भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union...

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Transcript of भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union...

Page 1: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India
Page 2: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

2 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

`y{Z`Z ~¢H$ Am°\$ B§{S>`m H$s {V_mhr qhXr n{ÌH$mdf© - 5, A§H$ - 4 A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a 2020

g§ajH$amO{H$aU a¡ Or.à~§Y {ZXoeH$ Ed§ grB©Amo

àYmZ g§nmXH$~«Ooída e‘m©‘w»¶ _hmà~§YH$ (‘m.g§.)

H$m`©H$mar g§nmXH$Aå~arf Hw$‘ma qghCn _hmà~§YH$

g§nmXH$S>m°. gwb^m H$moao‘w»¶ à~§YH$ (amO^mfm)

g§nmXH$ ‘§S>bAemoH$ M§Ð‘w»¶ ‘hmà~§YH

dr. dr. Q>oå^yUo©‘hmà~§YH$

Zdb {H$emoa Xr{jVghm¶H$ ‘hmà~§YH$$

amO^mfm H$m`m©Ýd`Z à^mJ`y{Z`Z ~¢H$ Am°\$ B§{S>`m, H|$Ðr` H$m`m©b`, _w§~B©Ûmam Am§V[aH$ n[aMmbZ hoVw àH$m{eVB©-_ob: sulabhakore@unionbankofi ndia.com9820468919, 022 - 22896595`y{Z`Z ~¢H$ Am°\$ B§{S>`m Ho$ {bE S>m°. gwb^m H$moao,‘w»¶ à~§YH$ (amO^mfm), amO^mfm H$m`m©Ýd`Z à^mJ,H|$Ðr` H$m`m©b`, 239, {dYmZ ^dZ _mJ©, Zar_Z nm°B§Q>,_w§~B© - 400 021 Ûmam g§nm{XV Ed§ àH$m{eV VWm O¶§V {àÝQ>ar EbEbnr, _w§~B©-2 Ûmam _w{ÐV.g§nmXH$ - S>m°. gwb^m H$moao

Bg n{ÌH$m _| àH$m{eV {dMma boIH$m| Ho$ AnZo h¢. à~§YZ H$m BZgo gh_V hmoZm Amdí`H$ Zht h¡.

Designed & Printed atJayant Printery LLP, 352/54, Girgaum Road, Murlidhar Compound,

Near � akurdwar Post O� ce, Mumbai-2. Tel.: 4366 71 71

AZwH«$‘{UH$màH$meZ {V{W: 12.11.2020

2 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

· n[aÑí¶ .............................................................. 3

· g§nmXH$s¶ ............................................................ 4

· ‘hmamï´> Ho$ ^maV aËZ {dOoVm ......................................... 5

· gm{h˶ g¥OZ ..................................................... 6-7

· H$mì¶ g¥OZ ....................................................... 8-9

· ‘hmamï´> H$m B{Vhmg Am¡a ^yJmob ...............................10-11

· ‘hmamï´> Zo ^maV H$mo ³¶m {X¶m .................................12-13

· ‘hmamï´> H$s ‘amR>r ^mfm ........................................14-15

· {deof gmjmËH$ma - S>m°. Odmha H$Zm©dQ> .......................16-17

· ‘hmamï´> Ho$ ˶mohma ..............................................18-19

· ¶oad‹S>m Oob .........................................................21

· ‘hmamï´> H$m a§J‘§M .............................................22-23

· ~m°brdwS> Am¡a ‘hmamï´> ..........................................24-25

· ¶mÌm g¥OZ- nwUo VWm ^r‘me§H$a ..............................26-27

· g|Q>a ñàoS>- ‘hmamï´> Ho$ {H$bo ...................................28-29

· ‘hmamï´> H$s ‘w§~B© ...............................................30-32

· ‘hmamï´> H$s Am{Xdmgr OZ Om{V¶m± ................................33

· ‘hmamï´> H$s {d^y{V¶m± ...........................................34-35

· qhXr Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘hmamï´> H$m ¶moJXmZ ........................35-36

· ‘hmamï´> H$m ImZ nmZ Ed§ nhZmdm .............................37-39

· gøm{Ð Ho$ gmW ‘hmamï´> ........................................40-41

· ‘hmamï´> Ho$ Iob Am¡a {Ib‹mS>r .................................42-43

· H$hmZr d‹S>m nmd H$s... ........................................44-45

· ‘hmamï´> Ho$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ Yamoha Ed§ Xe©Zr¶ ñWb ................46-47

· amO^mfm nwañH$ma ...............................................48-49

· amO^mfm g‘mMma ..............................................50-51

· H$hmZr- "‘m§' Zht AmEJr .....................................52-53

· Am¶wî‘mZ ^d: ......................................................54

· AmnH$s ZOa ‘| .....................................................55

CorporationH mnm©oaoeZ

A Government of India Undertaking^ V gaH ma H mma CnH« ‘

3A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

{චgm{W¶mo,

‘w§~B© ‘| H$mo{dS>-19 go à^m{dV OrdZ nyao gmb ^a Ho$ ~mX A~ Yrao-Yrao {’$a go amoO‘am© H$s qOXJr ‘| AmZo H$s H$mo{ee ‘| h¡. hmbm§{H$ H$mo{dS>-19 Ho$ MbVo hm{Z Vmo ~hþV hþB© bo{H$Z h‘Zo AnZr Ag{b¶V H$mo ^r OmZm, nhMmZm Am¡a ghr ‘m¶Zo ‘| qOXJr Ho$ ‘m¶Zm| H$mo g‘P {b¶m. h‘mar n{ÌH$mE§ ^r Yrao-Yrao AnZo Q´>¡H$ na Am ahr h¢, {OgH$s ewéAmV Amn "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' Ho$ Bg A§H$ go XoI gH$Vo h¢.

h‘mam H|$Ðr¶ H$m¶m©b¶ ‘w§~B© ‘| h¡, AWm©V ‘hmamï´> ‘|! ¶h ‘hmamï´>, AnZo Amn ‘| ‘hmZ àXoe h¡, Omo {H$ g§ñH¥${V, g‘mO, kmZ, {dkmZ, Am{W©H$ J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ gmW AnZr AZyR>r H$m¶©H$mar g§ñH¥${V H$mo boH$a OmZm OmVm h¡. h‘mar qhXr n{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' Bgr ‘hmamï´> H$mo g‘m{hV H$aZo dmbm {deofm§H$ boH$a Am ahr h¡, Omo {H$ {XbMñn hmoJm Am¡a ‘Zmoa§OH$ hmoZo Ho$ gmW-gmW ‘hmamï´> Ho$ AZoH$ nhbwAm| go AmnH$m gmjmËH$ma H$admEJm.

‘hmamï´> H$s AnZr {deofVmE§ h¢ Am¡a ‘hmamï´> H$s amOYmZr ‘w§~B© H$s AnZr Im{g¶V h¡. ¶h eha

AnZo ‘| AZoH$ eham| H$mo g‘m{hV H$aHo$ MbVm h¡ Am¡a "{‘Zr B§{S>¶m' Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡. ^maV Ho$ g^r àXoem| Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo Amn ‘w§~B© ‘| XoI gH$Vo h¢. AZoH$ Om{V Y‘m] Ho$ ˶mohmam|, g‘mamohm| H$mo ‘hmamï´> ‘| ~‹S>o CËgmh Ho$ gmW ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡. ¶h amÁ¶ amï´>r¶ EH$Vm H$m Ord§V CXmhaU h¡. AnZo Zm‘ ‘| hr ‘hmZVm H$m Jm¡ad boH$a MbZo dmbo Bg amÁ¶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZZm AmnH$mo AÀN>m bJoJm, BgH$m ‘wPo {dœmg h¡.

h‘mam ~¢H$ ^r H$mo{dS>-19 go C~a H$a g‘m‘obZ H$s J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ ~mX A~ AnZr aâVma go AmJo ~‹T>Zo bJm h¡. H$mamo~ma, bm^ VWm Am{W©H$ nQ>b na Z¶o {gao go Am¡a g§¶wº$ Q>r‘ Ho$ gmW C^aZo bJm h¡. Amn g^r H$m g‘n©U, H$R>moa n[al‘ h‘mao ~¢H$ H$mo {Z{üV ê$n go "g^r H$s ng§X' H$m ~¢H$ ~ZmEJm, Bg ~mV H$m ‘wPo ^amogm h¡.

ew^H$m‘ZmAm| Ho$ gmW,

AmnH$m

(amO{H$aU a¡ Or.) à~§Y {ZXoeH$ Ed§ grB©Amo

n{aÑí`

3A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

Page 3: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

2 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

`y{Z`Z ~¢H$ Am°\$ B§{S>`m H$s {V_mhr qhXr n{ÌH$mdf© - 5, A§H$ - 4 A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a 2020

g§ajH$amO{H$aU a¡ Or.à~§Y {ZXoeH$ Ed§ grB©Amo

àYmZ g§nmXH$~«Ooída e‘m©‘w»¶ _hmà~§YH$ (‘m.g§.)

H$m`©H$mar g§nmXH$Aå~arf Hw$‘ma qghCn _hmà~§YH$

g§nmXH$S>m°. gwb^m H$moao‘w»¶ à~§YH$ (amO^mfm)

g§nmXH$ ‘§S>bAemoH$ M§Ð‘w»¶ ‘hmà~§YH

dr. dr. Q>oå^yUo©‘hmà~§YH$

Zdb {H$emoa Xr{jVghm¶H$ ‘hmà~§YH$$

amO^mfm H$m`m©Ýd`Z à^mJ`y{Z`Z ~¢H$ Am°\$ B§{S>`m, H|$Ðr` H$m`m©b`, _w§~B©Ûmam Am§V[aH$ n[aMmbZ hoVw àH$m{eVB©-_ob: sulabhakore@unionbankofi ndia.com9820468919, 022 - 22896595`y{Z`Z ~¢H$ Am°\$ B§{S>`m Ho$ {bE S>m°. gwb^m H$moao,‘w»¶ à~§YH$ (amO^mfm), amO^mfm H$m`m©Ýd`Z à^mJ,H|$Ðr` H$m`m©b`, 239, {dYmZ ^dZ _mJ©, Zar_Z nm°B§Q>,_w§~B© - 400 021 Ûmam g§nm{XV Ed§ àH$m{eV VWm O¶§V {àÝQ>ar EbEbnr, _w§~B©-2 Ûmam _w{ÐV.g§nmXH$ - S>m°. gwb^m H$moao

Bg n{ÌH$m _| àH$m{eV {dMma boIH$m| Ho$ AnZo h¢. à~§YZ H$m BZgo gh_V hmoZm Amdí`H$ Zht h¡.

Designed & Printed atJayant Printery LLP, 352/54, Girgaum Road, Murlidhar Compound,

Near � akurdwar Post O� ce, Mumbai-2. Tel.: 4366 71 71

AZwH«$‘{UH$màH$meZ {V{W: 12.11.2020

2 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

· n[aÑí¶ .............................................................. 3

· g§nmXH$s¶ ............................................................ 4

· ‘hmamï´> Ho$ ^maV aËZ {dOoVm ......................................... 5

· gm{h˶ g¥OZ ..................................................... 6-7

· H$mì¶ g¥OZ ....................................................... 8-9

· ‘hmamï´> H$m B{Vhmg Am¡a ^yJmob ...............................10-11

· ‘hmamï´> Zo ^maV H$mo ³¶m {X¶m .................................12-13

· ‘hmamï´> H$s ‘amR>r ^mfm ........................................14-15

· {deof gmjmËH$ma - S>m°. Odmha H$Zm©dQ> .......................16-17

· ‘hmamï´> Ho$ ˶mohma ..............................................18-19

· ¶oad‹S>m Oob .........................................................21

· ‘hmamï´> H$m a§J‘§M .............................................22-23

· ~m°brdwS> Am¡a ‘hmamï´> ..........................................24-25

· ¶mÌm g¥OZ- nwUo VWm ^r‘me§H$a ..............................26-27

· g|Q>a ñàoS>- ‘hmamï´> Ho$ {H$bo ...................................28-29

· ‘hmamï´> H$s ‘w§~B© ...............................................30-32

· ‘hmamï´> H$s Am{Xdmgr OZ Om{V¶m± ................................33

· ‘hmamï´> H$s {d^y{V¶m± ...........................................34-35

· qhXr Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘hmamï´> H$m ¶moJXmZ ........................35-36

· ‘hmamï´> H$m ImZ nmZ Ed§ nhZmdm .............................37-39

· gøm{Ð Ho$ gmW ‘hmamï´> ........................................40-41

· ‘hmamï´> Ho$ Iob Am¡a {Ib‹mS>r .................................42-43

· H$hmZr d‹S>m nmd H$s... ........................................44-45

· ‘hmamï´> Ho$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ Yamoha Ed§ Xe©Zr¶ ñWb ................46-47

· amO^mfm nwañH$ma ...............................................48-49

· amO^mfm g‘mMma ..............................................50-51

· H$hmZr- "‘m§' Zht AmEJr .....................................52-53

· Am¶wî‘mZ ^d: ......................................................54

· AmnH$s ZOa ‘| .....................................................55

CorporationH mnm©oaoeZ

A Government of India Undertaking^ V gaH ma H mma CnH« ‘

3A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

{චgm{W¶mo,

‘w§~B© ‘| H$mo{dS>-19 go à^m{dV OrdZ nyao gmb ^a Ho$ ~mX A~ Yrao-Yrao {’$a go amoO‘am© H$s qOXJr ‘| AmZo H$s H$mo{ee ‘| h¡. hmbm§{H$ H$mo{dS>-19 Ho$ MbVo hm{Z Vmo ~hþV hþB© bo{H$Z h‘Zo AnZr Ag{b¶V H$mo ^r OmZm, nhMmZm Am¡a ghr ‘m¶Zo ‘| qOXJr Ho$ ‘m¶Zm| H$mo g‘P {b¶m. h‘mar n{ÌH$mE§ ^r Yrao-Yrao AnZo Q´>¡H$ na Am ahr h¢, {OgH$s ewéAmV Amn "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' Ho$ Bg A§H$ go XoI gH$Vo h¢.

h‘mam H|$Ðr¶ H$m¶m©b¶ ‘w§~B© ‘| h¡, AWm©V ‘hmamï´> ‘|! ¶h ‘hmamï´>, AnZo Amn ‘| ‘hmZ àXoe h¡, Omo {H$ g§ñH¥${V, g‘mO, kmZ, {dkmZ, Am{W©H$ J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ gmW AnZr AZyR>r H$m¶©H$mar g§ñH¥${V H$mo boH$a OmZm OmVm h¡. h‘mar qhXr n{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' Bgr ‘hmamï´> H$mo g‘m{hV H$aZo dmbm {deofm§H$ boH$a Am ahr h¡, Omo {H$ {XbMñn hmoJm Am¡a ‘Zmoa§OH$ hmoZo Ho$ gmW-gmW ‘hmamï´> Ho$ AZoH$ nhbwAm| go AmnH$m gmjmËH$ma H$admEJm.

‘hmamï´> H$s AnZr {deofVmE§ h¢ Am¡a ‘hmamï´> H$s amOYmZr ‘w§~B© H$s AnZr Im{g¶V h¡. ¶h eha

AnZo ‘| AZoH$ eham| H$mo g‘m{hV H$aHo$ MbVm h¡ Am¡a "{‘Zr B§{S>¶m' Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡. ^maV Ho$ g^r àXoem| Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo Amn ‘w§~B© ‘| XoI gH$Vo h¢. AZoH$ Om{V Y‘m] Ho$ ˶mohmam|, g‘mamohm| H$mo ‘hmamï´> ‘| ~‹S>o CËgmh Ho$ gmW ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡. ¶h amÁ¶ amï´>r¶ EH$Vm H$m Ord§V CXmhaU h¡. AnZo Zm‘ ‘| hr ‘hmZVm H$m Jm¡ad boH$a MbZo dmbo Bg amÁ¶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZZm AmnH$mo AÀN>m bJoJm, BgH$m ‘wPo {dœmg h¡.

h‘mam ~¢H$ ^r H$mo{dS>-19 go C~a H$a g‘m‘obZ H$s J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ ~mX A~ AnZr aâVma go AmJo ~‹T>Zo bJm h¡. H$mamo~ma, bm^ VWm Am{W©H$ nQ>b na Z¶o {gao go Am¡a g§¶wº$ Q>r‘ Ho$ gmW C^aZo bJm h¡. Amn g^r H$m g‘n©U, H$R>moa n[al‘ h‘mao ~¢H$ H$mo {Z{üV ê$n go "g^r H$s ng§X' H$m ~¢H$ ~ZmEJm, Bg ~mV H$m ‘wPo ^amogm h¡.

ew^H$m‘ZmAm| Ho$ gmW,

AmnH$m

(amO{H$aU a¡ Or.) à~§Y {ZXoeH$ Ed§ grB©Amo

n{aÑí`

3A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

Page 4: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

4 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘§Jb Xoem, n{dÌ Xoem, ‘hmamï´> Xoem

amH$Q> Xoem, H$UIa Xoem, XJ‹S>mÀ¶m Xoem,

ZmOwH$ Xoem, H$mo‘b Xoem, ’w$bm§À¶mhr Xoem

‘hmamï´> H$m gQ>rH$ dU©Z H$aVm ¶h ‘amR>r JrV nyao ‘hmamï´>

H$s Apñ‘Vm H$mo g‘oQ>H$a ¶hr H$hVm h¡ {H$ ‘hmamï´> H$s ¶h

^y{‘ ‘§Jb, n{dÌ Am¡a MÅ>mZ H$s Vah ‘O~yV, nWarbr ^r

h¡ bo{H$Z ¶h AnZr ^mdZmAm|, Ehgmgm| H$mo boH$a CVZr hr

ZmOwH$ VWm H$mo‘b Am¡a ’y$bm| O¡gm {Xb aIVr h¡.

gh¶m{Ð nd©V H$s nd©V ûm¥§IbmAm| H$s ‘O~yV MÅ>mZ|, H$mdoar,

JmoXmdar, H¥$îUm, H$mo¶Zm Z{X¶m| H$s H$bH$b H$aVr bha| Am¡a

BZgo {Z{‘©V Cd©am ^y{‘ ‘| YmZ Am¡a Aݶ ’$gbm| Ho$ bhbhmVo

IoV, gmXJr Am¡a ñnï>Vm go AmoVàmoV ‘mZdr¶ nj VWm g^r

H$mo g‘m{hV H$aVm Am¡Xm¶©, ¶hr h¡ ‘hmamï´>! gm{h˶, b{bV

H$bmAm| go ^anya, ZmQ>ç-{gZo joÌ ‘| gdm}ƒVm H$mo boH$a

MbZo dmbm ¶h àXoe AnZr "‘w§~B©' H$mo ^maV H$s Am{W©H$

amOYmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘| noe H$aVm h¡. OrdZ H$m H$moB© ^r nj Bg

àXoe go ANy>Vm Zht, J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m H$moB© ^r {hñgm Bg àXoe

H$mo N>mo‹S>Vm Zht. ¶hm± g‹S>H$, ’w$Q>nmWm| Ho$ gmW, JJZMw§~r

AÅ>m{bH$mAm| ‘| g‘mZ ê$n go qOXJr Ord§V ahVr h¡. CÚmoJ,

IoVr, ì¶dgm¶ Amn {g’©$ Zm‘ br{OE, g~ ¶hm± ‘m¡OyX h¢.

¶hm± {‘Å>r H$s gm|Yr ‘hH$ h¡ Vmo gr‘|Q> H§$H$arQ> H$m O§Jb ^r

h¡. ¶hm± Z{X¶m| H$s bham| H$s H$bH$b h¡ Vmo g‘wÐ H$s CÎmmb

bham| H$m H$mobmhb ^r h¡. ¶hm± H$^r Z gmoZodmbm "‘w§~B©'

eha h¡ Vmo em§V Am¡a gw~h H$s JwZJwZmVr Yyn g|H$Vr Jmdm| H$s

qOXJr ^r h¡.

¶h amÁ¶ AnZo Zm‘ ‘| hr "‘hm' eãX H$mo g‘oQ>Vm h¡ Am¡a

"‘hmamï´>' H$s Bgr ‘hmZVm H$mo "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' Ho$ {deofm§H$ Ho$

ê$n ‘| ghoOH$a h‘ AmO AmnHo$ gm‘Zo àñVwV h¢. ¶h A§H$

AmnH$mo H¡$gm bJm, h‘ OmZZm MmhVo h¢, Š¶m|{H$ ‘hmamï´>

Ho$ {d{dY a§Jm| go Amn ^r Oê$a gam~moa hm|Jo, BgH$m h‘|

¶H$sZ h¡.

ew^H$m‘ZmAm| Ho$ gmW,

S>m°. gwb^m H$moao

g§nmXH$

4 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

g§nmXH$s¶

"‘hmamï´>' H$s Bgr ‘hmZVm H$mo "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' Ho$ {deofm§H$ Ho$

ê$n ‘| ghoOH$a h‘ AmO AmnHo$ gm‘Zo àñVwV h¢. ¶h A§H$

AmnH$mo H¡$gm bJm, h‘ OmZZm MmhVo h¢, Š¶m|{H$ ‘hmamï´>

Ho$ {d{dY a§Jm| go Amn ^r Oê$a gam~moa hm|Jo, BgH$m h‘|

5A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> Ho$ ^maV aËZ {dOoVm"^maV aËZ' ^maV Ho$ ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo {X¶m OmZo dmbm g~go gdm}ƒ gå‘mZ h¡. Bgr loUr ‘o ‘hmamï> Ho$ H$B© ZmJ[aH$m| Zo ^r ¶o gå‘mZ nm¶m h¡. CZ‘| Hw$N> à{V{ð>V bmoJ h¢:-S>m°. YmoÝS>mo Ho$ed H$d} (1958):- S>m°. YmoÝS>m| Ho$ed H$d} ‘hmamï> Ho$ nhbo ì¶{º$ h¡§ {OÝho§ "^maV aËZ' go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m Wm. BZH$mo ¶h gå‘mZ g‘mO godm Ho$ {bE {X¶m J¶m Wm. BÝho§ ‘h{f© H$d} Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡. BZH$m OÝ‘ 18 Aà¡b, 1858 H$mo eoamdbr S>mnmobr ‘§o hþAm Wm. CÝhm|Zo ‘{hbm {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| {deof ¶moJXmZ {X¶m h¡, CZHo$ Ûmam ñWm{nV ‘w§~B© H$m Eg.EZ.S>r.Q>r. ‘hm{dÚmb¶ ^maV H$m nhbm ‘{hbm ‘hm{dÚmb¶ h¡. CZH$s ‘¥Ë¶w 9 Zd§~a, 1962 H$mo nwUo ‘| hþB©.S>m°. nm§Sw>a§J dm‘Z H$mUo (1963):- S>m°. nm§Sw>a§J dm‘Z H$mUo H$m OÝ‘ 7 ‘B©, 1880 H$mo ‘hmamï> Ho$ aËZm{Jar ‘| hþAm Wm. ^maV gaH$ma H$s Amoa go BÝh| "‘hm‘hmonmܶm¶' H$s Cnm{Y Xr J¶r Wr. CÝh| ¶h gå‘mZ "Y‘©emó H$m B{Vhmg' Omo ~‹S>o AmH$ma ‘| 6500 n¥ð>m| H$m ^maVr¶ Y‘©emó H$m {dœH$moe h¡, Ho$ {bE àXmZ {H$¶m J¶m Wm.AmMm¶© {dZmo~m ^mdo (1983):- AmMm¶© {dZmo~m ^mdo ^maV Ho$ ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m‘ goZmZr, gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶©H$Vm© Ed§ à{gÕ Jm§YrdmXr Wo. CZH$m ‘yb Zm‘ {dZm¶H$ Zahar ^mdo Wm. CÝhm|Zo H$‘Omoa dJ© Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ CËWmZ Ho$ {bE gdm}X¶ A{^¶mZ ^r Mbm¶m Wm. CÝh| g‘mO godm Ho$ {bE 1983 ‘| CZH$s ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ Hw$N> ‘hrZm| ~mX "^maV aËZ' go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m Wm. CÝh| ^maV H$m amï>r¶ AܶmnH$ Am¡a ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr H$m AmܶmpË‘H$ CÎmam{YH$mar r g‘Pm OmVm h¡. CZHo$ Ûmam ewê$ {H$¶o J¶o " yXmZ Am§XmobZ' Ûmam CÝhm|Zo ~‹S>o gmhÿH$mam| H$mo AnZr ñdoN>m go {H$gmZm| Ed§ Jar~m| H$mo y{‘-XmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m Wm.S>m°. ^r‘amd A§~oS>H$a (1990):- S>m°. ^r‘amd A§~oS>H$a H$m OÝ‘ 14 Aà¡b, 1891 H$mo hþAm Wm. do ^maV Ho$ g§{dYmZ Ho$ OZH$ Ed§ ^maV JUamÁ¶ Ho$ {Z‘m©Vm h¢. CÝh| 1990 ‘| {d{^Þ joÌm| ‘| ¶moJXmZ Ho$ {bE ^maV aËZ {X¶m J¶m Wm. CÝhm|Zo H$B© joÌm| Ed§ nXm| na H$m¶© {H$¶m O¡go {H$ {d{YdoÎmm, AW©emó, amOZr{Vk Ed§ g‘mOgwYmaH$, do ^maV Ho$ àW‘ {d{Y Ed§ ݶm¶ ‘§Ìr aho h¢. CÝhm|Zo X{bV ~m¡Õ Am§XmobZ H$mo ào[aV {H$¶m Ed§ ANy>Vm| go gm‘m{OH$ oX^md Ho$ {déÕ A{^¶mZ Mbm¶m Wm. 6 {Xgå~a, 1956 H$mo CZH$s ‘¥Ë¶w hþB©.Oo Ama S>r Q>mQ>m (1992):- Oo Ama S>r Q>mQ>m H$m OÝ‘ 29 OwbmB©, 1904 H$mo hþAm Wm. maV Ho$ dm¶w¶mZ CÚmoJ Ed§ Aݶ CÚmoJm| ‘| CZH$m

¶moJXmZ AVwë¶ h¡. CÝhm|Zo Xoe Ho$ àW‘ dm¶w¶mZ CÚmoJ H$s ñWmnZm H$s Ed§ Xoe Ho$ g~go ~‹S>o Am¡Úmo{JH$ g‘yh, Q>mQ>m g‘yh H$mo AmJo ~‹T>mZo ‘| {deof ¶moJXmZ {X¶m. CÝh| 1992 ‘| ^maV aËZ go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m Wm. CZH$s ‘¥Ë¶w 29 Zdå~a, 1993 H$mo OoZodm ‘| hþB© Wr.gwlr bVm ‘§JoeH$a (2001):- bVm ‘§JoeH$a H$m OÝ‘ 28 {gVå~a, 1929 H$mo B§Xm¡a ‘| hþAm Wm. do ^maV H$s g~go bmoH${චAm¡a AmXaUr¶ Jm{¶H$m h¢, CÝhm|Zo bJ^J Vrg go Á¶mXm ^mfmAm| ‘| {µ’$ë‘r Am¡a J¡a-{µ’$ë‘r JmZo Jm¶o h¢ bo{H$Z CZH$s nhMmZ ^maVr¶ {gZo‘m ‘| EH$ nmœ©Jm{¶H$m Ho$ ê$n ‘| ahr h¡. CÝh| ^maV H$s ñda-gm‘«mkr; amï> H$s AmdmO; ghòm{Û H$s AmdmO; "JmZ H$mo{H$bm' ^r H$hm OmVm h¡. CÝh| 2001 ‘| ^maV aËZ go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m.n§{S>V ^r‘goZ Omoer (2008):- n§{S>V ^r‘goZ Omoer H$m OÝ‘ 4 ’$adar, 1922 H$mo hþAm Wm. do {hÝXþñVmZr g§JrV e¡br Ho$ g~go à‘wI Jm¶H$m| ‘| go EH$ h¢. n§{S>V am‘^mD$ Hw§$XJmobH$a go CÝhm|Zo emór¶ g§JrV H$s ewê$AmVr {ejm br. n§{S>V ^r‘goZ H$mo »¶mb Jm¶Z Ho$ gmW-gmW Rw>‘ar Am¡a OZ ‘| r ‘hmaV hm{gb Wr. Omoer H$m XohmÝV 25 OZdar, 2011 H$mo hþAm. BÝh| ^maV gaH$ma Ûmam H$bm Ho$ joÌ ‘| gZ 1985 ‘| nÙ yfU go ^r gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m Wm.lr g{MZ V|XþbH$a (2014):- g{MZ a‘oe V|XþbH$a H$m OÝ‘ 24 Aà¡b, 1973 H$mo ‘w§~B© ‘| hþAm Wm. CÝh| {dœ Ho$ gd©loð> ~„o~mµOm| ‘| {JZm OmVm h¡. ^maV Ho$ gdm}ƒ ZmJ[aH$ gå‘mZ "^maV aËZ' go gå‘m{ZV hmoZo dmbo dh gd©àW‘ pIbm‹S>r Am¡a g~go H$‘ C‘« Ho$ ì¶{º$ h¢. CÝh| {H«$Ho$Q> OJV H$m ^JdmZ H$hH$a ^r gå~mo{YV {H$¶m OmVm h¡.ZmZmOr Xoe‘wI (2019):- ZmZmOr Xoe‘wI H$m OÝ‘ 11 A³Vy~a, 1916 H$mo ‘hmamï> Ho$ qhJmobr {Obo Ho$ H$‹S>mobr Zm‘H$ OJh na hþAm Wm. CZH$m Agbr Zm‘ M§{S>H$mXmg A‘¥Vamd Xoe‘wI h¡. dh lr ~mb J§JmYa {VbH$ Ho$ {dMmam| go H$m’$s à^m{dV hþE Ed§ Vrg Ho$ XeH$ ‘| Ama.Eg.Eg ‘| em{‘b hþE. ‘ybV… gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘| {deof ¶moJXmZ Ho$ {bE CÝh| "^maV aËZ' go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m. {MÌHy$Q> J«m‘rU {dœ{dÚmb¶ ({OgH$s ñWmnZm CÝhm|Zo ñd¶§ H$s Wr) ‘| ahVo hþE 27 ’$adar, 2010 H$mo CÝhm|Zo A§{V‘ gm§g br.

‘hmamï´> Ho$ ^maV aËZ {dOoVm

ho‘bVm ^m{Q>¶m ¶y.Eb.nr., amOH$moQ>

5A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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4 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘§Jb Xoem, n{dÌ Xoem, ‘hmamï´> Xoem

amH$Q> Xoem, H$UIa Xoem, XJ‹S>mÀ¶m Xoem,

ZmOwH$ Xoem, H$mo‘b Xoem, ’w$bm§À¶mhr Xoem

‘hmamï´> H$m gQ>rH$ dU©Z H$aVm ¶h ‘amR>r JrV nyao ‘hmamï´>

H$s Apñ‘Vm H$mo g‘oQ>H$a ¶hr H$hVm h¡ {H$ ‘hmamï´> H$s ¶h

^y{‘ ‘§Jb, n{dÌ Am¡a MÅ>mZ H$s Vah ‘O~yV, nWarbr ^r

h¡ bo{H$Z ¶h AnZr ^mdZmAm|, Ehgmgm| H$mo boH$a CVZr hr

ZmOwH$ VWm H$mo‘b Am¡a ’y$bm| O¡gm {Xb aIVr h¡.

gh¶m{Ð nd©V H$s nd©V ûm¥§IbmAm| H$s ‘O~yV MÅ>mZ|, H$mdoar,

JmoXmdar, H¥$îUm, H$mo¶Zm Z{X¶m| H$s H$bH$b H$aVr bha| Am¡a

BZgo {Z{‘©V Cd©am ^y{‘ ‘| YmZ Am¡a Aݶ ’$gbm| Ho$ bhbhmVo

IoV, gmXJr Am¡a ñnï>Vm go AmoVàmoV ‘mZdr¶ nj VWm g^r

H$mo g‘m{hV H$aVm Am¡Xm¶©, ¶hr h¡ ‘hmamï´>! gm{h˶, b{bV

H$bmAm| go ^anya, ZmQ>ç-{gZo joÌ ‘| gdm}ƒVm H$mo boH$a

MbZo dmbm ¶h àXoe AnZr "‘w§~B©' H$mo ^maV H$s Am{W©H$

amOYmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘| noe H$aVm h¡. OrdZ H$m H$moB© ^r nj Bg

àXoe go ANy>Vm Zht, J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m H$moB© ^r {hñgm Bg àXoe

H$mo N>mo‹S>Vm Zht. ¶hm± g‹S>H$, ’w$Q>nmWm| Ho$ gmW, JJZMw§~r

AÅ>m{bH$mAm| ‘| g‘mZ ê$n go qOXJr Ord§V ahVr h¡. CÚmoJ,

IoVr, ì¶dgm¶ Amn {g’©$ Zm‘ br{OE, g~ ¶hm± ‘m¡OyX h¢.

¶hm± {‘Å>r H$s gm|Yr ‘hH$ h¡ Vmo gr‘|Q> H§$H$arQ> H$m O§Jb ^r

h¡. ¶hm± Z{X¶m| H$s bham| H$s H$bH$b h¡ Vmo g‘wÐ H$s CÎmmb

bham| H$m H$mobmhb ^r h¡. ¶hm± H$^r Z gmoZodmbm "‘w§~B©'

eha h¡ Vmo em§V Am¡a gw~h H$s JwZJwZmVr Yyn g|H$Vr Jmdm| H$s

qOXJr ^r h¡.

¶h amÁ¶ AnZo Zm‘ ‘| hr "‘hm' eãX H$mo g‘oQ>Vm h¡ Am¡a

"‘hmamï´>' H$s Bgr ‘hmZVm H$mo "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' Ho$ {deofm§H$ Ho$

ê$n ‘| ghoOH$a h‘ AmO AmnHo$ gm‘Zo àñVwV h¢. ¶h A§H$

AmnH$mo H¡$gm bJm, h‘ OmZZm MmhVo h¢, Š¶m|{H$ ‘hmamï´>

Ho$ {d{dY a§Jm| go Amn ^r Oê$a gam~moa hm|Jo, BgH$m h‘|

¶H$sZ h¡.

ew^H$m‘ZmAm| Ho$ gmW,

S>m°. gwb^m H$moao

g§nmXH$

4 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

g§nmXH$s¶

"‘hmamï´>' H$s Bgr ‘hmZVm H$mo "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' Ho$ {deofm§H$ Ho$

ê$n ‘| ghoOH$a h‘ AmO AmnHo$ gm‘Zo àñVwV h¢. ¶h A§H$

AmnH$mo H¡$gm bJm, h‘ OmZZm MmhVo h¢, Š¶m|{H$ ‘hmamï´>

Ho$ {d{dY a§Jm| go Amn ^r Oê$a gam~moa hm|Jo, BgH$m h‘|

5A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> Ho$ ^maV aËZ {dOoVm"^maV aËZ' ^maV Ho$ ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo {X¶m OmZo dmbm g~go gdm}ƒ gå‘mZ h¡. Bgr loUr ‘o ‘hmamï> Ho$ H$B© ZmJ[aH$m| Zo ^r ¶o gå‘mZ nm¶m h¡. CZ‘| Hw$N> à{V{ð>V bmoJ h¢:-S>m°. YmoÝS>mo Ho$ed H$d} (1958):- S>m°. YmoÝS>m| Ho$ed H$d} ‘hmamï> Ho$ nhbo ì¶{º$ h¡§ {OÝho§ "^maV aËZ' go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m Wm. BZH$mo ¶h gå‘mZ g‘mO godm Ho$ {bE {X¶m J¶m Wm. BÝho§ ‘h{f© H$d} Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡. BZH$m OÝ‘ 18 Aà¡b, 1858 H$mo eoamdbr S>mnmobr ‘§o hþAm Wm. CÝhm|Zo ‘{hbm {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| {deof ¶moJXmZ {X¶m h¡, CZHo$ Ûmam ñWm{nV ‘w§~B© H$m Eg.EZ.S>r.Q>r. ‘hm{dÚmb¶ ^maV H$m nhbm ‘{hbm ‘hm{dÚmb¶ h¡. CZH$s ‘¥Ë¶w 9 Zd§~a, 1962 H$mo nwUo ‘| hþB©.S>m°. nm§Sw>a§J dm‘Z H$mUo (1963):- S>m°. nm§Sw>a§J dm‘Z H$mUo H$m OÝ‘ 7 ‘B©, 1880 H$mo ‘hmamï> Ho$ aËZm{Jar ‘| hþAm Wm. ^maV gaH$ma H$s Amoa go BÝh| "‘hm‘hmonmܶm¶' H$s Cnm{Y Xr J¶r Wr. CÝh| ¶h gå‘mZ "Y‘©emó H$m B{Vhmg' Omo ~‹S>o AmH$ma ‘| 6500 n¥ð>m| H$m ^maVr¶ Y‘©emó H$m {dœH$moe h¡, Ho$ {bE àXmZ {H$¶m J¶m Wm.AmMm¶© {dZmo~m ^mdo (1983):- AmMm¶© {dZmo~m ^mdo ^maV Ho$ ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m‘ goZmZr, gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶©H$Vm© Ed§ à{gÕ Jm§YrdmXr Wo. CZH$m ‘yb Zm‘ {dZm¶H$ Zahar ^mdo Wm. CÝhm|Zo H$‘Omoa dJ© Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ CËWmZ Ho$ {bE gdm}X¶ A{^¶mZ ^r Mbm¶m Wm. CÝh| g‘mO godm Ho$ {bE 1983 ‘| CZH$s ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ Hw$N> ‘hrZm| ~mX "^maV aËZ' go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m Wm. CÝh| ^maV H$m amï>r¶ AܶmnH$ Am¡a ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr H$m AmܶmpË‘H$ CÎmam{YH$mar r g‘Pm OmVm h¡. CZHo$ Ûmam ewê$ {H$¶o J¶o " yXmZ Am§XmobZ' Ûmam CÝhm|Zo ~‹S>o gmhÿH$mam| H$mo AnZr ñdoN>m go {H$gmZm| Ed§ Jar~m| H$mo y{‘-XmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m Wm.S>m°. ^r‘amd A§~oS>H$a (1990):- S>m°. ^r‘amd A§~oS>H$a H$m OÝ‘ 14 Aà¡b, 1891 H$mo hþAm Wm. do ^maV Ho$ g§{dYmZ Ho$ OZH$ Ed§ ^maV JUamÁ¶ Ho$ {Z‘m©Vm h¢. CÝh| 1990 ‘| {d{^Þ joÌm| ‘| ¶moJXmZ Ho$ {bE ^maV aËZ {X¶m J¶m Wm. CÝhm|Zo H$B© joÌm| Ed§ nXm| na H$m¶© {H$¶m O¡go {H$ {d{YdoÎmm, AW©emó, amOZr{Vk Ed§ g‘mOgwYmaH$, do ^maV Ho$ àW‘ {d{Y Ed§ ݶm¶ ‘§Ìr aho h¢. CÝhm|Zo X{bV ~m¡Õ Am§XmobZ H$mo ào[aV {H$¶m Ed§ ANy>Vm| go gm‘m{OH$ oX^md Ho$ {déÕ A{^¶mZ Mbm¶m Wm. 6 {Xgå~a, 1956 H$mo CZH$s ‘¥Ë¶w hþB©.Oo Ama S>r Q>mQ>m (1992):- Oo Ama S>r Q>mQ>m H$m OÝ‘ 29 OwbmB©, 1904 H$mo hþAm Wm. maV Ho$ dm¶w¶mZ CÚmoJ Ed§ Aݶ CÚmoJm| ‘| CZH$m

¶moJXmZ AVwë¶ h¡. CÝhm|Zo Xoe Ho$ àW‘ dm¶w¶mZ CÚmoJ H$s ñWmnZm H$s Ed§ Xoe Ho$ g~go ~‹S>o Am¡Úmo{JH$ g‘yh, Q>mQ>m g‘yh H$mo AmJo ~‹T>mZo ‘| {deof ¶moJXmZ {X¶m. CÝh| 1992 ‘| ^maV aËZ go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m Wm. CZH$s ‘¥Ë¶w 29 Zdå~a, 1993 H$mo OoZodm ‘| hþB© Wr.gwlr bVm ‘§JoeH$a (2001):- bVm ‘§JoeH$a H$m OÝ‘ 28 {gVå~a, 1929 H$mo B§Xm¡a ‘| hþAm Wm. do ^maV H$s g~go bmoH${චAm¡a AmXaUr¶ Jm{¶H$m h¢, CÝhm|Zo bJ^J Vrg go Á¶mXm ^mfmAm| ‘| {µ’$ë‘r Am¡a J¡a-{µ’$ë‘r JmZo Jm¶o h¢ bo{H$Z CZH$s nhMmZ ^maVr¶ {gZo‘m ‘| EH$ nmœ©Jm{¶H$m Ho$ ê$n ‘| ahr h¡. CÝh| ^maV H$s ñda-gm‘«mkr; amï> H$s AmdmO; ghòm{Û H$s AmdmO; "JmZ H$mo{H$bm' ^r H$hm OmVm h¡. CÝh| 2001 ‘| ^maV aËZ go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m.n§{S>V ^r‘goZ Omoer (2008):- n§{S>V ^r‘goZ Omoer H$m OÝ‘ 4 ’$adar, 1922 H$mo hþAm Wm. do {hÝXþñVmZr g§JrV e¡br Ho$ g~go à‘wI Jm¶H$m| ‘| go EH$ h¢. n§{S>V am‘^mD$ Hw§$XJmobH$a go CÝhm|Zo emór¶ g§JrV H$s ewê$AmVr {ejm br. n§{S>V ^r‘goZ H$mo »¶mb Jm¶Z Ho$ gmW-gmW Rw>‘ar Am¡a OZ ‘| r ‘hmaV hm{gb Wr. Omoer H$m XohmÝV 25 OZdar, 2011 H$mo hþAm. BÝh| ^maV gaH$ma Ûmam H$bm Ho$ joÌ ‘| gZ 1985 ‘| nÙ yfU go ^r gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m Wm.lr g{MZ V|XþbH$a (2014):- g{MZ a‘oe V|XþbH$a H$m OÝ‘ 24 Aà¡b, 1973 H$mo ‘w§~B© ‘| hþAm Wm. CÝh| {dœ Ho$ gd©loð> ~„o~mµOm| ‘| {JZm OmVm h¡. ^maV Ho$ gdm}ƒ ZmJ[aH$ gå‘mZ "^maV aËZ' go gå‘m{ZV hmoZo dmbo dh gd©àW‘ pIbm‹S>r Am¡a g~go H$‘ C‘« Ho$ ì¶{º$ h¢. CÝh| {H«$Ho$Q> OJV H$m ^JdmZ H$hH$a ^r gå~mo{YV {H$¶m OmVm h¡.ZmZmOr Xoe‘wI (2019):- ZmZmOr Xoe‘wI H$m OÝ‘ 11 A³Vy~a, 1916 H$mo ‘hmamï> Ho$ qhJmobr {Obo Ho$ H$‹S>mobr Zm‘H$ OJh na hþAm Wm. CZH$m Agbr Zm‘ M§{S>H$mXmg A‘¥Vamd Xoe‘wI h¡. dh lr ~mb J§JmYa {VbH$ Ho$ {dMmam| go H$m’$s à^m{dV hþE Ed§ Vrg Ho$ XeH$ ‘| Ama.Eg.Eg ‘| em{‘b hþE. ‘ybV… gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘| {deof ¶moJXmZ Ho$ {bE CÝh| "^maV aËZ' go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m. {MÌHy$Q> J«m‘rU {dœ{dÚmb¶ ({OgH$s ñWmnZm CÝhm|Zo ñd¶§ H$s Wr) ‘| ahVo hþE 27 ’$adar, 2010 H$mo CÝhm|Zo A§{V‘ gm§g br.

‘hmamï´> Ho$ ^maV aËZ {dOoVm

ho‘bVm ^m{Q>¶m ¶y.Eb.nr., amOH$moQ>

5A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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6 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

nwéfmoÎm‘ bú‘U Xoenm§S>o Or H$m OÝ‘ 08-11-1919 H$mo

^maV Ho$ ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ ‘| ‘w§~B© ‘| EH$ qhXÿ ~«m÷U n[adma

‘| hþAm. CZHo$ ‘mVm H$m Zm‘ bú‘r~mB© Am¡a {nVm H$m Zm‘

bú‘U Ͷ§~H$ Xoenm§S>o Wm. CZH$s ‘m§ EH$ J¥{hUr Wt Am¡a

{nVm AmS>dmUr nona {‘b ‘| H$m‘ H$aVo Wo. CZHo$ ZmZm

F$½doX (dm‘Z ‘§Joe Xþ mfr) à{gÕ H${d Wo. {ddmh Ho$

Cnam§V gmV {XZm| ‘| hr àW‘ nËZr gw§Xa {XdmH$a H$s ‘¥Ë¶w

hmoZo Ho$ H$maU CÝhm|Zo {X. 12-06-1946 H$mo, gwZrVm

R>mHw$a go emXr H$s, Omo EH$ ‘amR>r bopIH$m r Wt. BZ XmoZm|

H$m Amngr Vmb‘ob JµO~ H$m ahm. gwZrVm Zo CZH$m g^r

H$m‘ g± mb {b¶m, CÝh| ì¶mdhm[aH$ g‘W©Z {X¶m. bo{H$Z

Xþ m©½¶ go CZH$m H$moB© ~ƒm Zht Wm.

nw. b. Xoenm§S>o Or H$mo "nw. b. Xoenm§S>o', "nw. b.' Am¡a

"^mB©' r H$hm OmVm Wm. H$bm Am¡a boIZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| CÝhm|Zo

AZoH$ y{‘H$mE§ {Z^m¶t. dh EH$ ^maVr¶ boIH$, {’$ë‘

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H$mo n‹T>Vo g‘¶ bmoJm| Ho$ Moham| na ‘wñH$mZ N>m OmVr h¡.

CZH$m ~MnZ ‘w§~B© ‘| hr ~rVm. CÝhm|Zo nmabo {VbH$

{dÚmb¶, ‘w§~B© go AnZr ‘mܶ{‘H$ {ejm nyar H$s Am¡a

Cƒ Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {bE Bñ‘mBb ¶ygw’$ H$m°boO Mbo JE.

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Am¡a EbEb~r H$s {S>J«r ^r br. {’$a do nwUo Mbo JE Ohm±

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CgHo$ ~mX, CÝhmo§Zo gm§Jbr Ho$ {dqbJS>Z H$m°boO go H$bm ‘|

ñZmVH$moÎma Cnm{Y ^r

àmá H$s. n‹T>mB© IË‘

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àmo’o$ga Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ ~obJm‘ ‘| amZr nmd©Vr Xodr

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Zo ‘w§~B© Ho$ H$s{V© H$m°boO ‘| ^r àmo’o$ga Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m‘

{H$¶m. ¶hr Zht CÝhm|Zo amï>r¶ Q>obr{dOZ (XÿaXe©Z) Ho$

{bE ^r H$m‘ {H$¶m. dh nhbo ì¶{º$ Wo {OÝhm|Zo ^maV Ho$

àW‘ àYmZ‘§Ìr lr Odmhabmb Zohê$ H$m amï>r¶ Q>obr{dOZ

na gmjmËH$ma {b¶m Wm. CÝhm|Zo Hw$N> dfm] VH$ ~r~rgr na

à{ejU ^r {b¶m Am¡a {’$a ’«$m§g Mbo JE.

‘amR>r ‘| nw. b. AnZo hmñ¶ 춧½¶ VWm JwXJwXmZodmbo

{H$ñgm| VWm ^md §{J‘mAm| Ho$ {bE OmZo OmVo h¢. O~

do H$moB© {H$ñgm, H$hmZr ¶m dmH$¶m H$hZo Ho$ {bE I‹S>o hmo

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Wo Am¡a {’$a ewê$ hmo OmVm Wm, h§gr H$m {gb{gbm. JmZm|

Am¡a g§JrV Ho$ do XrdmZo Wo. CZH$s XmoñVr n. r‘goZ Omoer,

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Wr Am¡a Bg XmoñVr Zo CÝh| ~hþV Hw$N> {X¶m.

BgHo$ Abmdm, nwéfmoÎm‘ EH$ à{gÕ g§JrVH$ma VWm

ZmQ>H$H$ma ^r Wo. CÝhm|Zo 1962 ‘| "H$m¶ dmQ>ob Vo hmoB©b',

"nwb{H$V' O¡gr H$B© ‘amR>r {H$Vm~| {bIt. CÝhm|Zo ^maVr¶

{gZo‘m ‘| EH$ A{^ZoVm Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r H$m‘ {H$¶m. CÝhm|Zo

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‘| go EH$ {’$ë‘ h¡- "Hw$~oa', Bg {µ’$ë‘ ‘| CÝhm|Zo EH$

A{^ZoVm Am¡a nmœ© Jm¶H$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m¶© {H$¶m, CgHo$

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"EH$ hmoVm {dXþfH$' (1993) ‘| ^r CÝhm|Zo A{^Z¶ {H$¶m.

nw. b. Xoenm§S>o -EH$ H¡${bS>moñH$mo{nH$ ì¶{º$Ëd

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H$mo ‘amR>r ^mfm H$^r Zht yboJr. "Agm ‘r Agm‘r',

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"A§‘bXma', "Cabm gwabm', "nwaM§S>r', "åh¡g', "A§Vw~dm©'

O¡gr CZH$s AZoH$ {H$Vm~| AmO ^r bmoJm| H$s ng§X H$m

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H$m AmO ^r O~ ‘§MZ hmoVm h¡ Vmo Xe©H$m| H$s ^r‹S> C‘‹S>Vr

h¡. CZH$m ZmQ>H$ "~Q>mQ>¶mMr Mmb' Xe©H$m| H$mo AmO ^r

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gå‘mZ Am¡a nwañH$ma

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nwañH$ma, H$m{bXmg gå‘mZ Am{X AZoH$ nwañH$mam| go CÝh|

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"Oam OnyZ', "Omohma ‘m¶~mn', "Zdam ~m¶H$mo', "nwT>M§

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"g§Xoe', "Xod~mßnm', "Zdo {~èhmS>', "JwimMm JUnVr',

"‘hmË‘m', "A§‘bXma', "‘mB©gmho~', "’y$b Am¡a H${b¶m±',

"AmO Am¡a H$b'.

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nwUo, ‘hmamï> ‘| CZHo$ {ddmh H$s 54 dt df©Jm§R> na hþB©.

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{ZYZ hmo J¶m.

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yb Zht gH$Vm.

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6 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

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Page 8: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

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Page 9: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

8 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

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Page 10: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

10 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï> H$m Zm‘ ‘hm d amï> go {‘bH$a ~Zm hþAm h¡. ¶hm§ bJ^J 11 H$amo‹S> bmoH$g§»¶m h¡. ‘w§~B© ‘hmamï> H$s amOYmZr, ZmJnwa BgH$s Cn amOYmZr h¡. ’w$bo, emhÿ, Am§~oS>H$a BZ VrZ g‘mO gwYmaH$m| H$m d¡Mm[aH$ kmZ ‘hmamï> H$mo àmá hþAm h¡.

g‘«mQ> AemoH$ Ho$ {ebmboI ^r ‘w§~B© Ho$ {ZH$Q> nmE JE h¢. Bggo ¶h ñnï> hmoVm h¡ {H$ ‘hmamï> H$m B{Vhmg A˶§V àmMrZ h¡. ‘hmamï> Ho$ nhbo àemgH$ gmVdmhZ B©gdr gZ nyd© 230 go 225 B©gdr VH$ aho, Omo ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ Ho$ g§ñWmnH$ aho. CÝhm|Zo AnZo nrN>o ~hþV gm gm{h˶, H$bmË‘H$ VWm nwamVmpËdH$ à‘mU N>mo‹S>m. CZHo$ emgZ H$mb ‘| ‘mZd OrdZ Ho$ ha joÌ ‘| àJ{V hþB©. CZHo$ Cnam§V "dmH$Q>H$' AmE {OÝhm|Zo ^maVr¶ gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s ñWmnZm H$s. CZHo$ emgZH$mb ‘| ‘hmamï> ‘| {ejm, H$bm VWm Y‘© H$m A˶{YH$ {dH$mg hþAm. CZHo$ emgZ Ho$ Xm¡amZ hr AO§Vm H$s Jw’$mE§, Cƒ H$mo{Q> Ho$ {^{Îm {MÌ ~ZmE JE. dmH$Q>H$ Ho$ ~mX Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ {bE H$bMwar d§e Zo emgZ {H$¶m Am¡a {’$a MmbwŠ¶ gÎmm ¶hm§ ñWm{nV hþB©.

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17 dt gXr VH$, emhOr mogbo, ‘wJbm| Am¡a ~rOmnwa Ho$ Am{Xb emh H$s godm ‘| EH$ ‘hËdmH$m§jr ñWmZr¶ gm‘mݶ, CgH$s ñdV§Ì emgZ ñWm{nV H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m. CZHo$ nwÌ {edmOramOo ^mogbo Zo ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s Ztd S>mb Xr Am¡a EH$ {demb gm‘«mÁ¶ ñWm{nV {H$¶m.

‘hmamO {edmOr Ho$ Hw$eb ZoV¥Ëd ‘| ‘hmamï> H$m gdmªJrU {dH$mg g§ d hmo gH$m. {edmOr Zo ñdamÁ¶ VWm amï>r¶Vm H$s EH$ ZB© ^mdZm ‘hmamï> Ho$ bmoJm| ‘| OmJê$H$ H$s. CZH$s àM§S> e{º$ go ‘wJb emgH$ ‘hmamï> Ho$ Bg joÌ na H$ãOm Zht H$a gHo$.

{edmOr ‘hmamO H$m amÁ¶m{^foH$ 1674 B©gdr ‘| hþAm. CZHo$ ‘§S>b H$mo Aï>àYmZ ^r H$hm OmVm h¢ Š¶m|{H$ Aï> àYmZ ‘§Ìr AbJ-AbJ joÌ Ho$ à‘wI Wo, Omo amÁ¶ H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m {ZnQ>mZ Am¡a gwYma H$aZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ Wm.

BgHo$ Cnam§V ‘amR>m|> H$s e{º$ ‘| CÎmamoÎma d¥{Õ hþB© Am¡a AR>mahdt gXr Ho$ AÝV VH$ ‘amR>m bJ^J nyao ‘hmamï> na Vmo ’¡$b hr MwHo$ Wo, CZH$m gm‘«mÁ¶ X{jU ‘| H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ X{jUr {gao VH$ nhþ±M J¶m Wm.

CZHo$ nümV ‘amR>m [a¶mgV Ho$ gaXma ~‹S>m¡Xm Ho$ Jm¶H$dm‹S>, B§Xm¡a Ho$ hmoiH$a, ½dm{b¶a Ho$ qeXo Am¡a noedmAm| (àYmZ‘§{̶m|) Ûmam {dñVma {H$¶m J¶m Wm. CÝhm|Zo ‘wJbm| H$mo namñV {H$¶m Am¡a maVr¶ Cn‘hmÛrn Ho$ CÎmar Am¡a ‘ܶ ^mJm| Ho$ ~‹S>o àXoem| na {dO¶ àmá H$s. AR>madt gXr Ho$ A§V VH$ ZB© {X„r g{hV ‘ܶ Am¡a CÎma ^maV na emgZ {H$¶m.

‘hmamï> Ho$ A{YH$m§e g‘mO gwYmaH$m| Zo g‘mO ‘| n[adV©Z bmZo Ed§ H«$m§{V bmZo H$m H$m¶© {H$¶m. Hw$N> g‘mO gwYmaH$m| Zo Om{V oX^md H$mo Xÿa H$aZo H$m àU {b¶m Vmo Hw$N> g‘mO gwYmaH$m| Zo ‘{hbm ge{º$H$aU Am¡a H$‘©H$m§S> na ~b {X¶m.

Eogo hr ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V amd ’y$bo Zo ór {ejm Am¡a {ejU H$mo ‘hËd XoZo H$m à‘wI H$m¶© {H$¶m. OJÞmW e§H$a goR>, bmoH${hVdmXr Jmonmb har Xoe‘wI, ^mD$ XmOr bm‹S>, XmS>mo~m nm§Sw>a§J Eogo AZoH$ g‘mO gwYmaH$ ‘hmamï> H$s YaVr na hþE.

gm{dÌr~mB© àW‘ ‘{hbm {e{jH$m, g‘mO gwYmaH$, ‘amR>r H${d¶Ìr ahr. CÝhm|Zo AnZo n{V Á¶mo{V amd ’w$bo Ho$ gmW {‘bH$a ór A{YH$mam| Ed§ {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| C„oIZr¶ H$m¶© {H$¶m.

dmgwXod ~bd§V ’$‹S>Ho$ dh H«$m§{VH$mar aho {OgH$s Am{Xdmgr goZm Zo A§J«oOm| H$mo bmoho Ho$ MZo M~m {XE. dh {~«{Q>e gaH$ma Ho$ {déÕ geó {dÐmoh H$m g§JR>Z H$aZo dmbo ^maV Ho$ àW‘ H«$m§{VH$mar aho.

ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m‘ ‘| ‘hmamï> g~go AJ«Ur ahm. ^maVr¶ amï>r¶ H$m§J«og H$m OÝ‘ r ¶ht hþAm. ‘w§~B© VWm ‘hmamï> Ho$ Aݶ eham| Ho$ AZ{JZV ZoVmAm| Zo {VbH$ Ho$ Cnam§V ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr Ho$ ‘mJ©Xe©Z ‘| H$m§J«og Ho$ Am§XmobZ H$mo AmJo ~‹T>m¶m. Jm§Yr Or Zo AnZo Am§XmobZ H$m H|$Ð ‘hmamï> H$mo hr ~Zm¶m.

20 dt gXr H$s ewéAmV ‘|, AmOmXr Ho$ g§Kf© Zo ~mb J§JmYa {VbH$ Am¡a {dZm¶H$ Xm‘moXa gmdaH$a O¡go Ma‘n§{W¶m| Am¡a OpñQ>g ‘hmXod JmoqdX amZS>o, Jmonmb H¥$îU JmoIbo, {’$amoOemh ‘ohVm Am¡a XmXm^mB© Zm¡amoOr O¡go Za‘n§{W¶m| Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd ‘| AmH$ma bo {b¶m.

‘hmamï> H$m àW‘ H«$m§{VH$mar g§JR>Z 1896 -97 ‘| nwUo ‘| Xm‘moXa MmnoH$a Am¡a ~mbH¥$îU har MmnoH$a Ûmam ñWm{nV {H$¶m J¶m. {dZm¶H$ Xm‘moXa

10 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> H$m B{VhmgAm¡a ^yJmob

10 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

11A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

gmdaH$a ^maVr¶ ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmobZ Ho$ AJ«Ur goZmZr aho. {dZm¶H$ Xm‘moXa gmdaH$a Ûmam {bpIV nwñVH$ "X B§{S>¶Z dm°a Am°’$ B§{S>n|S|>g²' Zo {~«{Q>e emgZ H$s Ztd H$mo {hbm Ho$ aI {X¶m.

1942 ‘| "^maV N>mo‹S>mo Am§XmobZ' Ho$ joÌ ‘| EH$ AqhgH$ g{dZ¶ Adkm Am§XmobZ Am¡a h‘bm| Ûmam {M{•V {H$¶m J¶m Wm Omo Jm§Yr Ûmam ~wbm¶m J¶m Wm.

‘h{f© Ym|S>mo Ho$ed H$d}, {dYdm {ddmh Ho$ Am§XmobZ Ho$ à‘wI H$m¶©H$mar aho. {dYdm hþB© ‘{hbmAm| H$m nwZ{d©dmh hmoZm Mm{hE Bg{bE CÝhm|Zo OrdZ ^a à¶mg {H$¶m.

^maV ñdV§Ì hmoZo Ho$ Cnam§V ‘amR>r ^mfm ~mobZo dmbm| H$m ^mfm dma àm§V aMZm Ho$ AmYma na amÁ¶ ñWm{nV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Omo Am§XmobZ {H$¶m J¶m Cgo "g§¶wº$ ‘hmamï> Am§XmobZ' H$hm J¶m. ^mfm Ho$ AmYma na EH$ amÁ¶ ~ZmZm Mm{hE, Eogo {dMma Cg g‘¶ ào[aV Wo. ‘w§~B©, h¡Xam~mX g§ñWmZ Am¡a ‘ܶ àm§V go ~‹S>o ‘hmamï> H$s ñWmnZm hþB©. A§J«oOm| Ho$ O‘mZo ‘| ‘hmamï> Am¡a JwOamV H$m ñWmnZm {Xdg 1 ‘B© H$mo ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡. ‘w§~B© amÁ¶ go ‘hmamï> Am¡a JwOamV Ho$ JR>Z H$m àñVmd Am¶m Vmo VËH$mbrZ àYmZ‘§Ìr n§{S>V Odmhabmb Zohê$ Zo ‘w§~B© H$mo AbJ H|$Ð em{gV àXoe ~ZmZo H$s {gµ’$m[ae H$s Wr. CZH$m VH©$ ¶h Wm {H$ ‘w§~B© H$mo Xoe H$s Am{W©H$ amOYmZr ~ZmE aIm OmE ³¶m|{H$ ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡.

Xoe H$s AmOmXr Ho$ ~mX ^maV Ho$ g^r ‘amR>r ^mfr joÌm| H$m g‘m¶moOZ H$aHo$ EH$ amÁ¶ ~ZmZo H$mo boH$a ~‹S>m Am§XmobZ Mbm Am¡a Bgr Ho$ ‘ÔoZOa 1 ‘B©, 1960 H$mo H$m|H$U, ‘amR>dm‹S>m, n{ü‘ ‘hmamï>, X{jU ‘hmamï>, CÎma ‘hmamï>, ImZXoe VWm {dX © Am{X g§ mJm| H$mo Omo‹S>H$a ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ H$s ñWmnZm H$s JB©. ~r. Or. Ioa, {ÌH$moUr¶ ~hþ mfr ‘w§~B© àogrS|>gr Ho$ nhbo ‘w»¶‘§Ìr aho.

‘hmamï> H$m yJmob

Eogm ‘mZm OmVm h¡ {H$ gZ 1000 B©gm nyd© go ‘hmamï> ‘| IoVr hmoVr Wr bo{H$Z Cg g‘¶ ‘m¡g‘ ‘| AMmZH$ n[adV©Z Am¶m Am¡a H¥${f éH$ JB© Wr. gZ² 500 B©gm nyd© Ho$ Amgnmg ‘w§~B© (àmMrZ Zm‘ ewnm©aH$, gmona) EH$ ‘hËdnyU© nÎmZ ~ZH$a C^am Wm.

amOñWmZ Am¡a ‘ܶ àXoe Ho$ Cnam§V ‘hmamï> Vrgam g~go ~‹S>m amÁ¶ h¡. ‘hmamï> H$m joÌ’$b 307713 dJ© {H$bmo‘rQ>a h¡. Bgo àemg{ZH$ {d^mJm| ‘| ~m§Q>m J¶m h¡ dh H$m|H$U, nwUo, Zm{eH$, Am¡a§Jm~mX, A‘amdVr Am¡a ZmJnwa h¡. ¶hm§ H$s Hw$b OZg§»¶m bJ^J 11 H$amo‹S> Ho$ nmg-nmg h¡ ‘hmamï> àm¶Ûrnr¶ ^maV Ho$ CÎma ‘| ~gm hþAm h¡. ^m¡Jmo{bH$ Ñ{ï> go ‘w§~B© ~§XaJmh Aa~ gmJa H$m EH$ ‘hËdnyU© ~§XaJmh h¡. ¶h amÁ¶ ‘w»¶ nR>mar joÌ h¡ Am¡a Bg{bE Bgo nR>mam| H$m nR>ma ^r H$hVo h¢. ¶hm§ Ho$ n{ü‘ {H$Zmao gømÐr na nhm{‹S>¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢, amÁ¶ Ho$ CÎma ^mJ ‘| gVnw‹S>m H$s nhm{‹S>¶m§ h¢, O~{H$ AO§Vm nhm{‹S>¶m§ amÁ¶ Ho$ ‘ܶ ^mJ go hmoH$a OmVr h¢. Aa~ gmJa ‘hmamï> H$s n{ü‘ gr‘m na h¡. bJ^J 65% H$m‘H$mOr OZVm H¥${f VWm g§~§{YV J{V{d{Y¶m| na {Z ©a ahVr h¡. ¶hm§ H$s à‘wI ’$gb| YmZ, Om¡, ~mOam, Johÿ§, Vya, ‘y§J, C‹S>X, MZm d

Aݶ XbhZ Am{X h¢. ¶h amÁ¶ {VbhZm| H$m à‘wI CËnmXH$ ^r h¡ Am¡a ‘y§J’$br, gyaO‘wIr, gmo¶m~rZ Am{X à‘wI ’$gb| ^r ¶hm§ CJmB© OmVr h¢. H$nmg, JÞm, hëXr Am¡a gpãO¶m§ amÁ¶ Ho$ CÎma ‘| CJmB© OmVr h¢. ‘hmamï> H$mo Xoe H$m Am¡Úmo{JH$ j‘Vm H$m H|$Ð ‘mZm OmVm h¡ Am¡a amÁ¶ H$s amOYmZr ‘w§~B© Xoe H$s {dÎmr¶ VWm dm{UpÁ¶H$ J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m H|$Ð h¡. ‘hmamï> H$s AW©ì¶dñWm ‘| Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌ H$m ‘hËdnyU© ñWmZ h¡. ImÚ CËnmX, V§~mHy$ go ~ZZo dmbr dñVwE§, H$n‹S>o go ~ZZo dmbo gm‘mZ, H$mJO Am¡a BÌ go ~ZZo dmbr dñVwE§, a~a, ßbmpñQ>H$, amgm¶{ZH$ CËnmX, ‘erZ, {~Obr, ¶§Ì CnH$aU, n[adhZ Ho$ gmYZ Am{X Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌm| H$m EH$ ~hþV ~‹S>m ^mJ ‘hmamï> ‘| h¡.

{~Obr Am¡a qgMmB© Ho$ joÌ ‘| ^r ‘hmamï> Aݶ amÁ¶m| go AJ«Ur h¡. ¶hm§ Ob {dÚwV H|$Ð Om¶H$dm‹S>r, H$mo¶Zm, Imonmobr, n|M, {^dnwar, {V„mar, ¶obXmar, ^mQ>Ka, ndZm, Eogo AZoH$ ñWmZ h¢. Vmn {dÚwV H|$Ð ‘wgdb, H$moamS>r, M§Ðnwa, Zm{gH$, Q>m§~o,CaU, ~„maemh Am{X H|$Ð ¶hm§ ñWm{nV h¢.

¶ht go Aݶ amÁ¶m| ‘| ^r {~Obr nhþ§MmB© OmVr h¡. ^maV Ho$ ‘ܶ pñWV ZmJnwa eha, Omo ‘hmamï> H$s Cn amOYmZr ^r h¡, H$mo ^maV Ho$ à˶oH$ joÌ H$m H|$Ð q~Xþ ‘mZm OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bgr eha go n[adhZ Am¡a Aݶ gw{dYmE§ g§nyU© ^maV go Omo‹S>Zo H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡.

‘hmamï> ‘| 5983 {H$bmo‘rQ>a aob ‘mJ© h¡. Hw$b 24 hdmB© AÈo> h¢. ¶hm§ Ho$ n¶©Q>Z ñWb ‘| g~go ‘hËdnyU© AO§Vm-Ebmoam, E{b’|$Q>m, H$mÝhoar-H$mabm Jw’$mE§! ‘hm~boœa, ‘mWoamZ, n§MJZr, {MIbYam, nÝhmbm nd©Vr¶ ñWb h¢. n§T>anwa, Zm{gH$, {eS>u, Zm§Xo‹S> ZmJZmW, ̶§~Ho$œa, VwbOmnwa, ^r‘me§H$a, OoOwar VWm Aݶ à{gÕ Ym{‘©H$ ñWb h¢.

‘{P‘m gmoZQ>¸o$ jo.H$m., ZmJnwa

11A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 11A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

gmdaH$a ^maVr¶ ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmobZ Ho$ AJ«Ur goZmZr aho. {dZm¶H$

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

Page 11: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

10 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï> H$m Zm‘ ‘hm d amï> go {‘bH$a ~Zm hþAm h¡. ¶hm§ bJ^J 11 H$amo‹S> bmoH$g§»¶m h¡. ‘w§~B© ‘hmamï> H$s amOYmZr, ZmJnwa BgH$s Cn amOYmZr h¡. ’w$bo, emhÿ, Am§~oS>H$a BZ VrZ g‘mO gwYmaH$m| H$m d¡Mm[aH$ kmZ ‘hmamï> H$mo àmá hþAm h¡.

g‘«mQ> AemoH$ Ho$ {ebmboI ^r ‘w§~B© Ho$ {ZH$Q> nmE JE h¢. Bggo ¶h ñnï> hmoVm h¡ {H$ ‘hmamï> H$m B{Vhmg A˶§V àmMrZ h¡. ‘hmamï> Ho$ nhbo àemgH$ gmVdmhZ B©gdr gZ nyd© 230 go 225 B©gdr VH$ aho, Omo ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ Ho$ g§ñWmnH$ aho. CÝhm|Zo AnZo nrN>o ~hþV gm gm{h˶, H$bmË‘H$ VWm nwamVmpËdH$ à‘mU N>mo‹S>m. CZHo$ emgZ H$mb ‘| ‘mZd OrdZ Ho$ ha joÌ ‘| àJ{V hþB©. CZHo$ Cnam§V "dmH$Q>H$' AmE {OÝhm|Zo ^maVr¶ gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s ñWmnZm H$s. CZHo$ emgZH$mb ‘| ‘hmamï> ‘| {ejm, H$bm VWm Y‘© H$m A˶{YH$ {dH$mg hþAm. CZHo$ emgZ Ho$ Xm¡amZ hr AO§Vm H$s Jw’$mE§, Cƒ H$mo{Q> Ho$ {^{Îm {MÌ ~ZmE JE. dmH$Q>H$ Ho$ ~mX Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ {bE H$bMwar d§e Zo emgZ {H$¶m Am¡a {’$a MmbwŠ¶ gÎmm ¶hm§ ñWm{nV hþB©.

~mS> ‘| VQ>dVu BbmH$m| ‘| ‘hmamï> na amï>Hy$Q> VWm ¶mXd Ho$ emgZH$mb H$m {Z¶§ÌU ahm. ¶mXdm| Zo ‘amR>r H$mo emgZ H$s ^mfm ~Zm¶m Am¡a X{jU Ho$ EH$ ~‹S>o ^mJ na AnZm Am{Yn˶ ñWm{nV {H$¶m.

emgH$ ‘mohå‘X {~Z VwJbH$ Zo AnZr amOYmZr {X„r go hQ>mH$a Xm¡bVm~mX H$mo H$a {b¶m, ¶hr ñWmZ nhbo Xod{Jar Zm‘ go à{gÕ Wm, A~ ¶h Ah‘XZJa Ho$ g‘rn hr h¡.

17 dt gXr VH$, emhOr mogbo, ‘wJbm| Am¡a ~rOmnwa Ho$ Am{Xb emh H$s godm ‘| EH$ ‘hËdmH$m§jr ñWmZr¶ gm‘mݶ, CgH$s ñdV§Ì emgZ ñWm{nV H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m. CZHo$ nwÌ {edmOramOo ^mogbo Zo ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s Ztd S>mb Xr Am¡a EH$ {demb gm‘«mÁ¶ ñWm{nV {H$¶m.

‘hmamO {edmOr Ho$ Hw$eb ZoV¥Ëd ‘| ‘hmamï> H$m gdmªJrU {dH$mg g§ d hmo gH$m. {edmOr Zo ñdamÁ¶ VWm amï>r¶Vm H$s EH$ ZB© ^mdZm ‘hmamï> Ho$ bmoJm| ‘| OmJê$H$ H$s. CZH$s àM§S> e{º$ go ‘wJb emgH$ ‘hmamï> Ho$ Bg joÌ na H$ãOm Zht H$a gHo$.

{edmOr ‘hmamO H$m amÁ¶m{^foH$ 1674 B©gdr ‘| hþAm. CZHo$ ‘§S>b H$mo Aï>àYmZ ^r H$hm OmVm h¢ Š¶m|{H$ Aï> àYmZ ‘§Ìr AbJ-AbJ joÌ Ho$ à‘wI Wo, Omo amÁ¶ H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m {ZnQ>mZ Am¡a gwYma H$aZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ Wm.

BgHo$ Cnam§V ‘amR>m|> H$s e{º$ ‘| CÎmamoÎma d¥{Õ hþB© Am¡a AR>mahdt gXr Ho$ AÝV VH$ ‘amR>m bJ^J nyao ‘hmamï> na Vmo ’¡$b hr MwHo$ Wo, CZH$m gm‘«mÁ¶ X{jU ‘| H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ X{jUr {gao VH$ nhþ±M J¶m Wm.

CZHo$ nümV ‘amR>m [a¶mgV Ho$ gaXma ~‹S>m¡Xm Ho$ Jm¶H$dm‹S>, B§Xm¡a Ho$ hmoiH$a, ½dm{b¶a Ho$ qeXo Am¡a noedmAm| (àYmZ‘§{̶m|) Ûmam {dñVma {H$¶m J¶m Wm. CÝhm|Zo ‘wJbm| H$mo namñV {H$¶m Am¡a maVr¶ Cn‘hmÛrn Ho$ CÎmar Am¡a ‘ܶ ^mJm| Ho$ ~‹S>o àXoem| na {dO¶ àmá H$s. AR>madt gXr Ho$ A§V VH$ ZB© {X„r g{hV ‘ܶ Am¡a CÎma ^maV na emgZ {H$¶m.

‘hmamï> Ho$ A{YH$m§e g‘mO gwYmaH$m| Zo g‘mO ‘| n[adV©Z bmZo Ed§ H«$m§{V bmZo H$m H$m¶© {H$¶m. Hw$N> g‘mO gwYmaH$m| Zo Om{V oX^md H$mo Xÿa H$aZo H$m àU {b¶m Vmo Hw$N> g‘mO gwYmaH$m| Zo ‘{hbm ge{º$H$aU Am¡a H$‘©H$m§S> na ~b {X¶m.

Eogo hr ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V amd ’y$bo Zo ór {ejm Am¡a {ejU H$mo ‘hËd XoZo H$m à‘wI H$m¶© {H$¶m. OJÞmW e§H$a goR>, bmoH${hVdmXr Jmonmb har Xoe‘wI, ^mD$ XmOr bm‹S>, XmS>mo~m nm§Sw>a§J Eogo AZoH$ g‘mO gwYmaH$ ‘hmamï> H$s YaVr na hþE.

gm{dÌr~mB© àW‘ ‘{hbm {e{jH$m, g‘mO gwYmaH$, ‘amR>r H${d¶Ìr ahr. CÝhm|Zo AnZo n{V Á¶mo{V amd ’w$bo Ho$ gmW {‘bH$a ór A{YH$mam| Ed§ {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| C„oIZr¶ H$m¶© {H$¶m.

dmgwXod ~bd§V ’$‹S>Ho$ dh H«$m§{VH$mar aho {OgH$s Am{Xdmgr goZm Zo A§J«oOm| H$mo bmoho Ho$ MZo M~m {XE. dh {~«{Q>e gaH$ma Ho$ {déÕ geó {dÐmoh H$m g§JR>Z H$aZo dmbo ^maV Ho$ àW‘ H«$m§{VH$mar aho.

ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m‘ ‘| ‘hmamï> g~go AJ«Ur ahm. ^maVr¶ amï>r¶ H$m§J«og H$m OÝ‘ r ¶ht hþAm. ‘w§~B© VWm ‘hmamï> Ho$ Aݶ eham| Ho$ AZ{JZV ZoVmAm| Zo {VbH$ Ho$ Cnam§V ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr Ho$ ‘mJ©Xe©Z ‘| H$m§J«og Ho$ Am§XmobZ H$mo AmJo ~‹T>m¶m. Jm§Yr Or Zo AnZo Am§XmobZ H$m H|$Ð ‘hmamï> H$mo hr ~Zm¶m.

20 dt gXr H$s ewéAmV ‘|, AmOmXr Ho$ g§Kf© Zo ~mb J§JmYa {VbH$ Am¡a {dZm¶H$ Xm‘moXa gmdaH$a O¡go Ma‘n§{W¶m| Am¡a OpñQ>g ‘hmXod JmoqdX amZS>o, Jmonmb H¥$îU JmoIbo, {’$amoOemh ‘ohVm Am¡a XmXm^mB© Zm¡amoOr O¡go Za‘n§{W¶m| Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd ‘| AmH$ma bo {b¶m.

‘hmamï> H$m àW‘ H«$m§{VH$mar g§JR>Z 1896 -97 ‘| nwUo ‘| Xm‘moXa MmnoH$a Am¡a ~mbH¥$îU har MmnoH$a Ûmam ñWm{nV {H$¶m J¶m. {dZm¶H$ Xm‘moXa

10 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> H$m B{VhmgAm¡a ^yJmob

10 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

11A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

gmdaH$a ^maVr¶ ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmobZ Ho$ AJ«Ur goZmZr aho. {dZm¶H$ Xm‘moXa gmdaH$a Ûmam {bpIV nwñVH$ "X B§{S>¶Z dm°a Am°’$ B§{S>n|S|>g²' Zo {~«{Q>e emgZ H$s Ztd H$mo {hbm Ho$ aI {X¶m.

1942 ‘| "^maV N>mo‹S>mo Am§XmobZ' Ho$ joÌ ‘| EH$ AqhgH$ g{dZ¶ Adkm Am§XmobZ Am¡a h‘bm| Ûmam {M{•V {H$¶m J¶m Wm Omo Jm§Yr Ûmam ~wbm¶m J¶m Wm.

‘h{f© Ym|S>mo Ho$ed H$d}, {dYdm {ddmh Ho$ Am§XmobZ Ho$ à‘wI H$m¶©H$mar aho. {dYdm hþB© ‘{hbmAm| H$m nwZ{d©dmh hmoZm Mm{hE Bg{bE CÝhm|Zo OrdZ ^a à¶mg {H$¶m.

^maV ñdV§Ì hmoZo Ho$ Cnam§V ‘amR>r ^mfm ~mobZo dmbm| H$m ^mfm dma àm§V aMZm Ho$ AmYma na amÁ¶ ñWm{nV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Omo Am§XmobZ {H$¶m J¶m Cgo "g§¶wº$ ‘hmamï> Am§XmobZ' H$hm J¶m. ^mfm Ho$ AmYma na EH$ amÁ¶ ~ZmZm Mm{hE, Eogo {dMma Cg g‘¶ ào[aV Wo. ‘w§~B©, h¡Xam~mX g§ñWmZ Am¡a ‘ܶ àm§V go ~‹S>o ‘hmamï> H$s ñWmnZm hþB©. A§J«oOm| Ho$ O‘mZo ‘| ‘hmamï> Am¡a JwOamV H$m ñWmnZm {Xdg 1 ‘B© H$mo ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡. ‘w§~B© amÁ¶ go ‘hmamï> Am¡a JwOamV Ho$ JR>Z H$m àñVmd Am¶m Vmo VËH$mbrZ àYmZ‘§Ìr n§{S>V Odmhabmb Zohê$ Zo ‘w§~B© H$mo AbJ H|$Ð em{gV àXoe ~ZmZo H$s {gµ’$m[ae H$s Wr. CZH$m VH©$ ¶h Wm {H$ ‘w§~B© H$mo Xoe H$s Am{W©H$ amOYmZr ~ZmE aIm OmE ³¶m|{H$ ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡.

Xoe H$s AmOmXr Ho$ ~mX ^maV Ho$ g^r ‘amR>r ^mfr joÌm| H$m g‘m¶moOZ H$aHo$ EH$ amÁ¶ ~ZmZo H$mo boH$a ~‹S>m Am§XmobZ Mbm Am¡a Bgr Ho$ ‘ÔoZOa 1 ‘B©, 1960 H$mo H$m|H$U, ‘amR>dm‹S>m, n{ü‘ ‘hmamï>, X{jU ‘hmamï>, CÎma ‘hmamï>, ImZXoe VWm {dX © Am{X g§ mJm| H$mo Omo‹S>H$a ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ H$s ñWmnZm H$s JB©. ~r. Or. Ioa, {ÌH$moUr¶ ~hþ mfr ‘w§~B© àogrS|>gr Ho$ nhbo ‘w»¶‘§Ìr aho.

‘hmamï> H$m yJmob

Eogm ‘mZm OmVm h¡ {H$ gZ 1000 B©gm nyd© go ‘hmamï> ‘| IoVr hmoVr Wr bo{H$Z Cg g‘¶ ‘m¡g‘ ‘| AMmZH$ n[adV©Z Am¶m Am¡a H¥${f éH$ JB© Wr. gZ² 500 B©gm nyd© Ho$ Amgnmg ‘w§~B© (àmMrZ Zm‘ ewnm©aH$, gmona) EH$ ‘hËdnyU© nÎmZ ~ZH$a C^am Wm.

amOñWmZ Am¡a ‘ܶ àXoe Ho$ Cnam§V ‘hmamï> Vrgam g~go ~‹S>m amÁ¶ h¡. ‘hmamï> H$m joÌ’$b 307713 dJ© {H$bmo‘rQ>a h¡. Bgo àemg{ZH$ {d^mJm| ‘| ~m§Q>m J¶m h¡ dh H$m|H$U, nwUo, Zm{eH$, Am¡a§Jm~mX, A‘amdVr Am¡a ZmJnwa h¡. ¶hm§ H$s Hw$b OZg§»¶m bJ^J 11 H$amo‹S> Ho$ nmg-nmg h¡ ‘hmamï> àm¶Ûrnr¶ ^maV Ho$ CÎma ‘| ~gm hþAm h¡. ^m¡Jmo{bH$ Ñ{ï> go ‘w§~B© ~§XaJmh Aa~ gmJa H$m EH$ ‘hËdnyU© ~§XaJmh h¡. ¶h amÁ¶ ‘w»¶ nR>mar joÌ h¡ Am¡a Bg{bE Bgo nR>mam| H$m nR>ma ^r H$hVo h¢. ¶hm§ Ho$ n{ü‘ {H$Zmao gømÐr na nhm{‹S>¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢, amÁ¶ Ho$ CÎma ^mJ ‘| gVnw‹S>m H$s nhm{‹S>¶m§ h¢, O~{H$ AO§Vm nhm{‹S>¶m§ amÁ¶ Ho$ ‘ܶ ^mJ go hmoH$a OmVr h¢. Aa~ gmJa ‘hmamï> H$s n{ü‘ gr‘m na h¡. bJ^J 65% H$m‘H$mOr OZVm H¥${f VWm g§~§{YV J{V{d{Y¶m| na {Z ©a ahVr h¡. ¶hm§ H$s à‘wI ’$gb| YmZ, Om¡, ~mOam, Johÿ§, Vya, ‘y§J, C‹S>X, MZm d

Aݶ XbhZ Am{X h¢. ¶h amÁ¶ {VbhZm| H$m à‘wI CËnmXH$ ^r h¡ Am¡a ‘y§J’$br, gyaO‘wIr, gmo¶m~rZ Am{X à‘wI ’$gb| ^r ¶hm§ CJmB© OmVr h¢. H$nmg, JÞm, hëXr Am¡a gpãO¶m§ amÁ¶ Ho$ CÎma ‘| CJmB© OmVr h¢. ‘hmamï> H$mo Xoe H$m Am¡Úmo{JH$ j‘Vm H$m H|$Ð ‘mZm OmVm h¡ Am¡a amÁ¶ H$s amOYmZr ‘w§~B© Xoe H$s {dÎmr¶ VWm dm{UpÁ¶H$ J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m H|$Ð h¡. ‘hmamï> H$s AW©ì¶dñWm ‘| Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌ H$m ‘hËdnyU© ñWmZ h¡. ImÚ CËnmX, V§~mHy$ go ~ZZo dmbr dñVwE§, H$n‹S>o go ~ZZo dmbo gm‘mZ, H$mJO Am¡a BÌ go ~ZZo dmbr dñVwE§, a~a, ßbmpñQ>H$, amgm¶{ZH$ CËnmX, ‘erZ, {~Obr, ¶§Ì CnH$aU, n[adhZ Ho$ gmYZ Am{X Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌm| H$m EH$ ~hþV ~‹S>m ^mJ ‘hmamï> ‘| h¡.

{~Obr Am¡a qgMmB© Ho$ joÌ ‘| ^r ‘hmamï> Aݶ amÁ¶m| go AJ«Ur h¡. ¶hm§ Ob {dÚwV H|$Ð Om¶H$dm‹S>r, H$mo¶Zm, Imonmobr, n|M, {^dnwar, {V„mar, ¶obXmar, ^mQ>Ka, ndZm, Eogo AZoH$ ñWmZ h¢. Vmn {dÚwV H|$Ð ‘wgdb, H$moamS>r, M§Ðnwa, Zm{gH$, Q>m§~o,CaU, ~„maemh Am{X H|$Ð ¶hm§ ñWm{nV h¢.

¶ht go Aݶ amÁ¶m| ‘| ^r {~Obr nhþ§MmB© OmVr h¡. ^maV Ho$ ‘ܶ pñWV ZmJnwa eha, Omo ‘hmamï> H$s Cn amOYmZr ^r h¡, H$mo ^maV Ho$ à˶oH$ joÌ H$m H|$Ð q~Xþ ‘mZm OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bgr eha go n[adhZ Am¡a Aݶ gw{dYmE§ g§nyU© ^maV go Omo‹S>Zo H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡.

‘hmamï> ‘| 5983 {H$bmo‘rQ>a aob ‘mJ© h¡. Hw$b 24 hdmB© AÈo> h¢. ¶hm§ Ho$ n¶©Q>Z ñWb ‘| g~go ‘hËdnyU© AO§Vm-Ebmoam, E{b’|$Q>m, H$mÝhoar-H$mabm Jw’$mE§! ‘hm~boœa, ‘mWoamZ, n§MJZr, {MIbYam, nÝhmbm nd©Vr¶ ñWb h¢. n§T>anwa, Zm{gH$, {eS>u, Zm§Xo‹S> ZmJZmW, ̶§~Ho$œa, VwbOmnwa, ^r‘me§H$a, OoOwar VWm Aݶ à{gÕ Ym{‘©H$ ñWb h¢.

‘{P‘m gmoZQ>¸o$ jo.H$m., ZmJnwa

11A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 11A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

gmdaH$a ^maVr¶ ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmobZ Ho$ AJ«Ur goZmZr aho. {dZm¶H$

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

Page 12: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

12 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

~m°å~o nwZJ©R>Z A{Y{Z¶‘ 1960 Ûmam ‘amR>r mfr bmoJm| H$s ‘m§J na 01 ‘B©, 1960 H$mo J{R>V {H$¶m J¶m 36 {Obm| VWm bJ^J 11 H$amo‹S> go A{YH$ OZg§»¶m dmbm g~go YZr Ed§ g‘¥Õ amÁ¶ ‘hmamï´> ^maV Ho$ X{jU ‘ܶ ^mJ ‘| pñWV h¡. BgH$s amOYmZr ‘w§~B© Xoe Ho$ g~go ~‹S>o eha Ho$ ê$n ‘| OmZr OmVr h¡ VWm BgH$m nwUo eha Xoe H$m N>R>dm± g~go ~‹S>m eha h¡.

‘hmamï´> H$m Eo{Vhm{gH$ ¶moJXmZ : Eogm H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ 500 B©gm nyd© ‘hmamï´> H$m ‘w§~B© eha (nyd© Zm‘ ~§~B©) Aa~ gmJa Ho$ {H$Zmao pñWV hmoZo go nÎmZ (nmoQ>©) Ho$ Vm¡a na Wm. Bg Xm¡amZ Ho$ g‘«mQ> AemoH$ Ho$

{ebmboI ^r ‘w§~B© Ho$ ZOXrH$ h¢.

‘hmamï´> H$s ‘hmZ {d^y{V¶m| H$m Xoe Ho$ {bE ¶moJXmZ : {~«{Q>e emgZ H$s ^oX^mdnyU© Zr{V¶m| Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ gwYmam| Am¡a ~w{Z¶mXr gw{dYmAm| Ho$ {bE 20dt gXr Ho$ àmaå^ ‘| Ma‘n§Wr ~mb J§JmYa {VbH$ Am¡a {dZm¶H$ Xm‘moXa gmdaH$a VWm Za‘n§Wr ‘hmXod JmoqdX amZS>o, Jmonmb

H¥$îU JmoIbo, {’$amoµOemh ‘ohVm Am¡a XmXm^mB© Zm¡amoOr Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd ‘| g§Kf© H$s ewéAmV hþB©. A§J«oOm| H$mo "^maV N>mo‹S>mo' Am§XmobZ H$m AëQ>r‘oQ>‘ ‘w§~B© ‘| {X¶m J¶m VWm 1947 ‘| ^maV H$s AmOmXr ‘| gÎmm H$m hñVm§VaU hþAm. AmOmX maV H$s g§gX ‘| ‘hmamï´> Ho$ 48 gm§gX h¢. ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ H$s lr‘Vr à{V^m Xodrqgh nm{Q>b Zo ^maV Ho$ gdm}ƒ amï´>n{V nX H$mo gwemo{^V {H$¶m h¡.

N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO : N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo ^maV Ho$ ‘hmZ amOm Am¡a aUZr{VH$ma Ho$ ê$n ‘| OmZm OmVm h¡. 1674 ‘| am¶J‹T> ‘| ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ ñWm{nV H$aZo na CZH$m amÁ¶m{^foH$ hþAm VWm N>Ìn{V ~Z o . CÝhm|Zo ‘wJb gm‘«mÁ¶ go g§Kf© {H$¶m.

‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo : 11 Aà¡b, 1827 H$mo nwUo Ho$ EH$ ‘mbr n[adma ‘| OÝ‘o ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo ‘hmZ H«$m§{VH$mar, ^maVr¶ {dMmaH$, g‘mOgodr, boIH$ Ed§ Xme©{ZH$ Wo. Om{V àWm H$m {damoY H$aZo Am¡a EHo$œadmX H$mo A‘b ‘| bmZo Ho$ {bE JmoqdX amZS>o Am¡a AmaOr ^§S>maH$a Ûmam "àmW©Zm g‘mO' H$s ñWmnZm H$s JB©. Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo Zo Om{V-àWm Am¡a ór {ejm H$s CXmgrZVm H$mo boH$a Am§XmobZ {H$¶m VWm nwUo ‘| b‹S>{H$¶m| Ho$ {bE nhbm {dÚmb¶ Imobm. Nw>AmNy>V Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE CÝhm|Zo "g˶gmoYH$ g‘mO' H$s ñWmnZm H$s.

gm{dÌr~mB© ’w$b o: gm{dÌr ~mB© ’w$bo ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo H$s nËZr Wt. dh ^maV H$s àW‘ ‘{hbm {e{jH$m, g‘mO gwYm[aH$m Ed§ ‘amR>r H${d{¶Ìr Wt. CÝhm|Zo AnZo n{V Ho$ gmW {‘bH$a ór A{YH$mam| Am¡a {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| C„oIZr¶ H$m¶© {H$E. 1852 ‘| ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ {bE EH$ {dÚmb¶ H$s ñWmnZm H$s. AmO ha joÌ ‘| AJ«ga ‘{hbmAm| H$mo ~am~a H$s ^mJrXmar, CÝht Ho$ g§Kf© H$s XoZ h¡.

N>Ìn{V emhÿ Or ‘hmamO : ‘amR>m Ho$ m|gbo amOd§e Ho$ amOm (emgZH$mb 1894-1900) Am¡a H$moëhmnwa [a¶mgV Ho$ ‘hmamOm (1900-1922) H$mo EH$ dmñV{dH$ bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ Am¡a g‘mO gwYmaH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡. CÝhm|Zo AnZo amÁ¶ ‘| {ZMbr Om{V Ho$ {bE ~hþV H$m‘ {H$¶m. Om{V Am¡a n§W Ho$ ~mdOyX g^r H$mo {ejm CnbãY H$amZm CZH$s ‘hËdnyU© àmW{‘H$Vm Wr. CÝhm|Zo {e{jV N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE Cn¶wº$ amoOJma gw{Z{üV {H$¶m Am¡a H$‘Omoa dJm] Ho$ {bE 50% AmajU bmJy {H$¶m. Añn¥í¶ Om{V¶m| Ho$ {bE ¶h em¶X nhbr AmajU àUmbr H$s ewéAmV Wr. amoOJma àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE "emhÿ N>Ìn{V ~wZmB© Ed§ pñnqZJ {‘b' ewê$ H$s. ‘oYmdr N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE N>mÌd¥{Îm¶m± CnbãY H$amBª Am¡a AnZo amÁ¶ ‘| g^r Ho$ {bE ‘wâV {ejm Ho$ gmW d¡{XH$ ñHy$bm| H$s ñWmnZm {H$¶m, {Oggo g^r Om{V Am¡a dJm] Ho$ N>mÌ, emóm| Ed§ g§ñH¥$V H$s {ejm nm gH|$. g‘mO Ho$ ha gXñ¶ H$mo g‘mZVm àXmZ H$s. XodXmgr àWm na à{V~§Y H$mZyZ H$s ewéAmV H$s. 1917 ‘| {dYdm nwZ{d©dmh H$mo d¡Y ~Zm¶m Am¡a ~mb {ddmh amoH$Zo Ho$ à¶mg {H$E. H¥${f àWmAm| H$m AmYw{ZH$sH$aU H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$gmZm| H$mo H«o${S>Q> CnbãY H$amZm Am¡a {H$gmZm| H$mo ’$gb H$s CnO Am¡a g§~§{YV àm¡Úmo{JH$s H$mo ~‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE H¥${f g§ñWmZ H$s ñWmnZm Am¡a nmZr ‘| AmË‘{Z^©a ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE ~m§Y H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m.

