollpayrollpayroll "professional"professional"professional students"students"students" whowhowho spiedspiedspied ononon andandand intll­intll­intll­

softballtratedtratedtrated pro-Taiwanesepro-Taiwanesepro-Taiwanese organizationsorganizationsorganizations includingincludingincluding baseballbaseballbaseball andandand softbalJsoftbalJ teamsteamsteams (Dang(Dang(Dang 1991:1991:1991: 163).163).163).

333 TheTheThe Nelt'Nelt'Nelt' YorkYorkYork TimesTimesTimes reported,reported,reported, "A"A"A briefbriefbrief tistfighttistfighttistfight brokebrokebroke putputput amongamongamong thethethe spectatorsspectatorsspectators duringduringduring thethethe gamegamegame............ betweenbetweenbetween twotwotwo factionsfactionsfactions ofofof ChineseChineseChinese fans,fans,fans, oneoneone groupgroupgroup composedcomposedcomposed ofofof peoplepeoplepeople bornbornborn ononon TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan andandand anotheranotheranother ofofof thosethosethose bornbornborn ininin mainlandmainlandmainland China"China"China" (Taiwan(Taiwan(Taiwan

v'2).WinsWinsWins 1971:1971:1971: Y.2).Y.2). 444 UsingUsingUsing thethethe 197119711971 exchangeexchangeexchange rateraterate ofofof USSIUSSIUSSI :NTS40.:NTS40.:NTS40. 555 ThereThereThere areareare 535353 picturespicturespictures ininin allallall featuredfeaturedfeatured atatat NationalNationalNational CouncilCouncilCouncil ononon PhysicalPhysicalPhysical FitnessFitnessFitness andandand

Sports:Sports:Sports: 2005.2005.2005. ()�66 Chiang'sChiang'sChiang's wifewifewife SongSongSong MeilingMeilingMeiling waswaswas lesslessless forgiving.forgiving.forgiving. HuaxingHuaxingHuaxing MiddleMiddleMiddle School,School,School, whichwhichwhich

billion million]-wasenjoyedenjoyedenjoyed herherher generousgenerousgenerous support-tosupport-tosupport-to thethethe tunetunetune ofofof NTS3NTS3NTS3 bilJionbilJion [USS75[USS75[USS75 milJion]-wasmilJion]-was foundedfoundedfounded forforfor thethethe educationeducationeducation ofofof thethethe childrenchildrenchildren ofofof revolutionaryrevolutionaryrevolutionary martyrs.martyrs.martyrs. InInIn 1969,1969,1969, ininin specialspecialspecial recognitionrecognitionrecognition ofofof thethethe TaizhongTaizhongTaizhong GoldenGoldenGolden Dragons'Dragons'Dragons' worldworldworld championship,championship,championship, thosethosethose playersplayersplayers tootootoo werewerewere awardedawardedawarded enrollment.enrollment.enrollment. TheTheThe SevenSevenSeven TigersTigersTigers playersplayersplayers receivedreceivedreceived nonono suchsuchsuch invitation,invitation,invitation, andandand insteadinsteadinstead enrolledenrolledenrolled enenen massemassemasse ininin MeiheMeiheMeihe MiddleMiddleMiddle SchoolSchoolSchool ininin southernsouthernsouthern Pingdong,Pingdong,Pingdong, creatingcreatingcreating ananan instantinstantinstant baseballbaseballbaseball rivalryrivalryrivalry whichwhichwhich captivatedcaptivatedcaptivated thethethe islandislandisland duringduringduring

H uawei,thethethe 1970s.1970s.1970s. InterviewInterviewInterview withwithwith LinLinLin Huawei,Huawei, Taizhong,Taizhong,Taizhong, Taiwan,Taiwan,Taiwan, 303030 JulyJulyJuly 2004.2004.2004. 777 InterviewInterviewInterview withwithwith anonymousanonymousanonymous formerformerformer LittleLittleLittle LeagueLeagueLeague player,player,player, Taiwan,Taiwan,Taiwan, summersummersummer 2007.2007.2007. 888 TheTheThe goodgoodgood (if(if(if short-lived)short-lived)short-lived) AmericanAmericanAmerican sportsmanshipsportsmanshipsportsmanship mentionedmentionedmentioned aboveaboveabove alsoalsoalso drewdrewdrew

commentcommentcomment ininin TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan (Welcome(Welcome(Welcome thethethe SevenSevenSeven TigersTigersTigers 1970:1970:1970: 2).2).2). 99 ForForFor goodgoodgood9� measure,measure,measure, thethethe Giants'Giants'Giants' utterutterutter dominationdominationdomination cancancan bebebe seenseenseen ininin thethethe followingfollowingfollowing

.417.statistics:statistics:statistics: TheyTheyThey hadhadhad aaa teamteamteam battingbattingbatting averageaverageaverage ofofof A17.A17. TheirTheirTheir pitcherspitcherspitchers facedfacedfaced onlyonlyonly 565656 54!,battersbattersbatters ininin thethethe threethreethree gamesgamesgames (the(the(the minimumminimumminimum wouldwouldwould bebebe 54),54), strikingstrikingstriking outoutout 464646 andandand walkingwalkingwalking

/9!:?Os "Chmese" Liule Basch(!!!1980.'11980.'1 "Chlm'sf'""Chlm'sf'" Liulc its disnmlt'lHS 4747471970.'11970.'11970.'1 Liulc

ste.<11 against Giant:'. cut d,)I\'[lt\Vo.t\Vo.t\Vo. OneOneOne ofofof thesethesethese attemptedattemptedattempted tototo stealsteal agamslagamsl thethethe Gi'Hlts.Gi'Hlts. andandand waswaswas ClltCllt ,h)Wll,h)Wll atatat secondsecondsecond base.base.base. TheIrTheIrTheir opponentsopponentsopponents cor1H11lttedcOlnnlltlt'dcOlnnlltlt'd 13133 errors, [0 wtld pllcheserrors.errors. 1010 wildwild Hnd pHss\.:dandand 151515 passedpassed balls, onlv o\'enlllballs.balls. TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan hadhadhad onlyonly oneoneone errorerrorerror overalloverall (Carry(Carry 1974'1974'1974' 66-67)66-67)66-67)

!!! 00 ForForFor moremoremore factualfactualfactuallnfo'rl11atlon111111 formationformation ononon brutalbrutalbrutal trHmrngtrHll1ll1gtrHll1ll1g ofofof youngyoungyoung teamsteams(eams InIl1Il1 \070s 80:'.0� thethethe 1970s1970s 80s.80s. seeseesee YuYuYu 200720072007 84-90.84-90.84-90.

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,';)2.y.+~<8HU)9iH(JjxI' If,'i,C.'(I<Jt~fii), TheTheThe Intellectual (Do.we :n:hi A"}':~,H 69'69'69'.yWj~HUJ t~fU), A.A. ,I}I::W,I}I::W ,'~L),,'~L),,'~L),,';)2,';)2 .yWj~HUJ 99iiJJLOxLOx 1'11'1 {,'I{,'I {.'{.' (1<)(1<) t~fU), fnlellectualfnlellectual (Daxuc(Daxuc ::;a::.hi::;a::.hi 23-26.23-26.23-26.

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tongtongtong (Hh(Hh www.presldenl.gov.tw/l_epaper/93/dian:::ibaodian:::ibaodian:::ibao 15ISIIJ..\;I;t~Mc.t;:ISIIJ..\;I;t~Mc.t;:11J A;,J%~,Mc.t;: (- Hh 137.137.J 37. www.presldenl.gov.tw/l_epaperN3/www.presldenl.gov.tw/l_epaperN3/ 930722.html930722.ht1111930722.ht1111 [accessed[accessed[accessed 222 AprilAprilApril 2008].2008].2008].