12 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> Zo ^maV H$mo ³¶m {X¶m

H¥$îU JmoIbo, {’$amoµOemh ‘ohVm Am¡a XmXm^mB© Zm¡amoOr Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd ‘| g§Kf© H$s ewéAmV hþB©. A§J«oOm| H$mo

lr‘Vr à{V^m Xodrqgh nm{Q>b Zo ^maV Ho$ gdm}ƒ

11 Aà¡b, 1827 H$mo nwUo Ho$ 11 Aà¡b, 1827 H$mo nwUo Ho$ 11 Aà¡b, 1827 H$mo nwUo Ho$ EH$ ‘mbr n[adma ‘| OÝ‘o ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo EH$ ‘mbr n[adma ‘| OÝ‘o ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo EH$ ‘mbr n[adma ‘| OÝ‘o ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo

g‘mO' H$s ñWmnZm H$s JB©. Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo Zo Om{V-àWm Am¡a ór {ejm H$s CXmgrZVm H$mo boH$a Am§XmobZ àWm Am¡a ór {ejm H$s CXmgrZVm H$mo boH$a Am§XmobZ àWm Am¡a ór {ejm H$s CXmgrZVm H$mo boH$a Am§XmobZ

: gm{dÌr ~mB© ’w$bo ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo H$s nËZr Wt. dh ^maV H$s àW‘ ‘{hbm {e{jH$m,

H$s. AmO ha joÌ ‘| AJ«ga ‘{hbmAm| H$mo ~am~a

‘amR>m Ho$ m|gbo amOd§e Ho$ amOm (emgZH$mb 1894-1900) Am¡a H$moëhmnwa

g^r H$mo {ejm CnbãY H$amZm CZH$s ‘hËdnyU© àmW{‘H$Vm Wr. CÝhm|Zo {e{jV N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE Cn¶wº$ amoOJma

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

13A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a : Xoe H$s AmOmXr Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ g^m H$s S´>mpâQ>§J H$‘oQ>r Ho$ Aܶj {d{YdoÎmm, AW©emór, amOZr{Vk Am¡a g‘mO gwYmaH$ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a Zo ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ H$mo 2 df© 11 ‘mh 18 {XZ

‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. do ñdV§Ì ^maV Ho$ àW‘ {d{Y Ed§ ݶm¶ ‘§Ìr Wo. ‘w§~B©

{dœ{dÚmb¶ go ~r. E. H$aZo Ho$ nümV H$mob§{~¶m {dœ{dÚmb¶ go E‘.E.,nrEMS>r Ed§ EbEb.S>r. H$s {ejm VWm b§XZ ñHy$b Am°’$ BH$moZm°{‘Šg go E‘Eggr d S>rEggr Ed§ ~¡[añQ>a EQ> bm° H$s {ejm àmá H$s. dh {dXoe go AW©emó ‘| S>m°ŠQ>aoQ> H$s {S>J«r boZo dmbo nhbo ^maVr¶ Wo. CZH$s {d{^Þ nwñVH$m| Ho$ Abmdm AW©emó ‘| VrZ nwñVH|$ - AS>{‘{ZñQ´>oeZ A±S> ’$m¶ZmÝg Am°’$ Xr B©ñQ> B§{S>¶m H§$nZr, X Bìhë¶yEeZ Am°’$ àmopìh§{e¶b ’$m¶ZmÝg BZ {~«{Q>e B§{S>¶m Am¡a X àm°ãb‘ Am°’$ X ê$nr: BQ²g Amo[a{OZ E§S> BQ²g gmoë¶yeZ Wt. ^maVr¶ [aOd© ~¢H$ H$s ñWmnZm "X àm°ãb‘ Am°’$ X ê$nr' ‘| {XE JE Am§~oS>H$a Ho$ {dMmam| na AmYm[aV h¡, Am§~oS>H$a Ho$ J«§W ^maV g{hV nyar Xþ{Z¶m ‘| ~hþV n‹T>o OmVo h¢. "^JdmZ ~wÕ Am¡a CZH$m Yå‘' Zm‘H$ J«§W ^maVr¶ ~m¡Õm| H$m "Y‘©J«§W' h¡. Am§~oS>H$a H$s gm‘m{OH$, amOZr{VH$ d Ym{‘©H$ {dMmaYmam VWm Xe©Z "Am§~oS>H$admX' Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡, Eogm H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ g‘«mQ> AemoH$ Ho$ ~mX maV ‘| ~m¡Õ Y‘© H$m nwZéËWmZ S>m° Am§~oS>H$a Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go hr hþAm h¡.

‘hmamï´> H$m H¥${f ‘| ¶moJXmZ : ‘hmamï´> H$s à‘wI ’$gb| YmZ, Ádma, ~mOam, Johÿ§, Vya, ‘y§J, C‹S>X, MZm Am¡a Aݶ XbhZ h¢. ‘y±J’$br, gyaO‘wIr Am¡a gmo¶m~rZ {VbhZm| H$m à‘wI CËnmXH$ h¡. à‘wI ZH$Xr ’$gbm|- H$nmg, JÞm, hëXr Ed§ gpãO¶m| Ho$ CËnmXZ ‘| AJ«Ur h¡. Am‘, Ho$bm, g§Vam, A§Jya, H$mOy Am{X H$s ’$gbm| H$m ~hþV ~‹S>m ¶moJXmZ h¡.

‘hmamï´> H$m CÚmoJ ‘| ¶moJXmZ : ‘hmamï´> Xoe Ho$ Am¡Úmo{JH$ j‘Vm H$m H|$Ð OmZm OmVm h¡. Xoe H$s Am{W©H$ amOYmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘w§~B© {dÎmr¶ Ed§ Am¡Úmo{JH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m H|$Ð {~ÝXþ h¡. ImÚ CËnmX, V§~mHy$ Am¡a Bggo ~Zr MrO|, gyVr H$n‹S>m, H$n‹S>o go ~Zo gm‘mZ, H$mJO Am¡a Bggo ~Zr MrO|, ‘wÐU d àH$meZ, a~‹S>, ßbmpñQ>H$, agm¶Z d amgm¶{ZH$ CËnmX, ‘erZ|, {~Obr H$s ‘erZ|, ¶§Ì d CnH$aU VWm CZHo$ H$bnwµO} Am{X Ho$ Am¡Úmo{JH$ CËnmXZ ‘| ‘hËdnyU© ¶moJXmZ h¡.

aobdo: ‘hmamï´> ‘| hr gd©àW‘ R>mUo go ‘w§~B© Ho$ ~rM aobdo H$m g§MmbZ {H$¶m J¶m Wm. ‘w§~B© go Xoe Ho$ H$moZo-2 VH$ OmZo Ho$ {bE Xoedm{g¶m| Ho$ {bE aobdo H$s gw{dYm CnbãY h¡. ‘w§~B© H$s bmoH$b Q´>oZ|, ‘w§~B© H$s Y‘{Z¶m§ h¢.

n¶©Q>Z ñWb : AO§Vm, Ebmoam, Ebr’|$Q>m, H$mÝhoar Am¡a H$mabm Jw’$mE±, ‘hm~boœa, ‘mWoamZ Am¡a nm§MJZr, Odmha, ‘mbeoO KmQ>, A§~mobr,

{MIbYam Am¡a nÝhmbm nd©Vr¶ ñWb h¢ VWm Ym{‘©H$ ñWb ‘| n§T>anwa, Zm{gH$, {eS>u, Zm§XoS>, Am¡T>mZmJZmW, Ͷ§~Ho$œa, VwbOmnwa, JUn{Vnybo, ^r‘me§H$a, h[ahaoœa, eoJm§d, H$moëhmnwa, OoOwar, A§~OmoJB©, ‘w§~B© H$m {gÕr {dZm¶H$ ‘§{Xa (XmXa), hmOr Abr XaJmh, ~moardbr H$m nJmo‹S>m ~m¡Õ ‘§{Xa Am{X h¢. BZHo$ Abmdm JoQ>do Am°’$ B§{S>¶m, ZoeZb nmH©$, ‘arZ S´>mBd, Owhy Mm¡nmQ>r, {JaJm§d Mm¡nmQ>r, Abr~mJ Am{X n¶©Q>Z ñWb h¢.

‘hmamï´> Ho$ à‘wI g§Vm| H$m ¶moJXmZ:

1. {eS>u Ho$ gmBª ~m~m (1835-1918) : df© 1854 ‘| {eS>u ‘| EH$ Zr‘ Ho$ no‹S> Ho$ ZrMo gmBª ~m~m H$mo ~¡R>o hþE XoIm J¶m Wm. 15 Aºy$~a, 1918 VH$ ~m~m Zo {eS>u ‘| AnZr brbmE± {XImBª Am¡a ¶ht na CÝhm|Zo A§{V‘ gm§g br. AmO CZHo$ à{V bmoJm| ‘| BVZr AQy>Q> AmñWm h¡ {H$ {eS>u ‘§{Xa ‘| CZHo$ Xe©Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE ES>dm§g ~wqH$J H$amZr hmoVr h¡.

2. g§V Zm‘Xod : JwéJ«§W Am¡a H$~ra Ho$ ^OZm| ‘| g§V Zm‘Xod H$m C„oI {‘bVm h¡. CÝhm|Zo ~«÷ {dÚm H$mo bmoH$ gwb^ ~ZmH$a àMma {H$¶m VWm ‘hmamï´> go boH$a n§Om~ VH$ CÎma ^maV ‘| "h[aZm‘' H$m ^r àMma {H$¶m.

3. g§V kmZoœa : ‘hmamï´> Ho$ Ah‘XZJa {Obo Ho$ g§V kmZoœa Zo ^JdVJrVm Ho$ D$na ‘amR>r ^mfm ‘| EH$ "kmZoœar' Zm‘H$ 10,000 nÚm| H$m J«§W {bIm.

4. g§V EH$ZmW : dU© go ~«m÷U Om{V Ho$ hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX BÝhm|Zo Om{V àWm Ho$ {déÕ AmdmO CR>mB© Am¡a BgHo$ H$maU H$m’$s H$ï> ^r gho. Xme©{ZH$ Ñ{ï> go ¶o AÛ¡VdmXr Wo. BÝhm|Zo ^mJdV nwamU H$m ‘amR>r ^mfm ‘| AZwdmX {H$¶m.

5. g§V VwH$mam‘ : nwUo {Obo ‘| OÝ‘o ^{º$ Am§XmobZ Ho$ H${d¶m| ‘| g§V VwH$mam‘ H$m Zm‘ AJ«Ur h¡.

6. g‘W© am‘Xmg : ‘hmamï´> Ho$ Am¡a§Jm~mX {Obo ‘| OÝ‘o g‘W© am‘Xmg H$mo am‘ Am¡a hZw‘mZ H$m ^º$ H$hm OmVm h¡. dh dra {edmOr Ho$ Jwé Wo.

7. ^º$ nw§S>{bH$ : 6R>t gXr Ho$ g§V nw§S>{bH$ Ho$ Bï>Xod lrH¥$îU Wo. Eogm H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ CZH$s ^{º$ go àgÞ hmoH$a EH$ {XZ lrH¥$îU ép³‘Ur Ho$ gmW àH$Q> hmo JE. Cg g‘¶ do AnZo {nVmOr Ho$ n¡a X~m aho Wo Am¡a CÝhm|Zo lrH¥$îU H$mo BªQ> na I‹S>o ahZo Ho$ {bE H$hm. lr {dÆ>b Ho$ {dJ«h ê$n ‘| ^JdmZ H$s bmoH${à¶Vm hmoZo go ¶h ñWmZ nw§S>{bH$nwa ¶m An^«§e n§T>anwa H$hbm¶m. BÝh| dmaH$mar g§àXm¶ H$m g§ñWmnH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡.

13A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ g^m H$s S´>mpâQ>§J H$‘oQ>r Ho$ Aܶj {d{YdoÎmm, AW©emór, amOZr{Vk Am¡a Aܶj {d{YdoÎmm, AW©emór, amOZr{Vk Am¡a Aܶj {d{YdoÎmm, AW©emór, amOZr{Vk Am¡a Aܶj {d{YdoÎmm, AW©emór, amOZr{Vk Am¡a g‘mO gwYmaH$ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a Zo ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ H$mo 2 df© 11 ‘mh 18 {XZ ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ H$mo 2 df© 11 ‘mh 18 {XZ ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ H$mo 2 df© 11 ‘mh 18 {XZ ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ H$mo 2 df© 11 ‘mh 18 {XZ

‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. ‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. ‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. ‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. ‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. ‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. ‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. ‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. do ñdV§Ì ^maV Ho$ àW‘ {d{Y Ed§ ݶm¶ ‘§Ìr Wo. ‘w§~B© do ñdV§Ì ^maV Ho$ àW‘ {d{Y Ed§ ݶm¶ ‘§Ìr Wo. ‘w§~B© do ñdV§Ì ^maV Ho$ àW‘ {d{Y Ed§ ݶm¶ ‘§Ìr Wo. ‘w§~B©

am‘OrV qgh Ho$.H$m., ‘w§~B©

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

Page 13: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

12 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

~m°å~o nwZJ©R>Z A{Y{Z¶‘ 1960 Ûmam ‘amR>r mfr bmoJm| H$s ‘m§J na 01 ‘B©, 1960 H$mo J{R>V {H$¶m J¶m 36 {Obm| VWm bJ^J 11 H$amo‹S> go A{YH$ OZg§»¶m dmbm g~go YZr Ed§ g‘¥Õ amÁ¶ ‘hmamï´> ^maV Ho$ X{jU ‘ܶ ^mJ ‘| pñWV h¡. BgH$s amOYmZr ‘w§~B© Xoe Ho$ g~go ~‹S>o eha Ho$ ê$n ‘| OmZr OmVr h¡ VWm BgH$m nwUo eha Xoe H$m N>R>dm± g~go ~‹S>m eha h¡.

‘hmamï´> H$m Eo{Vhm{gH$ ¶moJXmZ : Eogm H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ 500 B©gm nyd© ‘hmamï´> H$m ‘w§~B© eha (nyd© Zm‘ ~§~B©) Aa~ gmJa Ho$ {H$Zmao pñWV hmoZo go nÎmZ (nmoQ>©) Ho$ Vm¡a na Wm. Bg Xm¡amZ Ho$ g‘«mQ> AemoH$ Ho$

{ebmboI ^r ‘w§~B© Ho$ ZOXrH$ h¢.

‘hmamï´> H$s ‘hmZ {d^y{V¶m| H$m Xoe Ho$ {bE ¶moJXmZ : {~«{Q>e emgZ H$s ^oX^mdnyU© Zr{V¶m| Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ gwYmam| Am¡a ~w{Z¶mXr gw{dYmAm| Ho$ {bE 20dt gXr Ho$ àmaå^ ‘| Ma‘n§Wr ~mb J§JmYa {VbH$ Am¡a {dZm¶H$ Xm‘moXa gmdaH$a VWm Za‘n§Wr ‘hmXod JmoqdX amZS>o, Jmonmb

H¥$îU JmoIbo, {’$amoµOemh ‘ohVm Am¡a XmXm^mB© Zm¡amoOr Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd ‘| g§Kf© H$s ewéAmV hþB©. A§J«oOm| H$mo "^maV N>mo‹S>mo' Am§XmobZ H$m AëQ>r‘oQ>‘ ‘w§~B© ‘| {X¶m J¶m VWm 1947 ‘| ^maV H$s AmOmXr ‘| gÎmm H$m hñVm§VaU hþAm. AmOmX maV H$s g§gX ‘| ‘hmamï´> Ho$ 48 gm§gX h¢. ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ H$s lr‘Vr à{V^m Xodrqgh nm{Q>b Zo ^maV Ho$ gdm}ƒ amï´>n{V nX H$mo gwemo{^V {H$¶m h¡.

N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO : N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO H$mo ^maV Ho$ ‘hmZ amOm Am¡a aUZr{VH$ma Ho$ ê$n ‘| OmZm OmVm h¡. 1674 ‘| am¶J‹T> ‘| ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ ñWm{nV H$aZo na CZH$m amÁ¶m{^foH$ hþAm VWm N>Ìn{V ~Z o . CÝhm|Zo ‘wJb gm‘«mÁ¶ go g§Kf© {H$¶m.

‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo : 11 Aà¡b, 1827 H$mo nwUo Ho$ EH$ ‘mbr n[adma ‘| OÝ‘o ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo ‘hmZ H«$m§{VH$mar, ^maVr¶ {dMmaH$, g‘mOgodr, boIH$ Ed§ Xme©{ZH$ Wo. Om{V àWm H$m {damoY H$aZo Am¡a EHo$œadmX H$mo A‘b ‘| bmZo Ho$ {bE JmoqdX amZS>o Am¡a AmaOr ^§S>maH$a Ûmam "àmW©Zm g‘mO' H$s ñWmnZm H$s JB©. Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo Zo Om{V-àWm Am¡a ór {ejm H$s CXmgrZVm H$mo boH$a Am§XmobZ {H$¶m VWm nwUo ‘| b‹S>{H$¶m| Ho$ {bE nhbm {dÚmb¶ Imobm. Nw>AmNy>V Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE CÝhm|Zo "g˶gmoYH$ g‘mO' H$s ñWmnZm H$s.

gm{dÌr~mB© ’w$b o: gm{dÌr ~mB© ’w$bo ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo H$s nËZr Wt. dh ^maV H$s àW‘ ‘{hbm {e{jH$m, g‘mO gwYm[aH$m Ed§ ‘amR>r H${d{¶Ìr Wt. CÝhm|Zo AnZo n{V Ho$ gmW {‘bH$a ór A{YH$mam| Am¡a {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| C„oIZr¶ H$m¶© {H$E. 1852 ‘| ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ {bE EH$ {dÚmb¶ H$s ñWmnZm H$s. AmO ha joÌ ‘| AJ«ga ‘{hbmAm| H$mo ~am~a H$s ^mJrXmar, CÝht Ho$ g§Kf© H$s XoZ h¡.

N>Ìn{V emhÿ Or ‘hmamO : ‘amR>m Ho$ m|gbo amOd§e Ho$ amOm (emgZH$mb 1894-1900) Am¡a H$moëhmnwa [a¶mgV Ho$ ‘hmamOm (1900-1922) H$mo EH$ dmñV{dH$ bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ Am¡a g‘mO gwYmaH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡. CÝhm|Zo AnZo amÁ¶ ‘| {ZMbr Om{V Ho$ {bE ~hþV H$m‘ {H$¶m. Om{V Am¡a n§W Ho$ ~mdOyX g^r H$mo {ejm CnbãY H$amZm CZH$s ‘hËdnyU© àmW{‘H$Vm Wr. CÝhm|Zo {e{jV N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE Cn¶wº$ amoOJma gw{Z{üV {H$¶m Am¡a H$‘Omoa dJm] Ho$ {bE 50% AmajU bmJy {H$¶m. Añn¥í¶ Om{V¶m| Ho$ {bE ¶h em¶X nhbr AmajU àUmbr H$s ewéAmV Wr. amoOJma àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE "emhÿ N>Ìn{V ~wZmB© Ed§ pñnqZJ {‘b' ewê$ H$s. ‘oYmdr N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE N>mÌd¥{Îm¶m± CnbãY H$amBª Am¡a AnZo amÁ¶ ‘| g^r Ho$ {bE ‘wâV {ejm Ho$ gmW d¡{XH$ ñHy$bm| H$s ñWmnZm {H$¶m, {Oggo g^r Om{V Am¡a dJm] Ho$ N>mÌ, emóm| Ed§ g§ñH¥$V H$s {ejm nm gH|$. g‘mO Ho$ ha gXñ¶ H$mo g‘mZVm àXmZ H$s. XodXmgr àWm na à{V~§Y H$mZyZ H$s ewéAmV H$s. 1917 ‘| {dYdm nwZ{d©dmh H$mo d¡Y ~Zm¶m Am¡a ~mb {ddmh amoH$Zo Ho$ à¶mg {H$E. H¥${f àWmAm| H$m AmYw{ZH$sH$aU H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$gmZm| H$mo H«o${S>Q> CnbãY H$amZm Am¡a {H$gmZm| H$mo ’$gb H$s CnO Am¡a g§~§{YV àm¡Úmo{JH$s H$mo ~‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE H¥${f g§ñWmZ H$s ñWmnZm Am¡a nmZr ‘| AmË‘{Z^©a ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE ~m§Y H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m.

12 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> Zo ^maV H$mo ³¶m {X¶m

H¥$îU JmoIbo, {’$amoµOemh ‘ohVm Am¡a XmXm^mB© Zm¡amoOr Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd ‘| g§Kf© H$s ewéAmV hþB©. A§J«oOm| H$mo

lr‘Vr à{V^m Xodrqgh nm{Q>b Zo ^maV Ho$ gdm}ƒ

11 Aà¡b, 1827 H$mo nwUo Ho$ 11 Aà¡b, 1827 H$mo nwUo Ho$ 11 Aà¡b, 1827 H$mo nwUo Ho$ EH$ ‘mbr n[adma ‘| OÝ‘o ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo EH$ ‘mbr n[adma ‘| OÝ‘o ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo EH$ ‘mbr n[adma ‘| OÝ‘o ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo

g‘mO' H$s ñWmnZm H$s JB©. Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo Zo Om{V-àWm Am¡a ór {ejm H$s CXmgrZVm H$mo boH$a Am§XmobZ àWm Am¡a ór {ejm H$s CXmgrZVm H$mo boH$a Am§XmobZ àWm Am¡a ór {ejm H$s CXmgrZVm H$mo boH$a Am§XmobZ

: gm{dÌr ~mB© ’w$bo ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo H$s nËZr Wt. dh ^maV H$s àW‘ ‘{hbm {e{jH$m,

H$s. AmO ha joÌ ‘| AJ«ga ‘{hbmAm| H$mo ~am~a

‘amR>m Ho$ m|gbo amOd§e Ho$ amOm (emgZH$mb 1894-1900) Am¡a H$moëhmnwa

g^r H$mo {ejm CnbãY H$amZm CZH$s ‘hËdnyU© àmW{‘H$Vm Wr. CÝhm|Zo {e{jV N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE Cn¶wº$ amoOJma

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

13A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a : Xoe H$s AmOmXr Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ g^m H$s S´>mpâQ>§J H$‘oQ>r Ho$ Aܶj {d{YdoÎmm, AW©emór, amOZr{Vk Am¡a g‘mO gwYmaH$ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a Zo ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ H$mo 2 df© 11 ‘mh 18 {XZ

‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. do ñdV§Ì ^maV Ho$ àW‘ {d{Y Ed§ ݶm¶ ‘§Ìr Wo. ‘w§~B©

{dœ{dÚmb¶ go ~r. E. H$aZo Ho$ nümV H$mob§{~¶m {dœ{dÚmb¶ go E‘.E.,nrEMS>r Ed§ EbEb.S>r. H$s {ejm VWm b§XZ ñHy$b Am°’$ BH$moZm°{‘Šg go E‘Eggr d S>rEggr Ed§ ~¡[añQ>a EQ> bm° H$s {ejm àmá H$s. dh {dXoe go AW©emó ‘| S>m°ŠQ>aoQ> H$s {S>J«r boZo dmbo nhbo ^maVr¶ Wo. CZH$s {d{^Þ nwñVH$m| Ho$ Abmdm AW©emó ‘| VrZ nwñVH|$ - AS>{‘{ZñQ´>oeZ A±S> ’$m¶ZmÝg Am°’$ Xr B©ñQ> B§{S>¶m H§$nZr, X Bìhë¶yEeZ Am°’$ àmopìh§{e¶b ’$m¶ZmÝg BZ {~«{Q>e B§{S>¶m Am¡a X àm°ãb‘ Am°’$ X ê$nr: BQ²g Amo[a{OZ E§S> BQ²g gmoë¶yeZ Wt. ^maVr¶ [aOd© ~¢H$ H$s ñWmnZm "X àm°ãb‘ Am°’$ X ê$nr' ‘| {XE JE Am§~oS>H$a Ho$ {dMmam| na AmYm[aV h¡, Am§~oS>H$a Ho$ J«§W ^maV g{hV nyar Xþ{Z¶m ‘| ~hþV n‹T>o OmVo h¢. "^JdmZ ~wÕ Am¡a CZH$m Yå‘' Zm‘H$ J«§W ^maVr¶ ~m¡Õm| H$m "Y‘©J«§W' h¡. Am§~oS>H$a H$s gm‘m{OH$, amOZr{VH$ d Ym{‘©H$ {dMmaYmam VWm Xe©Z "Am§~oS>H$admX' Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡, Eogm H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ g‘«mQ> AemoH$ Ho$ ~mX maV ‘| ~m¡Õ Y‘© H$m nwZéËWmZ S>m° Am§~oS>H$a Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go hr hþAm h¡.

‘hmamï´> H$m H¥${f ‘| ¶moJXmZ : ‘hmamï´> H$s à‘wI ’$gb| YmZ, Ádma, ~mOam, Johÿ§, Vya, ‘y§J, C‹S>X, MZm Am¡a Aݶ XbhZ h¢. ‘y±J’$br, gyaO‘wIr Am¡a gmo¶m~rZ {VbhZm| H$m à‘wI CËnmXH$ h¡. à‘wI ZH$Xr ’$gbm|- H$nmg, JÞm, hëXr Ed§ gpãO¶m| Ho$ CËnmXZ ‘| AJ«Ur h¡. Am‘, Ho$bm, g§Vam, A§Jya, H$mOy Am{X H$s ’$gbm| H$m ~hþV ~‹S>m ¶moJXmZ h¡.

‘hmamï´> H$m CÚmoJ ‘| ¶moJXmZ : ‘hmamï´> Xoe Ho$ Am¡Úmo{JH$ j‘Vm H$m H|$Ð OmZm OmVm h¡. Xoe H$s Am{W©H$ amOYmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘w§~B© {dÎmr¶ Ed§ Am¡Úmo{JH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m H|$Ð {~ÝXþ h¡. ImÚ CËnmX, V§~mHy$ Am¡a Bggo ~Zr MrO|, gyVr H$n‹S>m, H$n‹S>o go ~Zo gm‘mZ, H$mJO Am¡a Bggo ~Zr MrO|, ‘wÐU d àH$meZ, a~‹S>, ßbmpñQ>H$, agm¶Z d amgm¶{ZH$ CËnmX, ‘erZ|, {~Obr H$s ‘erZ|, ¶§Ì d CnH$aU VWm CZHo$ H$bnwµO} Am{X Ho$ Am¡Úmo{JH$ CËnmXZ ‘| ‘hËdnyU© ¶moJXmZ h¡.

aobdo: ‘hmamï´> ‘| hr gd©àW‘ R>mUo go ‘w§~B© Ho$ ~rM aobdo H$m g§MmbZ {H$¶m J¶m Wm. ‘w§~B© go Xoe Ho$ H$moZo-2 VH$ OmZo Ho$ {bE Xoedm{g¶m| Ho$ {bE aobdo H$s gw{dYm CnbãY h¡. ‘w§~B© H$s bmoH$b Q´>oZ|, ‘w§~B© H$s Y‘{Z¶m§ h¢.

n¶©Q>Z ñWb : AO§Vm, Ebmoam, Ebr’|$Q>m, H$mÝhoar Am¡a H$mabm Jw’$mE±, ‘hm~boœa, ‘mWoamZ Am¡a nm§MJZr, Odmha, ‘mbeoO KmQ>, A§~mobr,

{MIbYam Am¡a nÝhmbm nd©Vr¶ ñWb h¢ VWm Ym{‘©H$ ñWb ‘| n§T>anwa, Zm{gH$, {eS>u, Zm§XoS>, Am¡T>mZmJZmW, Ͷ§~Ho$œa, VwbOmnwa, JUn{Vnybo, ^r‘me§H$a, h[ahaoœa, eoJm§d, H$moëhmnwa, OoOwar, A§~OmoJB©, ‘w§~B© H$m {gÕr {dZm¶H$ ‘§{Xa (XmXa), hmOr Abr XaJmh, ~moardbr H$m nJmo‹S>m ~m¡Õ ‘§{Xa Am{X h¢. BZHo$ Abmdm JoQ>do Am°’$ B§{S>¶m, ZoeZb nmH©$, ‘arZ S´>mBd, Owhy Mm¡nmQ>r, {JaJm§d Mm¡nmQ>r, Abr~mJ Am{X n¶©Q>Z ñWb h¢.

‘hmamï´> Ho$ à‘wI g§Vm| H$m ¶moJXmZ:

1. {eS>u Ho$ gmBª ~m~m (1835-1918) : df© 1854 ‘| {eS>u ‘| EH$ Zr‘ Ho$ no‹S> Ho$ ZrMo gmBª ~m~m H$mo ~¡R>o hþE XoIm J¶m Wm. 15 Aºy$~a, 1918 VH$ ~m~m Zo {eS>u ‘| AnZr brbmE± {XImBª Am¡a ¶ht na CÝhm|Zo A§{V‘ gm§g br. AmO CZHo$ à{V bmoJm| ‘| BVZr AQy>Q> AmñWm h¡ {H$ {eS>u ‘§{Xa ‘| CZHo$ Xe©Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE ES>dm§g ~wqH$J H$amZr hmoVr h¡.

2. g§V Zm‘Xod : JwéJ«§W Am¡a H$~ra Ho$ ^OZm| ‘| g§V Zm‘Xod H$m C„oI {‘bVm h¡. CÝhm|Zo ~«÷ {dÚm H$mo bmoH$ gwb^ ~ZmH$a àMma {H$¶m VWm ‘hmamï´> go boH$a n§Om~ VH$ CÎma ^maV ‘| "h[aZm‘' H$m ^r àMma {H$¶m.

3. g§V kmZoœa : ‘hmamï´> Ho$ Ah‘XZJa {Obo Ho$ g§V kmZoœa Zo ^JdVJrVm Ho$ D$na ‘amR>r ^mfm ‘| EH$ "kmZoœar' Zm‘H$ 10,000 nÚm| H$m J«§W {bIm.

4. g§V EH$ZmW : dU© go ~«m÷U Om{V Ho$ hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX BÝhm|Zo Om{V àWm Ho$ {déÕ AmdmO CR>mB© Am¡a BgHo$ H$maU H$m’$s H$ï> ^r gho. Xme©{ZH$ Ñ{ï> go ¶o AÛ¡VdmXr Wo. BÝhm|Zo ^mJdV nwamU H$m ‘amR>r ^mfm ‘| AZwdmX {H$¶m.

5. g§V VwH$mam‘ : nwUo {Obo ‘| OÝ‘o ^{º$ Am§XmobZ Ho$ H${d¶m| ‘| g§V VwH$mam‘ H$m Zm‘ AJ«Ur h¡.

6. g‘W© am‘Xmg : ‘hmamï´> Ho$ Am¡a§Jm~mX {Obo ‘| OÝ‘o g‘W© am‘Xmg H$mo am‘ Am¡a hZw‘mZ H$m ^º$ H$hm OmVm h¡. dh dra {edmOr Ho$ Jwé Wo.

7. ^º$ nw§S>{bH$ : 6R>t gXr Ho$ g§V nw§S>{bH$ Ho$ Bï>Xod lrH¥$îU Wo. Eogm H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ CZH$s ^{º$ go àgÞ hmoH$a EH$ {XZ lrH¥$îU ép³‘Ur Ho$ gmW àH$Q> hmo JE. Cg g‘¶ do AnZo {nVmOr Ho$ n¡a X~m aho Wo Am¡a CÝhm|Zo lrH¥$îU H$mo BªQ> na I‹S>o ahZo Ho$ {bE H$hm. lr {dÆ>b Ho$ {dJ«h ê$n ‘| ^JdmZ H$s bmoH${à¶Vm hmoZo go ¶h ñWmZ nw§S>{bH$nwa ¶m An^«§e n§T>anwa H$hbm¶m. BÝh| dmaH$mar g§àXm¶ H$m g§ñWmnH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡.

13A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :^maV aËZ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a :Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$ ~mX emgZ H$mo gwMmé ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ g^m H$s S´>mpâQ>§J H$‘oQ>r Ho$ Aܶj {d{YdoÎmm, AW©emór, amOZr{Vk Am¡a Aܶj {d{YdoÎmm, AW©emór, amOZr{Vk Am¡a Aܶj {d{YdoÎmm, AW©emór, amOZr{Vk Am¡a Aܶj {d{YdoÎmm, AW©emór, amOZr{Vk Am¡a g‘mO gwYmaH$ S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a Zo ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ H$mo 2 df© 11 ‘mh 18 {XZ ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ H$mo 2 df© 11 ‘mh 18 {XZ ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ H$mo 2 df© 11 ‘mh 18 {XZ ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ H$mo 2 df© 11 ‘mh 18 {XZ

‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. ‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. ‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. ‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. ‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. ‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. ‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. ‘| V¡¶ma H$aHo$ g§{dYmZ g^m H$mo gm¢n {X¶m Wm. do ñdV§Ì ^maV Ho$ àW‘ {d{Y Ed§ ݶm¶ ‘§Ìr Wo. ‘w§~B© do ñdV§Ì ^maV Ho$ àW‘ {d{Y Ed§ ݶm¶ ‘§Ìr Wo. ‘w§~B© do ñdV§Ì ^maV Ho$ àW‘ {d{Y Ed§ ݶm¶ ‘§Ìr Wo. ‘w§~B©

am‘OrV qgh Ho$.H$m., ‘w§~B©

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

Page 14: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

14 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

^maV Ho$ ‘hmamï> àm§V H$s BH$bm¡Vr A{YH$m[aH$ amO^mfm h¡. ‘amR>r ‘hmamï> Ho$ ~hþg§»¶ bmoJ ‘amR>r ~mobVo h¢. ^mfmB© n[adma Ho$ ñVa na ¶h EH$ Am¶© ^mfm h¡. ‘amR>r ^maV H$s à‘wI ^mfmAm| ‘| go EH$ h¡. ¶h ‘hmamï> Am¡a Jmodm H$s amO^mfm h¡ VWm n{ü‘ maV H$s gh-amÁ¶ ^mfm h¡. ‘amR>r ~mobZo dmbm| H$s Hw$b g§»¶m bJ^J 10 H$amo‹S> h¡. ¶h ^mfm 2300 gmbm| go ApñVËd ‘| h¡ Am¡a BgH$m ‘yb àmH¥$V go h¡.

‘amR>r ^mfm ^maV Ho$ A{V[aº$ ‘m°[aeg Am¡a BòmBb ‘| ^r ‘amR>r ‘yb Ho$ bmoJm| Ûmam ~mobr OmVr h¡. BZHo$ A{V[aº$ Aݶ Xoe ^r h¢, Ohm± ‘amR>r ‘yb Ho$ bmoJ {Zdmg H$aVo h¢ Am¡a do Bg ^mfm H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¡, {OZ‘| à‘wI h¢ - A‘o[aH$m, g§¶wº$ Aa~ A‘ramV, X{jU Aµ’«$sH$m, qgJmnwa, O‘©Zr, g§¶wº$ amOemhr ({~«Q>oZ), Am°ñQ>o{b¶m, doñQ> BªS>rO Am¡a ݶyµOrb¢S>.

^maV ‘| ‘amR>r ‘w»¶V… ‘hmamï> ‘| ~mobr OmVr h¡. BgHo$ A{V[aº$ ¶h Jmodm, H$Zm©Q>H$, JwOamV, Am§Y«àXoe, ‘ܶàXoe, V{‘bZmSw> Am¡a N>ÎmrgJ‹T> ‘| ^r ~mobr OmVr h¡. Ho$ÝÐ em{gV àXoem| ‘| ¶h X‘Z Am¡a Xrd VWm XmXam Am¡a ZmJa hdobr ‘| ~mobr OmVr h¡.

¶h H«$‘e… n{ü‘r ^maV ‘| ‘hmamï> Am¡a Jmodm amÁ¶m| ‘| Am{YH$m[aH$ ^mfm Am¡a gh-Am{YH$m[aH$ ^mfm h¡. ‘amR>r ^maV H$s 22 AZwgy{MV ^mfmAm| ‘| go EH$ h¡. 2019 ‘|, 83.1 {‘{b¶Z ‘amR>r ~mobZo dmbm| Ho$ gmW, ‘amR>r Xþ{Z¶m ‘| g~go A{YH$ ~mobr OmZo dmbr ^mfmAm| H$s gyMr ‘| Xgd| ñWmZ na h¡. maV ‘| ‘amR>r ~mobZo dmbm| H$s g§»¶m qhXr Am¡a ~§Jmbr Ho$ ~mX Vrgar h¡. ‘amR>r ^mfm ‘| g^r AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr¶ ^mfmAm| H$m Hw$N> àmMrZ gm{h˶ em{‘b h¡, Omo bJ^J 600 dfm] go h¡. ‘amR>r H$s ‘w»¶ ~mobr ‘mZH$ ‘amR>r h¡.

B{Vhmg

‘amR>r gm{h˶ H$s àma§{^H$ aMZmE± ¶Ú{n 12dt gXr go CnbãY h¢ VWm{n ‘amR>r ^mfm H$s CËn{Îm BgHo$ bJ^J 300 gm¡ df© nyd© Adí¶

hmo MwH$s hmoJr. ‘¡gya àXoe Ho$ ldU~obJmobm Zm‘H$ ñWmZ H$s Jmo‘Q>oœa à{V‘m Ho$ ZrMo dmbo ^mJ na {bIr hþB© "lr Mm‘w§S> amOo H$a{d¶bo, J§JamOo gwÎmmbo H$a{db¶' n§{º$ ‘amR>r ^mfm H$s gd©àW‘ kmV n§{º$ h¡. ¶h g§ dV: eH$ 905 (B© gZ² 983) ‘| CËH$sU© H$s JB© hmoJr. ¶hm± go ¶mXdm| Ho$ H$mb VH$ Ho$ bJ^J 75 {ebmboI AmO VH$ àmá hþE h¢. BZH$s ^mfm H$m g§nyU© ¶m Hw$N> ^mJ ‘amR>r h¡. ‘amR>r ^mfm H$m {Z‘m©U à‘wIV¶m, ‘hmamï>r àmH¥$V Am¡a An «§e ^mfmAm| go hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Bgo ‘w»¶ ê$n go g§ñH¥$V H$s AVwbZr¶ ^mfm g§n{Îm H$m CÎmam{YH$ma r àmá hþAm h¡. àmH¥$V Am¡a An «§e mfm H$mo AmË‘gmV² H$a ‘amR>r Zo 12dt gXr go AnZm AbJ ApñVËd ñWm{nV H$aZm ewê$ {H$¶m. BgH$s {b{n XodZmJar h¡.

Eo{Vhm{gH$ AZwg§YmZ H$aZo dmbo AZoH$ {dÛmZm| Zo ¶h ‘mZ {b¶m h¡ {H$ ‘wHw§$XamO ‘amR>r gm{h˶ Ho$ Am{X H${d h¢. BZH$m g‘¶ 1128 go 1200 VH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡. ‘wHw§$XamO Ho$ Xmo J«§W "{ddoH$qgYw' Am¡a "na‘m‘¥V' h¡ Omo nyU© AmܶmpË‘H$ {df¶ na h¢. ‘wHw§$XamO Ho$ {Zdmg ñWmZ Ho$ g§~§Y ‘| {dÛmZm| H$m EH$ ‘V Zht h¡, {’$a ^r ~rS> {Obo Ho$ A§~oOmoJmB© Zm‘H$ ñWmZ na ~Zr BZH$s g‘m{Y go do ‘amR>dm‹S>m Ho$ {Zdmgr àVrV hmoVo h¢. do ZmWn§Wr¶ Wo. CZHo$ gm{h˶ go Bg n§W Ho$ g§Ho$V àmá hmoVo h¢.

1847-1929

1855 ‘| "V¥Vr¶ aËZ' ZmQ>H$ {Ogo ‘hmË‘m ’w$bo Zo {bIm Wm, CgH$s MMm© Z Ho$ ~am~a hmoVr h¡. AmnQ>o Zo Eo{Vhm{gH$ Cnݶmgm| Ûmam yVH$mbrZ KQ>ZmAm| H$mo ~‹S>o hr gw§Xa T>§J go {M{ÌV {H$¶m VWm

gm‘m{OH$ Cnݶmgm| Ûmam {ó¶m| Ho$ Xþ:Ir OrdZ H$m öX¶ÐmdH$ {MÌ ^r ItMm. lr AÊUm gmho~ {H$bm}ñH$a Zo 1880 ‘| "emHw§$Vb' ZmQ>H$ {bIH$a AmYw{ZH$ ‘amR>r a§J y{‘ H$s Ztd S>mbr. BÝht H$s na§nam ‘| Jmo.X. Xodb Zo g~go nhbo à^mdmoËnmXH$ ZmQ>H$ {bIH$a ZmQ>ç gm{h˶ H$mo ZB© {Xem àXmZ H$s. 1885 go "Ho$edgwV' Zm‘H$ H${d Zo H$mì¶joÌ ‘| ZE ¶wJ H$s ñWmnZm H$s. Eo{Vhm{gH$ gwI ‘| {dœmg, AH¥${Ì‘ ào‘ VWm AmË‘{Zð>m B˶m{X JwU BZH$s H${dVmAm| Ho$ d¡{eï²>¶ aho. BZHo$ ~mX {VbH$, ~r. JmoqdXmJ«O, ~mbH${d, M§ÐeoIa, Vm§~o B˶m{X H${d¶m| Zo ‘amR>r H${dVmAm| Ho$ gm¢X¶© Am¡a gm‘϶© H$mo A{YH$ ~‹T>m¶m. gmdaH$a VWm JmoqdX Zo amï>r¶ ^mdZmAm| H$m CÔrnZ H$aZodmbr H${dVmE± {bIt. B{VhmgmMm¶© amOdmS>o Zo ‘amR>r B{Vhmg Ho$ g§emoYZ H$s na§nam H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m. Iaoemór, gmZo, nmaZrg Am{X B{VhmgVkm| Zo B{Vhmg boIZ Ho$ gmYZm| H$s ‘hËdnyU© ImoO H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ {H$¶m. bmoH$‘mݶ ~mb J§JmYa {VbH$ Or H$s

‘hmamï´> H$s

14 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

15A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

AmoOñdr {dMmaYmam Ho$ AmYma na Im{S>bH$a Zo CËH¥$ï> nm¡am{UH$ Ed§ Eo{Vhm{gH$ ZmQ>H$m| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m. Bgr g‘¶ am‘ JUoe JS>H$ar Zo AnZr bmoH$moÎma à{V^m go H$éU Ed§ hmñ¶ ag H$m CÎm‘ {MÌU {H$¶m. lrH¥$îU H$moëhQ>H$a Zo AnZo hmñ¶nyU© boIm| Ûmam gm‘m{OH$ AmMma {dMma ‘| {XIbmB© n‹S>Zodmbr Ìw{Q>¶m| H$mo gd©‘mݶ OZVm Ho$ gm‘Zo bm aIm. ‘hmË‘m ’w$bo, bmoH$‘mݶ {VbH$, AmJaH$a, nam§Ono, Zaqgh, qMVm‘{U Ho$bH$a Am{X à{gÕ boIH$ Bgr g‘¶ Xoe ‘| {dMmaOmJ¥{V H$m ‘hmZ H$m¶© H$a aho Wo. bmoH$a§OZ H$s Anojm {d{dY {df¶m| Ho$ kmZ §S>ma H$s ny{V© H$mo A{YH$ ‘hËdnyU© ‘mZH$ gm{h˶ {Z‘m©U H$m H$m¶© {H$¶m J¶m.

1920-1945

BgHo$ ~mX H$s H$mbmd{Y ‘| bmoH$a§OZ H$mo A{YH$ ‘hËd àmá hþAm. à‘wI Ame¶ Ho$ gmW gmW CÔoí¶ H$s A{^ì¶{º$ H$m ^r {dMma hmoZo bJm. {’$a ^r ¶h Zht wbm¶m J¶m {H$ gm{h˶ hr g‘mO Ho$ ‘Z na {d{eï> g§ñH$ma S>mbZodmbm à^mdr gmYZ h¡. S>m°. Ho$VH$a, dm.‘. Omoer, {d.g. Im§S>oH$a Zo H$bmàXe©Z H$s Anojm ܶo¶dmXr OrdZXe©Z H$mo hr AnZo Cnݶmgm| ‘| ‘hËd H$m ñWmZ {X¶m. lr ‘m§S>ImobH$a Zo g‘H$mbrZ amOH$s¶ KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ AmYma na AZoH$ Cnݶmgm| H$m g¥OZ {H$¶m. gwlr {d^mdar {eéaH$a Or Zo AnZo H$Wm gm{h˶ ‘| g§nÞ g‘mO H$s ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ ‘Z H$s gyú‘ {dMma Va§Jm| H$mo ~‹S>r g’$bVm go {M{ÌV {H$¶m.

Zm.gr. ’$‹S>Ho$ Zo AZoH$ àU¶H$WmE± gw§Xa e¡br ‘| {bIt Omo ¶Woï> bmoH${චhþBª. a{d{H$aU ‘§S>b Ho$ H${d¶m| Zo, {deofV: ‘mYd Á¶y{b¶Z Am¡a ¶ed§V Zo d¡¶{º$H$ Xþ:Im| H$m dU©Z H$aZodmbo H$mì¶m| H$s aMZm H$s. BgHo$ ~mX Ho$ H$mbI§S> ‘| A{Zb, ~moaH$a, Hw$gw‘mJ«O, Am{X H${d gm‘Zo AmE. àëhmX Ho$ed AÌo Zo hmñ¶ Ed§ g‘ñ¶màYmZ ZmQ>H$m| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m. daoaH$a Zo g‘¶-g‘¶ na Ñ{ï>JmoMa hmoZodmbr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo àYmZVm XoZo dmbo ZmQ>H$m| H$m g¥OZ H$a ~hþV ~‹S>m H$m¶© {H$¶m. Bgr g‘¶ ì¶{º$JV M[aÌ Ho$ AmYma na {bIo JE {Z~§Y ^r bKwH$WmAm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| gm‘Zo AmE. lr. ‘. ‘mQ>o Ûmam {bpIV H$WmAm| ‘| Añn¥í¶ g‘mO Ho$ gwI-Xþ:I H$s H$éU H$hmZr XoIZo H$mo {‘br. R>rH$ Bgr g‘¶ ¶.Jmo. Omoer Ûmam ‘ܶ‘ dJu¶ g‘mO Ho$ gwI-Xþ:I H$mo H$WmAm| H$m ê$n XoH$a OZVm Ho$ gå‘wI aIm J¶m. {d.Xm. gmdaH$a, lr. ‘. ‘mQ>o, Ho$. jragmJa, nw. J. ghò~wÕo, XÎmmo dm‘Z nmoVXma Am{X {dÛmZm| Zo ~hþ‘yë¶ {Z~§Ym| Ûmam gm{h˶ §S>ma H$s A{^d¥{Õ H$s. X.Ho$. Ho$bH$a, am. lr. OmoJ VWm Ho$. Zm. dmQ>do Zo nm¡dm©Ë¶ Ed§ nm{ü‘m˶ emór¶ VWm gm{h˶H$s¶ {dMmam| H$m gm§Jmonm§J Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m.

1945-1965

Bg H$mbI§S> H$m Ama§ hr Xÿgao ‘hm¶wÕ Ho$ g‘¶ {Z{‘©V gm{h˶ Ho$ AmYma na hþAm. Bg H$mb Ho$ dmL²>‘¶ go BgHo$ nyd© Ho$ H$mì¶ Am¡a H$WmAm| Ho$ à‘wI Ame¶ H$mo Ed§ Am{dîH$mam{X g§Ho$Vm| H$mo O~aXñV Y¸$m bJm {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n gm{h˶ H$m ‘yë¶ ÜdñV hmoVm gm àVrV hmoZo bJm. ‘mZd OrdZ H$s Ag’$bVm, VwÀN>Vm, K¥Ê¶Vm VWm nañna

amYm a‘U e‘m©jo.H$m., H$mZnwa

Ho$ AH$ënZr¶ g§~§Ym| Ho$ Agw§Xa {MÌU dmbr H${dVmAm| Zo a{gH$m| H$s H$mì¶Ñ{ï> ‘| hr n[adV©Z H$a {X¶m. JmS>{Jb, ^mdo, JmoIbo Am{X ‘Zr{f¶m| Ûmam {bpIV gm{h˶ ‘| ‘Zmo‘¶ ì¶mnma, CJ« dmgZm H$m àjmo , Ed§ Jy‹T> {dMmaVa§J B˶m{X H$s Omo {d{eï>Vm A{^춧{OV H$s JB© CgHo$ H$maU dmL²>‘¶ H$m ñdê$n hr ~Xb J¶m. qd.Xm. H$a§XrH$a VWm ‘w{º$~moY Ho$ H$mì¶m| ‘| ‘mZddmX H$s A{^ì¶{º$ hþB©. J«m‘rU OrdZ H$m ¶WmW© Xe©Z 춧H$Q>oe ‘mS>JwbH$a Or Zo H$am¶m Vmo Xÿgar Amoa ‘mYd emór Omoer Zo ‘ܶdJu¶ OrdZ H$m dmñV{dH$ {MÌ OZVm Ho$ gå‘wI aIm. g§nÞ dJ© Ho$ ór-nwéfm| Ho$ gwI Ed§ Xþ:Im| H$m {X½Xe©Z am§JUoH$a, H$mbobH$a, ~mb H$moëhQ>H$a B˶m{X Ûmam {bIo ZmQ>H$m| ‘| {XImB© n‹S>Vm h¡, O~{H$ {dÚmKa JmoIbo Ûmam {bpIV ZmQ>H$ ‘| àmMrZ g§JrV ZmQ>çH$bm nwZé‚mr{dV hmo CR>r h¡. n|S>go, Xm§S>oH$a, ‘mS>JwbH$a Am{X Ho$ Cnݶmgm| ‘| àmXo{eH$ hbMb Ho$ gmW gyú‘ ^mdZm Xe©Z H$mo ^r ‘hËd {X¶m J¶m h¡. lr aUOrV XogmB© Ed§ BZm‘Xma Zo Eo{Vhm{gH$ Cnݶmgm| H$m nwZéÕma {H$¶m. Bgr àH$ma V|XþbH$a, gmR>o, ImZmobH$a B˶m{X Zo ZE T>§J Ho$ ZmQ>H$m| H$m àU¶Z {H$¶m. H$mZoQ>H$a Or Ûmam à¶moJr ZmQ>H$ Bgr H$mbI§S> ‘| {bIo JE. ‘T>}H$a, dm.b. Hw$bH$Uu, lr. Ho$. jragmJa, am. e§. dmqb~o, {X. Ho$. ~oS>oH$a Am{X {dÛmZm| Zo gm{h˶ Ho$ ‘yb {gÕm§Vm| H$s MMm© H$aZodmbo A˶§V ‘yë¶dmZ² Ed§ AmbmoMZmË‘H$ J«§W àH$m{eV {H$E. ZoZo, {‘amer, H$mobVo, Vwbnwbo B˶m{X {dÛmZm| H$m g§emoYZmË‘H$ dmL²>‘¶ ^r Bgr g‘¶ {Z{‘©V hþAm. nw. b. Xoenm§S>o Ho$ R>mog {dZmoXr gm{h˶ Zo a{gH$m| Ho$ ‘Z ‘| AMb ñWmZ àmá H$a {b¶m.

Bg àH$ma gZ² 1874 go {Z{‘©V AmYw{ZH$ ‘amR>r dmL²>‘¶ ê$nYmar gañdVr H$s Ymam H$mì¶, H$Wm, ZmQ>H$, Cnݶmg, M[aÌ Ed§ B{Vhmg g§emoYZm{X àdmhm| go {XZ à{V{XZ g‘¥Õ hmo ahr h¡.

Bg g‘¶ Ho$ gm{h˶ Zo y‘§S>brH$aU Ed§ nmoñQ> ‘m°S>Z© g§doXZmAm| H$mo A{YH$ àIaVm go COmJa {H$¶m. Hw$b {‘bmH$a, ‘amR>r gm{h˶ VWm ‘amR>r ^mfm ñd¶§ H$mo g‘¶ Ho$ gmW OmoµS>H$a AmJo ~µT>Vr J¶r, ~µT> ahr h¡.

1990 go AmJo

Bg H$mbI§S> H$m Ama§ 1990 go nhbo 'eãXdoY' (g§nmXH$ Xm. Jmo. H$mbo) go hþAm. Am¶m‘ Am¡a y‘§S>brH$aU VWm AmYw{ZH$moÎma g§doXZm H$mo COmJa H$aZodmbr H${dVm "A{^Ym' Am¡a "A{^YmZ§Va' (g§nmXH$ - ho‘§V {XdQ>o), "gm¡ð>d' (g§nmXH$ - lrYa {Vbdo, amhþb gadQ>o) "Zdmja Xe©Z' (g§nmXH$ - àdrU ~m§XoH$a), "Iob' (g§nmXH$ - ‘§Joe H$mio), "EodOr' (g§nmXH$ - a‘oe B§Jbo CÌmXH$a) Am{X bKw n{ÌH$mAm| Ho$ O[aE àH$m{eV hmoZo bJr.

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^maV Ho$ ‘hmamï> àm§V H$s BH$bm¡Vr A{YH$m[aH$ amO^mfm h¡. ‘amR>r ‘hmamï> Ho$ ~hþg§»¶ bmoJ ‘amR>r ~mobVo h¢. ^mfmB© n[adma Ho$ ñVa na ¶h EH$ Am¶© ^mfm h¡. ‘amR>r ^maV H$s à‘wI ^mfmAm| ‘| go EH$ h¡. ¶h ‘hmamï> Am¡a Jmodm H$s amO^mfm h¡ VWm n{ü‘ maV H$s gh-amÁ¶ ^mfm h¡. ‘amR>r ~mobZo dmbm| H$s Hw$b g§»¶m bJ^J 10 H$amo‹S> h¡. ¶h ^mfm 2300 gmbm| go ApñVËd ‘| h¡ Am¡a BgH$m ‘yb àmH¥$V go h¡.

‘amR>r ^mfm ^maV Ho$ A{V[aº$ ‘m°[aeg Am¡a BòmBb ‘| ^r ‘amR>r ‘yb Ho$ bmoJm| Ûmam ~mobr OmVr h¡. BZHo$ A{V[aº$ Aݶ Xoe ^r h¢, Ohm± ‘amR>r ‘yb Ho$ bmoJ {Zdmg H$aVo h¢ Am¡a do Bg ^mfm H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¡, {OZ‘| à‘wI h¢ - A‘o[aH$m, g§¶wº$ Aa~ A‘ramV, X{jU Aµ’«$sH$m, qgJmnwa, O‘©Zr, g§¶wº$ amOemhr ({~«Q>oZ), Am°ñQ>o{b¶m, doñQ> BªS>rO Am¡a ݶyµOrb¢S>.

^maV ‘| ‘amR>r ‘w»¶V… ‘hmamï> ‘| ~mobr OmVr h¡. BgHo$ A{V[aº$ ¶h Jmodm, H$Zm©Q>H$, JwOamV, Am§Y«àXoe, ‘ܶàXoe, V{‘bZmSw> Am¡a N>ÎmrgJ‹T> ‘| ^r ~mobr OmVr h¡. Ho$ÝÐ em{gV àXoem| ‘| ¶h X‘Z Am¡a Xrd VWm XmXam Am¡a ZmJa hdobr ‘| ~mobr OmVr h¡.

¶h H«$‘e… n{ü‘r ^maV ‘| ‘hmamï> Am¡a Jmodm amÁ¶m| ‘| Am{YH$m[aH$ ^mfm Am¡a gh-Am{YH$m[aH$ ^mfm h¡. ‘amR>r ^maV H$s 22 AZwgy{MV ^mfmAm| ‘| go EH$ h¡. 2019 ‘|, 83.1 {‘{b¶Z ‘amR>r ~mobZo dmbm| Ho$ gmW, ‘amR>r Xþ{Z¶m ‘| g~go A{YH$ ~mobr OmZo dmbr ^mfmAm| H$s gyMr ‘| Xgd| ñWmZ na h¡. maV ‘| ‘amR>r ~mobZo dmbm| H$s g§»¶m qhXr Am¡a ~§Jmbr Ho$ ~mX Vrgar h¡. ‘amR>r ^mfm ‘| g^r AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr¶ ^mfmAm| H$m Hw$N> àmMrZ gm{h˶ em{‘b h¡, Omo bJ^J 600 dfm] go h¡. ‘amR>r H$s ‘w»¶ ~mobr ‘mZH$ ‘amR>r h¡.

B{Vhmg

‘amR>r gm{h˶ H$s àma§{^H$ aMZmE± ¶Ú{n 12dt gXr go CnbãY h¢ VWm{n ‘amR>r mfm H$s CËn{Îm BgHo$ bJ^J 300 gm¡ df© nyd© Adí¶

hmo MwH$s hmoJr. ‘¡gya àXoe Ho$ ldU~obJmobm Zm‘H$ ñWmZ H$s Jmo‘Q>oœa à{V‘m Ho$ ZrMo dmbo ^mJ na {bIr hþB© "lr Mm‘w§S> amOo H$a{d¶bo, J§JamOo gwÎmmbo H$a{db¶' n§{º$ ‘amR>r ^mfm H$s gd©àW‘ kmV n§{º$ h¡. ¶h g§ dV: eH$ 905 (B© gZ² 983) ‘| CËH$sU© H$s JB© hmoJr. ¶hm± go ¶mXdm| Ho$ H$mb VH$ Ho$ bJ^J 75 {ebmboI AmO VH$ àmá hþE h¢. BZH$s ^mfm H$m g§nyU© ¶m Hw$N> ^mJ ‘amR>r h¡. ‘amR>r ^mfm H$m {Z‘m©U à‘wIV¶m, ‘hmamï>r àmH¥$V Am¡a An «§e ^mfmAm| go hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Bgo ‘w»¶ ê$n go g§ñH¥$V H$s AVwbZr¶ ^mfm g§n{Îm H$m CÎmam{YH$ma r àmá hþAm h¡. àmH¥$V Am¡a An «§e mfm H$mo AmË‘gmV² H$a ‘amR>r Zo 12dt gXr go AnZm AbJ ApñVËd ñWm{nV H$aZm ewê$ {H$¶m. BgH$s {b{n XodZmJar h¡.

Eo{Vhm{gH$ AZwg§YmZ H$aZo dmbo AZoH$ {dÛmZm| Zo ¶h ‘mZ {b¶m h¡ {H$ ‘wHw§$XamO ‘amR>r gm{h˶ Ho$ Am{X H${d h¢. BZH$m g‘¶ 1128 go 1200 VH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡. ‘wHw§$XamO Ho$ Xmo J«§W "{ddoH$qgYw' Am¡a "na‘m‘¥V' h¡ Omo nyU© AmܶmpË‘H$ {df¶ na h¢. ‘wHw§$XamO Ho$ {Zdmg ñWmZ Ho$ g§~§Y ‘| {dÛmZm| H$m EH$ ‘V Zht h¡, {’$a ^r ~rS> {Obo Ho$ A§~oOmoJmB© Zm‘H$ ñWmZ na ~Zr BZH$s g‘m{Y go do ‘amR>dm‹S>m Ho$ {Zdmgr àVrV hmoVo h¢. do ZmWn§Wr¶ Wo. CZHo$ gm{h˶ go Bg n§W Ho$ g§Ho$V àmá hmoVo h¢.

1847-1929

1855 ‘| "V¥Vr¶ aËZ' ZmQ>H$ {Ogo ‘hmË‘m ’w$bo Zo {bIm Wm, CgH$s MMm© Z Ho$ ~am~a hmoVr h¡. AmnQ>o Zo Eo{Vhm{gH$ Cnݶmgm| Ûmam yVH$mbrZ KQ>ZmAm| H$mo ~‹S>o hr gw§Xa T>§J go {M{ÌV {H$¶m VWm

gm‘m{OH$ Cnݶmgm| Ûmam {ó¶m| Ho$ Xþ:Ir OrdZ H$m öX¶ÐmdH$ {MÌ ^r ItMm. lr AÊUm gmho~ {H$bm}ñH$a Zo 1880 ‘| "emHw§$Vb' ZmQ>H$ {bIH$a AmYw{ZH$ ‘amR>r a§J y{‘ H$s Ztd S>mbr. BÝht H$s na§nam ‘| Jmo.X. Xodb Zo g~go nhbo à^mdmoËnmXH$ ZmQ>H$ {bIH$a ZmQ>ç gm{h˶ H$mo ZB© {Xem àXmZ H$s. 1885 go "Ho$edgwV' Zm‘H$ H${d Zo H$mì¶joÌ ‘| ZE ¶wJ H$s ñWmnZm H$s. Eo{Vhm{gH$ gwI ‘| {dœmg, AH¥${Ì‘ ào‘ VWm AmË‘{Zð>m B˶m{X JwU BZH$s H${dVmAm| Ho$ d¡{eï²>¶ aho. BZHo$ ~mX {VbH$, ~r. JmoqdXmJ«O, ~mbH${d, M§ÐeoIa, Vm§~o B˶m{X H${d¶m| Zo ‘amR>r H${dVmAm| Ho$ gm¢X¶© Am¡a gm‘϶© H$mo A{YH$ ~‹T>m¶m. gmdaH$a VWm JmoqdX Zo amï>r¶ ^mdZmAm| H$m CÔrnZ H$aZodmbr H${dVmE± {bIt. B{VhmgmMm¶© amOdmS>o Zo ‘amR>r B{Vhmg Ho$ g§emoYZ H$s na§nam H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m. Iaoemór, gmZo, nmaZrg Am{X B{VhmgVkm| Zo B{Vhmg boIZ Ho$ gmYZm| H$s ‘hËdnyU© ImoO H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ {H$¶m. bmoH$‘mݶ ~mb J§JmYa {VbH$ Or H$s

‘hmamï´> H$s

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15A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

AmoOñdr {dMmaYmam Ho$ AmYma na Im{S>bH$a Zo CËH¥$ï> nm¡am{UH$ Ed§ Eo{Vhm{gH$ ZmQ>H$m| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m. Bgr g‘¶ am‘ JUoe JS>H$ar Zo AnZr bmoH$moÎma à{V^m go H$éU Ed§ hmñ¶ ag H$m CÎm‘ {MÌU {H$¶m. lrH¥$îU H$moëhQ>H$a Zo AnZo hmñ¶nyU© boIm| Ûmam gm‘m{OH$ AmMma {dMma ‘| {XIbmB© n‹S>Zodmbr Ìw{Q>¶m| H$mo gd©‘mݶ OZVm Ho$ gm‘Zo bm aIm. ‘hmË‘m ’w$bo, bmoH$‘mݶ {VbH$, AmJaH$a, nam§Ono, Zaqgh, qMVm‘{U Ho$bH$a Am{X à{gÕ boIH$ Bgr g‘¶ Xoe ‘| {dMmaOmJ¥{V H$m ‘hmZ H$m¶© H$a aho Wo. bmoH$a§OZ H$s Anojm {d{dY {df¶m| Ho$ kmZ §S>ma H$s ny{V© H$mo A{YH$ ‘hËdnyU© ‘mZH$ gm{h˶ {Z‘m©U H$m H$m¶© {H$¶m J¶m.

1920-1945

BgHo$ ~mX H$s H$mbmd{Y ‘| bmoH$a§OZ H$mo A{YH$ ‘hËd àmá hþAm. à‘wI Ame¶ Ho$ gmW gmW CÔoí¶ H$s A{^ì¶{º$ H$m ^r {dMma hmoZo bJm. {’$a ^r ¶h Zht wbm¶m J¶m {H$ gm{h˶ hr g‘mO Ho$ ‘Z na {d{eï> g§ñH$ma S>mbZodmbm à^mdr gmYZ h¡. S>m°. Ho$VH$a, dm.‘. Omoer, {d.g. Im§S>oH$a Zo H$bmàXe©Z H$s Anojm ܶo¶dmXr OrdZXe©Z H$mo hr AnZo Cnݶmgm| ‘| ‘hËd H$m ñWmZ {X¶m. lr ‘m§S>ImobH$a Zo g‘H$mbrZ amOH$s¶ KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ AmYma na AZoH$ Cnݶmgm| H$m g¥OZ {H$¶m. gwlr {d^mdar {eéaH$a Or Zo AnZo H$Wm gm{h˶ ‘| g§nÞ g‘mO H$s ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ ‘Z H$s gyú‘ {dMma Va§Jm| H$mo ~‹S>r g’$bVm go {M{ÌV {H$¶m.

Zm.gr. ’$‹S>Ho$ Zo AZoH$ àU¶H$WmE± gw§Xa e¡br ‘| {bIt Omo ¶Woï> bmoH${චhþBª. a{d{H$aU ‘§S>b Ho$ H${d¶m| Zo, {deofV: ‘mYd Á¶y{b¶Z Am¡a ¶ed§V Zo d¡¶{º$H$ Xþ:Im| H$m dU©Z H$aZodmbo H$mì¶m| H$s aMZm H$s. BgHo$ ~mX Ho$ H$mbI§S> ‘| A{Zb, ~moaH$a, Hw$gw‘mJ«O, Am{X H${d gm‘Zo AmE. àëhmX Ho$ed AÌo Zo hmñ¶ Ed§ g‘ñ¶màYmZ ZmQ>H$m| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m. daoaH$a Zo g‘¶-g‘¶ na Ñ{ï>JmoMa hmoZodmbr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo àYmZVm XoZo dmbo ZmQ>H$m| H$m g¥OZ H$a ~hþV ~‹S>m H$m¶© {H$¶m. Bgr g‘¶ ì¶{º$JV M[aÌ Ho$ AmYma na {bIo JE {Z~§Y ^r bKwH$WmAm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| gm‘Zo AmE. lr. ‘. ‘mQ>o Ûmam {bpIV H$WmAm| ‘| Añn¥í¶ g‘mO Ho$ gwI-Xþ:I H$s H$éU H$hmZr XoIZo H$mo {‘br. R>rH$ Bgr g‘¶ ¶.Jmo. Omoer Ûmam ‘ܶ‘ dJu¶ g‘mO Ho$ gwI-Xþ:I H$mo H$WmAm| H$m ê$n XoH$a OZVm Ho$ gå‘wI aIm J¶m. {d.Xm. gmdaH$a, lr. ‘. ‘mQ>o, Ho$. jragmJa, nw. J. ghò~wÕo, XÎmmo dm‘Z nmoVXma Am{X {dÛmZm| Zo ~hþ‘yë¶ {Z~§Ym| Ûmam gm{h˶ §S>ma H$s A{^d¥{Õ H$s. X.Ho$. Ho$bH$a, am. lr. OmoJ VWm Ho$. Zm. dmQ>do Zo nm¡dm©Ë¶ Ed§ nm{ü‘m˶ emór¶ VWm gm{h˶H$s¶ {dMmam| H$m gm§Jmonm§J Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m.

1945-1965

Bg H$mbI§S> H$m Ama§ hr Xÿgao ‘hm¶wÕ Ho$ g‘¶ {Z{‘©V gm{h˶ Ho$ AmYma na hþAm. Bg H$mb Ho$ dmL²>‘¶ go BgHo$ nyd© Ho$ H$mì¶ Am¡a H$WmAm| Ho$ à‘wI Ame¶ H$mo Ed§ Am{dîH$mam{X g§Ho$Vm| H$mo O~aXñV Y¸$m bJm {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n gm{h˶ H$m ‘yë¶ ÜdñV hmoVm gm àVrV hmoZo bJm. ‘mZd OrdZ H$s Ag’$bVm, VwÀN>Vm, K¥Ê¶Vm VWm nañna

amYm a‘U e‘m©jo.H$m., H$mZnwa

Ho$ AH$ënZr¶ g§~§Ym| Ho$ Agw§Xa {MÌU dmbr H${dVmAm| Zo a{gH$m| H$s H$mì¶Ñ{ï> ‘| hr n[adV©Z H$a {X¶m. JmS>{Jb, ^mdo, JmoIbo Am{X ‘Zr{f¶m| Ûmam {bpIV gm{h˶ ‘| ‘Zmo‘¶ ì¶mnma, CJ« dmgZm H$m àjmo , Ed§ Jy‹T> {dMmaVa§J B˶m{X H$s Omo {d{eï>Vm A{^춧{OV H$s JB© CgHo$ H$maU dmL²>‘¶ H$m ñdê$n hr ~Xb J¶m. qd.Xm. H$a§XrH$a VWm ‘w{º$~moY Ho$ H$mì¶m| ‘| ‘mZddmX H$s A{^ì¶{º$ hþB©. J«m‘rU OrdZ H$m ¶WmW© Xe©Z 춧H$Q>oe ‘mS>JwbH$a Or Zo H$am¶m Vmo Xÿgar Amoa ‘mYd emór Omoer Zo ‘ܶdJu¶ OrdZ H$m dmñV{dH$ {MÌ OZVm Ho$ gå‘wI aIm. g§nÞ dJ© Ho$ ór-nwéfm| Ho$ gwI Ed§ Xþ:Im| H$m {X½Xe©Z am§JUoH$a, H$mbobH$a, ~mb H$moëhQ>H$a B˶m{X Ûmam {bIo ZmQ>H$m| ‘| {XImB© n‹S>Vm h¡, O~{H$ {dÚmKa JmoIbo Ûmam {bpIV ZmQ>H$ ‘| àmMrZ g§JrV ZmQ>çH$bm nwZé‚mr{dV hmo CR>r h¡. n|S>go, Xm§S>oH$a, ‘mS>JwbH$a Am{X Ho$ Cnݶmgm| ‘| àmXo{eH$ hbMb Ho$ gmW gyú‘ ^mdZm Xe©Z H$mo ^r ‘hËd {X¶m J¶m h¡. lr aUOrV XogmB© Ed§ BZm‘Xma Zo Eo{Vhm{gH$ Cnݶmgm| H$m nwZéÕma {H$¶m. Bgr àH$ma V|XþbH$a, gmR>o, ImZmobH$a B˶m{X Zo ZE T>§J Ho$ ZmQ>H$m| H$m àU¶Z {H$¶m. H$mZoQ>H$a Or Ûmam à¶moJr ZmQ>H$ Bgr H$mbI§S> ‘| {bIo JE. ‘T>}H$a, dm.b. Hw$bH$Uu, lr. Ho$. jragmJa, am. e§. dmqb~o, {X. Ho$. ~oS>oH$a Am{X {dÛmZm| Zo gm{h˶ Ho$ ‘yb {gÕm§Vm| H$s MMm© H$aZodmbo A˶§V ‘yë¶dmZ² Ed§ AmbmoMZmË‘H$ J«§W àH$m{eV {H$E. ZoZo, {‘amer, H$mobVo, Vwbnwbo B˶m{X {dÛmZm| H$m g§emoYZmË‘H$ dmL²>‘¶ ^r Bgr g‘¶ {Z{‘©V hþAm. nw. b. Xoenm§S>o Ho$ R>mog {dZmoXr gm{h˶ Zo a{gH$m| Ho$ ‘Z ‘| AMb ñWmZ àmá H$a {b¶m.

Bg àH$ma gZ² 1874 go {Z{‘©V AmYw{ZH$ ‘amR>r dmL²>‘¶ ê$nYmar gañdVr H$s Ymam H$mì¶, H$Wm, ZmQ>H$, Cnݶmg, M[aÌ Ed§ B{Vhmg g§emoYZm{X àdmhm| go {XZ à{V{XZ g‘¥Õ hmo ahr h¡.

Bg g‘¶ Ho$ gm{h˶ Zo y‘§S>brH$aU Ed§ nmoñQ> ‘m°S>Z© g§doXZmAm| H$mo A{YH$ àIaVm go COmJa {H$¶m. Hw$b {‘bmH$a, ‘amR>r gm{h˶ VWm ‘amR>r ^mfm ñd¶§ H$mo g‘¶ Ho$ gmW OmoµS>H$a AmJo ~µT>Vr J¶r, ~µT> ahr h¡.

1990 go AmJo

Bg H$mbI§S> H$m Ama§ 1990 go nhbo 'eãXdoY' (g§nmXH$ Xm. Jmo. H$mbo) go hþAm. Am¶m‘ Am¡a y‘§S>brH$aU VWm AmYw{ZH$moÎma g§doXZm H$mo COmJa H$aZodmbr H${dVm "A{^Ym' Am¡a "A{^YmZ§Va' (g§nmXH$ - ho‘§V {XdQ>o), "gm¡ð>d' (g§nmXH$ - lrYa {Vbdo, amhþb gadQ>o) "Zdmja Xe©Z' (g§nmXH$ - àdrU ~m§XoH$a), "Iob' (g§nmXH$ - ‘§Joe H$mio), "EodOr' (g§nmXH$ - a‘oe B§Jbo CÌmXH$a) Am{X bKw n{ÌH$mAm| Ho$ O[aE àH$m{eV hmoZo bJr.

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16 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

Xoe-{dXoe ‘| g{H«$¶ Ed§ amï>r¶ d A§Vam©ï>r¶ ‘§Mm| na amO^mfm Ed§ nÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV àñVw{V, g§¶moOZ Ed§ g§MmbZ go AnZr {d{eï> nhMmZ ~ZmB© h¡ S>m°. Odmha H$Zm©dQ> Zo. ~¢qH$J Ho$ joÌ ‘| amO^mfm ‘| ‘hmà~§YH$ VH$

H$m AmohXm àmá H$aZo dmbo S>m° Odmha H$Zm©dQ> gyMZm àm¡Úmo{JH$s ‘| {hÝXr Ed§ ^maVr¶ ^mfmAm| Ho$ à¶moJ H$mo ~‹T>mZo d Bgo bmoH${ච~ZmZo Ho$ {bE AmO ^r à¶mgaV h¢. S>m°. H$Zm©dQ> Zo AnZo H$m¶© joÌ ‘| H$B© H$s{V©‘mZ ñWm{nV {H$E h¢. amï>r¶ Ed§ A§Vam©ï>r¶ ñVa na H$B© nwañH$mam| go ZdmOo JE h¢. {dXoe ‘§Ìmb¶ Ûmam gZ² 2018 ‘| ‘m°areg ‘| g§nÝZ {dœ {hÝXr gå‘obZ ‘| AmnHo$ Ûmam g§J«{hV 25 Xoem| H$s 115 dfm] H$s {hÝXr n{ÌH$mAm| H$s àXe©Zr Am¶mo{OV H$s JB©. AmnHo$ gh-boIZ ‘| àH$m{eV hþB© nwñVH$-AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr¶ ~¢qH$J: {gÕm§V Ed§ ì¶dhma? H$mo ^maV gaH$ma Ho$ Cƒ {ejm {d^mJ Zo nwañH¥$V ^r {H$¶m h¡. AmnZo Xoe H$s H$B© à{V{ð>V nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| ‘| bJmVma boIZ H$m¶© H$aVo hþE {d{dY àH$meZm| Ho$ g§nmXZ H$m Xm{¶Ëd ^r g’$bVmnyd©H$ {Zdm©h {H$¶m h¡. amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z Ed§ OZgånH©$ Ho$ joÌ ‘| H$B© A{^Zd H$m¶© H$aZo dmbo S>m°. Odmha H$Zm©dQ> go ~mV H$s H|$Ðr¶ H$m¶m©b¶ ‘| nXñW h‘mao g§dmXXmVm lr gmdZ gm¡a^ Zo:-àý.: ~¢qH$J ‘| {hÝXr Ho$ joÌ ‘| AmnZo ‘hmà~§YH$ VH$ H$m AmohXm àmá {H$¶m

h¡. Amn AnZo Ama§{^H$ {ejm Ed§ {hÝXr Ho$ à{V AmnHo$ PwH$md Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~VmE§.

‘oao {nVm ñdV§ÌVm goZmZr aho {OgHo$ H$maU n[adma ‘| amï> {º$ H$m ^md gX¡d ahm. gmVdt-AmR>dt H$jm go hr ‘¢Zo {hÝXr ‘| {bIZm ewê$ H$a {X¶m Wm. Cg O‘mZo ‘| Vmo gmB§g, H$m°‘g© ¶m AmQ²g© g§H$m¶ Ho$ {dH$ën H$s hr gw{dYm Wr. Aën gmYZm| ‘| N>mÌd¥{Îm ~S>m ghmam Wr. AV: {hÝXr ‘mܶ‘ go hr ~r.H$m°‘ Am¡a E‘.H$m°‘ {H$¶m. Ka H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ H$maU ~rH$m°‘ Ho$ g‘¶ go hr Zm¡H$ar H$aZm ewê$ H$a {X¶m. boIZ H$s ewéAmV B§Xm¡a go àH$m{eV à{V{ð>V g‘mMma-nÌ ZB© Xþ{Z¶m go hþB©. Bg àH$ma {hÝXr Ho$ à{V PwH$md bJmVma ~‹T>Vm J¶m.

àý.: {nVm ñdV§ÌVm goZmZr Wo Vmo Ka Ho$ hmbmV H¡$go aho? nad[ae H¡$go hþB© ~Vm¡a ñdV§ÌVm goZmZr {nVm H$mo ‘mÌ 70 H$s n|eZ àmá hmoVr Wr Am¡a

Ka ‘| h‘ gmV gXñ¶ Wo. Xmo H$‘am| Ho$ {Zdmg Ho$ ~rM ‘| EH$ bmBQ> ~ë~ bJm ahVm Wm. g’$a ~hþV MwZm¡VrnyU© ahm. na§Vw ‘oam ¶h ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ Omo Wno‹S>o ImH$a AmJo ~‹T>Vo h¢, CZH$s Ztd ‘O~yV hmoVr h¡. {nVmOr H$mo ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmobZ ‘| CZHo$ ¶moJXmZ hoVw àYmZ‘§ÌrOr Ûmam 1972 ‘| gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m Wm. g§Kf© H$aZo H$m OwZyZ Am¡a OÁ~m h‘| CZgo àmá hþAm.

àý.: BVZo g§Kf© Ho$ ~rM {bIZm {H$g àH$ma Omar ahm?

{bIZo Ho$ à{V éPmZ ì¶dñWmAm| H$s {dg§J{V¶m| go Am¶m. Cg g‘¶ ^r h‘ bmoJm| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| {bIm H$aVo Wo. h‘mam PwH$md gm{hp˶H$ ^mfm Ho$ à{V Wm, gm{h˶ Ho$ à{V Zht. AnZr ^mfm H$mo ñWm{nV H$aZo Ho$ g§X © ‘| hr {hÝXr {bIZo Ho$ à{V h‘mam éPmZ ~‹T>m.

àý.: {hÝXr ‘| Am¡a ^mfmAm| Ho$ Omo eãX AmE h¢ ¶m Am aho h¢ Bg ~mao ‘| AmnHo$ Š¶m {dMma h¢? Š¶m ¶o eãX {hÝXr H$mo H$‘Omoa ¶m g‘¥Õ ~Zm ahr h¢?

H$B© CXmhaU h‘mao gm‘Zo h¢. O¡go h‘Zo "nmdVr' O¡go eãX H$mo bo {b¶m h¡ O~{H$ nmdVr eãX JwOamVr d ‘amR>r ‘| à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡. CXmhaU ñdén ‘| EH$ KQ>Zm H$m {OH«$ H$ê$§Jm O~ ‘¢ JwOamV ‘| Wm Vmo dhm§ na EH$ eãX H$m à¶moJ hmoVm Wm g§Mma-~§Xr, Omo H$â¶y© eãX Ho$ {bE à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡. na§Vw ‘¢Zo Zht XoIm {H$ H$â¶y© Ho$ {bE {H$gr {hÝXr eãX H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a ‘wPo bJVm h¡ {H$ Eogo eãXm| H$mo {hÝXr ‘| bo {b¶m OmZm Mm{hE. ‘¢ Vmo ¶h ¶h ‘mZVm hÿ§ {H$ ^mfm H$mo g‘¥Õ H$aZo Ho$ {bE Bg àH$ma Aݶ ^mfmAm| Ho$ eãXm| H$mo bmZm Mm{hE Omo Bgo Am¡a ì¶mnH$ ~ZmVo h¢ Am¡a gQ>rH$ AW© àXmZ H$aVo h¢.

àý.: {hÝXr ‘| gyMZm àm¡Úmo{JH$s H$m à¶moJ Bgo g‘¥Õ Am¡a bmoH${ච~ZmZo Ho$ {bE {H$VZm ghm¶H$ h¡?

gyMZm àm¡Úmo{JH$s H$s y{‘H$m {hÝXr H$mo bmoH${චd g‘¥Õ ~ZmZo ‘| A˶§V ‘hËdnyU© h¡. ‘oam ¶h ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ gyMZm àm¡Úmo{JH$s Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go A§J«oOr ^mfm ‘| {OVZr gw{dYmE§ àmá hmoVr h¡ CVZr hr gw{dYmE§ {hÝXr ‘| ^r hmoZr Mm{hE. gyMZm àm¡Úmo{JH$s Ho$ {~Zm h‘ AnZr ^mfm H$mo Xm¡‹S> ‘| AmJo aIo Zht nmE§Jo. Eogm Zm hmoZo na bmoJm| Ho$ nmg ~hmZm hmoJm {H$ AmnH$s ^mfm ‘| Vmo Bg Vah H$m¶© hmoVm hr Zht h¡, Vmo h‘ BgH$m à¶moJ Š¶m| H$a|? Bggo g§~§{YV {dÎm ‘§Ìmb¶ H$s EH$ g{‘{V ~Zr Wr {OgH$m ‘¢ ^r gXñ¶ Wm, {Og‘| MMm© H$m {df¶ Wm {H$ dmñV{dH$ ê$n ‘| h‘ AnZo J«mhH$ H$mo CgH$s g‘P H$s ^mfm ‘| OmZH$mar Zht nhþ§Mm nm aho h¢. h‘mao Omo J«mhH$ h¢ CZH$mo gyMZm àm¡Úmo{JH$s Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go {Og ^mfm ‘| dh ghO h¡ Am¡a Omo CZHo$ {bE gab ^mfm h¡, Cgr ‘| CZH$mo OmZH$m[a¶m§ / gyMZmE§ àXmZ H$admB© OmE. qH$Vw A^r VH$ h‘ Bg‘| g’$b Zht hmo nmE h¢.

àý.: h‘| ñdV§Ì hþE 73 gmb hmo MwHo$ h¢. bo{H$Z {Og J{V go {hÝXr H$mo AmJo ~‹T>Zm Mm{hE Wm, Zht hmo nm¶m. BgHo$ nrN>o Š¶m H$maU hmo gH$Vo h¡?

Bg gdmb H$m Odm~ ‘¢ EH$ CXmhaU Ho$ gmW XoZm MmhVm hÿ§. h‘ no‹S> H$s O‹S>m| ‘| nmZr XoVo h¡ V~ EH$ no‹S> ~‹S>m hmoVm h¡. bo{H$Z h‘ amO^mfm {hÝXr ‘| no‹S> Ho$ nÎmm| H$mo nmZr Xo aho h¢, Z {H$ CgH$s O‹S>m| H$mo. H$moB© ^r ^mfm {ejm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡ Am¡a {ejm Am¡a amoOJma Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ ‘| O~ VH$ h‘ AnZr ^mfm H$mo Zht bmE§Jo, V~ VH$ dh AmJo Zht ~‹T> gHo$Jr.

àý.: {hÝXr H$mo ì¶mnH$Vm àXmZ H$aZo Am¡a bmoJm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$Vm ~XbZo Ho$ {bE Š¶m {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE?

bmoJm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$Vm ~XbZo Ho$ {bE gm‘y{hH$ à¶mg {H$E OmZo Mm{hE, {Og‘| {ejm Zr{V, qàQ> ‘r{S>¶m Am{X H$m Cn¶moJ em{‘b h¡. h‘mao

16 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

{deof gmjmËH$ma

""gyMZm àm¡Úmo{JH$s go A§J«oOr{OVZr gw{dYmE§ {hÝXr ‘|...''

Xoe-{dXoe ‘| g{H«$¶ Ed§ amï>r¶ d A§Vam©ï>r¶ ‘§Mm| na amO^mfm Ed§ nÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV àñVw{V, g§¶moOZ Ed§ g§MmbZ go AnZr {d{eï> nhMmZ ~ZmB© h¡ S>m°. Odmha H$Zm©dQ> Zo. ~¢qH$J Ho$ joÌ ‘| amO^mfm ‘| ‘hmà~§YH$ VH$

िवशष सा�ा�ार

S>m°.Odmha H$Um©dQ>

17A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

~hþ m{fH$ Xoe ‘| ^maVr¶ ^mfmAm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go {ejm Am¡a amoOJma H$s Jma§Q>r hmoZo na hr dmñVd ‘| BgH$m g‘mYmZ hmo gHo$Jm. ‘oam ¶h ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ O~ VH$ h‘mao ¶hm§ ^mfm H$mo boH$a g»Vr Zht H$s OmEJr, V~ VH$ ¶h g§ d hmoZm ‘wpíH$b h¡. ZB© {ejm Zr{V go Amem H$s {H$aU {XImB© Xo ahr h¡. Aݶ Xoem| ‘| {Og àH$ma CZH$s ñd¶§ H$s ^mfm H$mo à¶moJ ‘| bmZo Ho$ {bE H$mZyZ ~Zo hþE h¢, h‘mao ¶hm§ Eogm H$moB© H$mZyZ Zht h¡. h‘mar amOZr{VH$ BÀN>me{º$ Bg‘| ~hþV hr ‘hËdnyU© y{‘H$m AXm H$a gH$Vr h¡.

àý.: "{hÝXr gm{h˶ go {hÝXr AmOr{dH$m Ho$ gmYZ VH$'; AmOr{dH$m Ho$ joÌ ‘| {hÝXr {H$VZr ghm¶H$ hmoJr?

h‘mao ¶hm§ ~‹S>r {X¸$V ¶h h¡ {H$ {Og joÌ H$m amoOJma h¡, dhm§ CgHo$ Cn¶w©º$ ì¶{º$ Zht {‘bVo. {hÝXr Ho$ joÌ ‘| Vmo AmO amoOJma Ho$ H$B© {dH$ën CnbãY h¡. {ejU-à{ejU Ho$ joÌ ‘| {hÝXr Ho$ {bE amoOJma CnbãY h¡. ~m°brdwS> - hm°brdwS> ‘| pñH«$ßQ> amBqQ>J, H$m°nr amBqQ>J ^r {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡. Bg‘| EH$ g~go ‘hËdnyU© nj h¡ AZwdmX. AmO ^r AZwdmX Ho$ joÌ ‘| AÀN>o AZwdmXH$ Zht {‘bVo. O¡gm {H$ Amn OmZVo h¢ {H$ ¶{X ‘yb ^mfm Am¡a bú¶ ^mfm XmoZm| na Amn H$s nH$‹S> Zht hmoJr Vmo ¶h H$m¶© H${R>Z hmo OmVm h¡. Xÿgao Xoem| ‘| AJa H$moB© Z¶m kmZ ¶m Am{dîH$ma hmoVm h¡ Vmo Vwa§V CgH$m CZH$s AnZr mfm ‘| AZwdmX H$a {X¶m OmVm h¡, {Oggo bmoJ Cgo ~ohVa VarHo$ go g‘P gHo$. Eogo Xoem| ‘| AZwdmX H$aZo H$s emgH$s¶ ì¶dñWm h¡. h‘mao ¶hm§ Bg àH$ma H$s H$moB© ì¶dñWm Zht h¡ Am¡a Bg H$m¶© H$mo H$aZo dmbo ì¶{º$¶m| H$s ^r H$‘r h¡.

àý.: JyJb AZwdmX Ho$ ~mao ‘| Amn Š¶m H$h|Jo? dmŠ¶m| H$m Vmo AZwdmX JyJb H$a XoVm h¡ na§Vw H$B© OJhm|

na dh eãXm| Ho$ g§X © AZwgma AZwdmX Zht H$aVm h¡. O¡go ‘¢Zo EH$ ~ma {bIm; "nmg~wH$ hoO ~rZ nmoñQ>oS>' Vmo JyJb Zo CgH$m AZwdmX H$a {X¶m {H$ nmg~wH$ S>mH$ ‘| oO Xr JB© h¡. O~{H$ nmoñQ>oS> go VmËn¶© à{d{ï> go Wm.

‘wPo bJVm h¡ {H$ JyJb Ho$ AZwdmX Ho$ joÌ ‘| A^r dh na’o$ŠeZ AmZm ~mH$s h¡, Š¶m|{H$ A§J«oOr Ho$ EH$ eãX H$m AW© ha OJh AbJ-AbJ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a eãXH$moe, AWm] H$mo dmŠ¶m| ‘| J«hU Zht H$aVm h¡. O¡go A§J«oOr H$m eãX 'Issue' H$mo b|. ¶h Ho$db EH$ eãX h¡ na§Vw dmŠ¶ Ho$ AZwê$n CgHo$ AW© ~Xb OmVo h¢. ghr AW© Z {bI nmZo go AW© H$m AZW© hmoVm h¡.

àý.: {dXoem| ‘| AmnZo {hÝXr Ho$ àMma-àgma Ho$ {bE ~hþV H$m‘ {H$¶m h¡ Am¡a A~ ^r H$a aho h¢. BgHo$ ~mao ‘| Hw$N> ~VmBE.

Xÿgao Xoe H$s ^mfm Ho$ gmW AnZr ^mfm H$s VwbZm H$aZm H$ht ^r C{MV Zht h¡. na§Vw ¶h ~mV ^r CVZr hr ghr h¡ {H$ {dXoem| ‘| h‘mar ^mfm H$m ’¡$bmd ~hþV Á¶mXm hþAm h¡. {dœ ‘| {hÝXr H$m àMma-àgma hmo Am¡a AJa ^maV ‘| BgH$m ’¡$bmd Zm hmo Vmo BgH$m EH$ {dnarV à^md n‹S>Vm h¡. ‘¢Zo AZoH$ A§Vam©ï>r¶ gå‘obZm| ‘| mJrXmar H$s h¡ Am¡a 20 go A{YH$ Xoem| H$s e¡j{UH$ ¶mÌmE± ^r H$s h¡. {dXoem| ‘| 150 go A{YH$ {dœ{dÚmb¶m| Am¡a ‘hm{dÚmb¶m| ‘| àmW{‘H$ {ejm go boH$a Cƒ {ejm VH$ {hÝXr n‹T>mB© OmVr h¡. Aݶ Xoem| O¡go {’$Or, ‘m°areg, {Ì{ZXmX, ¶yEB©, qgJmnwa, {~«Q>oZ, A‘o[aH$m Am{X Xoem| ‘| ^r {hÝXr AmO bJmVma ~‹T> ahr h¡. {dXoer bmoJ AnZo gmW am‘m¶U, ‘hm^maV ¶m Xÿgao J«ÝW bo JE Wo Am¡a CZHo$ ‘mܶ‘ go dhm§ {hÝXr H$m àMma-àgma hþAm. BgHo$ Abmdm ~hþV go {dXo{e¶m| Zo ^r ^maVr¶ ^mfmAmo± ‘| AnZm ¶moJXmZ {X¶m h¡. Amn àdmgr boIZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dXoem| ‘| {bIZo dmbo boIH$m| Ed§ H${d¶m| Am¡a gm{h˶H$mam| go

n[a{MV hm|Jo. CZH$s g§»¶m ~‹S>r h¡ Am¡a {hÝXr H$s g§ñWmE§ r dhm§ AÀN>m H$m¶© H$a ahr h¡. {g’©$ am‘m¶U Ed§ ‘hm^maV J«§Wm| H$m Aݶ ^mfmAm| ‘| AZwdmX hr Zht hþAm h¡ A{nVw {hÝXr Ho$ Aݶ gm{h˶H$mam| H$s aMZmE§ ^r Aݶ ^mfmAm| ‘| AZw{XV hþB© h¢.

àý.: h‘mar ZB© nm¡Y, ZB© nr‹T>r H$mo {hÝXr Ho$ à{V Š¶m g§Xoe XoZm Mmh|Jo? ZB© nr‹T>r VWm amO^mfm Ho$ joÌ ‘| H$m¶©aV h‘mao g^r amO^mfm A{YH$m[a¶m|

H$mo ‘¢ ¶h H$hZm Mmhÿ±Jm {H$ Amn ~¢H$ ‘| ~Vm¡a amO^mfm A{YH$mar ~ZH$a Vmo Am JE, na§Vw amO^mfm A{YH$mar H$m H$m¶© Ho$db Zm¡H$ar g‘PH$a Zht hmo gH$Vm. AJa AmnH$mo ~¢qH$J ‘| amO^mfm H$m H$m¶© H$aZm h¡ Vmo dhm§ na {‘eZ Am¡a g‘n©U g~go Á¶mXm Oê$ar h¡. EH$ amO^mfm A{YH$mar ‘| AmË‘ ~b Am¡a AmË‘{dœmg ~hþV Á¶mXm hmoZm Mm{hE Š¶m|{H$ amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z H$m H$m¶© Ymam Ho$ {dnarV MbZm h¡. AmnH$mo bmoJm| H$mo EH$ AbJ Ymam ‘| boH$a MbZm h¡, Omo ~hþV hr ‘wpíH$b H$m¶© h¡. Bgo ‘mÌ Zm¡H$ar H$s Vah boH$a MbZo go ¶h g§ d Zhr hmo nmEJm. kmZ hr BgH$s EH$ ‘mÌ e{º$ h¡. Amn ~¢H$ ‘| h¡ Vmo AnZo kmZ H$mo {OVZm hmo gHo$ ~‹T>mBE. Amn ~¢H$ ‘| h¡ Vmo ~¢qH$J ^r grpIE Am¡a ^mfm na ^r AmnH$m A{YH$ma hmo, ¶h g~go Á¶mXm Amdí¶H$ h¡. AmË‘{dœmg, AmË‘~b, {‘eZ H$s ^mdZm Am¡a gmW hr ñd¶§ H$mo Á¶mXm go Á¶mXm AÚVZ aIZm, O¡gr VmH$V AmnHo$ nmg h¡ Vmo Amn ^r AmJo ~‹T> gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a g’$bVm àmá H$a gH$Vo h¢.

àý.: Amn godm{Zd¥V hmo MwHo$ h¢ {’$a ^r "[aQ>m¶S>© ~Q> Zm°Q> Q>m¶S>©' O¡go {hÝXr Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^Þ nhbwAm| na H$m¶© H$a aho h¢, AmJo AmnH$s Š¶m ¶moOZmE± h¢? XopIE, {nN>bo 17-18 gmbm| go ‘oam EH$ ~hþV ‘hËdnyU© emoY H$m¶© Mb ahm h¡ - ^maV Ho$ ~mha H$s {hÝXr nÌH$m[aVm. Bg‘| 30 Xoem| H$s 117 gmbm| H$s Omo {hÝXr nÌH$m[aVm h¡, Cgo g‘oQ>Zo H$m H$m¶© H$a ahm hÿ§. ~¢H$ ‘| ahVo hþE em¶X CgHo$ {bE BVZm g‘¶ Zht {‘b nm¶m Vmo ‘¢ A^r Cgr H$m¶© ‘| bJm hþAm hÿ§, {Og‘| BZ Xoem| H$s {hÝXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m B{Vhmg Am¡a dV©‘mZ hmoJm. Bg {df¶ na H$B© OJh ‘oar àXe©{Z¶m§ ^r bJ MwH$s h¡. ‘m°areg ‘| {dœ {hÝXr gå‘obZ ‘| ^r àXe©Zr bJmZo Ho$ {bE {dXoe ‘§Ìmb¶ ‘wPo ñd¶§ bo J¶m Wm Am¡a {X„r Ho$ B§{Xam Jm§Yr g|Q>a Am°’$ AmQ>© E§S> H$ëMa Zo àXe©Zr Ho$ {bE ‘wPo Am‘§{ÌV ^r {H$¶m Wm. Xÿgam H$m¶© Vmo {hÝXr Ho$ àMma-àgma, bmoJm| H$s

‘mZ{gH$Vm ~XbZo H$m h¡. ‘¢ ‘ܶàXoe Ho$ {hÝXr ^dZ H$m {ZXoeH$ hÿ§, Omo {ejm Am¡a gm{h˶ Ho$ {bE H$m¶© H$a ahm h¡. ¶h H$m’$s nwamZr g§ñWm h¡, {Og‘| ‘¢ AnZr godmE§ Xo ahm hÿ§. BgHo$ Abmdm h‘mam "d¡{œH$ {hÝXr n[adma' h¡, {Og‘| Xoe {dXoe Ho$ H$m’$s bmoJ Ow‹S>o hþE h¢, Omo {hÝXr H$s J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m g§MmbZ H$aVo h¢. Vmo ‘oar ì¶ñVVm CVZr hr h¡, {OVZr ~¢H$ ‘| godmaV ahVo hþE Wr. h‘mam Omo H$m¶© h¡, Cg‘| h‘ IwX H$mo ^mfm Ho$ H$m¶©H$Vm© Ho$ ê$n ‘| hr ‘hgyg H$aVo h¢. ^mfm Ho$ H$maU hr h‘Zo ~hþV Hw$N> hm{gb {H$¶m h¡. ‘¢ ~¢H$ ‘| amO^mfm A{YH$mar Ho$ Vm¡a na godm ‘| Am¶m Am¡a ~¢H$ Zo ‘hmà~§YH$ ~ZZo H$m Adga {X¶m. ‘wPo Omo ^r g‘¥{Õ Am¡a CnbpãY àmá hþB© h¡ ¶m d¡{œH$ ñVa na H$m‘ H$aZo H$m h‘| Omo Adga {‘bm h¡, CgH$m lo¶ h‘mar mfm H$mo hr OmVm h¡. mfm Ho$ H$maU ¶{X h‘| BVZm Hw$N> àmá hþAm h¡, Vmo h‘mam ¶h Xm{¶Ëd ~ZVm h¡ {H$ h‘ AnZr ^mfm H$mo Hw$N> bm¡Q>mE§ Am¡a ‘¢ ~g Cgr Xm{¶Ëd H$mo B©‘mZXmar go {Z^mZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a ahm hÿ±.

17A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

िवशष सा�ा�ार

gmdZ gm¡a^Ho$.H$m., ‘w§~B©

Page 17: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

16 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

Xoe-{dXoe ‘| g{H«$¶ Ed§ amï>r¶ d A§Vam©ï>r¶ ‘§Mm| na amO^mfm Ed§ nÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV àñVw{V, g§¶moOZ Ed§ g§MmbZ go AnZr {d{eï> nhMmZ ~ZmB© h¡ S>m°. Odmha H$Zm©dQ> Zo. ~¢qH$J Ho$ joÌ ‘| amO^mfm ‘| ‘hmà~§YH$ VH$

H$m AmohXm àmá H$aZo dmbo S>m° Odmha H$Zm©dQ> gyMZm àm¡Úmo{JH$s ‘| {hÝXr Ed§ ^maVr¶ ^mfmAm| Ho$ à¶moJ H$mo ~‹T>mZo d Bgo bmoH${ච~ZmZo Ho$ {bE AmO ^r à¶mgaV h¢. S>m°. H$Zm©dQ> Zo AnZo H$m¶© joÌ ‘| H$B© H$s{V©‘mZ ñWm{nV {H$E h¢. amï>r¶ Ed§ A§Vam©ï>r¶ ñVa na H$B© nwañH$mam| go ZdmOo JE h¢. {dXoe ‘§Ìmb¶ Ûmam gZ² 2018 ‘| ‘m°areg ‘| g§nÝZ {dœ {hÝXr gå‘obZ ‘| AmnHo$ Ûmam g§J«{hV 25 Xoem| H$s 115 dfm] H$s {hÝXr n{ÌH$mAm| H$s àXe©Zr Am¶mo{OV H$s JB©. AmnHo$ gh-boIZ ‘| àH$m{eV hþB© nwñVH$-AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr¶ ~¢qH$J: {gÕm§V Ed§ ì¶dhma? H$mo ^maV gaH$ma Ho$ Cƒ {ejm {d^mJ Zo nwañH¥$V ^r {H$¶m h¡. AmnZo Xoe H$s H$B© à{V{ð>V nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| ‘| bJmVma boIZ H$m¶© H$aVo hþE {d{dY àH$meZm| Ho$ g§nmXZ H$m Xm{¶Ëd ^r g’$bVmnyd©H$ {Zdm©h {H$¶m h¡. amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z Ed§ OZgånH©$ Ho$ joÌ ‘| H$B© A{^Zd H$m¶© H$aZo dmbo S>m°. Odmha H$Zm©dQ> go ~mV H$s H|$Ðr¶ H$m¶m©b¶ ‘| nXñW h‘mao g§dmXXmVm lr gmdZ gm¡a^ Zo:-àý.: ~¢qH$J ‘| {hÝXr Ho$ joÌ ‘| AmnZo ‘hmà~§YH$ VH$ H$m AmohXm àmá {H$¶m

h¡. Amn AnZo Ama§{^H$ {ejm Ed§ {hÝXr Ho$ à{V AmnHo$ PwH$md Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~VmE§.

‘oao {nVm ñdV§ÌVm goZmZr aho {OgHo$ H$maU n[adma ‘| amï> {º$ H$m ^md gX¡d ahm. gmVdt-AmR>dt H$jm go hr ‘¢Zo {hÝXr ‘| {bIZm ewê$ H$a {X¶m Wm. Cg O‘mZo ‘| Vmo gmB§g, H$m°‘g© ¶m AmQ²g© g§H$m¶ Ho$ {dH$ën H$s hr gw{dYm Wr. Aën gmYZm| ‘| N>mÌd¥{Îm ~S>m ghmam Wr. AV: {hÝXr ‘mܶ‘ go hr ~r.H$m°‘ Am¡a E‘.H$m°‘ {H$¶m. Ka H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ H$maU ~rH$m°‘ Ho$ g‘¶ go hr Zm¡H$ar H$aZm ewê$ H$a {X¶m. boIZ H$s ewéAmV B§Xm¡a go àH$m{eV à{V{ð>V g‘mMma-nÌ ZB© Xþ{Z¶m go hþB©. Bg àH$ma {hÝXr Ho$ à{V PwH$md bJmVma ~‹T>Vm J¶m.

àý.: {nVm ñdV§ÌVm goZmZr Wo Vmo Ka Ho$ hmbmV H¡$go aho? nad[ae H¡$go hþB© ~Vm¡a ñdV§ÌVm goZmZr {nVm H$mo ‘mÌ 70 H$s n|eZ àmá hmoVr Wr Am¡a

Ka ‘| h‘ gmV gXñ¶ Wo. Xmo H$‘am| Ho$ {Zdmg Ho$ ~rM ‘| EH$ bmBQ> ~ë~ bJm ahVm Wm. g’$a ~hþV MwZm¡VrnyU© ahm. na§Vw ‘oam ¶h ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ Omo Wno‹S>o ImH$a AmJo ~‹T>Vo h¢, CZH$s Ztd ‘O~yV hmoVr h¡. {nVmOr H$mo ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmobZ ‘| CZHo$ ¶moJXmZ hoVw àYmZ‘§ÌrOr Ûmam 1972 ‘| gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m Wm. g§Kf© H$aZo H$m OwZyZ Am¡a OÁ~m h‘| CZgo àmá hþAm.

àý.: BVZo g§Kf© Ho$ ~rM {bIZm {H$g àH$ma Omar ahm?

{bIZo Ho$ à{V éPmZ ì¶dñWmAm| H$s {dg§J{V¶m| go Am¶m. Cg g‘¶ ^r h‘ bmoJm| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| {bIm H$aVo Wo. h‘mam PwH$md gm{hp˶H$ ^mfm Ho$ à{V Wm, gm{h˶ Ho$ à{V Zht. AnZr ^mfm H$mo ñWm{nV H$aZo Ho$ g§X © ‘| hr {hÝXr {bIZo Ho$ à{V h‘mam éPmZ ~‹T>m.

àý.: {hÝXr ‘| Am¡a ^mfmAm| Ho$ Omo eãX AmE h¢ ¶m Am aho h¢ Bg ~mao ‘| AmnHo$ Š¶m {dMma h¢? Š¶m ¶o eãX {hÝXr H$mo H$‘Omoa ¶m g‘¥Õ ~Zm ahr h¢?

H$B© CXmhaU h‘mao gm‘Zo h¢. O¡go h‘Zo "nmdVr' O¡go eãX H$mo bo {b¶m h¡ O~{H$ nmdVr eãX JwOamVr d ‘amR>r ‘| à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡. CXmhaU ñdén ‘| EH$ KQ>Zm H$m {OH«$ H$ê$§Jm O~ ‘¢ JwOamV ‘| Wm Vmo dhm§ na EH$ eãX H$m à¶moJ hmoVm Wm g§Mma-~§Xr, Omo H$â¶y© eãX Ho$ {bE à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡. na§Vw ‘¢Zo Zht XoIm {H$ H$â¶y© Ho$ {bE {H$gr {hÝXr eãX H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a ‘wPo bJVm h¡ {H$ Eogo eãXm| H$mo {hÝXr ‘| bo {b¶m OmZm Mm{hE. ‘¢ Vmo ¶h ¶h ‘mZVm hÿ§ {H$ ^mfm H$mo g‘¥Õ H$aZo Ho$ {bE Bg àH$ma Aݶ ^mfmAm| Ho$ eãXm| H$mo bmZm Mm{hE Omo Bgo Am¡a ì¶mnH$ ~ZmVo h¢ Am¡a gQ>rH$ AW© àXmZ H$aVo h¢.

àý.: {hÝXr ‘| gyMZm àm¡Úmo{JH$s H$m à¶moJ Bgo g‘¥Õ Am¡a bmoH${ච~ZmZo Ho$ {bE {H$VZm ghm¶H$ h¡?

gyMZm àm¡Úmo{JH$s H$s y{‘H$m {hÝXr H$mo bmoH${චd g‘¥Õ ~ZmZo ‘| A˶§V ‘hËdnyU© h¡. ‘oam ¶h ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ gyMZm àm¡Úmo{JH$s Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go A§J«oOr ^mfm ‘| {OVZr gw{dYmE§ àmá hmoVr h¡ CVZr hr gw{dYmE§ {hÝXr ‘| ^r hmoZr Mm{hE. gyMZm àm¡Úmo{JH$s Ho$ {~Zm h‘ AnZr ^mfm H$mo Xm¡‹S> ‘| AmJo aIo Zht nmE§Jo. Eogm Zm hmoZo na bmoJm| Ho$ nmg ~hmZm hmoJm {H$ AmnH$s ^mfm ‘| Vmo Bg Vah H$m¶© hmoVm hr Zht h¡, Vmo h‘ BgH$m à¶moJ Š¶m| H$a|? Bggo g§~§{YV {dÎm ‘§Ìmb¶ H$s EH$ g{‘{V ~Zr Wr {OgH$m ‘¢ ^r gXñ¶ Wm, {Og‘| MMm© H$m {df¶ Wm {H$ dmñV{dH$ ê$n ‘| h‘ AnZo J«mhH$ H$mo CgH$s g‘P H$s ^mfm ‘| OmZH$mar Zht nhþ§Mm nm aho h¢. h‘mao Omo J«mhH$ h¢ CZH$mo gyMZm àm¡Úmo{JH$s Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go {Og ^mfm ‘| dh ghO h¡ Am¡a Omo CZHo$ {bE gab ^mfm h¡, Cgr ‘| CZH$mo OmZH$m[a¶m§ / gyMZmE§ àXmZ H$admB© OmE. qH$Vw A^r VH$ h‘ Bg‘| g’$b Zht hmo nmE h¢.

àý.: h‘| ñdV§Ì hþE 73 gmb hmo MwHo$ h¢. bo{H$Z {Og J{V go {hÝXr H$mo AmJo ~‹T>Zm Mm{hE Wm, Zht hmo nm¶m. BgHo$ nrN>o Š¶m H$maU hmo gH$Vo h¡?

Bg gdmb H$m Odm~ ‘¢ EH$ CXmhaU Ho$ gmW XoZm MmhVm hÿ§. h‘ no‹S> H$s O‹S>m| ‘| nmZr XoVo h¡ V~ EH$ no‹S> ~‹S>m hmoVm h¡. bo{H$Z h‘ amO^mfm {hÝXr ‘| no‹S> Ho$ nÎmm| H$mo nmZr Xo aho h¢, Z {H$ CgH$s O‹S>m| H$mo. H$moB© ^r ^mfm {ejm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡ Am¡a {ejm Am¡a amoOJma Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ ‘| O~ VH$ h‘ AnZr ^mfm H$mo Zht bmE§Jo, V~ VH$ dh AmJo Zht ~‹T> gHo$Jr.

àý.: {hÝXr H$mo ì¶mnH$Vm àXmZ H$aZo Am¡a bmoJm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$Vm ~XbZo Ho$ {bE Š¶m {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE?

bmoJm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$Vm ~XbZo Ho$ {bE gm‘y{hH$ à¶mg {H$E OmZo Mm{hE, {Og‘| {ejm Zr{V, qàQ> ‘r{S>¶m Am{X H$m Cn¶moJ em{‘b h¡. h‘mao

16 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

{deof gmjmËH$ma

""gyMZm àm¡Úmo{JH$s go A§J«oOr{OVZr gw{dYmE§ {hÝXr ‘|...''

Xoe-{dXoe ‘| g{H«$¶ Ed§ amï>r¶ d A§Vam©ï>r¶ ‘§Mm| na amO^mfm Ed§ nÌH$m[aVm go g§~§{YV àñVw{V, g§¶moOZ Ed§ g§MmbZ go AnZr {d{eï> nhMmZ ~ZmB© h¡ S>m°. Odmha H$Zm©dQ> Zo. ~¢qH$J Ho$ joÌ ‘| amO^mfm ‘| ‘hmà~§YH$ VH$

िवशष सा�ा�ार

S>m°.Odmha H$Um©dQ>

17A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

~hþ m{fH$ Xoe ‘| ^maVr¶ ^mfmAm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go {ejm Am¡a amoOJma H$s Jma§Q>r hmoZo na hr dmñVd ‘| BgH$m g‘mYmZ hmo gHo$Jm. ‘oam ¶h ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ O~ VH$ h‘mao ¶hm§ ^mfm H$mo boH$a g»Vr Zht H$s OmEJr, V~ VH$ ¶h g§ d hmoZm ‘wpíH$b h¡. ZB© {ejm Zr{V go Amem H$s {H$aU {XImB© Xo ahr h¡. Aݶ Xoem| ‘| {Og àH$ma CZH$s ñd¶§ H$s ^mfm H$mo à¶moJ ‘| bmZo Ho$ {bE H$mZyZ ~Zo hþE h¢, h‘mao ¶hm§ Eogm H$moB© H$mZyZ Zht h¡. h‘mar amOZr{VH$ BÀN>me{º$ Bg‘| ~hþV hr ‘hËdnyU© y{‘H$m AXm H$a gH$Vr h¡.

àý.: "{hÝXr gm{h˶ go {hÝXr AmOr{dH$m Ho$ gmYZ VH$'; AmOr{dH$m Ho$ joÌ ‘| {hÝXr {H$VZr ghm¶H$ hmoJr?

h‘mao ¶hm§ ~‹S>r {X¸$V ¶h h¡ {H$ {Og joÌ H$m amoOJma h¡, dhm§ CgHo$ Cn¶w©º$ ì¶{º$ Zht {‘bVo. {hÝXr Ho$ joÌ ‘| Vmo AmO amoOJma Ho$ H$B© {dH$ën CnbãY h¡. {ejU-à{ejU Ho$ joÌ ‘| {hÝXr Ho$ {bE amoOJma CnbãY h¡. ~m°brdwS> - hm°brdwS> ‘| pñH«$ßQ> amBqQ>J, H$m°nr amBqQ>J ^r {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡. Bg‘| EH$ g~go ‘hËdnyU© nj h¡ AZwdmX. AmO ^r AZwdmX Ho$ joÌ ‘| AÀN>o AZwdmXH$ Zht {‘bVo. O¡gm {H$ Amn OmZVo h¢ {H$ ¶{X ‘yb ^mfm Am¡a bú¶ ^mfm XmoZm| na Amn H$s nH$‹S> Zht hmoJr Vmo ¶h H$m¶© H${R>Z hmo OmVm h¡. Xÿgao Xoem| ‘| AJa H$moB© Z¶m kmZ ¶m Am{dîH$ma hmoVm h¡ Vmo Vwa§V CgH$m CZH$s AnZr mfm ‘| AZwdmX H$a {X¶m OmVm h¡, {Oggo bmoJ Cgo ~ohVa VarHo$ go g‘P gHo$. Eogo Xoem| ‘| AZwdmX H$aZo H$s emgH$s¶ ì¶dñWm h¡. h‘mao ¶hm§ Bg àH$ma H$s H$moB© ì¶dñWm Zht h¡ Am¡a Bg H$m¶© H$mo H$aZo dmbo ì¶{º$¶m| H$s ^r H$‘r h¡.

àý.: JyJb AZwdmX Ho$ ~mao ‘| Amn Š¶m H$h|Jo? dmŠ¶m| H$m Vmo AZwdmX JyJb H$a XoVm h¡ na§Vw H$B© OJhm|

na dh eãXm| Ho$ g§X © AZwgma AZwdmX Zht H$aVm h¡. O¡go ‘¢Zo EH$ ~ma {bIm; "nmg~wH$ hoO ~rZ nmoñQ>oS>' Vmo JyJb Zo CgH$m AZwdmX H$a {X¶m {H$ nmg~wH$ S>mH$ ‘| oO Xr JB© h¡. O~{H$ nmoñQ>oS> go VmËn¶© à{d{ï> go Wm.

‘wPo bJVm h¡ {H$ JyJb Ho$ AZwdmX Ho$ joÌ ‘| A^r dh na’o$ŠeZ AmZm ~mH$s h¡, Š¶m|{H$ A§J«oOr Ho$ EH$ eãX H$m AW© ha OJh AbJ-AbJ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a eãXH$moe, AWm] H$mo dmŠ¶m| ‘| J«hU Zht H$aVm h¡. O¡go A§J«oOr H$m eãX 'Issue' H$mo b|. ¶h Ho$db EH$ eãX h¡ na§Vw dmŠ¶ Ho$ AZwê$n CgHo$ AW© ~Xb OmVo h¢. ghr AW© Z {bI nmZo go AW© H$m AZW© hmoVm h¡.

àý.: {dXoem| ‘| AmnZo {hÝXr Ho$ àMma-àgma Ho$ {bE ~hþV H$m‘ {H$¶m h¡ Am¡a A~ ^r H$a aho h¢. BgHo$ ~mao ‘| Hw$N> ~VmBE.

Xÿgao Xoe H$s ^mfm Ho$ gmW AnZr ^mfm H$s VwbZm H$aZm H$ht ^r C{MV Zht h¡. na§Vw ¶h ~mV ^r CVZr hr ghr h¡ {H$ {dXoem| ‘| h‘mar ^mfm H$m ’¡$bmd ~hþV Á¶mXm hþAm h¡. {dœ ‘| {hÝXr H$m àMma-àgma hmo Am¡a AJa ^maV ‘| BgH$m ’¡$bmd Zm hmo Vmo BgH$m EH$ {dnarV à^md n‹S>Vm h¡. ‘¢Zo AZoH$ A§Vam©ï>r¶ gå‘obZm| ‘| mJrXmar H$s h¡ Am¡a 20 go A{YH$ Xoem| H$s e¡j{UH$ ¶mÌmE± ^r H$s h¡. {dXoem| ‘| 150 go A{YH$ {dœ{dÚmb¶m| Am¡a ‘hm{dÚmb¶m| ‘| àmW{‘H$ {ejm go boH$a Cƒ {ejm VH$ {hÝXr n‹T>mB© OmVr h¡. Aݶ Xoem| O¡go {’$Or, ‘m°areg, {Ì{ZXmX, ¶yEB©, qgJmnwa, {~«Q>oZ, A‘o[aH$m Am{X Xoem| ‘| ^r {hÝXr AmO bJmVma ~‹T> ahr h¡. {dXoer bmoJ AnZo gmW am‘m¶U, ‘hm^maV ¶m Xÿgao J«ÝW bo JE Wo Am¡a CZHo$ ‘mܶ‘ go dhm§ {hÝXr H$m àMma-àgma hþAm. BgHo$ Abmdm ~hþV go {dXo{e¶m| Zo ^r ^maVr¶ ^mfmAmo± ‘| AnZm ¶moJXmZ {X¶m h¡. Amn àdmgr boIZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dXoem| ‘| {bIZo dmbo boIH$m| Ed§ H${d¶m| Am¡a gm{h˶H$mam| go

n[a{MV hm|Jo. CZH$s g§»¶m ~‹S>r h¡ Am¡a {hÝXr H$s g§ñWmE§ r dhm§ AÀN>m H$m¶© H$a ahr h¡. {g’©$ am‘m¶U Ed§ ‘hm^maV J«§Wm| H$m Aݶ ^mfmAm| ‘| AZwdmX hr Zht hþAm h¡ A{nVw {hÝXr Ho$ Aݶ gm{h˶H$mam| H$s aMZmE§ ^r Aݶ ^mfmAm| ‘| AZw{XV hþB© h¢.

àý.: h‘mar ZB© nm¡Y, ZB© nr‹T>r H$mo {hÝXr Ho$ à{V Š¶m g§Xoe XoZm Mmh|Jo? ZB© nr‹T>r VWm amO^mfm Ho$ joÌ ‘| H$m¶©aV h‘mao g^r amO^mfm A{YH$m[a¶m|

H$mo ‘¢ ¶h H$hZm Mmhÿ±Jm {H$ Amn ~¢H$ ‘| ~Vm¡a amO^mfm A{YH$mar ~ZH$a Vmo Am JE, na§Vw amO^mfm A{YH$mar H$m H$m¶© Ho$db Zm¡H$ar g‘PH$a Zht hmo gH$Vm. AJa AmnH$mo ~¢qH$J ‘| amO^mfm H$m H$m¶© H$aZm h¡ Vmo dhm§ na {‘eZ Am¡a g‘n©U g~go Á¶mXm Oê$ar h¡. EH$ amO^mfm A{YH$mar ‘| AmË‘ ~b Am¡a AmË‘{dœmg ~hþV Á¶mXm hmoZm Mm{hE Š¶m|{H$ amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z H$m H$m¶© Ymam Ho$ {dnarV MbZm h¡. AmnH$mo bmoJm| H$mo EH$ AbJ Ymam ‘| boH$a MbZm h¡, Omo ~hþV hr ‘wpíH$b H$m¶© h¡. Bgo ‘mÌ Zm¡H$ar H$s Vah boH$a MbZo go ¶h g§ d Zhr hmo nmEJm. kmZ hr BgH$s EH$ ‘mÌ e{º$ h¡. Amn ~¢H$ ‘| h¡ Vmo AnZo kmZ H$mo {OVZm hmo gHo$ ~‹T>mBE. Amn ~¢H$ ‘| h¡ Vmo ~¢qH$J ^r grpIE Am¡a ^mfm na ^r AmnH$m A{YH$ma hmo, ¶h g~go Á¶mXm Amdí¶H$ h¡. AmË‘{dœmg, AmË‘~b, {‘eZ H$s ^mdZm Am¡a gmW hr ñd¶§ H$mo Á¶mXm go Á¶mXm AÚVZ aIZm, O¡gr VmH$V AmnHo$ nmg h¡ Vmo Amn ^r AmJo ~‹T> gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a g’$bVm àmá H$a gH$Vo h¢.

àý.: Amn godm{Zd¥V hmo MwHo$ h¢ {’$a ^r "[aQ>m¶S>© ~Q> Zm°Q> Q>m¶S>©' O¡go {hÝXr Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^Þ nhbwAm| na H$m¶© H$a aho h¢, AmJo AmnH$s Š¶m ¶moOZmE± h¢? XopIE, {nN>bo 17-18 gmbm| go ‘oam EH$ ~hþV ‘hËdnyU© emoY H$m¶© Mb ahm h¡ - ^maV Ho$ ~mha H$s {hÝXr nÌH$m[aVm. Bg‘| 30 Xoem| H$s 117 gmbm| H$s Omo {hÝXr nÌH$m[aVm h¡, Cgo g‘oQ>Zo H$m H$m¶© H$a ahm hÿ§. ~¢H$ ‘| ahVo hþE em¶X CgHo$ {bE BVZm g‘¶ Zht {‘b nm¶m Vmo ‘¢ A^r Cgr H$m¶© ‘| bJm hþAm hÿ§, {Og‘| BZ Xoem| H$s {hÝXr nÌH$m[aVm H$m B{Vhmg Am¡a dV©‘mZ hmoJm. Bg {df¶ na H$B© OJh ‘oar àXe©{Z¶m§ ^r bJ MwH$s h¡. ‘m°areg ‘| {dœ {hÝXr gå‘obZ ‘| ^r àXe©Zr bJmZo Ho$ {bE {dXoe ‘§Ìmb¶ ‘wPo ñd¶§ bo J¶m Wm Am¡a {X„r Ho$ B§{Xam Jm§Yr g|Q>a Am°’$ AmQ>© E§S> H$ëMa Zo àXe©Zr Ho$ {bE ‘wPo Am‘§{ÌV ^r {H$¶m Wm. Xÿgam H$m¶© Vmo {hÝXr Ho$ àMma-àgma, bmoJm| H$s

‘mZ{gH$Vm ~XbZo H$m h¡. ‘¢ ‘ܶàXoe Ho$ {hÝXr ^dZ H$m {ZXoeH$ hÿ§, Omo {ejm Am¡a gm{h˶ Ho$ {bE H$m¶© H$a ahm h¡. ¶h H$m’$s nwamZr g§ñWm h¡, {Og‘| ‘¢ AnZr godmE§ Xo ahm hÿ§. BgHo$ Abmdm h‘mam "d¡{œH$ {hÝXr n[adma' h¡, {Og‘| Xoe {dXoe Ho$ H$m’$s bmoJ Ow‹S>o hþE h¢, Omo {hÝXr H$s J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m g§MmbZ H$aVo h¢. Vmo ‘oar ì¶ñVVm CVZr hr h¡, {OVZr ~¢H$ ‘| godmaV ahVo hþE Wr. h‘mam Omo H$m¶© h¡, Cg‘| h‘ IwX H$mo ^mfm Ho$ H$m¶©H$Vm© Ho$ ê$n ‘| hr ‘hgyg H$aVo h¢. ^mfm Ho$ H$maU hr h‘Zo ~hþV Hw$N> hm{gb {H$¶m h¡. ‘¢ ~¢H$ ‘| amO^mfm A{YH$mar Ho$ Vm¡a na godm ‘| Am¶m Am¡a ~¢H$ Zo ‘hmà~§YH$ ~ZZo H$m Adga {X¶m. ‘wPo Omo ^r g‘¥{Õ Am¡a CnbpãY àmá hþB© h¡ ¶m d¡{œH$ ñVa na H$m‘ H$aZo H$m h‘| Omo Adga {‘bm h¡, CgH$m lo¶ h‘mar mfm H$mo hr OmVm h¡. mfm Ho$ H$maU ¶{X h‘| BVZm Hw$N> àmá hþAm h¡, Vmo h‘mam ¶h Xm{¶Ëd ~ZVm h¡ {H$ h‘ AnZr ^mfm H$mo Hw$N> bm¡Q>mE§ Am¡a ‘¢ ~g Cgr Xm{¶Ëd H$mo B©‘mZXmar go {Z^mZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a ahm hÿ±.

17A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

िवशष सा�ा�ार

gmdZ gm¡a^Ho$.H$m., ‘w§~B©

Page 18: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

18 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

˶mohmam| H$m h‘mao OrdZ ‘| ~hþV hr Img ‘hËd hmoVm h¡. ¶o h‘mao OrdZ ‘| C‘§J Am¡a CËgmh H$m g§Mma H$aVo h¢ gmW hr h‘mao OrdZ ‘| àgÞVm Am¡a n[adV©Z H$m Adga ^r bmVo h¢. ‘hmamï´> H$mo AJa ˶mohmam| H$m àXoe H$hm OmE Vmo JbV Zht hmoJm. Š¶m|{H$, ^maV hr Zht A{nVw nyao {dœ Ho$ bJ^J g^r ˶mohma ¶hm± ‘Zm¶o OmVo h¢. ‘hmamï´> H$s amOYmZr ‘w§~B© Vmo AnZo Amn ‘| "{‘Zr B§{S>¶m' h¡ {OgH$s dmñV{dH$ PbH$ ˶mohmam| Ho$ ‘m¡H$m| na XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡.

‘hmamï´> EH$ {demb amÁ¶ h¡. ‘hmamï´> Ho$ Zm‘ H$m CØd amR>r eãX go hþAm h¡ {OgH$m empãXH$ AW© aW MmbH$ hmoVm h¡. Bg amÁ¶ Ho$ bmoJ {d{^Þ àH$ma H$s doe^yfmE§ YmaU H$aVo h¢. BbmHo$ H$s emar[aH$ {deofVmAm| Ho$ AZwgma ¶hm± Z¥Ë¶ Am¡a g§JrV Ho$ {d{^Þ ê$n àM{bV h¢. BZHo$ ˶mohma ‘ZmZo H$m A§XmO A˶§V {Zambm hmoVm h¡. BZ ˶mohmam| Ho$ Xm¡amZ ‘hmam{ï´>¶Z bmoJ nmodS>m, bmdUr, H$mobr O¡go g§JrV d YZJ[a, qXS>r, H$bm, V‘mem Am{X ‘ehÿa bmoH$ Z¥Ë¶m| Ho$ gmW ‘Zmoa§OZ H$aVo h¢. ¶ht g§JrV d Z¥Ë¶ Bg amÁ¶ Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo {Xb go Omo‹S>Vo h¢.

‘hmamï´> Ho$ ˶mohma

‘hmamï´> {dœ Ho$ g^r Y‘m] H$m Ka ^r h¡. Bg amÁ¶ ‘| Ord§V ñd^md Ho$ {d{^Þ g‘wXm¶m| Ho$ bmoJ AbJ-AbJ na§namAm| H$m nmbZ H$aVo hþE AnZo ˶mohma ‘ZmVo h¢. ‘hmamï´> n¶©Q>Z {dH$mg {ZJ‘ Ûmam Am¶mo{OV ˶mohmam| ‘| emór¶ g§JrV d Z¥Ë¶ go ^anya ~mUJ§Jm g‘mamoh, H$m{bXmg ‘hmoËgd, Ebmoam d E{b’|$Q>m ‘hmoËgd à‘wI h¢. BgHo$ A{V[aº$ Zddf©, ‘H$a g§H«$m§{V, H$~ra CËgd, ‘mK ny{U©‘m, {edmOr O¶§Vr, ‘hm{edam{Ì, hmobr, Jw‹S>r nm‹S>dm, hZw‘mZ O¶§Vr, dra gmdaH$a O¶§Vr, J§Jm Xeham, Jwé ny{U©‘m, ZmJ n§M‘r, ajm~§YZ, H¥$îU OÝ‘mï>‘r, nmagr Zddf©, JUoe MVwWu, AZ§V MVwX©er, Zdam{Ì, Am¶wY nyOm, Xeham, H$moOmJar bú‘r nyOm, H$adm Mm¡W, YZVoag, {Xdmbr, ^mB© XÿO, {H«$g‘g, ‘mJ©erf© ny{U©‘m Am¡a nmbIr ‘hmoËgd Am{X ‘hËdnyU© h¢. ¶o ~hþa§Jr ˶mohma ‘hmamï´> H$s g§ñH¥${V Am¡a na§nam Ho$ gƒo à{Vq~~ h¢. ‘hmam{ï´>¶Z H¡$b|S>a ˶mohmam| Ho$ EH$ b§~o Owbyg ‘| {namo¶m J¶m àVrV

hmoVm h¡. {edO¶§Vr Ho$ gmW JUoe MVwWu ¶hm± H$m g~go ‘hËdnyU© ˶mohma h¡.

JUoe MVwWu

JUoe MVwWu d¡go Vmo nyao Xoe ‘| ~‹S>o hr Yy‘Ym‘ go ‘ZmB© OmVr h¡, bo{H$Z ‘hmamï´> ‘| Bg ˶mohma H$m EH$ AbJ hr ‘hËd h¡. ^maV ‘| àmMrZ H$mb go ‘Zm¶m OmZo dmbm JUoe MVwWu {hÝXþAm| H$s AmñWm H$m EH$ Eogm AØþV à‘mU h¡ {Og‘| nmd©Vr Z§XZ, lr JUoe H$s à{V‘m H$mo Kam|, ‘pÝXam| Am¡a n§S>mbm| ‘| gmO-l¥§Jma Ho$ gmW ^mÐnX ewŠb MVwWu H$mo ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡. emóm| Ho$ AZwgma Bgr {XZ lr JUoe H$m AdVaU hþAm Wm. Bg Adga na JUoe Or Ho$ lr {g{Õ {dZm¶H$ ñdê$n H$s nyOm hmoVr h¡. AZÝV MVwX©er ¶m AZ§V Mm¡Xg VH$ MbZo dmbo JUoemoËgd Ho$ Xm¡amZ lÕm Ed§ {d{Y {dYmZ Ho$ gmW JUoe Or H$s nyOm AM©Zm H$s OmVr h¡.

^maVr¶ Y‘© J«ÝWm| ‘| lr JUoe H$mo gdm}n[a ñWmZ {X¶m J¶m h¡. CÝh| à˶oH$ ZE H$m¶©, à˶oH$ ~mYm ¶m {d¿Z Ho$ g‘¶ Bg {dœmg go ¶mX {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ do OrdZ Ho$ g^r Xþ…Im| d ‘wgr~Vm| go Nw>Q>H$mam {XbmE±Jo. JUoeOr H$mo ~w{Õ H$m XodVm ‘mZm OmVm h¡. BZH$m dmhZ Myhm

‘hmamï´> Ho$ ˶mohma- JUoemoËgd/{edO¶§Vr d Aݶ‘hmamï´> Ho$ ˶mohma-‘hmamï´> Ho$ ˶mohma-‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

18 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ 19A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

h¡. BZH$m gd©{චmoJ "‘moXH$' h¡. JUoemoËgd ‘| à{Vð>m go {dgO©Z VH$ {d{Y-{dYmZ go H$s OmZo dmbr nyOm EH$ {deof AZwð>mZ H$s Vah hmoVr h¡. ‘hmAmaVr Am¡a nwînm§O{b H$m ZOmam Vmo XoIZo ¶mo½¶ hmoVm h¡.

11 {XZm| VH$ MbZo dmbo Bg {demb ‘hmoËgd ‘| lrJUoe Ho$ Abmdm {ed, nmd©Vr, ZÝXr, H$m{V©Ho$¶ g{hV gånyU© {ed n[adma H$s nyOm fmo‹S>fmonMma {d{Y go H$s OmVr h¡. JUoe Or [a{Õ-{g{Õ Ho$ ñdm‘r h¢ AV… CZH$m nyOZ H$aZo go {d¿Z-~mYmAm| H$m Zme hmoVm h¡ d ~w{Õ VWm ~b H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡. JUoemoËgd Ho$ Xm¡amZ àmV…H$mb "‘‘ gd©H$‘©{gÕ¶o {g{Õ{dZm¶H$ nyOZ‘h§ H$[aî¶o' ‘§Ì go g§H$ën Ho$ gmW {‘Å>r AWdm Jm¶ Ho$ Jmo~a go à{V‘m ~ZmH$a Cg na qgXÿa bJm nyOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡. ewÕ AmgZ na ~¡R>H$a nyOZ gm‘J«r ¶Wm nwîn, Yyn, Xrn, H$nya, amobr, ‘m¡br, M§XZ, ‘moXH$ Am{X EH${ÌV H$a nyOm H$s OmVr h¡. lr JUoe H$mo Xÿdm© M‹T>mB© OmVr h¡.

10 {XZm| VH$ {Z˶ {d{Ynyd©H$ nyOZ Ho$ Cnam§V ½¶mahd| {XZ à{V‘m H$m Yy‘-Ym‘ go {dgO©Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡. Bg Xm¡amZ d¡{XH$ gZmVZ nyOm nÕ{V go AM©Zm Ho$ gmW-gmW AZoH$ bmoH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m¶©H«$‘ ¶Wm Z¥Ë¶ Zm{Q>H$m, a§Jmobr, {MÌH$bm, hëXr CËgd Am{X Am¶mo{OV {H$E OmVo h¢.

{ed O¶§Vr:

N>Ìn{V {edmOr H$s O¶§Vr H$mo {ed O¶§Vr Am¡a {edmOr O¶§Vr ^r H$hVo h¢. {edmOr ~hþ‘wIr à{V^m Ho$ YZr, ~hmXþa, ~w{Õ‘mZ, em¡¶©dra Am¡a X¶mbw emgH$ Wo. N>Ìn{V {edmOr H$m OÝ‘ 19 ’$adar, 1630 H$mo EH$ ‘amR>m n[adma ‘| {edZoar (‘hmamï´>) ‘| hþAm Wm. {edmOr Ho$ {nVm ehmOr Am¡a ‘mVm OrOm~mB© Wt. {edmOr H$s ‘m§ Zo Xodr {edmB© H$s nyOm H$s Am¡a CÝht Ho$ Zm‘ na {edmOr Zm‘ aIm J¶m. ‘mVm OrOm~mB© Ym{‘©H$ ñd^md dmbr hmoVo hþE ^r JwU-ñd^md Am¡a ì¶dhma ‘| dram§JZm Wt. Bgr H$maU CÝhm|Zo ~mbH$ {edm H$m nmbZ-nmofU am‘m¶U, ‘hm^maV VWm Aݶ ^maVr¶ dramË‘mAm| H$s dramo{MÎm H$hm{Z¶m§ gwZm H$a {H$¶m. XmXm H$mo§S>Xod Ho$ g§ajU ‘| CÝh| gm‘{¶H$ ¶wÕ {dYmAm|, Y‘©, g§ñH¥${V Am¡a amOZr{V H$s C{MV {ejm {XbdmB© J¶r. Cg ¶wJ ‘| na‘ VoOñdr g§V am‘Xmg Ho$ g§nH©$ ‘| AmZo Ho$ ~mX {edmOr nyU©V¶m amï´>ào‘r, H$V©ì¶ nam¶U Ed§ H$‘©R> ¶moÕm ~Z JE. ~MnZ ‘| {edmOr AnZr Am¶w dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$ BH$Æ>o H$a CZHo$ ZoVm ~Z ¶wÕ H$aZo Am¡a {H$bo OrVZo H$m Iob Iobm H$aVo Wo. ¶wdmdñWm ‘| AmVo AmVo CZH$m Iob CZH$m dmñV{dH$ H$‘© ~Z J¶m.

AnZr AZmoIr ¶wÕ e¡br H$s dOh go dra {edmOr Zo AZoH$m| ¶wÕm|

‘| g’$bVm àmá H$s. ^maVr¶ B{Vhmg Ho$ namH«$‘r ¶moÕm eyadra

N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s dra JmWmE§ AmO ^r ¶wdmAm| Ho$ {bE àoaUm ómoV h¢. {edmOr ha Y‘© Ho$ bmoJm| H$m gå‘mZ H$aVo Wo Am¡a CZH$m ‘w»¶ bú¶ ‘wJb goZm H$mo hamH$a ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ ñWm{nV H$aZm Wm. dra {edmOr H$s Vbdma ‘| {OVZr Yma Wr, CVZm hr à^mdr CZH$m M[aÌ ^r Wm. do ‘{hbmAm| H$m ~hþV gå‘mZ H$aVo Wo. CÝhm|Zo gX¡d ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ pIbm’$ hmoZo dmbr qhgm, emofU Am¡a An‘mZ H$m {damoY {H$¶m.

dra {edmOr amï´>r¶Vm Ho$ Ord§V àVrH$ Ed§ ~hmXþa emgH$ Wo. {edmOr H$m "N>Ìn{V' H$s Cnm{Y go gwemo{^V hmoZo H$s KQ>Zm H$m ^maV Ho$ B{Vhmg ‘| A^yVnyd© ñWmZ h¡. {edmOr ‘hmamO Ûmam ñdV§Ì amÁ¶ H$s ñWmnZm VWm g§à^w emgH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| CZHo$ amÁ¶m{^foH$ Zo ‘wJbm| VWm Aݶ ~~©a emgH$m| Ûmam eVmpãX¶m| go nr{‹S>V, emo{fV, An‘m{ZV qhXÿ H$m õX¶ Jd© go ^a {X¶m. dmñVd ‘| {edmOr H$m gmam g§Kf© Cg H$Å>aVm Am¡a CÔ§S>Vm Ho$ {déÕ Wm {Ogo Am¡a§JOo~ O¡go emgH$m| Zo AnZm aIm Wm.

N>Ìn{V {edmOr H$m 03 Aà¡b, 1680 B©. ‘| am¶J‹T> Ho$ {H$bo ‘| ñdJ©dmg hmo J¶m.

‘hmamï´> ‘| {edmOr O¶§Vr nma§n[aH$ VarHo$ go ‘ZmB© OmVr h¡. ‘hmamï´> ‘| Bg {XZ gmd©O{ZH$ AdH$me ahVm h¡. ^Jdo n[adoe ‘| nJ‹S>r ~m§YH$a ‘amR>m ¶wdH$ d ¶wd{V¶m± {d{^Þ ñWmZm| na emo^m¶mÌm {ZH$mbVo h¢. Bg Xm¡amZ b‹S>{H$¶m§ Vbdma Kw‘mH$a AnZo hþZa H$m àXe©Z H$aVr h¢. dht H$B© ¶wdm hmobH$a nJ‹S>r Ho$ gmW Kmo‹S>o na gdma hmo emo^m¶mÌm ‘| em{‘b hmoVo h¢. ‘amR>m g‘mO Ho$ CZ ¶wdmAm| d g§ñWmAm| H$m gå‘mZ ^r {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Omo Xoe d g‘mO{hV ‘| C„oIZr¶ H$m¶© H$a aho hmoVo h¢, Bg Adga na aº$XmZ {e{da, AZmWmb¶ d d¥Õml‘ ‘| AÞXmZ, ‘arOm| H$mo ’$b {dVaU Am{X AZoH$m| H$m¶©H«$‘ Am¶mo{OV {H$E OmVo h¢.

ZmJ n§M‘r: ZmJ XodVm Ho$ gå‘mZ ‘| ZmJ n§M‘r H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡. ¶h ‘hmamï´> ‘| g~go ‘hËdnyU© ˶mohmam| Ed§ AZwð>mZm| ‘| go EH$ h¡. Kam| ‘| {‘Å>r Ho$ gn© ~ZmH$a CgH$s àVrH$mË‘H$ nyOm H$s OmVr h¡. ‘hmamï´> H$m gm§Jbr {Obm gm±n nH$‹S>Zo dmbm| Ho$ {bE à{gÕ h¡.

Zmabr ny{U©‘m: qhXÿ H¡$b|S>a Ho$ AZwgma lmdU ‘mh H$s ny{U©‘m H$m {XZ Zmabr ny{U©‘m Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡. Bg {XZ bmoJ g‘wÐ H$mo Zm[a¶b M‹T>mVo h¢, AV… Bgo Zmabr ˶mohma Zm‘ {X¶m J¶m h¡. ¶h ˶mohma ‘N>br nH$‹S>Zo Ho$ ZE ‘m¡g‘ Ho$ AmJ‘Z Am¡a gmJa ^JdmZ Ho$ AmH$f©U H$m àVrH$ h¡. ‘Nw>Amao bmoJ AmO AnZr Z¶r d gw§Xa Zmdm| H$m ew^ma§^ ^r H$aVo h¢. ajm~§YZ H$m ˶mohma ^r Bgr

{XZ ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡.

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 19A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

Page 19: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

18 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

˶mohmam| H$m h‘mao OrdZ ‘| ~hþV hr Img ‘hËd hmoVm h¡. ¶o h‘mao OrdZ ‘| C‘§J Am¡a CËgmh H$m g§Mma H$aVo h¢ gmW hr h‘mao OrdZ ‘| àgÞVm Am¡a n[adV©Z H$m Adga ^r bmVo h¢. ‘hmamï´> H$mo AJa ˶mohmam| H$m àXoe H$hm OmE Vmo JbV Zht hmoJm. Š¶m|{H$, ^maV hr Zht A{nVw nyao {dœ Ho$ bJ^J g^r ˶mohma ¶hm± ‘Zm¶o OmVo h¢. ‘hmamï´> H$s amOYmZr ‘w§~B© Vmo AnZo Amn ‘| "{‘Zr B§{S>¶m' h¡ {OgH$s dmñV{dH$ PbH$ ˶mohmam| Ho$ ‘m¡H$m| na XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡.

‘hmamï´> EH$ {demb amÁ¶ h¡. ‘hmamï´> Ho$ Zm‘ H$m CØd amR>r eãX go hþAm h¡ {OgH$m empãXH$ AW© aW MmbH$ hmoVm h¡. Bg amÁ¶ Ho$ bmoJ {d{^Þ àH$ma H$s doe^yfmE§ YmaU H$aVo h¢. BbmHo$ H$s emar[aH$ {deofVmAm| Ho$ AZwgma ¶hm± Z¥Ë¶ Am¡a g§JrV Ho$ {d{^Þ ê$n àM{bV h¢. BZHo$ ˶mohma ‘ZmZo H$m A§XmO A˶§V {Zambm hmoVm h¡. BZ ˶mohmam| Ho$ Xm¡amZ ‘hmam{ï´>¶Z bmoJ nmodS>m, bmdUr, H$mobr O¡go g§JrV d YZJ[a, qXS>r, H$bm, V‘mem Am{X ‘ehÿa bmoH$ Z¥Ë¶m| Ho$ gmW ‘Zmoa§OZ H$aVo h¢. ¶ht g§JrV d Z¥Ë¶ Bg amÁ¶ Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo {Xb go Omo‹S>Vo h¢.

‘hmamï´> Ho$ ˶mohma

‘hmamï´> {dœ Ho$ g^r Y‘m] H$m Ka ^r h¡. Bg amÁ¶ ‘| Ord§V ñd^md Ho$ {d{^Þ g‘wXm¶m| Ho$ bmoJ AbJ-AbJ na§namAm| H$m nmbZ H$aVo hþE AnZo ˶mohma ‘ZmVo h¢. ‘hmamï´> n¶©Q>Z {dH$mg {ZJ‘ Ûmam Am¶mo{OV ˶mohmam| ‘| emór¶ g§JrV d Z¥Ë¶ go ^anya ~mUJ§Jm g‘mamoh, H$m{bXmg ‘hmoËgd, Ebmoam d E{b’|$Q>m ‘hmoËgd à‘wI h¢. BgHo$ A{V[aº$ Zddf©, ‘H$a g§H«$m§{V, H$~ra CËgd, ‘mK ny{U©‘m, {edmOr O¶§Vr, ‘hm{edam{Ì, hmobr, Jw‹S>r nm‹S>dm, hZw‘mZ O¶§Vr, dra gmdaH$a O¶§Vr, J§Jm Xeham, Jwé ny{U©‘m, ZmJ n§M‘r, ajm~§YZ, H¥$îU OÝ‘mï>‘r, nmagr Zddf©, JUoe MVwWu, AZ§V MVwX©er, Zdam{Ì, Am¶wY nyOm, Xeham, H$moOmJar bú‘r nyOm, H$adm Mm¡W, YZVoag, {Xdmbr, ^mB© XÿO, {H«$g‘g, ‘mJ©erf© ny{U©‘m Am¡a nmbIr ‘hmoËgd Am{X ‘hËdnyU© h¢. ¶o ~hþa§Jr ˶mohma ‘hmamï´> H$s g§ñH¥${V Am¡a na§nam Ho$ gƒo à{Vq~~ h¢. ‘hmam{ï´>¶Z H¡$b|S>a ˶mohmam| Ho$ EH$ b§~o Owbyg ‘| {namo¶m J¶m àVrV

hmoVm h¡. {edO¶§Vr Ho$ gmW JUoe MVwWu ¶hm± H$m g~go ‘hËdnyU© ˶mohma h¡.

JUoe MVwWu

JUoe MVwWu d¡go Vmo nyao Xoe ‘| ~‹S>o hr Yy‘Ym‘ go ‘ZmB© OmVr h¡, bo{H$Z ‘hmamï´> ‘| Bg ˶mohma H$m EH$ AbJ hr ‘hËd h¡. ^maV ‘| àmMrZ H$mb go ‘Zm¶m OmZo dmbm JUoe MVwWu {hÝXþAm| H$s AmñWm H$m EH$ Eogm AØþV à‘mU h¡ {Og‘| nmd©Vr Z§XZ, lr JUoe H$s à{V‘m H$mo Kam|, ‘pÝXam| Am¡a n§S>mbm| ‘| gmO-l¥§Jma Ho$ gmW ^mÐnX ewŠb MVwWu H$mo ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡. emóm| Ho$ AZwgma Bgr {XZ lr JUoe H$m AdVaU hþAm Wm. Bg Adga na JUoe Or Ho$ lr {g{Õ {dZm¶H$ ñdê$n H$s nyOm hmoVr h¡. AZÝV MVwX©er ¶m AZ§V Mm¡Xg VH$ MbZo dmbo JUoemoËgd Ho$ Xm¡amZ lÕm Ed§ {d{Y {dYmZ Ho$ gmW JUoe Or H$s nyOm AM©Zm H$s OmVr h¡.

^maVr¶ Y‘© J«ÝWm| ‘| lr JUoe H$mo gdm}n[a ñWmZ {X¶m J¶m h¡. CÝh| à˶oH$ ZE H$m¶©, à˶oH$ ~mYm ¶m {d¿Z Ho$ g‘¶ Bg {dœmg go ¶mX {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ do OrdZ Ho$ g^r Xþ…Im| d ‘wgr~Vm| go Nw>Q>H$mam {XbmE±Jo. JUoeOr H$mo ~w{Õ H$m XodVm ‘mZm OmVm h¡. BZH$m dmhZ Myhm

‘hmamï´> Ho$ ˶mohma- JUoemoËgd/{edO¶§Vr d Aݶ‘hmamï´> Ho$ ˶mohma-‘hmamï´> Ho$ ˶mohma-‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

18 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ 19A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

h¡. BZH$m gd©{චmoJ "‘moXH$' h¡. JUoemoËgd ‘| à{Vð>m go {dgO©Z VH$ {d{Y-{dYmZ go H$s OmZo dmbr nyOm EH$ {deof AZwð>mZ H$s Vah hmoVr h¡. ‘hmAmaVr Am¡a nwînm§O{b H$m ZOmam Vmo XoIZo ¶mo½¶ hmoVm h¡.

11 {XZm| VH$ MbZo dmbo Bg {demb ‘hmoËgd ‘| lrJUoe Ho$ Abmdm {ed, nmd©Vr, ZÝXr, H$m{V©Ho$¶ g{hV gånyU© {ed n[adma H$s nyOm fmo‹S>fmonMma {d{Y go H$s OmVr h¡. JUoe Or [a{Õ-{g{Õ Ho$ ñdm‘r h¢ AV… CZH$m nyOZ H$aZo go {d¿Z-~mYmAm| H$m Zme hmoVm h¡ d ~w{Õ VWm ~b H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡. JUoemoËgd Ho$ Xm¡amZ àmV…H$mb "‘‘ gd©H$‘©{gÕ¶o {g{Õ{dZm¶H$ nyOZ‘h§ H$[aî¶o' ‘§Ì go g§H$ën Ho$ gmW {‘Å>r AWdm Jm¶ Ho$ Jmo~a go à{V‘m ~ZmH$a Cg na qgXÿa bJm nyOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡. ewÕ AmgZ na ~¡R>H$a nyOZ gm‘J«r ¶Wm nwîn, Yyn, Xrn, H$nya, amobr, ‘m¡br, M§XZ, ‘moXH$ Am{X EH${ÌV H$a nyOm H$s OmVr h¡. lr JUoe H$mo Xÿdm© M‹T>mB© OmVr h¡.

10 {XZm| VH$ {Z˶ {d{Ynyd©H$ nyOZ Ho$ Cnam§V ½¶mahd| {XZ à{V‘m H$m Yy‘-Ym‘ go {dgO©Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡. Bg Xm¡amZ d¡{XH$ gZmVZ nyOm nÕ{V go AM©Zm Ho$ gmW-gmW AZoH$ bmoH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m¶©H«$‘ ¶Wm Z¥Ë¶ Zm{Q>H$m, a§Jmobr, {MÌH$bm, hëXr CËgd Am{X Am¶mo{OV {H$E OmVo h¢.

{ed O¶§Vr:

N>Ìn{V {edmOr H$s O¶§Vr H$mo {ed O¶§Vr Am¡a {edmOr O¶§Vr ^r H$hVo h¢. {edmOr ~hþ‘wIr à{V^m Ho$ YZr, ~hmXþa, ~w{Õ‘mZ, em¡¶©dra Am¡a X¶mbw emgH$ Wo. N>Ìn{V {edmOr H$m OÝ‘ 19 ’$adar, 1630 H$mo EH$ ‘amR>m n[adma ‘| {edZoar (‘hmamï´>) ‘| hþAm Wm. {edmOr Ho$ {nVm ehmOr Am¡a ‘mVm OrOm~mB© Wt. {edmOr H$s ‘m§ Zo Xodr {edmB© H$s nyOm H$s Am¡a CÝht Ho$ Zm‘ na {edmOr Zm‘ aIm J¶m. ‘mVm OrOm~mB© Ym{‘©H$ ñd^md dmbr hmoVo hþE ^r JwU-ñd^md Am¡a ì¶dhma ‘| dram§JZm Wt. Bgr H$maU CÝhm|Zo ~mbH$ {edm H$m nmbZ-nmofU am‘m¶U, ‘hm^maV VWm Aݶ ^maVr¶ dramË‘mAm| H$s dramo{MÎm H$hm{Z¶m§ gwZm H$a {H$¶m. XmXm H$mo§S>Xod Ho$ g§ajU ‘| CÝh| gm‘{¶H$ ¶wÕ {dYmAm|, Y‘©, g§ñH¥${V Am¡a amOZr{V H$s C{MV {ejm {XbdmB© J¶r. Cg ¶wJ ‘| na‘ VoOñdr g§V am‘Xmg Ho$ g§nH©$ ‘| AmZo Ho$ ~mX {edmOr nyU©V¶m amï´>ào‘r, H$V©ì¶ nam¶U Ed§ H$‘©R> ¶moÕm ~Z JE. ~MnZ ‘| {edmOr AnZr Am¶w dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$ BH$Æ>o H$a CZHo$ ZoVm ~Z ¶wÕ H$aZo Am¡a {H$bo OrVZo H$m Iob Iobm H$aVo Wo. ¶wdmdñWm ‘| AmVo AmVo CZH$m Iob CZH$m dmñV{dH$ H$‘© ~Z J¶m.

AnZr AZmoIr ¶wÕ e¡br H$s dOh go dra {edmOr Zo AZoH$m| ¶wÕm|

‘| g’$bVm àmá H$s. ^maVr¶ B{Vhmg Ho$ namH«$‘r ¶moÕm eyadra

N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s dra JmWmE§ AmO ^r ¶wdmAm| Ho$ {bE àoaUm ómoV h¢. {edmOr ha Y‘© Ho$ bmoJm| H$m gå‘mZ H$aVo Wo Am¡a CZH$m ‘w»¶ bú¶ ‘wJb goZm H$mo hamH$a ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ ñWm{nV H$aZm Wm. dra {edmOr H$s Vbdma ‘| {OVZr Yma Wr, CVZm hr à^mdr CZH$m M[aÌ ^r Wm. do ‘{hbmAm| H$m ~hþV gå‘mZ H$aVo Wo. CÝhm|Zo gX¡d ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ pIbm’$ hmoZo dmbr qhgm, emofU Am¡a An‘mZ H$m {damoY {H$¶m.

dra {edmOr amï´>r¶Vm Ho$ Ord§V àVrH$ Ed§ ~hmXþa emgH$ Wo. {edmOr H$m "N>Ìn{V' H$s Cnm{Y go gwemo{^V hmoZo H$s KQ>Zm H$m ^maV Ho$ B{Vhmg ‘| A^yVnyd© ñWmZ h¡. {edmOr ‘hmamO Ûmam ñdV§Ì amÁ¶ H$s ñWmnZm VWm g§à^w emgH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| CZHo$ amÁ¶m{^foH$ Zo ‘wJbm| VWm Aݶ ~~©a emgH$m| Ûmam eVmpãX¶m| go nr{‹S>V, emo{fV, An‘m{ZV qhXÿ H$m õX¶ Jd© go ^a {X¶m. dmñVd ‘| {edmOr H$m gmam g§Kf© Cg H$Å>aVm Am¡a CÔ§S>Vm Ho$ {déÕ Wm {Ogo Am¡a§JOo~ O¡go emgH$m| Zo AnZm aIm Wm.

N>Ìn{V {edmOr H$m 03 Aà¡b, 1680 B©. ‘| am¶J‹T> Ho$ {H$bo ‘| ñdJ©dmg hmo J¶m.

‘hmamï´> ‘| {edmOr O¶§Vr nma§n[aH$ VarHo$ go ‘ZmB© OmVr h¡. ‘hmamï´> ‘| Bg {XZ gmd©O{ZH$ AdH$me ahVm h¡. ^Jdo n[adoe ‘| nJ‹S>r ~m§YH$a ‘amR>m ¶wdH$ d ¶wd{V¶m± {d{^Þ ñWmZm| na emo^m¶mÌm {ZH$mbVo h¢. Bg Xm¡amZ b‹S>{H$¶m§ Vbdma Kw‘mH$a AnZo hþZa H$m àXe©Z H$aVr h¢. dht H$B© ¶wdm hmobH$a nJ‹S>r Ho$ gmW Kmo‹S>o na gdma hmo emo^m¶mÌm ‘| em{‘b hmoVo h¢. ‘amR>m g‘mO Ho$ CZ ¶wdmAm| d g§ñWmAm| H$m gå‘mZ ^r {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Omo Xoe d g‘mO{hV ‘| C„oIZr¶ H$m¶© H$a aho hmoVo h¢, Bg Adga na aº$XmZ {e{da, AZmWmb¶ d d¥Õml‘ ‘| AÞXmZ, ‘arOm| H$mo ’$b {dVaU Am{X AZoH$m| H$m¶©H«$‘ Am¶mo{OV {H$E OmVo h¢.

ZmJ n§M‘r: ZmJ XodVm Ho$ gå‘mZ ‘| ZmJ n§M‘r H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡. ¶h ‘hmamï´> ‘| g~go ‘hËdnyU© ˶mohmam| Ed§ AZwð>mZm| ‘| go EH$ h¡. Kam| ‘| {‘Å>r Ho$ gn© ~ZmH$a CgH$s àVrH$mË‘H$ nyOm H$s OmVr h¡. ‘hmamï´> H$m gm§Jbr {Obm gm±n nH$‹S>Zo dmbm| Ho$ {bE à{gÕ h¡.

Zmabr ny{U©‘m: qhXÿ H¡$b|S>a Ho$ AZwgma lmdU ‘mh H$s ny{U©‘m H$m {XZ Zmabr ny{U©‘m Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡. Bg {XZ bmoJ g‘wÐ H$mo Zm[a¶b M‹T>mVo h¢, AV… Bgo Zmabr ˶mohma Zm‘ {X¶m J¶m h¡. ¶h ˶mohma ‘N>br nH$‹S>Zo Ho$ ZE ‘m¡g‘ Ho$ AmJ‘Z Am¡a gmJa ^JdmZ Ho$ AmH$f©U H$m àVrH$ h¡. ‘Nw>Amao bmoJ AmO AnZr Z¶r d gw§Xa Zmdm| H$m ew^ma§^ ^r H$aVo h¢. ajm~§YZ H$m ˶mohma ^r Bgr

{XZ ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡.

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 19A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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JmoHw$b Aï>‘r: JmoHw$b Aï>‘r ‘hmamï´> ‘| ˶mohma H$s dmñV{dH$ KQ>Zm Xem©Vm h¡. JmoHw$b

Aï>‘r ^JdmZ H¥$îU Ho$ OÝ‘ H$m àVrH$ h¡. Bg {XZ EH$ ‘µOoXma AZwð>mZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡,

{Ogo "Xhr hm§S>r' Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡. Bg‘| Xhr, ’y$bm hþAm Mmdb Am¡a XÿY go ^ao

{‘Å>r Ho$ ~V©Z g‹S>H$m| na D$±Mo bQ>H$m {X¶o OmVo h¢. CËgmhr ¶wdm nwéfm| Am¡a ‘{hbmAm| H$m

g‘yh ‘mZd {nam{‘S> ~Zm BZ VH$ nhþ§MZo Am¡a hm§S>r H$mo Vmo‹S>Zo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢.

Jw‹S>r n‹mS>dm: ‘hmamï´> ‘| Am‘Vm¡a na ¶h ˶mohma qhXÿ Zddf© g‘mamoh Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘Zm¶m OmVm

h¡. qhXÿ na§namAm| Ho$ AZwgma ¶h df© Ho$ g~go ew^ {XZm| ‘| go EH$ hmoVm h¡.

nmobm ‘hmoËgd: nyao ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ ‘| Am¡a {deof ê$n go J«m‘rU joÌm| ‘| ‘Zm¶m OmZo dmbm

¶h ’$gb CËgd h¡. {H$gmZ bmoJ Bg‘| ~hþV CËgmh Am¡a C‘§J Ho$ gmW ^mJ boVo h¢. Bg

{deof {XZ H$mo H¥${f ì¶dgm¶ H$m A{^Þ A§J ‘mZo OmZo dmbo ~¡bm| H$s lÕm Am¡a g‘n©U

Ho$ gmW nyOm H$s OmVr h¡.

‘hmamï´> Ho$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ ˶mohma

E{b’|$Q>m ‘hmoËgd: ‘w§~B© Ho$ nmg Ebr’|$Q>m Zm‘H$ EH$ N>moQ>m gm Ûrn h¡. à{V df© ’$adar

‘| CËgmh Am¡a C‘§J Ho$ gmW ‘Zm¶m OmZo dmbm Ebr’|$Q>m CËgd g¡bm{Z¶m| Ho$ {bE {deof

AmH$f©U H$m H|$Ð hmoVm h¡. ha gmb gwà{gÕ ZV©H$ Am¡a OmZo‘mZo g§JrVH$ma AnZo CËH¥$ï>

àXe©Zm| go Xe©H$m| H$mo bw^mVo h¢.

~mUJ§Jm ‘hmoËgd: ~mUJ§Jm ‘hmoËgd à^w lram‘ H$mo g§JrV‘¶ A{^dmXZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| Am¶mo{OV

{H$¶m OmVm h¡. Bg CËgd H$m CÔoí¶ ^maV H$s g‘¥Õ gm§ñH¥${VH$ {damgV H$s ajm H$aZm ^r

h¡. ¶h ˶mohma ha gmb OZdar Ho$ ‘hrZo ‘| Am¶mo{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡. Bg bmoH${ච˶mohma

‘| nyao Xoe Ho$ H$B© à{V^membr H$bmH$ma CËgmhr ^r‹S> Ho$ g‘j AnZr emZXma gm§ñH¥${VH$

àñVw{V XoVo h¢.

nwUo ‘hmoËgd: nwUo ‘hmoËgd H$s g§H$ënZm ‘yb ê$n go nwUo ‘| EH$ ñWmZr¶ gm§ñH¥${VH$

H$m¶©H«$‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$s JB© Wr na§Vw, g‘¶ Ho$ gmW ¶h Xoe H$s EH$ à‘wI Eo{Vhm{gH$

gm§ñH¥${VH$ KQ>Zm Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dH${gV hmo J¶m. ¶h ‘hmoËgd EH$ gámh VH$ MbVm h¡.

Ebmoam-AO§Vm ‘hmoËgd: Ebmoam-AO§Vm ‘hmoËgd ‘hmamï´> n¶©Q>Z {dH$mg {ZJ‘ (E‘Q>rS>rgr)

Ûmam à{V df© {Xg§~a ‘mh ‘| Am¶mo{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡. hOmam| df© nwamZr Jw’$mAm| go {Kao

CËH¥$ï> n¥ð>^y{‘ ‘| hOmam| Xe©H$m| Ho$ ‘ܶ g¡H$‹S>m| H$bmH$ma {Xì¶ H¥${V¶m| Am¡a XodËd H$mo àgÞ

H$aZo hoVw AnZr H$bm H$m àXe©Z H$aVo h¢.

H$m{bXmg g‘mamoh: à{gÕ g§ñH¥$V H${d Am¡a ZmQ>H$H$ma H$mbrXmg Ho$ gå‘mZ ‘| ZmJnwa Ho$

am‘Q>oH$ joÌ ‘| H$m{bXmg g‘mamoh à{Vdf© Zd§~a Ho$ ‘mh ‘| ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡. à{V^membr

{WEQ>a H$bmH$ma, ZV©H$ Am¡a g§JrVH$ma AnZr g‘¥Õ H$bm Am¡a {damgV H$mo ¶mX H$aVo hþE

AnZm gd©loð> àXe©Z àñVwV H$aVo h¢.

H¥$îU Hw$‘ma ¶mXdjo.‘.à.H$m., ~|Jbyé

20 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

20 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ 21A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

ApIboe Hw$‘ma qgh jo.‘.à.H$m., dmamUgr

{Og àH$ma go nwUo Ho$ {~Zm ‘hmamï> AYyam bJVm h¡ Cgr àH$ma ¶oad‹S>m Ho$ {~Zm nwUo! ‘hmamï> Ho$ amOZ¡{VH$ Ed§ Eo{Vhm{gH$ {damgVm| go ^ao hþE Bg eha H$mo ¶{X BgH$s gm§ñH¥${VH$ amOYmZr H$h| Vmo Bg‘| H$moB© A{Ve¶mo{º$ Zht hmoJr. Bg ZJa Ho$ H$moZo-H$moZo ‘| Eo{Vhm{gH$ Yamoha| A^r ^r h‘| noedm gm‘«mÁ¶ Ed§ Bggo Ow‹S>o B{Vhmg H$s CËH¥$ï>Vm H$m ~ImZ H$aVr ZOa AmVr h¢. Bg ZJa Ho$ ‘hËdnyU© BbmH$m| ‘| "¶oadm‹S>m', {Ogo Hw$N> bmoJ "¶oad‹S>m' ¶m "¶oadXm' ^r H$hVo h¢, EH$ h¡. Bg BbmHo$ ‘| Eo{Vhm{gH$ Ñ{ï>H$moU go H$B© Yamoha| AdpñWV h¢, {OZ‘| "¶oadm‹S>m g|Q>b Oob' Ed§ "AmJm Im± n¡bog' à‘wI h¢. AmJm Im± n¡bog ¶oadm‹S>m ‘| pñWV h¡ Ohm§ ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr ñdVÝÌVm g§J«m‘ Ho$ Xm¡amZ H$B© gmbm| VH$ A§J«oOm| Ûmam ZOa~§X aIo JE Wo. ¶h EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ n¡bog h¡ Ohm§ à{V{XZ g¡H$‹S>m| bmoJ AmVo h¢. Bg n¡bog ‘| ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr H$s Y‘©nËZr H$ñVya~m Jm§Yr Ed§ Jm§Yr Or Ho$ {ZH$Q> gh¶moJr ‘hmXod XogmB© Or H$m g‘m{Y ñWb h¡. ¶oadS>m, ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr Or Ho$ OrdZ ‘| EH$ ‘hËdnyU© ñWmZ aIVm h¡.

Bgr BbmHo$ ‘| ^maV gaH$ma Ho$ {dkmZ Ed§ àmoÚmo{JH$s ‘§Ìmb¶ Ho$ AYrZ "^maVr¶ gd}jU {d^mJ' H$m H¡$ång h¡, Ohm§ H$m¶© H$aVo hþE Bg ZJa ‘| ‘wPo AnZo OrdZ Ho$ ‘hËdnyU© 4 gmb {~VmZo H$m Adga àmá hþAm. Bgr {d^mJ Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ¶y{Z¶Z ~¢H$ Am°’$ B§{S>¶m go h‘mam àW‘ n[aM¶ hþAm, Š¶m|{H$ ^maV gaH$ma Ho$ {dkmZ Ed§ àmoÚmo{JH$s ‘§Ìmb¶ Ho$ gmW AnZo ~¢H$ H$m JR>Omo‹S> h¡ Ed§ Bg H$maU Bg {d^mJ Ho$ H${‘©¶m| H$mo AnZo ~¢H$ Ho$ ImVm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go hr doVZ àXmZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡. ¶h {d^mJ ^r AnZo Amn ‘| Eo{Vhm{gH$ h¡, Bg {d^mJ H$s ñWmnZm 1767 ‘| H$s JB© Wr Ed§ ¶h ^maV H$s àYmZ ‘¡qnJ EO|gr h¡. ga Om°O© EdaoñQ>, Bg {d^mJ Ho$ àW‘ à‘wI Wo {OZHo$ Zm‘ na {h‘mb¶ H$s g~go D$§Mr MmoQ>r H$m Zm‘H$aU {H$¶m J¶m h¡ Š¶m|{H$ BgH$s gQ>rH$ D$§MmB© BÝhmo§Zo hr ‘mnr Wr. Bg {d^mJ Ho$ H¡$ång go Eo{Vhm{gH$ "¶oadm‹S>m g|Q>b Oob' gQ>m hþAm h¡, Bg {d^mJ ‘| H$m¶© H$aVo hþE ‘¢ ‘w§~B© h‘bm| Ho$ Amamonr AO‘b H$gm~ H$mo ’$m§gr Ed§ {’$ë‘ A{^ZoVm g§O¶ XÎm H$m Bg Oob ‘| bm¶o OmZo Ho$ g‘¶ H$m gmjr ahm hÿ±.

1871 ‘| {Z{‘©V ¶h Oob ‘hmamï> H$m g~go ~‹S>m Ed§ X{jU E{e¶m Ho$ g~go ~‹S>o Oobm| ‘| go EH$ h¡, Omo {H$ 512 EH$‹S> ‘| ’¡$bm hþAm h¡. Bg

Oob H$s j‘Vm 2500 H¡${X¶m| H$s h¡ na§Vw dV©‘mZ ‘| Bg‘| 6000 H¡${X¶m| H$mo aIm J¶m h¡. Bg‘| EH$ "A§S>m gob' ^r h¡, A§S>o Ho$ AmH$ma H$m hmoZo Ho$ H$maU BgH$m Zm‘ A§S>m gob n‹S>m h¡, Bg‘| Cƒ gwajm dmbo H¡${X¶m| H$mo aIm OmVm h¡. A§J«oOm| Ho$ emgZ Ho$ Xm¡amZ Bg‘| H$B© ñdVÝÌVm goZm{Z¶m| H$mo ~§Xr ~ZmH$a aIm J¶m Wm {Og‘| ZoVmOr gw mf MÝÐ ~mog, ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr, Odmha bmb Zohê$, ~mb J§JmYa {VbH$, {dZm¶H$ Xm‘moXa gmdaH$a Am{X à‘wI h¢. 1932 go 1942 Ho$ ~rM "^maV N>mo‹S>mo Am§XmobZ' Ho$ g‘¶ Jm§Yr Or H$mo H$B© gmbm| VH$ Bg Oob ‘| aIm J¶m Wm. Bg Oob ‘| AmnmVH$mb Ho$ Xm¡amZ AQ>b {~hmar ~mOno¶r, AmaEgEg à‘wI ~mbmgmho~ Xodag Ed§ Aݶ {dnjr ZoVmAm| H$mo ~§X {H$¶m J¶m Wm.

1998 ‘| gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶©H$Vm© AÞm hµOmao H$mo ^r Bg Oob ‘| aIm J¶m Wm, Bg Oob Ho$ Aݶ ~§{X¶m| ‘| A{^ZoVm g§O¶ XV, A§S>adëS>© S>m°Z AéU Jdbr, 2611 AmV§H$dmXr h‘bo ‘| em{‘b AmV§H$dmXr AO‘b H$gm~ H$mo ^r ¶hm± ~§Xr ~Zm¶m J¶m Wm, {Ogo ¶hm± ’$m§gr ^r Xr JB© Wr Ed§ X’$Zm¶m ^r J¶m h¡.

2002 ‘| ¶hm± EH$ nmR>çH«$‘ ~Zm¶m J¶m {OgHo$ VhV H¡${X¶m| H$mo EH$ df© VH$ Jm§Yr Xe©Zemó n‹T>m¶m OmVm h¡. Oob ‘| H¡${X¶m| H$mo Eogo H$mog© H$am¶o OmVo h¢ {Oggo do Oob go Ny>Q>Zo Ho$ Cnam§V AmË‘{Z ©a ~Z gH|$. Oob ‘| H$B© àH$ma Ho$ CÚmoJ g§Mm{bV {H$E Om aho h¢, {OZHo$ CËnmXm| H$mo ‘hmamï> Oob CÚmoJ [aQ>ob XþH$mZm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ~oMm OmVm h¡. Bg Oob ‘| ~Zo CËnmXm| ‘| {~pñH$Q>, ’$ZuMa, H$mn}Q>, ~¡J, b¡ån, H$n‹S>o, OyVo Am{X à‘wI h¢. Oob ‘| ~Zo gmJm¡Z Ho$ ’$ZuMa, gyVr Q>m°db, H§$~b, qàQ>oS> ~oS>erQ>, a§JrZ Xar, gmo’$m goQ>, eQ>©, n¢Q>, hmW go ~Zo M‘‹S>o Ho$ OyVo, H$moëhmnwar Mßnb Am{X CËnmX H$m’$s à{gÕ h¢ Ed§ ~mOma ‘| BZH$s AÀN>r ‘m§J h¡. Oob Ho$ ~§{X¶m| Ûmam à{V{XZ bJ^J 5000 H$n‹S>o V¡¶ma {H$E OmVo h¢.

Oob ‘| H¡${X¶m| Ûmam g§Mm{bV ao{S>¶mo ñQ>oeZ ^r h¡ Omo {H$ g^r ~¡aH$m| ‘| Vma Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go Ow‹S>m hþAm h¡ Z {H$ {H$gr {’«$¹o$Ýgr Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go. g^r ~¡aH$ ‘| Q>rdr ^r CnbãY H$am¶m J¶m h¡. Bg Oob Ho$ ~mha ¶oadm‹S>m Iwbm Oob ^r AdpñWV h¡ {Og‘| AmOrdZ H$mamdmg Pob aho ~§{X¶m| H$mo aIm OmVm h¡. Bg Iwbo Oob Ho$ H¡$Xr O¡{dH$ IoVr H$aVo h¢ Ed§ H$B© àH$ma H$s gpãO¶m± CJmVo h¢.

Cº$ V϶m| go AmnH$mo ^r ¶h àVrV hmoJm {H$ ¶h EH$ Oob Z hmoH$a EH$ nwZdm©g H|$Ð h¡ Ohm§ gOm go Á¶mXm H¡${X¶m| Ho$ nwZdm©g na ܶmZ {X¶m OmVm h¡. ¶h EH$ 6000 H$s Am~mXr dmbm Jm±d h¡ Ohm§ Ho$ à˶oH$ ì¶{º$ H$mo EH$ {deof à{ejU {X¶m OmVm h¡ Ed§ g^r Bg Jm±d H$s H$m¶©àUmbr ‘| g{H«$¶Vm go ^mJ boVo h¢.

21A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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JmoHw$b Aï>‘r: JmoHw$b Aï>‘r ‘hmamï´> ‘| ˶mohma H$s dmñV{dH$ KQ>Zm Xem©Vm h¡. JmoHw$b

Aï>‘r ^JdmZ H¥$îU Ho$ OÝ‘ H$m àVrH$ h¡. Bg {XZ EH$ ‘µOoXma AZwð>mZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡,

{Ogo "Xhr hm§S>r' Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡. Bg‘| Xhr, ’y$bm hþAm Mmdb Am¡a XÿY go ^ao

{‘Å>r Ho$ ~V©Z g‹S>H$m| na D$±Mo bQ>H$m {X¶o OmVo h¢. CËgmhr ¶wdm nwéfm| Am¡a ‘{hbmAm| H$m

g‘yh ‘mZd {nam{‘S> ~Zm BZ VH$ nhþ§MZo Am¡a hm§S>r H$mo Vmo‹S>Zo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢.

Jw‹S>r n‹mS>dm: ‘hmamï´> ‘| Am‘Vm¡a na ¶h ˶mohma qhXÿ Zddf© g‘mamoh Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘Zm¶m OmVm

h¡. qhXÿ na§namAm| Ho$ AZwgma ¶h df© Ho$ g~go ew^ {XZm| ‘| go EH$ hmoVm h¡.

nmobm ‘hmoËgd: nyao ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ ‘| Am¡a {deof ê$n go J«m‘rU joÌm| ‘| ‘Zm¶m OmZo dmbm

¶h ’$gb CËgd h¡. {H$gmZ bmoJ Bg‘| ~hþV CËgmh Am¡a C‘§J Ho$ gmW ^mJ boVo h¢. Bg

{deof {XZ H$mo H¥${f ì¶dgm¶ H$m A{^Þ A§J ‘mZo OmZo dmbo ~¡bm| H$s lÕm Am¡a g‘n©U

Ho$ gmW nyOm H$s OmVr h¡.

‘hmamï´> Ho$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ ˶mohma

E{b’|$Q>m ‘hmoËgd: ‘w§~B© Ho$ nmg Ebr’|$Q>m Zm‘H$ EH$ N>moQ>m gm Ûrn h¡. à{V df© ’$adar

‘| CËgmh Am¡a C‘§J Ho$ gmW ‘Zm¶m OmZo dmbm Ebr’|$Q>m CËgd g¡bm{Z¶m| Ho$ {bE {deof

AmH$f©U H$m H|$Ð hmoVm h¡. ha gmb gwà{gÕ ZV©H$ Am¡a OmZo‘mZo g§JrVH$ma AnZo CËH¥$ï>

àXe©Zm| go Xe©H$m| H$mo bw^mVo h¢.

~mUJ§Jm ‘hmoËgd: ~mUJ§Jm ‘hmoËgd à^w lram‘ H$mo g§JrV‘¶ A{^dmXZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| Am¶mo{OV

{H$¶m OmVm h¡. Bg CËgd H$m CÔoí¶ ^maV H$s g‘¥Õ gm§ñH¥${VH$ {damgV H$s ajm H$aZm ^r

h¡. ¶h ˶mohma ha gmb OZdar Ho$ ‘hrZo ‘| Am¶mo{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡. Bg bmoH${ච˶mohma

‘| nyao Xoe Ho$ H$B© à{V^membr H$bmH$ma CËgmhr ^r‹S> Ho$ g‘j AnZr emZXma gm§ñH¥${VH$

àñVw{V XoVo h¢.

nwUo ‘hmoËgd: nwUo ‘hmoËgd H$s g§H$ënZm ‘yb ê$n go nwUo ‘| EH$ ñWmZr¶ gm§ñH¥${VH$

H$m¶©H«$‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$s JB© Wr na§Vw, g‘¶ Ho$ gmW ¶h Xoe H$s EH$ à‘wI Eo{Vhm{gH$

gm§ñH¥${VH$ KQ>Zm Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dH${gV hmo J¶m. ¶h ‘hmoËgd EH$ gámh VH$ MbVm h¡.

Ebmoam-AO§Vm ‘hmoËgd: Ebmoam-AO§Vm ‘hmoËgd ‘hmamï´> n¶©Q>Z {dH$mg {ZJ‘ (E‘Q>rS>rgr)

Ûmam à{V df© {Xg§~a ‘mh ‘| Am¶mo{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡. hOmam| df© nwamZr Jw’$mAm| go {Kao

CËH¥$ï> n¥ð>^y{‘ ‘| hOmam| Xe©H$m| Ho$ ‘ܶ g¡H$‹S>m| H$bmH$ma {Xì¶ H¥${V¶m| Am¡a XodËd H$mo àgÞ

H$aZo hoVw AnZr H$bm H$m àXe©Z H$aVo h¢.

H$m{bXmg g‘mamoh: à{gÕ g§ñH¥$V H${d Am¡a ZmQ>H$H$ma H$mbrXmg Ho$ gå‘mZ ‘| ZmJnwa Ho$

am‘Q>oH$ joÌ ‘| H$m{bXmg g‘mamoh à{Vdf© Zd§~a Ho$ ‘mh ‘| ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡. à{V^membr

{WEQ>a H$bmH$ma, ZV©H$ Am¡a g§JrVH$ma AnZr g‘¥Õ H$bm Am¡a {damgV H$mo ¶mX H$aVo hþE

AnZm gd©loð> àXe©Z àñVwV H$aVo h¢.

H¥$îU Hw$‘ma ¶mXdjo.‘.à.H$m., ~|Jbyé

20 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

20 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ 21A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

ApIboe Hw$‘ma qgh jo.‘.à.H$m., dmamUgr

{Og àH$ma go nwUo Ho$ {~Zm ‘hmamï> AYyam bJVm h¡ Cgr àH$ma ¶oad‹S>m Ho$ {~Zm nwUo! ‘hmamï> Ho$ amOZ¡{VH$ Ed§ Eo{Vhm{gH$ {damgVm| go ^ao hþE Bg eha H$mo ¶{X BgH$s gm§ñH¥${VH$ amOYmZr H$h| Vmo Bg‘| H$moB© A{Ve¶mo{º$ Zht hmoJr. Bg ZJa Ho$ H$moZo-H$moZo ‘| Eo{Vhm{gH$ Yamoha| A^r ^r h‘| noedm gm‘«mÁ¶ Ed§ Bggo Ow‹S>o B{Vhmg H$s CËH¥$ï>Vm H$m ~ImZ H$aVr ZOa AmVr h¢. Bg ZJa Ho$ ‘hËdnyU© BbmH$m| ‘| "¶oadm‹S>m', {Ogo Hw$N> bmoJ "¶oad‹S>m' ¶m "¶oadXm' ^r H$hVo h¢, EH$ h¡. Bg BbmHo$ ‘| Eo{Vhm{gH$ Ñ{ï>H$moU go H$B© Yamoha| AdpñWV h¢, {OZ‘| "¶oadm‹S>m g|Q>b Oob' Ed§ "AmJm Im± n¡bog' à‘wI h¢. AmJm Im± n¡bog ¶oadm‹S>m ‘| pñWV h¡ Ohm§ ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr ñdVÝÌVm g§J«m‘ Ho$ Xm¡amZ H$B© gmbm| VH$ A§J«oOm| Ûmam ZOa~§X aIo JE Wo. ¶h EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ n¡bog h¡ Ohm§ à{V{XZ g¡H$‹S>m| bmoJ AmVo h¢. Bg n¡bog ‘| ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr H$s Y‘©nËZr H$ñVya~m Jm§Yr Ed§ Jm§Yr Or Ho$ {ZH$Q> gh¶moJr ‘hmXod XogmB© Or H$m g‘m{Y ñWb h¡. ¶oadS>m, ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr Or Ho$ OrdZ ‘| EH$ ‘hËdnyU© ñWmZ aIVm h¡.

Bgr BbmHo$ ‘| ^maV gaH$ma Ho$ {dkmZ Ed§ àmoÚmo{JH$s ‘§Ìmb¶ Ho$ AYrZ "^maVr¶ gd}jU {d^mJ' H$m H¡$ång h¡, Ohm§ H$m¶© H$aVo hþE Bg ZJa ‘| ‘wPo AnZo OrdZ Ho$ ‘hËdnyU© 4 gmb {~VmZo H$m Adga àmá hþAm. Bgr {d^mJ Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ¶y{Z¶Z ~¢H$ Am°’$ B§{S>¶m go h‘mam àW‘ n[aM¶ hþAm, Š¶m|{H$ ^maV gaH$ma Ho$ {dkmZ Ed§ àmoÚmo{JH$s ‘§Ìmb¶ Ho$ gmW AnZo ~¢H$ H$m JR>Omo‹S> h¡ Ed§ Bg H$maU Bg {d^mJ Ho$ H${‘©¶m| H$mo AnZo ~¢H$ Ho$ ImVm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go hr doVZ àXmZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡. ¶h {d^mJ ^r AnZo Amn ‘| Eo{Vhm{gH$ h¡, Bg {d^mJ H$s ñWmnZm 1767 ‘| H$s JB© Wr Ed§ ¶h ^maV H$s àYmZ ‘¡qnJ EO|gr h¡. ga Om°O© EdaoñQ>, Bg {d^mJ Ho$ àW‘ à‘wI Wo {OZHo$ Zm‘ na {h‘mb¶ H$s g~go D$§Mr MmoQ>r H$m Zm‘H$aU {H$¶m J¶m h¡ Š¶m|{H$ BgH$s gQ>rH$ D$§MmB© BÝhmo§Zo hr ‘mnr Wr. Bg {d^mJ Ho$ H¡$ång go Eo{Vhm{gH$ "¶oadm‹S>m g|Q>b Oob' gQ>m hþAm h¡, Bg {d^mJ ‘| H$m¶© H$aVo hþE ‘¢ ‘w§~B© h‘bm| Ho$ Amamonr AO‘b H$gm~ H$mo ’$m§gr Ed§ {’$ë‘ A{^ZoVm g§O¶ XÎm H$m Bg Oob ‘| bm¶o OmZo Ho$ g‘¶ H$m gmjr ahm hÿ±.

1871 ‘| {Z{‘©V ¶h Oob ‘hmamï> H$m g~go ~‹S>m Ed§ X{jU E{e¶m Ho$ g~go ~‹S>o Oobm| ‘| go EH$ h¡, Omo {H$ 512 EH$‹S> ‘| ’¡$bm hþAm h¡. Bg

Oob H$s j‘Vm 2500 H¡${X¶m| H$s h¡ na§Vw dV©‘mZ ‘| Bg‘| 6000 H¡${X¶m| H$mo aIm J¶m h¡. Bg‘| EH$ "A§S>m gob' ^r h¡, A§S>o Ho$ AmH$ma H$m hmoZo Ho$ H$maU BgH$m Zm‘ A§S>m gob n‹S>m h¡, Bg‘| Cƒ gwajm dmbo H¡${X¶m| H$mo aIm OmVm h¡. A§J«oOm| Ho$ emgZ Ho$ Xm¡amZ Bg‘| H$B© ñdVÝÌVm goZm{Z¶m| H$mo ~§Xr ~ZmH$a aIm J¶m Wm {Og‘| ZoVmOr gw mf MÝÐ ~mog, ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr, Odmha bmb Zohê$, ~mb J§JmYa {VbH$, {dZm¶H$ Xm‘moXa gmdaH$a Am{X à‘wI h¢. 1932 go 1942 Ho$ ~rM "^maV N>mo‹S>mo Am§XmobZ' Ho$ g‘¶ Jm§Yr Or H$mo H$B© gmbm| VH$ Bg Oob ‘| aIm J¶m Wm. Bg Oob ‘| AmnmVH$mb Ho$ Xm¡amZ AQ>b {~hmar ~mOno¶r, AmaEgEg à‘wI ~mbmgmho~ Xodag Ed§ Aݶ {dnjr ZoVmAm| H$mo ~§X {H$¶m J¶m Wm.

1998 ‘| gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶©H$Vm© AÞm hµOmao H$mo ^r Bg Oob ‘| aIm J¶m Wm, Bg Oob Ho$ Aݶ ~§{X¶m| ‘| A{^ZoVm g§O¶ XV, A§S>adëS>© S>m°Z AéU Jdbr, 2611 AmV§H$dmXr h‘bo ‘| em{‘b AmV§H$dmXr AO‘b H$gm~ H$mo ^r ¶hm± ~§Xr ~Zm¶m J¶m Wm, {Ogo ¶hm± ’$m§gr ^r Xr JB© Wr Ed§ X’$Zm¶m ^r J¶m h¡.

2002 ‘| ¶hm± EH$ nmR>çH«$‘ ~Zm¶m J¶m {OgHo$ VhV H¡${X¶m| H$mo EH$ df© VH$ Jm§Yr Xe©Zemó n‹T>m¶m OmVm h¡. Oob ‘| H¡${X¶m| H$mo Eogo H$mog© H$am¶o OmVo h¢ {Oggo do Oob go Ny>Q>Zo Ho$ Cnam§V AmË‘{Z ©a ~Z gH|$. Oob ‘| H$B© àH$ma Ho$ CÚmoJ g§Mm{bV {H$E Om aho h¢, {OZHo$ CËnmXm| H$mo ‘hmamï> Oob CÚmoJ [aQ>ob XþH$mZm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ~oMm OmVm h¡. Bg Oob ‘| ~Zo CËnmXm| ‘| {~pñH$Q>, ’$ZuMa, H$mn}Q>, ~¡J, b¡ån, H$n‹S>o, OyVo Am{X à‘wI h¢. Oob ‘| ~Zo gmJm¡Z Ho$ ’$ZuMa, gyVr Q>m°db, H§$~b, qàQ>oS> ~oS>erQ>, a§JrZ Xar, gmo’$m goQ>, eQ>©, n¢Q>, hmW go ~Zo M‘‹S>o Ho$ OyVo, H$moëhmnwar Mßnb Am{X CËnmX H$m’$s à{gÕ h¢ Ed§ ~mOma ‘| BZH$s AÀN>r ‘m§J h¡. Oob Ho$ ~§{X¶m| Ûmam à{V{XZ bJ^J 5000 H$n‹S>o V¡¶ma {H$E OmVo h¢.

Oob ‘| H¡${X¶m| Ûmam g§Mm{bV ao{S>¶mo ñQ>oeZ ^r h¡ Omo {H$ g^r ~¡aH$m| ‘| Vma Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go Ow‹S>m hþAm h¡ Z {H$ {H$gr {’«$¹o$Ýgr Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go. g^r ~¡aH$ ‘| Q>rdr ^r CnbãY H$am¶m J¶m h¡. Bg Oob Ho$ ~mha ¶oadm‹S>m Iwbm Oob ^r AdpñWV h¡ {Og‘| AmOrdZ H$mamdmg Pob aho ~§{X¶m| H$mo aIm OmVm h¡. Bg Iwbo Oob Ho$ H¡$Xr O¡{dH$ IoVr H$aVo h¢ Ed§ H$B© àH$ma H$s gpãO¶m± CJmVo h¢.

Cº$ V϶m| go AmnH$mo ^r ¶h àVrV hmoJm {H$ ¶h EH$ Oob Z hmoH$a EH$ nwZdm©g H|$Ð h¡ Ohm§ gOm go Á¶mXm H¡${X¶m| Ho$ nwZdm©g na ܶmZ {X¶m OmVm h¡. ¶h EH$ 6000 H$s Am~mXr dmbm Jm±d h¡ Ohm§ Ho$ à˶oH$ ì¶{º$ H$mo EH$ {deof à{ejU {X¶m OmVm h¡ Ed§ g^r Bg Jm±d H$s H$m¶©àUmbr ‘| g{H«$¶Vm go ^mJ boVo h¢.

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ZmQ>H$ ¶m a§J‘§M ¶m{Z Hw$N> {XbMñn KQ>ZmAm| H$mo {namoH$a, {bIH$a CgH$m ‘§MZ H$aZm. Bg‘| boIZ A{^Z¶, a§J^yfm, dof^yfm, g§JrV Am{X AZoH$ nhby Ow‹S>o hmoVo h¢. nyao ^maV ‘| AZoH$ ê$nm| ‘| ZmQ>H$ Iobm OmVm h¡. {d{^Þ àXoem| ‘| BgH$m AbJ-AbJ ê$n hmoVm h¡. H$ht bmoH$ZmQ>ç Vmo H$hr ZmQ>H$ bo{H$Z ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$ gmW bmoJm| H$m C×moYZ H$aZo H$m ‘hËdnyU© H$m¶© ZmQ>H$ H$aVo h¢. ‘hmamï´> H$s ¶{X ~mV H$a| Vmo ‘hmamï´> H$m a§J‘§M Am¡a ZmQ>ç joÌ AnZr àmMrZ na§nam H$mo boH$a g‘¥Õ Am¡a gånÞ h¡.