'The'The'The ChildrenChildrenChildren (Bangqiu !lab' QihuQihu dededeofofof Baseball'Baseball'Baseball' TheTheThe SevenSevenSeven Tigers'Tigers'Tigers' Story'Story'Story' (Bangqil/(Bangqil/ dedede hai::.i·hai::.i· Qihll gushigushigushi +~~J*(j<Jf.j·wJ:;j<n<Jff<·wJ:;j<n<Jff< ('(.(. --tJ}U/<J-tJ}[:(/<J-tJ}[:(/<J ,1(3(IIi!(IIi!( 'J~)'H)'H) (2000)(2000)(2000) TapeTapeTape 333 ofofof ]()-part senes,]{)-part]{)-part senes.senes. TaipeiTaipeiTaipei PublICPublICPublIC TeleviSIon (GOllf(j(Oflg dilJ/lslti It'cnllllO slli}'" jijinhlliTeleviSIOnTeleviSIOn CulturalCulturalCultural EnterpriseEnterpriseEnterprise FoundationFoundationFoundation (GO/lgglJltR(GO/lgglJltR dio/ls!tidio/ls!ti ,\'ctlhuo,\'ctlhuo shi!'I'shi!'I' jijinh/lijijinh/li

Jl',l]: NY.:. k 'If :Rjl[~~"f).~l jll>~> ~7).i-~i-~i-~ JJt·,t·, G:G: ~l Y:Y: itit 'I'I ff :R:R jll>~> ~7).

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of Taiwan, D,C. CenterCenterCenter forforfor TaiwanTaiwan InternationalInternational Relatluns.Relatluns.RightsRightsRights afTaiwan,afTaiwan, Washmgton,Washmgton,Washmgton, D.C.D.C. TaIwan InternatIonal RelatIons.� Damton, (1984)(1984)(1984) TheTheThe CreatCreat CatCat MassacreMassacreMassacreGreat Cal andandand OlherOlherOlher EpisodesEpisodes 1n1n FrenrhFrenrh (ullllflli(ullllflliDarnton,Darnton, RRR f.:pisodes In French (/litumi�

History,History,History, NewNewNew YorkYorkYork Books,BasicBasicBasic Books.Books. Fang,Fang,Fang, J.J.J. (JiH.{~(}il{,{~) (1971)(1971)(1971) 'Thoughts'Thoughts'Thoughts ononon thethethe experienceexperienceexperience ofofof coachingcoachll1gcoachll1g thethethe GI(J.nlsGI(J.nls youthyouthyouth(}il{,{~)) Giants

baseballbaseballbaseball team'team'team' (Zhidao(Zhidao(Zhidao JurenJurenJuren shaobnngdu!slwohangduislwohangdui dedede jingf{uojin!!.ftuojin!!.ftuo jijiji ganx!onggallxlunggallxlung llil;tf I ' AA;j>WP~UI<J~V~&!1H!.!),;j>W~~ (I<J~I\{.iEj & :;1Hl.1), o/the Nation's Teachers :hiirfJ,ifl'irfJ,ifl' A;j>WP~UI<J~V~&!1H!.!), FriendFriendFriend ofof thethe Nalioll'sNalioll's TeachNsTeachNs (Guo(Guo(Guo jiaojiaojiao ::.hi::.hi youyouyou 1Wj~2.Ir&j~~'&'h. ),373:Ir&j~~'&' ).). 373:373: 34-40.34-40.34-40.

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484848 AndrewAndrewAndrew MorrisMorrisMorris

Zhonghufl fo:::han shi en Itt.!ChineseChineseChinese BaseballBaseballBaseball (Dong(Dong(Dong shengshengsheng dedede xur!:xur!:xur!: ZhonghuaZhonghua bangqiubangqiubangqiu fa:::hanfa:::han sh!sh! ~(H~(H~(H (f(J;!!(f(J;!! IIIIII IiIIiI1\1 f2J1~f2J1~11}I~ Taipei:Taipei:Taipei: 171e171e171e People'sPeople'sPeople's LivelihoodLivelihoodLivelihood PressPressPress (Minshengbao(Minshengbao(Minshengboo shesheshe l(/Ll(/Ll( 'I:.