‘amR>r a§J‘§M H$s Eo{Vhm{gH$ na§nam h¡. BgH$m àma§^ 1843 go hþAm. Ama§^ H$mb ‘| Eo{Vhm{gH$ {df¶m| VWm nwamUm| Ho$ AmYma na ZmQ>H$m| ‘| ñdXoe ào‘, ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ à{V AmñWm go g§~§{YV {df¶ aho. BZ ZmQ>H$m| na {VbH$, {MnbwUH$a O¡gr {d^y{V¶m| Ho$ {dMmam| H$m à^md Wm.

"g§JrV-ZmQ>H$' ‘amR>r a§J‘§M H$s {dœ a§J‘§M H$mo EH$ ‘hËdnyU© XoZ h¡. ZmQ>çmZ§X, H$mì¶mZ§X Am¡a ñdamZ§X H$m g§J‘ AWm©V² "ZmQ>çg§JrV'. g§JrV ZmQ>H$m| H$s na§nam Bg AmYw{ZH$Vm Am¡a n{ü‘rH$aU Ho$ ^§da ‘| ^r AnZm ñWmZ AjwÊU ~ZmE hþE h¡. g‘¶ Ho$ AZwgma "g§JrV-ZmQ>H$' ‘| Am{dîH$ma hmoVo JE Am¡a ZE-ZE à¶moJ {H$E JE.

B{Vhmg Ed§ CØd - 1880 ‘| AÊUmgmho~ {H$bm}ñH$a {bpIV "g§JrV emHw§$Vb' H$m àW‘ ‘§MZ hþAm. g§JrV ZmQ>H$, H$sV©Z, Am°noam, emór¶ g§JrV, ‘h{’$b, V‘mem, H$Zm©Q>H$ g§JrV go EH$X‘ AbJ ZmQ>çm{dîH$ma Wm. 1990 go ‘amR>r a§J‘§M Zo ñdU©H$mb XoIm, {Og‘| {H$bm}ñH$a Am¡a JmoqdX ~„mb Xodb Ho$ ~mX H¥$îUmOr à^mH$a Im{S>bH$a, am‘ JUoe JS>H$ar O¡go {gÕhñV boIH$m| Zo "‘mZmn‘mZ', "ñd¶§da', "EH$M ߶mbm' O¡go AZoH$ AOam‘a ZmQ>H$m| H$mo OÝ‘ {X¶m, {OZH$m ‘§MZ AmO ^r hmoVm ahVm h¡.

Cg µO‘mZo ‘| ‘{hbmAm| H$mo ZmQ>H$ ‘| H$m‘ H$aZm ‘Zm Wm, {OgHo$ H$maU {H$gr ‘mohH$ H$m{~b gwarbr AmdmO Ho$ AmX‘r H$mo hr ór H$s ^y{‘H$m {Z^mZr n‹S>Vr Wr. ór H$s ^y{‘H$m H$aZo dmbm| ‘| Am¡a CÝh| Áµ¶mXm A‘a ~ZmZo dmbm| ‘| à‘wI Zm‘ Zmam¶Uamd amOh§g H$m {b¶m OmVm h¡, Omo "~mbJ§Yd©' Ho$ Zm‘ go ໶mV h¢, {OÝhm|Zo AnZo Jm¶Z Am¡a ê$n go g~H$m ‘Z ‘moh {b¶m Wm. CZH$s g‘H$mbrZ ‘{hbmE§ Vmo CZHo$ Ûmam {H$¶o JE ’¡$eZ H$mo AnZmVr Wt. ‘mñQ>a XrZmZmW ‘§JoeH$a, ZmZmgmho~ ’$mQ>H$, ^mbM§Ð n|T>maH$a Zo Jm±dm| - Jm±dm| ‘| a§J‘§M na B{Vhmg aMm.

ewê$-ewê$ ‘| BZ ZmQ>H$m| H$s Ad{Y nm±M A§H$m| H$s ahVr Wr Omo amV ‘| 10 ~Oo ewê$ hmoH$a gw~h nm±M ~Oo VH$ MbVo Wo. ~XbVo g‘¶ Ho$ AZwgma Cgo H$‘ H$a {X¶m J¶m Am¡a Yrao-Yrao ZmQ>H$ 3 A§H$m| H$m ~Z J¶m. A~ Vmo 2 A§H$m| Ho$ ZmQ>H$ hmoZo bJo h¢, {OZH$s Ad{Y T>mB© ¶m VrZ K§Q>o hmoVr h¡.

‘amR>r Xe©H$m| Ho$ {Xb ‘| ZmQ>H$ H$m ~hþV ‘hËd h¡. ZmQ>H$m| Ho$ AZoH$ àH$mam| H$mo ‘amR>r a§J^y{‘ Zo AnZm¶m h¡ "’$mg©', {Og‘| ñda D$±Mm Am¡a A{^Z¶ MQ>H$sbm hmoVm h¡. "’$mg©' ZmQ>çH¥${V H$mo bmoH${ච~ZmZo ‘| ~~Z à^w Am¡a AmË‘mam‘ ^|S>o XmoZm| H$m ‘hËdnyU© ¶moJXmZ ahm h¡. "{XZyÀ¶m gmgy~mB© amYm~mB©', "Pmonr Jobobm OmJm Pmbm' ¶o ’$mg© Vmo ~hþV bmoH${චaho Am¡a AmO ^r bmoH${චh¢. ‘amR>r ‘| ‘{hbmAm| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| na AmYm[aV ZmQ>ç boIZ ^r hþAm {OgZo g‘mO Ho$ OmJaU ‘| ‘hËdnyU© ¶moJXmZ {X¶m. "g§JrV emaXm', "EH$M ߶mbm' O¡go ZmQ>H$ Vmo H$mbO¶r H¥${V¶m| Ho$ CXmhaU h¢. "Hw$bdYw', "‘hmZ§Xm', "MmaMm¡Kr', "AmB© [aQ>m¶a hmoVo¶' ór-OrdZ go g§~§{YV ZmQ>H$ Wo, {OÝhm|Zo {dMmam| H$mo ào[aV {H$¶m.

‘hmamï´> ‘| ~mba§J‘§M ^r H$m’$s {dH${gV h¡. gwYm H$a‘aH$a H$s "{bQ>b {WEQ>a' g§ñWm VWm "Hw$‘ma H$bm Ho$ÝÐ' Zo a§J‘§M H$mo AZoH$ ~mbH$bmH$ma {X¶o. AZoH$ ‘amR>r ZmQ>H$m| H$m {hÝXr, JwOamVr ‘| AZwdmX hþAm h¡. Bg a§J‘§M Ho$ H$B© H$bmH$mam| Zo {hÝXr, JwOamVr, A§J«oOr a§J‘§M VWm {gZo‘mOJV ‘| Zm‘ H$‘m¶m h¡. S>m°. ‘mohZ AmJmeo, a‘oe Xod, gr‘m, ZmZm nmQ>oH$a, S>m°. lram‘ bmJy, amo{hUr hÅ>§J‹S>r, ar‘m bmJy, gXm{ed A‘amnyaH$a, ‘mohZ Omoer O¡go H$B© {X½JOm| Ho$ Zm‘ Bg gyMr Ho$ M‘H$Vo {gVmao h¢.

~XbVo g‘¶ Ho$ gmW ‘amR>r ZmQ>H$ ^r VH$ZrH$s ê$n go ~XbVm Om ahm h¡. Bg‘| ZE-ZE à¶moJ {H$¶o Om aho h¢. ZE-ZE ñdê$n ‘| ZmQ>H$ H$s àñVw{V hmo ahr h¡. ‘amR>r ZmQ>H$m| H$m goQ> ^r Z¶m ‘mo‹S> boVm ZµOa Am ahm h¡. nhbo a§JrZ naXm| go goQ> ~ZmE OmVo Wo, {’$a Ky‘Vo a§J‘§M H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m, {Oggo goQ> ~XbZo H$s Ad{Y H$‘ hþB©. àH$me, Üd{Z Am{X ‘| ^r Z¶mnZ Am ahm h¡ Am¡a ZmQ>H$ ~XbVm Om ahm h¡. {gZo‘m H$bmH$mam| H$s VwbZm ‘| ZmQ>ç H$bmH$mam| H$s ‘ohZV A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, {H$ÝVw CÝh| ‘ohZVmZm H$‘ {‘bVm h¡, gmW hr, ‘Zmoa§OZ H$a Zo ZmQ>ç ì¶dgm¶ H$mo n§Jw ~Zm {X¶m h¡.

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‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

23A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘amR>r ‘| "Omñd§Xr', "XþJm© Pmbr Jm¡ar', "‘wbJr Pmbr hmo', "~¶m Xma CKS>', "g»Io eoOmar', "Zm§Xm gm¡»¶^ao' Am{X Eogo ZmQ>H$ h¢ Omo XrK© H$mb VH$ ‘§{MV hþE h¢ Am¡a AmO r hmo aho h¢. BZH$s g¡H$‹S>m| àñVw{V¶m± hþB© h¢. qhXr ‘| Eogo ZmQ>H$ Z Ho$ ~am~a h¢.

{ZX}{eH$m H$s h¡{g¶V go gwf‘m Xoenm§S>o Or Zo bmoH$a§J‘§M Ho$ VËdm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m h¡ Am¡a dh ¶mo½¶ Am¡a C{MV ahm h¡. BgHo$ A{V[aº$ Á¶mo{V åhmngoH$a H$r "‘wbJr Pmbr hmo' (~oQ>r AmB© h¡), Bg ‘wº$ ZmQ>ç H$m ^r CëboI H$aZm ¶w{º$g§JV hmoJm. Bg‘| ‘hmamï´> Ho$ nma§n[aH$ bmoH$JrVm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ór OÝ‘ na na§namJV g‘mO H$s AZmñWm na H$‹S>m 춧½¶ {H$¶m h¡. Bg ZmQ>H$ H$s Xoe - {dXoe ‘| g¡H$‹S>m| àñVw{V¶m± hþB© h¢. ñdmV§Í¶moÎma H$mb H$m a§J‘§M AnZo nyd©dVu a§J‘§M H$s Anojm {dH${gV a§J‘§M h¡. Xe©H$m| Ho$ ‘Zmoa§OZ H$mo ‘hËd XoH$a {dH${gV hþE ì¶mdgm{¶H$ a§J‘§M na Ame¶ gKZ ZmQ>H$ ^r {Z‘m©U hþE. gmR> - gÎma Ho$ XeH$ ‘| a§Jm¶Z, Am{dîH$ma {WEQ>a AH$mX‘r Am{X g§ñWmAm| Zo AnZm ~hþ‘yë¶ ¶moJXmZ {X¶m h¡. BZ g§ñWmAm| Zo H$B© ‘hmZ ZmQ>H$H$mam| Ho$ ZmQ>H$m| H$s g’$b - àñVw{V¶m| H$s h¢.

Bg Ñ{ï> go "OwJma' (OwAm, ‘wº$m~mB© Xr{jV), "‘mder X J«oQ>' (‘mbVr Xm§S>oH$a), "H$jm (Xm¶am, Vmam ~Zmago ), "O¶am‘ gm§Jo' (H$ho O¶am‘, Amem naMwao), "H$ë¶mUr' (Á¶moËñZm XodYa), "Zm§Xm gm¡»¶ ^ao' (gwIr J¥hñWr), "BS>m {nS>m Q>imo' (XþI - XX© hao), "Omñd§Xr', "‘mPm Ioi ‘m§Sy> Xo' (‘wPo IobZo Xmo), "g»Io eoOmar' (AmË‘r¶ n‹S>mogr), "{YH$ Vm‘' (gB© nam§Ono), "Zby gm§Jm Hw$UmMr?' (~VmBE Zby {H$gH$s? ‘rZm Xoenm§S>o) Am{X ZmQ>H$m| H$m CëboI {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Omo A{^Zo¶Vm Ed§ a§J‘§Mr¶ Ñ{ï> go ‘hËdnyU© h¢.

¶wdm ZmQ>H$H$ma ‘ZpñdZr bVm adtÐ Ho$ ZmQ>H$ {deof ê$n ‘| ¶wdm nr‹T>r H$s OrdZ Ñ{ï>, OrdZ e¡br, CZHo$ àým|, Û§Ûm|, g§Xohm| H$mo gm‘mݶ KQ>Zm àg§Jm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go à^mdr ê$n ‘| C^maVo h¢.

‘amR>r ZmQ>H$H$ma, a§JH$‘u, Ed§ {ZX}{eH$m Ho$ ê$n ‘| gd©n[a{MV {dO¶m ‘ohVm Zo gZ 1960 ‘| "a§Jm¶Z' H$s ñWmnZm H$s. "a§Jm¶Z' Ho$db g§ñWm hr Zht Wr ~pëH$ EH$ a§J Am§XmobZ hr Wm {OgZo ‘amR>r a§J‘§M H$mo {dO¶ V|Sw>bH$a, AaqdX Xoenm§S>o, lram‘ bmJy O¡gr hpñV¶m± Xr h¢. "a§Jm¶Z' Ho$ {~Zm ‘amR>r a§J‘§M H$m B{Vhmg Am¡a ‘hÎmm H$m n[aM¶ {X¶m Zht Om gH$Vm h¡. {dO¶ V|Sw>bH$a, ‘hoe EbHw§$Mdma, O¶d§V Xidr Am{X {d»¶mV ZmQ>H$H$mam| Ho$ ZmQ>H$m| Zo ZmQ>ç àñVw{V H$mo Z¶r {Xem Xr Am¡a {dXoer VWm ^maVr¶ ‘§M na aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶© {H$¶m h¡. {dO¶m ‘ohVm Zo A{^ZoVm VWm a§JH${‘©¶m| H$s nr‹T>r H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m h¡.

ZmQ>ç bopIH$m Ed§ {ZX}{eH$m Ho$ ê$n ‘| à{gÕ gB© nam§Ono Zo {Xëbr Ho$ amï´>r¶ ZmQ>ç {dÚmb¶ go ñZmVH$ Cnm{Y hm{gb H$s h¡. CÝhm|Zo {Za§Va ê$n go ao{S>¶mo, XÿaXe©Z, ZmQ>H$ Ed§ {’$ë‘ Ho$ joÌ ‘| g{H«$¶ nhb H$s h¡. gB© nam§Ono Zo qhXr - ‘amR>r Ho$ H$B© ZmQ>H$m| H$m {ZX}eZ {H$¶m h¡. AZoH$ {’$ë‘m| Ed§ Ymamdm{hH$m| H$m boIZ {H$¶m h¡. ~mb ZmQ>H$m| Ho$ A{V[aº$ "‘mPm Ioi ‘m§Sy> Xo' (‘wPo IobZo Xmo), "g»Io eoOmar' (AmË‘r¶ n‹S>mogr), "Omñd§Xr' Am{X ZmQ>H$m| H$s aMZm H$a ‘amR>r ZmQ>H$ gm{h˶ ‘| CëboIZr¶ ¶moJXmZ {X¶m h¡.

à{V^mdmZ A{^ZoÌr gwb^m Xoenm§S>o ‘amR>r àm¶mo{JH$ a§J‘§M H$s g{H«$¶ a§JH$‘u ah MwH$s h¢. H$B© ZmQ>ç J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| gwb^m Or H$s ‘hËdnyU© ^y{‘H$m ahr h¢. ~mb a§J‘§M, a§J{e{dam| H$m Am¶moOZ, {ZX}eZ Am{X {d{^Þ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| CZH$s gh^m{JVm ahr h¡.BZHo$ A{V[aº$ gwYm H$a‘aH$a, gwf‘m Xoenm§S>o, {d^mdar Xoenm§S>o, bVm Zmd}H$a, Cfm ZmS>H$Uu, pñ‘Vm VidiH$a Am{X Z¶r - nwamZr nr‹T>r H$s ór a§JH${‘©¶m| ‘amR>r Zo a§J‘§M na bjUr¶ H$m¶© {H$¶m h¢.

{dO¶ V|XþbH$a, O¶d§V Xbdr O¡go ZmQ>H$H$mam| Zo g‘mO H$s {d^r{fH$m H$mo AnZo ZmQ>H$m| Ho$ O[aE ~hþV hr H$R>moaVm go noe {H$¶m VWm ‘amR>r a§J‘§M na H«$m§{V H$s gmW ‘| dg§V H$mZoQ>H$a, ‘mÀN>oÐ H$m§~br O¡go ZmQ>H$H$mam| Zo gm‘m{OH$, amOZr{VH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| go ê$~ê$ H$aZo dmbo ZmQ>H$ H$mo àñVwV {H$¶m. ‘hmamï´> ‘| ‘amR>r a§J‘§M H$mo R>mog VarHo$ go Am¡a ZB© H$ënZmAm| Ho$ gmW H$m‘ H$aZm h¡, bo{H$Z gmW hr qhXr, JwOamVr, A§J«oOr {WEQ>a ^r ¶hm§ ~ohVarZ T>§J go, Z¶o-Z¶o à¶moJ boH$a AmVo h¢. H$bmH$mam| H$mo Z¶r gmoM Am¡a {dMma Ho$ gmW ha ‘m¡H$m ‘hmamï´> XoVm h¡.

^maV Ho$ n[aÑí¶ ‘| AmO ^r ‘amR>r a§J‘§M ~hþV R>mog Am¡a A^yVnyd© ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVm h¡. Eo{Vhm{gH$, gm‘m{OH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ gmW g‘mO Ho$ Aݶ nhbwAm| H$mo ‘amR>r a§J‘§M Zo COmJa {H$¶m h¡. a§JXodVm H$mo d§XZ H$aVo hþE ‘amR>r ZmQ>H$ H$s ¶h Omo ¶mÌm Mb ahr h¡, dh ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$ gmW-gmW g‘mO H$mo r gmW boH$a MbVr h¡. g§JrV, {ZX}eZ, boIZ, dof^yfm, a§J^yfm Amn ZmQ>ç ‘§MZ H$m H$moB© r joÌ br{OE, Amn ‘amR>r H$mo dhm§ Adí¶ nmE§Jo.

23A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

em{hX ImZ ԤgyarAZwnmbZm {d^mJ, Ho$.H$m.

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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ZmQ>H$ ¶m a§J‘§M ¶m{Z Hw$N> {XbMñn KQ>ZmAm| H$mo {namoH$a, {bIH$a CgH$m ‘§MZ H$aZm. Bg‘| boIZ A{^Z¶, a§J^yfm, dof^yfm, g§JrV Am{X AZoH$ nhby Ow‹S>o hmoVo h¢. nyao ^maV ‘| AZoH$ ê$nm| ‘| ZmQ>H$ Iobm OmVm h¡. {d{^Þ àXoem| ‘| BgH$m AbJ-AbJ ê$n hmoVm h¡. H$ht bmoH$ZmQ>ç Vmo H$hr ZmQ>H$ bo{H$Z ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$ gmW bmoJm| H$m C×moYZ H$aZo H$m ‘hËdnyU© H$m¶© ZmQ>H$ H$aVo h¢. ‘hmamï´> H$s ¶{X ~mV H$a| Vmo ‘hmamï´> H$m a§J‘§M Am¡a ZmQ>ç joÌ AnZr àmMrZ na§nam H$mo boH$a g‘¥Õ Am¡a gånÞ h¡.

‘amR>r a§J‘§M H$s Eo{Vhm{gH$ na§nam h¡. BgH$m àma§^ 1843 go hþAm. Ama§^ H$mb ‘| Eo{Vhm{gH$ {df¶m| VWm nwamUm| Ho$ AmYma na ZmQ>H$m| ‘| ñdXoe ào‘, ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ à{V AmñWm go g§~§{YV {df¶ aho. BZ ZmQ>H$m| na {VbH$, {MnbwUH$a O¡gr {d^y{V¶m| Ho$ {dMmam| H$m à^md Wm.

"g§JrV-ZmQ>H$' ‘amR>r a§J‘§M H$s {dœ a§J‘§M H$mo EH$ ‘hËdnyU© XoZ h¡. ZmQ>çmZ§X, H$mì¶mZ§X Am¡a ñdamZ§X H$m g§J‘ AWm©V² "ZmQ>çg§JrV'. g§JrV ZmQ>H$m| H$s na§nam Bg AmYw{ZH$Vm Am¡a n{ü‘rH$aU Ho$ ^§da ‘| ^r AnZm ñWmZ AjwÊU ~ZmE hþE h¡. g‘¶ Ho$ AZwgma "g§JrV-ZmQ>H$' ‘| Am{dîH$ma hmoVo JE Am¡a ZE-ZE à¶moJ {H$E JE.

B{Vhmg Ed§ CØd - 1880 ‘| AÊUmgmho~ {H$bm}ñH$a {bpIV "g§JrV emHw§$Vb' H$m àW‘ ‘§MZ hþAm. g§JrV ZmQ>H$, H$sV©Z, Am°noam, emór¶ g§JrV, ‘h{’$b, V‘mem, H$Zm©Q>H$ g§JrV go EH$X‘ AbJ ZmQ>çm{dîH$ma Wm. 1990 go ‘amR>r a§J‘§M Zo ñdU©H$mb XoIm, {Og‘| {H$bm}ñH$a Am¡a JmoqdX ~„mb Xodb Ho$ ~mX H¥$îUmOr à^mH$a Im{S>bH$a, am‘ JUoe JS>H$ar O¡go {gÕhñV boIH$m| Zo "‘mZmn‘mZ', "ñd¶§da', "EH$M ߶mbm' O¡go AZoH$ AOam‘a ZmQ>H$m| H$mo OÝ‘ {X¶m, {OZH$m ‘§MZ AmO ^r hmoVm ahVm h¡.

Cg µO‘mZo ‘| ‘{hbmAm| H$mo ZmQ>H$ ‘| H$m‘ H$aZm ‘Zm Wm, {OgHo$ H$maU {H$gr ‘mohH$ H$m{~b gwarbr AmdmO Ho$ AmX‘r H$mo hr ór H$s ^y{‘H$m {Z^mZr n‹S>Vr Wr. ór H$s ^y{‘H$m H$aZo dmbm| ‘| Am¡a CÝh| Áµ¶mXm A‘a ~ZmZo dmbm| ‘| à‘wI Zm‘ Zmam¶Uamd amOh§g H$m {b¶m OmVm h¡, Omo "~mbJ§Yd©' Ho$ Zm‘ go ໶mV h¢, {OÝhm|Zo AnZo Jm¶Z Am¡a ê$n go g~H$m ‘Z ‘moh {b¶m Wm. CZH$s g‘H$mbrZ ‘{hbmE§ Vmo CZHo$ Ûmam {H$¶o JE ’¡$eZ H$mo AnZmVr Wt. ‘mñQ>a XrZmZmW ‘§JoeH$a, ZmZmgmho~ ’$mQ>H$, ^mbM§Ð n|T>maH$a Zo Jm±dm| - Jm±dm| ‘| a§J‘§M na B{Vhmg aMm.

ewê$-ewê$ ‘| BZ ZmQ>H$m| H$s Ad{Y nm±M A§H$m| H$s ahVr Wr Omo amV ‘| 10 ~Oo ewê$ hmoH$a gw~h nm±M ~Oo VH$ MbVo Wo. ~XbVo g‘¶ Ho$ AZwgma Cgo H$‘ H$a {X¶m J¶m Am¡a Yrao-Yrao ZmQ>H$ 3 A§H$m| H$m ~Z J¶m. A~ Vmo 2 A§H$m| Ho$ ZmQ>H$ hmoZo bJo h¢, {OZH$s Ad{Y T>mB© ¶m VrZ K§Q>o hmoVr h¡.

‘amR>r Xe©H$m| Ho$ {Xb ‘| ZmQ>H$ H$m ~hþV ‘hËd h¡. ZmQ>H$m| Ho$ AZoH$ àH$mam| H$mo ‘amR>r a§J^y{‘ Zo AnZm¶m h¡ "’$mg©', {Og‘| ñda D$±Mm Am¡a A{^Z¶ MQ>H$sbm hmoVm h¡. "’$mg©' ZmQ>çH¥${V H$mo bmoH${ච~ZmZo ‘| ~~Z à^w Am¡a AmË‘mam‘ ^|S>o XmoZm| H$m ‘hËdnyU© ¶moJXmZ ahm h¡. "{XZyÀ¶m gmgy~mB© amYm~mB©', "Pmonr Jobobm OmJm Pmbm' ¶o ’$mg© Vmo ~hþV bmoH${චaho Am¡a AmO ^r bmoH${චh¢. ‘amR>r ‘| ‘{hbmAm| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| na AmYm[aV ZmQ>ç boIZ ^r hþAm {OgZo g‘mO Ho$ OmJaU ‘| ‘hËdnyU© ¶moJXmZ {X¶m. "g§JrV emaXm', "EH$M ߶mbm' O¡go ZmQ>H$ Vmo H$mbO¶r H¥${V¶m| Ho$ CXmhaU h¢. "Hw$bdYw', "‘hmZ§Xm', "MmaMm¡Kr', "AmB© [aQ>m¶a hmoVo¶' ór-OrdZ go g§~§{YV ZmQ>H$ Wo, {OÝhm|Zo {dMmam| H$mo ào[aV {H$¶m.

‘hmamï´> ‘| ~mba§J‘§M ^r H$m’$s {dH${gV h¡. gwYm H$a‘aH$a H$s "{bQ>b {WEQ>a' g§ñWm VWm "Hw$‘ma H$bm Ho$ÝÐ' Zo a§J‘§M H$mo AZoH$ ~mbH$bmH$ma {X¶o. AZoH$ ‘amR>r ZmQ>H$m| H$m {hÝXr, JwOamVr ‘| AZwdmX hþAm h¡. Bg a§J‘§M Ho$ H$B© H$bmH$mam| Zo {hÝXr, JwOamVr, A§J«oOr a§J‘§M VWm {gZo‘mOJV ‘| Zm‘ H$‘m¶m h¡. S>m°. ‘mohZ AmJmeo, a‘oe Xod, gr‘m, ZmZm nmQ>oH$a, S>m°. lram‘ bmJy, amo{hUr hÅ>§J‹S>r, ar‘m bmJy, gXm{ed A‘amnyaH$a, ‘mohZ Omoer O¡go H$B© {X½JOm| Ho$ Zm‘ Bg gyMr Ho$ M‘H$Vo {gVmao h¢.

~XbVo g‘¶ Ho$ gmW ‘amR>r ZmQ>H$ ^r VH$ZrH$s ê$n go ~XbVm Om ahm h¡. Bg‘| ZE-ZE à¶moJ {H$¶o Om aho h¢. ZE-ZE ñdê$n ‘| ZmQ>H$ H$s àñVw{V hmo ahr h¡. ‘amR>r ZmQ>H$m| H$m goQ> ^r Z¶m ‘mo‹S> boVm ZµOa Am ahm h¡. nhbo a§JrZ naXm| go goQ> ~ZmE OmVo Wo, {’$a Ky‘Vo a§J‘§M H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m, {Oggo goQ> ~XbZo H$s Ad{Y H$‘ hþB©. àH$me, Üd{Z Am{X ‘| ^r Z¶mnZ Am ahm h¡ Am¡a ZmQ>H$ ~XbVm Om ahm h¡. {gZo‘m H$bmH$mam| H$s VwbZm ‘| ZmQ>ç H$bmH$mam| H$s ‘ohZV A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, {H$ÝVw CÝh| ‘ohZVmZm H$‘ {‘bVm h¡, gmW hr, ‘Zmoa§OZ H$a Zo ZmQ>ç ì¶dgm¶ H$mo n§Jw ~Zm {X¶m h¡.

22 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> H$m a§J‘§M

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

23A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘amR>r ‘| "Omñd§Xr', "XþJm© Pmbr Jm¡ar', "‘wbJr Pmbr hmo', "~¶m Xma CKS>', "g»Io eoOmar', "Zm§Xm gm¡»¶^ao' Am{X Eogo ZmQ>H$ h¢ Omo XrK© H$mb VH$ ‘§{MV hþE h¢ Am¡a AmO ^r hmo aho h¢. BZH$s g¡H$‹S>m| àñVw{V¶m± hþB© h¢. qhXr ‘| Eogo ZmQ>H$ Z Ho$ ~am~a h¢.

{ZX}{eH$m H$s h¡{g¶V go gwf‘m Xoenm§S>o Or Zo bmoH$a§J‘§M Ho$ VËdm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m h¡ Am¡a dh ¶mo½¶ Am¡a C{MV ahm h¡. BgHo$ A{V[aº$ Á¶mo{V åhmngoH$a H$r "‘wbJr Pmbr hmo' (~oQ>r AmB© h¡), Bg ‘wº$ ZmQ>ç H$m ^r CëboI H$aZm ¶w{º$g§JV hmoJm. Bg‘| ‘hmamï´> Ho$ nma§n[aH$ bmoH$JrVm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ór OÝ‘ na na§namJV g‘mO H$s AZmñWm na H$‹S>m 춧½¶ {H$¶m h¡. Bg ZmQ>H$ H$s Xoe - {dXoe ‘| g¡H$‹S>m| àñVw{V¶m± hþB© h¢. ñdmV§Í¶moÎma H$mb H$m a§J‘§M AnZo nyd©dVu a§J‘§M H$s Anojm {dH${gV a§J‘§M h¡. Xe©H$m| Ho$ ‘Zmoa§OZ H$mo ‘hËd XoH$a {dH${gV hþE ì¶mdgm{¶H$ a§J‘§M na Ame¶ gKZ ZmQ>H$ ^r {Z‘m©U hþE. gmR> - gÎma Ho$ XeH$ ‘| a§Jm¶Z, Am{dîH$ma {WEQ>a AH$mX‘r Am{X g§ñWmAm| Zo AnZm ~hþ‘yë¶ ¶moJXmZ {X¶m h¡. BZ g§ñWmAm| Zo H$B© ‘hmZ ZmQ>H$H$mam| Ho$ ZmQ>H$m| H$s g’$b - àñVw{V¶m| H$s h¢.

Bg Ñ{ï> go "OwJma' (OwAm, ‘wº$m~mB© Xr{jV), "‘mder X J«oQ>' (‘mbVr Xm§S>oH$a), "H$jm (Xm¶am, Vmam ~Zmago ), "O¶am‘ gm§Jo' (H$ho O¶am‘, Amem naMwao), "H$ë¶mUr' (Á¶moËñZm XodYa), "Zm§Xm gm¡»¶ ^ao' (gwIr J¥hñWr), "BS>m {nS>m Q>imo' (XþI - XX© hao), "Omñd§Xr', "‘mPm Ioi ‘m§Sy> Xo' (‘wPo IobZo Xmo), "g»Io eoOmar' (AmË‘r¶ n‹S>mogr), "{YH$ Vm‘' (gB© nam§Ono), "Zby gm§Jm Hw$UmMr?' (~VmBE Zby {H$gH$s? ‘rZm Xoenm§S>o) Am{X ZmQ>H$m| H$m CëboI {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Omo A{^Zo¶Vm Ed§ a§J‘§Mr¶ Ñ{ï> go ‘hËdnyU© h¢.

¶wdm ZmQ>H$H$ma ‘ZpñdZr bVm adtÐ Ho$ ZmQ>H$ {deof ê$n ‘| ¶wdm nr‹T>r H$s OrdZ Ñ{ï>, OrdZ e¡br, CZHo$ àým|, Û§Ûm|, g§Xohm| H$mo gm‘mݶ KQ>Zm àg§Jm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go à^mdr ê$n ‘| C^maVo h¢.

‘amR>r ZmQ>H$H$ma, a§JH$‘u, Ed§ {ZX}{eH$m Ho$ ê$n ‘| gd©n[a{MV {dO¶m ‘ohVm Zo gZ 1960 ‘| "a§Jm¶Z' H$s ñWmnZm H$s. "a§Jm¶Z' Ho$db g§ñWm hr Zht Wr ~pëH$ EH$ a§J Am§XmobZ hr Wm {OgZo ‘amR>r a§J‘§M H$mo {dO¶ V|Sw>bH$a, AaqdX Xoenm§S>o, lram‘ bmJy O¡gr hpñV¶m± Xr h¢. "a§Jm¶Z' Ho$ {~Zm ‘amR>r a§J‘§M H$m B{Vhmg Am¡a ‘hÎmm H$m n[aM¶ {X¶m Zht Om gH$Vm h¡. {dO¶ V|Sw>bH$a, ‘hoe EbHw§$Mdma, O¶d§V Xidr Am{X {d»¶mV ZmQ>H$H$mam| Ho$ ZmQ>H$m| Zo ZmQ>ç àñVw{V H$mo Z¶r {Xem Xr Am¡a {dXoer VWm ^maVr¶ ‘§M na aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶© {H$¶m h¡. {dO¶m ‘ohVm Zo A{^ZoVm VWm a§JH${‘©¶m| H$s nr‹T>r H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m h¡.

ZmQ>ç bopIH$m Ed§ {ZX}{eH$m Ho$ ê$n ‘| à{gÕ gB© nam§Ono Zo {Xëbr Ho$ amï´>r¶ ZmQ>ç {dÚmb¶ go ñZmVH$ Cnm{Y hm{gb H$s h¡. CÝhm|Zo {Za§Va ê$n go ao{S>¶mo, XÿaXe©Z, ZmQ>H$ Ed§ {’$ë‘ Ho$ joÌ ‘| g{H«$¶ nhb H$s h¡. gB© nam§Ono Zo qhXr - ‘amR>r Ho$ H$B© ZmQ>H$m| H$m {ZX}eZ {H$¶m h¡. AZoH$ {’$ë‘m| Ed§ Ymamdm{hH$m| H$m boIZ {H$¶m h¡. ~mb ZmQ>H$m| Ho$ A{V[aº$ "‘mPm Ioi ‘m§Sy> Xo' (‘wPo IobZo Xmo), "g»Io eoOmar' (AmË‘r¶ n‹S>mogr), "Omñd§Xr' Am{X ZmQ>H$m| H$s aMZm H$a ‘amR>r ZmQ>H$ gm{h˶ ‘| CëboIZr¶ ¶moJXmZ {X¶m h¡.

à{V^mdmZ A{^ZoÌr gwb^m Xoenm§S>o ‘amR>r àm¶mo{JH$ a§J‘§M H$s g{H«$¶ a§JH$‘u ah MwH$s h¢. H$B© ZmQ>ç J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| gwb^m Or H$s ‘hËdnyU© ^y{‘H$m ahr h¢. ~mb a§J‘§M, a§J{e{dam| H$m Am¶moOZ, {ZX}eZ Am{X {d{^Þ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| CZH$s gh^m{JVm ahr h¡.BZHo$ A{V[aº$ gwYm H$a‘aH$a, gwf‘m Xoenm§S>o, {d^mdar Xoenm§S>o, bVm Zmd}H$a, Cfm ZmS>H$Uu, pñ‘Vm VidiH$a Am{X Z¶r - nwamZr nr‹T>r H$s ór a§JH${‘©¶m| ‘amR>r Zo a§J‘§M na bjUr¶ H$m¶© {H$¶m h¢.

{dO¶ V|XþbH$a, O¶d§V Xbdr O¡go ZmQ>H$H$mam| Zo g‘mO H$s {d^r{fH$m H$mo AnZo ZmQ>H$m| Ho$ O[aE ~hþV hr H$R>moaVm go noe {H$¶m VWm ‘amR>r a§J‘§M na H«$m§{V H$s gmW ‘| dg§V H$mZoQ>H$a, ‘mÀN>oÐ H$m§~br O¡go ZmQ>H$H$mam| Zo gm‘m{OH$, amOZr{VH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| go ê$~ê$ H$aZo dmbo ZmQ>H$ H$mo àñVwV {H$¶m. ‘hmamï´> ‘| ‘amR>r a§J‘§M H$mo R>mog VarHo$ go Am¡a ZB© H$ënZmAm| Ho$ gmW H$m‘ H$aZm h¡, bo{H$Z gmW hr qhXr, JwOamVr, A§J«oOr {WEQ>a ^r ¶hm§ ~ohVarZ T>§J go, Z¶o-Z¶o à¶moJ boH$a AmVo h¢. H$bmH$mam| H$mo Z¶r gmoM Am¡a {dMma Ho$ gmW ha ‘m¡H$m ‘hmamï´> XoVm h¡.

^maV Ho$ n[aÑí¶ ‘| AmO ^r ‘amR>r a§J‘§M ~hþV R>mog Am¡a A^yVnyd© ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVm h¡. Eo{Vhm{gH$, gm‘m{OH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ gmW g‘mO Ho$ Aݶ nhbwAm| H$mo ‘amR>r a§J‘§M Zo COmJa {H$¶m h¡. a§JXodVm H$mo d§XZ H$aVo hþE ‘amR>r ZmQ>H$ H$s ¶h Omo ¶mÌm Mb ahr h¡, dh ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$ gmW-gmW g‘mO H$mo r gmW boH$a MbVr h¡. g§JrV, {ZX}eZ, boIZ, dof^yfm, a§J^yfm Amn ZmQ>ç ‘§MZ H$m H$moB© r joÌ br{OE, Amn ‘amR>r H$mo dhm§ Adí¶ nmE§Jo.

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em{hX ImZ ԤgyarAZwnmbZm {d^mJ, Ho$.H$m.

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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‘hmamï> maV H$m Vrgam g~go ~‹S>m amÁ¶ h¡ Am¡a n¶©Q>Z ñWb Ho$ ê$n ‘|

H$m’$s YZr h¡. H$B© Jw’$mE±, AmH$f©H$ nhm{‹S>¶m±, g‘wÐ VQ>, n{dÌ ñWmZm| Am¡a dݶOrdm| H$m ^anya g§gmYZ h¡. hmbm§{H$ ‘hmamï> H$s

amOYmZr ‘w§~B© h¡. ‘w§~B© ^maV H$m ~¥hÎm‘ Am{W©H$ Ed§ dm{UpÁ¶H$ H|$Ð ^r h¡. {OgH$s ^maV Ho$ gH$b Kaoby CËnmX ‘| 5% H$s ^mJrXmar h¡. ‘w§~B© {dœ Ho$ gdm}ƒ Xg dm{UpÁ¶H$ Ho$ÝÐm| ‘| go EH$ h¡. ^maV Ho$ A{YH$m§e ~¢H$ Ed§ H$mamo~mar ¶m ì¶mnmar H$m¶m©b¶m| Ho$ à‘wI H$m¶m©b¶ Ed§ H$B© ‘hËdnyU© g§ñWmZ O¡go ^maVr¶ [aOd© ~¢H$, ~§~B© ñQ>m°H$ EŠgM|O, ZoeZb ñQ>m°H$ EŠgM|O Ed§ Aݶ H§$n{Z¶m| Ho$ {ZJ{‘V ‘w»¶mb¶ Ed§ ~hþamï>r¶ H§$n{Z¶m± ‘w§~B© ‘| pñWV h¢. maV H$s g~go AmH$f©H$ ZJar ‘w§~B©, {Ogo ‘w§~B© ‘m¶mZJar ¶m gnZm| H$m eha ^r H$hVo h¢, Ohm§ B§gmZ EH$ ~ma nhþ±M Om¶o Vmo dhm± go H$^r bm¡Q>Zm Zht MmhVm h¡. Eogr Š¶m MrO h¡ Omo bmoJm| H$mo ‘w§~B© H$s Amoa ItMVr Am¡a Cgo dht amoH$ H$a aIVr h¡, Bgo eãXm| ‘| ~¶m§ H$a nmZm ‘wpíH$b h¡, bo{H$Z EH$ Ehgmg h¡ {H$ Hw$N> Vmo Eogm h¡ Bg OJh ‘| {H$ bmoJ ¶hm± AmVo hr ¶ht Ho$ hmoH$a ah OmVo h¢. amoOmZm hOmam| bmoJ AnZo gnZm| Ho$ gmW ¶hm± AmVo h¢, {H$gr H$mo ¶hm± EŠQ>a ~ZZm h¡, Vmo {H$gr H$mo A‘ra AmX‘r. ha {H$gr Ho$ AnZo-AnZo gnZo h¢. ha H$moB© AnZr qOXJr H$s OÔmoOhX ‘| ^mJVm {’$a ahm h¡.

1 ‘B© H$m {XZ ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ Ho$ {bE ~ohX Img {XZ h¡, Š¶m|{H$ Bgr {XZ ¶h amÁ¶ V‘m‘ Am§XmobZ, g§Kf© Am¡a b‹S>mB¶m| Ho$ ~mX ApñVËd ‘| Am¶m Wm. Bg{bE 1 ‘B© H$mo ha gmb "‘hmamï> {Xdg' Ho$ én ‘| ~ohX CËgmh Am¡a Yy‘Ym‘ go ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡. 1 ‘B© H$mo Á¶mXmVa bmoJ ‘OXÿa {Xdg Ho$ én ‘| ^r OmZVo h¢. bo{H$Z ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ 1 ‘B© H$mo ha gmb ‘hmamï> {Xdg Ho$ én ‘| ‘ZmVm h¡. Bg ‘m¡Ho$ na gm§ñH¥${VH$, Ym{‘©H$ g‘oV H$B© a§Jma§J H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {Og‘| ‘amR>r gä¶Vm Am¡a g§ñH¥${V H$s AZyR>r PbH$ XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡. Xoe Ho$ g~go g’$b Am¡a ~‹S>o amÁ¶m| ‘| go EH$ ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ Xþ{Z¶m ‘| AnZr EH$ AbJ nhMmZ aIVm h¡.

~m°brdwS> Am¡a ‘hmamï´>1 ‘B©, gmb 1960 ‘| ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ H$s ñWmnZm H$s JB© Wr, Bggo nhbo ‘hmamï> Am¡a JwOamV amÁ¶, XmoZm| ~m°å~o amÁ¶ H$m {hñgm hþAm H$aVo Wo.

‘w§~B© eha (nyd© Zm‘ ~å~B©) ‘| ~gm qhXr {gZo‘m {Ogo ~m°brdwS> Ho$ Zm‘ go ^r OmZm OmVm h¡. ~m°brdwS> Zm‘ A§J«oµOr {gZo‘m CÚmoJ hm°{bdwS> H$s VµO© na aIm J¶m h¡. ~m°brdwS> H$s {µ’$ë‘| {hÝXþñVmZ, nm{H$ñVmZ Am¡a Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ H$B© Xoem| Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ {Xbm| H$s ‘Y‹S>H$Z h¢. ha {µ’$ë‘ ‘| H$B© g§JrV‘¶ JmZo hmoVo h¢. BZ {µ’$ë‘m| ‘| {hÝXr H$s {hÝXþñVmZr e¡br H$m MbZ h¡. {hÝXr Am¡a CXÿ© (I‹S>r ~mobr) Ho$ gmW AdYr, ~å~B¶m {hÝXr, ^moOnwar, amOñWmZr O¡gr ~mo{b¶m± ^r g§dmX Am¡a JmZm| ‘| Cn¶wº$ hmoVr h¢. ߶ma, Xoe^{º$, n[adma, AnamY, ^¶, B˶m{X ‘w»¶ {df¶ hmoVo h¢. µÁ¶mXmVa JmZo CXÿ© em¶ar na AmYm[aV hmoVo h¢. ^maV ‘| {hÝXr {gZo‘m amOñd H$m 43% à{V{Z{YËd H$aVm h¡, O~{H$ V{‘b Am¡a VobwJy {gZo‘m, amOñd H$m 36% à{V{Z{YËd H$aVo h¢. ‘w§~B© Am¡a ~m°brdwS> H$m [aíVm ~hþV nwamZm h¡. ^maVr¶ ñdVÝÌVm g§J«m‘ Ho$ ~mX, 1944 go 1960 H$s Ad{Y H$s {’$ë‘| B{VhmgH$mam| Ûmam ^maVr¶ {gZo‘m H$m ñdU© ¶wJ ‘mZr OmVr h¡.

‘w§~B© ‘| {hÝXr Ho$ Abmdm ‘amR>r {’$ë‘m| Zo ^r AnZr EH$ AbJ nhMmZ ~ZmB© h¡. dmñVd ‘| ^maV ‘| {gZo‘m Ho$ AJ«Ur XmXm gmho~ ’$mëHo$ Zo AnZr nhbr ^maVr¶ {’$ë‘ "amOm h[aü§Ð' H$m {Z‘m©U H$a H«$m§{V bm Xr. ¶h EH$ ‘yH$ {’$ë‘ Wr, bo{H$Z {’$ë‘ {Z‘m©U ‘| A{YH$Va ‘amR>r H$bmH$ma Ow‹S>o hþE Wo. AV… Bgo ‘amR>r {gZo‘m H$m {hñgm ^r ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡. 1919 ‘| ~m~wamd {‘ór Zo H$moëhmnwa Ho$ ‘hmamO Ho$ Amerdm©X go ‘hmamï> {’$ë‘ H§$nZr H$m J‹R>Z {H$¶m Am¡a nhbr ‘hËdnyU© Eo{Vhm{gH$ {’$ë‘ "g¡a§Y«r' (1920) H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m. ~m~wamd n|Q>a Zo 1930 VH$ ‘yH$ {’$ë‘| ~ZmB©. hmbm§{H$, Hw$N> ‘yH$ {’$ë‘m| Ho$ ~mX, ‘hmamï> {’$ë‘ H§$nZr Zo Üd{Z dmbo {’$ë‘m| Ho$ AmJ‘Z Ho$ gmW ‘yH$ {’$ë‘| ~ZmZm ~§X H$a {X¶m.

~mobVr {’$ë‘m| Ho$ gmW hr à^mV {’$ë‘ H§$nZr H$m CX¶ hþAm. à^mV H$s {’$ë‘ "g§V VwH$mam‘' (1937), do{Zg {’$ë‘ g‘mamoh ‘| gd©loð> {’$ë‘ nwañH$ma OrVZo dmbr nhbr ^maVr¶ {’$ë‘ Wr. 1954 ‘| amï>r¶ nwañH$ma ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ Xþ{Z¶m ‘| AnZr EH$ AbJ nhMmZ aIVm h¡. nwañH$ma OrVZo dmbr nhbr ^maVr¶ {’$ë‘ Wr. 1954 ‘| amï>r¶ nwañH$ma nwañH$ma OrVZo dmbr nhbr ^maVr¶ {’$ë‘ Wr. 1954 ‘| amï>r¶ nwañH$ma

24 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

25A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 25A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

Ho$ nhbo g§ñH$aU ‘|, "í¶m‘Mr AmB©' Zo ‘amR>r {’$ë‘ Ho$ {bE amï>n{V H$m ñdU© nXH$ OrVm.

Bg Ad{Y ‘| ~§Jmbr {gZo‘m Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd ‘| EH$ Z¶m g‘mZm§Va {gZo‘m Am§XmobZ C^am. Bg Am§XmobZ H$o Hw$N> CXmhaU ñdén MoVZ AmZ§X H$s "ZrMm ZJa' (1946), F$pËdH$ KQ>H$ H$s "ZmJ[aH$' (1952) Am¡a {~‘b am°¶ H$s "Xmo ~rKm µO‘rZ' (1953) Zo Zd ¶WmW© dmX Am¡a Z¶r ^maVr¶ bha H$s Ztd aIr. "nWoa nm§Mmbr' (1955), Omo {H$ g˶OrV am¶ H$s "Anw ̶r' (1955-1959) H$m nhbm mJ Wm, Zo am°¶ Ho$ maVr¶ {gZo‘m ‘| àdoe H$s KmofUm Wr. "Anw ̶r' Zo {dœ ^a Ho$ àYmZ {’$ë‘ g‘mamohm| ‘| à‘wI nwañH$ma OrVo Am¡a ^maVr¶ {gZo‘m ‘| "g‘mZm§Va {gZo‘m' Am§XmobZ H$mo gwÑ‹T>Vm go ñWm{nV {H$¶m.

Mb{MÌH$ma gw~«V {‘Ì, {OZH$s nhbr {’$ë‘ nWoa nm§Mmbr Wr, H$m {dœ {gZoH$bm na ‘hËdnyU© à^md n‹S>m. CZH$s EH$ µOê$ar VH$ZrH$ Wr, ~mC§g bmBqQ>J, {OgH$m BñVo‘mb H$aHo$ dh goQ> na {XZ Ho$ àH$me H$m à^md bmVo Wo. CÝhm|Zo Bg VH$ZrH$ H$mo "Anam{OVmo' (1956), "Anw ̶r' Ho$ Xÿgao ^mJ H$s eyqQ>J Ho$ Xm¡amZ nhbr ~ma BñVo‘mb {H$¶m. Hw$N> Am¡a à¶moJmË‘H$ VH$ZrH$ {OZH$s g˶OrV am¶ Zo AJwAmB© H$ar, Cg‘o§ em{‘b h¢ ’$moQ>mo-ZoJo{Q>d âb¡e~¡H$ (H$WZ) EŠg - ao {df¶m§Va à{VÛ§Xr (1972) H$s eyqQ>J Ho$ Xm¡amZ H¢${gb hþB© "X E{b¶Z' Zm‘H$ {’$ë‘ H$s 1967 ‘| {bIr hþB© nQ>H$Wm H$mo ñQ>rdZ ñnrb~J© H$s {’$ë‘ "B©.Q>r. X EŠñQ>m Q>oaopñQ>¶b' (1982) H$s àoaUm ‘mZm OmVm h¡. g˶OrV am¶ Am¡a F$pËdH$ KQ>H$ Zo AmJo MbH$a H$B© Am¡a g‘rjH$ àe§{gV H$bm {’$ë‘m| H$m {ZX}eZ {H$¶m. CZH$m AZwgaU Aݶ àe§{gV ñdV§Ì ^maVr¶ {µ’$ë‘H$ma ‘¥Umb goZ, ‘{U H$m¡b, ASy>a JmonmbH¥$îUZ, Or. Aa{dÝXZ Am¡a ~wÕXo~ XmgJwám Zo {H$¶m. 1960 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| B§{Xam Jm§Yr Ho$ gyMZm Am¡a àgmaU ‘§Ìr H$m¶©H$mb ‘| CZHo$ hñVjon go {’$ë‘ ’$mBZ|g H$manmoaoeZ Ûmam {^Þ {gZo‘mB© A{^ì¶{º$ dmbr {’$ë‘m| H$m {Z‘m©U hþAm.

^maVr¶ bmoH${ච{gZo‘m H$s naånamE± 6 à‘wI à^mdm| go ~Zr h¢. nhbm; àmMrZ maVr¶ ‘hmH$mì¶m| "‘hm^maV' Am¡a "am‘m¶U' Zo maVr¶ {gZo‘m Ho$ {dMma Am¡a H$ënZm na Jham à^md N>mo‹S>m h¡. {deofH$a H$WmZH$ na! Bg à^md Ho$ CXhmaU h¢, gmW H$s H$hmZr, nrN>o H$s H$hmZr Am¡a H$hmZr Ho$ A§Xa H$hmZr H$s VH$ZrH$! bmoH${ච^maVr¶ {’$ë‘m| Ho$ ßbmQ> ‘| AŠga H$hmZr Cn H$WmAm| ‘| µ’¡$b OmVr h¡, Bg H$WmZH$ H$m àgma 1993 H$s {’$ë‘ "IbZm¶H$' Am¡a "J{X©e' ‘| XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡.

àmMrZ g§ñH¥$V ZmQ>H$, AnZm e¡br~Õ ñdén Am¡a àXe©Z Ho$ ‘hËd Ho$

gmW g§JrV, Z¥Ë¶ Am¡a ^md §{J‘m {‘bmH$a Ord§V H$bmË‘H$ BH$mB© H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢, Ohm± Z¥Ë¶ Am¡a AZwH$aU/ñdm§J ZmQ>H$s¶ AZw d Ho$ H|$Ð h¢. g§ñH¥$V ZmQ>H$ ZmQ>ç Ho$ Zm‘ go ^r OmZo OmVo h¢. ZmQ>ç eãX H$s CËn{Îm Z¥Ë¶ (ZmM) eãX go hþB© h¡, {Oggo g§ñH¥$V ZmQ>H$ Ho$ ì¶ Z¥Ë¶ ZmQ>H$ M[aÌ H$m nVm MbVm h¡, {Og na§nam H$m nmbZ AmO ^r qhXr {gZo‘m ‘| hmo ahm h¡. A{^Z¶ H$s amg {d{Y {OgH$s CËn{Îm àmMrZ g§ñH¥$V ZmQ>H$ Ho$ H$mb ‘| hþB© Wr, EH$ ‘yb JwU h¡ Omo ^maVr¶ {gZo‘m H$mo n{ü‘r {gZo‘m go {^Þ H$aVm h¡. amg{d{Y ‘| A{^ZoVm g‘mZw y{VH$ Ho$ md {XImVm h¡, {Ogo Xe©H$ ‘hgyg H$aVm h¡. A{^Z¶ H$s amg nÕ{V bmoH${චqhXr {’$ë‘ A{^ZoVm O¡go A{‘Vm^ ~ƒZ Am¡a emhé˜ ImZ Am¡a Xoe ^a ‘| {ච{’$ë‘ O¡go "a§J Xo ~g§Vr' (2006) Am¡a A§Vam©ï>r¶ ñVa na gamhr J¶r g˶{OV ao H$s$ {’$ë‘m| ‘| ^r {XIVm h¡.

nmagr {WEQ>a ‘| ¶WmW©dmX Am¡a ’§$Vmgr, g§JrV Am¡a ZmM, H$WmZH$ Am¡a àXe©Z, O‘rZr g§dmX Am¡a ñQ>oO àXe©Z H$s nQw>Vm Am¡a BZ g~ H$mo EH$ ‘| {namoH$a A{VZmQ>H$ Ho$ ZmQ>H$s¶ gå^mfU ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡. nmagr ZmQ>H$m| ‘| ^m|S>m hmñ¶, ‘Ywa JmZo Am¡a g§JrV, gZgZrIoO Am¡a MH$mMm¢Y ñQ>oO H$bm hmoVr h¡. ¶o gmao à^md ‘gmbm {’$ë‘m| ‘| ñnï> {XIVo h¢, {Ogo ‘Z‘mohZ XogmB© O¡go {’$ë‘H$mam| Zo 1970 Am¡a 1980 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| bmoH${ච~Zm¶m.

~m°brdwS> VWm ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ H$m {OH«$ hmoVo hr AZm¶mg hr h‘mam ܶmZ {’$ë‘m| ‘| {MÌmE JE ‘m¶mZJar ‘w§~B© H$s Iy~gyaVr na AQ>H$ OmVm h¡. ~m°brdwS>/{hÝXr {’$ë‘ B§S>ñQ>r H$m ‘hmamï> ‘| ñWmnZm H$m g~go ‘hËdnyU© H$maU h¡, ¶hm± H$s g‘ Obdm¶w, ¶mVm¶mV Ho$ g^r ‘mJm] H$s nhþ±M VWm ¶hm± H$s àmH¥${VH$ gw§XaVm Omo AZm¶mg hr g~H$m ‘Z AnZr Amoa AmH${f©V H$a boVr h¡. ~m°brdwS> H$m gå‘mohZ Z Ho$db Xoedm{g¶m| ~pëH$ Aàdmgr ^maVr¶, {dXo{e¶m| H$mo ^r AnZr Amoa AmH¥$ï> H$aVm h¡ VWm ¶o bmoJ ~m°brdwS> H$s VO© na Am¶mo{OV hmoZo dmbo {d{^Þ àH$ma Ho$ Q>¡b|Q> emo ‘| AnZr à{V^m{JVm gw{Z{üV H$aZo hoVw ‘m¶mZJar ‘w§~B© AmVo h¢. ~m°brdwS> Ho$ ‘hmZm¶H$m|/Zm{¶H$mAm| H$s d¡Šg à{V‘mE b§XZ Ho$ ‘¡S>‘ Vwgm§X g§J«hmb¶ ‘| bJZm hr ~m°brdwS> H$s CnbpãY H$mo Xem©Vr h¡. dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| hm°brdwS> Zo ~m°brdwS> Ho$ H$B© Zm¶H$/Zm{¶H$mAm|, g§JrVkm| H$s H$bm H$mo naIVo hþE Z Ho$db hm°brdwS> ‘| H$m‘ H$aZo Ho$ Adga {Xbm¶o h¡§ ~pëH$ gånyU© {dœ ‘| ^maV H$mo {d{eï> nhMmZ {XbmZo H$m H$m‘ ^r {H$¶m h¡.

A{‘V ‘hVmoHo$. H$m., ‘w§~B©

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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‘hmamï> maV H$m Vrgam g~go ~‹S>m amÁ¶ h¡ Am¡a n¶©Q>Z ñWb Ho$ ê$n ‘|

H$m’$s YZr h¡. H$B© Jw’$mE±, AmH$f©H$ nhm{‹S>¶m±, g‘wÐ VQ>, n{dÌ ñWmZm| Am¡a dݶOrdm| H$m ^anya g§gmYZ h¡. hmbm§{H$ ‘hmamï> H$s

amOYmZr ‘w§~B© h¡. ‘w§~B© ^maV H$m ~¥hÎm‘ Am{W©H$ Ed§ dm{UpÁ¶H$ H|$Ð ^r h¡. {OgH$s ^maV Ho$ gH$b Kaoby CËnmX ‘| 5% H$s ^mJrXmar h¡. ‘w§~B© {dœ Ho$ gdm}ƒ Xg dm{UpÁ¶H$ Ho$ÝÐm| ‘| go EH$ h¡. ^maV Ho$ A{YH$m§e ~¢H$ Ed§ H$mamo~mar ¶m ì¶mnmar H$m¶m©b¶m| Ho$ à‘wI H$m¶m©b¶ Ed§ H$B© ‘hËdnyU© g§ñWmZ O¡go ^maVr¶ [aOd© ~¢H$, ~§~B© ñQ>m°H$ EŠgM|O, ZoeZb ñQ>m°H$ EŠgM|O Ed§ Aݶ H§$n{Z¶m| Ho$ {ZJ{‘V ‘w»¶mb¶ Ed§ ~hþamï>r¶ H§$n{Z¶m± ‘w§~B© ‘| pñWV h¢. maV H$s g~go AmH$f©H$ ZJar ‘w§~B©, {Ogo ‘w§~B© ‘m¶mZJar ¶m gnZm| H$m eha ^r H$hVo h¢, Ohm§ B§gmZ EH$ ~ma nhþ±M Om¶o Vmo dhm± go H$^r bm¡Q>Zm Zht MmhVm h¡. Eogr Š¶m MrO h¡ Omo bmoJm| H$mo ‘w§~B© H$s Amoa ItMVr Am¡a Cgo dht amoH$ H$a aIVr h¡, Bgo eãXm| ‘| ~¶m§ H$a nmZm ‘wpíH$b h¡, bo{H$Z EH$ Ehgmg h¡ {H$ Hw$N> Vmo Eogm h¡ Bg OJh ‘| {H$ bmoJ ¶hm± AmVo hr ¶ht Ho$ hmoH$a ah OmVo h¢. amoOmZm hOmam| bmoJ AnZo gnZm| Ho$ gmW ¶hm± AmVo h¢, {H$gr H$mo ¶hm± EŠQ>a ~ZZm h¡, Vmo {H$gr H$mo A‘ra AmX‘r. ha {H$gr Ho$ AnZo-AnZo gnZo h¢. ha H$moB© AnZr qOXJr H$s OÔmoOhX ‘| ^mJVm {’$a ahm h¡.

1 ‘B© H$m {XZ ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ Ho$ {bE ~ohX Img {XZ h¡, Š¶m|{H$ Bgr {XZ ¶h amÁ¶ V‘m‘ Am§XmobZ, g§Kf© Am¡a b‹S>mB¶m| Ho$ ~mX ApñVËd ‘| Am¶m Wm. Bg{bE 1 ‘B© H$mo ha gmb "‘hmamï> {Xdg' Ho$ én ‘| ~ohX CËgmh Am¡a Yy‘Ym‘ go ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡. 1 ‘B© H$mo Á¶mXmVa bmoJ ‘OXÿa {Xdg Ho$ én ‘| ^r OmZVo h¢. bo{H$Z ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ 1 ‘B© H$mo ha gmb ‘hmamï> {Xdg Ho$ én ‘| ‘ZmVm h¡. Bg ‘m¡Ho$ na gm§ñH¥${VH$, Ym{‘©H$ g‘oV H$B© a§Jma§J H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {Og‘| ‘amR>r gä¶Vm Am¡a g§ñH¥${V H$s AZyR>r PbH$ XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡. Xoe Ho$ g~go g’$b Am¡a ~‹S>o amÁ¶m| ‘| go EH$ ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ Xþ{Z¶m ‘| AnZr EH$ AbJ nhMmZ aIVm h¡.

~m°brdwS> Am¡a ‘hmamï´>1 ‘B©, gmb 1960 ‘| ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ H$s ñWmnZm H$s JB© Wr, Bggo nhbo ‘hmamï> Am¡a JwOamV amÁ¶, XmoZm| ~m°å~o amÁ¶ H$m {hñgm hþAm H$aVo Wo.

‘w§~B© eha (nyd© Zm‘ ~å~B©) ‘| ~gm qhXr {gZo‘m {Ogo ~m°brdwS> Ho$ Zm‘ go ^r OmZm OmVm h¡. ~m°brdwS> Zm‘ A§J«oµOr {gZo‘m CÚmoJ hm°{bdwS> H$s VµO© na aIm J¶m h¡. ~m°brdwS> H$s {µ’$ë‘| {hÝXþñVmZ, nm{H$ñVmZ Am¡a Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ H$B© Xoem| Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ {Xbm| H$s ‘Y‹S>H$Z h¢. ha {µ’$ë‘ ‘| H$B© g§JrV‘¶ JmZo hmoVo h¢. BZ {µ’$ë‘m| ‘| {hÝXr H$s {hÝXþñVmZr e¡br H$m MbZ h¡. {hÝXr Am¡a CXÿ© (I‹S>r ~mobr) Ho$ gmW AdYr, ~å~B¶m {hÝXr, ^moOnwar, amOñWmZr O¡gr ~mo{b¶m± ^r g§dmX Am¡a JmZm| ‘| Cn¶wº$ hmoVr h¢. ߶ma, Xoe^{º$, n[adma, AnamY, ^¶, B˶m{X ‘w»¶ {df¶ hmoVo h¢. µÁ¶mXmVa JmZo CXÿ© em¶ar na AmYm[aV hmoVo h¢. ^maV ‘| {hÝXr {gZo‘m amOñd H$m 43% à{V{Z{YËd H$aVm h¡, O~{H$ V{‘b Am¡a VobwJy {gZo‘m, amOñd H$m 36% à{V{Z{YËd H$aVo h¢. ‘w§~B© Am¡a ~m°brdwS> H$m [aíVm ~hþV nwamZm h¡. ^maVr¶ ñdVÝÌVm g§J«m‘ Ho$ ~mX, 1944 go 1960 H$s Ad{Y H$s {’$ë‘| B{VhmgH$mam| Ûmam ^maVr¶ {gZo‘m H$m ñdU© ¶wJ ‘mZr OmVr h¡.

‘w§~B© ‘| {hÝXr Ho$ Abmdm ‘amR>r {’$ë‘m| Zo ^r AnZr EH$ AbJ nhMmZ ~ZmB© h¡. dmñVd ‘| ^maV ‘| {gZo‘m Ho$ AJ«Ur XmXm gmho~ ’$mëHo$ Zo AnZr nhbr ^maVr¶ {’$ë‘ "amOm h[aü§Ð' H$m {Z‘m©U H$a H«$m§{V bm Xr. ¶h EH$ ‘yH$ {’$ë‘ Wr, bo{H$Z {’$ë‘ {Z‘m©U ‘| A{YH$Va ‘amR>r H$bmH$ma Ow‹S>o hþE Wo. AV… Bgo ‘amR>r {gZo‘m H$m {hñgm ^r ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡. 1919 ‘| ~m~wamd {‘ór Zo H$moëhmnwa Ho$ ‘hmamO Ho$ Amerdm©X go ‘hmamï> {’$ë‘ H§$nZr H$m J‹R>Z {H$¶m Am¡a nhbr ‘hËdnyU© Eo{Vhm{gH$ {’$ë‘ "g¡a§Y«r' (1920) H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m. ~m~wamd n|Q>a Zo 1930 VH$ ‘yH$ {’$ë‘| ~ZmB©. hmbm§{H$, Hw$N> ‘yH$ {’$ë‘m| Ho$ ~mX, ‘hmamï> {’$ë‘ H§$nZr Zo Üd{Z dmbo {’$ë‘m| Ho$ AmJ‘Z Ho$ gmW ‘yH$ {’$ë‘| ~ZmZm ~§X H$a {X¶m.

~mobVr {’$ë‘m| Ho$ gmW hr à^mV {’$ë‘ H§$nZr H$m CX¶ hþAm. à^mV H$s {’$ë‘ "g§V VwH$mam‘' (1937), do{Zg {’$ë‘ g‘mamoh ‘| gd©loð> {’$ë‘ nwañH$ma OrVZo dmbr nhbr ^maVr¶ {’$ë‘ Wr. 1954 ‘| amï>r¶ nwañH$ma ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ Xþ{Z¶m ‘| AnZr EH$ AbJ nhMmZ aIVm h¡. nwañH$ma OrVZo dmbr nhbr ^maVr¶ {’$ë‘ Wr. 1954 ‘| amï>r¶ nwañH$ma nwañH$ma OrVZo dmbr nhbr ^maVr¶ {’$ë‘ Wr. 1954 ‘| amï>r¶ nwañH$ma

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‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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Ho$ nhbo g§ñH$aU ‘|, "í¶m‘Mr AmB©' Zo ‘amR>r {’$ë‘ Ho$ {bE amï>n{V H$m ñdU© nXH$ OrVm.

Bg Ad{Y ‘| ~§Jmbr {gZo‘m Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd ‘| EH$ Z¶m g‘mZm§Va {gZo‘m Am§XmobZ C^am. Bg Am§XmobZ H$o Hw$N> CXmhaU ñdén MoVZ AmZ§X H$s "ZrMm ZJa' (1946), F$pËdH$ KQ>H$ H$s "ZmJ[aH$' (1952) Am¡a {~‘b am°¶ H$s "Xmo ~rKm µO‘rZ' (1953) Zo Zd ¶WmW© dmX Am¡a Z¶r ^maVr¶ bha H$s Ztd aIr. "nWoa nm§Mmbr' (1955), Omo {H$ g˶OrV am¶ H$s "Anw ̶r' (1955-1959) H$m nhbm mJ Wm, Zo am°¶ Ho$ maVr¶ {gZo‘m ‘| àdoe H$s KmofUm Wr. "Anw ̶r' Zo {dœ ^a Ho$ àYmZ {’$ë‘ g‘mamohm| ‘| à‘wI nwañH$ma OrVo Am¡a ^maVr¶ {gZo‘m ‘| "g‘mZm§Va {gZo‘m' Am§XmobZ H$mo gwÑ‹T>Vm go ñWm{nV {H$¶m.

Mb{MÌH$ma gw~«V {‘Ì, {OZH$s nhbr {’$ë‘ nWoa nm§Mmbr Wr, H$m {dœ {gZoH$bm na ‘hËdnyU© à^md n‹S>m. CZH$s EH$ µOê$ar VH$ZrH$ Wr, ~mC§g bmBqQ>J, {OgH$m BñVo‘mb H$aHo$ dh goQ> na {XZ Ho$ àH$me H$m à^md bmVo Wo. CÝhm|Zo Bg VH$ZrH$ H$mo "Anam{OVmo' (1956), "Anw ̶r' Ho$ Xÿgao ^mJ H$s eyqQ>J Ho$ Xm¡amZ nhbr ~ma BñVo‘mb {H$¶m. Hw$N> Am¡a à¶moJmË‘H$ VH$ZrH$ {OZH$s g˶OrV am¶ Zo AJwAmB© H$ar, Cg‘o§ em{‘b h¢ ’$moQ>mo-ZoJo{Q>d âb¡e~¡H$ (H$WZ) EŠg - ao {df¶m§Va à{VÛ§Xr (1972) H$s eyqQ>J Ho$ Xm¡amZ H¢${gb hþB© "X E{b¶Z' Zm‘H$ {’$ë‘ H$s 1967 ‘| {bIr hþB© nQ>H$Wm H$mo ñQ>rdZ ñnrb~J© H$s {’$ë‘ "B©.Q>r. X EŠñQ>m Q>oaopñQ>¶b' (1982) H$s àoaUm ‘mZm OmVm h¡. g˶OrV am¶ Am¡a F$pËdH$ KQ>H$ Zo AmJo MbH$a H$B© Am¡a g‘rjH$ àe§{gV H$bm {’$ë‘m| H$m {ZX}eZ {H$¶m. CZH$m AZwgaU Aݶ àe§{gV ñdV§Ì ^maVr¶ {µ’$ë‘H$ma ‘¥Umb goZ, ‘{U H$m¡b, ASy>a JmonmbH¥$îUZ, Or. Aa{dÝXZ Am¡a ~wÕXo~ XmgJwám Zo {H$¶m. 1960 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| B§{Xam Jm§Yr Ho$ gyMZm Am¡a àgmaU ‘§Ìr H$m¶©H$mb ‘| CZHo$ hñVjon go {’$ë‘ ’$mBZ|g H$manmoaoeZ Ûmam {^Þ {gZo‘mB© A{^ì¶{º$ dmbr {’$ë‘m| H$m {Z‘m©U hþAm.

^maVr¶ bmoH${ච{gZo‘m H$s naånamE± 6 à‘wI à^mdm| go ~Zr h¢. nhbm; àmMrZ maVr¶ ‘hmH$mì¶m| "‘hm^maV' Am¡a "am‘m¶U' Zo maVr¶ {gZo‘m Ho$ {dMma Am¡a H$ënZm na Jham à^md N>mo‹S>m h¡. {deofH$a H$WmZH$ na! Bg à^md Ho$ CXhmaU h¢, gmW H$s H$hmZr, nrN>o H$s H$hmZr Am¡a H$hmZr Ho$ A§Xa H$hmZr H$s VH$ZrH$! bmoH${ච^maVr¶ {’$ë‘m| Ho$ ßbmQ> ‘| AŠga H$hmZr Cn H$WmAm| ‘| µ’¡$b OmVr h¡, Bg H$WmZH$ H$m àgma 1993 H$s {’$ë‘ "IbZm¶H$' Am¡a "J{X©e' ‘| XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡.

àmMrZ g§ñH¥$V ZmQ>H$, AnZm e¡br~Õ ñdén Am¡a àXe©Z Ho$ ‘hËd Ho$

gmW g§JrV, Z¥Ë¶ Am¡a ^md §{J‘m {‘bmH$a Ord§V H$bmË‘H$ BH$mB© H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢, Ohm± Z¥Ë¶ Am¡a AZwH$aU/ñdm§J ZmQ>H$s¶ AZw d Ho$ H|$Ð h¢. g§ñH¥$V ZmQ>H$ ZmQ>ç Ho$ Zm‘ go ^r OmZo OmVo h¢. ZmQ>ç eãX H$s CËn{Îm Z¥Ë¶ (ZmM) eãX go hþB© h¡, {Oggo g§ñH¥$V ZmQ>H$ Ho$ ì¶ Z¥Ë¶ ZmQ>H$ M[aÌ H$m nVm MbVm h¡, {Og na§nam H$m nmbZ AmO ^r qhXr {gZo‘m ‘| hmo ahm h¡. A{^Z¶ H$s amg {d{Y {OgH$s CËn{Îm àmMrZ g§ñH¥$V ZmQ>H$ Ho$ H$mb ‘| hþB© Wr, EH$ ‘yb JwU h¡ Omo ^maVr¶ {gZo‘m H$mo n{ü‘r {gZo‘m go {^Þ H$aVm h¡. amg{d{Y ‘| A{^ZoVm g‘mZw y{VH$ Ho$ md {XImVm h¡, {Ogo Xe©H$ ‘hgyg H$aVm h¡. A{^Z¶ H$s amg nÕ{V bmoH${චqhXr {’$ë‘ A{^ZoVm O¡go A{‘Vm^ ~ƒZ Am¡a emhé˜ ImZ Am¡a Xoe ^a ‘| {ච{’$ë‘ O¡go "a§J Xo ~g§Vr' (2006) Am¡a A§Vam©ï>r¶ ñVa na gamhr J¶r g˶{OV ao H$s$ {’$ë‘m| ‘| ^r {XIVm h¡.

nmagr {WEQ>a ‘| ¶WmW©dmX Am¡a ’§$Vmgr, g§JrV Am¡a ZmM, H$WmZH$ Am¡a àXe©Z, O‘rZr g§dmX Am¡a ñQ>oO àXe©Z H$s nQw>Vm Am¡a BZ g~ H$mo EH$ ‘| {namoH$a A{VZmQ>H$ Ho$ ZmQ>H$s¶ gå^mfU ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡. nmagr ZmQ>H$m| ‘| ^m|S>m hmñ¶, ‘Ywa JmZo Am¡a g§JrV, gZgZrIoO Am¡a MH$mMm¢Y ñQ>oO H$bm hmoVr h¡. ¶o gmao à^md ‘gmbm {’$ë‘m| ‘| ñnï> {XIVo h¢, {Ogo ‘Z‘mohZ XogmB© O¡go {’$ë‘H$mam| Zo 1970 Am¡a 1980 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| bmoH${ච~Zm¶m.

~m°brdwS> VWm ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ H$m {OH«$ hmoVo hr AZm¶mg hr h‘mam ܶmZ {’$ë‘m| ‘| {MÌmE JE ‘m¶mZJar ‘w§~B© H$s Iy~gyaVr na AQ>H$ OmVm h¡. ~m°brdwS>/{hÝXr {’$ë‘ B§S>ñQ>r H$m ‘hmamï> ‘| ñWmnZm H$m g~go ‘hËdnyU© H$maU h¡, ¶hm± H$s g‘ Obdm¶w, ¶mVm¶mV Ho$ g^r ‘mJm] H$s nhþ±M VWm ¶hm± H$s àmH¥${VH$ gw§XaVm Omo AZm¶mg hr g~H$m ‘Z AnZr Amoa AmH${f©V H$a boVr h¡. ~m°brdwS> H$m gå‘mohZ Z Ho$db Xoedm{g¶m| ~pëH$ Aàdmgr ^maVr¶, {dXo{e¶m| H$mo ^r AnZr Amoa AmH¥$ï> H$aVm h¡ VWm ¶o bmoJ ~m°brdwS> H$s VO© na Am¶mo{OV hmoZo dmbo {d{^Þ àH$ma Ho$ Q>¡b|Q> emo ‘| AnZr à{V^m{JVm gw{Z{üV H$aZo hoVw ‘m¶mZJar ‘w§~B© AmVo h¢. ~m°brdwS> Ho$ ‘hmZm¶H$m|/Zm{¶H$mAm| H$s d¡Šg à{V‘mE b§XZ Ho$ ‘¡S>‘ Vwgm§X g§J«hmb¶ ‘| bJZm hr ~m°brdwS> H$s CnbpãY H$mo Xem©Vr h¡. dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| hm°brdwS> Zo ~m°brdwS> Ho$ H$B© Zm¶H$/Zm{¶H$mAm|, g§JrVkm| H$s H$bm H$mo naIVo hþE Z Ho$db hm°brdwS> ‘| H$m‘ H$aZo Ho$ Adga {Xbm¶o h¡§ ~pëH$ gånyU© {dœ ‘| ^maV H$mo {d{eï> nhMmZ {XbmZo H$m H$m‘ ^r {H$¶m h¡.

A{‘V ‘hVmoHo$. H$m., ‘w§~B©

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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Xmo ~ag nhbo ‘¢ AnZr nmopñQ>§J Ho$ MbVo C‚m¡Z Ho$ {ZH$Q>dVu ~‹S>ZJa ‘| Wm, O~ ‘±Pbo ^mB© Zo AnZo Z¶o âb¡Q> ‘| J¥hàdoe Ho$ Cnbú¶ ‘| g^r H$mo nwUo Am‘§{ÌV {H$¶m. ~‹S>ZJa h¡ Vmo EH$ N>moQ>m gm H$ñ~m, na na‘ma H$mbrZ eham| Yma Ed§ ‘mÊSy> VWm C‚m¡Z Ho$ ~rM H$s AnZr ^m¡Jmo{bH$ pñW{V Ho$ H$maU ¶h n{ü‘ ‘ܶ àXoe Ho$ ‘mbdm A§Mb Ho$ B{Vhmg ‘| g{X¶m| VH$ ~‹S>o ì¶mnm[aH$ Am¡a gm‘[aH$ ‘hËd H$m ahm h¡. ¶h H${d àXrn H$s OÝ‘^y{‘ ^r h¡, {OZHo$ {bIo "XoI Voao B§gmZ H$s hmbV Š¶m hmo JB© ^JdmZ' Am¡a "AmAmo, ~ƒm| Vwåh| {XIm¶| Pm±H$s qhXþñVmZ H$s' O¡go JmZm| Zo XeH$m| VH$ bmoJm| Ho$ {Xbm| na amO {H$¶m.

¶y± {H$gr Z {H$gr ~hmZo nhbo ^r ‘¢ H$^r AHo$bm Am¡a H$^r nËZr Ho$ gmW nwUo Om MwH$m hÿ±. na Bg ~ma H$m nwUo OmZm EH$ ¶mXJma àdmg H$m hoVw ~ZZo dmbm Wm Š¶m|{H$ ^mB© H$m {Z‘§ÌU {‘bVo hr h‘Zo nwUo Ho$ gmW ^r‘me§H$a OmZm ^r V¶ H$a {b¶m Wm. ^r‘me§H$a n{ü‘r KmQ> Ho$ gøm{Ð nd©V na pñWV dh àmMrZ VrW© h¡, Ohm± ÛmXe Á¶mo{V{bªJm| ‘| go N>R>d| Á¶mo{V{bªJ {damO‘mZ h¢.

Omo hmo, em‘ H$mo {Z¶V g‘¶ na aVbm‘ ñQ>oeZ go Q´>oZ Ny>Q>Zo Ho$ gmW hr h‘mar bJ^J 790 {H$bmo‘rQ>a H$s ¶mÌm ewê$ hþB©. Q´>oZ ‘ܶàXoe go {ZH$b H$a X{jU JwOamV Ho$ JmoYam Am¡a gyaV hmoVo hþE ‘hmamï´> Ho$ H$ë¶mU O§ŠeZ, H$O©V Am¡a bmoZmdbm Ho$ amñVo nwUo nhþ±MVr h¡. nhm‹S>m| Am¡a KZo O§Jbm| go JwOaZo dmbo amñVo H$s àmH¥${VH$ gwf‘m {XbH$e h¡. n{ü‘r KmQ> Ho$ nhm‹S>m| Am¡a gwaå¶ O§Jbm| Ho$ ~rM go hmoVo hþ¶o {Z¶V g‘¶ ‘| h‘mar Q´>oZ nwUo nhþ±Mr. ñQ>oeZ na ^mB© h‘| boZo Am¶m hþAm Wm. h‘ g~ CgHo$ Am¢Y pñWV Ka na nhþ±Mo, Ohm± {~bmgnwa go {nVmOr Am¡a ‘m± VWm gmW ‘| N>moQ>m ^mB© Am¡a CgH$s nËZr nhbo hr nhþ±M MwHo$ Wo. h‘mar ñdJu¶m BH$bm¡Vr ~hZ Ho$ XmoZm| ~oQ>o ^r Am JE Wo. ~‹S>o {XZm| Ho$ ~mX nyam Hw$Z~m BH$Ç>m hþAm Wm. {g’©$ ‘oam ~oQ>m Zht Am gH$m Wm.

O¡gm ‘¢Zo H$hm, nwUo ‘oao {bE Z¶m Zht. A~ dh ‘oao N>moQ>o ^mB© H$m eha h¡. nwUo ^maV H$m gmVdm± Am¡a ‘hmamï´> H$m Xÿgam g~go ~‹S>m eha h¡. "¹$sZ Am°’$ S>o¸$Z' Ho$ Zm‘ go ‘ehÿa nwUo ‘hmamï´> H$s gm§ñH¥${VH$ amOYmZr hmoZo Ho$ gmW hr gmW Cƒ {ejm H$m Zm‘MrZ H|$Ð h¡. Bgr H$maU Bgo nyd© H$m Am°Šg’$moS>© ^r H$hm OmVm h¡. ¶h AZoH$ àm¡Úmo{JH$s Am¡a Am°Q>mo‘mo~mBb B§S>ñQ´>r H$s ì¶mnH$ CnpñW{V Ho$ MbVo amoOJma H$m

~‹S>m H|$Ð h¡. ‘wbm Am¡a ‘wR>m BZ Xmo Z{X¶m| Ho$ VQ> na ~gm ¶h eha bmIm| ¶wdmAm| Ho$ gnZm| H$m eha h¡. dV©‘mZ

‘| ¶h gyMZm VH$ZrH$s Ho$ joÌ ‘| ^r VoOr go C^a ahm h¡. ¶h àmMrZ Am¡a ZdrZ XmoZm| ‘yë¶m| H$mo AnZo gmW {bE {Za§Va AmJo ~‹T> ahm h¡.

BgH$m kmV Ama§{^H$ B{Vhmg 758 B© H$m {‘bVm h¡. Cg g‘¶ Bgo nwÞH$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm Wm. 17 dt eVmãXr ‘| ¶h eha {ZOm‘emhr, Am{Xbemhr Am¡a ‘wJb Am{X {d{^Þ amOd§em| H$m A§J ahm. ¶h eha {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ OrdZ Am¡a ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ Ho$ B{Vhmg H$m EH$ ‘hËdnyU© A§J h¡. Cg H$mb H$m ‘yH$ Jdmh h¡ bmb ‘hb. ‘¢ {OVZr ~ma nyZm J¶m hÿ±, bmb ‘hb Oê$a J¶m hÿ±. dh ‘mZmo ‘wPo AnZr Amoa ItMVm h¡. N>Ìn{V {edmOr Zo dhm± AnZo ~MnZ H$m Hw$N> g‘¶ (1635-36) {~Vm¶m Wm Am¡a ~mX ‘| dht, EH$ e{º$embr goZm Ho$ gm¶o ‘| aho, emBñVm Im± na h‘bm H$a AnZo Aà{V‘ N>mnm‘ma ¶wÕ H$m¡eb H$m n[aM¶ {X¶m Wm. emBñVm Im± ‘wJb g‘«mQ> Am¡a§JOo~ H$m ‘m‘m Wm Am¡a Cgo X»IZ H$m gy~oXma {Z¶V {H$¶m J¶m Wm. Cg h‘bo ‘| emBñVm Im± ~M H$a ^mJZo ‘| H$m‘¶m~ Vmo hþAm na AnZr C±J{b¶m± J±dm H$a. ¶h Aà¡b 1663 H$s KQ>Zm Wr.

Bg ~ma ^r ì¶{VH«$‘ Z hþAm. J¥hàdoe H$s añ‘ IË‘ hmoVo hr ‘¢ bmb‘hb hmo Am¶m Am¡a {’$a dhm± go noedmAm| H$s gÎmm g§MmbZ H$m H|$Ð {~ÝXþ aho e{Zdmadm‹S>m ^r Ky‘ Am¶m. ¶h ñWb noedmAm| H$s JÔr Wr. BgH$m {Z‘m©U nhbo noedm ~mOramd àW‘ (~mOramd- ‘ñVmZr {’$ë‘ CÝht Ho$ OrdZ na AmYm[aV Wr), Zo H$am¶m Wm. do N>Ìn{V {edmOr Ho$ nmoVo emhy Or ‘hmamO Ho$ àYmZ‘§Ìr (noedm) Wo. AnZo {Z‘m©U Ho$ bJ^J Zã~o dfm] Ho$ H$mbI§S> ‘| ¶h ‘amR>m Jm¡ad, AØþV em¡¶© Am¡a CVZo hr Hw${Q>b- {ZX©¶r IyZr gÎmm {bßgm d dM©ñd g§Kf© Ed§ A§VVmoJËdm noedmAm| Ho$ nVZ H$m Jdmh ~Zm. ~mX ‘| ¶hm± ^rfU AmJOZr hmoZo go nyam dm‹S>m Zï> hmo J¶m. AmO CgHo$ g§a{jV Adeof Cg B{Vhmg H$s JmWm H$hZo hoVw eof h¢.

g§X^©de ~VmVm Mby±, ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s ewéAmV 1674 B© ‘| N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ amÁ¶m{^foH$ Ho$ gmW ewê$ hþB© Am¡a BgH$m A§V 1818 ‘| noedm ~mOramd {ÛVr¶ H$s hma Ho$ gmW hþAm. Bg gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s Ztd {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo 1645 ‘| S>mbr Wr. 1680 ‘| {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ gmW CZHo$ Aï>àYmZ (AmR> ‘§{̶m| H$s gbmhH$a n[afX) Ho$ à‘wI AWm©V àYmZ‘§Ìr noedmAm| H$m ¶wJ ewê$ hþAm. noedm H$mb ‘| nwUo ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s àemg{ZH$ amOYmZr Wr. Bg H$mb ‘| BgH$s H$m’$s Va¸$s hþB©.

nwUo VWm ^r‘me§H$a

¶mÌm g¥OZ

Am¡a Am°Q>mo‘mo~mBb B§S>ñQ´>r H$s ì¶mnH$ CnpñW{V Ho$ MbVo amoOJma H$m ~‹S>m H|$Ð h¡. ‘wbm Am¡a ‘wR>m BZ Xmo Z{X¶m| Ho$ VQ> na ~gm ¶h

eha bmIm| ¶wdmAm| Ho$ gnZm| H$m eha h¡. dV©‘mZ

‘hmamO Ho$ ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ gmW CZHo$ Aï>àYmZ (AmR> ‘§{̶m| H$s gbmhH$a n[afX) Ho$ à‘wI AWm©V àYmZ‘§Ìr noedmAm| H$m ¶wJ ewê$ hþAm. noedm H$mb ‘| nwUo ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s àemg{ZH$ amOYmZr Wr. Bg H$mb ‘| BgH$s H$m’$s Va¸$s hþB©.

¶mÌm g¥OZ

nwUo VWm ^r‘me§H$a

26 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

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27A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

nwUo bmoH$‘mݶ ~mb J§JmYa {VbH$ H$s H$‘©^y{‘ ^r h¡. CÝhm|Zo ¶ht gmd©O{ZH$ JUoe nyOm H$s dh AZmoIr na§nam ewê$ H$s Wr, {OgZo A±J«oOr hþHy$‘V Ho$ pIbm’$ OZ MoVZm OmJ¥V H$aZo ‘| ‘hVr ^y{‘H$m AXm H$s Wr. ¶ht Ho$ ¶ad‹S>m pñWV AmJm ImZ n¡bog ‘| ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr H$mo CZHo$ gh¶mo{J¶m| Ho$ gmW 1940 ‘| ~§Xr ~Zm H$a aIm J¶m Wm. H$ñVya~m Jm§Yr H$m Xohm§V ^r ¶ht hþAm Wm.

AJbr gw~h h‘ AnZr Jm‹S>r go ^r‘me§H$a Ho$ {bE {ZH$bo. nwUo go bJ^J 110 {H$‘r H$m g’$a gwIX Am¡a Amam‘Xm¶H$ ahm. amñVo ‘| EH$ ñWmZ Am¶m ‘§Ma. g~Zo dhm± Mm¶ nr. ‘oao ^rVa ~¡R>o eamaVr ~ƒo Zo OJh Ho$ Zm‘ H$mo ¶mX aIZo VwH$~§Xr {^‹S>mB© gmB{H$b n§Ma, nwUo ‘§Ma.

Mm¶ nr H$a h‘ ^r‘me§H$a Ho$ {bE AmJo {ZH$bo. ‘§Ma go bJ^J Vrg {H$bmo‘rQ>a H$s Xÿar na EH$ Amoa {edZoar H$m {H$bm h¡. H$me! nhbo nVm hmoVm {H$ N>Ìn{V {edmOr H$m OÝ‘ {Og {H$bo ‘| hþAm Wm, dhm± OmZo H$m amñVm h‘mao ^r‘me§H$a Ho$ nW Ho$ BVZo ZOXrH$ go H$Q>Vm h¡. na g‘¶ H$‘ Wm Am¡a {dMbZ H$s H$moB© Jw§OmBe Zht Wr. gmo h‘ AnZo A^rï> H$s Amoa ~‹T> Mbo. nhm‹S>r dݶjoÌ Ama§^ hmoZo bJm. ¶h joÌ ^r‘me§H$a Á¶mo{V{bªJ dݶOrd A^¶maʶ H$m {hñgm h¡.

O~ h‘ ^r‘me§H$a nhþ±Mo, ^r‹S> {~ëHw$b ^r Zht Wr. ¶h h‘mao nwUo go Abgw~h {ZH$bZo H$m µ’$m¶Xm Wm. ‘§{Xa Ho$ {bE H$m’$s gr{‹T>¶m± n¡Xb CVaZr n‹S>Vr h¢. XmoZm| Amoa ’y$b- àgmX, {JâQ> AmBQ>‘ Am¡a {‘R>mB¶m| H$s XþH$mZ| gOr hþB© Wr. ‘¢Zo EH$ XþH$mZ go ’y$b- àgmX {b¶m. "n¡go bm¡Q> H$a XoZm' nyOm go nhbo ’y$b H$s S>{b¶m H$m ‘yë¶ XoZo H$s ‘oar H$mo{ee H$mo Ag’$b H$aVr dh pñ‘V hmñ¶ gm±dbr ¶wdVr Zo H$hm. BVZr XþH$mZm| H$s ^r‹S> ‘| {H$g XþH$mZ go ’y$b- àgmX {b¶m h¡, ‘¢ ^wb¸$‹S> ¶mX H¡$go aIy±Jm, ‘oar ñdm^m{dH$ Xþ{dYm Wr. CgZo ‘amR>r dmbr {hÝXr ‘| ~Vm¶m {H$ g^r XþH$mZXma AnZr AnZr S>{b¶m nhMmZVo h¢, Bg{bE H$moB© g‘ñ¶m Zht hmoJr. ‘¢ {ZqüV hþAm. h‘ ZrMo CVa H$a ‘§{Xa àm§JU ‘| Om nhþ±Mo. ZmJa e¡br ‘| H$mbo nËWam| go {Z{‘©V ‘§{Xa AnZo nyao d¡^d Am¡a Jm¡ad Ho$ gmW I‹S>m Wm. BgH$m OrUm}Õma AR>mahdt gXr Ho$ A§V ‘| ZmZm ’$‹S>Zdrg Zo H$am¶m Wm, Omo AñV hmoVo noedmB© H$mo AnZo ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ g’$bVmnyd©H$ ~Mm aI nmZo ‘| g’$b hþ¶o Wo. na Bg à¶mg ‘| do ~‹S>o H$R>moa Am¡a Ag{hîUw hmoVo JE Wo Am¡a ‘hmXOr qeXo (qg{Y¶m) O¡go Hw$eb VWm gm‘϶©dmZ goZmn{V VH$ H$mo AnZm Ywa {damoYr ~Zm {b¶m Wm. ‘hmXOr Ho$ ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ Mma ~ag ~mX ZmZm H$m Xohm§V hþAm Am¡a BZ Xmo ‘O~yV ñV§^m| Ho$ T>h OmZo Ho$ gmW noedm ¶wJ H$s g‘m{á V¶ hmo JB©.

h‘ J^©J¥h Ho$ gm‘Zo pñWV ‘§S>n na ~¡R>o. dhm± V~ Hw$N> hr bmoJ Wo. ‘¢Zo ~¡R>o-~¡R>o J^©J¥h H$mo bú¶ H$a AnZm àUm‘ {Zdo{XV {H$¶m. {ed H$ë¶mUH$mar h¢, gw§Xa h¢, g˶ h¢. do ewÕ, n{dÌ Am¡a gd©‘wº$ h¢. do ‘mZd OrdZ Ho$ CZ CÔmÎm Ed§ loð> JwUm| Ho$ àVrH$ h¢, {OZHo$ {~Zm ‘Zwî¶ ~ohVa ~ZZo H$s amh na Zht Mb gH$Vm. V^r Vmo ¶Owd}X g§{hVm H$m ‘§Ì "VÝ‘o ‘Z: {edg§H$ën‘ñVw' H$s àmW©Zm H$aVm h¡, ‘oao ‘Z H$m g§H$ën ew^ hmo H$ë¶mUH$mar hmo. do g¥OZ go g§hma VH$, OrdZ go ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ OrdZ H$m dh ew^« àH$me h¡, Omo ‘mZdVm H$mo ghr {Xem {XImZo H$m H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, Cg na MbZo H$mo ào[aV H$aVm h¡. AZm{XH$mb go do AÀN>mB¶m| Am¡a ~wamB¶m| Ho$ ~rM Ho$ goVw aho h¢. do am‘ Ho$ ^r h¢ Am¡a amdU Ho$ ^r. AWd©doX Zo CÝh| e§H$a: Xþ:I VñH$a‘ H$h nwH$mam, do AnZo ^º$m| Ho$ Xþ:I H$s VñH$ar H$aVo h¢, CÝh| haVo h¢.

h‘mam H«$‘ AmZo na h‘ J^©J¥h JE Am¡a Xe©Z {H$¶m. V~ VH$ ^r‹S> Zht Wr, Bgr{bE Xodm{YXod H$m Xe©Z ~‹S>o gwHy$Z go hþAm.

Xe©Z H$a h‘ ~mha {ZH$bo {’$a Cg n{dÌ ‘§{Xa Ho$ àm§JU ‘| Ky‘Vo aho, Ohm± amdU Ho$ ^mB© Hw§$^H$U© Ho$ nwÌ ^r‘ H$m dY H$aZo ñd¶§ {ed H$mo àH$Q> hmoZm n‹S>m Wm. Aew^ e{º$¶m| Ho$ g§hmaH$ {ed Ho$ Cg AmJ‘Z Ho$ B{Vhmg H$mo h‘mao nyd©Om| Zo A~ VH$ AnZo VarHo$ go g±Omo H$a aIm h¡. nm¡am{UH$ B{Vhmg Ho$ g§ajU H$s ¶hr h‘mar {dbjU na§nam ahr h¡.

O~ h‘ dmng D$na OmZo Ho$ {bE gr{‹T>¶m| H$s Amoa JE, [a‘{P‘ ~m[ae ewê$ hmo JB© Wr Am¡a Xe©Zm{W©¶m| H$m {demb hþOy‘ C‘‹S>Zo bJm Wm. ^r‹S> H$s H$Vmam| Ho$ ~rM ‘¢Zo S>{b¶m bm¡Q>mZo Ho$ {bE g^r XþH$mZm| Ho$ ZrMo go D$na VH$ VrZ- Mma M¸$a bJmE {H$ÝVw Z Vmo dh ’y$b dmbr ¶wdVr {XIr Am¡a Z hr ‘¢ CgH$s XþH$mZ H$mo {MpÝhV H$a nm¶m. ‘wpíH$b V~ hþB©, O~ g^r XþH$mZXmam| Zo S>{b¶m H$mo AnZm ‘mZZo Am¡a n¡go boZo go BZH$ma H$a {X¶m. ‘aVm Š¶m Z H$aVm! A§XmO go CgH$s XþH$mZ H$m A§XmOm H$a ‘¢ dhm± Ho$ EH$ XþH$mZXma Ho$ nmg J¶m Am¡a Cgo Cg ¶wdVr H$m hþ{b¶m ~Vm, S>{b¶m Am¡a ‘yë¶ gm¢n Am¶m.

¶ht ^r‘m ZXr Ho$ CÒ‘ Ho$ Abmdm Aݶ Hw$N>oH$ Xe©Zr¶ ñWb ^r h¢. {H$ÝVw h‘mao nmg g‘¶ H$‘ Wm Am¡a D$na AmZo VH$ ~m[ae VoO hmo JB© Wr. ^rJVo hþ¶o h‘ Jm‹S>r ‘| ~¡R>o Am¡a {ga VH$ PwH$ AmE ~mXbm| H$s AR>Io{b¶m| H$m ¶mXJma AmZ§X boVo hþ¶o dmng nwUo Ho$ {bE {ZH$b n‹S>o.

à{V^y ~ZOujo.H$m., {~bmgnwa

nwUo bmoH$‘mݶ ~mb J§JmYa {VbH$ H$s H$‘©^y{‘ ^r h¡. CÝhm|Zo ¶ht

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26 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

Xmo ~ag nhbo ‘¢ AnZr nmopñQ>§J Ho$ MbVo C‚m¡Z Ho$ {ZH$Q>dVu ~‹S>ZJa ‘| Wm, O~ ‘±Pbo ^mB© Zo AnZo Z¶o âb¡Q> ‘| J¥hàdoe Ho$ Cnbú¶ ‘| g^r H$mo nwUo Am‘§{ÌV {H$¶m. ~‹S>ZJa h¡ Vmo EH$ N>moQ>m gm H$ñ~m, na na‘ma H$mbrZ eham| Yma Ed§ ‘mÊSy> VWm C‚m¡Z Ho$ ~rM H$s AnZr ^m¡Jmo{bH$ pñW{V Ho$ H$maU ¶h n{ü‘ ‘ܶ àXoe Ho$ ‘mbdm A§Mb Ho$ B{Vhmg ‘| g{X¶m| VH$ ~‹S>o ì¶mnm[aH$ Am¡a gm‘[aH$ ‘hËd H$m ahm h¡. ¶h H${d àXrn H$s OÝ‘^y{‘ ^r h¡, {OZHo$ {bIo "XoI Voao B§gmZ H$s hmbV Š¶m hmo JB© ^JdmZ' Am¡a "AmAmo, ~ƒm| Vwåh| {XIm¶| Pm±H$s qhXþñVmZ H$s' O¡go JmZm| Zo XeH$m| VH$ bmoJm| Ho$ {Xbm| na amO {H$¶m.

¶y± {H$gr Z {H$gr ~hmZo nhbo ^r ‘¢ H$^r AHo$bm Am¡a H$^r nËZr Ho$ gmW nwUo Om MwH$m hÿ±. na Bg ~ma H$m nwUo OmZm EH$ ¶mXJma àdmg H$m hoVw ~ZZo dmbm Wm Š¶m|{H$ ^mB© H$m {Z‘§ÌU {‘bVo hr h‘Zo nwUo Ho$ gmW ^r‘me§H$a OmZm ^r V¶ H$a {b¶m Wm. ^r‘me§H$a n{ü‘r KmQ> Ho$ gøm{Ð nd©V na pñWV dh àmMrZ VrW© h¡, Ohm± ÛmXe Á¶mo{V{bªJm| ‘| go N>R>d| Á¶mo{V{bªJ {damO‘mZ h¢.

Omo hmo, em‘ H$mo {Z¶V g‘¶ na aVbm‘ ñQ>oeZ go Q´>oZ Ny>Q>Zo Ho$ gmW hr h‘mar bJ^J 790 {H$bmo‘rQ>a H$s ¶mÌm ewê$ hþB©. Q´>oZ ‘ܶàXoe go {ZH$b H$a X{jU JwOamV Ho$ JmoYam Am¡a gyaV hmoVo hþE ‘hmamï´> Ho$ H$ë¶mU O§ŠeZ, H$O©V Am¡a bmoZmdbm Ho$ amñVo nwUo nhþ±MVr h¡. nhm‹S>m| Am¡a KZo O§Jbm| go JwOaZo dmbo amñVo H$s àmH¥${VH$ gwf‘m {XbH$e h¡. n{ü‘r KmQ> Ho$ nhm‹S>m| Am¡a gwaå¶ O§Jbm| Ho$ ~rM go hmoVo hþ¶o {Z¶V g‘¶ ‘| h‘mar Q´>oZ nwUo nhþ±Mr. ñQ>oeZ na ^mB© h‘| boZo Am¶m hþAm Wm. h‘ g~ CgHo$ Am¢Y pñWV Ka na nhþ±Mo, Ohm± {~bmgnwa go {nVmOr Am¡a ‘m± VWm gmW ‘| N>moQ>m ^mB© Am¡a CgH$s nËZr nhbo hr nhþ±M MwHo$ Wo. h‘mar ñdJu¶m BH$bm¡Vr ~hZ Ho$ XmoZm| ~oQ>o ^r Am JE Wo. ~‹S>o {XZm| Ho$ ~mX nyam Hw$Z~m BH$Ç>m hþAm Wm. {g’©$ ‘oam ~oQ>m Zht Am gH$m Wm.

O¡gm ‘¢Zo H$hm, nwUo ‘oao {bE Z¶m Zht. A~ dh ‘oao N>moQ>o ^mB© H$m eha h¡. nwUo ^maV H$m gmVdm± Am¡a ‘hmamï´> H$m Xÿgam g~go ~‹S>m eha h¡. "¹$sZ Am°’$ S>o¸$Z' Ho$ Zm‘ go ‘ehÿa nwUo ‘hmamï´> H$s gm§ñH¥${VH$ amOYmZr hmoZo Ho$ gmW hr gmW Cƒ {ejm H$m Zm‘MrZ H|$Ð h¡. Bgr H$maU Bgo nyd© H$m Am°Šg’$moS>© ^r H$hm OmVm h¡. ¶h AZoH$ àm¡Úmo{JH$s Am¡a Am°Q>mo‘mo~mBb B§S>ñQ´>r H$s ì¶mnH$ CnpñW{V Ho$ MbVo amoOJma H$m

~‹S>m H|$Ð h¡. ‘wbm Am¡a ‘wR>m BZ Xmo Z{X¶m| Ho$ VQ> na ~gm ¶h eha bmIm| ¶wdmAm| Ho$ gnZm| H$m eha h¡. dV©‘mZ

‘| ¶h gyMZm VH$ZrH$s Ho$ joÌ ‘| ^r VoOr go C^a ahm h¡. ¶h àmMrZ Am¡a ZdrZ XmoZm| ‘yë¶m| H$mo AnZo gmW {bE {Za§Va AmJo ~‹T> ahm h¡.

BgH$m kmV Ama§{^H$ B{Vhmg 758 B© H$m {‘bVm h¡. Cg g‘¶ Bgo nwÞH$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm Wm. 17 dt eVmãXr ‘| ¶h eha {ZOm‘emhr, Am{Xbemhr Am¡a ‘wJb Am{X {d{^Þ amOd§em| H$m A§J ahm. ¶h eha {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ OrdZ Am¡a ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ Ho$ B{Vhmg H$m EH$ ‘hËdnyU© A§J h¡. Cg H$mb H$m ‘yH$ Jdmh h¡ bmb ‘hb. ‘¢ {OVZr ~ma nyZm J¶m hÿ±, bmb ‘hb Oê$a J¶m hÿ±. dh ‘mZmo ‘wPo AnZr Amoa ItMVm h¡. N>Ìn{V {edmOr Zo dhm± AnZo ~MnZ H$m Hw$N> g‘¶ (1635-36) {~Vm¶m Wm Am¡a ~mX ‘| dht, EH$ e{º$embr goZm Ho$ gm¶o ‘| aho, emBñVm Im± na h‘bm H$a AnZo Aà{V‘ N>mnm‘ma ¶wÕ H$m¡eb H$m n[aM¶ {X¶m Wm. emBñVm Im± ‘wJb g‘«mQ> Am¡a§JOo~ H$m ‘m‘m Wm Am¡a Cgo X»IZ H$m gy~oXma {Z¶V {H$¶m J¶m Wm. Cg h‘bo ‘| emBñVm Im± ~M H$a ^mJZo ‘| H$m‘¶m~ Vmo hþAm na AnZr C±J{b¶m± J±dm H$a. ¶h Aà¡b 1663 H$s KQ>Zm Wr.

Bg ~ma ^r ì¶{VH«$‘ Z hþAm. J¥hàdoe H$s añ‘ IË‘ hmoVo hr ‘¢ bmb‘hb hmo Am¶m Am¡a {’$a dhm± go noedmAm| H$s gÎmm g§MmbZ H$m H|$Ð {~ÝXþ aho e{Zdmadm‹S>m ^r Ky‘ Am¶m. ¶h ñWb noedmAm| H$s JÔr Wr. BgH$m {Z‘m©U nhbo noedm ~mOramd àW‘ (~mOramd- ‘ñVmZr {’$ë‘ CÝht Ho$ OrdZ na AmYm[aV Wr), Zo H$am¶m Wm. do N>Ìn{V {edmOr Ho$ nmoVo emhy Or ‘hmamO Ho$ àYmZ‘§Ìr (noedm) Wo. AnZo {Z‘m©U Ho$ bJ^J Zã~o dfm] Ho$ H$mbI§S> ‘| ¶h ‘amR>m Jm¡ad, AØþV em¡¶© Am¡a CVZo hr Hw${Q>b- {ZX©¶r IyZr gÎmm {bßgm d dM©ñd g§Kf© Ed§ A§VVmoJËdm noedmAm| Ho$ nVZ H$m Jdmh ~Zm. ~mX ‘| ¶hm± ^rfU AmJOZr hmoZo go nyam dm‹S>m Zï> hmo J¶m. AmO CgHo$ g§a{jV Adeof Cg B{Vhmg H$s JmWm H$hZo hoVw eof h¢.

g§X^©de ~VmVm Mby±, ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s ewéAmV 1674 B© ‘| N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ amÁ¶m{^foH$ Ho$ gmW ewê$ hþB© Am¡a BgH$m A§V 1818 ‘| noedm ~mOramd {ÛVr¶ H$s hma Ho$ gmW hþAm. Bg gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s Ztd {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo 1645 ‘| S>mbr Wr. 1680 ‘| {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ gmW CZHo$ Aï>àYmZ (AmR> ‘§{̶m| H$s gbmhH$a n[afX) Ho$ à‘wI AWm©V àYmZ‘§Ìr noedmAm| H$m ¶wJ ewê$ hþAm. noedm H$mb ‘| nwUo ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s àemg{ZH$ amOYmZr Wr. Bg H$mb ‘| BgH$s H$m’$s Va¸$s hþB©.

nwUo VWm ^r‘me§H$a

¶mÌm g¥OZ

Am¡a Am°Q>mo‘mo~mBb B§S>ñQ´>r H$s ì¶mnH$ CnpñW{V Ho$ MbVo amoOJma H$m ~‹S>m H|$Ð h¡. ‘wbm Am¡a ‘wR>m BZ Xmo Z{X¶m| Ho$ VQ> na ~gm ¶h

eha bmIm| ¶wdmAm| Ho$ gnZm| H$m eha h¡. dV©‘mZ

‘hmamO Ho$ ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ gmW CZHo$ Aï>àYmZ (AmR> ‘§{̶m| H$s gbmhH$a n[afX) Ho$ à‘wI AWm©V àYmZ‘§Ìr noedmAm| H$m ¶wJ ewê$ hþAm. noedm H$mb ‘| nwUo ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s àemg{ZH$ amOYmZr Wr. Bg H$mb ‘| BgH$s H$m’$s Va¸$s hþB©.

¶mÌm g¥OZ

nwUo VWm ^r‘me§H$a

26 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

¶mÌm g¥OZ¶mÌm g¥OZ

27A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

nwUo bmoH$‘mݶ ~mb J§JmYa {VbH$ H$s H$‘©^y{‘ ^r h¡. CÝhm|Zo ¶ht gmd©O{ZH$ JUoe nyOm H$s dh AZmoIr na§nam ewê$ H$s Wr, {OgZo A±J«oOr hþHy$‘V Ho$ pIbm’$ OZ MoVZm OmJ¥V H$aZo ‘| ‘hVr ^y{‘H$m AXm H$s Wr. ¶ht Ho$ ¶ad‹S>m pñWV AmJm ImZ n¡bog ‘| ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr H$mo CZHo$ gh¶mo{J¶m| Ho$ gmW 1940 ‘| ~§Xr ~Zm H$a aIm J¶m Wm. H$ñVya~m Jm§Yr H$m Xohm§V ^r ¶ht hþAm Wm.

AJbr gw~h h‘ AnZr Jm‹S>r go ^r‘me§H$a Ho$ {bE {ZH$bo. nwUo go bJ^J 110 {H$‘r H$m g’$a gwIX Am¡a Amam‘Xm¶H$ ahm. amñVo ‘| EH$ ñWmZ Am¶m ‘§Ma. g~Zo dhm± Mm¶ nr. ‘oao ^rVa ~¡R>o eamaVr ~ƒo Zo OJh Ho$ Zm‘ H$mo ¶mX aIZo VwH$~§Xr {^‹S>mB© gmB{H$b n§Ma, nwUo ‘§Ma.

Mm¶ nr H$a h‘ ^r‘me§H$a Ho$ {bE AmJo {ZH$bo. ‘§Ma go bJ^J Vrg {H$bmo‘rQ>a H$s Xÿar na EH$ Amoa {edZoar H$m {H$bm h¡. H$me! nhbo nVm hmoVm {H$ N>Ìn{V {edmOr H$m OÝ‘ {Og {H$bo ‘| hþAm Wm, dhm± OmZo H$m amñVm h‘mao ^r‘me§H$a Ho$ nW Ho$ BVZo ZOXrH$ go H$Q>Vm h¡. na g‘¶ H$‘ Wm Am¡a {dMbZ H$s H$moB© Jw§OmBe Zht Wr. gmo h‘ AnZo A^rï> H$s Amoa ~‹T> Mbo. nhm‹S>r dݶjoÌ Ama§^ hmoZo bJm. ¶h joÌ ^r‘me§H$a Á¶mo{V{bªJ dݶOrd A^¶maʶ H$m {hñgm h¡.

O~ h‘ ^r‘me§H$a nhþ±Mo, ^r‹S> {~ëHw$b ^r Zht Wr. ¶h h‘mao nwUo go Abgw~h {ZH$bZo H$m µ’$m¶Xm Wm. ‘§{Xa Ho$ {bE H$m’$s gr{‹T>¶m± n¡Xb CVaZr n‹S>Vr h¢. XmoZm| Amoa ’y$b- àgmX, {JâQ> AmBQ>‘ Am¡a {‘R>mB¶m| H$s XþH$mZ| gOr hþB© Wr. ‘¢Zo EH$ XþH$mZ go ’y$b- àgmX {b¶m. "n¡go bm¡Q> H$a XoZm' nyOm go nhbo ’y$b H$s S>{b¶m H$m ‘yë¶ XoZo H$s ‘oar H$mo{ee H$mo Ag’$b H$aVr dh pñ‘V hmñ¶ gm±dbr ¶wdVr Zo H$hm. BVZr XþH$mZm| H$s ^r‹S> ‘| {H$g XþH$mZ go ’y$b- àgmX {b¶m h¡, ‘¢ ^wb¸$‹S> ¶mX H¡$go aIy±Jm, ‘oar ñdm^m{dH$ Xþ{dYm Wr. CgZo ‘amR>r dmbr {hÝXr ‘| ~Vm¶m {H$ g^r XþH$mZXma AnZr AnZr S>{b¶m nhMmZVo h¢, Bg{bE H$moB© g‘ñ¶m Zht hmoJr. ‘¢ {ZqüV hþAm. h‘ ZrMo CVa H$a ‘§{Xa àm§JU ‘| Om nhþ±Mo. ZmJa e¡br ‘| H$mbo nËWam| go {Z{‘©V ‘§{Xa AnZo nyao d¡^d Am¡a Jm¡ad Ho$ gmW I‹S>m Wm. BgH$m OrUm}Õma AR>mahdt gXr Ho$ A§V ‘| ZmZm ’$‹S>Zdrg Zo H$am¶m Wm, Omo AñV hmoVo noedmB© H$mo AnZo ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ g’$bVmnyd©H$ ~Mm aI nmZo ‘| g’$b hþ¶o Wo. na Bg à¶mg ‘| do ~‹S>o H$R>moa Am¡a Ag{hîUw hmoVo JE Wo Am¡a ‘hmXOr qeXo (qg{Y¶m) O¡go Hw$eb VWm gm‘϶©dmZ goZmn{V VH$ H$mo AnZm Ywa {damoYr ~Zm {b¶m Wm. ‘hmXOr Ho$ ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ Mma ~ag ~mX ZmZm H$m Xohm§V hþAm Am¡a BZ Xmo ‘O~yV ñV§^m| Ho$ T>h OmZo Ho$ gmW noedm ¶wJ H$s g‘m{á V¶ hmo JB©.

h‘ J^©J¥h Ho$ gm‘Zo pñWV ‘§S>n na ~¡R>o. dhm± V~ Hw$N> hr bmoJ Wo. ‘¢Zo ~¡R>o-~¡R>o J^©J¥h H$mo bú¶ H$a AnZm àUm‘ {Zdo{XV {H$¶m. {ed H$ë¶mUH$mar h¢, gw§Xa h¢, g˶ h¢. do ewÕ, n{dÌ Am¡a gd©‘wº$ h¢. do ‘mZd OrdZ Ho$ CZ CÔmÎm Ed§ loð> JwUm| Ho$ àVrH$ h¢, {OZHo$ {~Zm ‘Zwî¶ ~ohVa ~ZZo H$s amh na Zht Mb gH$Vm. V^r Vmo ¶Owd}X g§{hVm H$m ‘§Ì "VÝ‘o ‘Z: {edg§H$ën‘ñVw' H$s àmW©Zm H$aVm h¡, ‘oao ‘Z H$m g§H$ën ew^ hmo H$ë¶mUH$mar hmo. do g¥OZ go g§hma VH$, OrdZ go ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ OrdZ H$m dh ew^« àH$me h¡, Omo ‘mZdVm H$mo ghr {Xem {XImZo H$m H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, Cg na MbZo H$mo ào[aV H$aVm h¡. AZm{XH$mb go do AÀN>mB¶m| Am¡a ~wamB¶m| Ho$ ~rM Ho$ goVw aho h¢. do am‘ Ho$ ^r h¢ Am¡a amdU Ho$ ^r. AWd©doX Zo CÝh| e§H$a: Xþ:I VñH$a‘ H$h nwH$mam, do AnZo ^º$m| Ho$ Xþ:I H$s VñH$ar H$aVo h¢, CÝh| haVo h¢.

h‘mam H«$‘ AmZo na h‘ J^©J¥h JE Am¡a Xe©Z {H$¶m. V~ VH$ ^r‹S> Zht Wr, Bgr{bE Xodm{YXod H$m Xe©Z ~‹S>o gwHy$Z go hþAm.

Xe©Z H$a h‘ ~mha {ZH$bo {’$a Cg n{dÌ ‘§{Xa Ho$ àm§JU ‘| Ky‘Vo aho, Ohm± amdU Ho$ ^mB© Hw§$^H$U© Ho$ nwÌ ^r‘ H$m dY H$aZo ñd¶§ {ed H$mo àH$Q> hmoZm n‹S>m Wm. Aew^ e{º$¶m| Ho$ g§hmaH$ {ed Ho$ Cg AmJ‘Z Ho$ B{Vhmg H$mo h‘mao nyd©Om| Zo A~ VH$ AnZo VarHo$ go g±Omo H$a aIm h¡. nm¡am{UH$ B{Vhmg Ho$ g§ajU H$s ¶hr h‘mar {dbjU na§nam ahr h¡.

O~ h‘ dmng D$na OmZo Ho$ {bE gr{‹T>¶m| H$s Amoa JE, [a‘{P‘ ~m[ae ewê$ hmo JB© Wr Am¡a Xe©Zm{W©¶m| H$m {demb hþOy‘ C‘‹S>Zo bJm Wm. ^r‹S> H$s H$Vmam| Ho$ ~rM ‘¢Zo S>{b¶m bm¡Q>mZo Ho$ {bE g^r XþH$mZm| Ho$ ZrMo go D$na VH$ VrZ- Mma M¸$a bJmE {H$ÝVw Z Vmo dh ’y$b dmbr ¶wdVr {XIr Am¡a Z hr ‘¢ CgH$s XþH$mZ H$mo {MpÝhV H$a nm¶m. ‘wpíH$b V~ hþB©, O~ g^r XþH$mZXmam| Zo S>{b¶m H$mo AnZm ‘mZZo Am¡a n¡go boZo go BZH$ma H$a {X¶m. ‘aVm Š¶m Z H$aVm! A§XmO go CgH$s XþH$mZ H$m A§XmOm H$a ‘¢ dhm± Ho$ EH$ XþH$mZXma Ho$ nmg J¶m Am¡a Cgo Cg ¶wdVr H$m hþ{b¶m ~Vm, S>{b¶m Am¡a ‘yë¶ gm¢n Am¶m.

¶ht ^r‘m ZXr Ho$ CÒ‘ Ho$ Abmdm Aݶ Hw$N>oH$ Xe©Zr¶ ñWb ^r h¢. {H$ÝVw h‘mao nmg g‘¶ H$‘ Wm Am¡a D$na AmZo VH$ ~m[ae VoO hmo JB© Wr. ^rJVo hþ¶o h‘ Jm‹S>r ‘| ~¡R>o Am¡a {ga VH$ PwH$ AmE ~mXbm| H$s AR>Io{b¶m| H$m ¶mXJma AmZ§X boVo hþ¶o dmng nwUo Ho$ {bE {ZH$b n‹S>o.

à{V^y ~ZOujo.H$m., {~bmgnwa

nwUo bmoH$‘mݶ ~mb J§JmYa {VbH$ H$s H$‘©^y{‘ ^r h¡. CÝhm|Zo ¶ht

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 27A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

¶mÌm g¥OZ

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28 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ28 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> Ho$ {H$bo^maV Ho$ n{ü‘r {hñgo ‘| pñWV h¡ h‘mam ‘hmamï´>! ‘hmamï´> H$m gm§ñH¥${VH$ OrdZ, àmMrZ ^maVr¶ g§ñH¥${V, gä¶Vm Am¡a Eo{Vhm{gH$ KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ à^mdm| H$m {‘lU h¡. Bg amÁ¶ H$m EH$ Jm¡adembr B{Vhmg h¡. ‘hmamï´> AnZo Iy~gyaV n¶©Q>Z joÌm| Ho$ gmW hr {H$bm| Ho$ {bE ^r OmZm OmVm h¡. Xoe ‘| gdm©{YH$ {H$bo Bgr amÁ¶ ‘| pñWV h¡. ‘hmamï´> ‘| bJ^J 350 {H$bo h¢, Bg{bE ¶h H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ {H$bo ‘hmamï´> H$s J[a‘m h¢ BZ‘| go A{YH$m§e {H$bm| H$m {Z‘m©U ‘hmZ ‘amR>m emgH$ N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo {H$¶m Wm. H$B© {H$bm| ‘| bmoho, Vm§~o Am¡a nrVb H$s ~Zr H$B© Vmon| ^r XoIr Om gH$Vr h¢. ‘hmamï´> Ho$ {H$bo h‘oem n¶©Q>H$m| H$mo AmH¥$ï> H$aVo h¡. ¶h h‘mam àmMrZ Jm¡adembr B{Vhmg h¡ Omo H$^r g§nÞ Wm, geº$ Wm. g^r {H$bm| H$s AnZr EH$ AbJ JmWm h¡, ‘hËd h¡ Am¡a Jm¡ad h¡, Omo AmO ^r VQ>ñW I‹S>o ahH$a AnZm AZw^d h‘mao gmW gmPm H$aVo h¢.

Hw$‘wX T>mH$Zo

jo. H$m., Zm{gH$

~«måh{Jar, Zm{gH$ ^wBH$moQ>, ‘mboJmd nam§S>m, Cñ‘mZm~mX

h[aha, Zm{gH$

h[aüÝÐ, Ah‘XZJa

aVZJ‹T>, Ah‘XZJa

‘hmamï´> Ho$ {H$bo

29A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 29A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

nam§S>m, Cñ‘mZm~mX

Am¡gm, bmVya

Am¢Y, bmVya

H§$Xma {H$bm, Zm§Xo‹S

ZbXþJ©, gmobmnwa

‘mhþa, Zm§Xo‹S>

‘hmamï´> Ho$ {H$bo

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‘hmamï´> Ho$ {H$bo^maV Ho$ n{ü‘r {hñgo ‘| pñWV h¡ h‘mam ‘hmamï´>! ‘hmamï´> H$m gm§ñH¥${VH$ OrdZ, àmMrZ ^maVr¶ g§ñH¥${V, gä¶Vm Am¡a Eo{Vhm{gH$ KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ à^mdm| H$m {‘lU h¡. Bg amÁ¶ H$m EH$ Jm¡adembr B{Vhmg h¡. ‘hmamï´> AnZo Iy~gyaV n¶©Q>Z joÌm| Ho$ gmW hr {H$bm| Ho$ {bE ^r OmZm OmVm h¡. Xoe ‘| gdm©{YH$ {H$bo Bgr amÁ¶ ‘| pñWV h¡. ‘hmamï´> ‘| bJ^J 350 {H$bo h¢, Bg{bE ¶h H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ {H$bo ‘hmamï´> H$s J[a‘m h¢ BZ‘| go A{YH$m§e {H$bm| H$m {Z‘m©U ‘hmZ ‘amR>m emgH$ N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo {H$¶m Wm. H$B© {H$bm| ‘| bmoho, Vm§~o Am¡a nrVb H$s ~Zr H$B© Vmon| ^r XoIr Om gH$Vr h¢. ‘hmamï´> Ho$ {H$bo h‘oem n¶©Q>H$m| H$mo AmH¥$ï> H$aVo h¡. ¶h h‘mam àmMrZ Jm¡adembr B{Vhmg h¡ Omo H$^r g§nÞ Wm, geº$ Wm. g^r {H$bm| H$s AnZr EH$ AbJ JmWm h¡, ‘hËd h¡ Am¡a Jm¡ad h¡, Omo AmO ^r VQ>ñW I‹S>o ahH$a AnZm AZw^d h‘mao gmW gmPm H$aVo h¢.

Hw$‘wX T>mH$Zo

jo. H$m., Zm{gH$

~«måh{Jar, Zm{gH$ ^wBH$moQ>, ‘mboJmd nam§S>m, Cñ‘mZm~mX

h[aha, Zm{gH$

h[aüÝÐ, Ah‘XZJa

aVZJ‹T>, Ah‘XZJa

‘hmamï´> Ho$ {H$bo

29A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 29A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

nam§S>m, Cñ‘mZm~mX

Am¡gm, bmVya

Am¢Y, bmVya

H§$Xma {H$bm, Zm§Xo‹S

ZbXþJ©, gmobmnwa

‘mhþa, Zm§Xo‹S>

‘hmamï´> Ho$ {H$bo

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30 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

~m°å~o go ~§~B© hþAm, ~§~B© go ‘w§~B©, na ™dm~m| Ho$ eha H$s am¡ZH$ Z V~ H$‘ Wr, Z A~ H$‘ hþB©. ‘¢ AŠga AnZmo XmoñVm| go ~mV| H$aVo hþ¶o H$hm H$aVm hÿ§ {H$ Xoe ‘| eha ~hþV go h¢, ‘oJm {gQ>r ^r ~hþV gr h¢, bo{H$Z nyao Xoe ‘| {gµ’©$ EH$ eha hr Eogm h¡ Omo Zm‘, OZg§»¶m, y-^mJ, AmYma yV-g§aMZm ‘| eha hmoZo Ho$ gmW-gmW eha hmoZo H$m eD$a ^r aIVm h¡. ‘w§~B©, ¶o gwZVo hr gdmb CR>Vm h¡ {H$ Xoe Ho$ A{YH$Va eha AnZr Aì¶dñWmAm| go Am{µOO h¢, ehar à~§YZ bJ^J ’o$b hmo J¶m h¡, Eogo ‘| ¶o eha H¡$go AnZo A§Xa BVZm Hw$N> boH$a ^r Xm¡‹S>Vm-^mJVm ahVm h¡? Aݶ ~‹S>o eham| ‘| Omo Aì¶dñWmE§ h¢ dmo ¶hm§ h¢, Aݶ ^maVr¶ eham| O¡gm àXÿfU, K§Q>m| b§~o Om‘, OrdZ H$s Amnm- Ymnr, ‘h§JmB©, ZJa {Z¶moOZ H$s naoem{Z¶m§, H$Mao H$m à~§YZ, OZg§»¶m H$s gKZVm, OZg§»¶m Ho$ gmnoj BÝ’«$mñQ>ŠMa H$s H$‘r, g~ Hw$N> h¡ ¶hm§, bo{H$Z CgHo$ ~mX ^r ¶h eha CZ Aì¶dñWmAm| Ho$ hb ñd¶§ hr {ZH$mb boVm h¡. Am¡a hm§, ¶h g~ EH$ {XZ ‘| Zht hþAm, eha H$mo ¶o eD$a dhm§ Ho$ ‘w§~B©H$am| Zo {X¶m h¡ Omo CÝh| nr‹T>r Xa nr‹T>r g¡H$‹S>m| gmbm| ‘| AnZo ~mn-XmXmAm| go {‘bVm ahm h¡.

‘w§~B©: ì¶dpñWV Aì¶dñWmAm| H$m eha

‘w§~B© ‘| eam~ H$s XþH$mZ Ho$ ~mha, ~ma Ho$ ~mha ¶m amV ‘| MbVr Q>oZ, Am°Q>mo, Q>¡Šgr ha OJh AmnH$mo eam~ nrZo dmbo {‘b gH$Vo h¢, {gJaoQ> nrZo dmbo {‘b gH$Vo h¢ ¶m Amdmam {‘µOmO r {‘b|Jo, bo{H$Z Eogm ~hþV H$‘ hmoJm O~ {H$gr ‘{hbm ¶m nwéf H$mo AghO pñW{V H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>o, O~{H$ Xoe Ho$ {H$gr Aݶ {hñgo ‘| Amn Cº$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| {ZH$bVo hþ¶o ^r H$B© ~ma gmoM|Jo. H$moB© ^r Am‘ ‘w§~B©H$a AmnH$mo gw~h-em‘ aobdo ñQ>oeZ H$s {Q>H$Q> pI‹S>H$s na, XÿY H$s S>o¶ar ‘|, ~g ñQ>¢S> na, ¶hm§ VH$ {H$ eam~ H$s XþH$mZm| na r EH$ grYr bmBZ ‘| I‹S>m hþAm {‘b OmEJm. ‘w§~B© H$m ¶hr {gñQ>‘ h¡.

‘oar ZµOa ‘| ‘w§~B© eha ‘| EH$ {gñQ>‘o{Q>H$ Ho$¶m°g h¡. AmnH$mo bJoJm {H$ ¶o XmoZm| eãX {damoYm^mgr h¢ {’$a ^r ‘¢Zo EH$ gmW BñVo‘mb {H$¶o h¢, Š¶m|? AmnH$mo AOr~ bJ ahm hmoJm ! bo{H$Z XaAgb ‘w§~B© H$m

M[aÌ ^r EH$X‘ Eogm hr h¡, {damoYm^mgr Am¡a ¶h {damoYm^mg hr Bg eha H$mo Xoe Ho$ Aݶ eham| go AbJ H$aVm h¢. ¶h {damoYm^mg hr Bg eha H$mo ‘¡{OH$b {gQ>r ~ZmVo h¢. {damoYm^mg Eogo {H$ {dama go MM©JoQ> VH$, grEgE‘Q>r go H$ë¶mU VH$ Ohm§ ^r XopI¶o JJZMw§~r AÅ>m{bH$mE§ h¢, bo{H$Z BÝht AÅ>m{bH$mAm| Ho$ ~rM µH$Vam-µH$Vam g‘§Xa ‘| g‘mVr ~pñV¶m§ ^r h¢. ~m°brdwS> H$s M‘H$Vr Xþ{Z¶m h¡ Am¡a Cgr Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ ~rM Ymamdr H$s A§Yoar-~§X J{b¶m§ ^r h¢. Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ g~go ~‹S>o aB©gm| ‘| em{‘b ~‹S>o-~‹S>o CÚmoJn{V¶m| Ho$ ~rM g‹S>H$ na gmoH$a {µOXJr {~Vm XoZo dmbo {Xhm‹S>r ‘OXÿa ^r h¢. ‘mbm~ma {hb, nmbr {hb Ho$ nm°e ~§Jbo ^r h¢ Am¡a N>moQ>r gr Imobr ‘| ahH$a Iwer go OrZo dmbo ‘w§~B©H$a ^r. ‘w§~B© H$m b¢S>ñHo$n Am¡a Am{H©$Q>oŠMa ^r {damoYm^mgm| go ^am hþAm h¡. ‘w§~B© ‘| {dŠQ>mo[a¶Z Jm°{WH$ Am{H©$Q>oŠMa go boH$a B§S>mo-Aao{~H$, AmQ>© S>oH$mo, Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ Am{H©$Q>oŠMa g^r Vah Ho$ Am{H©$Q>oŠMa Ho$ XrXma hmoVo h¢. {dŠQ>mo[a¶Z Jm°{WH$ e¡br H$s à‘wI B‘maVm| ‘| AmO H$m N>Ìn{V {edmOr Q>{‘©Zg (nhbo {dŠQ>mo[a¶m Q>{‘©Zg), ‘w§~B© ‘hmnm{bH$m ^dZ, ‘w§~B© {dœ{dÚmb¶ H$m ’$moQ>© H¢$ng, H$mbm Kmo‹S>m H$m dm°Q>gZ hmoQ>b h¢, dht B§S>mo-Aao{~H$ e¡br H$s à‘wI B‘maVm| ‘| N>Ìn{V {edmOr dmñVw H$bm g§J«hmb¶, JoQ>do Am°’$ B§{S>¶m, VmO hmoQ>b, B˶m{X h¢ Vmo AmQ>© S>oH$mo e¡br H$s B‘maVm| ‘| Ohm§Jra AmQ>© J¡bar, ‘w§~B© Cƒ ݶm¶mb¶, âbmoam ’$mC§Q>oZ, arJb {gZo‘m Am¡a ‘oQ>mo {gZo‘m B˶m{X à‘wI h¢. AmYw{ZH$ e¡br H$s B‘maVm| ‘| ~m°å~o ñQ>m°H$ EŠgM|O g~go ~‹S>m Zm‘ h¡.

‘w§~B© H$mo H$moB© gnZm| H$m eha H$hVm h¡, H$moB© Xm¡bV‘§Xm| H$m, H$moB© hmXgm| H$m eha H$hVm h¡ Vmo H$moB© H$mamo~ma H$m, bo{H$Z Wmo‹S>m R>haH$a XoIm OmE Vmo Amn nmE§Jo {H$ Bg eha H$mo H$moB© ^r Zm‘ Xo Xmo dh Cg Zm‘ Ho$ ‘wVm{~µH$ hr {XIVm h¡. ‘w§~B© Xm¡bV‘§Xm| H$m eha Bg{bE h¡ Š¶m|{H$ Xoe ‘| g~go µÁ¶mXm H$‘mZo dmbo bmoJ Bgr eha ‘| h¢ (‘w§~B© H$s à{V ì¶{º$ Am¶ Xoe ‘| g~go µÁ¶mXm h¡), ‘w§~B© gnZm| H$m eha Bg{bE h¡ Š¶m|{H$ ¶hm§ Adgam| H$s ^a‘ma h¡, bmoJ Imbr hmW AmVo h¢ Am¡a Yrao-Yrao ‘w§~B© ‘| hr O‘ OmVo h¢. pñdg {Zdoe ~¢H$ ¶y~rEg H$s 2018 ‘| AmB© EH$ [anmoQ>© Ho$ AZwgma ‘w§~B©H$a gmb ‘| Am¡gVZ 3, 314.7 K§Q>o H$m‘

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31A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 31A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

H$aVm h¡, Omo Xþ{Z¶m ‘| g~go µÁ¶mXm h¡. em¶X Bgr{b¶o bmoJ ‘w§~B© H$mo H$^r Z éH$Zo dmbm eha H$hVo h¢, {OÝhm|Zo ‘w§~B© H$mo µH$ar~ go XoIm Am¡a {O¶m h¡ dmo OmZVo h¢ {H$ ‘w§~B© H$s OmZ bmoH$b Q>oZ Ho$ n{h¶o amV 1 ~Oo W‘Vo h¢ Am¡a {gµ’©$ 3 K§Q>o ~mX dmng Xm¡‹S>Zo bJVo h¢.

7 N>moQ>o Q>mnwAm| H$mo {‘bmH$a gdm 3 H$amo‹S> H$s Am~mXr dmbm ¶h eha 600 dJ© {H$bmo‘rQ>a go µÁ¶mXm joÌ’$b ‘| ’¡$bm h¡ Am¡a Bg eha H$m {Xb ^r g‘§Xa O¡gm h¡. {H$gr ^r ZE AmX‘r H$mo bmoH$b Q>oZm| Am¡a g‹S>H$m| na ~o{hgm~ ^r‹S> Am¡a g‹S>H$m| na Jm{‹S>¶m| H$m emoaJwb XoIH$a bJoJm {H$ ¶h eha CgHo$ {b¶o Zht h¡, bo{H$Z AJa AmnZo ewéAmVr Hw$N> gmb ‘w§~B© ‘| JwµOma {b¶o Vmo ¶µH$sZ ‘m{Z¶o Bg eha go AmnH$mo ߶ma hmo OmEJm. Bggo H$moB© µ’$µH©$ Zht n‹S>Vm {H$ Amn {H$VZm H$‘mVo h¢, ‘w§~B© g~H$m noQ> ^aVr h¡. ‘w§~B© Xoe H$m AHo$bm Eogm eha h¡ Ohm§ Amn XmE§-~mE§ Zht XoI gH$Vo, {gµ’©$ AmJo ¶m {’$a nrN>o XoI gH$Vo h¢. ¶m Vmo Amn D$na XoI gH$Vo h¢ ¶m {’$a ZrMo. ¶m{Z ‘w§~B© AmZo Ho$ ~mX AmnHo$ nmg ~rM H$m amñVm Zht hmoVm.

‘oao {b¶o Vmo nyar ‘w§~B© hr g§ñH¥${V h¡. ‘w§~B© Ho$ {S>ã~m dmbo, {dama bmoH$b ‘| MbZo dmbr H$sV©Z ‘§S>br, ‘{hbmAm| H$s bmoH$b Q>oZ dmbr Q>mo{b¶m§, bmoH$b ‘| ‘ZmB© OmZo dmbr hmobr Am¡a Xrdmbr ¶o g~ {H$gr Ho$ {b¶o EH$ KQ>Zm hmo gH$Vr h¡, bo{H$Z bmoH$b Q>oZ ‘w§~B©H$am| H$s g§ñH¥${V ‘| hr em{‘b h¡. Bg{b¶o h‘ ‘w§~B© ‘| AmJo H$s ¶mÌm Bgr bmoH$b go, bmoH$b ‘w§~B©H$a H$s Vah H$a|Jo. h‘ AnZr ¶mÌm Eogr OJhm| VH$ gr{‘V aI|Jo Omo ~hþV go bmoJm| Ho$ {b¶o AmO VH$ AZOmZ h¢.

hm~©a bmBZ: grEgE‘Q>r go ~m§Ðm dm¶m ‘PJm§d

‘w§~B© H$m grEgE‘Q>r aobdo ñQ>oeZ Am¡a ‘w§~B© H$s bmoH$b Q>oZ h‘mar ¶mÌm ewê$ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o g~go ghr OJh h¡, Š¶m|{H$ EH$ Vmo ¶h Eo{Vhm{gH$ Am¡a y~gyaV B‘maV h¡, Cg na ^maV H$s nhbr ¶mÌr Q>oZ ^r Bgr ñQ>oeZ go Mbr Wr.

~m§Ðm OmZo dmbr hm~©a bmBZ H$s bmoH$b Q>oZ ‘pñOX Am¡a g¢S>hñQ>© amoS> hmoVo hþ¶o S>m°H$¶mS>© amoS> nhþ§Mr Am¡a h‘ ¶hm§ CVa JE h¢. AmJo H$m gµ’$a Zdm~ Q>¢H$ amoS> H$s Vaµ’$ n¡Xb hr V¶ H$aZm h¡. µH$ar~ 500 ‘rQ>a n¡Xb MbZo Ho$ ~mX h‘ Eogr OJh nhþ§Mo Omo ‘w§~B© ‘| hmoZo Ho$ ~mX ^r ‘w§~B© go AbJ h¡. ¶o EH$ MrZr ‘§{Xa h¡ Omo ^maV ‘| pñW{V AHo$bm MrZr ‘§{Xa

h¡, {Ogo Hw$dmZ Hw§$J ‘§{Xa Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡. ¶o ‘§{Xa ¶hm§ ahZo dmbo CZ MrZr ì¶mnm[a¶m| Zo ~Zm¶m Wm Omo 1962 go nhbo VH$ ¶hm§ ahH$a ì¶mnma {H$¶m H$aVo Wo.

h‘mam AJbm n‹S>md h¡ n{ü‘r bmBZ H$m ~m§Ðm bmoH$b ñQ>oeZ! amñVo ‘| AmnH$mo nhbm ñQ>oeZ ao amoS> {‘boJm. ao amoS> BbmµHo$ ‘| ‘ehÿa {~pñH$Q> H§$nZr {~«Q>m{Z¶m H$m ~‹S>m H$maImZm h¡, ¶o BbmµH$m bmoho Ho$ H$mamo~m[a¶m| go ^am n‹S>m h¡. ¶hm§ {en ~«oqH$J CÚmoJ go Ow‹S>o ~‹S>o H$mamo~ma ^r h¢. ao amoS> ñQ>oeZ H$s {~pëS§>J ^r ‘w§~B© Ho$ 4 ho[aQ>oO ñQ>oeZm| ‘| go EH$ h¡. ao amoS> Ho$ ~mX H$m°Q>Z J«rZ AmEJm Omo 70-80 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| H$m°Q>Z Ho$ JmoXm‘m| Am¡a H$m°Q>Z EŠgM|O Ho$ {b¶o OmZm OmVm Wm. ¶hr dmo BbmµH$m h¡ Ohm§ EH$ dµŠV ‘w§~B© H$mo ‘ehÿa A§S>adëS>© S>m°Z AéU Jdbr Am°naoQ> H$aVm Wm. AJbm ñQ>oeZ {ed‹S>r h¡ Omo noQ>moHo${‘H$b CÚmoJ Ho$ {b¶o OmZm OmVm h¡, ¶o BbmµH$m àdmgr njr âboq‘Jmo H$s eaUñWbr ^r h¡ Š¶m|{H$ BgH$m ~hþV ~‹S>m {hñgm XbXbr h¡. ‘w§~B© H$s ‘ehÿa 4 boZ aµ’$s Ah‘X {H$XdB© amoS> ¶ht go ewê$ hmoVr h¡. {ed‹S>r go dS>mbm Am¡a qH$J gH©$b hmoVo hþ¶o h‘ ‘m{h‘ Am¡a {’$a ~m§Ðm nhþ§M|Jo. ‘m{h‘ n{ü‘r Am¡a hm~©a bmBZ H$m O§³eZ h¡ gmW hr ‘w§~B© Ho$ 7 ‘w»¶ Ûrnm| ‘| go Am{˜ar h¡. A~ h‘ ~m§Ðm CVa MwHo$ h¢ Omo {H$ ho[aQ>oO ñQ>oeZ ^r h¡, ~m§Ðm n{ü‘ ‘| ~m°brdwS> Ho$ ~hþV go H$bmH$ma r ahVo h¢. emhéI ImZ, g{MZ V|XþbH$a, gb‘mZ ˜mZ Ho$ Ka Bgr BbmµHo$ ‘| h¢. h‘ BZHo$ Ka Zht XoI|Jo h‘ Mb|Jo aZdma {dboO Omo ‘w§~B© ‘| nwV©Jm{b¶m| Ho$ H$mb H$m OrVm- OmJVm CXmhaU h¡. ‘w§~B© Ho$ ~m§Ðm ñQ>oeZ go h‘ H$mbr-nrbr Q>¡Šgr b|Jo Omo ‘w§~B© H$s n[adhZ g§ñH¥${V ‘| bmoH$b Q>oZ Ho$ ~mX g~go µÁ¶mXm aMm ~gm h¡. O¡go hr h‘mar Q>¡Šgr damoS>m amoS> go Wmo‹S>m AmJo {ZH$br Eo{Vhm{gH$ B‘maVm| H$s OJh ~§Jbo, MM©, ñ¹$m°¶a, ‘wh„o, {g{‘Q>r, ñQ>rQ²g {XIZo bJo Vmo g‘{P¶o Amn aZdma {dboO Am JE h¢. aZdma {dboO ‘w§~B© Ho$ CZ V‘m‘ {hñgm| ‘| go EH$ h¡ {OÝh| ~mµH$s H$s ‘w§~B© H$s Vah mJZo H$s OëXr Zht h¡. ¶hm§ OrdZ ñbmo h¡. H$bm ào{‘¶m| Ho$ {b¶o ¶o ñdJ© O¡gm h¡, ¶hm§ Ho$ nwamZo {Zdm{g¶m| Zo AnZo ~§Jbm| Am¡a Kam| H$mo J«¡{’$Q>r Am¡a ~‹S>r ~‹S>r dm°b n|qQ>J go gOmH$a aIm h¡. ¶hm§ Ho$ ~‹S>o-~‹S>o ~§Jbo, MM© Am¡a Iy~ gmao no‹S> nm¡Yo, n{j¶m| H$s MhMhmhQ> ¶hm§ go 300 ‘rQ>a Xÿa H$s ‘w§~B© go {~ëHw$b AbJ h¡.

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~m°å~o go ~§~B© hþAm, ~§~B© go ‘w§~B©, na ™dm~m| Ho$ eha H$s am¡ZH$ Z V~ H$‘ Wr, Z A~ H$‘ hþB©. ‘¢ AŠga AnZmo XmoñVm| go ~mV| H$aVo hþ¶o H$hm H$aVm hÿ§ {H$ Xoe ‘| eha ~hþV go h¢, ‘oJm {gQ>r ^r ~hþV gr h¢, bo{H$Z nyao Xoe ‘| {gµ’©$ EH$ eha hr Eogm h¡ Omo Zm‘, OZg§»¶m, y-^mJ, AmYma yV-g§aMZm ‘| eha hmoZo Ho$ gmW-gmW eha hmoZo H$m eD$a ^r aIVm h¡. ‘w§~B©, ¶o gwZVo hr gdmb CR>Vm h¡ {H$ Xoe Ho$ A{YH$Va eha AnZr Aì¶dñWmAm| go Am{µOO h¢, ehar à~§YZ bJ^J ’o$b hmo J¶m h¡, Eogo ‘| ¶o eha H¡$go AnZo A§Xa BVZm Hw$N> boH$a ^r Xm¡‹S>Vm-^mJVm ahVm h¡? Aݶ ~‹S>o eham| ‘| Omo Aì¶dñWmE§ h¢ dmo ¶hm§ h¢, Aݶ ^maVr¶ eham| O¡gm àXÿfU, K§Q>m| b§~o Om‘, OrdZ H$s Amnm- Ymnr, ‘h§JmB©, ZJa {Z¶moOZ H$s naoem{Z¶m§, H$Mao H$m à~§YZ, OZg§»¶m H$s gKZVm, OZg§»¶m Ho$ gmnoj BÝ’«$mñQ>ŠMa H$s H$‘r, g~ Hw$N> h¡ ¶hm§, bo{H$Z CgHo$ ~mX ^r ¶h eha CZ Aì¶dñWmAm| Ho$ hb ñd¶§ hr {ZH$mb boVm h¡. Am¡a hm§, ¶h g~ EH$ {XZ ‘| Zht hþAm, eha H$mo ¶o eD$a dhm§ Ho$ ‘w§~B©H$am| Zo {X¶m h¡ Omo CÝh| nr‹T>r Xa nr‹T>r g¡H$‹S>m| gmbm| ‘| AnZo ~mn-XmXmAm| go {‘bVm ahm h¡.

‘w§~B©: ì¶dpñWV Aì¶dñWmAm| H$m eha

‘w§~B© ‘| eam~ H$s XþH$mZ Ho$ ~mha, ~ma Ho$ ~mha ¶m amV ‘| MbVr Q>oZ, Am°Q>mo, Q>¡Šgr ha OJh AmnH$mo eam~ nrZo dmbo {‘b gH$Vo h¢, {gJaoQ> nrZo dmbo {‘b gH$Vo h¢ ¶m Amdmam {‘µOmO r {‘b|Jo, bo{H$Z Eogm ~hþV H$‘ hmoJm O~ {H$gr ‘{hbm ¶m nwéf H$mo AghO pñW{V H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>o, O~{H$ Xoe Ho$ {H$gr Aݶ {hñgo ‘| Amn Cº$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| {ZH$bVo hþ¶o ^r H$B© ~ma gmoM|Jo. H$moB© ^r Am‘ ‘w§~B©H$a AmnH$mo gw~h-em‘ aobdo ñQ>oeZ H$s {Q>H$Q> pI‹S>H$s na, XÿY H$s S>o¶ar ‘|, ~g ñQ>¢S> na, ¶hm§ VH$ {H$ eam~ H$s XþH$mZm| na r EH$ grYr bmBZ ‘| I‹S>m hþAm {‘b OmEJm. ‘w§~B© H$m ¶hr {gñQ>‘ h¡.

‘oar ZµOa ‘| ‘w§~B© eha ‘| EH$ {gñQ>‘o{Q>H$ Ho$¶m°g h¡. AmnH$mo bJoJm {H$ ¶o XmoZm| eãX {damoYm^mgr h¢ {’$a ^r ‘¢Zo EH$ gmW BñVo‘mb {H$¶o h¢, Š¶m|? AmnH$mo AOr~ bJ ahm hmoJm ! bo{H$Z XaAgb ‘w§~B© H$m

M[aÌ ^r EH$X‘ Eogm hr h¡, {damoYm^mgr Am¡a ¶h {damoYm^mg hr Bg eha H$mo Xoe Ho$ Aݶ eham| go AbJ H$aVm h¢. ¶h {damoYm^mg hr Bg eha H$mo ‘¡{OH$b {gQ>r ~ZmVo h¢. {damoYm^mg Eogo {H$ {dama go MM©JoQ> VH$, grEgE‘Q>r go H$ë¶mU VH$ Ohm§ ^r XopI¶o JJZMw§~r AÅ>m{bH$mE§ h¢, bo{H$Z BÝht AÅ>m{bH$mAm| Ho$ ~rM µH$Vam-µH$Vam g‘§Xa ‘| g‘mVr ~pñV¶m§ ^r h¢. ~m°brdwS> H$s M‘H$Vr Xþ{Z¶m h¡ Am¡a Cgr Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ ~rM Ymamdr H$s A§Yoar-~§X J{b¶m§ ^r h¢. Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ g~go ~‹S>o aB©gm| ‘| em{‘b ~‹S>o-~‹S>o CÚmoJn{V¶m| Ho$ ~rM g‹S>H$ na gmoH$a {µOXJr {~Vm XoZo dmbo {Xhm‹S>r ‘OXÿa ^r h¢. ‘mbm~ma {hb, nmbr {hb Ho$ nm°e ~§Jbo ^r h¢ Am¡a N>moQ>r gr Imobr ‘| ahH$a Iwer go OrZo dmbo ‘w§~B©H$a ^r. ‘w§~B© H$m b¢S>ñHo$n Am¡a Am{H©$Q>oŠMa ^r {damoYm^mgm| go ^am hþAm h¡. ‘w§~B© ‘| {dŠQ>mo[a¶Z Jm°{WH$ Am{H©$Q>oŠMa go boH$a B§S>mo-Aao{~H$, AmQ>© S>oH$mo, Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ Am{H©$Q>oŠMa g^r Vah Ho$ Am{H©$Q>oŠMa Ho$ XrXma hmoVo h¢. {dŠQ>mo[a¶Z Jm°{WH$ e¡br H$s à‘wI B‘maVm| ‘| AmO H$m N>Ìn{V {edmOr Q>{‘©Zg (nhbo {dŠQ>mo[a¶m Q>{‘©Zg), ‘w§~B© ‘hmnm{bH$m ^dZ, ‘w§~B© {dœ{dÚmb¶ H$m ’$moQ>© H¢$ng, H$mbm Kmo‹S>m H$m dm°Q>gZ hmoQ>b h¢, dht B§S>mo-Aao{~H$ e¡br H$s à‘wI B‘maVm| ‘| N>Ìn{V {edmOr dmñVw H$bm g§J«hmb¶, JoQ>do Am°’$ B§{S>¶m, VmO hmoQ>b, B˶m{X h¢ Vmo AmQ>© S>oH$mo e¡br H$s B‘maVm| ‘| Ohm§Jra AmQ>© J¡bar, ‘w§~B© Cƒ ݶm¶mb¶, âbmoam ’$mC§Q>oZ, arJb {gZo‘m Am¡a ‘oQ>mo {gZo‘m B˶m{X à‘wI h¢. AmYw{ZH$ e¡br H$s B‘maVm| ‘| ~m°å~o ñQ>m°H$ EŠgM|O g~go ~‹S>m Zm‘ h¡.

‘w§~B© H$mo H$moB© gnZm| H$m eha H$hVm h¡, H$moB© Xm¡bV‘§Xm| H$m, H$moB© hmXgm| H$m eha H$hVm h¡ Vmo H$moB© H$mamo~ma H$m, bo{H$Z Wmo‹S>m R>haH$a XoIm OmE Vmo Amn nmE§Jo {H$ Bg eha H$mo H$moB© ^r Zm‘ Xo Xmo dh Cg Zm‘ Ho$ ‘wVm{~µH$ hr {XIVm h¡. ‘w§~B© Xm¡bV‘§Xm| H$m eha Bg{bE h¡ Š¶m|{H$ Xoe ‘| g~go µÁ¶mXm H$‘mZo dmbo bmoJ Bgr eha ‘| h¢ (‘w§~B© H$s à{V ì¶{º$ Am¶ Xoe ‘| g~go µÁ¶mXm h¡), ‘w§~B© gnZm| H$m eha Bg{bE h¡ Š¶m|{H$ ¶hm§ Adgam| H$s ^a‘ma h¡, bmoJ Imbr hmW AmVo h¢ Am¡a Yrao-Yrao ‘w§~B© ‘| hr O‘ OmVo h¢. pñdg {Zdoe ~¢H$ ¶y~rEg H$s 2018 ‘| AmB© EH$ [anmoQ>© Ho$ AZwgma ‘w§~B©H$a gmb ‘| Am¡gVZ 3, 314.7 K§Q>o H$m‘

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31A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 31A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

H$aVm h¡, Omo Xþ{Z¶m ‘| g~go µÁ¶mXm h¡. em¶X Bgr{b¶o bmoJ ‘w§~B© H$mo H$^r Z éH$Zo dmbm eha H$hVo h¢, {OÝhm|Zo ‘w§~B© H$mo µH$ar~ go XoIm Am¡a {O¶m h¡ dmo OmZVo h¢ {H$ ‘w§~B© H$s OmZ bmoH$b Q>oZ Ho$ n{h¶o amV 1 ~Oo W‘Vo h¢ Am¡a {gµ’©$ 3 K§Q>o ~mX dmng Xm¡‹S>Zo bJVo h¢.

7 N>moQ>o Q>mnwAm| H$mo {‘bmH$a gdm 3 H$amo‹S> H$s Am~mXr dmbm ¶h eha 600 dJ© {H$bmo‘rQ>a go µÁ¶mXm joÌ’$b ‘| ’¡$bm h¡ Am¡a Bg eha H$m {Xb ^r g‘§Xa O¡gm h¡. {H$gr ^r ZE AmX‘r H$mo bmoH$b Q>oZm| Am¡a g‹S>H$m| na ~o{hgm~ ^r‹S> Am¡a g‹S>H$m| na Jm{‹S>¶m| H$m emoaJwb XoIH$a bJoJm {H$ ¶h eha CgHo$ {b¶o Zht h¡, bo{H$Z AJa AmnZo ewéAmVr Hw$N> gmb ‘w§~B© ‘| JwµOma {b¶o Vmo ¶µH$sZ ‘m{Z¶o Bg eha go AmnH$mo ߶ma hmo OmEJm. Bggo H$moB© µ’$µH©$ Zht n‹S>Vm {H$ Amn {H$VZm H$‘mVo h¢, ‘w§~B© g~H$m noQ> ^aVr h¡. ‘w§~B© Xoe H$m AHo$bm Eogm eha h¡ Ohm§ Amn XmE§-~mE§ Zht XoI gH$Vo, {gµ’©$ AmJo ¶m {’$a nrN>o XoI gH$Vo h¢. ¶m Vmo Amn D$na XoI gH$Vo h¢ ¶m {’$a ZrMo. ¶m{Z ‘w§~B© AmZo Ho$ ~mX AmnHo$ nmg ~rM H$m amñVm Zht hmoVm.

‘oao {b¶o Vmo nyar ‘w§~B© hr g§ñH¥${V h¡. ‘w§~B© Ho$ {S>ã~m dmbo, {dama bmoH$b ‘| MbZo dmbr H$sV©Z ‘§S>br, ‘{hbmAm| H$s bmoH$b Q>oZ dmbr Q>mo{b¶m§, bmoH$b ‘| ‘ZmB© OmZo dmbr hmobr Am¡a Xrdmbr ¶o g~ {H$gr Ho$ {b¶o EH$ KQ>Zm hmo gH$Vr h¡, bo{H$Z bmoH$b Q>oZ ‘w§~B©H$am| H$s g§ñH¥${V ‘| hr em{‘b h¡. Bg{b¶o h‘ ‘w§~B© ‘| AmJo H$s ¶mÌm Bgr bmoH$b go, bmoH$b ‘w§~B©H$a H$s Vah H$a|Jo. h‘ AnZr ¶mÌm Eogr OJhm| VH$ gr{‘V aI|Jo Omo ~hþV go bmoJm| Ho$ {b¶o AmO VH$ AZOmZ h¢.

hm~©a bmBZ: grEgE‘Q>r go ~m§Ðm dm¶m ‘PJm§d

‘w§~B© H$m grEgE‘Q>r aobdo ñQ>oeZ Am¡a ‘w§~B© H$s bmoH$b Q>oZ h‘mar ¶mÌm ewê$ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o g~go ghr OJh h¡, Š¶m|{H$ EH$ Vmo ¶h Eo{Vhm{gH$ Am¡a y~gyaV B‘maV h¡, Cg na ^maV H$s nhbr ¶mÌr Q>oZ ^r Bgr ñQ>oeZ go Mbr Wr.

~m§Ðm OmZo dmbr hm~©a bmBZ H$s bmoH$b Q>oZ ‘pñOX Am¡a g¢S>hñQ>© amoS> hmoVo hþ¶o S>m°H$¶mS>© amoS> nhþ§Mr Am¡a h‘ ¶hm§ CVa JE h¢. AmJo H$m gµ’$a Zdm~ Q>¢H$ amoS> H$s Vaµ’$ n¡Xb hr V¶ H$aZm h¡. µH$ar~ 500 ‘rQ>a n¡Xb MbZo Ho$ ~mX h‘ Eogr OJh nhþ§Mo Omo ‘w§~B© ‘| hmoZo Ho$ ~mX ^r ‘w§~B© go AbJ h¡. ¶o EH$ MrZr ‘§{Xa h¡ Omo ^maV ‘| pñW{V AHo$bm MrZr ‘§{Xa

h¡, {Ogo Hw$dmZ Hw§$J ‘§{Xa Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡. ¶o ‘§{Xa ¶hm§ ahZo dmbo CZ MrZr ì¶mnm[a¶m| Zo ~Zm¶m Wm Omo 1962 go nhbo VH$ ¶hm§ ahH$a ì¶mnma {H$¶m H$aVo Wo.

h‘mam AJbm n‹S>md h¡ n{ü‘r bmBZ H$m ~m§Ðm bmoH$b ñQ>oeZ! amñVo ‘| AmnH$mo nhbm ñQ>oeZ ao amoS> {‘boJm. ao amoS> BbmµHo$ ‘| ‘ehÿa {~pñH$Q> H§$nZr {~«Q>m{Z¶m H$m ~‹S>m H$maImZm h¡, ¶o BbmµH$m bmoho Ho$ H$mamo~m[a¶m| go ^am n‹S>m h¡. ¶hm§ {en ~«oqH$J CÚmoJ go Ow‹S>o ~‹S>o H$mamo~ma ^r h¢. ao amoS> ñQ>oeZ H$s {~pëS§>J ^r ‘w§~B© Ho$ 4 ho[aQ>oO ñQ>oeZm| ‘| go EH$ h¡. ao amoS> Ho$ ~mX H$m°Q>Z J«rZ AmEJm Omo 70-80 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| H$m°Q>Z Ho$ JmoXm‘m| Am¡a H$m°Q>Z EŠgM|O Ho$ {b¶o OmZm OmVm Wm. ¶hr dmo BbmµH$m h¡ Ohm§ EH$ dµŠV ‘w§~B© H$mo ‘ehÿa A§S>adëS>© S>m°Z AéU Jdbr Am°naoQ> H$aVm Wm. AJbm ñQ>oeZ {ed‹S>r h¡ Omo noQ>moHo${‘H$b CÚmoJ Ho$ {b¶o OmZm OmVm h¡, ¶o BbmµH$m àdmgr njr âboq‘Jmo H$s eaUñWbr ^r h¡ Š¶m|{H$ BgH$m ~hþV ~‹S>m {hñgm XbXbr h¡. ‘w§~B© H$s ‘ehÿa 4 boZ aµ’$s Ah‘X {H$XdB© amoS> ¶ht go ewê$ hmoVr h¡. {ed‹S>r go dS>mbm Am¡a qH$J gH©$b hmoVo hþ¶o h‘ ‘m{h‘ Am¡a {’$a ~m§Ðm nhþ§M|Jo. ‘m{h‘ n{ü‘r Am¡a hm~©a bmBZ H$m O§³eZ h¡ gmW hr ‘w§~B© Ho$ 7 ‘w»¶ Ûrnm| ‘| go Am{˜ar h¡. A~ h‘ ~m§Ðm CVa MwHo$ h¢ Omo {H$ ho[aQ>oO ñQ>oeZ ^r h¡, ~m§Ðm n{ü‘ ‘| ~m°brdwS> Ho$ ~hþV go H$bmH$ma r ahVo h¢. emhéI ImZ, g{MZ V|XþbH$a, gb‘mZ ˜mZ Ho$ Ka Bgr BbmµHo$ ‘| h¢. h‘ BZHo$ Ka Zht XoI|Jo h‘ Mb|Jo aZdma {dboO Omo ‘w§~B© ‘| nwV©Jm{b¶m| Ho$ H$mb H$m OrVm- OmJVm CXmhaU h¡. ‘w§~B© Ho$ ~m§Ðm ñQ>oeZ go h‘ H$mbr-nrbr Q>¡Šgr b|Jo Omo ‘w§~B© H$s n[adhZ g§ñH¥${V ‘| bmoH$b Q>oZ Ho$ ~mX g~go µÁ¶mXm aMm ~gm h¡. O¡go hr h‘mar Q>¡Šgr damoS>m amoS> go Wmo‹S>m AmJo {ZH$br Eo{Vhm{gH$ B‘maVm| H$s OJh ~§Jbo, MM©, ñ¹$m°¶a, ‘wh„o, {g{‘Q>r, ñQ>rQ²g {XIZo bJo Vmo g‘{P¶o Amn aZdma {dboO Am JE h¢. aZdma {dboO ‘w§~B© Ho$ CZ V‘m‘ {hñgm| ‘| go EH$ h¡ {OÝh| ~mµH$s H$s ‘w§~B© H$s Vah mJZo H$s OëXr Zht h¡. ¶hm§ OrdZ ñbmo h¡. H$bm ào{‘¶m| Ho$ {b¶o ¶o ñdJ© O¡gm h¡, ¶hm§ Ho$ nwamZo {Zdm{g¶m| Zo AnZo ~§Jbm| Am¡a Kam| H$mo J«¡{’$Q>r Am¡a ~‹S>r ~‹S>r dm°b n|qQ>J go gOmH$a aIm h¡. ¶hm§ Ho$ ~‹S>o-~‹S>o ~§Jbo, MM© Am¡a Iy~ gmao no‹S> nm¡Yo, n{j¶m| H$s MhMhmhQ> ¶hm§ go 300 ‘rQ>a Xÿa H$s ‘w§~B© go {~ëHw$b AbJ h¡.

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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32 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ32 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

H$m°’$S>© ‘mH}$Q>, ‘arZ bmB§g, µOdoar ~mµOma, ‘§JbXmg ‘mH}$Q> bo{H$Z h‘ MbVo h¢ MZu amoS> Ho$ B©ñQ> gmBS> ‘| g¡µ’$s AñnVmb H$s y~gyaV {~pëS§>J H$s Vaµ’$, n{ü‘ H$s Vaµ’$ ‘ehÿa Mm¡nmQ>r h¡, Bgr Mm¡nmQ>r ‘| ‘w§~B© Ho$ g~go ‘ehÿa bmb ~mJ Ho$ amOm H$m {dgO©Z hmoVm h¡.

O~ Amn ‘w§~B© H$s bmoH$b Q>oZ ‘| gµ’$a H$a aho hm|Jo Vmo AmnH$mo ñQ>oeZm| ‘| AnZo {ga na Hw$N> {S>ã~o aIo hþ¶o AbJ gr AmdmµO {ZH$mbVo ~hþV go bmoJ {XI|Jo. ¶o dhr {S>ã~odmbo h¢ {OZHo$ ~mao ‘| Amn AŠga H$ht Z H$ht gwZVo ahVo hm|Jo. {H$ CZH$m 100 ’$sgXr g’$bVm H$m [aH$m°S>© h¡, V^r Vmo CZHo$ nmg Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ Q>m°n ‘¡ZoO‘|Q> g§ñWmZm| go à~§YZ Ho$ Jwa grIZo Ho$ {b¶o N>mÌ AmVo h¢. ‘w§~B© H$s g§ñH¥${V ‘| ¶o {S>ã~o dmbo ^r aMo ~go h¢.

O~ VH$ h‘ {S>ã~odmbm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| Amngo ~mV H$a aho Wo, h‘ MZu amoS> ñQ>oeZ nhþ§M JE Am¡a A~ ¶hm§ go MM©JoQ> H$s Q>oZ br h¡, amñVo ‘| h‘| AnZo XmBª Vaµ’$ y~gyaV Aa~ gmJa, dmZIo‹S>o ñQ>o{S>¶‘ ^r {XIm. A~ h‘ MM©JoQ> nhþ§M JE h¢.

MM©JoQ> ñQ>oeZ go n¡Xb 10 {‘ZQ> H$s Xÿar na ‘hmamï> H$m à{gÕ N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO Q>{‘©Zg ¶m{Z ìhr.Q>r. ñQ>oeZ H$s ‘ehÿa Am¡a {d»¶mV B‘maV h¡. Omo{H$ {díd Yamoha ‘| em{‘b h¡. ¶hm§ go g|Q>b bmBZ H$s g^r bmoH$b Q>oZ| MbVr h¢. Omo{H$ H$ë¶mU VH$ nhþ§MH$a H$O©V, H$gmam bmBZ ‘| {d^m{OV hmoVr h¢.

‘w§~B© eha {gµ’©$ EH$ eha hmoVm Vmo EH$ boI ‘| {bIm Om gH$Vm Wm, bo{H$Z Bg AHo$bo eha ‘| BVZr ~‹S>r Xþ{Z¶m h¡ {H$ g¡H$‹S>m| nÞo {bIo Om gH$Vo h¢. BµH$~mb {‘Mu, XmD$X B~«m{h‘ Am¡a A§S>adëS>©, gmoZo H$s ñ‘JqbJ go boH$a S>m§g ~mam| Ho$ IwbZo Am¡a ~§X hmoZo H$s H$hmZr, ‘w§~B© H$m {’$ë‘ CÚmoJ, ‘w§~B© H$s amOZr{V Am¡a {edgoZm, dhm§ H$m H$mamo~ma, ImZo-nrZo H$s ~ohVarZ OJh|, Ky‘Zo H$s OJh|, H$B© ~‹S>o AmV§H$dmXr h‘bm| H$s XmñVmZ|, Zm OmZo Š¶m-Š¶m h¡ Omo {bIZm ~mµH$s h¡.

A§V ‘| {gµ’©$ ¶o H$hÿ§Jm {H$ ‘w§~B© eha gnZm| H$m eha CZHo$ {b¶o h¡ Omo gnZo nmbH$a ¶hm§ AmE Am¡a ¶ht Ho$ hmoH$a ah JE, bo{H$Z ¶h eha CZHo$ {b¶o hmXgm| H$m eha ^r h¡ Omo ¶hm§ AmE na ¶hm§ Ho$ hmo Z gHo$.

d‹S>m nmd, nmd-^mOr Am¡a 1 ~rEMHo$

BVZm gµ’$a H$aZo Ho$ ~mX yI bJZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡ Bg{b¶o h‘ ñQ>oeZ Ho$ nmg hr EH$ ñQ>m°b na éH$ JE Ohm§ d‹S>m nmd ImE§Jo. d‹S>m nmd ‘w§~B© H$m AnZm ’$mñQ>’y$S> h¡, ‘mZm OmVm h¡ {H$ Bgo ‘w§~B© H$s H$m°Q>Z {‘bm| ‘| H$m‘ H$aZo dmbo ‘OXÿam| Ho$ {b¶o ~Zm¶m J¶m Wm Vm{H$ do Bgo ’$Q>m’$Q> ImH$a AnZo H$m‘ na dmng Om gH|$. nmd-^mOr ^r Xþ{Z¶m H$mo ‘w§~B© H$s hr XoZ h¡, {Ogo BÝht ‘OXÿam| Ho$ {b¶o ~Zm¶m J¶m Wm. nmd ^mOr ‘| ~hþV gmar gpãµO¶m§ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ¶o ñdmñ϶ Ho$ {bhmµO go AÀN>r Wr, gmW hr OëXr ~ZVr Wr Am¡a H$‘ ^mOr ‘| y~ gmao nmd ImH$a noQ> ^r ^am Om gH$Vm Wm.

‘w§~B© ‘| Kam| H$s g§ñH¥${V r Eogr h¡ Omo AHo$bo ‘w§~B© ‘| XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡. ‘w§~B© Ho$ µÁ¶mXmVa ‘ܶ‘dJu¶ n[adma 1 ~rEMHo$ ¶m{Z 1 ~oS>ê$‘ dmbo Kam| ‘| ahVo h¢. ¶hm§ EH$ H$‘ao ‘| ahZo dmbo n[adma ^r h¢ Omo{H$ Mm°b-g§ñH¥${V H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoVo h¢. Hw$b {‘bmH$a ‘w§~B© ‘| OJh H$‘ h¡ Am¡a bmoJ µÁ¶mXm, Bg{b¶o N>moQ>o Am¡a ‘h§Jo Ka hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡. {H$gr Jm§d Am¡a Xÿgao eha go AmZo dmbo bmoJm| H$mo ¶o ~hþV N>moQ>m bJ gH$Vm h¡ bo{H$Z EH$ ~ma Amn BZ‘| ahZo bJ JE Vmo ¶o OJh n¶m©á bJZo bJoJr.

n{ü‘r bmBZ: ~m§Ðm go MM©JoQ> dm¶m XmXa

aZdma {dboO H$s hr Vah ImoVmMrdm‹S>r h¡ Omo AmO Ho$ {JaJm§d BbmµHo$ ‘| h¡. A~ h‘ {JaJm§d Ho$ {b¶o {ZH$b MwHo$ h¢ Am¡a amñVo ‘| XmXa ñQ>oeZ n‹S>m Omo ‘w§~B© Ho$ ‘w»¶ ~mµOmam| ‘| go EH$ h¡. XmXa H$n‹S>o, ’y$b Am¡a gãµOr H$m g~go ~‹S>m ~mµOma h¡. Bgr ñQ>oeZ Ho$ nmg ‘w§~B© H$m ‘ehÿa {g{Õ{dZm¶H$ ‘§{Xa ^r h¡. {OZ {XZm| ‘w§~B© gyVr dó CÚmoJ H$m H|$Ð Wm V~ XmXa ‘| ‘ehÿa ~m°å~o S>mB§J, JmoëS> ‘moha {‘ëg, H$mo{hZya {‘ëg, ê$~r {‘ëg, Am¡a Q>mQ>m {‘ëg B˶m{X ^r Wt, Omo A~ Xÿgar OJhm| na Mbr JB© h¢ ¶m ~§X H$a Xr JB© h¢. Bgr BbmµHo$ ‘| {edmOr nmH©$ h¡ Ohm§ Z OmZo {H$VZo {H«$Ho$Q>am| H$m e¡ed H$mb ~rVm h¡, ‘hmamï> H$s amOZr{V H$m à‘wI H|$Ð {edgoZm ^dZ ^r XmXa ‘| h¡. XmXa B©ñQ> H$s nmagr H$m°bZr ^r bmoJm| Ho$ AmH$f©U H$m à‘wI H|$Ð h¡, ¶o H$m°bmoZr Xþ{Z¶m ‘| nma{g¶m| H$s g~go ~‹S>r H$m°bmoZr h¡ Am¡a ‘w§~B© Ho$ em¶X g~go em§V BbmµH$m| ‘| go EH$. S>m°. ^r‘amd A§~oS>H$a H$m g‘m{YñWb ^r XmXa Mm¡nmQ>r ‘| hr h¡.

~hahmb h‘, XmXa go AmJo naob, ‘hmbú‘r Am¡a J«m§Q> amoS> hmoVo hþ¶o MZu amoS> na CVa MwHo$ h¢. MZu amoS> Ho$ Amg-nmg 5-10 {H$bmo‘rQ>a H$m BbmµH$m ‘w§~B© Ho$ g~go nwamZo Am¡a ‘w»¶ ~mµOmam| go {Kam hþAm h¡.

Amerf Hw$‘ma Jwámjo.‘.à.H$m., Ah‘Xm~mX

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

33A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 33A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> H$s Am{Xdmgr OZ Om{V¶m±

‘hmamï´> H$s

Am{X˶ a‘U qghS>rAmB©Q>r, ndB©, ‘w§~B©

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 33A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘w»¶V… ‘amR>r qhXÿ h¢. Bg OZOm{V H$mo {d{eï> ê$n go bmoH$ Z¥Ë¶ na {deof ܶmZ XoZo Ho$ {bE nhMmZm OmVm h¡.¶h OZOm{V ‘w»¶ ê$n go ‘hmamï> Ho$ VQ>r¶ BbmH$m| ¶m H$m|H$U joÌ ‘| {Zdmg H$aVr h¢. ‘Ëñ¶ nmbZ BZH$m à‘wI ì¶dgm¶ h¡. ‘w§~B© H$m àmMrZV‘ ‘w§~m Xodr ‘§{Xa ^r Bg OZOm{V go Ow‹S>m hþAm h¡. ¶o Á¶mXmVa ‘Nw>Amao hmoVo h¢.

dmabr OZOm{V ‘hmamï> Ho$ H$m|H$U H$s EH$ à‘wI OZOm{V h¡. ¶h ‘hmamï> H$s EH$ aMZmË‘H$ OZOm{V h¡. BZH$s AnZr AbJ g§ñH¥${V h¡. BZ bmoJm| H$s AnZr ‘mݶVm, g§ñH¥${V Am¡a ar{V-[admO h¢. CZHo$ {MÌ ~ohX emZXma hmoVo h¢. dmabr bmoJm| H$s g§ñH¥${V¶m| Am¡a ar{V-[admOm| H$m ‘w»¶ H|$Ð h¡, àH¥${V! ¶h OZOm{V ‘w»¶V… CÎma H$m|H$U Ho$ nmbKa BbmHo$ ‘| nm¶r OmVr h¡. dmabr bmoJm| H$s "dmabr {MÌH$mar' ~hþV à{gÕ h¢.

hë~m OZOm{V CZ ‘hËdnyU© Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶m| ‘| go EH$ h¡, {OZH$s ‘hmamï> g{hV ^maVr¶ Cn‘hmÛrn Ho$ H$B© ñWmZm| na CnpñW{V h¡. CZ‘| go Hw$N> dZ CËnmX Am¡a ~m§g Ho$ {d{^Þ MrOm| H$mo ~oMH$a AnZr AmOr{dH$m MbmVo h¢. ¶h OZOm{V {dX © ‘| {deof ê$n go nm¶r OmVr h¡, Omo {H$ àmMrZ X§S>H$aʶ joÌ H$m à‘wI y mJ h¡.

‘hmamï> ‘|, MmoXam OZOm{V ‘w»¶V… H¥${f àYmZ h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm, do ñWmZr¶ gm‘wXm{¶H$ {dH$mg ‘| r bJo hþE h¢.AmoamoZ EH$ Eogm Am{Xdmgr g‘yh h¡, {Ogo Ð{d‹S> Om{V H$m à‘wI à{V{Z{Y ‘mZm OmVm h¡. ¶h OZOm{V AZwgy{MV OZOm{V Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘hmamï> H$s gyMr ‘| A{Ygy{MV h¡. ¶h OZOm{V ~ñVa go Ow‹S>o hþE {dX © Ho$ BbmH$m| ‘| ‘w»¶ ê$n go nm¶r OmVr h¡.

Bg Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ Ûmam bmoH$ g§ñH¥${V H$mo Zd Am¶m‘ àXmZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡. Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ H$m joÌr¶ {dH$mg Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d{Z‘¶ ‘| {deof ¶moJXmZ hmoVm h¡.

‘hmamï> Ho$ g^r joÌm| ‘| Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ AnZm {d{eï> ñWmZ aIVo h¢. BZ g‘wXm¶m| H$s AnZr AbJ nhMmZ Am¡a Am¶m‘ h¡. ¶o g‘wXm¶ ‘w»¶ ê$n go dZ gånXm na AmYm[aV h¢ Am¡a ¶hr BZH$s AmOr{dH$m H$m ‘w»¶ ómoV h¡. ‘hmamï> H$s dZ gånXm Ho$ g§ajU Am¡a {dH$mg ‘| BZ g‘wXm¶m| H$m {deof ¶moJXmZ h¡. ¶hr Zht ‘hmamï> Ho$ dZm| H$m gm¡ÝX¶© Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ Ho$ gh¶moJ Am¡a {dݶmg na AmYm[aV h¡.

‘hmamï> ^maV Ho$ àmMrZV‘ y mJm| ‘| go EH$ h¡. ^maV H$m àmMrZ X§S>H$maʶ dZ ¶ht na pñWV h¡. ‘hmamï> Ho$ {dX ©, ‘amR>dmµS>m Am¡a H$m|H$U ‘| Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ H$m ~mhþë¶ h¡. ¶h ‘hmamï> Ho$ àmMrZ OZ OmVr¶ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ ~hþbVm H$mo Xem©Vm h¡. CÎma ‘hmamï> ‘| ^rb g‘wXm¶ H$s àYmZVm h¡, dht X{jU ‘| H$mobr OZOm{V H$m ~mhþë¶ h¡. ‘hmamï> H$s OZOm{V¶m± Bg joÌ Ho$ ‘yb dZdmgr h¢ Am¡a amÁ¶ Ho$ {d{^Þ {hñgm| ‘| {~Iar hþB© h¢. A{YH$Va ¶h g‘mO nhm‹S>r joÌm| H$m {Zdmgr h¢. Hw$N> OZOm{V¶m± Am{X‘ Am¡a ImZm~Xmoe M[aÌ H$s h¢. ‘hmamï> H$s ¶o OZOm{V¶m± IoVr Am¡a H¥${f go Ow‹S>r Aݶ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| em{‘b h¢. ‘hmamï> Ho$ dZ àXoem| ‘| Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ ’¡$bm hþAm h¡.

‘hmamï> H$s Am{Xdmgr OZOm{V¶m±, Bg àXoe H$s {damgV Am¡a Cggo Ow‹S>o hþE {dH$mg Am¶m‘m| na AmYm[aV h¢. g^r OZOm{V¶m± ‘w»¶ ê$n go {hÝXÿ h¢, na§Vw Hw$N> joÌm| ‘| Y‘mªVaU à{H«$¶m go BZHo$ ahZ ghZ Ho$ VarH$m| ‘| ~Xbmd hþAm h¡. ¶h OZOm{V¶m± àXoe Ho$ ‘amR>r Am¡a AZm¶© dZ g§ñH¥${V Ho$ gpå‘lU na AmYm[aV h¢. ‘hmamï> H$s bmoH$g§ñH¥${V Am¡a dZdmgr g§ñH¥${V BZHo$ ~hþ‘wIr Am¶m‘ na AmYm[aV h¢.

‘w§~B© ‘| àmMrZ Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ {Zdmg H$aVm h¡ VWm ‘w§~B© Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg ‘| ^r BZH$m ‘hËdnyU© ¶moJXmZ h¡. BZH$s AnZr AbJ dZ gä¶Vm Am¡a g§ñH¥${V h¡. ‘w§~B© Ho$ Amg nmg Ho$ O§Jbm| ‘| Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ {Zdmg H$aVo h¡. H$m|H$U Ho$ dZ ‘| Am¡fYr¶ JwUm| go ¶wº$ no‹S> nm¡Yo h¢. àmH¥${VH$ gm¡ÝX¶© H$s Ñ{ï> go ^r Bg ñWb H$m {deof ‘hËd h¡. ¶hm± na [agmQ>©, hmoQ>b d Aݶ n¶©Q>Z ñWb Amg nmg ’¡$bo hþE h¢, Bg joÌ ‘| n¶©Q>Z, AmOr{dH$m H$m à‘wI ómoV h¡ Am¡a dݶ g§nXm Ho$ g§ajU H$m ^r Bg‘| {deof ¶moJXmZ h¡.

‘hmamï> ‘| dmabr, ^rb, H$mobr, hë~m, MmoYam Am¡a AmoamoZ Hw$N> Eogr OZOm{V¶m± h¢ Omo ‘hmamï> H$s à‘wI OZ Om{V¶m± h¢. ^maV H$m g§{dYmZ BZ Hw$N> Am{Xdmgr g‘yhm| H$mo AZwgy{MV OZOm{V Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘mݶVm XoVm h¡.

^rb OZOm{V ‘w»¶V… n{ü‘ ‘ܶ ^maV H$s OZOm{V h¡. na§Vw Bg na ‘amR>r g§ñH¥${V Am¡a {dMma ghr ‘m¶Zo ‘| n[ab{jV hmoVo h¢. BZH$s g§ñH¥${V CÎma ^maVr¶ g‘wXm¶ go {‘bVr OwbVr h¡. AmO ¶h g‘wXm¶ IoVr H$m ^r H$m‘ C{MV ê$n go H$a ahm h¡. ¶h OZOm{V ‘w»¶ ê$n go CÎmar ‘hmamï> ‘| JwOamV Am¡a ‘ܶ àXoe H$s gr‘m Ho$ {ZH$Q> {Zdmg H$aVr h¢. ^rb OZOm{V CÎma ^maVr¶ amOnyV g‘wXm¶ go ‘ob ImVr h¡.

H$mobr ‘hmamï> H$s à‘wI H$m|H$Ur OZOm{V h¡. H$mobr OZOm{V Ho$ bmoJ

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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32 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ32 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

H$m°’$S>© ‘mH}$Q>, ‘arZ bmB§g, µOdoar ~mµOma, ‘§JbXmg ‘mH}$Q> bo{H$Z h‘ MbVo h¢ MZu amoS> Ho$ B©ñQ> gmBS> ‘| g¡µ’$s AñnVmb H$s y~gyaV {~pëS§>J H$s Vaµ’$, n{ü‘ H$s Vaµ’$ ‘ehÿa Mm¡nmQ>r h¡, Bgr Mm¡nmQ>r ‘| ‘w§~B© Ho$ g~go ‘ehÿa bmb ~mJ Ho$ amOm H$m {dgO©Z hmoVm h¡.

O~ Amn ‘w§~B© H$s bmoH$b Q>oZ ‘| gµ’$a H$a aho hm|Jo Vmo AmnH$mo ñQ>oeZm| ‘| AnZo {ga na Hw$N> {S>ã~o aIo hþ¶o AbJ gr AmdmµO {ZH$mbVo ~hþV go bmoJ {XI|Jo. ¶o dhr {S>ã~odmbo h¢ {OZHo$ ~mao ‘| Amn AŠga H$ht Z H$ht gwZVo ahVo hm|Jo. {H$ CZH$m 100 ’$sgXr g’$bVm H$m [aH$m°S>© h¡, V^r Vmo CZHo$ nmg Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ Q>m°n ‘¡ZoO‘|Q> g§ñWmZm| go à~§YZ Ho$ Jwa grIZo Ho$ {b¶o N>mÌ AmVo h¢. ‘w§~B© H$s g§ñH¥${V ‘| ¶o {S>ã~o dmbo ^r aMo ~go h¢.

O~ VH$ h‘ {S>ã~odmbm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| Amngo ~mV H$a aho Wo, h‘ MZu amoS> ñQ>oeZ nhþ§M JE Am¡a A~ ¶hm§ go MM©JoQ> H$s Q>oZ br h¡, amñVo ‘| h‘| AnZo XmBª Vaµ’$ y~gyaV Aa~ gmJa, dmZIo‹S>o ñQ>o{S>¶‘ ^r {XIm. A~ h‘ MM©JoQ> nhþ§M JE h¢.

MM©JoQ> ñQ>oeZ go n¡Xb 10 {‘ZQ> H$s Xÿar na ‘hmamï> H$m à{gÕ N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO Q>{‘©Zg ¶m{Z ìhr.Q>r. ñQ>oeZ H$s ‘ehÿa Am¡a {d»¶mV B‘maV h¡. Omo{H$ {díd Yamoha ‘| em{‘b h¡. ¶hm§ go g|Q>b bmBZ H$s g^r bmoH$b Q>oZ| MbVr h¢. Omo{H$ H$ë¶mU VH$ nhþ§MH$a H$O©V, H$gmam bmBZ ‘| {d^m{OV hmoVr h¢.

‘w§~B© eha {gµ’©$ EH$ eha hmoVm Vmo EH$ boI ‘| {bIm Om gH$Vm Wm, bo{H$Z Bg AHo$bo eha ‘| BVZr ~‹S>r Xþ{Z¶m h¡ {H$ g¡H$‹S>m| nÞo {bIo Om gH$Vo h¢. BµH$~mb {‘Mu, XmD$X B~«m{h‘ Am¡a A§S>adëS>©, gmoZo H$s ñ‘JqbJ go boH$a S>m§g ~mam| Ho$ IwbZo Am¡a ~§X hmoZo H$s H$hmZr, ‘w§~B© H$m {’$ë‘ CÚmoJ, ‘w§~B© H$s amOZr{V Am¡a {edgoZm, dhm§ H$m H$mamo~ma, ImZo-nrZo H$s ~ohVarZ OJh|, Ky‘Zo H$s OJh|, H$B© ~‹S>o AmV§H$dmXr h‘bm| H$s XmñVmZ|, Zm OmZo Š¶m-Š¶m h¡ Omo {bIZm ~mµH$s h¡.

A§V ‘| {gµ’©$ ¶o H$hÿ§Jm {H$ ‘w§~B© eha gnZm| H$m eha CZHo$ {b¶o h¡ Omo gnZo nmbH$a ¶hm§ AmE Am¡a ¶ht Ho$ hmoH$a ah JE, bo{H$Z ¶h eha CZHo$ {b¶o hmXgm| H$m eha ^r h¡ Omo ¶hm§ AmE na ¶hm§ Ho$ hmo Z gHo$.

d‹S>m nmd, nmd-^mOr Am¡a 1 ~rEMHo$

BVZm gµ’$a H$aZo Ho$ ~mX yI bJZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡ Bg{b¶o h‘ ñQ>oeZ Ho$ nmg hr EH$ ñQ>m°b na éH$ JE Ohm§ d‹S>m nmd ImE§Jo. d‹S>m nmd ‘w§~B© H$m AnZm ’$mñQ>’y$S> h¡, ‘mZm OmVm h¡ {H$ Bgo ‘w§~B© H$s H$m°Q>Z {‘bm| ‘| H$m‘ H$aZo dmbo ‘OXÿam| Ho$ {b¶o ~Zm¶m J¶m Wm Vm{H$ do Bgo ’$Q>m’$Q> ImH$a AnZo H$m‘ na dmng Om gH|$. nmd-^mOr ^r Xþ{Z¶m H$mo ‘w§~B© H$s hr XoZ h¡, {Ogo BÝht ‘OXÿam| Ho$ {b¶o ~Zm¶m J¶m Wm. nmd ^mOr ‘| ~hþV gmar gpãµO¶m§ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ¶o ñdmñ϶ Ho$ {bhmµO go AÀN>r Wr, gmW hr OëXr ~ZVr Wr Am¡a H$‘ ^mOr ‘| y~ gmao nmd ImH$a noQ> ^r ^am Om gH$Vm Wm.

‘w§~B© ‘| Kam| H$s g§ñH¥${V r Eogr h¡ Omo AHo$bo ‘w§~B© ‘| XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡. ‘w§~B© Ho$ µÁ¶mXmVa ‘ܶ‘dJu¶ n[adma 1 ~rEMHo$ ¶m{Z 1 ~oS>ê$‘ dmbo Kam| ‘| ahVo h¢. ¶hm§ EH$ H$‘ao ‘| ahZo dmbo n[adma ^r h¢ Omo{H$ Mm°b-g§ñH¥${V H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoVo h¢. Hw$b {‘bmH$a ‘w§~B© ‘| OJh H$‘ h¡ Am¡a bmoJ µÁ¶mXm, Bg{b¶o N>moQ>o Am¡a ‘h§Jo Ka hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡. {H$gr Jm§d Am¡a Xÿgao eha go AmZo dmbo bmoJm| H$mo ¶o ~hþV N>moQ>m bJ gH$Vm h¡ bo{H$Z EH$ ~ma Amn BZ‘| ahZo bJ JE Vmo ¶o OJh n¶m©á bJZo bJoJr.

n{ü‘r bmBZ: ~m§Ðm go MM©JoQ> dm¶m XmXa

aZdma {dboO H$s hr Vah ImoVmMrdm‹S>r h¡ Omo AmO Ho$ {JaJm§d BbmµHo$ ‘| h¡. A~ h‘ {JaJm§d Ho$ {b¶o {ZH$b MwHo$ h¢ Am¡a amñVo ‘| XmXa ñQ>oeZ n‹S>m Omo ‘w§~B© Ho$ ‘w»¶ ~mµOmam| ‘| go EH$ h¡. XmXa H$n‹S>o, ’y$b Am¡a gãµOr H$m g~go ~‹S>m ~mµOma h¡. Bgr ñQ>oeZ Ho$ nmg ‘w§~B© H$m ‘ehÿa {g{Õ{dZm¶H$ ‘§{Xa ^r h¡. {OZ {XZm| ‘w§~B© gyVr dó CÚmoJ H$m H|$Ð Wm V~ XmXa ‘| ‘ehÿa ~m°å~o S>mB§J, JmoëS> ‘moha {‘ëg, H$mo{hZya {‘ëg, ê$~r {‘ëg, Am¡a Q>mQ>m {‘ëg B˶m{X ^r Wt, Omo A~ Xÿgar OJhm| na Mbr JB© h¢ ¶m ~§X H$a Xr JB© h¢. Bgr BbmµHo$ ‘| {edmOr nmH©$ h¡ Ohm§ Z OmZo {H$VZo {H«$Ho$Q>am| H$m e¡ed H$mb ~rVm h¡, ‘hmamï> H$s amOZr{V H$m à‘wI H|$Ð {edgoZm ^dZ ^r XmXa ‘| h¡. XmXa B©ñQ> H$s nmagr H$m°bZr ^r bmoJm| Ho$ AmH$f©U H$m à‘wI H|$Ð h¡, ¶o H$m°bmoZr Xþ{Z¶m ‘| nma{g¶m| H$s g~go ~‹S>r H$m°bmoZr h¡ Am¡a ‘w§~B© Ho$ em¶X g~go em§V BbmµH$m| ‘| go EH$. S>m°. ^r‘amd A§~oS>H$a H$m g‘m{YñWb ^r XmXa Mm¡nmQ>r ‘| hr h¡.