'Great'Great'Great momentsmomentsmoments ininin littlelittlelittle leagueleagueleague worldworldworld seriesseriesseries history'history'history' (2006)(2006)(2006) TheTheThe Onion,Onion,Onion, August,171717 August.August. wv/w.theonion.com/contcntlnode/5! 806 !ac<::cssedwww.theonion.com/contenUnode/51806www.theonion.com/contenUnode/51806 (accessed(accessed 555 AprilAprilApril 2008].2008].2008].

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Cu/tural Nution-Stale,Herzfeld,Herzfeld,Herzfeld, M.M.M. (2004)(2004)(2004) CulturalCultural Intimacy:Intimacy:Intimacy: SocialSocialSocial PoeticsPoeticsPoetics ininin thethethe Nution-State,Nution-State, 2nd2nd2nd edn,edn,edn, NewNewNew York:York:York: Routledge.Routledge.Routledge.

TheTheThe HistoryHistoryHistory ofofof thethethe StruggleStruggleStruggle ofofof thethethe YouthYouthYouth BaseballBaseballBaseball TeamTeamTeam ofofof thethethe RepublicRepublicRepublic ofofof ChinaChinaChina TeamTeamTeam (Zhonghua(Zhonghua(Zhonghua shaonianshaonianshaonian bangqiuduibangqiuduihangqiudui fendoufendoufendou bianyi lI'eiyuanhuiEditorialEditorialEditorial shishishi bian)'ibian)'i weiyuanhuiweiyuanhui

IIIIIItil l(kIY~IH!d;j<p.¥'tt:'tt: IY~IH!d;j<~~ (fjl'1f1~ nnn V'1)V'1)V'1) (1972)(1972)(1972) TheTheThe EndeavouringEndeavouring HistoryHistoryHistory ofofof thethethe YowhYowhYowhIY~IH!d;j<~~ f1~ I'I' 'I'I EndetJl'()Jjring Tcarn of the shaonian bangqiuduifendou shiBaseballBaseballBaseball TearnTearn a/thea/the RepublicRepublicRepublic ofofof ChinaChinaChina (Zhonghua(Zhonghua(Zhonghua shoonianshoonian bongqiuduifendoubongqiuduifendou sh!sh!

IIIIII'II Jt{,IY~IH·J;f(p:¥.Jt{,IY~IH·J;f(p:¥.Jt{,IJ>~I:H;j~p:¥. 1'1 :1..:),nn '1:),'1:), Taipei:Taipei:Taipei: EnglishEnglishEnglish Translation,Translation,Translation, RepublicRepublicRepublic ofofof ChinaChinaChina HistoryHistoryHistory andandand PublisherPublisherPublisher (Zhonghua lishilishilishi lI'enhua chubonshechubonsheCultureCultureCulture (Zhon[;huo(Zhon[;huo minguominguominguo wenhuowenhuo chubanshe II I'I' 'j'li'j'li LL(( IWJIWJ ffffff '1:'1: Y.:.Y.:. ftft IiIi \\IUIU {{ I.),I.),'I' I(ir L(IWJJff~':' X1tIH~fl.).

IVhite BlackHoch,Hoch,Hoch, P.P.P. (1979)(1979)(1979) WhiteWhite Hero,Hero,Hero, BlockBlock Beast:Beast:Beast: Racism,Racism,Racism, Sexism,Sexism,Sexism, andandand thethethe MaskMaskMask ofofof Masculin­Masculin­Masculin­ity,ity,ity, London:London:London: PlutoPlutoPluto Press.Press.Press.

'H!f) Willler COlllel77pOr­Hsiao,Hsiao,Hsiao, Y.Y.Y. (Xiaoye(Xiaoye(Xiaoye IHlf)IHlf) (1982)(1982)(1982) 'Forced'Forced'Forced out',out',out', ininin N.N.N. IngIngIng (ed)(ed)(ed) WinterWinter Plum:Plum:Plum: Contempor­Contempor­oryaryary ChineseChineseChinese Fiction,Fiction,Fiction, Taipei:Taipei:Taipei: ChineseChineseChinese MaterialsMaterialsMaterials Center.Center.Center.

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