~hahmb h‘, XmXa go AmJo naob, ‘hmbú‘r Am¡a J«m§Q> amoS> hmoVo hþ¶o MZu amoS> na CVa MwHo$ h¢. MZu amoS> Ho$ Amg-nmg 5-10 {H$bmo‘rQ>a H$m BbmµH$m ‘w§~B© Ho$ g~go nwamZo Am¡a ‘w»¶ ~mµOmam| go {Kam hþAm h¡.

Amerf Hw$‘ma Jwámjo.‘.à.H$m., Ah‘Xm~mX

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

33A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 33A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> H$s Am{Xdmgr OZ Om{V¶m±

‘hmamï´> H$s

Am{X˶ a‘U qghS>rAmB©Q>r, ndB©, ‘w§~B©

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 33A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘w»¶V… ‘amR>r qhXÿ h¢. Bg OZOm{V H$mo {d{eï> ê$n go bmoH$ Z¥Ë¶ na {deof ܶmZ XoZo Ho$ {bE nhMmZm OmVm h¡.¶h OZOm{V ‘w»¶ ê$n go ‘hmamï> Ho$ VQ>r¶ BbmH$m| ¶m H$m|H$U joÌ ‘| {Zdmg H$aVr h¢. ‘Ëñ¶ nmbZ BZH$m à‘wI ì¶dgm¶ h¡. ‘w§~B© H$m àmMrZV‘ ‘w§~m Xodr ‘§{Xa ^r Bg OZOm{V go Ow‹S>m hþAm h¡. ¶o Á¶mXmVa ‘Nw>Amao hmoVo h¢.

dmabr OZOm{V ‘hmamï> Ho$ H$m|H$U H$s EH$ à‘wI OZOm{V h¡. ¶h ‘hmamï> H$s EH$ aMZmË‘H$ OZOm{V h¡. BZH$s AnZr AbJ g§ñH¥${V h¡. BZ bmoJm| H$s AnZr ‘mݶVm, g§ñH¥${V Am¡a ar{V-[admO h¢. CZHo$ {MÌ ~ohX emZXma hmoVo h¢. dmabr bmoJm| H$s g§ñH¥${V¶m| Am¡a ar{V-[admOm| H$m ‘w»¶ H|$Ð h¡, àH¥${V! ¶h OZOm{V ‘w»¶V… CÎma H$m|H$U Ho$ nmbKa BbmHo$ ‘| nm¶r OmVr h¡. dmabr bmoJm| H$s "dmabr {MÌH$mar' ~hþV à{gÕ h¢.

hë~m OZOm{V CZ ‘hËdnyU© Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶m| ‘| go EH$ h¡, {OZH$s ‘hmamï> g{hV ^maVr¶ Cn‘hmÛrn Ho$ H$B© ñWmZm| na CnpñW{V h¡. CZ‘| go Hw$N> dZ CËnmX Am¡a ~m§g Ho$ {d{^Þ MrOm| H$mo ~oMH$a AnZr AmOr{dH$m MbmVo h¢. ¶h OZOm{V {dX © ‘| {deof ê$n go nm¶r OmVr h¡, Omo {H$ àmMrZ X§S>H$aʶ joÌ H$m à‘wI y mJ h¡.

‘hmamï> ‘|, MmoXam OZOm{V ‘w»¶V… H¥${f àYmZ h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm, do ñWmZr¶ gm‘wXm{¶H$ {dH$mg ‘| r bJo hþE h¢.AmoamoZ EH$ Eogm Am{Xdmgr g‘yh h¡, {Ogo Ð{d‹S> Om{V H$m à‘wI à{V{Z{Y ‘mZm OmVm h¡. ¶h OZOm{V AZwgy{MV OZOm{V Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘hmamï> H$s gyMr ‘| A{Ygy{MV h¡. ¶h OZOm{V ~ñVa go Ow‹S>o hþE {dX © Ho$ BbmH$m| ‘| ‘w»¶ ê$n go nm¶r OmVr h¡.

Bg Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ Ûmam bmoH$ g§ñH¥${V H$mo Zd Am¶m‘ àXmZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡. Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ H$m joÌr¶ {dH$mg Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d{Z‘¶ ‘| {deof ¶moJXmZ hmoVm h¡.

‘hmamï> Ho$ g^r joÌm| ‘| Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ AnZm {d{eï> ñWmZ aIVo h¢. BZ g‘wXm¶m| H$s AnZr AbJ nhMmZ Am¡a Am¶m‘ h¡. ¶o g‘wXm¶ ‘w»¶ ê$n go dZ gånXm na AmYm[aV h¢ Am¡a ¶hr BZH$s AmOr{dH$m H$m ‘w»¶ ómoV h¡. ‘hmamï> H$s dZ gånXm Ho$ g§ajU Am¡a {dH$mg ‘| BZ g‘wXm¶m| H$m {deof ¶moJXmZ h¡. ¶hr Zht ‘hmamï> Ho$ dZm| H$m gm¡ÝX¶© Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ Ho$ gh¶moJ Am¡a {dݶmg na AmYm[aV h¡.

‘hmamï> ^maV Ho$ àmMrZV‘ y mJm| ‘| go EH$ h¡. ^maV H$m àmMrZ X§S>H$maʶ dZ ¶ht na pñWV h¡. ‘hmamï> Ho$ {dX ©, ‘amR>dmµS>m Am¡a H$m|H$U ‘| Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ H$m ~mhþë¶ h¡. ¶h ‘hmamï> Ho$ àmMrZ OZ OmVr¶ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ ~hþbVm H$mo Xem©Vm h¡. CÎma ‘hmamï> ‘| ^rb g‘wXm¶ H$s àYmZVm h¡, dht X{jU ‘| H$mobr OZOm{V H$m ~mhþë¶ h¡. ‘hmamï> H$s OZOm{V¶m± Bg joÌ Ho$ ‘yb dZdmgr h¢ Am¡a amÁ¶ Ho$ {d{^Þ {hñgm| ‘| {~Iar hþB© h¢. A{YH$Va ¶h g‘mO nhm‹S>r joÌm| H$m {Zdmgr h¢. Hw$N> OZOm{V¶m± Am{X‘ Am¡a ImZm~Xmoe M[aÌ H$s h¢. ‘hmamï> H$s ¶o OZOm{V¶m± IoVr Am¡a H¥${f go Ow‹S>r Aݶ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| em{‘b h¢. ‘hmamï> Ho$ dZ àXoem| ‘| Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ ’¡$bm hþAm h¡.

‘hmamï> H$s Am{Xdmgr OZOm{V¶m±, Bg àXoe H$s {damgV Am¡a Cggo Ow‹S>o hþE {dH$mg Am¶m‘m| na AmYm[aV h¢. g^r OZOm{V¶m± ‘w»¶ ê$n go {hÝXÿ h¢, na§Vw Hw$N> joÌm| ‘| Y‘mªVaU à{H«$¶m go BZHo$ ahZ ghZ Ho$ VarH$m| ‘| ~Xbmd hþAm h¡. ¶h OZOm{V¶m± àXoe Ho$ ‘amR>r Am¡a AZm¶© dZ g§ñH¥${V Ho$ gpå‘lU na AmYm[aV h¢. ‘hmamï> H$s bmoH$g§ñH¥${V Am¡a dZdmgr g§ñH¥${V BZHo$ ~hþ‘wIr Am¶m‘ na AmYm[aV h¢.

‘w§~B© ‘| àmMrZ Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ {Zdmg H$aVm h¡ VWm ‘w§~B© Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg ‘| ^r BZH$m ‘hËdnyU© ¶moJXmZ h¡. BZH$s AnZr AbJ dZ gä¶Vm Am¡a g§ñH¥${V h¡. ‘w§~B© Ho$ Amg nmg Ho$ O§Jbm| ‘| Am{Xdmgr g‘wXm¶ {Zdmg H$aVo h¡. H$m|H$U Ho$ dZ ‘| Am¡fYr¶ JwUm| go ¶wº$ no‹S> nm¡Yo h¢. àmH¥${VH$ gm¡ÝX¶© H$s Ñ{ï> go ^r Bg ñWb H$m {deof ‘hËd h¡. ¶hm± na [agmQ>©, hmoQ>b d Aݶ n¶©Q>Z ñWb Amg nmg ’¡$bo hþE h¢, Bg joÌ ‘| n¶©Q>Z, AmOr{dH$m H$m à‘wI ómoV h¡ Am¡a dݶ g§nXm Ho$ g§ajU H$m ^r Bg‘| {deof ¶moJXmZ h¡.

‘hmamï> ‘| dmabr, ^rb, H$mobr, hë~m, MmoYam Am¡a AmoamoZ Hw$N> Eogr OZOm{V¶m± h¢ Omo ‘hmamï> H$s à‘wI OZ Om{V¶m± h¢. ^maV H$m g§{dYmZ BZ Hw$N> Am{Xdmgr g‘yhm| H$mo AZwgy{MV OZOm{V Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘mݶVm XoVm h¡.

^rb OZOm{V ‘w»¶V… n{ü‘ ‘ܶ ^maV H$s OZOm{V h¡. na§Vw Bg na ‘amR>r g§ñH¥${V Am¡a {dMma ghr ‘m¶Zo ‘| n[ab{jV hmoVo h¢. BZH$s g§ñH¥${V CÎma ^maVr¶ g‘wXm¶ go {‘bVr OwbVr h¡. AmO ¶h g‘wXm¶ IoVr H$m ^r H$m‘ C{MV ê$n go H$a ahm h¡. ¶h OZOm{V ‘w»¶ ê$n go CÎmar ‘hmamï> ‘| JwOamV Am¡a ‘ܶ àXoe H$s gr‘m Ho$ {ZH$Q> {Zdmg H$aVr h¢. ^rb OZOm{V CÎma ^maVr¶ amOnyV g‘wXm¶ go ‘ob ImVr h¡.

H$mobr ‘hmamï> H$s à‘wI H$m|H$Ur OZOm{V h¡. H$mobr OZOm{V Ho$ bmoJ

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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34 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> H$s {d^y{V¶m±Bg {df¶ H$s ewéAmV Vmo h¡, bo{H$Z A§V Zht h¡. O¡go-O¡go {bIVo OmE§ d¡go B{Vhmg qOXm hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a h‘mao gm‘Zo gmdZ H$s Vah ~agZo bJVm h¡. h‘| draVm, gmhg, kmZ Ho$ ñnÝXZ go ^a XoVm h¡.

g§V kmZoœa go boH$a g§V JmS>Jo ~m~m H$s ~mV H$h| ¶m {’$a ‘wº$mB© go boH$a gm{dÌr, S>m°. AmZ§Xr ~mB© H$mo ¶mX H$a| ¶m {’$a ‘hmZ amOm N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO go boH$a {VbH$, Am§~oS>H$a, gmdaH$a H$s draJmWm H$h| ¶m ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo go boH$a amZS>o, AmJaH$a, ‘hfu H$d}, ~mbJ§Yd©, ~mbH${d, Hw$gw‘mJ«O H$m JwUJmZ H$a|.

{H$gr Zo O‹S>| ‘O~yV ~Zm Xt, {H$gr Zo g‘mO H$m T>m§Mm aMm, {H$gr Zo ‘wHw$Q> M‹T>m¶m Am¡a {H$gr Zo Ab§H¥$V {H$¶m. ha {H$gr Zo g‘mO Am¡a amï> H$mo AnZr H$mo{ee, Vnñ¶m, ˶mJ go ‘hmZ ~Zm {X¶m. {OgH$m F$U AmZo dmbr nr{‹T>¶m± Mmh H$a ^r Zht MwH$m gH$Vt.

AmO ‘¢ BZ ‘hmZ hpñV¶m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| {bI ahm hÿ±, ¶o r CZH$m hr EhgmZ h¡. gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$, amOZr{VH$, Y‘© joÌ go boH$a Hw$é joÌ VH$ BZ bmoJm| Zo g‘mO H$mo ghr amh {XImB©. BZHo$ gmW go AÀN>o g‘mO H$m JR>Z hmoZm g§ d hþAm Am¡a EH$ ‘hmZ amï> H$m {Z‘m©U hþAm.

‘hmamï> H$s O~ h‘ ~mV H$aVo h¢ V~ {d y{V¶m| H$m O¡go Vm§Vm bJ OmVm h¡. g§V, boIH$, amOm, g‘mOgodr, boIH$, H${d, Jm¶H$ Am{X AZoH$ joÌm| H$s {d y{V¶m| Zo ‘hmamï> Ho$ {dñV¥V ’$bH$ H$mo AnZo H$m¶© VWm H¥$VËd go Am¡a CObm {H$¶m h¡.

g§V kmZoœa {OÝhm|Zo Bg g‘mO H$s O‹S>| ‘O~yV H$s, nyar Xþ{Z¶m, g‘ñV ‘mZd Om{V Ho$ {b¶o {OÝhm|Zo gwI em§{V Ed§ g‘mYmZ ‘m§Jm. Eogr ‘m§J {Ogo ^JdmZ ^r Rw>H$am Zht gHo$. "JrVm' O¡go ‘hmZ J«§W H$m Am‘ bmoJm| H$s ^mfm ‘| "A‘¥VmZw d' Zm‘ go AZwdmX {H$¶m. Aqhgm, ào‘, X¶m H$m nmR> g‘mO H$mo nµT>m¶m.

{Zd¥{Îm, kmZoœa, gmonmZ, Am¡a ‘wº$mB© AmXe© ~§YwËd H$m CXmhaU hmo J¶o. g‘mO CZHo$ {dMmam| na MbZo bJm. g‘mO H$mo EH$ Z¶r {Xem {‘br. Mmam§o mB©¶m| Zo g‘mO H$mo ha ‘wpíH$b KµS>r ‘| b‹S>Zm {gIm¶m. hmbmV O¡go ^r hm| h‘| A§Xa go ‘O~yV ahZm {gIm {X¶m.

13dt gXr Ho$ ~mX ‘hmamï> AZmW hmo J¶m Wm. 230 gmb VH$ Zm H$moB© amh, Zm ‘§{Ob Wr. ^Q>H$md H$s pñW{V Wr. V^r g§V Zm‘Xod, EH$ZmW Am¡a VwH$mam‘ ‘hmamO Zo g‘mO H$mo g§ mbm, g‘mO H$mo {JaZo go ~Mm {b¶m. {~Iam hþAm g‘mO EH$ amï> ~Z J¶m Am¡a àJ{V H$s Amoa ~‹T>Zo bJm.

Bg gw§Xa amï> H$mo {’$a {H$gr H$s ~war ZOa bJ JB©, A§YH$ma H$m amO ~µT>Zo bJm, Aݶm¶ H$m gm‘«mÁ¶ amO H$aZo bJm, O~ g‘mO A§Xa go Qy>Q>Zo bJm, {~IaZo bJm V~ Cgo g§dmaZo Ho$ {b¶o N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO gy¶m}X¶ ~ZH$a Am¶o Am¡a CÝhmo§Zo Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ EH$ e{º$embr gm‘«mÁ¶ ‘wJb gëVZV H$m gy¶m©ñV {H$¶m. bmoJm| H$mo Aݶm¶ Ho$ pIbm’$ b‹S>Zm {gIm¶m. EH$ Z¶r ¶wÕZr{V Jw[aëbm dma Xþ{Z¶m H$mo {gImB©. Bg VH$ZrH$ Ho$ gm‘Zo ~µS>o ~µS>o eoa T>oa hmo J¶o. MmUŠ¶ Zr{V H$m Adb§~ H$aHo$ eÌw H$mo H$‘Omoa {H$¶m. qhXdr ñdamÁ¶ H$s ñWmnZm H$aHo$ Xoe Ho$ Aݶ amOmAm| Ho$ {b¶o EH$ CÎm‘ CXmhaU Am¡a àoaUmòmoV ~Z J¶o. Am¡a§JOo~ H$mo Bgr ‘hmamï> H$s y{‘ ‘| OmZ N>mo‹S>Zr n‹S>r.

Xoe Ho$ Aݶ amOmAm| Ho$ g¡{ZH$ n¡go, BZm‘ Ho$ {b¶o b‹S>Vo Wo, bo{H$Z {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ g¡{ZH$ amï> Ho$ {b¶o, g‘mO Ho$ {b¶o b‹S>Vo Wo. Š¶m|{H$ CZH$mo ^amogm Wm {H$ ¶h {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ AHo$bo H$m H$m¶© Zht h¡. ¶h h‘mam H$m¶© h¡. {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo gd©àW‘ JUVm§{ÌH$ g‘mO H$s ñWmnZm H$s.

CZHo$ ~oQ>o g§ mOr AHo$bo Vrg gmb VH$ eÌw Ho$ gmW b‹S>o. CZH$s draVm XoI ~mXemh Am¡a§JOo~ ^r H$hVm Wm {H$ g§ mOr, O¡gm EH$ ^r ~oQ>m ‘wPo hmoVm, Vmo ‘¢ AmO nyar Xþ{Z¶m no amO H$aVm.

‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ {’$a BVZm e{º$embr hmo J¶m {H$ {X„r H$s JÔr MbmZo bJm. noedm ~mOramd ¶h Zm‘ gwZVo hr X»IZ go boH$a nmZrnV VH$ y{‘ H$m§nZo bJVr h¡. VrZ gm¡ gmb ~mX ^r CZH$s Vbdma na B{Vhmg

H$m ha nÞm Jd© ‘hgyg H$aVm h¡.

A§J«oOm| Zo Hy$Q> Zr{V H$m BñVo‘mb H$aHo$ nyao Xoe H$mo Jwbm‘ ~Zm {X¶m. H§$nZr A~ Xoe na amO H$aZo bJr Am¡a bmoJm| H$mo bJZo bJm {H$ A§J«oO h‘oem h‘oem Ho$ {bE amO H$a|Jo.

1857 ‘| ^maV Ho$ bmoJm| Zo A§J«oOm| H$mo g~H$ {gIm¶m. ZmZmgmho~ Am¡a Vm˶m Q>mono Zo ‘hmamï> H$m ZoV¥Ëd {H$¶m. Bg PQ>Ho$ Zo H§$nZr amO H$s Ztd {hbm Xr.

O~ Xoe Ho$ B{Vhmg H$m Z¶m Aܶm¶ ewê$ hmoZo dmbm Wm. ‘. ’w$bo, amZS>o, JmoIbo, bmoH$‘mݶ {VbH$, ‘hm‘mZd ~m~mgmh~ Am§~oS>H$a, gm{dÌr~mB© ’w$bo Zo g‘mO Ho$ a§J‘§M na H$X‘ aIm Wm.

‘. ’w$bo Am¡a gm{dÌr ~mB© ’w$bo Zo g‘mO H$m ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m Am¡a {ejm H$m ‘hËd g‘Pm¶m. Cg dº$ H$s ì¶dñWm Ho$ pIbm’$ OmH$a ì¶dñWm H$mo ~XbZo na ‘O~ya {H$¶m. {ejm B§gmZ H$mo OmZda hmoZo go ~MmVr h¡. AmO Xoe H$s ha

34 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

35A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

~oQ>r n‹T>Zm MmhVr h¡ AmJo ~‹T>Zm MmhVr h¡. ¶h g~ ’w$bo Xån{Îm H$s dOh go hmo nm¶m h¡.

Xoe H$s nhMmZ O~ Yw§Ybr hmoZo bJr Wr, V~ h‘| bmoH$‘mݶ {VbH$ Zo g§ mbm. {OZH$s AmdmO go e{º$embr A§J«oOr gaH$ma ^r {hbZo bJr. bmoJm| H$s X~r hþB© AmdmO H$mo bmoH$‘mݶ Zo {’$a EH$ ~ma qOXm {H$¶m Wm. nyao Xoe Zo ZB© amh na MbZm grIm. eÌw go {ZS>a hmoH$a b‹S>Zm, b‹S>mB© Ho$ Z¶o à¶moJ H$a, g‘mO H$m X~m hþAm AmH«$moe ghr amñVo na CVma H$a CÝhm|Zo H«$m§{V H$m Aܶm¶ ewé {H$¶m. bmoH$‘mݶ {VbH$ Zo bmoJm| H$mo AmË‘gå‘mZ Am¡a AmË‘ajm {gIm¶r. Aqhgm g‘mO Ho$ {b¶o AÀN>r ~mV hmoVr h¡, bo{H$Z Aqhgm H$m A{VaoH$ g‘mO Ho$ {b¶o CVZm hr hm{ZH$maH$ hmoVm h¡.

emhÿ ‘hmamO, ‘h{f© H$d}, H$‘©dra ^mD$amd nmQ>rb, AmJaH$a, BÝhm|Zo {ejm H$s O‹S>| ‘O~yV H$t Am¡a g‘mO H$mo, Xoe H$mo BgH$m ‘hËd g‘Pm¶m Xoe H$s {ejm {dH$mg ‘| BZH$m ‘hËd AgmYmaU h¡.

~mbJ§Yd©, JS>H$ar, ‘hmZ ZmQ>H$H$ma, gm{h˶H$ma aho h¢, BÝhm|Zo ‘amR>r ^mfm H$mo g‘¥Õ {H$¶m. CZH$s Vnñ¶m, ˶mJ go g‘mO H$mo, Xoe H$mo g§ñH¥${V, na§nam Omar aIZo H$s grI {‘br.

Xoe Ho$ ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m‘ ‘| dra gmdaH$a H$m ñWmZ Y«wd Vmao H$s Vah h¡. do Xoe^{º$ H$m CÎm‘ CXmhaU ~Zo.

‘hmamï> H$s {d y{V¶m| ‘| ‘{hbmAm| H$mo ZOaA§XmO Zht H$a gH$Vo. amï>‘mVm {OOmD$, gm{dÌr ~mB© ’w$bo, AmZ§Xr~mB© Omoer, A{hë¶m ~mB© hmoiH$a, a‘m~mB© amZS>o Zo ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ A{YH$ma, ñdV§Ì ApñVËd, Hw$Qw>§~ ì¶dñWm ‘| CZH$m ñWmZ Am{X ~mVmo§ Ho$ O[aE AmË‘ Jm¡ad H$s ‘emb ObmB©.

O~ ^maV EH$ amï> ~ZZo H$s amh na Wm, V~ CgH$s àJ{V Ho$ ~rM Om{VdmX H$m nhm‹S> IµS>m Wm. S>m° ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a Or Zo Cgo OµS> go {ZH$mbZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s. do AmYw{ZH$ maV Ho$ "AmYw{ZH$ ‘Zw' H$hbmE. ~m~mgmho~ Zo Xoe H$mo g§{dYmZ {X¶m. h‘ g^r CZH$s XÿaX{e©Vm Ho$ F$Ur ah|Jo. CÝhm|Zo Om{V, Y‘© go ~‹T>H$a B§gmZ H$mo nhMmZ Xr. ^maV H$mo Xþ{Z¶m H$m g~go {dñV¥V g§{dYmZ {X¶m. EH$ AmXe© amÁ¶ H$s ì¶dñWm Xr. g~go AZ‘mob MrO ¶h h¡ {H$ CÝhm|Zo OmVo-OmVo h‘| h‘mam Imo¶m hþAm ~wÕ Xo {X¶m.

‘hmamï> H$s ‘hmZ {d y{V¶m| Zo nyao Xoe H$s N>mVr Jd© go ’w$bm Xr. BZ {d y{V¶m| Zo AnZo n[al‘, ˶mJ, AmXe© go EH$ amÁ¶ H$mo ‘hmZ amï>, "‘hmamï>' ~Zm {X¶m.

lrH$m§V JmogmdrB§Xmnwa emIm, nwUo

‘hmamï´> H$m ¶moJXmZHo$ {dH$mg ‘|

"{hÝXr' ^mfm Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| CXÿ©, ’$magr, Am¶© ^mfmAm| go boH$a {dœ H$r {d{^Þ ^mfmAm| H$m ¶moJXmZ ahm h¡. ~XbVo g‘¶ Ho$ gmW {d{^Þ ^mfm-^mfr bmoJm| Zo {hÝXr ^mfm H$mo AnZmH$a {hÝXr Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg ‘| AnZm ¶moJXmZ {X¶m. Eogm hr ¶moJXmZ ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ H$m h¡. ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ Ho$ bmoJm| ‘| {hÝXr Ho$ à{V ào‘, AnZËd d g‘P H$mo gZ 1857 Ho$ {dÐmoh go hr XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡, Omo {hÝXr ^mfr àm§V ‘oaR> go ewê$ hþAm VWm {OVZo Omoe go Bg {dÐmoh H$m g‘W©Z CÎma ^maV ‘| {H$¶m J¶m CVZr hr à~bVm Ed§ Omoe Ho$ gmW AnZmH$a H$mZnwa, Pm±gr Am{X Ho$ ‘amR>m emgH$m| Zo Bg‘| AnZm A^yVnyd© ¶moJXmZ {X¶m. nadVu dfm] ‘| bmoH$‘mݶ {VbH$ Zo ^r A§J«oOm| Ho$ {déÕ {dÐmoh H$aZo VWm OZ-OZ H$mo AmOmXr H$m ‘hËd g‘PmZo hoVw {hÝXr H$mo àMma H$m ‘mܶ‘ ~Zm¶m. CZH$m ¶h ‘mZZm Wm {H$ "{hÝXr amï´> ^mfm ~Z gH$Vr. h¡ ‘oar g‘P ‘| {hÝXr maV H$s gm‘mݶ mfm hmoZr Mm{hE, ¶m{Z g‘ñV qhXþñVmZ ‘| ~mobr OmZo dmbr ^mfm hmoZr Mm{hE.'

‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ {hÝXr gm{h˶ AH$mX‘r H$s ñWmnZm 1982 ‘| {hÝXr gm{h˶H$ma-nÌH$ma S>m. am‘‘Zmoha H$s AܶjVm ‘| hþB©. ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ {hÝXr gm{h˶ AH$mX‘r H$mo g^r {dœ {hÝXr gå‘obZm| ‘| ^mJ boZo H$m lo¶ àmá h¡. ‘amR>r ^mfm gm{h˶ Am¡a ‘hmamï´> H$s gwnwï> g§ñH¥${V {hÝXr ‘| bmZo H$s {Xem ‘| ^r {hÝXr AH$mX‘r Zo {deof à¶ËZ {H$¶o h¢. {hÝXr AH$mX‘r amï´>r¶ ñVa na ^r "‘hmamï´> ^maVr ApIb ^maVr¶ {hÝXr godm nwañH$ma' àXmZ H$aVr h¡, {OZ‘| {hÝXr Ho$ àH$m§S> {dÛmZ VWm loð> {hÝXr godr Zm‘ em{‘b h¢. ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ {hÝXr gm{h˶ AH$mX‘r H$s J{V{d{Y¶m± Ho$db ‘wå~B© VH$ gr{‘V Zht h¢. AH$mX‘r Zo Am¡a§Jm~mX, Zm§Xo‹S>, gm§Jbr, ZmJnwa, Jm|{X¶m, A‘amdVr, nwUo, gmobmnwa, bmVya, OmbZm Am{X ñWmZm| na AnZo gXñ¶m| H$s nhb na AZoH$ H$m¶©H«$‘ {H$¶o h¢.

‘hmamï´> qhXr gm{h˶ AH$mX‘r ZE gm{h˶H$mam| ‘| g¥OZerbVm ~‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE {ZV ZE H$m¶© H$a ahr h¡. ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ qhXr gm{h˶ AH$mX‘r Z Ho$db ‘w§~B© A{nVw ‘hmamï´> Ho$ g^r {Obm|,Jm§d Am¡a H$ñ~m| ‘| ^r qhXr H$mo AÀN>r Imgr nhMmZ {Xbm

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 35A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

OmbZm Am{X ñWmZm| na AnZo gXñ¶m| H$s nhb na AZoH$ H$m¶©H«$‘

‘hmamï´> qhXr gm{h˶ AH$mX‘r ZE gm{h˶H$mam| ‘| g¥OZerbVm ~‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE {ZV ZE H$m¶© H$a ahr h¡.

A{nVw ‘hmamï´> Ho$ g^r {Obm|,Jm§d Am¡a H$ñ~m| ‘| ^r qhXr H$mo AÀN>r Imgr nhMmZ {Xbm

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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34 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> H$s {d^y{V¶m±Bg {df¶ H$s ewéAmV Vmo h¡, bo{H$Z A§V Zht h¡. O¡go-O¡go {bIVo OmE§ d¡go B{Vhmg qOXm hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a h‘mao gm‘Zo gmdZ H$s Vah ~agZo bJVm h¡. h‘| draVm, gmhg, kmZ Ho$ ñnÝXZ go ^a XoVm h¡.

g§V kmZoœa go boH$a g§V JmS>Jo ~m~m H$s ~mV H$h| ¶m {’$a ‘wº$mB© go boH$a gm{dÌr, S>m°. AmZ§Xr ~mB© H$mo ¶mX H$a| ¶m {’$a ‘hmZ amOm N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO go boH$a {VbH$, Am§~oS>H$a, gmdaH$a H$s draJmWm H$h| ¶m ‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo go boH$a amZS>o, AmJaH$a, ‘hfu H$d}, ~mbJ§Yd©, ~mbH${d, Hw$gw‘mJ«O H$m JwUJmZ H$a|.

{H$gr Zo O‹S>| ‘O~yV ~Zm Xt, {H$gr Zo g‘mO H$m T>m§Mm aMm, {H$gr Zo ‘wHw$Q> M‹T>m¶m Am¡a {H$gr Zo Ab§H¥$V {H$¶m. ha {H$gr Zo g‘mO Am¡a amï> H$mo AnZr H$mo{ee, Vnñ¶m, ˶mJ go ‘hmZ ~Zm {X¶m. {OgH$m F$U AmZo dmbr nr{‹T>¶m± Mmh H$a ^r Zht MwH$m gH$Vt.

AmO ‘¢ BZ ‘hmZ hpñV¶m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| {bI ahm hÿ±, ¶o r CZH$m hr EhgmZ h¡. gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$, amOZr{VH$, Y‘© joÌ go boH$a Hw$é joÌ VH$ BZ bmoJm| Zo g‘mO H$mo ghr amh {XImB©. BZHo$ gmW go AÀN>o g‘mO H$m JR>Z hmoZm g§ d hþAm Am¡a EH$ ‘hmZ amï> H$m {Z‘m©U hþAm.

‘hmamï> H$s O~ h‘ ~mV H$aVo h¢ V~ {d y{V¶m| H$m O¡go Vm§Vm bJ OmVm h¡. g§V, boIH$, amOm, g‘mOgodr, boIH$, H${d, Jm¶H$ Am{X AZoH$ joÌm| H$s {d y{V¶m| Zo ‘hmamï> Ho$ {dñV¥V ’$bH$ H$mo AnZo H$m¶© VWm H¥$VËd go Am¡a CObm {H$¶m h¡.

g§V kmZoœa {OÝhm|Zo Bg g‘mO H$s O‹S>| ‘O~yV H$s, nyar Xþ{Z¶m, g‘ñV ‘mZd Om{V Ho$ {b¶o {OÝhm|Zo gwI em§{V Ed§ g‘mYmZ ‘m§Jm. Eogr ‘m§J {Ogo ^JdmZ ^r Rw>H$am Zht gHo$. "JrVm' O¡go ‘hmZ J«§W H$m Am‘ bmoJm| H$s ^mfm ‘| "A‘¥VmZw d' Zm‘ go AZwdmX {H$¶m. Aqhgm, ào‘, X¶m H$m nmR> g‘mO H$mo nµT>m¶m.

{Zd¥{Îm, kmZoœa, gmonmZ, Am¡a ‘wº$mB© AmXe© ~§YwËd H$m CXmhaU hmo J¶o. g‘mO CZHo$ {dMmam| na MbZo bJm. g‘mO H$mo EH$ Z¶r {Xem {‘br. Mmam§o mB©¶m| Zo g‘mO H$mo ha ‘wpíH$b KµS>r ‘| b‹S>Zm {gIm¶m. hmbmV O¡go ^r hm| h‘| A§Xa go ‘O~yV ahZm {gIm {X¶m.

13dt gXr Ho$ ~mX ‘hmamï> AZmW hmo J¶m Wm. 230 gmb VH$ Zm H$moB© amh, Zm ‘§{Ob Wr. ^Q>H$md H$s pñW{V Wr. V^r g§V Zm‘Xod, EH$ZmW Am¡a VwH$mam‘ ‘hmamO Zo g‘mO H$mo g§ mbm, g‘mO H$mo {JaZo go ~Mm {b¶m. {~Iam hþAm g‘mO EH$ amï> ~Z J¶m Am¡a àJ{V H$s Amoa ~‹T>Zo bJm.

Bg gw§Xa amï> H$mo {’$a {H$gr H$s ~war ZOa bJ JB©, A§YH$ma H$m amO ~µT>Zo bJm, Aݶm¶ H$m gm‘«mÁ¶ amO H$aZo bJm, O~ g‘mO A§Xa go Qy>Q>Zo bJm, {~IaZo bJm V~ Cgo g§dmaZo Ho$ {b¶o N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO gy¶m}X¶ ~ZH$a Am¶o Am¡a CÝhmo§Zo Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ EH$ e{º$embr gm‘«mÁ¶ ‘wJb gëVZV H$m gy¶m©ñV {H$¶m. bmoJm| H$mo Aݶm¶ Ho$ pIbm’$ b‹S>Zm {gIm¶m. EH$ Z¶r ¶wÕZr{V Jw[aëbm dma Xþ{Z¶m H$mo {gImB©. Bg VH$ZrH$ Ho$ gm‘Zo ~µS>o ~µS>o eoa T>oa hmo J¶o. MmUŠ¶ Zr{V H$m Adb§~ H$aHo$ eÌw H$mo H$‘Omoa {H$¶m. qhXdr ñdamÁ¶ H$s ñWmnZm H$aHo$ Xoe Ho$ Aݶ amOmAm| Ho$ {b¶o EH$ CÎm‘ CXmhaU Am¡a àoaUmòmoV ~Z J¶o. Am¡a§JOo~ H$mo Bgr ‘hmamï> H$s y{‘ ‘| OmZ N>mo‹S>Zr n‹S>r.

Xoe Ho$ Aݶ amOmAm| Ho$ g¡{ZH$ n¡go, BZm‘ Ho$ {b¶o b‹S>Vo Wo, bo{H$Z {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ g¡{ZH$ amï> Ho$ {b¶o, g‘mO Ho$ {b¶o b‹S>Vo Wo. Š¶m|{H$ CZH$mo ^amogm Wm {H$ ¶h {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ AHo$bo H$m H$m¶© Zht h¡. ¶h h‘mam H$m¶© h¡. {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo gd©àW‘ JUVm§{ÌH$ g‘mO H$s ñWmnZm H$s.

CZHo$ ~oQ>o g§ mOr AHo$bo Vrg gmb VH$ eÌw Ho$ gmW b‹S>o. CZH$s draVm XoI ~mXemh Am¡a§JOo~ ^r H$hVm Wm {H$ g§ mOr, O¡gm EH$ ^r ~oQ>m ‘wPo hmoVm, Vmo ‘¢ AmO nyar Xþ{Z¶m no amO H$aVm.

‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ {’$a BVZm e{º$embr hmo J¶m {H$ {X„r H$s JÔr MbmZo bJm. noedm ~mOramd ¶h Zm‘ gwZVo hr X»IZ go boH$a nmZrnV VH$ y{‘ H$m§nZo bJVr h¡. VrZ gm¡ gmb ~mX ^r CZH$s Vbdma na B{Vhmg

H$m ha nÞm Jd© ‘hgyg H$aVm h¡.

A§J«oOm| Zo Hy$Q> Zr{V H$m BñVo‘mb H$aHo$ nyao Xoe H$mo Jwbm‘ ~Zm {X¶m. H§$nZr A~ Xoe na amO H$aZo bJr Am¡a bmoJm| H$mo bJZo bJm {H$ A§J«oO h‘oem h‘oem Ho$ {bE amO H$a|Jo.

1857 ‘| ^maV Ho$ bmoJm| Zo A§J«oOm| H$mo g~H$ {gIm¶m. ZmZmgmho~ Am¡a Vm˶m Q>mono Zo ‘hmamï> H$m ZoV¥Ëd {H$¶m. Bg PQ>Ho$ Zo H§$nZr amO H$s Ztd {hbm Xr.

O~ Xoe Ho$ B{Vhmg H$m Z¶m Aܶm¶ ewê$ hmoZo dmbm Wm. ‘. ’w$bo, amZS>o, JmoIbo, bmoH$‘mݶ {VbH$, ‘hm‘mZd ~m~mgmh~ Am§~oS>H$a, gm{dÌr~mB© ’w$bo Zo g‘mO Ho$ a§J‘§M na H$X‘ aIm Wm.

‘. ’w$bo Am¡a gm{dÌr ~mB© ’w$bo Zo g‘mO H$m ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m Am¡a {ejm H$m ‘hËd g‘Pm¶m. Cg dº$ H$s ì¶dñWm Ho$ pIbm’$ OmH$a ì¶dñWm H$mo ~XbZo na ‘O~ya {H$¶m. {ejm B§gmZ H$mo OmZda hmoZo go ~MmVr h¡. AmO Xoe H$s ha

34 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

35A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

~oQ>r n‹T>Zm MmhVr h¡ AmJo ~‹T>Zm MmhVr h¡. ¶h g~ ’w$bo Xån{Îm H$s dOh go hmo nm¶m h¡.

Xoe H$s nhMmZ O~ Yw§Ybr hmoZo bJr Wr, V~ h‘| bmoH$‘mݶ {VbH$ Zo g§ mbm. {OZH$s AmdmO go e{º$embr A§J«oOr gaH$ma ^r {hbZo bJr. bmoJm| H$s X~r hþB© AmdmO H$mo bmoH$‘mݶ Zo {’$a EH$ ~ma qOXm {H$¶m Wm. nyao Xoe Zo ZB© amh na MbZm grIm. eÌw go {ZS>a hmoH$a b‹S>Zm, b‹S>mB© Ho$ Z¶o à¶moJ H$a, g‘mO H$m X~m hþAm AmH«$moe ghr amñVo na CVma H$a CÝhm|Zo H«$m§{V H$m Aܶm¶ ewé {H$¶m. bmoH$‘mݶ {VbH$ Zo bmoJm| H$mo AmË‘gå‘mZ Am¡a AmË‘ajm {gIm¶r. Aqhgm g‘mO Ho$ {b¶o AÀN>r ~mV hmoVr h¡, bo{H$Z Aqhgm H$m A{VaoH$ g‘mO Ho$ {b¶o CVZm hr hm{ZH$maH$ hmoVm h¡.

emhÿ ‘hmamO, ‘h{f© H$d}, H$‘©dra ^mD$amd nmQ>rb, AmJaH$a, BÝhm|Zo {ejm H$s O‹S>| ‘O~yV H$t Am¡a g‘mO H$mo, Xoe H$mo BgH$m ‘hËd g‘Pm¶m Xoe H$s {ejm {dH$mg ‘| BZH$m ‘hËd AgmYmaU h¡.

~mbJ§Yd©, JS>H$ar, ‘hmZ ZmQ>H$H$ma, gm{h˶H$ma aho h¢, BÝhm|Zo ‘amR>r ^mfm H$mo g‘¥Õ {H$¶m. CZH$s Vnñ¶m, ˶mJ go g‘mO H$mo, Xoe H$mo g§ñH¥${V, na§nam Omar aIZo H$s grI {‘br.

Xoe Ho$ ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m‘ ‘| dra gmdaH$a H$m ñWmZ Y«wd Vmao H$s Vah h¡. do Xoe^{º$ H$m CÎm‘ CXmhaU ~Zo.

‘hmamï> H$s {d y{V¶m| ‘| ‘{hbmAm| H$mo ZOaA§XmO Zht H$a gH$Vo. amï>‘mVm {OOmD$, gm{dÌr ~mB© ’w$bo, AmZ§Xr~mB© Omoer, A{hë¶m ~mB© hmoiH$a, a‘m~mB© amZS>o Zo ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ A{YH$ma, ñdV§Ì ApñVËd, Hw$Qw>§~ ì¶dñWm ‘| CZH$m ñWmZ Am{X ~mVmo§ Ho$ O[aE AmË‘ Jm¡ad H$s ‘emb ObmB©.

O~ ^maV EH$ amï> ~ZZo H$s amh na Wm, V~ CgH$s àJ{V Ho$ ~rM Om{VdmX H$m nhm‹S> IµS>m Wm. S>m° ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a Or Zo Cgo OµS> go {ZH$mbZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s. do AmYw{ZH$ maV Ho$ "AmYw{ZH$ ‘Zw' H$hbmE. ~m~mgmho~ Zo Xoe H$mo g§{dYmZ {X¶m. h‘ g^r CZH$s XÿaX{e©Vm Ho$ F$Ur ah|Jo. CÝhm|Zo Om{V, Y‘© go ~‹T>H$a B§gmZ H$mo nhMmZ Xr. ^maV H$mo Xþ{Z¶m H$m g~go {dñV¥V g§{dYmZ {X¶m. EH$ AmXe© amÁ¶ H$s ì¶dñWm Xr. g~go AZ‘mob MrO ¶h h¡ {H$ CÝhm|Zo OmVo-OmVo h‘| h‘mam Imo¶m hþAm ~wÕ Xo {X¶m.

‘hmamï> H$s ‘hmZ {d y{V¶m| Zo nyao Xoe H$s N>mVr Jd© go ’w$bm Xr. BZ {d y{V¶m| Zo AnZo n[al‘, ˶mJ, AmXe© go EH$ amÁ¶ H$mo ‘hmZ amï>, "‘hmamï>' ~Zm {X¶m.

lrH$m§V JmogmdrB§Xmnwa emIm, nwUo

‘hmamï´> H$m ¶moJXmZHo$ {dH$mg ‘|

"{hÝXr' ^mfm Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| CXÿ©, ’$magr, Am¶© ^mfmAm| go boH$a {dœ H$r {d{^Þ ^mfmAm| H$m ¶moJXmZ ahm h¡. ~XbVo g‘¶ Ho$ gmW {d{^Þ ^mfm-^mfr bmoJm| Zo {hÝXr ^mfm H$mo AnZmH$a {hÝXr Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg ‘| AnZm ¶moJXmZ {X¶m. Eogm hr ¶moJXmZ ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ H$m h¡. ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ Ho$ bmoJm| ‘| {hÝXr Ho$ à{V ào‘, AnZËd d g‘P H$mo gZ 1857 Ho$ {dÐmoh go hr XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡, Omo {hÝXr ^mfr àm§V ‘oaR> go ewê$ hþAm VWm {OVZo Omoe go Bg {dÐmoh H$m g‘W©Z CÎma ^maV ‘| {H$¶m J¶m CVZr hr à~bVm Ed§ Omoe Ho$ gmW AnZmH$a H$mZnwa, Pm±gr Am{X Ho$ ‘amR>m emgH$m| Zo Bg‘| AnZm A^yVnyd© ¶moJXmZ {X¶m. nadVu dfm] ‘| bmoH$‘mݶ {VbH$ Zo ^r A§J«oOm| Ho$ {déÕ {dÐmoh H$aZo VWm OZ-OZ H$mo AmOmXr H$m ‘hËd g‘PmZo hoVw {hÝXr H$mo àMma H$m ‘mܶ‘ ~Zm¶m. CZH$m ¶h ‘mZZm Wm {H$ "{hÝXr amï´> ^mfm ~Z gH$Vr. h¡ ‘oar g‘P ‘| {hÝXr maV H$s gm‘mݶ mfm hmoZr Mm{hE, ¶m{Z g‘ñV qhXþñVmZ ‘| ~mobr OmZo dmbr ^mfm hmoZr Mm{hE.'

‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ {hÝXr gm{h˶ AH$mX‘r H$s ñWmnZm 1982 ‘| {hÝXr gm{h˶H$ma-nÌH$ma S>m. am‘‘Zmoha H$s AܶjVm ‘| hþB©. ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ {hÝXr gm{h˶ AH$mX‘r H$mo g^r {dœ {hÝXr gå‘obZm| ‘| ^mJ boZo H$m lo¶ àmá h¡. ‘amR>r ^mfm gm{h˶ Am¡a ‘hmamï´> H$s gwnwï> g§ñH¥${V {hÝXr ‘| bmZo H$s {Xem ‘| ^r {hÝXr AH$mX‘r Zo {deof à¶ËZ {H$¶o h¢. {hÝXr AH$mX‘r amï´>r¶ ñVa na ^r "‘hmamï´> ^maVr ApIb ^maVr¶ {hÝXr godm nwañH$ma' àXmZ H$aVr h¡, {OZ‘| {hÝXr Ho$ àH$m§S> {dÛmZ VWm loð> {hÝXr godr Zm‘ em{‘b h¢. ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ {hÝXr gm{h˶ AH$mX‘r H$s J{V{d{Y¶m± Ho$db ‘wå~B© VH$ gr{‘V Zht h¢. AH$mX‘r Zo Am¡a§Jm~mX, Zm§Xo‹S>, gm§Jbr, ZmJnwa, Jm|{X¶m, A‘amdVr, nwUo, gmobmnwa, bmVya, OmbZm Am{X ñWmZm| na AnZo gXñ¶m| H$s nhb na AZoH$ H$m¶©H«$‘ {H$¶o h¢.

‘hmamï´> qhXr gm{h˶ AH$mX‘r ZE gm{h˶H$mam| ‘| g¥OZerbVm ~‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE {ZV ZE H$m¶© H$a ahr h¡. ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ qhXr gm{h˶ AH$mX‘r Z Ho$db ‘w§~B© A{nVw ‘hmamï´> Ho$ g^r {Obm|,Jm§d Am¡a H$ñ~m| ‘| ^r qhXr H$mo AÀN>r Imgr nhMmZ {Xbm

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 35A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

OmbZm Am{X ñWmZm| na AnZo gXñ¶m| H$s nhb na AZoH$ H$m¶©H«$‘

‘hmamï´> qhXr gm{h˶ AH$mX‘r ZE gm{h˶H$mam| ‘| g¥OZerbVm ~‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE {ZV ZE H$m¶© H$a ahr h¡.

A{nVw ‘hmamï´> Ho$ g^r {Obm|,Jm§d Am¡a H$ñ~m| ‘| ^r qhXr H$mo AÀN>r Imgr nhMmZ {Xbm

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

Page 36: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

36 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

à¶mg {H$E. BÝhm|Zo ‘hmamï´> ‘| {hÝXr Ho$ àMma-àgma hoVw 22 ‘B©, 1937 H$mo "‘hmamï´> amï´>^mfm g^m' Zm‘ go EH$ {hÝXr g^m H$s ñWmnZm H$s, {OgH$s {ZåZ{bpIV Zr{V¶m± Wr:

àXoem| ‘| àmXo{eH$ ^mfmAm| H$m ñWmZ Am¡a ‘mZ ~Zm aho. A§V:àm§Vr¶ ì¶dhma Ho$ {b¶o amï´>^mfm H$mo à¶wº$ {H$¶m OmE.

amï´>^mfm àMma amï´> Ho$ Zd{Z‘m©U H$m VWm amï´>r¶ EH$Vm Ho$ g§dY©Z H$m EH$ loð> aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶© h¡.

amï´>^mfm H$m ñdê$n gd©g§J«mhH$ hmo. amï´>^mfm H$s h‘mar ì¶m»¶m Bg àH$ma h¡: ^maV ‘| A§V:àm§Vr¶ ì¶dhma Ho$ {b¶o {Og EH$ ^mfm H$m Cn¶moJ g{X¶m| go Am‘ Vm¡a na MbVm Am ahm h¡ dh h‘mar amï´>^mfm h¡.

amï´>^mfm H$m {dH$mg Xoe H$s àmXo{eH$ ^mfmAm| Ho$ g§nH©$ go g§nÞ hmoVm aho.

‘hmamï´> amï´> g^m H$s ¶h Zr{V¶m§ {hÝXr hoVw Z Ho$db ‘hmamï´>dm{g¶m| H$s OmJê$H$Vm, CZHo$ ào‘ H$mo Xem©Vr h¡ ~pëH$ {hÝXr ^mfm H$m ‘hmamï´> ‘| {dH$mg Ho$ {bE amñVo H$mo gwÑ‹T> H$aVr h¡. g‘¶-g‘¶ na ‘hmamï´> ‘| {hÝXr Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw H$B© g{‘{V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m J¶m {Og‘| df© 2003 ‘| ‘w§~B© ^maVr¶ ^mfm à{Vð>mZ amï´>r¶ n[afX H$s ñWmnZm ^r CëboIZr¶ h¡, {OgH$m CÔoí¶ Y‘©, ^mfm, g§àXm¶, Om{V, dJ© Ho$ ^oX^md Ho$ nao {hÝXr H$mo {ejm d {dMma gåàofU H$m ‘mܶ‘ ~ZmZo hoVw bmoJm| H$mo OmJê$H$ H$aZm h¡. H$hZm Z hmoJm {H$ {hÝXr Ho$ {Og n[a‘m{O©V ê$n H$m AmO h‘ g^r Aܶ¶Z H$a aho h¢ CgHo$ {dH$mg ‘| Am{XH$mb go boH$a AmYw{ZH$H$mb VH$ ‘hmamï´> Zo C„oIZr¶ ^y{‘H$m {Z^mB© h¡.

36 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

lÕm nmÊS>o¶jo.H$m., à¶mJamO

ahr h¡. Xoe Ho$ {d{^Þ H$moZm| go qhXr Ho$ d[að> gm{h˶H$mam| Zo AmH$a a§J‘§M, {WEQ>g© Ed§ {’$ë‘ ‘| AnZr godmE§ Xr h¢ Am¡a dV©‘mZ ‘| Xo ^r aho h¢. ‘w§~B© Ho$ {demb a§J‘§M Ed§ {’$ë‘m| Zo Ho$db Q>obr{dOZ H$s Xþ{Z¶m H$mo g‘¥Õ {H$¶m h¡ A{nVw à˶oH$ AqhXr ^mfr ^maVr¶ d {dXo{e¶m| H$mo ^r {hÝXr JmZo, CZH$s Vmbmo§ na Py‘Zo na ‘O~ya H$a, {dœ ‘| {hÝXr H$mo AbJ nhMmZ {XbmB© h¡.

‘amR>d‹mS>m, ‘hmamï´> ‘| OÝ‘| Zm‘Xod Or Zo ^r {hÝXr ‘| A^§J H$s aMZm H$s h¡ O¡go: "har Zm§d gH$b gwfZ H$s am{e, har Zm§‘ H$mQ>o Om‘ H$s nmgr...'

H$~ra O~ ¶h H$hVo h¢...

gVJwé gdm± Z H$mo gJm, gmoYr gB© Z Xm{V.h[a{O gdm± Z H$mo {hVy, h[aOZ gB© Z Om{V..

H$~ra H$s gmIr na Zm‘Xod Or Ho$ {hÝXr H$m hr Vmo à^md {XIVm h¡. AWm©V h‘ ¶h H$h gH$Vo h¡§ {H$ H$~ra H$s Omo gmpI¶m§ ~a~g h‘mam ܶmZ AnZr Amoa ItM boVt h¡§, h‘| JwZJwZmZo na ‘O~ya H$a XoVr h§¡, CgH$m {dH$mg ‘hmamï´> ‘| hþAm Wm. ar{VH$mbrZ à{gÕ {hÝXr H${d, ^yfU ‘hmamï´> {eamo‘{U N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ amO H${d Wo, H${d ^yfU Zo dra ag go AmoVàmoV "{edamO ^yfU' VWm "{ed ~mdZr' O¡gr ‘hmZ aMZm H$s, {Oggo ¶h ñnï> h¡ {H$ {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo {hÝXr H$mo amOml¶ àXmZ {H$¶m Wm. {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ nwÌ g§^mOr ‘hmamO ñd¶§ H${d Wo VWm {hÝXr Ho$ {dÛmZ Wo. ‘amR>r ^mfr AZoH$ boIH$m| Zo qhXr H$mo AnZmH$a CVZr hr ‘m¡{bH$Vm go qhXr gm{h˶ ‘| AnZm ¶moJXmZ {X¶m. ñd. H$mH$mgmho~ H$mbobH$a, AZ§V Jmonmb eodS>o, M§ÐH$m§V ~m§XrdS>oH$a, S>m°. Xm‘moXa IS>go, M§ÐH$m§V XodVmbo Am{X AZoH$ Eogo Zm‘ h¢, Omo qhXr ‘| AnZr nhMmZ H$m¶‘ {H$¶o hþE h¢.

‘amR>r ^mfm ~mhþë¶ ‘hmamï´> ‘| {hÝXr H$m àMma Ed§ àgma H$aZo hoVw ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr Or H$s àoaUm go AmMm¶© H$mH$mgmho~ H$mbobH$a Zo AWH$

‘hmamï´> H$m ImZ nmZ Ed§ nhZmdm

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

37A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> Vy, amï´> ‘hmZ, h¡ VwbZm Voar, AVwbZr¶.g‘¥Õ ~Zm¶m, ^maV H$mo, Vy bKw ^maV, Vy d§XZr¶.

Cº$ n§p³V¶m§ {Z{üV hr ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ H$s ‘hmZVm H$mo Xem©Vr h¢. ‘hmamï´> H$mo ^maV Ho$ g~go YZr Ed§ g‘¥Õ amÁ¶m| ‘| OmZm OmVm h¡. "‘hmamï´'> eãX g§ñH¥$V H$m h¡ Omo Xmo Ajam| go {‘bH$a ~Zm h¡, "‘hm' VWm "amï´'> BgH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ ‘hmZ Xoe. ‘hmamï´> H$s amOYmZr ‘w§~B© h¡ Omo ^maV H$m g~go ~‹S>m eha Am¡a Xoe H$s Am{W©H$ amOYmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r OmZm OmVm h¡. nwUo eha Zo AZwHy$b eha Ho$ gd} ‘| nhbm ñWmZ àmá {H$¶m h¡ dht 110 eham| ‘|, Zdr ‘w§~B© Am¡a J«oQ>a ‘w§~B© Zo Xÿgam Am¡a Vrgam ñWmZ àmá {H$¶m h¡. Bg àH$ma Q>m°n Xg eham| H$s {bñQ> ‘| àW‘ VrZ eha Vmo ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ Ho$ hr h¢. O~{H$ R>mUo gmVdo§ ñWmZ na ahm h¡, AV… {Z{üV hr ‘hmamï´> H$s g‘¥{Õ H$m A§XmµOm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡.

{H$gr r amÁ¶ H$s gwI g‘¥{Õ CgH$s g§ñH¥${V na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡ Am¡a Bg‘| dhm§ Ho$ ImZ nmZ Am¡a nhZmdo H$m ^r ~‹T>m ¶moJXmZ ahVm h¡.

^moOZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$db Or{dV ahZo Ho$ {bE Zht ~pëH$ ñdñW Am¡a g{H«$¶ OrdZ {~VmZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡. ^moOZ D$Om© H$m Ëd[aV òmoV h¡. na§namJV ê$n go, ‘hmam{ï´>¶m| Zo AnZo ^moOZ H$mo Xÿgam| H$s VwbZm ‘| A{YH$ Ñ‹T> ‘mZm h¡. ‘hmamï´> Ho$ 춧OZm| H$s Im{g¶V h¡ {H$ ¶o ImZo ‘| hëHo$, nm¡{ï>H$, Am¡a ‘gmboXma ^r hmoVo h¡§. ‘w»¶ ImÚ nXmWm] ‘| Johÿ§, Mmdb, Ádma, ~mOam, gpãO¶m§, ‘gya Am¡a ’$b Amhma em{‘b h¢. My§{H$ ‘y§J’$br Am¡a H$mOy H$s n¡Xmdma ^r ‘hmamï´> ‘| A{YH$ hmoVr h¡ AV… h‘ nmE§Jo {H$ ‘hmamï´> Ho$ A{YH$Va 춧OZm| ‘| ‘y§J’$br Am¡a H$mOy H$mo {H$gr Z {H$gr àH$ma go à¶moJ ‘| bm¶m OmVm h¡. Zm[a¶b H$m BñVo‘mb ^r {H$¶m OmVm h¡. ‘hmamï´> Ho$ 춧OZm| H$mo ‘w»¶ ê$n go emH$mhmar Am¡a ‘m§gmhmar dJ© ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡. ¶hm h‘ ‘hmamï´> Ho$ Hw$N> Img à{gÕ ì¶§OZm| H$s ~mV H$a|Jo.

d‹S>m nmd:-

d‹S>m nmd ‘w§~B© H$m ng§XrXm ZmíVm h¡. AJa AmnZo ¶hm§ AmH$a d‹S>m

nmd Zht Im¶m Vmo ¶hm§ AmZm ~oH$ma ‘mZm OmVm h¡. ¶h nmd Ho$

A§Xa MQ>Zr H$s bo¶a Am¡a ~Q>mQ>m d‹S>m bJmH$a namogm OmVm h¡. ¶h

EH$ bmoH${ච^maVr¶ ñQ´>rQ> ’y$S> ao{gnr h¡ Omo ‘w»¶ ê$n go nmd

~«oS> Am¡a S>rn ’«$mBS> ~Q>mQ>m d‹S>m ñQ>q’$J Ho$ gmW V¡¶ma H$s OmVr

h¡. Bgo ^maVr¶ ~J©a ¶m ~m°å~o ~J©a Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r OmZm OmVm h¡.

~m°å~o ^ob:-

^obnwar ‘hmamï´> H$m MQ>nQ>m ZmíVm h¡. ¶h nâS> amBg, Q>‘mQ>a,

{e‘bm {‘M©, H$B© Vah H$s Z‘H$sZ Am¡a IÅ>r ‘rR>r B‘br H$s

MQ>Zr go ~ZmB© OmVr h¡. ¶h Z Ho$db ImZo ‘| ñdm{Xï> h¡ ~pëH$

~ZmZo ‘| r AmgmZ h¡. ¶h ‘wa‘wao, god, Q>‘mQ>a, Amby, ߶mO, Am¡a

IÅ>r {‘Æ>r MQ>{Z¶m| H$m EH$ {‘lU h¡. ‘w§~B© ‘| ^ob nyar Jbr -

Jbr ‘| {~H$Vr hþB© ZOa Am OmEJr. AJa h‘mao nmg gmar MQ>{Z¶m§

CnbãY h¡ Vmo h‘ ~g Amby C~mb H$a PQ> nQ> MmQ> ~Zm gH$Vo h¡.

‘moXH$:-

"‘moX' ¶mZr AmZ§X d "H$' H$m AW© h¡ N>moQ>m-gm ^mJ. AV… ‘moXH$

¶mZr AmZ§X H$m N>moQ>m-gm ^mJ. ^JdmZ JUoe Ho$ hmWm| ‘| ‘moXH$

Xem©¶m OmVm h¡. hmW ‘| aIo ‘moXH$ H$m AW© h¡ {H$ Cg hmW ‘|

AmZ§X àXmZ H$aZo H$s e{º$ h¡.

‘moXH$ ‘hmamï´> H$s emZ h¡. JUoe MVwWu Ho$ Xm¡amZ ^JdmZ JUoe

H$mo BgH$m ^moJ bJm¶m OmVm h¡. BgHo$ A§Xa Jw‹S> Am¡a Zm[a¶b H$s

{’$qbJ H$s OmVr h¡. AmOH$b Vmo Ho$ga ‘moXH$, Mm°H$moboQ> ‘moXH$,

nZra ‘moXH$ Am{X H$B© Vah Ho$ ‘moXH$ ~ZmE OmVo h¢.

‘hmamï´>r¶Z H$‹T>r:-

‘hmamï´> H$s EH$ Am¡a ’o$‘g {S>e h¡ H$‹T>r. Bgo ~ZmZo ‘| Xhr

Am¡a ~ogZ H$m BñVo‘mb {H$¶m OmVm h¡. Bg‘| gagm| Am¡a H$‹T>>r

nÎmo H$m V‹S>H$m bJm¶m OmVm h¡. ~ogZ H$mo Xhr ‘| {‘bmH$a Cg‘|

Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ AZwê$n nmZr {‘bmH$a aIm OmVm h¡. {’$a H$‹T>mB© ‘|

gagm| H$m Vob Ja‘ H$a amB©, Orao, H$‹T>r nÎmo, har {‘Mu Ho$ V‹S>Ho$

go Bg {‘lU H$mo ~Kma {b¶m OmVm h¡. bmb {‘M©, hëXr, Z‘H$,

S>mb H$a Cgo AÀN>o go C~mbZo na ñdm{Xï> H$‹T>r V¡¶ma hmo OmVr h¡.

‘hmamï´> H$m ImZ nmZ Ed§ nhZmdm

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 37A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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36 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

à¶mg {H$E. BÝhm|Zo ‘hmamï´> ‘| {hÝXr Ho$ àMma-àgma hoVw 22 ‘B©, 1937 H$mo "‘hmamï´> amï´>^mfm g^m' Zm‘ go EH$ {hÝXr g^m H$s ñWmnZm H$s, {OgH$s {ZåZ{bpIV Zr{V¶m± Wr:

àXoem| ‘| àmXo{eH$ ^mfmAm| H$m ñWmZ Am¡a ‘mZ ~Zm aho. A§V:àm§Vr¶ ì¶dhma Ho$ {b¶o amï´>^mfm H$mo à¶wº$ {H$¶m OmE.

amï´>^mfm àMma amï´> Ho$ Zd{Z‘m©U H$m VWm amï´>r¶ EH$Vm Ho$ g§dY©Z H$m EH$ loð> aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶© h¡.

amï´>^mfm H$m ñdê$n gd©g§J«mhH$ hmo. amï´>^mfm H$s h‘mar ì¶m»¶m Bg àH$ma h¡: ^maV ‘| A§V:àm§Vr¶ ì¶dhma Ho$ {b¶o {Og EH$ ^mfm H$m Cn¶moJ g{X¶m| go Am‘ Vm¡a na MbVm Am ahm h¡ dh h‘mar amï´>^mfm h¡.

amï´>^mfm H$m {dH$mg Xoe H$s àmXo{eH$ ^mfmAm| Ho$ g§nH©$ go g§nÞ hmoVm aho.

‘hmamï´> amï´> g^m H$s ¶h Zr{V¶m§ {hÝXr hoVw Z Ho$db ‘hmamï´>dm{g¶m| H$s OmJê$H$Vm, CZHo$ ào‘ H$mo Xem©Vr h¡ ~pëH$ {hÝXr ^mfm H$m ‘hmamï´> ‘| {dH$mg Ho$ {bE amñVo H$mo gwÑ‹T> H$aVr h¡. g‘¶-g‘¶ na ‘hmamï´> ‘| {hÝXr Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw H$B© g{‘{V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m J¶m {Og‘| df© 2003 ‘| ‘w§~B© ^maVr¶ ^mfm à{Vð>mZ amï´>r¶ n[afX H$s ñWmnZm ^r CëboIZr¶ h¡, {OgH$m CÔoí¶ Y‘©, ^mfm, g§àXm¶, Om{V, dJ© Ho$ ^oX^md Ho$ nao {hÝXr H$mo {ejm d {dMma gåàofU H$m ‘mܶ‘ ~ZmZo hoVw bmoJm| H$mo OmJê$H$ H$aZm h¡. H$hZm Z hmoJm {H$ {hÝXr Ho$ {Og n[a‘m{O©V ê$n H$m AmO h‘ g^r Aܶ¶Z H$a aho h¢ CgHo$ {dH$mg ‘| Am{XH$mb go boH$a AmYw{ZH$H$mb VH$ ‘hmamï´> Zo C„oIZr¶ ^y{‘H$m {Z^mB© h¡.

36 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

lÕm nmÊS>o¶jo.H$m., à¶mJamO

ahr h¡. Xoe Ho$ {d{^Þ H$moZm| go qhXr Ho$ d[að> gm{h˶H$mam| Zo AmH$a a§J‘§M, {WEQ>g© Ed§ {’$ë‘ ‘| AnZr godmE§ Xr h¢ Am¡a dV©‘mZ ‘| Xo ^r aho h¢. ‘w§~B© Ho$ {demb a§J‘§M Ed§ {’$ë‘m| Zo Ho$db Q>obr{dOZ H$s Xþ{Z¶m H$mo g‘¥Õ {H$¶m h¡ A{nVw à˶oH$ AqhXr ^mfr ^maVr¶ d {dXo{e¶m| H$mo ^r {hÝXr JmZo, CZH$s Vmbmo§ na Py‘Zo na ‘O~ya H$a, {dœ ‘| {hÝXr H$mo AbJ nhMmZ {XbmB© h¡.

‘amR>d‹mS>m, ‘hmamï´> ‘| OÝ‘| Zm‘Xod Or Zo ^r {hÝXr ‘| A^§J H$s aMZm H$s h¡ O¡go: "har Zm§d gH$b gwfZ H$s am{e, har Zm§‘ H$mQ>o Om‘ H$s nmgr...'

H$~ra O~ ¶h H$hVo h¢...

gVJwé gdm± Z H$mo gJm, gmoYr gB© Z Xm{V.h[a{O gdm± Z H$mo {hVy, h[aOZ gB© Z Om{V..

H$~ra H$s gmIr na Zm‘Xod Or Ho$ {hÝXr H$m hr Vmo à^md {XIVm h¡. AWm©V h‘ ¶h H$h gH$Vo h¡§ {H$ H$~ra H$s Omo gmpI¶m§ ~a~g h‘mam ܶmZ AnZr Amoa ItM boVt h¡§, h‘| JwZJwZmZo na ‘O~ya H$a XoVr h§¡, CgH$m {dH$mg ‘hmamï´> ‘| hþAm Wm. ar{VH$mbrZ à{gÕ {hÝXr H${d, ^yfU ‘hmamï´> {eamo‘{U N>Ìn{V {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ amO H${d Wo, H${d ^yfU Zo dra ag go AmoVàmoV "{edamO ^yfU' VWm "{ed ~mdZr' O¡gr ‘hmZ aMZm H$s, {Oggo ¶h ñnï> h¡ {H$ {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo {hÝXr H$mo amOml¶ àXmZ {H$¶m Wm. {edmOr ‘hmamO Ho$ nwÌ g§^mOr ‘hmamO ñd¶§ H${d Wo VWm {hÝXr Ho$ {dÛmZ Wo. ‘amR>r ^mfr AZoH$ boIH$m| Zo qhXr H$mo AnZmH$a CVZr hr ‘m¡{bH$Vm go qhXr gm{h˶ ‘| AnZm ¶moJXmZ {X¶m. ñd. H$mH$mgmho~ H$mbobH$a, AZ§V Jmonmb eodS>o, M§ÐH$m§V ~m§XrdS>oH$a, S>m°. Xm‘moXa IS>go, M§ÐH$m§V XodVmbo Am{X AZoH$ Eogo Zm‘ h¢, Omo qhXr ‘| AnZr nhMmZ H$m¶‘ {H$¶o hþE h¢.

‘amR>r ^mfm ~mhþë¶ ‘hmamï´> ‘| {hÝXr H$m àMma Ed§ àgma H$aZo hoVw ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr Or H$s àoaUm go AmMm¶© H$mH$mgmho~ H$mbobH$a Zo AWH$

‘hmamï´> H$m ImZ nmZ Ed§ nhZmdm

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

37A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> Vy, amï´> ‘hmZ, h¡ VwbZm Voar, AVwbZr¶.g‘¥Õ ~Zm¶m, ^maV H$mo, Vy bKw ^maV, Vy d§XZr¶.

Cº$ n§p³V¶m§ {Z{üV hr ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ H$s ‘hmZVm H$mo Xem©Vr h¢. ‘hmamï´> H$mo ^maV Ho$ g~go YZr Ed§ g‘¥Õ amÁ¶m| ‘| OmZm OmVm h¡. "‘hmamï´'> eãX g§ñH¥$V H$m h¡ Omo Xmo Ajam| go {‘bH$a ~Zm h¡, "‘hm' VWm "amï´'> BgH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ ‘hmZ Xoe. ‘hmamï´> H$s amOYmZr ‘w§~B© h¡ Omo ^maV H$m g~go ~‹S>m eha Am¡a Xoe H$s Am{W©H$ amOYmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r OmZm OmVm h¡. nwUo eha Zo AZwHy$b eha Ho$ gd} ‘| nhbm ñWmZ àmá {H$¶m h¡ dht 110 eham| ‘|, Zdr ‘w§~B© Am¡a J«oQ>a ‘w§~B© Zo Xÿgam Am¡a Vrgam ñWmZ àmá {H$¶m h¡. Bg àH$ma Q>m°n Xg eham| H$s {bñQ> ‘| àW‘ VrZ eha Vmo ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ Ho$ hr h¢. O~{H$ R>mUo gmVdo§ ñWmZ na ahm h¡, AV… {Z{üV hr ‘hmamï´> H$s g‘¥{Õ H$m A§XmµOm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡.

{H$gr r amÁ¶ H$s gwI g‘¥{Õ CgH$s g§ñH¥${V na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡ Am¡a Bg‘| dhm§ Ho$ ImZ nmZ Am¡a nhZmdo H$m ^r ~‹T>m ¶moJXmZ ahVm h¡.

^moOZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$db Or{dV ahZo Ho$ {bE Zht ~pëH$ ñdñW Am¡a g{H«$¶ OrdZ {~VmZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡. ^moOZ D$Om© H$m Ëd[aV òmoV h¡. na§namJV ê$n go, ‘hmam{ï´>¶m| Zo AnZo ^moOZ H$mo Xÿgam| H$s VwbZm ‘| A{YH$ Ñ‹T> ‘mZm h¡. ‘hmamï´> Ho$ 춧OZm| H$s Im{g¶V h¡ {H$ ¶o ImZo ‘| hëHo$, nm¡{ï>H$, Am¡a ‘gmboXma ^r hmoVo h¡§. ‘w»¶ ImÚ nXmWm] ‘| Johÿ§, Mmdb, Ádma, ~mOam, gpãO¶m§, ‘gya Am¡a ’$b Amhma em{‘b h¢. My§{H$ ‘y§J’$br Am¡a H$mOy H$s n¡Xmdma ^r ‘hmamï´> ‘| A{YH$ hmoVr h¡ AV… h‘ nmE§Jo {H$ ‘hmamï´> Ho$ A{YH$Va 춧OZm| ‘| ‘y§J’$br Am¡a H$mOy H$mo {H$gr Z {H$gr àH$ma go à¶moJ ‘| bm¶m OmVm h¡. Zm[a¶b H$m BñVo‘mb ^r {H$¶m OmVm h¡. ‘hmamï´> Ho$ 춧OZm| H$mo ‘w»¶ ê$n go emH$mhmar Am¡a ‘m§gmhmar dJ© ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡. ¶hm h‘ ‘hmamï´> Ho$ Hw$N> Img à{gÕ ì¶§OZm| H$s ~mV H$a|Jo.

d‹S>m nmd:-

d‹S>m nmd ‘w§~B© H$m ng§XrXm ZmíVm h¡. AJa AmnZo ¶hm§ AmH$a d‹S>m

nmd Zht Im¶m Vmo ¶hm§ AmZm ~oH$ma ‘mZm OmVm h¡. ¶h nmd Ho$

A§Xa MQ>Zr H$s bo¶a Am¡a ~Q>mQ>m d‹S>m bJmH$a namogm OmVm h¡. ¶h

EH$ bmoH${ච^maVr¶ ñQ´>rQ> ’y$S> ao{gnr h¡ Omo ‘w»¶ ê$n go nmd

~«oS> Am¡a S>rn ’«$mBS> ~Q>mQ>m d‹S>m ñQ>q’$J Ho$ gmW V¡¶ma H$s OmVr

h¡. Bgo ^maVr¶ ~J©a ¶m ~m°å~o ~J©a Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r OmZm OmVm h¡.

~m°å~o ^ob:-

^obnwar ‘hmamï´> H$m MQ>nQ>m ZmíVm h¡. ¶h nâS> amBg, Q>‘mQ>a,

{e‘bm {‘M©, H$B© Vah H$s Z‘H$sZ Am¡a IÅ>r ‘rR>r B‘br H$s

MQ>Zr go ~ZmB© OmVr h¡. ¶h Z Ho$db ImZo ‘| ñdm{Xï> h¡ ~pëH$

~ZmZo ‘| r AmgmZ h¡. ¶h ‘wa‘wao, god, Q>‘mQ>a, Amby, ߶mO, Am¡a

IÅ>r {‘Æ>r MQ>{Z¶m| H$m EH$ {‘lU h¡. ‘w§~B© ‘| ^ob nyar Jbr -

Jbr ‘| {~H$Vr hþB© ZOa Am OmEJr. AJa h‘mao nmg gmar MQ>{Z¶m§

CnbãY h¡ Vmo h‘ ~g Amby C~mb H$a PQ> nQ> MmQ> ~Zm gH$Vo h¡.

‘moXH$:-

"‘moX' ¶mZr AmZ§X d "H$' H$m AW© h¡ N>moQ>m-gm ^mJ. AV… ‘moXH$

¶mZr AmZ§X H$m N>moQ>m-gm ^mJ. ^JdmZ JUoe Ho$ hmWm| ‘| ‘moXH$

Xem©¶m OmVm h¡. hmW ‘| aIo ‘moXH$ H$m AW© h¡ {H$ Cg hmW ‘|

AmZ§X àXmZ H$aZo H$s e{º$ h¡.

‘moXH$ ‘hmamï´> H$s emZ h¡. JUoe MVwWu Ho$ Xm¡amZ ^JdmZ JUoe

H$mo BgH$m ^moJ bJm¶m OmVm h¡. BgHo$ A§Xa Jw‹S> Am¡a Zm[a¶b H$s

{’$qbJ H$s OmVr h¡. AmOH$b Vmo Ho$ga ‘moXH$, Mm°H$moboQ> ‘moXH$,

nZra ‘moXH$ Am{X H$B© Vah Ho$ ‘moXH$ ~ZmE OmVo h¢.

‘hmamï´>r¶Z H$‹T>r:-

‘hmamï´> H$s EH$ Am¡a ’o$‘g {S>e h¡ H$‹T>r. Bgo ~ZmZo ‘| Xhr

Am¡a ~ogZ H$m BñVo‘mb {H$¶m OmVm h¡. Bg‘| gagm| Am¡a H$‹T>>r

nÎmo H$m V‹S>H$m bJm¶m OmVm h¡. ~ogZ H$mo Xhr ‘| {‘bmH$a Cg‘|

Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ AZwê$n nmZr {‘bmH$a aIm OmVm h¡. {’$a H$‹T>mB© ‘|

gagm| H$m Vob Ja‘ H$a amB©, Orao, H$‹T>r nÎmo, har {‘Mu Ho$ V‹S>Ho$

go Bg {‘lU H$mo ~Kma {b¶m OmVm h¡. bmb {‘M©, hëXr, Z‘H$,

S>mb H$a Cgo AÀN>o go C~mbZo na ñdm{Xï> H$‹T>r V¡¶ma hmo OmVr h¡.

‘hmamï´> H$m ImZ nmZ Ed§ nhZmdm

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gm~yXmZm pIM‹S>r:-

gm~yXmZm pIM‹S>r H$mo ¶hm§ Ho$ bmoJ d«V-Cndmg Ho$ Xm¡amZ ImVo h¢. gm~yXmZm H$mo {^JmoH$a Bgo ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm, Bg‘| ‘y§J’$br Am¡a H$ar nÎmm S>mbZo go BgH$m ñdmX Am¡a ^r ~‹T> OmVm h¡. Bgo ~ZmZo ‘| g‘¶ ^r ~hþV H$‘ bJVm h¡.

gm~yXmZo H$mo Hw$N> K§Q>m| Ho$ {bE {^JmoH$a aIm OmVm h¡. {’$a ^yZr hþB© ‘y§J ’$br Ho$ gmW, har {‘M©, H$‹T>>r nÎmo H$m V‹S>H$m bJmH$a ~Kmam OmVm h¡, Amdí¶H$Vm AZwê$n g¢Ym Z‘H$, bmb{‘M© S>mb H$a ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡.

WmbrnrR>:-

¶h EH$ ‘amR>r 춧OZ h¡ Omo H$B© Xmb Am¡a AZmO Ho$ AmQ>o go ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡. WmbrnrR> ñdmX Ho$ gmW-gmW gohV‘§X ^r h¡. ‘ëQ>rJ«oZ AmQ>m, {‘M© ‘gmbo Am¡a VmOm gpãO¶m§ {‘bm H$a ~Zr ‘hmamï´> H$s naånamJV ao{gnr WmbrnrR> {OVZr ñdm{Xï> h¡, CVZr nm¡{ï>H$ ^r h¡§.

{‘gb nmd:-

H$moëhmnwar ñdmX h¡, {‘gb nmd. ¶h ‘w§~B© ‘| ^r H$m’$s ‘ehÿa h¡. Bgo ~«oS> ¶m nmd Ho$ gmW namogm OmVm h¡. Bg 춧OZ H$s {d{eï>Vm BgH$s Q>m°qnJ ‘| h¡ Am¡a ‘gmboXma {‘gb Ho$ gmW {Md‹S>m {‘Šg, god ¶m µ’$agmZ H$mo Q>m°n {H$¶m OmVm h¡. {‘gb nmd ao{gnr ‘| H$B© VarHo$ Am¡a {d{dYVmE§ h¢. bo{H$Z gm‘mݶ VarH$m ¶h h¡ {H$ Bgo ‘moW H$s ’${b¶m| ¶m ‘Q>H$s Cgb Ho$ gmW V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo KZr J«odr ¶m nVbr J«odr H$m ¶moJXmZ XoVm h¡, {Ogo ag Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r OmZm OmVm h¡. gd© H$aZo go nhbo, ~ogZ ’$agmZ, H$ÀMo ߶mO Am¡a Q>‘mQ>a Ho$ gmW Q>m°n H$aHo$ {S>e H$mo V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡. Amby Am¡a gm~yXmZm Ho$ gmW Cndmg {‘gb, EH$ hëHo$ ñdmX Ho$ gmW Xhr {‘gb Am¡a Zm{gH$ {‘gb Omo Am‘Vm¡a na nmn‹S> Ho$ gmW namogr OmVr h¡.

daU (‘hmam{ï´>¶Z Xmb):-

Aaha H$s Xmb H$mo ‘hmamï´> ‘| Zm[a¶b Ho$ noñQ> Ho$ gmW ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡. Mmdb Ho$ gmW daU H$m ~ohVarZ ñdmX AmVm h¡. Aaha

Xmb ¶m VwAa Xmb H$mo Ywbr ‘y§J Ho$ gmW {‘bmH$a, Cgo YmoZo Ho$ ~mX, Z‘H$, {‘M©, hëXr Ho$ gmW nmZr ‘| C~mbm OmVm h¡. {’$a Zm[a¶b H$s noñQ>, har {‘M©, H$‹T>r nÎmm, amB©, Orao Ho$ gmW V‹S>H$m bJm¶m OmVm h¡. {’$a Bgo Mmdb Ho$ gmW namogm OmVm h¡. ¶h EH$ ñdm{Xï> Ed§ nm¡{ï>H$ ^moOZ h¡.

nwaU nmobr:- ‘amR>r ‘| nmobr H$m ‘Vb~ hmoVm h¡ amoQ>r Am¡a nwaU go ^ar amoQ>r ¶m{Z nwaU nmobr. Xoe Ho$ {d{^Þ joÌm| ‘| AbJ AbJ àH$ma H$s ‘rR>r amoQ>r H$m ñdmX h‘ g^r Zo H$^r Z H$^r MIm hmoJm. bo{H$Z ‘hmamï´> H$s Bg ‘rR>r amoQ>r H$s ~mV hr {Zambr h¡. Bgo nwaU ^a Ho$ ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡. nwaU ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE MZo H$s Xmb H$mo C~mb H$a CgH$m A{V[aº$ nmZr {ZH$mb {X¶m OmVm h¡ {’$a Cgo Kr, Bbm¶Mr nmCS>a, Am¡a Jw‹S> ¶m e¸$a Ho$ gmW nH$m¶m OmVm h¡. Bg nwaU H$mo Johÿ§ Ho$ AmQ>o H$s amoQ>r ‘| ^a H$a Am¡a ~obH$a, ewÕ Kr ‘| namR>o H$s Vah goH$m OmVm h¡. Bg àH$ma ~ZVr h¡ ñdm{Xï> nwaU nmobr.

lrI§S>: - ¶o JwOamV Am¡a ‘hmamï´> H$m ‘rR>m 춧OZ h¡. A~ Bgo ImZo Ho$ ~mX ‘| S>oOQ>© Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r Im¶m OmVm h¡. ¶o Xhr go ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡. Bbm¶Mr Am¡a Ho$ga H$m âboda BgHo$ Om¶Ho$ H$mo Am¡a ~‹T>m XoVm h¡. lrI§S> eãX g§ñH¥$V eãX "{eI[aUr' ¶m{Z Xhr {Og‘| Xhr Am¡a Aݶ ñdmXdY©H$ nXmW© O¡go Ho$ga, ’$b, ‘odo Am¡a H$nya {‘bm¶o J¶o hm|, go Am¶m h¡. BgH$s CËn{Îm jra (XÿY) Am¡a Im§S> (MrZr) go ^r ‘mZr OmVr h¡.

lrI§S> V¡¶ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE, Xhr H$mo EH$ ‘b‘b Ho$ H$n‹S>o ‘| ~m§Y H$a Q>m§J {X¶m OmVm h¡. BgHo$ ~mX A{YH$ nmZr {ZH$mbZo Ho$ {bE Bg na dOZ aI H$a X~m {X¶m OmVm h¡. Bg à{H«$¶m go h‘| R>mog Xhr {‘bVm h¡ {Ogo M¸$m H$hm OmVm h¡. A~ Bg M¸o$ H$mo ’$mo‹S> H$a Bg‘| MrZr {‘bm H$a AÀN>r Vah ‘gbm OmVm h¡. BgHo$ ~mX Bg {‘lU ‘| Bbm¶Mr, Ho$ga ¶m Aݶ H$moB© ñdmXdY©H$ {‘bm¶m OmVm h¡. AŠga Bg‘| ‘m¡g‘r ‘rR>o ’$b O¡go {H$ Am‘ Am¡a Ho$bm Am{X ^r {‘bm¶o OmVo h¢, {’$a Bgo R>§S>m H$aHo$ namogm OmVm h¡. Vmo ¶o hþB© ‘hmamï´> Ho$ 춧OZm| H$s ~mV! H$moB© ^r 춧OZ V~ ñdm{Xï> ~ZVm

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

39A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

{Z{Y gmoZrjo.H$m., B§Xm¡a

h¡ O~, Cgo ew^ Am¡a ewÕ ^mdZm Ho$ gmW ~Zm¶m OmE.

‘hmamï´> H$m nhZmdm:-

‘hmamï´> AnZr a§J {~a§Jr g§ñH¥${V, VrO ˶mohma Ho$ {bE OmZm OmVm h¡. Bgr g§ñH¥${V H$m A{^Þ A§J h¡, ¶hm§ H$s doe^yfm.

‘hmamï´> H$s nma§n[aH$ nmoemH$ ‘| ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ {bE 9 JO H$s gm‹S>r Am¡a nwéfm| H$s nma§n[aH$ nmoemH$ Ho$

ê$n ‘| YmoVr Am¡a eQ>© em{‘b h¢.

nwéfm| Ho$ {bE ‘hmamï´> H$s nma§n[aH$ nmoemH$:-

‘hmamï´> Ho$ bmoJ YmoVr H$mo AnZr gm§ñH¥${VH$ {damgV Ho$ ê$n ‘| XoIVo h¢. Bgo eQ>© ¶m Hw$V} Ho$ gmW nhZm Om gH$Vm h¡. do eQ>© Am¡a nJ‹S>r ^r nhZVo h¢. CËgd Ho$ Xm¡amZ A{YH$m§e nwéf My‹S>rXma, nm¶Om‘m, AMH$Z ¶m gwada nhZVo h¢. eha ‘|

eQ>© n¢Q> nhZZm Am‘ h¡.

‘{hbmAm| Ho$ {bE ‘hmamï´> H$s nma§n[aH$ nmoemH$:

‘{hbmAm| Ho$ {bE ‘hmamï´> H$s nma§n[aH$ nmoemH$ H$mo Xmo àH$ma go dJuH¥$V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡- Zm¡dmar gm‹S>r Am¡a nm§Mdmar gm‹S>r.

Zm¡dmar gm‹S>r: Zm¡ JO b§~r gm‹S>r H$mo Zm¡dmar gm‹S>r H$hm OmVm h¡, Bg gm‹S>r H$mo AŠga H$míV gm‹S>r H$hm OmVm h¡, ¶h YmoVr go {‘bVr OwbVr h¡. S´¡>qnJ H$s Bg {d{eï> e¡br Ho$ {bE noQ>rH$moQ> ¶m CgHo$ ZrMo nMu

H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoVr h¡. Zm¡dmar gm{‹S>¶m| H$s Eo{Vhm{gH$ n¥ð>^y{‘ h¡. ‘amR>m emgZ Ho$ Xm¡amZ, ‘{hbmAm| H$mo ¶wÕ Ho$ AmnmVH$mbrZ g‘¶ ‘|, AnZo nwéf gh¶mo{J¶m| H$s ‘XX H$aZo H$s J§^ra {Oå‘oXmar gm¢nr JB© Wr. AmgmZ AmdmOmhr H$s gw{dYm Ho$ {bE, ‘hmam{ï´>¶Z ‘{hbmAm| Zo Zm¡dmar gm‹S>r H$s ewéAmV H$s. Zm¡dmar gm‹S>r H$m H$n‹S>m Am‘Vm¡a na gyVr hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {deof Adgam| Ho$ {bE, aoe‘ àmW{‘H$Vm gyMr ‘| g~go D$na h¡. Zm¡JO ¶m nm§M JO gm{S>¶m| ‘| n¡R>Zr H$s AnZr Ah{‘¶V h¡.

n¡R>Ur gm‹S>r H$m Zm‘ ‘hmamï´> Ho$ Am¡a§Jm~mX Ho$ n¡R>Z eha Ho$ Zm‘ na aIm J¶m h¡. ¶hm§ emhr n¡R>Zr Ho$ {bE aoe‘ ~wZm OmVm h¡. Bg g‘¥Õ aoe‘ H$s ~ZmdQ> ‘|, gm‹S>r H$mo gmoZo Am¡a Mm§Xr Ho$ YmJm| go

~Zm¶m OmVm h¡, XþëhZ H$s nmoemH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| C‚db n¡R>Zr

gm‹S>r ~hþV bmoH${චh¢. n¡R>Zr gm{‹S>¶m| H$mo A{Zdm¶© ê$n go ‘hmamï´> H$s g§ñH¥${V Am¡a g‘mO go Omo‹S>m OmVm h¡.

hmbm§{H$ A~ Z¶o O‘mZo Ho$ gmW gm{S>¶m| Ho$ gmW n§Om~r gyQ>, OrÝg-Q>r eQ>© ¶m nmíMm˶ nmoemH$m| H$m ^r MbZ ~‹T> J¶m h¡.

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 39A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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38 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ38 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

gm~yXmZm pIM‹S>r:-

gm~yXmZm pIM‹S>r H$mo ¶hm§ Ho$ bmoJ d«V-Cndmg Ho$ Xm¡amZ ImVo h¢. gm~yXmZm H$mo {^JmoH$a Bgo ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm, Bg‘| ‘y§J’$br Am¡a H$ar nÎmm S>mbZo go BgH$m ñdmX Am¡a ^r ~‹T> OmVm h¡. Bgo ~ZmZo ‘| g‘¶ ^r ~hþV H$‘ bJVm h¡.

gm~yXmZo H$mo Hw$N> K§Q>m| Ho$ {bE {^JmoH$a aIm OmVm h¡. {’$a ^yZr hþB© ‘y§J ’$br Ho$ gmW, har {‘M©, H$‹T>>r nÎmo H$m V‹S>H$m bJmH$a ~Kmam OmVm h¡, Amdí¶H$Vm AZwê$n g¢Ym Z‘H$, bmb{‘M© S>mb H$a ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡.

WmbrnrR>:-

¶h EH$ ‘amR>r 춧OZ h¡ Omo H$B© Xmb Am¡a AZmO Ho$ AmQ>o go ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡. WmbrnrR> ñdmX Ho$ gmW-gmW gohV‘§X ^r h¡. ‘ëQ>rJ«oZ AmQ>m, {‘M© ‘gmbo Am¡a VmOm gpãO¶m§ {‘bm H$a ~Zr ‘hmamï´> H$s naånamJV ao{gnr WmbrnrR> {OVZr ñdm{Xï> h¡, CVZr nm¡{ï>H$ ^r h¡§.

{‘gb nmd:-

H$moëhmnwar ñdmX h¡, {‘gb nmd. ¶h ‘w§~B© ‘| ^r H$m’$s ‘ehÿa h¡. Bgo ~«oS> ¶m nmd Ho$ gmW namogm OmVm h¡. Bg 춧OZ H$s {d{eï>Vm BgH$s Q>m°qnJ ‘| h¡ Am¡a ‘gmboXma {‘gb Ho$ gmW {Md‹S>m {‘Šg, god ¶m µ’$agmZ H$mo Q>m°n {H$¶m OmVm h¡. {‘gb nmd ao{gnr ‘| H$B© VarHo$ Am¡a {d{dYVmE§ h¢. bo{H$Z gm‘mݶ VarH$m ¶h h¡ {H$ Bgo ‘moW H$s ’${b¶m| ¶m ‘Q>H$s Cgb Ho$ gmW V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo KZr J«odr ¶m nVbr J«odr H$m ¶moJXmZ XoVm h¡, {Ogo ag Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r OmZm OmVm h¡. gd© H$aZo go nhbo, ~ogZ ’$agmZ, H$ÀMo ߶mO Am¡a Q>‘mQ>a Ho$ gmW Q>m°n H$aHo$ {S>e H$mo V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡. Amby Am¡a gm~yXmZm Ho$ gmW Cndmg {‘gb, EH$ hëHo$ ñdmX Ho$ gmW Xhr {‘gb Am¡a Zm{gH$ {‘gb Omo Am‘Vm¡a na nmn‹S> Ho$ gmW namogr OmVr h¡.

daU (‘hmam{ï´>¶Z Xmb):-

Aaha H$s Xmb H$mo ‘hmamï´> ‘| Zm[a¶b Ho$ noñQ> Ho$ gmW ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡. Mmdb Ho$ gmW daU H$m ~ohVarZ ñdmX AmVm h¡. Aaha

Xmb ¶m VwAa Xmb H$mo Ywbr ‘y§J Ho$ gmW {‘bmH$a, Cgo YmoZo Ho$ ~mX, Z‘H$, {‘M©, hëXr Ho$ gmW nmZr ‘| C~mbm OmVm h¡. {’$a Zm[a¶b H$s noñQ>, har {‘M©, H$‹T>r nÎmm, amB©, Orao Ho$ gmW V‹S>H$m bJm¶m OmVm h¡. {’$a Bgo Mmdb Ho$ gmW namogm OmVm h¡. ¶h EH$ ñdm{Xï> Ed§ nm¡{ï>H$ ^moOZ h¡.

nwaU nmobr:- ‘amR>r ‘| nmobr H$m ‘Vb~ hmoVm h¡ amoQ>r Am¡a nwaU go ^ar amoQ>r ¶m{Z nwaU nmobr. Xoe Ho$ {d{^Þ joÌm| ‘| AbJ AbJ àH$ma H$s ‘rR>r amoQ>r H$m ñdmX h‘ g^r Zo H$^r Z H$^r MIm hmoJm. bo{H$Z ‘hmamï´> H$s Bg ‘rR>r amoQ>r H$s ~mV hr {Zambr h¡. Bgo nwaU ^a Ho$ ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡. nwaU ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE MZo H$s Xmb H$mo C~mb H$a CgH$m A{V[aº$ nmZr {ZH$mb {X¶m OmVm h¡ {’$a Cgo Kr, Bbm¶Mr nmCS>a, Am¡a Jw‹S> ¶m e¸$a Ho$ gmW nH$m¶m OmVm h¡. Bg nwaU H$mo Johÿ§ Ho$ AmQ>o H$s amoQ>r ‘| ^a H$a Am¡a ~obH$a, ewÕ Kr ‘| namR>o H$s Vah goH$m OmVm h¡. Bg àH$ma ~ZVr h¡ ñdm{Xï> nwaU nmobr.

lrI§S>: - ¶o JwOamV Am¡a ‘hmamï´> H$m ‘rR>m 춧OZ h¡. A~ Bgo ImZo Ho$ ~mX ‘| S>oOQ>© Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r Im¶m OmVm h¡. ¶o Xhr go ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡. Bbm¶Mr Am¡a Ho$ga H$m âboda BgHo$ Om¶Ho$ H$mo Am¡a ~‹T>m XoVm h¡. lrI§S> eãX g§ñH¥$V eãX "{eI[aUr' ¶m{Z Xhr {Og‘| Xhr Am¡a Aݶ ñdmXdY©H$ nXmW© O¡go Ho$ga, ’$b, ‘odo Am¡a H$nya {‘bm¶o J¶o hm|, go Am¶m h¡. BgH$s CËn{Îm jra (XÿY) Am¡a Im§S> (MrZr) go ^r ‘mZr OmVr h¡.

lrI§S> V¡¶ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE, Xhr H$mo EH$ ‘b‘b Ho$ H$n‹S>o ‘| ~m§Y H$a Q>m§J {X¶m OmVm h¡. BgHo$ ~mX A{YH$ nmZr {ZH$mbZo Ho$ {bE Bg na dOZ aI H$a X~m {X¶m OmVm h¡. Bg à{H«$¶m go h‘| R>mog Xhr {‘bVm h¡ {Ogo M¸$m H$hm OmVm h¡. A~ Bg M¸o$ H$mo ’$mo‹S> H$a Bg‘| MrZr {‘bm H$a AÀN>r Vah ‘gbm OmVm h¡. BgHo$ ~mX Bg {‘lU ‘| Bbm¶Mr, Ho$ga ¶m Aݶ H$moB© ñdmXdY©H$ {‘bm¶m OmVm h¡. AŠga Bg‘| ‘m¡g‘r ‘rR>o ’$b O¡go {H$ Am‘ Am¡a Ho$bm Am{X ^r {‘bm¶o OmVo h¢, {’$a Bgo R>§S>m H$aHo$ namogm OmVm h¡. Vmo ¶o hþB© ‘hmamï´> Ho$ 춧OZm| H$s ~mV! H$moB© ^r 춧OZ V~ ñdm{Xï> ~ZVm

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

39A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

{Z{Y gmoZrjo.H$m., B§Xm¡a

h¡ O~, Cgo ew^ Am¡a ewÕ ^mdZm Ho$ gmW ~Zm¶m OmE.

‘hmamï´> H$m nhZmdm:-

‘hmamï´> AnZr a§J {~a§Jr g§ñH¥${V, VrO ˶mohma Ho$ {bE OmZm OmVm h¡. Bgr g§ñH¥${V H$m A{^Þ A§J h¡, ¶hm§ H$s doe^yfm.

‘hmamï´> H$s nma§n[aH$ nmoemH$ ‘| ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ {bE 9 JO H$s gm‹S>r Am¡a nwéfm| H$s nma§n[aH$ nmoemH$ Ho$

ê$n ‘| YmoVr Am¡a eQ>© em{‘b h¢.

nwéfm| Ho$ {bE ‘hmamï´> H$s nma§n[aH$ nmoemH$:-

‘hmamï´> Ho$ bmoJ YmoVr H$mo AnZr gm§ñH¥${VH$ {damgV Ho$ ê$n ‘| XoIVo h¢. Bgo eQ>© ¶m Hw$V} Ho$ gmW nhZm Om gH$Vm h¡. do eQ>© Am¡a nJ‹S>r ^r nhZVo h¢. CËgd Ho$ Xm¡amZ A{YH$m§e nwéf My‹S>rXma, nm¶Om‘m, AMH$Z ¶m gwada nhZVo h¢. eha ‘|

eQ>© n¢Q> nhZZm Am‘ h¡.

‘{hbmAm| Ho$ {bE ‘hmamï´> H$s nma§n[aH$ nmoemH$:

‘{hbmAm| Ho$ {bE ‘hmamï´> H$s nma§n[aH$ nmoemH$ H$mo Xmo àH$ma go dJuH¥$V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡- Zm¡dmar gm‹S>r Am¡a nm§Mdmar gm‹S>r.

Zm¡dmar gm‹S>r: Zm¡ JO b§~r gm‹S>r H$mo Zm¡dmar gm‹S>r H$hm OmVm h¡, Bg gm‹S>r H$mo AŠga H$míV gm‹S>r H$hm OmVm h¡, ¶h YmoVr go {‘bVr OwbVr h¡. S´¡>qnJ H$s Bg {d{eï> e¡br Ho$ {bE noQ>rH$moQ> ¶m CgHo$ ZrMo nMu

H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoVr h¡. Zm¡dmar gm{‹S>¶m| H$s Eo{Vhm{gH$ n¥ð>^y{‘ h¡. ‘amR>m emgZ Ho$ Xm¡amZ, ‘{hbmAm| H$mo ¶wÕ Ho$ AmnmVH$mbrZ g‘¶ ‘|, AnZo nwéf gh¶mo{J¶m| H$s ‘XX H$aZo H$s J§^ra {Oå‘oXmar gm¢nr JB© Wr. AmgmZ AmdmOmhr H$s gw{dYm Ho$ {bE, ‘hmam{ï´>¶Z ‘{hbmAm| Zo Zm¡dmar gm‹S>r H$s ewéAmV H$s. Zm¡dmar gm‹S>r H$m H$n‹S>m Am‘Vm¡a na gyVr hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {deof Adgam| Ho$ {bE, aoe‘ àmW{‘H$Vm gyMr ‘| g~go D$na h¡. Zm¡JO ¶m nm§M JO gm{S>¶m| ‘| n¡R>Zr H$s AnZr Ah{‘¶V h¡.

n¡R>Ur gm‹S>r H$m Zm‘ ‘hmamï´> Ho$ Am¡a§Jm~mX Ho$ n¡R>Z eha Ho$ Zm‘ na aIm J¶m h¡. ¶hm§ emhr n¡R>Zr Ho$ {bE aoe‘ ~wZm OmVm h¡. Bg g‘¥Õ aoe‘ H$s ~ZmdQ> ‘|, gm‹S>r H$mo gmoZo Am¡a Mm§Xr Ho$ YmJm| go

~Zm¶m OmVm h¡, XþëhZ H$s nmoemH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| C‚db n¡R>Zr

gm‹S>r ~hþV bmoH${චh¢. n¡R>Zr gm{‹S>¶m| H$mo A{Zdm¶© ê$n go ‘hmamï´> H$s g§ñH¥${V Am¡a g‘mO go Omo‹S>m OmVm h¡.

hmbm§{H$ A~ Z¶o O‘mZo Ho$ gmW gm{S>¶m| Ho$ gmW n§Om~r gyQ>, OrÝg-Q>r eQ>© ¶m nmíMm˶ nmoemH$m| H$m ^r MbZ ~‹T> J¶m h¡.

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‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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40 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

Obdm¶w na à^md

- ‘hmamï> H$s Obdm¶w

CîUH${Q>~§Yr¶ h¡. n{ü‘r KmQ> nhm‹S>r l¥§Ibm CÎma go

X{jU VH$ MbVr h¡, Omo nd©Vr¶, nR>mar d VQ>r¶ {Obm| H$mo AbJ H$aVr

h¡. Am¡a BZ {Obm| ‘| ‘hËdnyU© Obdm¶w {d^mOH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¢. ¶h nd©V‘mbm

{d{^Þ {Obm| ‘| Vmn‘mZ Am¡a AmЩVm H$s ‘mÌm H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢. Aa~ gmJa go CR>Zo dmbr ‘mZgyZ hdmAm| H$mo amoH$H$a VQ>r¶ joÌm| ‘| ‘ygbmYma dfm© H$amVr h¡, O~{H$ KmQ>m| Ho$ nyd© H$s Amoa ~‹T>Zo na dfm© H$s ‘mÌm ‘| H$‘r AmZo bJVr h¡.

àdmh-V§Ì d Z{X¶m§ - n{ü‘r KmQ> ^maV Ho$ Mma ObjoÌm| ‘| go EH$ h¡, Omo ^maV H$s ~mah‘mgr Z{X¶m| H$mo ObòmoV àXmZ H$aVm h¡. ‘hmamï> H$s A{YH$m§e Z{X¶m± gøm{Ð ‘| CËnÞ hmoVr h¢ Am¡a {’$a nyd© Am¡a n{ü‘ H$s Amoa ~hZo dmbr Z{X¶m| ‘| em{‘b hmo OmVr h¢. n{ü‘r KmQ> ‘| CËnÞ hmoZo dmbr ‘hmamï> H$s à‘wI ZXr Z{X¶m§ JmoXmdar, H¥$îUm, ^r‘m Vmnr, H$mo¶Zm, dYm©, nyUm©, B§ÐmdVr Am¡a n¡ZJ§Jm - d¡ZJ§Jm Am{X h¢. ¶o Z{X¶m§ dfm©nmo{fV Z{X¶m§ h¢.

X»IZ Ho$ nR>ma H$s {‘Å>r H$mbr ~gmëQ> {‘Å>r go ~Zr h¡. {‘Å>r H$mo Am‘Vm¡a na H$mbr H$nmg {‘Å>r Ho$ ê$n ‘| OmZm OmVm h¡ Š¶m|{H$ ¶h H$nmg H$s IoVr Ho$ {bE g~go Cn¶wº$ h¡.

40 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

yJmobem{ó¶m| Zo ^maVdf© H$mo Cn‘hmÛrn ¶m àm¶Ûrn H$s g§km Xr h¡. Bg g§km Ho$ AZwgma ^maV EH$‘mÌ Eogm Xoe h¡, Ohm§ EH$ ‘hmXoe H$s g‘ñV ^m¡Jmo{bH$ {deofVmE± XoIZo H$mo {‘b OmVr h¡; Mmho dh ñWbñdê$nm| Ho$ {d{dY ê$n O¡go {H$ D$§Mo ~’$m©ÀN>m{XV nd©V ¶m {dñV¥V nhm{‹S>¶m±, nR>ma y{‘ ¶m ¶h g‘Vb ‘¡XmZ, g‘wÐ VQ> ¶m aZ- y{‘ ¶m {’$a Z{X¶m| H$s

{d{dYVm hmo, ¶m dZñn{V¶m| d Ord-O§VwAm| Ho$ àH$ma hm|, g^r H$s PbH$ ¶hm± ‘m¡OyX h¡. ^maV {d{dYVmAm| H$m Xoe h¡. H$‘mo~oe g^r ^m¡Jmo{bH$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$ {deofVmE± ^maV H$s y{‘ ‘| XoIZo H$mo {‘b OmVr h¡.

BÝht {deofVmAm| ‘| go EH$ h¡ - n{ü‘r KmQ> nd©V‘mbm. Bgo "gøm{Ð nd©V l¥§Ibm' Ho$ Zm‘ go ^r OmZm OmVm h¡ Omo 1,600 {H$bmo‘rQ>a (990 ‘rb) Ho$ g‘mZm§Va ‘| 160,000 dJ© {H$bmo‘rQ>a (62,000 dJ© ‘rb) Ho$ joÌ VH$ ’¡$br hþB© h¡. BgH$m {dñVma ^maVr¶ àm¶Ûrn Ho$ n{ü‘r VQ> ‘| JwOamV amÁ¶ go boH$a ‘hmamï>, Jmodm hmoVo hþE V{‘bZmSw>, H$Zm©Q>H$ Am¡a Ho$ab amÁ¶m| VH$ h¡. n{ü‘r KmQ> H$s H$B© Mmo{Q>¶m± h¢ Omo 2,000 ‘rQ>a (6,600 ’$sQ>) go D$§Mr h¢, BZ‘| AZ‘wXr (2,695 ‘rQ>a (8,842 ’$sQ>)) g~go D$§Mr MmoQ>r h¡. Bg nd©V‘mbm H$s Xÿgar g~go ~‹S>r MmoQ>r XmoS>m~oÅ>m (2,637‘rQ>a) h¡.

gøm{Ð H$m gm‘mݶ AW© hmoVm h¡ "X ‘mC§Q>oZ Am°’$ noe|g' AWm©V ghZerbVm H$mo YmaU H$aZo dmbm nd©V. BgH$s Bgr ghZerbVm H$s N>m±d ‘| H$B© àOm{V¶m± d OZOm{V¶m± ’$b-’y$b ahr h¢. ha Cg amÁ¶ go hmoH$a ¶h nd©V‘mbm JwOar h¡, dhm± BgH$s AnZr ‘hÎmm h¡, AnZm EH$ àmH¥${VH$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$ à^md h¡. Bgr AZwH«$‘ ‘| ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ ^r em{‘b h¡; Ohm§ n{ü‘ KmQ> nd©V ‘mbm H$m EH$ AnZm {d{eï> ‘hÎd h¡. Bg nd©V-e¥§Ibm H$mo gøm{Ð H$s Cnm{Y ‘hmamï> go hr {‘br h¡. EH$ Amoa Ohm§ ‘hmamï> Ho$ yJmob Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| Bg nd©V‘mbm H$m nyU© à^md h¡; dht ¶h ‘hmamï> Ho$

B{Vhmg d ‘hmZ ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ Ho$ Jm¡ad H$s gmjr ^r ahr h¡.

A~ ~mV H$aVo h¢ ‘hmamï> H$s ^m¡Jmo{bH$, àmH¥${VH$ (O¡{dH$), Eo{Vhm{gH$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$ OrdZ-e¡br na gøm{Ð nd©V‘mbm Ho$ à^md Ho$ g§~§Y ‘|. {Ogo h‘ {ZåZ{bpIV {~ÝXþAm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go XoI gH$Vo h¢:

^m¡Jmo{bH$ à^md:

¶yZoñH$mo Ho$ AZwgma, n{ü‘r KmQ> Ho$ nd©V {h‘mb¶ go nwamZo h¢. ¶h nd©V e¥§Ibm ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ H$s ^m¡{VH$ ar‹T> h¡ Omo {H$ nyao amÁ¶ ‘| {dñV¥V ê$n go ’¡$br hþB© h¡. ¶hm± BgH$s Am¡gV D$§MmB© bJ^J 1000 ‘rQ>a h¡. gøm{Ð nhm{‹S>¶m± nyd© H$s Amoa ‘w»¶ gr‘m go H$B© emImE± boH$a (gV‘mbm, AO§Vm, h[aü§Ð, ~mbmKmQ> Am¡a ‘hmXod) n{ü‘ ‘| Aa~ gmJa VH$ MbVr h¢. ‘hmamï> ‘| g~go D$±Mr nd©V MmoQ>r H$bgw~mB© (1650 ‘rQ>a) h¡. BZ lo{U¶m| H$mo H$B© KmQ>m| go ^r OmZm OmVm h¡, {OZ‘| ‘hËdnyU© h¢ WmbKmQ>, ^moaKmQ>, H$gmam KmQ>, ‘mbeoµO KmQ>, A§~m KmQ> Am¡a A§~mobr KmQ> B˶m{X.

Obdm¶w na à^md

- ‘hmamï> H$s Obdm¶w

CîUH${Q>~§Yr¶ h¡. n{ü‘r KmQ> nhm‹S>r l¥§Ibm CÎma go

X{jU VH$ MbVr h¡, Omo nd©Vr¶, nR>mar d VQ>r¶ {Obm| H$mo AbJ H$aVr

h¡. Am¡a BZ {Obm| ‘| ‘hËdnyU© Obdm¶w {d^mOH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¢. ¶h nd©V‘mbm

{d{^Þ {Obm| ‘| Vmn‘mZ Am¡a AmЩVm H$s ‘mÌm H$mo

gøm{Ð Ho$ gmW ‘hmamï´>‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

41A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

àmH¥${VH$ (O¡{dH$) à^md:

¶h joÌ ¶yZoñH$mo H$s {dœ Yamoha ñWb h¡ Am¡a Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ Xg ~m¶moS>m¶d{g©Q>r hm°Q>ñnm°Q²g ‘| go EH$ h¡. Xoe Ho$ dZñn{V¶m| Am¡a Ordm| H$s {d{dYVm H$m ~hþV ~‹S>m ^mJ ¶hm± Ho$ àmH¥${VH$ n[adoe ‘| {Zdmg H$aVm h¡, {OZ‘| go H$B© àOm{V¶m§ Ho$db ¶ht nmB© OmVr h¢ Am¡a Xþ{Z¶m ‘| H$ht Zht hmoVr h¢. n{ü‘r KmQ>m| ‘| Hw$b V¢Vrg g§a{jV joÌ h¢, {OZ‘| amï>r¶ CÚmZ, dݶOrd A^¶maʶ Am¡a Ama{jV dZ em{‘b h¢.

¶hm± H$m à‘wI dZ àH$ma CîUH${Q>~§Yr¶ dfm©dZ h¡. ‘m|Q>mZo Ho$ O§Jb Am¡a CîUH${Q>~§Yr¶ AmЩ dZ ^r ¶hm± nmE OmVo h¢. Bg‘| 7,402 go A{YH$ ’y$bm| Ho$ nm¡Yo, 1,814 àOm{V¶m| Ho$ J¡a-’y$bm| dmbo dZñn{V¶m| H$s àOm{V¶m± em{‘b h¢. dZñn{V¶m| H$s 1,273 àOm{V¶m§ {deof ê$n go n{ü‘r KmQ> VH$ hr gr{‘V h¢. Ord O§VwAm| ‘| 139 ñVZnm¶r àOm{V¶m§, 508 njr àOm{V¶m§, 179 C^¶Ma àOm{V¶m§, 6,000 H$sQ> àOm{V¶m§ Am¡a 290 ‘rR>o nmZr ‘| ahZo dmbr àOm{V¶m§ h¢. ¶h g§ mdZm h¡ {H$ H$B© AZXoIr àOm{V¶m§ n{ü‘r KmQ> ‘| ahVr h¢. n{ü‘r KmQ> ‘| H$‘ go H$‘ 325 {dœ ñVa na {dbwáàm¶ àOm{V¶m± nmB© OmVr h¢. g§H$Q>J«ñV àOm{V¶m| ‘| ‘mbm~ma ~‹S>o-ñnmoQ>S>© {gdoQ>, bwáàm¶ ~§Jmb Q>mBJa, eoa-ny§N> dmbo ‘H$mH$, Zrb{J[a Vha Am¡a ^maVr¶ hmWr, H$‘Omoa ^maVr¶ V|XþAm, Zrb{J[a b§Jya Am¡a Jm¡a à‘wI h¢.

Eo{Vhm{gH$ {damgV ‘| ¶moJXmZ

^maV Ho$ B{Vhmg ‘| ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ ‘hmZ ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ H$m nwamoYm h¡. ¶y§ Vmo ‘hmamï> H$m C„oI 16 ‘hmOZnXm| Ho$ A§VJ©V Aí‘H$ OZnX Ho$ ê$n ‘| {‘bVm h¡ Omo dV©‘mZ ‘| Ah‘XZJa Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡. ‘m¡¶©, MmbwŠ¶ VWm amï>Hy$Q>m| Ho$ emgZ H$mb ‘| ^r ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ H$mo {deof ‘hËd àmá Wm. BgHo$ nümV dmH$mQ>H$m| Ho$ emgZ H$mb Ho$ Xm¡amZ A{ÛVr¶ AO§Vm- Ebmoam H$s Jw’$mAm| H$m {Z‘m©U hþAm.

n{ü‘ KmQ> e¥§Ibm Zo ‘hmamï> H$mo ~mhar AmH«$‘Um| go gX¡d gwa{jV aIZo ‘| gh¶moJ {X¶m h¡. {dXoer emgH$m| ‘| AbmCÔrZ pIbOr Zo gd©àW‘ ‘Xþa¡ VH$ emgZ ñWm{nV {H$¶m. BgHo$ ~mX ‘mohååX {~Z VwJbH$ Ho$ emgZ H$mb ‘| Xm¡bVm~mX (Xod{J[a) H$mo VwJbH$ gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s amOYmZr ~ZmB© J¶r. 1347 ‘| ~h‘Zr gm‘«mÁ¶ H$m H$ãOm ‘hmamï> na hþAm Am¡a 150 df© Ho$ Bg emgZ Ho$ A§V Ho$ ~mX 1518 ‘| ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ H$mo 5 I§S>m| ‘| {d^º$ H$a AbJ-AbJ emgZ ñWm{nV hþ¶o.¶o amÁ¶ Amng ‘| hr b‹S>m H$aVo Wo.

17dt eVmãXr Ho$ Xm¡amZ emhOr ^mogbo Zo BZ g^r àmÝVm| ‘| g‘Ýd¶ ñWm{nV H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m. VXþnamÝV CZHo$ nwÌ {edmOramOo ^mogbo Zo BZ g^r amÁ¶m| H$mo OrVH$a ‘hmZ ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s Ztd aIr. {edmOr H$s AMyH$ ¶wÕZr{V {Ogo Jw[a„m Am¡a N>mnm‘ma H$s aUZr{V H$hm OmVm h¡, Bg‘| gøm{Ð H$m ^m¡Jmo{bH$ gh¶moJ nyU©V… b{ú¶V hmoVm h¡. ‘hmamï> Ho$ H$R>moa dmVmdaU Am¡a ñWbmH¥${V¶m| Zo ‘amR>m| H$mo ‘O~yV, ghZerb

Am¡a gmhgr ¶moÕm ~Zm¶m h¡. {edmOr Ho$ ~mX ‘amR>m [a¶mgV Ho$ gaXma ~‹S>m¡Xm Ho$ Jm¶H$dm‹S>, B§Xm¡a Ho$ hmoëH$a, ½dm{b¶a Ho$ qeXo Am¡a ‘hmamï> Ho$ noedmAm| Zo Bg gm‘«mÁ¶ H$mo {dñV¥V Am¡a geº$ {H$¶m. CÝhm|Zo ‘wµJbm| H$mo namñV H$a ^maVr¶ Cn ‘hmÛrn Ho$ ~hþV ~‹S>o ^mJ na AnZm gm‘«mÁ¶ H$m¶‘ {H$¶m. {~«{Q>e emgZH$mb ‘| gZ 1819 B© ‘| Bgo A±J«oOr hþHy$‘V ‘| {‘bm {b¶m J¶m.

AmO ^r n{ü‘ KmQ> H$s nd©V-‘mbmAm| ‘| pñWV am¶J‹T>, qgYwXþJ©, àVmnJ‹T>, ‘wéS>-O§Oram, gwdU©XþJ©, qgKJ‹T>, {dO¶XþJ©, bmohm J‹T>, {edZoar Am{X {H$bo ‘hmamï> Ho$ B{Vhmg Am¡a ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s draVm, Ñ‹T>Vm Am¡a ‘hmZVm H$s JmWm gwZmVo h¢. ¶h nd©V-‘mbm AmO r B{Vhmg Ho$ Yamoham| H$mo AnZo ^rVa g±Omo¶o hþ¶o h¡.

¶hr Zht ¶o {H$bo ‘hmamï> Ho$ àmH¥${VH$ gm¢X¶© H$mo ^r {d{eï>Vm Ho$ gmW àñVwV H$aVo h¢.

gm§ñH¥${VH$ à^md:

g§ñH¥${V VWm g§ñH¥${V Ho$ VËdm| na ^m¡Jmo{bH$ {deofVmAm| H$m ì¶mnH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡. gøm{Ð nd©V‘mbm ‘hmamï> Ho$ g§ñH¥${V¶m| ‘| ^r {d{dYVm ñWm{nV H$aVr h¡. ‘hmamï> ‘| 82% ‘amR>r OZg§»¶m {hÝXÿ Y‘© H$mo ‘mZVr h¡. BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ gøm{Ð H$s Xþê$h nd©V-Km{Q>¶m| ‘| ~mhar AmH«$‘UH$m[a¶m| H$mo gÎmm ñWm{nV H$aZo go amoH$Zo ‘| H$m’$s ‘hÎdnyU© y{‘H$m {Z^mB©. ‘hmamï> ‘| VËH$mbrZ ‘w§~B© ‘| ‘m¡¶© g‘«mQ> AemoH$ Ho$ g‘¶

‘| Yå‘àMma Ho$ {ebmboI ‘hmamï> ‘| nmE JE h¢ Omo ~m¡Õ Y‘© Ho$ AmJ‘Z H$m à‘mU h¡.

gøm{Ð nyao amÁ¶ H$mo {d{^Þ m¡Jmo{bH$ {d{eï>VmAm| dmbo joÌm| ‘| {d^m{OV H$aVm h¡, {OgHo$ AZwgma ha joÌ H$s AnZr gm§ñH¥${VH$ {deofVm h¡. gøm{Ð Ho$ Xþê$h nd©Vr¶ joÌ {d{^Þ Am{Xdmgr Om{V¶m| Am¡a OZOm{V¶m| H$m ‘yb {Zdmg ‘mZm OmVm h¡. {OZ‘| go ^rb, Jm|S>, H$mV>H$mar, H$mobr, AmoamAm|, dmabr Am{X à‘wI h¢. BZ Am{Xdmgr OZOm{V¶m| H$s AnZr {d{eï> g§ñH¥${V, n[aYmZ, ^mfm, H$bmE§, bmoH$JrV Ed§ na§namE§ h¢; Omo {dœà{gÕ Vmo h¢ bo{H$Z {dewÕ àmMrZ na§nam H$mo YmaU H$aVr h¢. dht Xÿgar Amoa gøm{Ð H$m n{ü‘r VQ>r¶ joÌ g‘¥Õ Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ ZJam| H$mo nZmh XoVm h§¡. ¶hm± OrdZ-e¡br Am¡a g§ñH¥${V {~ëHw$b {^Þ h¡. ‘w§~B©-{OgH$s AnZr AbJ g§ñH¥${V h¡, ¶h ‘hmZJa ^maV hr Zht ~pëH$ {dœ H$m EH$ à‘wI eha h¡. ¶h eha AmYw{ZH$Vm Am¡a gmd©bm¡{H$H$ (H$moñ‘monmo{bQ>Z) g§ñH¥${V H$m dmhH$ h¡. Bg àH$ma go gøm{Ð nd©V‘mbm ‘hmamï> H$s ^m¡Jmo{bH$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {deofVmAm| H$mo AnZr {deofVmAm| Ho$ AZwgma à˶jV… Am¡a ì¶mnH$ ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡. ¶h ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ d n{ü‘ ^maV H$m A{d^mÁ¶ Am¡a ‘hËdnyU© {hñgm h¡. Bgr H$maU Bgo ^maV H$o àm¶Ûrnr¶ T>mb H$s g§km Xr J¶r h¡.

amYm {‘ljo.H$m., ~‹S>m¡Xm

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 41A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

Page 41: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

40 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

Obdm¶w na à^md

- ‘hmamï> H$s Obdm¶w

CîUH${Q>~§Yr¶ h¡. n{ü‘r KmQ> nhm‹S>r l¥§Ibm CÎma go

X{jU VH$ MbVr h¡, Omo nd©Vr¶, nR>mar d VQ>r¶ {Obm| H$mo AbJ H$aVr

h¡. Am¡a BZ {Obm| ‘| ‘hËdnyU© Obdm¶w {d^mOH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¢. ¶h nd©V‘mbm

{d{^Þ {Obm| ‘| Vmn‘mZ Am¡a AmЩVm H$s ‘mÌm H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢. Aa~ gmJa go CR>Zo dmbr ‘mZgyZ hdmAm| H$mo amoH$H$a VQ>r¶ joÌm| ‘| ‘ygbmYma dfm© H$amVr h¡, O~{H$ KmQ>m| Ho$ nyd© H$s Amoa ~‹T>Zo na dfm© H$s ‘mÌm ‘| H$‘r AmZo bJVr h¡.

àdmh-V§Ì d Z{X¶m§ - n{ü‘r KmQ> ^maV Ho$ Mma ObjoÌm| ‘| go EH$ h¡, Omo ^maV H$s ~mah‘mgr Z{X¶m| H$mo ObòmoV àXmZ H$aVm h¡. ‘hmamï> H$s A{YH$m§e Z{X¶m± gøm{Ð ‘| CËnÞ hmoVr h¢ Am¡a {’$a nyd© Am¡a n{ü‘ H$s Amoa ~hZo dmbr Z{X¶m| ‘| em{‘b hmo OmVr h¢. n{ü‘r KmQ> ‘| CËnÞ hmoZo dmbr ‘hmamï> H$s à‘wI ZXr Z{X¶m§ JmoXmdar, H¥$îUm, ^r‘m Vmnr, H$mo¶Zm, dYm©, nyUm©, B§ÐmdVr Am¡a n¡ZJ§Jm - d¡ZJ§Jm Am{X h¢. ¶o Z{X¶m§ dfm©nmo{fV Z{X¶m§ h¢.

X»IZ Ho$ nR>ma H$s {‘Å>r H$mbr ~gmëQ> {‘Å>r go ~Zr h¡. {‘Å>r H$mo Am‘Vm¡a na H$mbr H$nmg {‘Å>r Ho$ ê$n ‘| OmZm OmVm h¡ Š¶m|{H$ ¶h H$nmg H$s IoVr Ho$ {bE g~go Cn¶wº$ h¡.

40 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

yJmobem{ó¶m| Zo ^maVdf© H$mo Cn‘hmÛrn ¶m àm¶Ûrn H$s g§km Xr h¡. Bg g§km Ho$ AZwgma ^maV EH$‘mÌ Eogm Xoe h¡, Ohm§ EH$ ‘hmXoe H$s g‘ñV ^m¡Jmo{bH$ {deofVmE± XoIZo H$mo {‘b OmVr h¡; Mmho dh ñWbñdê$nm| Ho$ {d{dY ê$n O¡go {H$ D$§Mo ~’$m©ÀN>m{XV nd©V ¶m {dñV¥V nhm{‹S>¶m±, nR>ma y{‘ ¶m ¶h g‘Vb ‘¡XmZ, g‘wÐ VQ> ¶m aZ- y{‘ ¶m {’$a Z{X¶m| H$s

{d{dYVm hmo, ¶m dZñn{V¶m| d Ord-O§VwAm| Ho$ àH$ma hm|, g^r H$s PbH$ ¶hm± ‘m¡OyX h¡. ^maV {d{dYVmAm| H$m Xoe h¡. H$‘mo~oe g^r ^m¡Jmo{bH$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$ {deofVmE± ^maV H$s y{‘ ‘| XoIZo H$mo {‘b OmVr h¡.

BÝht {deofVmAm| ‘| go EH$ h¡ - n{ü‘r KmQ> nd©V‘mbm. Bgo "gøm{Ð nd©V l¥§Ibm' Ho$ Zm‘ go ^r OmZm OmVm h¡ Omo 1,600 {H$bmo‘rQ>a (990 ‘rb) Ho$ g‘mZm§Va ‘| 160,000 dJ© {H$bmo‘rQ>a (62,000 dJ© ‘rb) Ho$ joÌ VH$ ’¡$br hþB© h¡. BgH$m {dñVma ^maVr¶ àm¶Ûrn Ho$ n{ü‘r VQ> ‘| JwOamV amÁ¶ go boH$a ‘hmamï>, Jmodm hmoVo hþE V{‘bZmSw>, H$Zm©Q>H$ Am¡a Ho$ab amÁ¶m| VH$ h¡. n{ü‘r KmQ> H$s H$B© Mmo{Q>¶m± h¢ Omo 2,000 ‘rQ>a (6,600 ’$sQ>) go D$§Mr h¢, BZ‘| AZ‘wXr (2,695 ‘rQ>a (8,842 ’$sQ>)) g~go D$§Mr MmoQ>r h¡. Bg nd©V‘mbm H$s Xÿgar g~go ~‹S>r MmoQ>r XmoS>m~oÅ>m (2,637‘rQ>a) h¡.

gøm{Ð H$m gm‘mݶ AW© hmoVm h¡ "X ‘mC§Q>oZ Am°’$ noe|g' AWm©V ghZerbVm H$mo YmaU H$aZo dmbm nd©V. BgH$s Bgr ghZerbVm H$s N>m±d ‘| H$B© àOm{V¶m± d OZOm{V¶m± ’$b-’y$b ahr h¢. ha Cg amÁ¶ go hmoH$a ¶h nd©V‘mbm JwOar h¡, dhm± BgH$s AnZr ‘hÎmm h¡, AnZm EH$ àmH¥${VH$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$ à^md h¡. Bgr AZwH«$‘ ‘| ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ r em{‘b h¡; Ohm§ n{ü‘ KmQ> nd©V ‘mbm H$m EH$ AnZm {d{eï> ‘hÎd h¡. Bg nd©V-e¥§Ibm H$mo gøm{Ð H$s Cnm{Y ‘hmamï> go hr {‘br h¡. EH$ Amoa Ohm§ ‘hmamï> Ho$ yJmob Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| Bg nd©V‘mbm H$m nyU© à^md h¡; dht ¶h ‘hmamï> Ho$

B{Vhmg d ‘hmZ ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ Ho$ Jm¡ad H$s gmjr ^r ahr h¡.

A~ ~mV H$aVo h¢ ‘hmamï> H$s ^m¡Jmo{bH$, àmH¥${VH$ (O¡{dH$), Eo{Vhm{gH$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$ OrdZ-e¡br na gøm{Ð nd©V‘mbm Ho$ à^md Ho$ g§~§Y ‘|. {Ogo h‘ {ZåZ{bpIV {~ÝXþAm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go XoI gH$Vo h¢:

^m¡Jmo{bH$ à^md:

¶yZoñH$mo Ho$ AZwgma, n{ü‘r KmQ> Ho$ nd©V {h‘mb¶ go nwamZo h¢. ¶h nd©V e¥§Ibm ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ H$s ^m¡{VH$ ar‹T> h¡ Omo {H$ nyao amÁ¶ ‘| {dñV¥V ê$n go ’¡$br hþB© h¡. ¶hm± BgH$s Am¡gV D$§MmB© bJ^J 1000 ‘rQ>a h¡. gøm{Ð nhm{‹S>¶m± nyd© H$s Amoa ‘w»¶ gr‘m go H$B© emImE± boH$a (gV‘mbm, AO§Vm, h[aü§Ð, ~mbmKmQ> Am¡a ‘hmXod) n{ü‘ ‘| Aa~ gmJa VH$ MbVr h¢. ‘hmamï> ‘| g~go D$±Mr nd©V MmoQ>r H$bgw~mB© (1650 ‘rQ>a) h¡. BZ lo{U¶m| H$mo H$B© KmQ>m| go ^r OmZm OmVm h¡, {OZ‘| ‘hËdnyU© h¢ WmbKmQ>, ^moaKmQ>, H$gmam KmQ>, ‘mbeoµO KmQ>, A§~m KmQ> Am¡a A§~mobr KmQ> B˶m{X.

Obdm¶w na à^md

- ‘hmamï> H$s Obdm¶w

CîUH${Q>~§Yr¶ h¡. n{ü‘r KmQ> nhm‹S>r l¥§Ibm CÎma go

X{jU VH$ MbVr h¡, Omo nd©Vr¶, nR>mar d VQ>r¶ {Obm| H$mo AbJ H$aVr

h¡. Am¡a BZ {Obm| ‘| ‘hËdnyU© Obdm¶w {d^mOH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¢. ¶h nd©V‘mbm

{d{^Þ {Obm| ‘| Vmn‘mZ Am¡a AmЩVm H$s ‘mÌm H$mo

gøm{Ð Ho$ gmW ‘hmamï´>‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

41A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

àmH¥${VH$ (O¡{dH$) à^md:

¶h joÌ ¶yZoñH$mo H$s {dœ Yamoha ñWb h¡ Am¡a Xþ{Z¶m Ho$ Xg ~m¶moS>m¶d{g©Q>r hm°Q>ñnm°Q²g ‘| go EH$ h¡. Xoe Ho$ dZñn{V¶m| Am¡a Ordm| H$s {d{dYVm H$m ~hþV ~‹S>m ^mJ ¶hm± Ho$ àmH¥${VH$ n[adoe ‘| {Zdmg H$aVm h¡, {OZ‘| go H$B© àOm{V¶m§ Ho$db ¶ht nmB© OmVr h¢ Am¡a Xþ{Z¶m ‘| H$ht Zht hmoVr h¢. n{ü‘r KmQ>m| ‘| Hw$b V¢Vrg g§a{jV joÌ h¢, {OZ‘| amï>r¶ CÚmZ, dݶOrd A^¶maʶ Am¡a Ama{jV dZ em{‘b h¢.

¶hm± H$m à‘wI dZ àH$ma CîUH${Q>~§Yr¶ dfm©dZ h¡. ‘m|Q>mZo Ho$ O§Jb Am¡a CîUH${Q>~§Yr¶ AmЩ dZ ^r ¶hm± nmE OmVo h¢. Bg‘| 7,402 go A{YH$ ’y$bm| Ho$ nm¡Yo, 1,814 àOm{V¶m| Ho$ J¡a-’y$bm| dmbo dZñn{V¶m| H$s àOm{V¶m± em{‘b h¢. dZñn{V¶m| H$s 1,273 àOm{V¶m§ {deof ê$n go n{ü‘r KmQ> VH$ hr gr{‘V h¢. Ord O§VwAm| ‘| 139 ñVZnm¶r àOm{V¶m§, 508 njr àOm{V¶m§, 179 C^¶Ma àOm{V¶m§, 6,000 H$sQ> àOm{V¶m§ Am¡a 290 ‘rR>o nmZr ‘| ahZo dmbr àOm{V¶m§ h¢. ¶h g§ mdZm h¡ {H$ H$B© AZXoIr àOm{V¶m§ n{ü‘r KmQ> ‘| ahVr h¢. n{ü‘r KmQ> ‘| H$‘ go H$‘ 325 {dœ ñVa na {dbwáàm¶ àOm{V¶m± nmB© OmVr h¢. g§H$Q>J«ñV àOm{V¶m| ‘| ‘mbm~ma ~‹S>o-ñnmoQ>S>© {gdoQ>, bwáàm¶ ~§Jmb Q>mBJa, eoa-ny§N> dmbo ‘H$mH$, Zrb{J[a Vha Am¡a ^maVr¶ hmWr, H$‘Omoa ^maVr¶ V|XþAm, Zrb{J[a b§Jya Am¡a Jm¡a à‘wI h¢.

Eo{Vhm{gH$ {damgV ‘| ¶moJXmZ

^maV Ho$ B{Vhmg ‘| ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ ‘hmZ ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ H$m nwamoYm h¡. ¶y§ Vmo ‘hmamï> H$m C„oI 16 ‘hmOZnXm| Ho$ A§VJ©V Aí‘H$ OZnX Ho$ ê$n ‘| {‘bVm h¡ Omo dV©‘mZ ‘| Ah‘XZJa Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡. ‘m¡¶©, MmbwŠ¶ VWm amï>Hy$Q>m| Ho$ emgZ H$mb ‘| ^r ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ H$mo {deof ‘hËd àmá Wm. BgHo$ nümV dmH$mQ>H$m| Ho$ emgZ H$mb Ho$ Xm¡amZ A{ÛVr¶ AO§Vm- Ebmoam H$s Jw’$mAm| H$m {Z‘m©U hþAm.

n{ü‘ KmQ> e¥§Ibm Zo ‘hmamï> H$mo ~mhar AmH«$‘Um| go gX¡d gwa{jV aIZo ‘| gh¶moJ {X¶m h¡. {dXoer emgH$m| ‘| AbmCÔrZ pIbOr Zo gd©àW‘ ‘Xþa¡ VH$ emgZ ñWm{nV {H$¶m. BgHo$ ~mX ‘mohååX {~Z VwJbH$ Ho$ emgZ H$mb ‘| Xm¡bVm~mX (Xod{J[a) H$mo VwJbH$ gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s amOYmZr ~ZmB© J¶r. 1347 ‘| ~h‘Zr gm‘«mÁ¶ H$m H$ãOm ‘hmamï> na hþAm Am¡a 150 df© Ho$ Bg emgZ Ho$ A§V Ho$ ~mX 1518 ‘| ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ H$mo 5 I§S>m| ‘| {d^º$ H$a AbJ-AbJ emgZ ñWm{nV hþ¶o.¶o amÁ¶ Amng ‘| hr b‹S>m H$aVo Wo.

17dt eVmãXr Ho$ Xm¡amZ emhOr ^mogbo Zo BZ g^r àmÝVm| ‘| g‘Ýd¶ ñWm{nV H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m. VXþnamÝV CZHo$ nwÌ {edmOramOo ^mogbo Zo BZ g^r amÁ¶m| H$mo OrVH$a ‘hmZ ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s Ztd aIr. {edmOr H$s AMyH$ ¶wÕZr{V {Ogo Jw[a„m Am¡a N>mnm‘ma H$s aUZr{V H$hm OmVm h¡, Bg‘| gøm{Ð H$m ^m¡Jmo{bH$ gh¶moJ nyU©V… b{ú¶V hmoVm h¡. ‘hmamï> Ho$ H$R>moa dmVmdaU Am¡a ñWbmH¥${V¶m| Zo ‘amR>m| H$mo ‘O~yV, ghZerb

Am¡a gmhgr ¶moÕm ~Zm¶m h¡. {edmOr Ho$ ~mX ‘amR>m [a¶mgV Ho$ gaXma ~‹S>m¡Xm Ho$ Jm¶H$dm‹S>, B§Xm¡a Ho$ hmoëH$a, ½dm{b¶a Ho$ qeXo Am¡a ‘hmamï> Ho$ noedmAm| Zo Bg gm‘«mÁ¶ H$mo {dñV¥V Am¡a geº$ {H$¶m. CÝhm|Zo ‘wµJbm| H$mo namñV H$a ^maVr¶ Cn ‘hmÛrn Ho$ ~hþV ~‹S>o ^mJ na AnZm gm‘«mÁ¶ H$m¶‘ {H$¶m. {~«{Q>e emgZH$mb ‘| gZ 1819 B© ‘| Bgo A±J«oOr hþHy$‘V ‘| {‘bm {b¶m J¶m.

AmO ^r n{ü‘ KmQ> H$s nd©V-‘mbmAm| ‘| pñWV am¶J‹T>, qgYwXþJ©, àVmnJ‹T>, ‘wéS>-O§Oram, gwdU©XþJ©, qgKJ‹T>, {dO¶XþJ©, bmohm J‹T>, {edZoar Am{X {H$bo ‘hmamï> Ho$ B{Vhmg Am¡a ‘amR>m gm‘«mÁ¶ H$s draVm, Ñ‹T>Vm Am¡a ‘hmZVm H$s JmWm gwZmVo h¢. ¶h nd©V-‘mbm AmO r B{Vhmg Ho$ Yamoham| H$mo AnZo ^rVa g±Omo¶o hþ¶o h¡.

¶hr Zht ¶o {H$bo ‘hmamï> Ho$ àmH¥${VH$ gm¢X¶© H$mo ^r {d{eï>Vm Ho$ gmW àñVwV H$aVo h¢.

gm§ñH¥${VH$ à^md:

g§ñH¥${V VWm g§ñH¥${V Ho$ VËdm| na ^m¡Jmo{bH$ {deofVmAm| H$m ì¶mnH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡. gøm{Ð nd©V‘mbm ‘hmamï> Ho$ g§ñH¥${V¶m| ‘| ^r {d{dYVm ñWm{nV H$aVr h¡. ‘hmamï> ‘| 82% ‘amR>r OZg§»¶m {hÝXÿ Y‘© H$mo ‘mZVr h¡. BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ gøm{Ð H$s Xþê$h nd©V-Km{Q>¶m| ‘| ~mhar AmH«$‘UH$m[a¶m| H$mo gÎmm ñWm{nV H$aZo go amoH$Zo ‘| H$m’$s ‘hÎdnyU© y{‘H$m {Z^mB©. ‘hmamï> ‘| VËH$mbrZ ‘w§~B© ‘| ‘m¡¶© g‘«mQ> AemoH$ Ho$ g‘¶

‘| Yå‘àMma Ho$ {ebmboI ‘hmamï> ‘| nmE JE h¢ Omo ~m¡Õ Y‘© Ho$ AmJ‘Z H$m à‘mU h¡.

gøm{Ð nyao amÁ¶ H$mo {d{^Þ m¡Jmo{bH$ {d{eï>VmAm| dmbo joÌm| ‘| {d^m{OV H$aVm h¡, {OgHo$ AZwgma ha joÌ H$s AnZr gm§ñH¥${VH$ {deofVm h¡. gøm{Ð Ho$ Xþê$h nd©Vr¶ joÌ {d{^Þ Am{Xdmgr Om{V¶m| Am¡a OZOm{V¶m| H$m ‘yb {Zdmg ‘mZm OmVm h¡. {OZ‘| go ^rb, Jm|S>, H$mV>H$mar, H$mobr, AmoamAm|, dmabr Am{X à‘wI h¢. BZ Am{Xdmgr OZOm{V¶m| H$s AnZr {d{eï> g§ñH¥${V, n[aYmZ, ^mfm, H$bmE§, bmoH$JrV Ed§ na§namE§ h¢; Omo {dœà{gÕ Vmo h¢ bo{H$Z {dewÕ àmMrZ na§nam H$mo YmaU H$aVr h¢. dht Xÿgar Amoa gøm{Ð H$m n{ü‘r VQ>r¶ joÌ g‘¥Õ Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ ZJam| H$mo nZmh XoVm h§¡. ¶hm± OrdZ-e¡br Am¡a g§ñH¥${V {~ëHw$b {^Þ h¡. ‘w§~B©-{OgH$s AnZr AbJ g§ñH¥${V h¡, ¶h ‘hmZJa ^maV hr Zht ~pëH$ {dœ H$m EH$ à‘wI eha h¡. ¶h eha AmYw{ZH$Vm Am¡a gmd©bm¡{H$H$ (H$moñ‘monmo{bQ>Z) g§ñH¥${V H$m dmhH$ h¡. Bg àH$ma go gøm{Ð nd©V‘mbm ‘hmamï> H$s ^m¡Jmo{bH$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {deofVmAm| H$mo AnZr {deofVmAm| Ho$ AZwgma à˶jV… Am¡a ì¶mnH$ ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡. ¶h ‘hmamï> amÁ¶ d n{ü‘ ^maV H$m A{d^mÁ¶ Am¡a ‘hËdnyU© {hñgm h¡. Bgr H$maU Bgo ^maV H$o àm¶Ûrnr¶ T>mb H$s g§km Xr J¶r h¡.

amYm {‘ljo.H$m., ~‹S>m¡Xm

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 41A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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42 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ42 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘hmamï´> Ho$ Iob Am¡a pIbm‹S>r

‘hmamï> ^maV H$m EH$ amÁ¶ Omo ^maV Ho$ X{jU ‘ܶ ‘| pñWV h¡, BgH$s {JZVr ^maV Ho$ g~go YZr Ed§ g‘¥Õ amÁ¶m| ‘| H$s OmVr h¡. ‘hmamï> eãX g§ñH¥$V Ho$ Xmo eãXm| go {‘bH$a ~Zm h¡, ‘hm VWm amï>, BgH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ ‘hmZ Xoe. ‘hmamï> H$s amOYmZr ‘w§~B© h¡, {Ogo Xoe H$s Am{W©H$ amOYmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r OmZm OmVm h¡.

{Og Vah Zm‘, à{g{Õ Am¡a n¡gm àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ejm ~hþV hr Amdí¶H$ h¡ R>rH$ Cgr àH$ma ñdñW eara Am¡a ‘pñVîH$ àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE g^r H$mo {H$gr Z {H$gr àH$ma H$s emar[aH$ J{V{d{Y ‘| Adí¶ em{‘b hmoZm Mm{hE, {OgHo$ {bE Iob g~go AÀN>m VarH$m h¡. Eogm ‘mZm OmVm h¡ {H$ Iob Am¡a VmH$V EH$ hr {g o$ Ho$ Xmo nhby h¢.

Iob, pIbm{‹S>¶m| H$mo ì¶{º$JV bm^ Ho$ gmW-gmW noeoda bm^ ^r àXmZ H$aVm h¡. Iob ‘hmamï> H$s g§ñH¥${V H$m EH$ ‘hËdnyU© A§J h¡. Hw$íVr, Kw‹S>gdmar, Vra§XmOr, Vbdma~mOr, {ZemZo~mOr ‘hmamï> Ho$ emgH$m| Ho$ ~rM ~hþV hr bmoH${චIob Wo. H$~È>r, hm°H$s, Imo-Imo, ~¡S>q‘Q>Z, {H«$Ho$Q>, eVa§O Am¡a Q>o~b Q>o{Zg Am{X ‘hmamï> Ho$ bmoH${චIob h¢. "{dQ>r-Xm‹Sz>±' ({J„r S§>S>m) Am¡a "nH$‹S>m-nH$‹S>r' O¡go Iob ^r ‘hmamï> ‘| ~ƒm| Ûmam Iobo OmVo Wo.

bo{H$Z AmO H$s ^mJXm¡‹S> ^ar qOXJr ‘| dmo ~MnZ ‘| Iobo OmZo dmbo Iob H$ht Jw‘ go hmo JE h¢, AmO gw~h Ho$ ~mX dmo gwHy$Z dmbr em‘ Zht hmoVr, ~pëH$ grYo amV hmo OmVr h¡, em¶X A~ Omo ~ƒo h¡ dmo BZ Iobm| Ho$ {g’©$ Zm‘ hr gwZ nmE§Jo, O¡go - nH$‹S>‘ nH$‹S>mB©, gm±n gr‹T>r, H¡$a‘, Mmoa - {gnmhr, {dQ>r-Xm§Sy> ({J„r S§>S>m), Nw>nZ-Nw>nmB©, {S>ã~m AmBg nmBg, J{b¶m| ‘| {H«$Ho$Q> IobZm, b§J‹S>r Q>m§J, añgr Hy$XZm, H§$Mo, {nÆz>, Am{X. ¶o Hw$N> Eogo Iob h¢ {OZHo$ {~Zm ~MnZ nyam Zht hþAm H$aVm Wm bo{H$Z A~ Eogm bJVm h¡ O¡go ¶o gmao Iob H$ht Imo JE h¢, Iobm| H$s dmo Xþ{Z¶m ‘mZmo H$ht Jw‘ hmo J¶r h¡. AmO Ho$ BboŠQ>m{ZH$ CnH$aUm| Zo ~ƒm| H$m ~MnZ Am¡a AmCQ>S>moa Iob O¡go N>rZ hr {b¶m h¡.

O~ h‘ ‘hmamï> Ho$ Iobm| H$s ~mV H$aVo h¢, V~ {ZåZ{bpIV Hw$N>oH$ Iob Eogo h¢, {OZH$m C„oI {H$E {~Zm ¶h ~mV nyar Zht hmoJr.

Hw$íVr - Hw$íVr EH$ àmMrZ Iob, H$bm Ed§ ‘Zmoa§OZ H$m gmYZ h¡. Hw$íVr H$mo Xþ{Z¶m H$m g~go nwamZm Iob ‘mZm OmVm h¡. ¶h àm¶… Xmo ì¶{º$¶m| Ho$ ~rM hmoVr h¡ Omo AnZo à{VÛ§Xr H$mo nH$‹S>H$a nQ>H$Zo ¶m Koao go ~mha H$aZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ go Iobr OmVr h¡. Hw$íVr M¡pån¶Z{en O¡go {hÝX Ho$gar, ‘hmamï> Ho$gar ‘hmamï> Ho$ J«m‘rU joÌm| ‘| ~hþV bmoH${චh¢. dV©‘mZ ‘|

(2019) hf©dY©Z gXJra "‘hmamï> Ho$gar' h¢. 2017 Ho$ {dOoVm A{^OrV H$Q>Ho$ H$mo hamH$a ~mbm a’$sH$ 2018 Ho$ {dOoVm aho. "‘hmamï> Ho$gar' ‘| Zaqgh ¶mXd EH$ Eogm Zm‘ h¡, {OÝhm|Zo 2011 go 2013 VH$ VrZ ~ma pIVm~ OrVm h¡ Am¡a {dO¶ Mm¡Yar Zo 2014 go 2016 VH$ bJmVma VrZ ~ma OrV XO© H$s, O~{H$ JUnV Io‹S>H$a, M§~m ‘wÞmbmb, bú‘U dmS>ma, XmXÿ Mm¡Jwbo Am¡a M§ÐYa nm{Q>b Xmo ~ma pIVm~ OrV MwHo$ h¢. ¶wdamO nm{Q>b 17 gmb H$s C‘« ‘| g~go H$‘ C‘« Ho$ {dOoVm hmoZo H$m [aH$m°S>© aIVo h¢. nwamZr ‘amR>r {’$ë‘m| ‘| Amn Bg Hw$íVr Ho$ Iob H$mo ~Iy~r XoI gH$Vo h¢.

Kw‹S>gdmar - ^maV ‘| H$B© ¶wJm| go Kw‹S>gdmar H$s OmVr ahr h¡ hmbm§{H$ dµŠV Ho$ gmW-gmW Bg‘| H$B© ~Xbmd hmo MwHo$ h¢. AmO Kw‹S>gdmar Amob§{nH$ Iobm| H$m {hñgm h¡. Kw‹S>gdmar H$mo VrZ {hñgm| ‘| ~m§Q>m OmVm h¡. So>goO, H«$m°g H§$Q>r Am¡a O§qnJ. Bg VrZm| amC§S> ‘| Kmo‹S>m| H$s j‘Vm Am¡a aMZmË‘H$Vm Ed§ EWbrQ> Ho$ gmW CgHo$ Vmb ‘ob H$mo XoIm OmVm h¡. Kw‹S>gdmar grIZo Ho$ {bE Zm{gH$, ‘mWoamZ Am{X OJhm| na Šb~ ^r nm¶o OmVo h¢. bo{H$Z dº$ Zo Bg draVmnyU© Iob H$mo A~ "aog' ‘| ~Xb {X¶m h¡. ‘w§~B© Ho$ ‘hmbú‘r ‘| pñWV ‘hmbú‘r aog H$mog© {dœ Ho$ à{gÕ aog H$mog© ‘| go EH$ h¡. ¶hm± Xoe {dXoe go ~‹S>r g§»¶m ‘| bmoJ aog IobZo Ho$ {bE AmVo h¢.

Vra§XmOr - Vra§XmOr H$s ewéAmV bJ^J Xg hOma df© nhbo hþB© Wr, O~ Vra Am¡a YZwf H$m BñVo‘mb {eH$ma Am¡a ¶wÕ Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm Wm. Vra Am¡a YZwf go ¶wÕ b‹S>Zo H$m àMbZ am‘m¶U, ‘hm^maV H$mb go h¡. Vra§XmOr Am°qb{nH$ Iobm| ‘| em{‘b h¡.

Vbdma~mOr - Bg Iob ‘| Xmo à{V¶moJr AnZo hmWm| ‘| Vbdma boH$a AnZo à{VÛ§Xr Ho$ eara na àhma H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ Xÿgao H$m gm‘Zm H$aVo h¢. Vbdma nhbo ^maVr¶ ¶wÕm| H$m Ah‘ {hñgm hmoVr Wr. A~ ¶h Iobm| VH$ gr{‘V hmo J¶r h¡.

{ZemZo~mOr - {ZemZo~mOr H$m CÔoí¶ bú¶ H$mo {ZemZm ~ZmZm h¡. {ZemZo~mOr Ho$ {d{^Þ ñnYm©Am| H$mo CnñH$am|, {ZemZm bJmZo H$s Xÿar, bú¶ Am¡a g‘¶ gr‘m Am{X ‘| dJuH¥$V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡.

A§Obr mJdV {ZemZo~mOr ‘| dmo Zm‘ h¡, Omo {dœ H$n 2003 H$s {dOoVm ahr Am¡a CÝh| "amOrd Iob aËZ' Ed§ "AOw©Z AdmS>©' go gå‘m{ZV ^r {H$¶m J¶m h¡. A§Obr ^mJdV Zo AnZo H°$[a¶a ‘| 31 ñdU©, 23 aOV, 7 H$m§ñ¶ nXH$ OrVo h¢.

‘hmamï´> Ho$ Iob Am¡a pIbm‹S>r‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

43A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

gwYra àgmXHo$.H$m., ‘w§~B©

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 43A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

H$~È>r - ^maV ‘| H$~È>r ì¶mnH$ ê$n go VH$ar~Z ha amÁ¶ ‘| Iobr OmVr h¡. ‘hmamï>, V{‘bZmSw>, H$Zm©Q>H$, Am§Y« àXoe, Vob§JmZm, {~hma Am¡a n§Om~ ‘| H$~È>r H$mo amOH$s¶ Iob H$m XOm© àmá h¡. bo{H$Z ‘hmamï> ‘| H$~È>r H$mo {deof Ah{‘¶V Xr OmVr h¡.

‘hmamï> Zo ^maV H$mo H$B© H$~È>r pIbm‹S>r {XE h¢, gXmZ§X eoÅ>r, ‘mo{ZH$m ZmW ~H$ao, eHw§$Vbm IQ>mdH$a, em§Vmam‘ OmYd, ‘m¶m AH$ao, AemoH$ qeXo, lram‘ ^dgma, n§H$O {eagmR>, A{^bmfm åhmÌo ¶o ‘hmamï> Ho$ H$~È>r Iob Ho$ Hw$N> Eogo Zm‘ h¢ {OÝh| AOw©Z nwañH$ma go ZdmOm J¶m h¡.

hm°H$s - hm°H$s d¡go Vmo ^maV ‘| Jmodm, H$mobH$mVm ‘| A{YH$ à{gÕ h¡ bo{H$Z ‘hmamï> Zo ^r Bgo AnZm {b¶m h¡ Am¡a YZamO {n„¡, draoZ ag{H$Ýhm, Vwfma Im§S>oH$a {Ogo "Jmob nmoMa' ^r H$hm OmVm h¡, hraÞm E‘. {Z‘b Am{X. à{gÕ hm°H$s pIbm‹S>r, ^maV H$mo {XE h¢.

YZamO {n„¡ H$m AmH«$m‘H$Vm Ho$ gmW ‘¡XmZ Ho$ EH$ N>moa go Xÿgao N>moa na h‘bm H$aZm, CZH$m J|X H§$Q>mob, g~ Hw$N> bmOdm~. YZamO {n„¡ H$mo df© 2000 ‘| amOrd Jm§Yr Iob aËZ nwañH$ma go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m. Xoe H$m gdm}ƒ Iob gå‘mZ nmZo dmbo do nhbo hm°H$s pIbm‹S>r ^r Wo.

Imo-Imo - Imo-Imo ^maV H$m g~go nwamZm nma§n[aH$ Iob h¡. ‘hmamï> ‘| ¶h Iob H$m’$s ‘ehÿa Am¡a bmoH${චahm h¡. ¶h geº$ Am¡a D$Om©dmZ Iob h¡ {Og‘| Xm¡‹S>Zm Am¡a nrN>m H$aZm hmoVm h¡. gm[aH$m H$mbo, {ටH$m ^monmbr, M§Xÿ Mmdao Am{X Hw$N> Eogo Zm‘ h¢ {OÝhm|Zo ^maVr¶ Imo-Imo ‘| ‘hmamï> H$m naM‘ bham¶m h¡. gm[aH$m H$mbo H$mo "AOw©Z nwañH$ma' go ^r gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m h¡.

~¡S>q‘Q>Z - ~¡S>q‘Q>Z EH$ A§Vam©ï>r¶ Iob h¡. ~¡S>q‘Q>Z CËgmh Am¡a amo‘m§M H$m Iob h¡, ~¡S>q‘Q>Z VrZ àH$ma go Iobm OmVm h¡ - EH$b ~¡S>q‘Q>Z, ¶wJb ~¡S>q‘Q>Z Am¡a {‘{lV ¶wJb ~¡S>q‘Q>Z. ‘hmamï> Zo ~¡S>q‘Q>Z H$mo A{hë¶m haOZr, Ádmbm JwÅ>m, AnUm© nmonQ>, Aé§Y{V nr, A{X{V E‘, gm¶br JmoIbo, Zohm n§{S>V, g§¶mo{JVm Kmoan‹S>o, déU H$nya Am{X. pIbm‹S>r {XE h¢.

{H«$Ho$Q> - d¡go Vmo {H«$Ho$Q> nyar Xþ{Z¶m ‘| ‘ehÿa Am¡a bmoH${චh¡ bo{H$Z ‘hmamï> Am¡a {deofV¶m ‘w§~B©, Bg Iob H$s {XdmZr h¡. ‘hmamï> Zo Vmo {H«$Ho$Q> H$mo AZoH$ {dœ à{gÕ {H«$Ho$Q>am| go ZdmOm h¡. {H«$Ho$Q> H$m H«o$O nyao ‘hmamï> ‘| XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡, ‘hmamï> Zo ^maV H$mo H$B© pIbm‹S>r {XE h¢, g{MZ V|XþbH$a, A{OV dmS>oH$a, gwZrb JmdñH$a, a{d emór, {Xbrn d|JgaH$a, g§O¶ ‘m§OaoH$a, µOhra ImZ, A§ew‘mZ Jm¶H$dm‹S>, g§O¶ ~m§Ja, {dZmoX H$m§~br Am{X. ¶o Vmo Hw$N> Zm‘ h¢ bo{H$Z BZHo$ Abmdm ^r AZoH$

pIbm‹S>r {H«$Ho$Q> ‘| AnZm Zm‘ XO© H$a aho h¢ Am¡a ha Jbr, Hy$Mo, Zw $‹S> na {H«$Ho$Q> Iobm OmVm h¡.

g{MZ V|XþbH$a {dœ {H«$Ho$Q> H$m dh Moham h¡ {Ogo {H«$Ho$Q> H$m XodVm ^r H$hm OmVm h¡. amOrd Jm§Yr Iob aËZ nwañH$ma Ho$ Abmdm ~„o~mOr H$m em¶X hr H$moB© Eogm [aH$m°S>© hmo Omo Bg ‘hmZm¶H$ H$s nhþ±M go Xÿa hmo.

eVa§O - eVa§O H$s nwamZr naånam, amOo aOdm‹S>m|, ~mXemhm| Ho$ gmW Mbr Am¶r h¡. ‘hmamï> Zo eVa§O Ho$ Iob ‘| AnZr AbJ ‘wha CR>m¶r h¡. ‘hmamï> H$s amo{hUr Im{S>bH$a Mog pIbm{‹S>¶m| ImgH$a ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ {bE EH$ àoaUm h¡. df© 1976 ‘| amo{hUr nhbr ^maVr¶ ‘{hbm Mog pIbm‹S>r Wt, {OÝhm|Zo ^maVr¶ nwéf M¢{n¶Z{en ‘| à{VñnYm© H$s. CÝhm|Zo nm±M ~ma ^maVr¶ ‘{hbm M¢{n¶Z{en Am¡a Xmo ~ma E{e¶mB© ‘{hbm M¢{n¶Z{en OrVr h¡. CÝh| "AOw©Z nwañH$ma' go ^r ZdmOm J¶m.

‘hmamï> Ho$ àdrU {Wßgo Omo AnZo ~¢H$ ‘| H$m¶©aV Wo, àdrU {Wßgo H$s Y‘© nËZr m½¶lr {Wßgo r eVa§O H$s Xþ{Z¶m ‘| ~hþV ~‹S>m Zm‘ h¡. CÝh| maV gaH$ma Zo "AOw©Z AdmS>©' Am¡a "nÙlr' AdmS>© go ^r gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m h¡, AZwn‘m JmoIbo, A{^OrV Hw§$Q>o, {d{XV JwOamVr, Aj¶amO H$moao, emXÿ©b JmJao, ñdpßZb Ymon‹S>o, ñdm{V KmQ>o, B©em H$adm‹S>o, gm¡å¶m ñdm‘rZmWZ, H¥${VH$m EZ. aMZm nwOmar Am{X ¶o Hw$N> Eogo Zm‘ h¢ {OÝhm|Zo J«m§S> ‘mñQ>a ‘| CnbpãY¶m§ XO© H$s h¢.

Q>o~b Q>o{Zg - Q>o~b Q>o{Zg EH$ g‘¶ ‘| Xmo (EH$b) ¶m Mma (¶wJb) pIbm{‹S>¶m| Ho$ ~rM Iobm OmVm h¡. ‘hmamï> H$s nyOm ghó~wÕo, ‘Yw[aH$m nmQ>H$a Eogo Hw$N> Zm‘ h¢, {OÝhm|Zo ^maV H$s Amoa go A§Vam©ï>r¶ Q>o~b Q>o{Zg ‘| CnbpãY¶m§ XO© H$s h¢.

d¡go Vmo h‘mao Xoe ‘| Iob à{V^mAm| H$s H$moB© H$‘r Zht h¡, nyao {dœ H$mo hm°H$s IobZm ^maV Zo hr {gIm¶m h¡. g^r Iobm| H$s ~mV H$a| Vmo {Z…g§Xoh {H«$Ho$Q> dV©‘mZ ‘| g~go bmoH${චIob ~Z MwH$m h¡. ‘hmamï> Zo ^maVr¶ Iob OJV H$mo AZoH$ Iobm| ‘| ~hþV gmao pIbm‹S>r {XE h¢, {OÝhm|Zo d¡{œH$ ñVa na ^maV H$mo Am¡a Iob H$mo nhMmZ {XbmB© h¡. ¶{X g^r pIbm{‹S>¶m| Am¡a Iobm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| {bIm OmE Vmo Cgo EH$ boI ‘| H$da H$aZm g§ d Zht h¡. bo{H$Z EH$ ~mV ‘¢ Adí¶ H$hZm Mmhÿ±Jm, Iob H$moB© ^r hmo... IobVo ahmo. pIbm‹S>r ~{ZE Am¡a ñdñW a{hE.

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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‘hmamï´> Ho$ Iob Am¡a pIbm‹S>r

‘hmamï> ^maV H$m EH$ amÁ¶ Omo ^maV Ho$ X{jU ‘ܶ ‘| pñWV h¡, BgH$s {JZVr ^maV Ho$ g~go YZr Ed§ g‘¥Õ amÁ¶m| ‘| H$s OmVr h¡. ‘hmamï> eãX g§ñH¥$V Ho$ Xmo eãXm| go {‘bH$a ~Zm h¡, ‘hm VWm amï>, BgH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ ‘hmZ Xoe. ‘hmamï> H$s amOYmZr ‘w§~B© h¡, {Ogo Xoe H$s Am{W©H$ amOYmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r OmZm OmVm h¡.

{Og Vah Zm‘, à{g{Õ Am¡a n¡gm àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ejm ~hþV hr Amdí¶H$ h¡ R>rH$ Cgr àH$ma ñdñW eara Am¡a ‘pñVîH$ àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE g^r H$mo {H$gr Z {H$gr àH$ma H$s emar[aH$ J{V{d{Y ‘| Adí¶ em{‘b hmoZm Mm{hE, {OgHo$ {bE Iob g~go AÀN>m VarH$m h¡. Eogm ‘mZm OmVm h¡ {H$ Iob Am¡a VmH$V EH$ hr {g o$ Ho$ Xmo nhby h¢.

Iob, pIbm{‹S>¶m| H$mo ì¶{º$JV bm^ Ho$ gmW-gmW noeoda bm^ ^r àXmZ H$aVm h¡. Iob ‘hmamï> H$s g§ñH¥${V H$m EH$ ‘hËdnyU© A§J h¡. Hw$íVr, Kw‹S>gdmar, Vra§XmOr, Vbdma~mOr, {ZemZo~mOr ‘hmamï> Ho$ emgH$m| Ho$ ~rM ~hþV hr bmoH${චIob Wo. H$~È>r, hm°H$s, Imo-Imo, ~¡S>q‘Q>Z, {H«$Ho$Q>, eVa§O Am¡a Q>o~b Q>o{Zg Am{X ‘hmamï> Ho$ bmoH${චIob h¢. "{dQ>r-Xm‹Sz>±' ({J„r S§>S>m) Am¡a "nH$‹S>m-nH$‹S>r' O¡go Iob ^r ‘hmamï> ‘| ~ƒm| Ûmam Iobo OmVo Wo.

bo{H$Z AmO H$s ^mJXm¡‹S> ^ar qOXJr ‘| dmo ~MnZ ‘| Iobo OmZo dmbo Iob H$ht Jw‘ go hmo JE h¢, AmO gw~h Ho$ ~mX dmo gwHy$Z dmbr em‘ Zht hmoVr, ~pëH$ grYo amV hmo OmVr h¡, em¶X A~ Omo ~ƒo h¡ dmo BZ Iobm| Ho$ {g’©$ Zm‘ hr gwZ nmE§Jo, O¡go - nH$‹S>‘ nH$‹S>mB©, gm±n gr‹T>r, H¡$a‘, Mmoa - {gnmhr, {dQ>r-Xm§Sy> ({J„r S§>S>m), Nw>nZ-Nw>nmB©, {S>ã~m AmBg nmBg, J{b¶m| ‘| {H«$Ho$Q> IobZm, b§J‹S>r Q>m§J, añgr Hy$XZm, H§$Mo, {nÆz>, Am{X. ¶o Hw$N> Eogo Iob h¢ {OZHo$ {~Zm ~MnZ nyam Zht hþAm H$aVm Wm bo{H$Z A~ Eogm bJVm h¡ O¡go ¶o gmao Iob H$ht Imo JE h¢, Iobm| H$s dmo Xþ{Z¶m ‘mZmo H$ht Jw‘ hmo J¶r h¡. AmO Ho$ BboŠQ>m{ZH$ CnH$aUm| Zo ~ƒm| H$m ~MnZ Am¡a AmCQ>S>moa Iob O¡go N>rZ hr {b¶m h¡.

O~ h‘ ‘hmamï> Ho$ Iobm| H$s ~mV H$aVo h¢, V~ {ZåZ{bpIV Hw$N>oH$ Iob Eogo h¢, {OZH$m C„oI {H$E {~Zm ¶h ~mV nyar Zht hmoJr.

Hw$íVr - Hw$íVr EH$ àmMrZ Iob, H$bm Ed§ ‘Zmoa§OZ H$m gmYZ h¡. Hw$íVr H$mo Xþ{Z¶m H$m g~go nwamZm Iob ‘mZm OmVm h¡. ¶h àm¶… Xmo ì¶{º$¶m| Ho$ ~rM hmoVr h¡ Omo AnZo à{VÛ§Xr H$mo nH$‹S>H$a nQ>H$Zo ¶m Koao go ~mha H$aZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ go Iobr OmVr h¡. Hw$íVr M¡pån¶Z{en O¡go {hÝX Ho$gar, ‘hmamï> Ho$gar ‘hmamï> Ho$ J«m‘rU joÌm| ‘| ~hþV bmoH${චh¢. dV©‘mZ ‘|

(2019) hf©dY©Z gXJra "‘hmamï> Ho$gar' h¢. 2017 Ho$ {dOoVm A{^OrV H$Q>Ho$ H$mo hamH$a ~mbm a’$sH$ 2018 Ho$ {dOoVm aho. "‘hmamï> Ho$gar' ‘| Zaqgh ¶mXd EH$ Eogm Zm‘ h¡, {OÝhm|Zo 2011 go 2013 VH$ VrZ ~ma pIVm~ OrVm h¡ Am¡a {dO¶ Mm¡Yar Zo 2014 go 2016 VH$ bJmVma VrZ ~ma OrV XO© H$s, O~{H$ JUnV Io‹S>H$a, M§~m ‘wÞmbmb, bú‘U dmS>ma, XmXÿ Mm¡Jwbo Am¡a M§ÐYa nm{Q>b Xmo ~ma pIVm~ OrV MwHo$ h¢. ¶wdamO nm{Q>b 17 gmb H$s C‘« ‘| g~go H$‘ C‘« Ho$ {dOoVm hmoZo H$m [aH$m°S>© aIVo h¢. nwamZr ‘amR>r {’$ë‘m| ‘| Amn Bg Hw$íVr Ho$ Iob H$mo ~Iy~r XoI gH$Vo h¢.

Kw‹S>gdmar - ^maV ‘| H$B© ¶wJm| go Kw‹S>gdmar H$s OmVr ahr h¡ hmbm§{H$ dµŠV Ho$ gmW-gmW Bg‘| H$B© ~Xbmd hmo MwHo$ h¢. AmO Kw‹S>gdmar Amob§{nH$ Iobm| H$m {hñgm h¡. Kw‹S>gdmar H$mo VrZ {hñgm| ‘| ~m§Q>m OmVm h¡. So>goO, H«$m°g H§$Q>r Am¡a O§qnJ. Bg VrZm| amC§S> ‘| Kmo‹S>m| H$s j‘Vm Am¡a aMZmË‘H$Vm Ed§ EWbrQ> Ho$ gmW CgHo$ Vmb ‘ob H$mo XoIm OmVm h¡. Kw‹S>gdmar grIZo Ho$ {bE Zm{gH$, ‘mWoamZ Am{X OJhm| na Šb~ ^r nm¶o OmVo h¢. bo{H$Z dº$ Zo Bg draVmnyU© Iob H$mo A~ "aog' ‘| ~Xb {X¶m h¡. ‘w§~B© Ho$ ‘hmbú‘r ‘| pñWV ‘hmbú‘r aog H$mog© {dœ Ho$ à{gÕ aog H$mog© ‘| go EH$ h¡. ¶hm± Xoe {dXoe go ~‹S>r g§»¶m ‘| bmoJ aog IobZo Ho$ {bE AmVo h¢.

Vra§XmOr - Vra§XmOr H$s ewéAmV bJ^J Xg hOma df© nhbo hþB© Wr, O~ Vra Am¡a YZwf H$m BñVo‘mb {eH$ma Am¡a ¶wÕ Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm Wm. Vra Am¡a YZwf go ¶wÕ b‹S>Zo H$m àMbZ am‘m¶U, ‘hm^maV H$mb go h¡. Vra§XmOr Am°qb{nH$ Iobm| ‘| em{‘b h¡.

Vbdma~mOr - Bg Iob ‘| Xmo à{V¶moJr AnZo hmWm| ‘| Vbdma boH$a AnZo à{VÛ§Xr Ho$ eara na àhma H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ Xÿgao H$m gm‘Zm H$aVo h¢. Vbdma nhbo ^maVr¶ ¶wÕm| H$m Ah‘ {hñgm hmoVr Wr. A~ ¶h Iobm| VH$ gr{‘V hmo J¶r h¡.

{ZemZo~mOr - {ZemZo~mOr H$m CÔoí¶ bú¶ H$mo {ZemZm ~ZmZm h¡. {ZemZo~mOr Ho$ {d{^Þ ñnYm©Am| H$mo CnñH$am|, {ZemZm bJmZo H$s Xÿar, bú¶ Am¡a g‘¶ gr‘m Am{X ‘| dJuH¥$V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡.

A§Obr mJdV {ZemZo~mOr ‘| dmo Zm‘ h¡, Omo {dœ H$n 2003 H$s {dOoVm ahr Am¡a CÝh| "amOrd Iob aËZ' Ed§ "AOw©Z AdmS>©' go gå‘m{ZV ^r {H$¶m J¶m h¡. A§Obr ^mJdV Zo AnZo H°$[a¶a ‘| 31 ñdU©, 23 aOV, 7 H$m§ñ¶ nXH$ OrVo h¢.

‘hmamï´> Ho$ Iob Am¡a pIbm‹S>r‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

43A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

gwYra àgmXHo$.H$m., ‘w§~B©

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 43A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

H$~È>r - ^maV ‘| H$~È>r ì¶mnH$ ê$n go VH$ar~Z ha amÁ¶ ‘| Iobr OmVr h¡. ‘hmamï>, V{‘bZmSw>, H$Zm©Q>H$, Am§Y« àXoe, Vob§JmZm, {~hma Am¡a n§Om~ ‘| H$~È>r H$mo amOH$s¶ Iob H$m XOm© àmá h¡. bo{H$Z ‘hmamï> ‘| H$~È>r H$mo {deof Ah{‘¶V Xr OmVr h¡.

‘hmamï> Zo ^maV H$mo H$B© H$~È>r pIbm‹S>r {XE h¢, gXmZ§X eoÅ>r, ‘mo{ZH$m ZmW ~H$ao, eHw§$Vbm IQ>mdH$a, em§Vmam‘ OmYd, ‘m¶m AH$ao, AemoH$ qeXo, lram‘ ^dgma, n§H$O {eagmR>, A{^bmfm åhmÌo ¶o ‘hmamï> Ho$ H$~È>r Iob Ho$ Hw$N> Eogo Zm‘ h¢ {OÝh| AOw©Z nwañH$ma go ZdmOm J¶m h¡.

hm°H$s - hm°H$s d¡go Vmo ^maV ‘| Jmodm, H$mobH$mVm ‘| A{YH$ à{gÕ h¡ bo{H$Z ‘hmamï> Zo ^r Bgo AnZm {b¶m h¡ Am¡a YZamO {n„¡, draoZ ag{H$Ýhm, Vwfma Im§S>oH$a {Ogo "Jmob nmoMa' ^r H$hm OmVm h¡, hraÞm E‘. {Z‘b Am{X. à{gÕ hm°H$s pIbm‹S>r, ^maV H$mo {XE h¢.

YZamO {n„¡ H$m AmH«$m‘H$Vm Ho$ gmW ‘¡XmZ Ho$ EH$ N>moa go Xÿgao N>moa na h‘bm H$aZm, CZH$m J|X H§$Q>mob, g~ Hw$N> bmOdm~. YZamO {n„¡ H$mo df© 2000 ‘| amOrd Jm§Yr Iob aËZ nwañH$ma go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m. Xoe H$m gdm}ƒ Iob gå‘mZ nmZo dmbo do nhbo hm°H$s pIbm‹S>r ^r Wo.

Imo-Imo - Imo-Imo ^maV H$m g~go nwamZm nma§n[aH$ Iob h¡. ‘hmamï> ‘| ¶h Iob H$m’$s ‘ehÿa Am¡a bmoH${චahm h¡. ¶h geº$ Am¡a D$Om©dmZ Iob h¡ {Og‘| Xm¡‹S>Zm Am¡a nrN>m H$aZm hmoVm h¡. gm[aH$m H$mbo, {ටH$m ^monmbr, M§Xÿ Mmdao Am{X Hw$N> Eogo Zm‘ h¢ {OÝhm|Zo ^maVr¶ Imo-Imo ‘| ‘hmamï> H$m naM‘ bham¶m h¡. gm[aH$m H$mbo H$mo "AOw©Z nwañH$ma' go ^r gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m h¡.

~¡S>q‘Q>Z - ~¡S>q‘Q>Z EH$ A§Vam©ï>r¶ Iob h¡. ~¡S>q‘Q>Z CËgmh Am¡a amo‘m§M H$m Iob h¡, ~¡S>q‘Q>Z VrZ àH$ma go Iobm OmVm h¡ - EH$b ~¡S>q‘Q>Z, ¶wJb ~¡S>q‘Q>Z Am¡a {‘{lV ¶wJb ~¡S>q‘Q>Z. ‘hmamï> Zo ~¡S>q‘Q>Z H$mo A{hë¶m haOZr, Ádmbm JwÅ>m, AnUm© nmonQ>, Aé§Y{V nr, A{X{V E‘, gm¶br JmoIbo, Zohm n§{S>V, g§¶mo{JVm Kmoan‹S>o, déU H$nya Am{X. pIbm‹S>r {XE h¢.

{H«$Ho$Q> - d¡go Vmo {H«$Ho$Q> nyar Xþ{Z¶m ‘| ‘ehÿa Am¡a bmoH${චh¡ bo{H$Z ‘hmamï> Am¡a {deofV¶m ‘w§~B©, Bg Iob H$s {XdmZr h¡. ‘hmamï> Zo Vmo {H«$Ho$Q> H$mo AZoH$ {dœ à{gÕ {H«$Ho$Q>am| go ZdmOm h¡. {H«$Ho$Q> H$m H«o$O nyao ‘hmamï> ‘| XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡, ‘hmamï> Zo ^maV H$mo H$B© pIbm‹S>r {XE h¢, g{MZ V|XþbH$a, A{OV dmS>oH$a, gwZrb JmdñH$a, a{d emór, {Xbrn d|JgaH$a, g§O¶ ‘m§OaoH$a, µOhra ImZ, A§ew‘mZ Jm¶H$dm‹S>, g§O¶ ~m§Ja, {dZmoX H$m§~br Am{X. ¶o Vmo Hw$N> Zm‘ h¢ bo{H$Z BZHo$ Abmdm ^r AZoH$

pIbm‹S>r {H«$Ho$Q> ‘| AnZm Zm‘ XO© H$a aho h¢ Am¡a ha Jbr, Hy$Mo, Zw $‹S> na {H«$Ho$Q> Iobm OmVm h¡.

g{MZ V|XþbH$a {dœ {H«$Ho$Q> H$m dh Moham h¡ {Ogo {H«$Ho$Q> H$m XodVm ^r H$hm OmVm h¡. amOrd Jm§Yr Iob aËZ nwañH$ma Ho$ Abmdm ~„o~mOr H$m em¶X hr H$moB© Eogm [aH$m°S>© hmo Omo Bg ‘hmZm¶H$ H$s nhþ±M go Xÿa hmo.

eVa§O - eVa§O H$s nwamZr naånam, amOo aOdm‹S>m|, ~mXemhm| Ho$ gmW Mbr Am¶r h¡. ‘hmamï> Zo eVa§O Ho$ Iob ‘| AnZr AbJ ‘wha CR>m¶r h¡. ‘hmamï> H$s amo{hUr Im{S>bH$a Mog pIbm{‹S>¶m| ImgH$a ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ {bE EH$ àoaUm h¡. df© 1976 ‘| amo{hUr nhbr ^maVr¶ ‘{hbm Mog pIbm‹S>r Wt, {OÝhm|Zo ^maVr¶ nwéf M¢{n¶Z{en ‘| à{VñnYm© H$s. CÝhm|Zo nm±M ~ma ^maVr¶ ‘{hbm M¢{n¶Z{en Am¡a Xmo ~ma E{e¶mB© ‘{hbm M¢{n¶Z{en OrVr h¡. CÝh| "AOw©Z nwañH$ma' go ^r ZdmOm J¶m.

‘hmamï> Ho$ àdrU {Wßgo Omo AnZo ~¢H$ ‘| H$m¶©aV Wo, àdrU {Wßgo H$s Y‘© nËZr m½¶lr {Wßgo r eVa§O H$s Xþ{Z¶m ‘| ~hþV ~‹S>m Zm‘ h¡. CÝh| maV gaH$ma Zo "AOw©Z AdmS>©' Am¡a "nÙlr' AdmS>© go ^r gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m h¡, AZwn‘m JmoIbo, A{^OrV Hw§$Q>o, {d{XV JwOamVr, Aj¶amO H$moao, emXÿ©b JmJao, ñdpßZb Ymon‹S>o, ñdm{V KmQ>o, B©em H$adm‹S>o, gm¡å¶m ñdm‘rZmWZ, H¥${VH$m EZ. aMZm nwOmar Am{X ¶o Hw$N> Eogo Zm‘ h¢ {OÝhm|Zo J«m§S> ‘mñQ>a ‘| CnbpãY¶m§ XO© H$s h¢.

Q>o~b Q>o{Zg - Q>o~b Q>o{Zg EH$ g‘¶ ‘| Xmo (EH$b) ¶m Mma (¶wJb) pIbm{‹S>¶m| Ho$ ~rM Iobm OmVm h¡. ‘hmamï> H$s nyOm ghó~wÕo, ‘Yw[aH$m nmQ>H$a Eogo Hw$N> Zm‘ h¢, {OÝhm|Zo ^maV H$s Amoa go A§Vam©ï>r¶ Q>o~b Q>o{Zg ‘| CnbpãY¶m§ XO© H$s h¢.

d¡go Vmo h‘mao Xoe ‘| Iob à{V^mAm| H$s H$moB© H$‘r Zht h¡, nyao {dœ H$mo hm°H$s IobZm ^maV Zo hr {gIm¶m h¡. g^r Iobm| H$s ~mV H$a| Vmo {Z…g§Xoh {H«$Ho$Q> dV©‘mZ ‘| g~go bmoH${චIob ~Z MwH$m h¡. ‘hmamï> Zo ^maVr¶ Iob OJV H$mo AZoH$ Iobm| ‘| ~hþV gmao pIbm‹S>r {XE h¢, {OÝhm|Zo d¡{œH$ ñVa na ^maV H$mo Am¡a Iob H$mo nhMmZ {XbmB© h¡. ¶{X g^r pIbm{‹S>¶m| Am¡a Iobm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| {bIm OmE Vmo Cgo EH$ boI ‘| H$da H$aZm g§ d Zht h¡. bo{H$Z EH$ ~mV ‘¢ Adí¶ H$hZm Mmhÿ±Jm, Iob H$moB© ^r hmo... IobVo ahmo. pIbm‹S>r ~{ZE Am¡a ñdñW a{hE.

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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‘w§~B© H$s ¶mÌm {H$gr Zo H$s h¡ Vmo nhbm gdmb ¶hr {ZH$bVm h¡ {H$ ³¶m ‘w§~B© Ho$ d‹S>m nmd H$m ñdmX {Xb ^aHo$ MIm {H$ Zht? Š¶m|{H$ ‘w§~B© Ho$ Zm‘ Ho$ gmW hr d‹S>m nmd H$m Zm‘ ^r ¶mX AmVm h¡. ‘w§~B© Ho$ d‹S>m nmd Zo AnZr N>mn nyao Xþ{Z¶m na N>mo‹S> aIr h¡. AmO Ho$ g§X^© ‘| ¶h ‘w§~B© Ho$ {bE EH$ Yamoha O¡gm hmo J¶m h¡ {OgH$s nhMmZ ‘w§~B© Ho$ gmW A{‘Q> én go Ow‹S> JB© h¡.

~¢H$ ‘| ‘oar nhbr V¡ZmVr Ho$ÝÐr¶ H$m¶m©b¶, ‘w§~B© ‘| df© 1997 ‘| hþB© Wr O~ ‘¢ 19 gmb H$s Wr. Cg g‘¶ ‘¢ AnZo ^mB© Ho$ gmW S>m|{~dbr ‘| ahm H$aVr Wr Am¡a amoO ‘w§~B© bmoH$b Q´>oZ nH$‹S>H$a ¶mÌm H$aVr Wr. EH$ Vmo ‘oar C‘« N>moQ>r Wr Am¡a Xÿgar Amoa ‘¢ EH$ N>moQ>o go Jm±d go Am¶r Wr. ‘hmZJa ‘w§~B© eha H$mo XoIVo hr AOr~ gm Ehgmg hþAm. ha {XZ bmoH$b Jm‹S>r ‘| bJ^J Mma K§Q>o H$m g’$a H$a S>m|{~dbr ‘| Jm‹S>r go CVaH$a em‘ H$mo Ka n¡Xb OmVr Wr Vm{H$ Ka Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ gm‘J«r amñVo ‘| IarX gHy±$. gw~h go em‘ VH$ H$s ^mJ‘-^mJ ‘| amV H$mo Ka na nhþ§MVo nhþ§MVo H$m’$s ^yI bJ OmVr Wr. Zm¡H$ar bJ OmZo Ho$ Wmo‹S>o hr {XZ ‘| ‘oao XmoñVm| go nVm Mbm {H$ ‘w§~B©H$a Omo bmOdm~ Am¡a ñdm{Xï> 춧OZ na ‘a {‘Q>Vo h¡§, dh g‹S>H$ na hr {‘bVm h¡ Am¡a AJbo {XZ hr ‘¢Zo R>mZm {H$ Š¶m| Z Cg 춧OZ H$m Cn^moJ {H$¶m OmE? g§¶moJ go AJbo {XZ hr ‘oar ghobr Zo Bg 춧OZ Ho$ ñdmX go ‘wPo é~é H$adm¶m. EH$ ~ma ImZo go hr Bg nmH$¶moJ H$m ‘Om ‘pñVîH$ VH$ Mbm J¶m Am¡a V~ nVm Mbm {H$ ¶h "~m°å~o ~J©a' H$hm OmZodmbm d‹S>m nmd h¡.

V~ go ha {XZ XâVa go Ka bm¡Q>Vo g‘¶ d‹S>m nmd H$m ñdmX boZo H$m ‘oar Or^ B§VOma H$aVr Wr. S>m|{~dbr n{ü‘ ‘| {Og XþH$mZ ‘| ‘¢ nmd IarXVr Wr dhm± ~hþV ^r‹S> hmoVr Wr. Cg g‘¶ ‘oam ‘m{gH$ doVZ ^r ~hþV H$‘ Wm Am¡a Cgr ‘| hr Ka H$m {H$am¶m, n[adhZ 춶 Ed§ Ka H$mo g§^mbZo H$m IM© Am{X nyam H$aZm n‹S>Vm Wm. Cg O‘mZo ‘| EH$ d‹S>m nmd H$m Xm‘ 7 é Wm Am¡a EH$ d‹S>m nmd ImZo go Or Zht ^aVm Wm. H$^r H$^r ‘¢ ^r‹S> Ho$ ~hmZo go ¶m Vmo ‘oao ‘m{gH$ doVZ H$mo Ñ{ï> ‘| aI H$a {~Zm d‹S>m nmd IarXo hr Ka H$s Amoa {ZH$b n‹S>Vr Wr bo{H$Z d‹S>m nmd ImZo H$s ‘oar Omo BÀN>m Wr dh Ag§Vwï> hr ah OmVr Wr. dh AYyar V‘Þm Eogo nyar hmoVr Wr {H$ H$^r H$^r ‘oao ^mB© Ka OëXr Am¶m H$aVm Wm Am¡a gmW ‘| bmVm Wm ‘oao {bE ^r EH$ ñdm{Xï> {Xb MwamZodmbm Am¡a ‘Z bw^mZodmbm d‹S>m nmd!

d‹S>m nmd EH$ emH$mhmar 춧OZ h¡ {OgH$s ewéAmV ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ Ho$ ‘w§~B© ZJa ‘| ‘mZr OmVr h¡. Bg ñdm{Xï> 춧OZ ‘| Vbo hþE ~Q>mQ>m dS>o H$mo ~rM ‘| H$Q>o hþE EH$ nmd Ho$ A§Xa EH$ ¶m Cg go A{YH$ MQ>{Z¶m| Ho$ gmW {‘bmH$a Im¶m OmVm h¡. gmW ‘| har {‘Mu Am¡a H$ƒm ߶mO S>mbH$a ^r pIbm¶m OmVm h¡. Bg ImÚ nXmW© Ho$ ‘yb Ho$ ~mao ‘| MMm© H$s OmE Vmo g~go nhbo lr AemoH$ d¡Ú H$mo BgHo$ Am{dîH$ma H$m lo¶ {‘bVm h¡, {OÝhm|Zo 1966 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| XmXa aobdo ñQ>oeZ na d‹S>m ~oMZm ewê$ {H$¶m Wm. ewéAmV ‘| d¡Ú {g’©$ ~ogZ Am¡a Amby go ~Zm hþAm d‹S>m ~oMVo Wo. Hw$N> g‘¶ nümV CÝhm|Zo BgH$mo Á¶mXm ñdm{Xï> ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Bgo ~rM ‘| aIH$a Cg‘| Hw$N> MQ>{Z¶m| H$mo {‘bmH$a ~oMZm Ama§^ {H$¶m. BgHo$ gmW gmW dh har {‘Mu, bhgwZ, Zm[a¶b Am¡a ‘y±J’$br go ~Zr Jm‹T>r MQ>Zr ^r ~ZmH$a nmd Ho$ ~rM ‘| {‘bmH$a ~oMZo bJo. d‹S>m nmd Ho$ Bg Z¶o ñdê$n Am¡a ñdmX ‘w§~B©H$am| H$mo ~hþV ng§X Am¶m VWm Xoe ^a ‘| ¶h 춧OZ ~hþV ‘ehÿa hþAm.

d‹S>m nmd à{gÕ hmoZo bJm Am¡a gmW hr ~XbVo g‘¶ Ho$ gmW BgHo$ ñdmX ‘| ^r H$B© Vah Ho$ ~Xbmd XoIo JE. goOdmZ d‹S>m nmd, ZmMmo d‹S>m nmd, Jmobr d‹S>m nmd, nmd d‹S>m O¡go ZE ê$n go ~Zo d‹S>m nmd ^r bmoJm| H$mo ng§X AmZo bJo. pI‹S>H$s d‹S>m nmd ñQ>m°b Omo H$ë¶mU ‘| ‘m¡OyX h¡, d‹S>m nmd ~oMZo H$m ~hþV nwamZm ñQ>m°b ‘mZm OmVm h¡. ¶h ñQ>m°b 1960 H$s XeH$m| ‘| dmOo H$s ImZXmZ go ewê$ {H$¶m J¶m Wm {Og‘| Ka H$s pI‹S>H$s Omo g‹S>H$ H$s Amoa IwbVr Wr, Cg pI‹S>H$s go hmW ~mha {ZH$mbH$a d‹S>m ~oMm OmVm Wm. gmb 2000 ‘| ‘w§~B© ‘| ahZo dmbo ì¶mdgm{¶H$ YraO Jwám Zo Oå~moqH$J Zm‘ go d‹S>m nmd H$s MoZ ewê$ H$s. d‹S>m nmd H$mo B§{S>¶Z ~J©a g§~mo{YV H$aVo hþE CÝhmoZo ‘w§~B© ‘| hr 75 XþH$mZ| Imobr Wt {Og‘| ha {XZ ݶyZV‘ 500 d‹S>m nmd ~oMo OmVo h¢. Xoe ^a ‘| AZoH$ d‹S>m nmd Ho$ g|Q>g© ImobZo na ^r ‘w§~B©H$am| H$mo g‹S>H$ Ho$ {H$Zmao {‘bZodmbo Bg 춧OZ go BVZm ñZoh h¡ {H$ do BgH$s VwbZm {H$gr Am¡a 춧OZ go Zht H$a gH$Vo h¢. 2015 gmb ‘| Amb§~¶Z {gÕmW© Zm‘H$ EH$ ì¶{º$ Zo d‹S>m nmd H$s H$Wm nm±M {‘ZQ> H$s S>m°Š¶y‘|Q>ar Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV H$s Wr {Og‘| d‹S>m nmd Ho$ Am{dîH$ma H$Vm© AemoH$ d¡Ú Ho$ ~mao ‘| CëboI Wm.

H$hmZr ‘oao d‹S>m nmd ào‘ H$s...

44 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

H$hmZr ‘oao d‹S>m nmd ‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

45A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

H$m~m}hmB©S´o>Q²g Am¡a µ’$mB~a go ^ao d‹S>m nmd H$m ‘w§~B© Ho$ Am‘ bmoJm| go boH$a gobo{~«Q>rO VH$ g~H$m {Xb OrVZo H$m nhbm H$maU BgH$m ~hþV gñVm hmoZm hr Zht ~pëH$ Bgo V¡¶ma H$aZo ‘| bJZo dmbo ~hþV H$‘ g‘¶ VWm BgH$m ~ohX bOrO ñdmX ^r h¡. Jbr-Jbr ‘| {~H$Zodmbm EH$ gñVm ImÚ nXmW© hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX AmO nyao Xoe ^a ‘| g^r ImZo H$s Mm¡{H$¶m| Am¡a hmoQ>bm| ‘| Bgo namogm Om ahm h¡. ^r‹S>-^m‹S> dmbr ‘w§~B© O¡go eha ‘| Bgo ~ZmZm Am¡a ImZm A˶§V gw{dYmOZH$ hmo J¶m h¡. BVZm hr Zht, ‘w§~B© Ho$ bmoH$b Q´>oZm| ‘| MnmVr Ed§ ~Q>mQ>m ^mOr ImZo go hmoZo dmbr Agw{dYm Ho$ H$maU ^r d‹S>m nmd H$mo ‘w§~B©H$am| Zo AnZm {b¶m. Am‘Vm¡a na Bgo em‘ Ho$ ZmíVo Ho$ ê$n ‘| namogm OmVm h¡. dñVwV… d‹S>m nmd ^maVr¶ 춧OZ h¡, bo{H$Z Bg‘| BñVo‘mb H$s OmZodmbr Xmo ‘hËdnyU© gm‘J«r Omo nmd Am¡a Amby XmoZm| ^maVr¶ Zht h¡. Bg nXmW© H$s bmoH${à¶Vm {edgoZm H$s Amoa go {‘bo àl¶ go 90 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| BVZr ’¡$b J¶r {H$ ‘oH$ S>moZmëS> Ho$ ~J©a ^r Bgo Q>¸$a Zht Xo nm¶m. BgH$m ‘w»¶ H$maU ¶h H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ ~J©a H$mo EH$ {Z¶{‘V VarHo$ go {Z¶{‘V ‘mÌm ‘| ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡ na§Vw d‹S>m nmd ~oMZodmbm| Ho$ nmg CZHo$ AnZo AbJ AbJ Cgo ~ZmZo Ho$ Vm¡a-VarHo$ hmoVo h¡§. nmd H$mo Á¶mXm ñdmX go ^aZo Ho$ {bE do AnZo AnZo VarHo$ BñVo‘mb H$aVo h¢.

BVZm ñdm{Xï> d‹S>m nmd H$mo ~ZmZo H$s {d{Y ~hþV AmgmZ h¡. AmBE Bg na EH$ ZOa S>mb|Jo:-

d‹S>m ~ZmZm:-

Amdí¶H$ nXmW©:

Amby - 3 ~ogZ - 1 H$n ham Y{Z¶m - 2-3 Må‘M Oram - 1/2 Må‘M H$‹S>r nÎmm - 8-10 hëXr nmCS>a - 1/2 Må‘M bmb {‘M© nmCS>a - 1 N>moQ>r Må‘M amB© - 1 N>moQ>r Må‘M

Zt~y ag - 1 N>moQ>r Må‘M AXaH$ noñQ> - 1 N>moQ>r Må‘M ~oqH$J gmoS>m - 1 qnM har {‘M© - 2 htJ - Wmo‹S>m gm Z‘H$ - ñdmXmZwgma Vob - VbZo Ho$ {bE

~ZmZo H$s {d{Y:-

nhbo Amby H$mo C~mb H$a {N>bH$m {ZH$mb| Am¡a ~‹S>o Må‘M go X~mH$a ñ‘¡e H$aZm h¡. har {‘M©, AXaH$, bhgwZ H$mo {‘Šgr ‘| Xa-Xam nrgH$a aIZm h¡. EH$ N>moQ>r H$‹S>mhr ‘| Yr‘r Am±M na 2 Må‘M Vob Ja‘ H$a amB© V‹S>V‹S>mZo Ho$ g‘¶ htJ, H$‹T>r nÎmm, har {‘M© VWm bhgwZ H$m noñQ> S>mbZm h¡. Xmo {‘ZQ> MbmZo Ho$ ~mX hëXr S>mbH$a AÀN>r Vah {‘bmZm h¡. A~ Bg V‹S>Ho$ H$mo ñ‘oe {H$¶o hþE Amby ‘| S>mbH$a H$Q>m hþAm Y{Z¶m, Zt~y H$m ag Am¡a ñdmXmZwgma Z‘H$ S>mbZm h¡. {‘lU H$mo AÀN>r Vah {‘bmH$a N>moQ>r N>moQ>r Jmo{b¶m§ ~ZmH$a aIZm h¡.. EH$ H$Q>moao ‘| ~ogZ S>mbH$a Cg‘| Wmo‹S>m gm Z‘H$, ~oqH$J gmoS>m S>mbH$a Wmo‹S>m Wmo‹S>m nmZr {‘bmH$a Kmob ~ZmZm h¡. A~ Vob Ja‘ H$a Amby Ho$ Jmobo H$mo EH$ EH$ H$a ~ogZ Ho$ {‘lU ‘| Sw>~moH$a Må‘M ¶m hmW go Ja‘ Vob ‘| S>mb H$a ^yam hmoZo VH$ VbZm h¡.

ham MQ>Zr ~ZmZm

Amdí¶H$ nXmW©:

‘y±J’$br - 2 Må‘M Y{Z¶m - 2 Må‘M Oram - 1/2 Må‘M AXaH$ - 1 qnM {Vb - 1/2 Må‘M

Imonam - 2 Må‘M bhgyZ - 3 har {‘M© - 2 MrZr - 1 Må‘M Zt~y ag - 1 Må‘M Z‘H$ - ñdmXmZwgma

~ZmZo H$s {d{Y:-

Oram, ‘y±J’$br, {Vb Am¡a Imonam H$mo {‘Šgr ‘| S>mbH$a AÀN>o go noñQ> ~ZmH$a Cg‘| Y{Z¶m, bhgwZ, har {‘Mu, AXaH$, MrZr, Z‘H$ Am¡a Zt~y ag Omo‹S> H$a Wmo‹S>m gm nmZr go {‘Šgr ‘| noñQ> H$aZm h¡.

bhgwZ MQ>Zr ~ZmZm

Amdí¶H$ nXmW©:

bhgwZ - 8 gyIm hþAm Imonam - 1/2 Må‘M {Vb - 1 Må‘M ‘y±J’$br - 1 Må‘M bmb {‘M© nmCS>a - 2 M‘M

Y{Z¶m nmCS>a - 1 Må‘M B‘br - Wmo‹S>m gm Vob - 1 Må‘M Z‘H$ - ñdmXmZwgma

~ZmZo H$s {d{Y:-

H$‹S>mhr ‘| Vob S>mbH$a bhgwZ, ‘y±J’$br Am¡a {Vb AbJ AbJ ^yZZm h¡. R>§S>m hmoZo Ho$ ~mX BZ VrZm| nXmWm] Ho$ gmW ‘y±J’$br, B‘br, {‘M© nmCS>a, Y{Z¶m nmCS>a Am¡a Z‘H$ S>mbH$a {‘Šgr ‘| nmCS>a H$aZm h¡.

d‹S>m nmd Ho$ gmW

A~ EH$ nmd boH$a Cgo ~rM ‘| go MmHy$ go H$mQ>H$a aIZm h¡. H$Q>o hþE nmd Ho$ A§Xa Ho$ XmoZm| {H$Zmam| na 1 Må‘M har MQ>Zr g‘mZ ê$n go ’¡$bmH$a CgHo$ D$na bhgwZ H$s gyIr MQ>Zr ’¡$bmH$a XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM EH$ Vbm hþAm ~Q>mQ>m d‹S>m aIZm h¡. ñdmXmZwgma Cgo Vbr hþB© har {‘M© Am¡a H$Q>o hþE ߶mO Ho$ gmW Im gH$Vo h¡§.

d‹S>m nmd ImVo h¡§ ~hþV bmoJ bo{H$Z ¶mX H$aVo h¡§ ~hþV H$‘ bmoJ! ~hþV H$‘ ‘w§~B©H$am| H$mo ¶h ~mV {d{XV h¡ {H$ {Og {XZ d‹S>m nmd H$m ñdmX nhbr ~ma MIm Wm Cg {XZ H$mo "{dœ d‹S>m nmd {Xdg' Ho$ én ‘| ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡. ‘w§~B© Ho$ ^moOZ ào‘r d‹S>m nmd H$mo EH$ emZXma Vmoh’o$ Ho$ én ‘| ‘mZVo h¡ VWm CZH$s ImÚ g§ñH¥${V H$m dh à{Vq~~ ‘mZm OmVm h¡. BVZm ~ohVa Ed§ bmoH${චhmoZo Ho$ H$maU hr Bg 춧OZ H$s ¶mX ‘| ha gmb 23 AJñV H$mo {dœ d‹S>m nmd {Xdg ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡.

EZ dr EZ Ama AÞnyUm© jo.‘.à.H$m., {demImnÅ>Z‘

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 45A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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‘w§~B© H$s ¶mÌm {H$gr Zo H$s h¡ Vmo nhbm gdmb ¶hr {ZH$bVm h¡ {H$ ³¶m ‘w§~B© Ho$ d‹S>m nmd H$m ñdmX {Xb ^aHo$ MIm {H$ Zht? Š¶m|{H$ ‘w§~B© Ho$ Zm‘ Ho$ gmW hr d‹S>m nmd H$m Zm‘ ^r ¶mX AmVm h¡. ‘w§~B© Ho$ d‹S>m nmd Zo AnZr N>mn nyao Xþ{Z¶m na N>mo‹S> aIr h¡. AmO Ho$ g§X^© ‘| ¶h ‘w§~B© Ho$ {bE EH$ Yamoha O¡gm hmo J¶m h¡ {OgH$s nhMmZ ‘w§~B© Ho$ gmW A{‘Q> én go Ow‹S> JB© h¡.

~¢H$ ‘| ‘oar nhbr V¡ZmVr Ho$ÝÐr¶ H$m¶m©b¶, ‘w§~B© ‘| df© 1997 ‘| hþB© Wr O~ ‘¢ 19 gmb H$s Wr. Cg g‘¶ ‘¢ AnZo ^mB© Ho$ gmW S>m|{~dbr ‘| ahm H$aVr Wr Am¡a amoO ‘w§~B© bmoH$b Q´>oZ nH$‹S>H$a ¶mÌm H$aVr Wr. EH$ Vmo ‘oar C‘« N>moQ>r Wr Am¡a Xÿgar Amoa ‘¢ EH$ N>moQ>o go Jm±d go Am¶r Wr. ‘hmZJa ‘w§~B© eha H$mo XoIVo hr AOr~ gm Ehgmg hþAm. ha {XZ bmoH$b Jm‹S>r ‘| bJ^J Mma K§Q>o H$m g’$a H$a S>m|{~dbr ‘| Jm‹S>r go CVaH$a em‘ H$mo Ka n¡Xb OmVr Wr Vm{H$ Ka Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ gm‘J«r amñVo ‘| IarX gHy±$. gw~h go em‘ VH$ H$s ^mJ‘-^mJ ‘| amV H$mo Ka na nhþ§MVo nhþ§MVo H$m’$s ^yI bJ OmVr Wr. Zm¡H$ar bJ OmZo Ho$ Wmo‹S>o hr {XZ ‘| ‘oao XmoñVm| go nVm Mbm {H$ ‘w§~B©H$a Omo bmOdm~ Am¡a ñdm{Xï> 춧OZ na ‘a {‘Q>Vo h¡§, dh g‹S>H$ na hr {‘bVm h¡ Am¡a AJbo {XZ hr ‘¢Zo R>mZm {H$ Š¶m| Z Cg 춧OZ H$m Cn^moJ {H$¶m OmE? g§¶moJ go AJbo {XZ hr ‘oar ghobr Zo Bg 춧OZ Ho$ ñdmX go ‘wPo é~é H$adm¶m. EH$ ~ma ImZo go hr Bg nmH$¶moJ H$m ‘Om ‘pñVîH$ VH$ Mbm J¶m Am¡a V~ nVm Mbm {H$ ¶h "~m°å~o ~J©a' H$hm OmZodmbm d‹S>m nmd h¡.

V~ go ha {XZ XâVa go Ka bm¡Q>Vo g‘¶ d‹S>m nmd H$m ñdmX boZo H$m ‘oar Or^ B§VOma H$aVr Wr. S>m|{~dbr n{ü‘ ‘| {Og XþH$mZ ‘| ‘¢ nmd IarXVr Wr dhm± ~hþV ^r‹S> hmoVr Wr. Cg g‘¶ ‘oam ‘m{gH$ doVZ ^r ~hþV H$‘ Wm Am¡a Cgr ‘| hr Ka H$m {H$am¶m, n[adhZ 춶 Ed§ Ka H$mo g§^mbZo H$m IM© Am{X nyam H$aZm n‹S>Vm Wm. Cg O‘mZo ‘| EH$ d‹S>m nmd H$m Xm‘ 7 é Wm Am¡a EH$ d‹S>m nmd ImZo go Or Zht ^aVm Wm. H$^r H$^r ‘¢ ^r‹S> Ho$ ~hmZo go ¶m Vmo ‘oao ‘m{gH$ doVZ H$mo Ñ{ï> ‘| aI H$a {~Zm d‹S>m nmd IarXo hr Ka H$s Amoa {ZH$b n‹S>Vr Wr bo{H$Z d‹S>m nmd ImZo H$s ‘oar Omo BÀN>m Wr dh Ag§Vwï> hr ah OmVr Wr. dh AYyar V‘Þm Eogo nyar hmoVr Wr {H$ H$^r H$^r ‘oao ^mB© Ka OëXr Am¶m H$aVm Wm Am¡a gmW ‘| bmVm Wm ‘oao {bE ^r EH$ ñdm{Xï> {Xb MwamZodmbm Am¡a ‘Z bw^mZodmbm d‹S>m nmd!

d‹S>m nmd EH$ emH$mhmar 춧OZ h¡ {OgH$s ewéAmV ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ Ho$ ‘w§~B© ZJa ‘| ‘mZr OmVr h¡. Bg ñdm{Xï> 춧OZ ‘| Vbo hþE ~Q>mQ>m dS>o H$mo ~rM ‘| H$Q>o hþE EH$ nmd Ho$ A§Xa EH$ ¶m Cg go A{YH$ MQ>{Z¶m| Ho$ gmW {‘bmH$a Im¶m OmVm h¡. gmW ‘| har {‘Mu Am¡a H$ƒm ߶mO S>mbH$a ^r pIbm¶m OmVm h¡. Bg ImÚ nXmW© Ho$ ‘yb Ho$ ~mao ‘| MMm© H$s OmE Vmo g~go nhbo lr AemoH$ d¡Ú H$mo BgHo$ Am{dîH$ma H$m lo¶ {‘bVm h¡, {OÝhm|Zo 1966 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| XmXa aobdo ñQ>oeZ na d‹S>m ~oMZm ewê$ {H$¶m Wm. ewéAmV ‘| d¡Ú {g’©$ ~ogZ Am¡a Amby go ~Zm hþAm d‹S>m ~oMVo Wo. Hw$N> g‘¶ nümV CÝhm|Zo BgH$mo Á¶mXm ñdm{Xï> ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Bgo ~rM ‘| aIH$a Cg‘| Hw$N> MQ>{Z¶m| H$mo {‘bmH$a ~oMZm Ama§^ {H$¶m. BgHo$ gmW gmW dh har {‘Mu, bhgwZ, Zm[a¶b Am¡a ‘y±J’$br go ~Zr Jm‹T>r MQ>Zr ^r ~ZmH$a nmd Ho$ ~rM ‘| {‘bmH$a ~oMZo bJo. d‹S>m nmd Ho$ Bg Z¶o ñdê$n Am¡a ñdmX ‘w§~B©H$am| H$mo ~hþV ng§X Am¶m VWm Xoe ^a ‘| ¶h 춧OZ ~hþV ‘ehÿa hþAm.

d‹S>m nmd à{gÕ hmoZo bJm Am¡a gmW hr ~XbVo g‘¶ Ho$ gmW BgHo$ ñdmX ‘| ^r H$B© Vah Ho$ ~Xbmd XoIo JE. goOdmZ d‹S>m nmd, ZmMmo d‹S>m nmd, Jmobr d‹S>m nmd, nmd d‹S>m O¡go ZE ê$n go ~Zo d‹S>m nmd ^r bmoJm| H$mo ng§X AmZo bJo. pI‹S>H$s d‹S>m nmd ñQ>m°b Omo H$ë¶mU ‘| ‘m¡OyX h¡, d‹S>m nmd ~oMZo H$m ~hþV nwamZm ñQ>m°b ‘mZm OmVm h¡. ¶h ñQ>m°b 1960 H$s XeH$m| ‘| dmOo H$s ImZXmZ go ewê$ {H$¶m J¶m Wm {Og‘| Ka H$s pI‹S>H$s Omo g‹S>H$ H$s Amoa IwbVr Wr, Cg pI‹S>H$s go hmW ~mha {ZH$mbH$a d‹S>m ~oMm OmVm Wm. gmb 2000 ‘| ‘w§~B© ‘| ahZo dmbo ì¶mdgm{¶H$ YraO Jwám Zo Oå~moqH$J Zm‘ go d‹S>m nmd H$s MoZ ewê$ H$s. d‹S>m nmd H$mo B§{S>¶Z ~J©a g§~mo{YV H$aVo hþE CÝhmoZo ‘w§~B© ‘| hr 75 XþH$mZ| Imobr Wt {Og‘| ha {XZ ݶyZV‘ 500 d‹S>m nmd ~oMo OmVo h¢. Xoe ^a ‘| AZoH$ d‹S>m nmd Ho$ g|Q>g© ImobZo na ^r ‘w§~B©H$am| H$mo g‹S>H$ Ho$ {H$Zmao {‘bZodmbo Bg 춧OZ go BVZm ñZoh h¡ {H$ do BgH$s VwbZm {H$gr Am¡a 춧OZ go Zht H$a gH$Vo h¢. 2015 gmb ‘| Amb§~¶Z {gÕmW© Zm‘H$ EH$ ì¶{º$ Zo d‹S>m nmd H$s H$Wm nm±M {‘ZQ> H$s S>m°Š¶y‘|Q>ar Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV H$s Wr {Og‘| d‹S>m nmd Ho$ Am{dîH$ma H$Vm© AemoH$ d¡Ú Ho$ ~mao ‘| CëboI Wm.

H$hmZr ‘oao d‹S>m nmd ào‘ H$s...

44 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

H$hmZr ‘oao d‹S>m nmd ‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

45A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

H$m~m}hmB©S´o>Q²g Am¡a µ’$mB~a go ^ao d‹S>m nmd H$m ‘w§~B© Ho$ Am‘ bmoJm| go boH$a gobo{~«Q>rO VH$ g~H$m {Xb OrVZo H$m nhbm H$maU BgH$m ~hþV gñVm hmoZm hr Zht ~pëH$ Bgo V¡¶ma H$aZo ‘| bJZo dmbo ~hþV H$‘ g‘¶ VWm BgH$m ~ohX bOrO ñdmX ^r h¡. Jbr-Jbr ‘| {~H$Zodmbm EH$ gñVm ImÚ nXmW© hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX AmO nyao Xoe ^a ‘| g^r ImZo H$s Mm¡{H$¶m| Am¡a hmoQ>bm| ‘| Bgo namogm Om ahm h¡. ^r‹S>-^m‹S> dmbr ‘w§~B© O¡go eha ‘| Bgo ~ZmZm Am¡a ImZm A˶§V gw{dYmOZH$ hmo J¶m h¡. BVZm hr Zht, ‘w§~B© Ho$ bmoH$b Q´>oZm| ‘| MnmVr Ed§ ~Q>mQ>m ^mOr ImZo go hmoZo dmbr Agw{dYm Ho$ H$maU ^r d‹S>m nmd H$mo ‘w§~B©H$am| Zo AnZm {b¶m. Am‘Vm¡a na Bgo em‘ Ho$ ZmíVo Ho$ ê$n ‘| namogm OmVm h¡. dñVwV… d‹S>m nmd ^maVr¶ 춧OZ h¡, bo{H$Z Bg‘| BñVo‘mb H$s OmZodmbr Xmo ‘hËdnyU© gm‘J«r Omo nmd Am¡a Amby XmoZm| ^maVr¶ Zht h¡. Bg nXmW© H$s bmoH${à¶Vm {edgoZm H$s Amoa go {‘bo àl¶ go 90 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| BVZr ’¡$b J¶r {H$ ‘oH$ S>moZmëS> Ho$ ~J©a ^r Bgo Q>¸$a Zht Xo nm¶m. BgH$m ‘w»¶ H$maU ¶h H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ ~J©a H$mo EH$ {Z¶{‘V VarHo$ go {Z¶{‘V ‘mÌm ‘| ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡ na§Vw d‹S>m nmd ~oMZodmbm| Ho$ nmg CZHo$ AnZo AbJ AbJ Cgo ~ZmZo Ho$ Vm¡a-VarHo$ hmoVo h¡§. nmd H$mo Á¶mXm ñdmX go ^aZo Ho$ {bE do AnZo AnZo VarHo$ BñVo‘mb H$aVo h¢.

BVZm ñdm{Xï> d‹S>m nmd H$mo ~ZmZo H$s {d{Y ~hþV AmgmZ h¡. AmBE Bg na EH$ ZOa S>mb|Jo:-

d‹S>m ~ZmZm:-

Amdí¶H$ nXmW©:

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~ZmZo H$s {d{Y:-

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ham MQ>Zr ~ZmZm

Amdí¶H$ nXmW©:

‘y±J’$br - 2 Må‘M Y{Z¶m - 2 Må‘M Oram - 1/2 Må‘M AXaH$ - 1 qnM {Vb - 1/2 Må‘M

Imonam - 2 Må‘M bhgyZ - 3 har {‘M© - 2 MrZr - 1 Må‘M Zt~y ag - 1 Må‘M Z‘H$ - ñdmXmZwgma

~ZmZo H$s {d{Y:-

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bhgwZ MQ>Zr ~ZmZm

Amdí¶H$ nXmW©:

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Y{Z¶m nmCS>a - 1 Må‘M B‘br - Wmo‹S>m gm Vob - 1 Må‘M Z‘H$ - ñdmXmZwgma

~ZmZo H$s {d{Y:-

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d‹S>m nmd Ho$ gmW

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d‹S>m nmd ImVo h¡§ ~hþV bmoJ bo{H$Z ¶mX H$aVo h¡§ ~hþV H$‘ bmoJ! ~hþV H$‘ ‘w§~B©H$am| H$mo ¶h ~mV {d{XV h¡ {H$ {Og {XZ d‹S>m nmd H$m ñdmX nhbr ~ma MIm Wm Cg {XZ H$mo "{dœ d‹S>m nmd {Xdg' Ho$ én ‘| ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡. ‘w§~B© Ho$ ^moOZ ào‘r d‹S>m nmd H$mo EH$ emZXma Vmoh’o$ Ho$ én ‘| ‘mZVo h¡ VWm CZH$s ImÚ g§ñH¥${V H$m dh à{Vq~~ ‘mZm OmVm h¡. BVZm ~ohVa Ed§ bmoH${චhmoZo Ho$ H$maU hr Bg 춧OZ H$s ¶mX ‘| ha gmb 23 AJñV H$mo {dœ d‹S>m nmd {Xdg ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡.

EZ dr EZ Ama AÞnyUm© jo.‘.à.H$m., {demImnÅ>Z‘

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 45A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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46 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

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‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

Page 47: भारत सरकार का उपक्रम - अनुक्रमणिका - Union Bank of India

46 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

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{‘bVo h¢. Bgr am¶J‹T> ‘| nmbr H$m JUnVr ‘§{Xa h¡. ¶hm§ go nmg ‘| hr

gwYmJ‹T> Am¡a gagJ‹T> {H$bo h§¡ Omo Bg Eo{Vhm{gH$ {Zem{Z¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘|

à{gÕ h¡§. ‘hm‹S> Ho$ nmg nd©V na 29 Jw’$mAm| ‘| hñV{eën {H$E hþ¶o

AØþV ZOmao h¢. am¶J‹T> Ho$ ‘wéS> O§Oram Bg Jm§d H$mo ~hþV hr gw§Xa g‘wÐ

{H$Zmam àmßV hþAm h¡ Am¡a ¶hm§ Ho$ Zdm~mo§ H$m dm‹S>m EH$ àojUr¶ ñWb

h¡. BgHo$ nmg hr amOnwar Im‹S>r Ho$ Xÿgao {H$Zmao na O§Oram ObXþJ© h¡. 17

dr§ eVmãXr ‘| Bg {H$bo H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m J¶m Wm. ¶hm§ EH$ Jw’$m ^r h¡

Omo Xe©Zr¶ h¡.

am¶J‹T> lr {edmOr ‘hmamO H$m J‹T> h¡. BgH$m {Z‘m©U 1664 ‘| {H$¶m

J¶m Am¡a {edmOr ‘hmamO H$s ‘amR>m g§ñH¥${V H$s amOYmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘| VWm

‘hmamï> H$o B{Vhmg H$m gmjr ¶h {H$bm h¡. Bgr {H$bo na lr {edmOr

‘hmamO H$m amÁ¶m{^foH$ 1672 ‘| {H$¶m J¶m. df© 1680 ‘| ‘hmamO H$s$

‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ ~mX CZH$s g‘m{Y r ¶hm§ h¡. ¶hm§ J§JmgmJa Vmbm~ Am¡a ‘mVmolr

OrOm~mB© H$m ‘hb Am¡a g‘m{Y ^r h¡.

‘hmamï> ‘| ^maV Ho$ ~mah Á¶mo{VqbJm| ‘| go 4 Á¶mo{VqbJ h¢. dht

AmoPa, WoCa, nmbr, ‘hS>, ‘moaJm§d, am§OUJm§d, b|ʶmÐr Am¡a {gÕQ>oH$ ¶o

AmR> Aï>{dZm¶H$ ‘§{Xa ^r h¢. H$moëhmnwa, VwbOmnwa, ‘mhþa Am¡a gáe¥§Jr

e{º$ nrR> ^r ‘hmamï> H$s Ym{‘©H$, gm§ñH¥${V Am¡a Eo{Vhm{gH$ {damgV Ho$

H|$Ð h¢.

B{Vhmg Ho$ nÞm| H$mo nbQ> H$a XoIZo na gånyU© ‘hmamï> ‘| ~hþV gmao {H$bo,

Ym{‘©H$ ñWmZ, Eo{Vhm{gH$ ñWmZ, àmH¥${VH$ gw§XaVm, Omo ‘hmamï> Ho$ ha

Jm§d Ed§ eha H$mo {deof ê$n go Ab§H¥$V H$aVr h¡. Eogo H$B© Eo{Vhm{gH$

ñWmZ, Jm¡adembr B{Vhmg Ho$ Yamoha Ho$ én ‘| H$moZo-H$moZo ‘| ’¡$bo hþE

h¡, Omo ‘hmamï> Ho$ n¶©Q>Z H$mo Am{W©H$ ê$n go g§nÞ Am¡a g‘¥Õ ~ZmZo ‘|

{deof ¶moJXmZ XoVo h¡.

A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 47A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

ho‘§V {edHw$‘ma OmoerHw$aZIo‹S> emIm, ZmJnwa

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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48 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ48 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

amO^mfm nwañH$ma

{X. 24.11.20 XþJm©nwa ñQ>rb ßbm§Q>, XþJm©nwa ZamH$mg Ûmam jo.H$m., XþJm©nwa H$mo ZamH$mg g{Md, lr H$m‘b|Xþ {‘l Ûmam amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z nwañH$ma àXmZ {H$¶m J¶m.

^maV gaH$ma, J¥h ‘§Ìmb¶ amO^mfm {d^mJ Ûmam 22.08.20 go 14.09.20 Ho$ Xm¡amZ H§$R>ñW Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go Am¶mo{OV Am°ZbmBZ à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| amO^mfm {d^mJ, J¥h ‘§Ìmb¶ ^maV gaH$ma go àe§gm nÌ {d^mJ à‘wI Ho$ ê$n ‘| lr ~«Ooœa e‘m©, ‘w»¶ ‘hmà~§YH$ (‘m.g.) Ed§ Om§M A{YH$mar Ho$ ê$n ‘| lr Amerf Hw$‘ma Jwám H$mo àmá hþAm.

{X.23.12.20 H$mo ~¢H$ ZamH$mg, ~‹S>m¡Xm Ûmam Am¶mo{OV dm{f©H$ nwañH$ma {dVaU g‘mamoh ‘| jo.H$m., ~‹S>m¡Xm H$mo AÝVa ~¢H$ amO^mfm erëS> à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| {ÛVr¶ nwañH$ma go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m. ~¢H$ ZamH$mg, ~‹S>m¡Xm Ho$ Aܶj lr Ho$ Ama H$Zm¡{O¶m, (‘w»¶ ‘hmà~§YH$-n[aMmbZ ~¢H$ Am°’$ ~‹S>m¡Xm) Ho$ H$a H$‘bm| go erëS> VWm à‘mU nÌ J«hU H$aVo joÌ à‘wI, lr g˶OrV ‘hm§Vr Ed§ amO^mfm à^mar gwlr amYm {‘l.

{X. 24.11.20 XþJm©nwa ñQ>rb ßbm§Q>, XþJm©nwa ZamH$mg Ûmam jo.H$m.,

{X. 10.12.20 H$mo df© 2019-20 Ho$ {bE amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z ‘| CËH¥$ð> H$m¶©{ZînmXZ hoVw jo H$m Zm{gH$ H$mo àW‘ nwañH$ma gXñ¶ g{Md, S>m°. A{ZHo$V ~moaH$a, ZamH$mg EMEEb, Zm{gH$ Ûmam S>m°. A{OV ‘amR>o, joÌ à‘wI, Zm{gH$ H$mo àXmZ {H$¶m J¶m. gmW hr jo.H$m., Zm{gH$ H$s J¥hn{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z n§MdQ>r' H$mo CËH¥$ð> J¥hn{ÌH$m hoVw df© 2019-2020 hoVw àW‘ nwañH$ma go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m.

lr Amerf Hw$‘ma Jwám H$mo àmá hþAm.

{X. 10.12.20 H$mo df© 2019-20 Ho$ {bE amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z ‘| CËH¥$ð>

{X. 22.12.20 H$mo Am¶mo{OV ZamH$mg, JmOrnwa Ho$ nwañH$ma {dVaU g‘mamoh ‘| df© 2019-20 Ho$ Xm¡amZ amO^mfm loð> H$m¶©{ZînmXZ Ho$ {bE jo.H$m., JmOrnwa H$mo ZamH$mg, JmOrnwa go àW‘ nwañH$ma àmá hþAm. ¶h nwañH$ma H|$Ðr¶ {dÚmb¶, JmOrnwa Ho$ àmMm¶© Ho$ H$a-H$‘bm| go JmOrnwa joÌ à‘wI, lr a§OrV qgh Ed§ amO^mfm A{YH$mar, lr {H$emoa Hw$‘ma Ûmam J«hU {H$¶m J¶m.

^maV gaH$ma, J¥h ‘§Ìmb¶ amO^mfm {d^mJ Ûmam 22.08.20 go 14.09.20 ^maV gaH$ma, J¥h ‘§Ìmb¶ amO^mfm {d^mJ Ûmam 22.08.20 go 14.09.20 ^maV gaH$ma, J¥h ‘§Ìmb¶ amO^mfm {d^mJ Ûmam 22.08.20 go 14.09.20

df©, 2019-20 Ho$ {bE amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z ‘| CËH¥$ï> H$m¶© hoVw jo.H$m., Zo„za H$mo ZamH$mg, Zo„za go àW‘ nwañH$ma àmá hþAm. nwañH$ma H$s KmofUm {X. 24.11.20 H$mo Am°ZbmBZ ‘mܶ‘ go hþB©. joÌ à‘wI Ed§ ZamH$mg Aܶj, lr Eg Ama ‘{UdÊUZ Ho$ gmW Q>r‘ Zo„za.

{X.24.11.20 H$mo Am¶mo{OV ZamH$mg, g§~bnwa H$s AÕ©dm{f©H$ Am°Zbm°BZ ~¡R>H$ ‘| df© 2019-20 hoVw amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z Ho$ {bE jo. H$m. g§~bnwa H$mo df© 2019-20 Ho$ {bE {ÛVr¶ nwañH$ma àmá hþAm.

CËH¥$ð> J¥hn{ÌH$m hoVw df© 2019-2020 hoVw àW‘ nwañH$ma go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m.

{X.24.11.20 H$mo Am¶mo{OV ZamH$mg, g§~bnwa H$s AÕ©dm{f©H$ Am°Zbm°BZ ~¡R>H$

49A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 49A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

{X. 22.12.20 H$mo Am¶mo{OV ZamH$mg, JmOrnwa Ho$ nwañH$ma {dVaU g‘mamoh ‘| ZamH$mg, JmOrnwa Ûmam Am¶mo{OV à{V¶mo{JVmAm| ‘| jo.H$m., JmOrnwa Ho$ 05 ñQ>m’$ gXñ¶m| H$mo H«$‘e: 02 àW‘, 02 {ÛVr¶ VWm 01 V¥Vr¶ nwañH$ma àmá hþAm.

{X.18.11.20 H$mo ZamH$mg H$mo{fµ $moS> Ûmam Am¶mo{OV {hÝXr erf©H$ boIZ à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| gwlr Cfm Ed§ gwlr ’$m{V‘m g’$a, jo.H$m., H$mo{fµ $moS> H$mo àW‘ Ed§ gm§ËdZm nwañH$ma àmá hþAm.

{X. 10.11.20 H$mo jo. H$m., n§OmJwÅ>m (h¡Xam~mX) H$mo ZamH$mg(~¢H$) h¡Xam~mX go df© 2019-20 Ho$ Xm¡amZ Am§M{bH$ H$m¶m©b¶ loUr ‘| amO^mfm Ho$ CËH¥$ï> H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z hoVw V¥Vr¶ nwañH$ma {X¶m J¶m. gXñ¶ g{Md, lr a§Jm gmB© Ûmam nwañH$ma J«hU H$aVo hþE lr A{‘V e‘m©, ‘w»¶ à~§YH$ Ed§ gwlr {à¶m goR>, amO^mfm A{YH$mar.

{X.23.12.20 H$mo ~¢H$ ZamH$mg,~‹S>m¡Xm Ho$ dm{f©H$ nwañH$ma {dVaU g‘mamoh ‘| S> moB© amoS> emIm H$mo AÝVa ~¢H$ amO^mfm erëS> à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| emImAm| H$s loUr ‘| {deof àmoËgmhZ nwañH$ma Ed§ ݶy drAmB©nr amoS> emIm H$mo {ÛVr¶ nwañH$ma go ~¢H$ ZamH$mg,~‹S>m¡Xm Ho$ Aܶj lr Ho$ Ama H$Zm¡{O¶m, (‘w»¶ ‘hmà~§YH$, n[aMmbZ, ~¢H$ Am°’$ ~‹S>m¡Xm) Ho$ H$a-H$‘bm| go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m. erëS> VWm à‘mUnÌ J«hU H$aVo lr {‘{Wboe qgh amUm, Cn emIm à‘wI, S> moB© amoS> emIm Ed§ gwlr ñZohm Hw$‘mar, emIm à‘wI, ݶy drAmB©nr amoS> emIm.

ZamH$mg AmU§X Ûmam {dÎmr¶ df© 2019-20 hoVw dm{f©H$ erëS> ¶moOZm Ho$ A§VJ©V jo. H$m. AmU§X H$mo ZamH$mg Aܶj Ed§ joÌr¶ à‘wI lr AaqdX {d‘b, ~¢H$ Am°’$ ~‹S>m¡Xm Ûmam {ÛVr¶ nwañH$ma àXmZ {H$¶m J¶m.

{X.23.12.20 H$mo ~¢H$ ZamH$mg,~‹S>m¡Xm Ho$ dm{f©H$ nwañH$ma {dVaU g‘mamoh ‘| S> moB©

{X. 29.10.2020 H$mo ZamH$mg, O~bnwa H$s N>… ‘mhr g‘rjm ~¡R>H$ ‘| ¶y{Z¶Z ~¢H$ Ho$ lr ‘Zrf ~§gb H$mo EH$ VWm gwlr ZraOm H$moð>r H$mo VrZ nwañH$ma àmá hþE.

ZamH$mg AmU§X Ho$ VËdmdYmZ ‘| jo. H$m. AmU§X Ûmam Am¶mo{OV amO^mfm gm‘mݶ kmZ à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| gwlr ‘oKm Xþ~o, ¶y{Z¶Z ~¢H$ Am°’$ B§{S>¶m H$mo {X. 03.12.20 H$mo {ÛVr¶ nwañH$ma àmá hþAm.

ZamH$mg AmU§X Ho$ VËdmdYmZ ‘| jo. H$m. AmU§X Ûmam Am¶mo{OV amO^mfm gm‘mݶ

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amO^mfm nwañH$ma

{X. 24.11.20 XþJm©nwa ñQ>rb ßbm§Q>, XþJm©nwa ZamH$mg Ûmam jo.H$m., XþJm©nwa H$mo ZamH$mg g{Md, lr H$m‘b|Xþ {‘l Ûmam amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z nwañH$ma àXmZ {H$¶m J¶m.

^maV gaH$ma, J¥h ‘§Ìmb¶ amO^mfm {d^mJ Ûmam 22.08.20 go 14.09.20 Ho$ Xm¡amZ H§$R>ñW Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go Am¶mo{OV Am°ZbmBZ à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| amO^mfm {d^mJ, J¥h ‘§Ìmb¶ ^maV gaH$ma go àe§gm nÌ {d^mJ à‘wI Ho$ ê$n ‘| lr ~«Ooœa e‘m©, ‘w»¶ ‘hmà~§YH$ (‘m.g.) Ed§ Om§M A{YH$mar Ho$ ê$n ‘| lr Amerf Hw$‘ma Jwám H$mo àmá hþAm.

{X.23.12.20 H$mo ~¢H$ ZamH$mg, ~‹S>m¡Xm Ûmam Am¶mo{OV dm{f©H$ nwañH$ma {dVaU g‘mamoh ‘| jo.H$m., ~‹S>m¡Xm H$mo AÝVa ~¢H$ amO^mfm erëS> à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| {ÛVr¶ nwañH$ma go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m. ~¢H$ ZamH$mg, ~‹S>m¡Xm Ho$ Aܶj lr Ho$ Ama H$Zm¡{O¶m, (‘w»¶ ‘hmà~§YH$-n[aMmbZ ~¢H$ Am°’$ ~‹S>m¡Xm) Ho$ H$a H$‘bm| go erëS> VWm à‘mU nÌ J«hU H$aVo joÌ à‘wI, lr g˶OrV ‘hm§Vr Ed§ amO^mfm à^mar gwlr amYm {‘l.

{X. 24.11.20 XþJm©nwa ñQ>rb ßbm§Q>, XþJm©nwa ZamH$mg Ûmam jo.H$m.,

{X. 10.12.20 H$mo df© 2019-20 Ho$ {bE amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z ‘| CËH¥$ð> H$m¶©{ZînmXZ hoVw jo H$m Zm{gH$ H$mo àW‘ nwañH$ma gXñ¶ g{Md, S>m°. A{ZHo$V ~moaH$a, ZamH$mg EMEEb, Zm{gH$ Ûmam S>m°. A{OV ‘amR>o, joÌ à‘wI, Zm{gH$ H$mo àXmZ {H$¶m J¶m. gmW hr jo.H$m., Zm{gH$ H$s J¥hn{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z n§MdQ>r' H$mo CËH¥$ð> J¥hn{ÌH$m hoVw df© 2019-2020 hoVw àW‘ nwañH$ma go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m.

lr Amerf Hw$‘ma Jwám H$mo àmá hþAm.

{X. 10.12.20 H$mo df© 2019-20 Ho$ {bE amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z ‘| CËH¥$ð>

{X. 22.12.20 H$mo Am¶mo{OV ZamH$mg, JmOrnwa Ho$ nwañH$ma {dVaU g‘mamoh ‘| df© 2019-20 Ho$ Xm¡amZ amO^mfm loð> H$m¶©{ZînmXZ Ho$ {bE jo.H$m., JmOrnwa H$mo ZamH$mg, JmOrnwa go àW‘ nwañH$ma àmá hþAm. ¶h nwañH$ma H|$Ðr¶ {dÚmb¶, JmOrnwa Ho$ àmMm¶© Ho$ H$a-H$‘bm| go JmOrnwa joÌ à‘wI, lr a§OrV qgh Ed§ amO^mfm A{YH$mar, lr {H$emoa Hw$‘ma Ûmam J«hU {H$¶m J¶m.

^maV gaH$ma, J¥h ‘§Ìmb¶ amO^mfm {d^mJ Ûmam 22.08.20 go 14.09.20 ^maV gaH$ma, J¥h ‘§Ìmb¶ amO^mfm {d^mJ Ûmam 22.08.20 go 14.09.20 ^maV gaH$ma, J¥h ‘§Ìmb¶ amO^mfm {d^mJ Ûmam 22.08.20 go 14.09.20

df©, 2019-20 Ho$ {bE amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z ‘| CËH¥$ï> H$m¶© hoVw jo.H$m., Zo„za H$mo ZamH$mg, Zo„za go àW‘ nwañH$ma àmá hþAm. nwañH$ma H$s KmofUm {X. 24.11.20 H$mo Am°ZbmBZ ‘mܶ‘ go hþB©. joÌ à‘wI Ed§ ZamH$mg Aܶj, lr Eg Ama ‘{UdÊUZ Ho$ gmW Q>r‘ Zo„za.

{X.24.11.20 H$mo Am¶mo{OV ZamH$mg, g§~bnwa H$s AÕ©dm{f©H$ Am°Zbm°BZ ~¡R>H$ ‘| df© 2019-20 hoVw amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z Ho$ {bE jo. H$m. g§~bnwa H$mo df© 2019-20 Ho$ {bE {ÛVr¶ nwañH$ma àmá hþAm.

CËH¥$ð> J¥hn{ÌH$m hoVw df© 2019-2020 hoVw àW‘ nwañH$ma go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m.

{X.24.11.20 H$mo Am¶mo{OV ZamH$mg, g§~bnwa H$s AÕ©dm{f©H$ Am°Zbm°BZ ~¡R>H$

49A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 49A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

{X. 22.12.20 H$mo Am¶mo{OV ZamH$mg, JmOrnwa Ho$ nwañH$ma {dVaU g‘mamoh ‘| ZamH$mg, JmOrnwa Ûmam Am¶mo{OV à{V¶mo{JVmAm| ‘| jo.H$m., JmOrnwa Ho$ 05 ñQ>m’$ gXñ¶m| H$mo H«$‘e: 02 àW‘, 02 {ÛVr¶ VWm 01 V¥Vr¶ nwañH$ma àmá hþAm.

{X.18.11.20 H$mo ZamH$mg H$mo{fµ $moS> Ûmam Am¶mo{OV {hÝXr erf©H$ boIZ à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| gwlr Cfm Ed§ gwlr ’$m{V‘m g’$a, jo.H$m., H$mo{fµ $moS> H$mo àW‘ Ed§ gm§ËdZm nwañH$ma àmá hþAm.

{X. 10.11.20 H$mo jo. H$m., n§OmJwÅ>m (h¡Xam~mX) H$mo ZamH$mg(~¢H$) h¡Xam~mX go df© 2019-20 Ho$ Xm¡amZ Am§M{bH$ H$m¶m©b¶ loUr ‘| amO^mfm Ho$ CËH¥$ï> H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z hoVw V¥Vr¶ nwañH$ma {X¶m J¶m. gXñ¶ g{Md, lr a§Jm gmB© Ûmam nwañH$ma J«hU H$aVo hþE lr A{‘V e‘m©, ‘w»¶ à~§YH$ Ed§ gwlr {à¶m goR>, amO^mfm A{YH$mar.

{X.23.12.20 H$mo ~¢H$ ZamH$mg,~‹S>m¡Xm Ho$ dm{f©H$ nwañH$ma {dVaU g‘mamoh ‘| S> moB© amoS> emIm H$mo AÝVa ~¢H$ amO^mfm erëS> à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| emImAm| H$s loUr ‘| {deof àmoËgmhZ nwañH$ma Ed§ ݶy drAmB©nr amoS> emIm H$mo {ÛVr¶ nwañH$ma go ~¢H$ ZamH$mg,~‹S>m¡Xm Ho$ Aܶj lr Ho$ Ama H$Zm¡{O¶m, (‘w»¶ ‘hmà~§YH$, n[aMmbZ, ~¢H$ Am°’$ ~‹S>m¡Xm) Ho$ H$a-H$‘bm| go gå‘m{ZV {H$¶m J¶m. erëS> VWm à‘mUnÌ J«hU H$aVo lr {‘{Wboe qgh amUm, Cn emIm à‘wI, S> moB© amoS> emIm Ed§ gwlr ñZohm Hw$‘mar, emIm à‘wI, ݶy drAmB©nr amoS> emIm.

ZamH$mg AmU§X Ûmam {dÎmr¶ df© 2019-20 hoVw dm{f©H$ erëS> ¶moOZm Ho$ A§VJ©V jo. H$m. AmU§X H$mo ZamH$mg Aܶj Ed§ joÌr¶ à‘wI lr AaqdX {d‘b, ~¢H$ Am°’$ ~‹S>m¡Xm Ûmam {ÛVr¶ nwañH$ma àXmZ {H$¶m J¶m.

{X.23.12.20 H$mo ~¢H$ ZamH$mg,~‹S>m¡Xm Ho$ dm{f©H$ nwañH$ma {dVaU g‘mamoh ‘| S> moB©

{X. 29.10.2020 H$mo ZamH$mg, O~bnwa H$s N>… ‘mhr g‘rjm ~¡R>H$ ‘| ¶y{Z¶Z ~¢H$ Ho$ lr ‘Zrf ~§gb H$mo EH$ VWm gwlr ZraOm H$moð>r H$mo VrZ nwañH$ma àmá hþE.

ZamH$mg AmU§X Ho$ VËdmdYmZ ‘| jo. H$m. AmU§X Ûmam Am¶mo{OV amO^mfm gm‘mݶ kmZ à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| gwlr ‘oKm Xþ~o, ¶y{Z¶Z ~¢H$ Am°’$ B§{S>¶m H$mo {X. 03.12.20 H$mo {ÛVr¶ nwañH$ma àmá hþAm.

ZamH$mg AmU§X Ho$ VËdmdYmZ ‘| jo. H$m. AmU§X Ûmam Am¶mo{OV amO^mfm gm‘mݶ

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amO^mfm g‘mMma

16.12.20 H$mo jo‘àH$m., nwUo Ed§ ñQ>m’$ à{ejU H|$Ð, nwUo Ûmam EH$ {Xdgr¶ do~ AmYm[aV qhXr H$m¶©embm H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m. ‘w»¶ ‘mJ©Xe©H$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| lr A§~arf Hw$‘ma qgh, Cn ‘hm à~§YH$ VWm Aܶj Ho$ ê$n ‘| lr Ama. Eg. {Vdmar, ghm¶H$ ‘hm à~§YH$ CnpñWV Wo.

{X. 03.11.20 H$mo amO^mfm à^mJ, H|$Ðr¶ H$m¶m©b¶ Ûmam g^r joÌ ‘hm à~§YH$ H$m¶m©b¶m| H$s Am°ZbmBZ g‘rjm H$s JB©. g‘rjm H$aVo hþE lr Aå~arf Hw$‘ma qgh, Cn‘hmà~§YH$ (am^mH$mà), lr Zdb {H$emoa Xr{jV, ghm¶H$ ‘hmà~§YH$ (am^mH$mà) Ed§ CnpñWV g^r joÌ ‘hmà~§YH$ H$m¶m©b¶ Ho$ amO^mfm A{YH$mar.

{XZm§H$ 12.11.20 H$mo lr AdZre Hw$‘ma {g‘ëQ>r, ‘w»¶ à~§YH$ (amO^mfm), E’$OrE‘Amo, ‘§Jbyé Ûmam joH$m., ‘§Jbyé H$m amO^mfm {ZarjU {H$¶m J¶m.

{X. 09.12.20 H$mo ~¢H$ Ho$ H$m¶©nmbH$m| hoVw dMw©Ab amO^mfm g§Jmoð>r-"amO^mfm H$b AmO Am¡a H$b' H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m. g§Jmoð>r ‘| g‘ñV joÌ ‘hmà~§YH$ H$m¶m©b¶ Ho$ Cn A§Mb à‘wI Ed§ joÌr¶ H$m¶m©b¶m| Ho$ Cn joÌ à‘wImo§ Ûmam gh^m{JVm H$s J¶r. g§Jmoð>r H$s AܶjVm, lr {dZm¶H$ dr. Q>oå yU}, ‘hmà~§YH$ (kmZmO©Z Ed§ {dH$mg) Ho$ H$m Ûmam H$s JB©. ew ma§ lr Aå~arf Hw$‘ma qgh, Cn ‘hmà~§YH$ (amO^mfm) Ed§ lr Zdb {H$emoa Xr{jV, ghm¶H$ ‘hmà~§YH$ (amO^mfm) Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m. A{V{W g§H$m¶ Ho$ ê$n ‘| lr am‘ {dMma ¶mXd, Cn‘hmà~§YH$ amO^mfm, EMnrgrEb, lr AéU lrdmñVd Cn ‘hmà~§YH$ (amO^mfm) (godm {Zd¥Îm), S>m° O¶§Vr àgmX Zm¡{Q>¶mb, Cn ‘hmà~§YH$ amO^mfm (godm {Zd¥V) CnpñWV aho.

{X. 11.11.20 H$mo jo.H$m. CSw>nr H$s N>‘mhr J¥h n{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z ObO' H$m {d‘moMZ H$aVo hþE joÌ à‘wI, S>m° EM Q>r dmgßnm, Cn joÌ à‘wI, Ho$. Eg. gmZ^moJ, ‘w»¶ à~ÝYH$ Ed§ amO^mfm A{YH$mar.

joÌ ‘hmà~§YH$, lr A‘aoÝÐ Hw$‘ma Ho$ XþJm©nwa jo.H$m., Ho$ Xmo {Xdgr¶ Xm¡ao Ho$ Xm¡amZ {X. 08.12.20 H$mo joÌ H$s {gV§~a 20 N>‘mhr H$s J¥hn{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z {eënm§Mb' H$m {d‘moMZ {H$¶m J¶m.

{X. 23.12.2020 H$mo ~¢H$ ZamH$mg, ~‹S>m¡Xm Ho$ dm{f©H$ nwañH$ma {dVaU g‘mamoh ‘| jo.H$m. ~‹S>m¡Xm H$s N>…‘mhr J¥hn{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z bha' Ho$ {gV§~a 2020 A§H$ H$m {d‘moMZ {H$¶m J¶m. ’$moQ>mo ‘| (~mE± go XmE±) gwlr amYm {‘l, (amO^mfm à^mar ~‹S>m¡Xm), lr Ho$ Ama H$Zm¡{O¶m (Aܶj d ‘w»¶ ‘hmà~§YH$, ~¢H$ Am°’$ ~‹S>m¡Xm), lr g˶OrV ‘hm§Vr, (joÌ à‘wI, ~‹S>m¡Xm) lr amOoe Hw$‘ma ~¡gpI¶ma, (Cn ‘hmà~§YH$, maVr¶ ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$), lr AmaEZ nQ>ob (‘hmà~§YH$, ~¢H$ Am°’$ ~‹S>m¡Xm) Ed§ lr EHo$ Imogbm, (Cnmܶj, ZamH$mg, ~‹S>m¡Xm).

{X. 29.10.20 H$mo ZamH$mg, O~bnwa H$s N>… ‘mhr g‘rjm ~¡R>H$ ‘| jo. H$m., O~bnwa H$s N>… ‘mhr J¥h n{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z AmñWm' {gV§~a A§H$ H$m {d‘moMZ {H$¶m J¶m.

{X.29.12.20 H$mo ZamH$mg, A§H$boœa H$s N>…‘mhr ~¡R>H$ H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m. ~¡R>H$ H$s AܶjVm lr àkoe amdb, H$m¶©H$mar {ZXoeH$-n[ag§n{Îm à~ÝYH$, AmoEZOrgr, A§H$boœa Zo H$s. Bg ~¡R>H$ ‘| J¥h ‘§Ìmb¶, ^maV gaH$ma H$s Amoa go S>m° gwpî‘Vm ^Å>mMm¶© Zo ^mJ {b¶m. ~¡R>H$ ‘| ¶y{Z¶Z ~¢H$ H$s Amoa go A§H$boœa emIm à‘wI, lr g§Xrn {dO¶ H$í¶n Zo ^mJ {b¶m.

{X. 05.11.20 H$mo jo‘àH$m ‘§Jbya Ûmam Am¶mo{OV B©- amO^mfm {ZarjU ‘| ^mJ boVo hþE lr S>r. ‘hoœaæ¶m, joÌr¶ à‘wI, B©- amO^mfm {ZarjU ‘| gh¶moJ XoVo hþE lr amOoe Ho$, d[að> à~§YH$ (amO^mfm)

50 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ 51A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

{X. 27.11.20 H$mo qhXr {XZ ‘ZmVo hþE {Vé{ƒamßn„r joÌ ‘| lr dr ‘wabr, joÌ à‘wI Ûmam ¶y ‘mo~mBb na V{‘b d qhXr ‘| B©-n¡ånboQ> Omar {H$¶m J¶m.

lr E aqdXa, Cn ‘hmà~§YH$ Ed§ joÌr¶ à‘wI Zo jo.H$m., ~|Jbwé (CÎma) H$s qhXr J¥h n{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z J§Jm H$mdoar' Ho$ nhbo A§H$ H$m {X. 26.11.20 H$mo {d‘moMZ {H$¶m. Bg Adga na CnpñWV Cn joÌr¶ à‘wI, lr Ho$ {XZH$a VWm joÌr¶ H$m¶m©b¶ Ho$ H$m¶©nmbH$ JU Ed§ ñQ>m’$ gXñ¶.

{X. 04-12-20 go jo.H$m., ‘Xþa¡ ‘| Za|Ð Hw$‘ma, amO^mfm A{YH$mar Ûmam gámh ‘| VrZ {XZ {deof {hÝXr H$jmAm| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m Om ahm h¡.

{X. 10.12.20 H$mo H$moÎmnoQ> emIm, jo. H$m., h¡Xam~mX-g¡’$m~mX ‘| à{ejU H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m.

jo‘àH$m, nwUo Ûmam {X. 24.11.20 H$mo qhXr {Xdg g‘mamoh ‘| nwUo Ho$ g§X © gm{h˶ "Om{ZE å¶yÀ¶yAb ’§$S> Ho$ ~mao ‘|' H$m {d‘moMZ H$aVo hþE lr jo.‘.à. à‘moX Hw$‘ma Jwám, lr Ama. Eg. {Vdmar, ghm¶H$ ‘hm à~§YH$, lr Amo.nr.~bmoXr, Cn ‘hm à~§YH$, jo.H$m. nwUo (nyd©)

{X. 29.10.20 H$mo ZE J{R>V jo.H$m., Ah‘XZJa ‘| qhXr {Xdg à{V¶mo{JVmAm| Ho$ {dOoVmAm| H$mo nwañH$ma àXmZ {H$E JE, ñQ>m’$ gXñ¶m| H$mo g§~mo{YV H$aVo hþEa joÌr¶ à‘wI Ed§ Cn ‘hm à~§YH$ lr gwZrb Hw$‘ma OXbr.

{X. 29.09.20 H$mo jo.H$m. CSw>nr Ed§ ¶yEbnr Ho$ ñQ>m’$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ {bE S>oñH$ à{ejU H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m. {Og‘| g^r ñQ>m’$ gXñ¶m| Ed§ joÌ à‘wI,S>m° EM Q>r dmgßnm Ûmam ^r gh^m{JVm Xr J¶r.

{X. 26.11.20 H$mo joH$m., ‘§Jbyé H$s AYrZ AmZodmbr emImAm| ‘| H$m¶©aV Cn emIm à~§YH$m| Ho$ {bE EH$ {Xdgr¶ Am°ZbmBZ amO^mfm g§nH©$ A{YH$mar H$m¶©embm H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m. lr OJÞmW eoÅ>r, joÌ à‘wI Zo H$m¶©embm H$m CX²KmQ>Z {H$¶m J¶m. lr {Za§OZ Hw$‘ma Pm, ‘w»¶ à§~YH$, H|$Ðr¶ H$m¶m©b¶, EZoŠg, ‘§Jbyé A{V{W g§H$m¶ Wo.

{X. 15.12.20 H$mo joH$m., ‘§Jbyé Ho$ amO^mfm à^mar Ûmam ‘§Jbya-H$mo{S>¶mb~¡b emIm Ho$ ñQ>m’$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ {bE amO^mfm S>oñH$ à{ejU {X¶m J¶m.

{X. 15-12-20 H$mo jo.H$m.,‘Xþa¡ H$s H$moMS>¡ emIm ‘| EH$ {Xdgr¶ S>oñH$ à{ejU H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m. emIm Ho$ ñQ>m’$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ gmW amO^mfm A{YH$mar, lr Za|Ð Hw$‘ma.

jo.H$m. H$mo{fµ $moS> Ed§ ZamH$mg H$mo{fµ $moS> Ho$ g§¶wº$ VËdmdYmZ ‘| Am¶mo{OV {hÝXr erf©H$ boIZ à{V¶mo{JVm - 18.11.20.

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50 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

amO^mfm g‘mMma

16.12.20 H$mo jo‘àH$m., nwUo Ed§ ñQ>m’$ à{ejU H|$Ð, nwUo Ûmam EH$ {Xdgr¶ do~ AmYm[aV qhXr H$m¶©embm H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m. ‘w»¶ ‘mJ©Xe©H$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| lr A§~arf Hw$‘ma qgh, Cn ‘hm à~§YH$ VWm Aܶj Ho$ ê$n ‘| lr Ama. Eg. {Vdmar, ghm¶H$ ‘hm à~§YH$ CnpñWV Wo.

{X. 03.11.20 H$mo amO^mfm à^mJ, H|$Ðr¶ H$m¶m©b¶ Ûmam g^r joÌ ‘hm à~§YH$ H$m¶m©b¶m| H$s Am°ZbmBZ g‘rjm H$s JB©. g‘rjm H$aVo hþE lr Aå~arf Hw$‘ma qgh, Cn‘hmà~§YH$ (am^mH$mà), lr Zdb {H$emoa Xr{jV, ghm¶H$ ‘hmà~§YH$ (am^mH$mà) Ed§ CnpñWV g^r joÌ ‘hmà~§YH$ H$m¶m©b¶ Ho$ amO^mfm A{YH$mar.

{XZm§H$ 12.11.20 H$mo lr AdZre Hw$‘ma {g‘ëQ>r, ‘w»¶ à~§YH$ (amO^mfm), E’$OrE‘Amo, ‘§Jbyé Ûmam joH$m., ‘§Jbyé H$m amO^mfm {ZarjU {H$¶m J¶m.

{X. 09.12.20 H$mo ~¢H$ Ho$ H$m¶©nmbH$m| hoVw dMw©Ab amO^mfm g§Jmoð>r-"amO^mfm H$b AmO Am¡a H$b' H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m. g§Jmoð>r ‘| g‘ñV joÌ ‘hmà~§YH$ H$m¶m©b¶ Ho$ Cn A§Mb à‘wI Ed§ joÌr¶ H$m¶m©b¶m| Ho$ Cn joÌ à‘wImo§ Ûmam gh^m{JVm H$s J¶r. g§Jmoð>r H$s AܶjVm, lr {dZm¶H$ dr. Q>oå yU}, ‘hmà~§YH$ (kmZmO©Z Ed§ {dH$mg) Ho$ H$m Ûmam H$s JB©. ew ma§ lr Aå~arf Hw$‘ma qgh, Cn ‘hmà~§YH$ (amO^mfm) Ed§ lr Zdb {H$emoa Xr{jV, ghm¶H$ ‘hmà~§YH$ (amO^mfm) Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m. A{V{W g§H$m¶ Ho$ ê$n ‘| lr am‘ {dMma ¶mXd, Cn‘hmà~§YH$ amO^mfm, EMnrgrEb, lr AéU lrdmñVd Cn ‘hmà~§YH$ (amO^mfm) (godm {Zd¥Îm), S>m° O¶§Vr àgmX Zm¡{Q>¶mb, Cn ‘hmà~§YH$ amO^mfm (godm {Zd¥V) CnpñWV aho.

{X. 11.11.20 H$mo jo.H$m. CSw>nr H$s N>‘mhr J¥h n{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z ObO' H$m {d‘moMZ H$aVo hþE joÌ à‘wI, S>m° EM Q>r dmgßnm, Cn joÌ à‘wI, Ho$. Eg. gmZ^moJ, ‘w»¶ à~ÝYH$ Ed§ amO^mfm A{YH$mar.

joÌ ‘hmà~§YH$, lr A‘aoÝÐ Hw$‘ma Ho$ XþJm©nwa jo.H$m., Ho$ Xmo {Xdgr¶ Xm¡ao Ho$ Xm¡amZ {X. 08.12.20 H$mo joÌ H$s {gV§~a 20 N>‘mhr H$s J¥hn{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z {eënm§Mb' H$m {d‘moMZ {H$¶m J¶m.

{X. 23.12.2020 H$mo ~¢H$ ZamH$mg, ~‹S>m¡Xm Ho$ dm{f©H$ nwañH$ma {dVaU g‘mamoh ‘| jo.H$m. ~‹S>m¡Xm H$s N>…‘mhr J¥hn{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z bha' Ho$ {gV§~a 2020 A§H$ H$m {d‘moMZ {H$¶m J¶m. ’$moQ>mo ‘| (~mE± go XmE±) gwlr amYm {‘l, (amO^mfm à^mar ~‹S>m¡Xm), lr Ho$ Ama H$Zm¡{O¶m (Aܶj d ‘w»¶ ‘hmà~§YH$, ~¢H$ Am°’$ ~‹S>m¡Xm), lr g˶OrV ‘hm§Vr, (joÌ à‘wI, ~‹S>m¡Xm) lr amOoe Hw$‘ma ~¡gpI¶ma, (Cn ‘hmà~§YH$, maVr¶ ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$), lr AmaEZ nQ>ob (‘hmà~§YH$, ~¢H$ Am°’$ ~‹S>m¡Xm) Ed§ lr EHo$ Imogbm, (Cnmܶj, ZamH$mg, ~‹S>m¡Xm).

{X. 29.10.20 H$mo ZamH$mg, O~bnwa H$s N>… ‘mhr g‘rjm ~¡R>H$ ‘| jo. H$m., O~bnwa H$s N>… ‘mhr J¥h n{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z AmñWm' {gV§~a A§H$ H$m {d‘moMZ {H$¶m J¶m.

{X.29.12.20 H$mo ZamH$mg, A§H$boœa H$s N>…‘mhr ~¡R>H$ H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m. ~¡R>H$ H$s AܶjVm lr àkoe amdb, H$m¶©H$mar {ZXoeH$-n[ag§n{Îm à~ÝYH$, AmoEZOrgr, A§H$boœa Zo H$s. Bg ~¡R>H$ ‘| J¥h ‘§Ìmb¶, ^maV gaH$ma H$s Amoa go S>m° gwpî‘Vm ^Å>mMm¶© Zo ^mJ {b¶m. ~¡R>H$ ‘| ¶y{Z¶Z ~¢H$ H$s Amoa go A§H$boœa emIm à‘wI, lr g§Xrn {dO¶ H$í¶n Zo ^mJ {b¶m.

{X. 05.11.20 H$mo jo‘àH$m ‘§Jbya Ûmam Am¶mo{OV B©- amO^mfm {ZarjU ‘| ^mJ boVo hþE lr S>r. ‘hoœaæ¶m, joÌr¶ à‘wI, B©- amO^mfm {ZarjU ‘| gh¶moJ XoVo hþE lr amOoe Ho$, d[að> à~§YH$ (amO^mfm)

50 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ 51A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

{X. 27.11.20 H$mo qhXr {XZ ‘ZmVo hþE {Vé{ƒamßn„r joÌ ‘| lr dr ‘wabr, joÌ à‘wI Ûmam ¶y ‘mo~mBb na V{‘b d qhXr ‘| B©-n¡ånboQ> Omar {H$¶m J¶m.

lr E aqdXa, Cn ‘hmà~§YH$ Ed§ joÌr¶ à‘wI Zo jo.H$m., ~|Jbwé (CÎma) H$s qhXr J¥h n{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z J§Jm H$mdoar' Ho$ nhbo A§H$ H$m {X. 26.11.20 H$mo {d‘moMZ {H$¶m. Bg Adga na CnpñWV Cn joÌr¶ à‘wI, lr Ho$ {XZH$a VWm joÌr¶ H$m¶m©b¶ Ho$ H$m¶©nmbH$ JU Ed§ ñQ>m’$ gXñ¶.

{X. 04-12-20 go jo.H$m., ‘Xþa¡ ‘| Za|Ð Hw$‘ma, amO^mfm A{YH$mar Ûmam gámh ‘| VrZ {XZ {deof {hÝXr H$jmAm| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m Om ahm h¡.

{X. 10.12.20 H$mo H$moÎmnoQ> emIm, jo. H$m., h¡Xam~mX-g¡’$m~mX ‘| à{ejU H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m.

jo‘àH$m, nwUo Ûmam {X. 24.11.20 H$mo qhXr {Xdg g‘mamoh ‘| nwUo Ho$ g§X © gm{h˶ "Om{ZE å¶yÀ¶yAb ’§$S> Ho$ ~mao ‘|' H$m {d‘moMZ H$aVo hþE lr jo.‘.à. à‘moX Hw$‘ma Jwám, lr Ama. Eg. {Vdmar, ghm¶H$ ‘hm à~§YH$, lr Amo.nr.~bmoXr, Cn ‘hm à~§YH$, jo.H$m. nwUo (nyd©)

{X. 29.10.20 H$mo ZE J{R>V jo.H$m., Ah‘XZJa ‘| qhXr {Xdg à{V¶mo{JVmAm| Ho$ {dOoVmAm| H$mo nwañH$ma àXmZ {H$E JE, ñQ>m’$ gXñ¶m| H$mo g§~mo{YV H$aVo hþEa joÌr¶ à‘wI Ed§ Cn ‘hm à~§YH$ lr gwZrb Hw$‘ma OXbr.

{X. 29.09.20 H$mo jo.H$m. CSw>nr Ed§ ¶yEbnr Ho$ ñQ>m’$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ {bE S>oñH$ à{ejU H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m. {Og‘| g^r ñQ>m’$ gXñ¶m| Ed§ joÌ à‘wI,S>m° EM Q>r dmgßnm Ûmam ^r gh^m{JVm Xr J¶r.

{X. 26.11.20 H$mo joH$m., ‘§Jbyé H$s AYrZ AmZodmbr emImAm| ‘| H$m¶©aV Cn emIm à~§YH$m| Ho$ {bE EH$ {Xdgr¶ Am°ZbmBZ amO^mfm g§nH©$ A{YH$mar H$m¶©embm H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m. lr OJÞmW eoÅ>r, joÌ à‘wI Zo H$m¶©embm H$m CX²KmQ>Z {H$¶m J¶m. lr {Za§OZ Hw$‘ma Pm, ‘w»¶ à§~YH$, H|$Ðr¶ H$m¶m©b¶, EZoŠg, ‘§Jbyé A{V{W g§H$m¶ Wo.

{X. 15.12.20 H$mo joH$m., ‘§Jbyé Ho$ amO^mfm à^mar Ûmam ‘§Jbya-H$mo{S>¶mb~¡b emIm Ho$ ñQ>m’$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ {bE amO^mfm S>oñH$ à{ejU {X¶m J¶m.

{X. 15-12-20 H$mo jo.H$m.,‘Xþa¡ H$s H$moMS>¡ emIm ‘| EH$ {Xdgr¶ S>oñH$ à{ejU H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m. emIm Ho$ ñQ>m’$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ gmW amO^mfm A{YH$mar, lr Za|Ð Hw$‘ma.

jo.H$m. H$mo{fµ $moS> Ed§ ZamH$mg H$mo{fµ $moS> Ho$ g§¶wº$ VËdmdYmZ ‘| Am¶mo{OV {hÝXr erf©H$ boIZ à{V¶mo{JVm - 18.11.20.

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52 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘m± Zht Am¶oJr....

52 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

n§H$O AnZr ‘m± go CVZm hr ߶ma H$aVm Wm, {OVZm h‘ g^r bmoJ AnZr ‘m± go H$aVo h¢.

AZwamYm EH$ {dYdm Am¡aV Wr {OgZo AnZo ~oQ>o n§H$O H$m bmbZ nmbZ ~hþV ‘wpíH$b go {H$¶m Wm. O~ ^r dmo AnZo ~oQ>o H$s g’$bVm H$s H$moB© ^r N>moQ>r ¶m ~‹S>r H$hmZr gwZVr Wr Cgo ~hþV Iwer {‘bVr Wr. CgH$m {ga Jd© go D$§Mm hmo OmVm Wm. dmo ’y$bo Zht g‘mVr Wr. AZwamYm Ho$ {b¶o CgH$m ~oQ>m hr CgH$m g§gma Wm. CgZo AnZo ~oQ>o H$mo gmao g§ñH$mam| go gwgp‚mV {H$¶m Wm Vm{H$ dh OrdZ ‘| H$m’$s D$§MmB¶m| H$mo Ny> gHo$.

g‘¶ Ho$ gmW n§H$O H$mo EH$ AÀN>r nJma dmbr ~‹S>r Zm¡H$ar {‘br Am¡a AZwamYm H$mo ^r bJm {H$ CgHo$ Xþ:I ^ao {XZm| H$m A§V hmoZo dmbm h¡. AZwamYm Zo ^r AnZo H$m‘ go AdH$me bo {b¶m.A~ dh AnZo ~oQ>o H$s godm go {‘bZo dmbo gwI H$m AmZ§X CR>mZo bJr Wr. CgH$s {XZM¶m© ~hþV ì¶ñV Wr. CgH$s gmar {XZM¶m© ~oQ>o Ho$ Amg nmg Ky‘Vr ahVr Wr. n§H$O Ho$ CR>Zo go boH$a amV H$mo gmoZo VH$ dmo CgH$s Vr‘maXmar ‘| hr bJr ahVr Wr.CgH$s ha ng§X Z ng§X H$m ܶmZ aIVr Wr.

n§H$O H$mo ^r ~hþV AÀN>r Zm¡H$ar {‘b JB© Wr...nJma ^r ~hþV Á¶mXm Wr. A~ CgHo$ nmg gw{dYm H$s gmar dñVwE§ ‘m¡OyX Wt. ~mOma ‘| CnbãY g^r A˶mYw{ZH$ VH$ZrH$s CnH$aU Wo. CgHo$ {XZ H$s ewéAmV hr bmoJm| H$mo ‘mo~mBb ‘¡goO, JmZo gwZZo, Q>rdr XoIZo, ZoQ> MbmZo Am¡a Am°{’$g OmZo H$s ^mJ-Xm¡‹S> Ho$ gmW hmoVr Wr Am¡a BÝht g~ H$m‘m| O¡go Q>rdr XoIZm, ZoQ> MbmZm, ‘mo~mBb Am{X Ho$ gmW hr g‘má hmoVr Wr

na MrO| h‘oem EH$ O¡gr Zht ahVt. EH$ {XZ AZwamYm H$mo Omoa go grZo ‘| XX© CR>m, CgZo gmoMm H$s ‘m‘ybr XX© h¡ Am¡a gm‘mݶ XdmB©¶m§

bo bt. AZwamYm nyao {XZ gmoVr ahr Am¡a CgH$s {hå‘V hr Zht hþB© agmoB© ‘| Om H$a Hw$N> ~ZmZo H$s. O~ em‘ H$mo n§H$O Am°{’$g go Ka dm{ng Am¶m Vmo AZwamYm Zo H$hm, "~oQ>o ‘m’$ H$aZm AmO ‘¢Zo amV Ho$ ImZo ‘| Hw$N> Zht ~Zm¶m. ‘¢ Vwåhmao {b¶o A^r Hw$N> namR>o ~Zm XoVr hy§.

n§H$O h‘oem H$s Vah hr AnZo ‘mo~mBb ‘| ì¶ñV Wm Am¡a AZ‘Zo VarHo$ go ~mobm "R>rH$ h¡, Omo ^r ~ZmAmo ‘¢ Im by§Jm'. ‘mo~mBb ‘| ì¶ñV ahVo hþE hr CgZo namR>o Im¶o. AZwamYm Zo CgHo$ ImZm IË‘ hmoZo VH$ B§VOma {H$¶m Vm{H$ dh Cgo AnZo grZo Ho$ XX© Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~Vm gHo$.

ImZm ImZo Ho$ ~mX n§H$O H$å߶yQ>a na Om H$a ~¡R> J¶m. AZwamYm ^r CgHo$ nmg AnZr H$hmZr gwZmZo ~¡R> JB© {H$ H¡$go nyao {XZ CgZo grZo Ho$ XX© go naoemZ ahr. n§H$O ¶h Xem©Vm ahm {H$ dh CgH$s ~mV gwZ ahm h¡ Am¡a AnZm {ga ^r {hbmVm Om ahm Wm Am¡a CgZo h±gVo hþE ‘m± go H$hm {H$ "OmAmo Am¡a Om H$a gmo OmAmo.' AZwamYm H$mo ~‹S>m gwHy$Z {‘bm ¶h OmZH$a {H$ CgH$m ~oQ>m CgHo$ XX© H$mo g‘P J¶m h¡ Am¡a dh CgH$m ܶmZ aIoJm. ¶hr gmoM H$a Hw$N> amhV Ho$ gmW dh gmo JB©.

AJbo {XZ AZwamYm Zo {H$gr Vah {hå‘V H$aHo$ ZmíVm ~Zm¶m Am¡a CgH$m Xmonha H$m ^moOZ n¡H$ {H$¶m Am¡a CgH$mo Am°{’$g ^oOm.

~m¶-~m¶ H$hH$a n§H$O AnZo H$m‘ Ho$ {b¶o H$mZm| ‘| ñnrH$a ’$moZ bJmH$a JmZo gwZVo hþE Am°{’$g H$mo Mbm J¶m.

Xmonha VH$ O~ AZwamYm H$mo bJm {H$ A~ grZo H$m XX© AghZr¶ hmo ahm h¡ Vmo CgZo AnZo ~oQ>o go ‘mo~mBb na ~mV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o CgHo$ ‘mo~mBb na H$m°b H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s na CgZo ’$moZ H$mQ> {X¶m Am¡a ‘¡goO {X¶m {H$ A^r ì¶ñV hy§ ~mX ‘| H$m°b H$é§Jm. {H$gr

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53A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

Vah AZwamYm Zo EH$ Am°Q>mo {H$¶m Am¡a nmg Ho$ AñnVmb ‘| nhþ§Mr. O¡go hr S>m°³Q>a Zo AZwamYm H$m narjU {H$¶m Vwa§V hr CÝhm§oZo CgH$mo ñQ´>oMa na {bQ>m H$a AmB©gr¶y ‘| Vu H$a {X¶m. Am°ÝQ>r Amn AHo$br AmB© h¢ Š¶m? "h‘ {H$ggo gånH©$ H$a|' Zg© Zo nyN>m.

AZwamYm H$s ~¡MoZr ~‹T>>Vr Om ahr Wr. CZH$mo bJm O¡go CZHo$ gmW Hw$N> JbV hmo ahm h¡. Hw$N> Vmo ~mV h¡.. Oê$a H$moB© ~‹S>r ~mV h¡....~‹S>r ‘wpíH$b Ho$ gmW CgZo AnZo ~¡J go ‘mo~mBb {ZH$mbm Am¡a n§H$O H$m Z§~a Zg© H$mo {XIm¶m. AZwamYm H$s Am§Imo ‘| Am§gy ^a Am¶o. Am§Im| ‘| Am§gy ^aVo hþE CgZo àmW©Zm H$s "ho ^JdmZ ‘oar g‘P ‘| Zht Am ahm {H$ ‘oao gmW Š¶m JbV hmo ahm h¡. ‘wPo ~hþV S>a bJ ahm h¡. H$ht Omo ‘¢ gmoM ahr hy± {H$ gM Z hmo Om¶o... ho à^w ‘oam n§H$O A^r r EH$ ~ƒm hr h¡ nVm Zht dmo H¡$go ah nm¶oJm ‘oao {~Zm. dmo H¡$go g§^mboJm AnZo AmnH$mo.. ¶o H$hVo hþE AZwamYm Zo amoZm ewé H$a {X¶m.

Am§Q>r, Amn qMVm ‘V H$[a¶o.. Amn R>rH$ h¢... AmnH$mo Hw$N> Zht hþAm h¡.. ‘¢ A^r AmnHo$ ~oQ>o H$mo ’$moZ H$aHo$ ~wbmVr hy§.. Zg© Zo H$hm.

Zg© Zo n§H$O Ho$ ‘mo~mBb Z§~a na H$m°b {H$¶m na Z§~a ì¶ñV Am ahm Wm. CgZo {’$a go H$mo{ee H$s na Z§~a ì¶ñV hr Am ahm Wm. Zg© Zo {’$a go H$mo{ee H$s Am¡a Bg ~ma K§Q>r Om ahr Wr. CgZo amhV H$s gm§g br. dmo n§H$O H$mo ¶h gyMZm XoZm MmhVr Wr {H$ CgH$s ‘m± H$s hmbV ~hþV J§^ra h¡ Am¡a Hw$N> {‘{ZQ> nhbo hr CZH$mo J§^ra hmQ>©-AQ>¡H$ Am¶m h¡. na§Vw n§H$O Zo ’$moZ H$mQ> {X¶m Am¡a ‘¡goO ^oOm {H$ dmo A^r ì¶ñV h¡ Am¡a dh ~mX ‘| ’$moZ H$aoJm. Zg© Zo Vwa§V hr CgH$mo ‘¡goO ^oOm {H$ Bg ‘ogoO H$mo XoIVo hr Vwa§V AmXe© AñnVmb H$mo g§nH©$ H$a|.

n§H$O amoO H$s Vah hr amV ‘| Ka dm{ng Am¶m Am¡a XoIm {H$ Ka na Vmbm bJm hþAm h¡. CgH$mo amV Ho$ Bg g‘¶ Ka na Vmbm XoIH$a ~hþV Amü¶© hþAm. CgH$mo g‘P ‘| Zht Am ahm Wm {H$ ‘m± BVZr amV H$mo Ka na Vmbm bJm H$a H$hm§ Mbr JB©. n§H$O Zo AnZr ‘m± H$m Z§~a bJmZo H$s ~hþV H$mo{ee H$s. K§Q>r Om ahr na H$moB© CR>m Zht ahm Wm... CgH$s ~oM¡Zr ~‹T>Vr Om ahr Wr..Š¶m hþAm Omo ‘m± ’$moZ Zht CR>m ahr... B©œa H$ao g~ Hw$N> R>rH$ hmo..

dmo ~oM¡Zr go BYa go CYa Q>hb ahm Wm..CgH$s g‘P ‘| Hw$N> ^r Zht Am ahm Wm {H$ Š¶m H$a|...V^r Cgo ¶mX Am¶m {H$ Cgo Xmonha ‘| EH$ ‘¡goO Am¶m Wm.. CgZo Vwa§V hr ‘¡goO H$mo XoIm Am¡a Zg© Ûmam AñnVmb H$mo g§nH©$ H$aZo hoVw ^oOo J¶o ‘¡goO H$mo n‹T>m.

ho ^JdmZ! ‘¢Zo BgH$mo nhbo Š¶m| Zht XoIm...AñnVmb ‘| Š¶y±....¶o g~ Š¶m h¡..ho ^JdmZ...Am§gwAm| Ho$ ~hmd Ho$ gmW dmo OëXr go AñnVmb nhþMm±. dh [agoßeZ na nhþ±Mm Am¡a nyN>m.. ""AZwamYm...‘oar ‘m±...‘wPo ‘¡goO {‘bm Wm...''

nmg hr I‹S>o EH$ ~‹S>o S>m°ŠQ>a Zo ‘m‘bo H$mo g‘Pm... n§H$O H$mo A§Xa bo Om¶m J¶m.. CgH$mo ~Vm¶m J¶m {H$ CgH$s ‘m± A~ Bg Xþ{Z¶m ‘| Zht aht.. AmO em‘ H$mo hr CZH$m {ZYZ hmo J¶m h¡.. Vwåhmar ‘m± Zo g^r go Vwåh| H$m°b H$aZo H$m AZwamoY {H$¶m Wm... Eogm H$hVo hþE S>m°ŠQ>a Zo CgH$s ‘m± H$m ~¡J CgHo$ hmWm| ‘| W‘m {X¶m.

"‘m±...‘m±...' n§H$O ’y$Q> ’y$Q> H$a amoZo bJm... dh MrI H$a Cggo qOXm dm{ng AmZo Ho$ {bE H$h ahm Wm..CgZo ‘hgyg {H$¶m {H$ ‘aZo go nhbo CgH$s ‘m± Zo CgH$mo ~hþV ¶mX {H$¶m...

Zg© Zo Cgo EH$ nÌ bmH$a {X¶m ""Vwåhmar ‘m± Zo Bgo AnZo A§{V‘ g‘¶ ‘| {bIm Wm... dmo ~ma -~ma Vwåh| hr ¶mX H$a ahr Wr... dh Vwåh| XoIZo Ho$ {bE ~hþV CËgwH$ Wr.. ~‹S>o A’$gmog H$s ~mV h¡...''

CgZo nÌ n‹T>m "‘oao {චn§H$O! ‘m± Vw‘go ~hþV ߶ma H$aVr h¡, A~ ‘¢ Vwåho§ N>moµS>H$a Om ahr hy±... AnZo ~oQ>o H$mo Bg Xþ{Z¶m ‘| AHo$bm N>mo‹S>H$a OmZo ‘| ‘wPo ~hþV VH$br’$ hmo ahr h¡...A~ Vwåh§o AnZm ܶmZ IwX aIZm hmoJm ‘oao ~oQ>o...~oQ>m AnZm AÀN>o go ܶmZ aIZm. Vw‘ ‘wPo ~hþV ¶mX AmAmoJo...‘oao ߶mao ~oQ>o.....'

n§H$O ’y$Q>-µ’y$Q> H$a amo n‹S>m "‘m±, ‘wPo N>moµS>H$a ‘V OmAmo. ‘m±... ‘m± dm{ng Am OmAmo... ‘¢ H¡$go ahy§Jm Vwåhmao {~Zm ‘m±....ßbrO ‘m± dm{ng Am OmAmo......'

¶{X n§H$O Zo AnZr ‘m± H$s ~mV EH$ {XZ nhbo gwZ br hmoVr Vmo dmo CgH$mo AñnVmb bo OmVm Am¡a CgH$mo ~Mm gH$Vm Wm... Am¡a Zht ^r ~Mm nmVm Vmo ^r H$‘ go H$‘ Bg ~mV H$m g§Vmof Vmo hmoVm {H$ CgZo AnZr ‘m± H$mo ~MmZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m....

n§H$O Zo AnZm ‘mo~mBb... b¡nQ>m°n.. å¶y{OH$ ßbo¶a g~ ’|$H$ {X¶m...na Š¶m Bggo Cgo CgH$s ‘m± {‘b Om¶oJr......

A^r ^r g‘¶ h¡... BZ {ZOud MrOm| go Á¶mXm AnZo n[adma... ‘m±-{nVm.. [aíVm| H$mo ‘hËd X|....

A{‘V e‘m©jo.‘.à.H$m., h¡Xam~mX

53A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

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52 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

‘m± Zht Am¶oJr....

52 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

n§H$O AnZr ‘m± go CVZm hr ߶ma H$aVm Wm, {OVZm h‘ g^r bmoJ AnZr ‘m± go H$aVo h¢.

AZwamYm EH$ {dYdm Am¡aV Wr {OgZo AnZo ~oQ>o n§H$O H$m bmbZ nmbZ ~hþV ‘wpíH$b go {H$¶m Wm. O~ ^r dmo AnZo ~oQ>o H$s g’$bVm H$s H$moB© ^r N>moQ>r ¶m ~‹S>r H$hmZr gwZVr Wr Cgo ~hþV Iwer {‘bVr Wr. CgH$m {ga Jd© go D$§Mm hmo OmVm Wm. dmo ’y$bo Zht g‘mVr Wr. AZwamYm Ho$ {b¶o CgH$m ~oQ>m hr CgH$m g§gma Wm. CgZo AnZo ~oQ>o H$mo gmao g§ñH$mam| go gwgp‚mV {H$¶m Wm Vm{H$ dh OrdZ ‘| H$m’$s D$§MmB¶m| H$mo Ny> gHo$.

g‘¶ Ho$ gmW n§H$O H$mo EH$ AÀN>r nJma dmbr ~‹S>r Zm¡H$ar {‘br Am¡a AZwamYm H$mo ^r bJm {H$ CgHo$ Xþ:I ^ao {XZm| H$m A§V hmoZo dmbm h¡. AZwamYm Zo ^r AnZo H$m‘ go AdH$me bo {b¶m.A~ dh AnZo ~oQ>o H$s godm go {‘bZo dmbo gwI H$m AmZ§X CR>mZo bJr Wr. CgH$s {XZM¶m© ~hþV ì¶ñV Wr. CgH$s gmar {XZM¶m© ~oQ>o Ho$ Amg nmg Ky‘Vr ahVr Wr. n§H$O Ho$ CR>Zo go boH$a amV H$mo gmoZo VH$ dmo CgH$s Vr‘maXmar ‘| hr bJr ahVr Wr.CgH$s ha ng§X Z ng§X H$m ܶmZ aIVr Wr.

n§H$O H$mo ^r ~hþV AÀN>r Zm¡H$ar {‘b JB© Wr...nJma ^r ~hþV Á¶mXm Wr. A~ CgHo$ nmg gw{dYm H$s gmar dñVwE§ ‘m¡OyX Wt. ~mOma ‘| CnbãY g^r A˶mYw{ZH$ VH$ZrH$s CnH$aU Wo. CgHo$ {XZ H$s ewéAmV hr bmoJm| H$mo ‘mo~mBb ‘¡goO, JmZo gwZZo, Q>rdr XoIZo, ZoQ> MbmZo Am¡a Am°{’$g OmZo H$s ^mJ-Xm¡‹S> Ho$ gmW hmoVr Wr Am¡a BÝht g~ H$m‘m| O¡go Q>rdr XoIZm, ZoQ> MbmZm, ‘mo~mBb Am{X Ho$ gmW hr g‘má hmoVr Wr

na MrO| h‘oem EH$ O¡gr Zht ahVt. EH$ {XZ AZwamYm H$mo Omoa go grZo ‘| XX© CR>m, CgZo gmoMm H$s ‘m‘ybr XX© h¡ Am¡a gm‘mݶ XdmB©¶m§

bo bt. AZwamYm nyao {XZ gmoVr ahr Am¡a CgH$s {hå‘V hr Zht hþB© agmoB© ‘| Om H$a Hw$N> ~ZmZo H$s. O~ em‘ H$mo n§H$O Am°{’$g go Ka dm{ng Am¶m Vmo AZwamYm Zo H$hm, "~oQ>o ‘m’$ H$aZm AmO ‘¢Zo amV Ho$ ImZo ‘| Hw$N> Zht ~Zm¶m. ‘¢ Vwåhmao {b¶o A^r Hw$N> namR>o ~Zm XoVr hy§.

n§H$O h‘oem H$s Vah hr AnZo ‘mo~mBb ‘| ì¶ñV Wm Am¡a AZ‘Zo VarHo$ go ~mobm "R>rH$ h¡, Omo ^r ~ZmAmo ‘¢ Im by§Jm'. ‘mo~mBb ‘| ì¶ñV ahVo hþE hr CgZo namR>o Im¶o. AZwamYm Zo CgHo$ ImZm IË‘ hmoZo VH$ B§VOma {H$¶m Vm{H$ dh Cgo AnZo grZo Ho$ XX© Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~Vm gHo$.

ImZm ImZo Ho$ ~mX n§H$O H$å߶yQ>a na Om H$a ~¡R> J¶m. AZwamYm ^r CgHo$ nmg AnZr H$hmZr gwZmZo ~¡R> JB© {H$ H¡$go nyao {XZ CgZo grZo Ho$ XX© go naoemZ ahr. n§H$O ¶h Xem©Vm ahm {H$ dh CgH$s ~mV gwZ ahm h¡ Am¡a AnZm {ga ^r {hbmVm Om ahm Wm Am¡a CgZo h±gVo hþE ‘m± go H$hm {H$ "OmAmo Am¡a Om H$a gmo OmAmo.' AZwamYm H$mo ~‹S>m gwHy$Z {‘bm ¶h OmZH$a {H$ CgH$m ~oQ>m CgHo$ XX© H$mo g‘P J¶m h¡ Am¡a dh CgH$m ܶmZ aIoJm. ¶hr gmoM H$a Hw$N> amhV Ho$ gmW dh gmo JB©.

AJbo {XZ AZwamYm Zo {H$gr Vah {hå‘V H$aHo$ ZmíVm ~Zm¶m Am¡a CgH$m Xmonha H$m ^moOZ n¡H$ {H$¶m Am¡a CgH$mo Am°{’$g ^oOm.

~m¶-~m¶ H$hH$a n§H$O AnZo H$m‘ Ho$ {b¶o H$mZm| ‘| ñnrH$a ’$moZ bJmH$a JmZo gwZVo hþE Am°{’$g H$mo Mbm J¶m.

Xmonha VH$ O~ AZwamYm H$mo bJm {H$ A~ grZo H$m XX© AghZr¶ hmo ahm h¡ Vmo CgZo AnZo ~oQ>o go ‘mo~mBb na ~mV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o CgHo$ ‘mo~mBb na H$m°b H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s na CgZo ’$moZ H$mQ> {X¶m Am¡a ‘¡goO {X¶m {H$ A^r ì¶ñV hy§ ~mX ‘| H$m°b H$é§Jm. {H$gr

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53A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

Vah AZwamYm Zo EH$ Am°Q>mo {H$¶m Am¡a nmg Ho$ AñnVmb ‘| nhþ§Mr. O¡go hr S>m°³Q>a Zo AZwamYm H$m narjU {H$¶m Vwa§V hr CÝhm§oZo CgH$mo ñQ´>oMa na {bQ>m H$a AmB©gr¶y ‘| Vu H$a {X¶m. Am°ÝQ>r Amn AHo$br AmB© h¢ Š¶m? "h‘ {H$ggo gånH©$ H$a|' Zg© Zo nyN>m.

AZwamYm H$s ~¡MoZr ~‹T>>Vr Om ahr Wr. CZH$mo bJm O¡go CZHo$ gmW Hw$N> JbV hmo ahm h¡. Hw$N> Vmo ~mV h¡.. Oê$a H$moB© ~‹S>r ~mV h¡....~‹S>r ‘wpíH$b Ho$ gmW CgZo AnZo ~¡J go ‘mo~mBb {ZH$mbm Am¡a n§H$O H$m Z§~a Zg© H$mo {XIm¶m. AZwamYm H$s Am§Imo ‘| Am§gy ^a Am¶o. Am§Im| ‘| Am§gy ^aVo hþE CgZo àmW©Zm H$s "ho ^JdmZ ‘oar g‘P ‘| Zht Am ahm {H$ ‘oao gmW Š¶m JbV hmo ahm h¡. ‘wPo ~hþV S>a bJ ahm h¡. H$ht Omo ‘¢ gmoM ahr hy± {H$ gM Z hmo Om¶o... ho à^w ‘oam n§H$O A^r r EH$ ~ƒm hr h¡ nVm Zht dmo H¡$go ah nm¶oJm ‘oao {~Zm. dmo H¡$go g§^mboJm AnZo AmnH$mo.. ¶o H$hVo hþE AZwamYm Zo amoZm ewé H$a {X¶m.

Am§Q>r, Amn qMVm ‘V H$[a¶o.. Amn R>rH$ h¢... AmnH$mo Hw$N> Zht hþAm h¡.. ‘¢ A^r AmnHo$ ~oQ>o H$mo ’$moZ H$aHo$ ~wbmVr hy§.. Zg© Zo H$hm.

Zg© Zo n§H$O Ho$ ‘mo~mBb Z§~a na H$m°b {H$¶m na Z§~a ì¶ñV Am ahm Wm. CgZo {’$a go H$mo{ee H$s na Z§~a ì¶ñV hr Am ahm Wm. Zg© Zo {’$a go H$mo{ee H$s Am¡a Bg ~ma K§Q>r Om ahr Wr. CgZo amhV H$s gm§g br. dmo n§H$O H$mo ¶h gyMZm XoZm MmhVr Wr {H$ CgH$s ‘m± H$s hmbV ~hþV J§^ra h¡ Am¡a Hw$N> {‘{ZQ> nhbo hr CZH$mo J§^ra hmQ>©-AQ>¡H$ Am¶m h¡. na§Vw n§H$O Zo ’$moZ H$mQ> {X¶m Am¡a ‘¡goO ^oOm {H$ dmo A^r ì¶ñV h¡ Am¡a dh ~mX ‘| ’$moZ H$aoJm. Zg© Zo Vwa§V hr CgH$mo ‘¡goO ^oOm {H$ Bg ‘ogoO H$mo XoIVo hr Vwa§V AmXe© AñnVmb H$mo g§nH©$ H$a|.

n§H$O amoO H$s Vah hr amV ‘| Ka dm{ng Am¶m Am¡a XoIm {H$ Ka na Vmbm bJm hþAm h¡. CgH$mo amV Ho$ Bg g‘¶ Ka na Vmbm XoIH$a ~hþV Amü¶© hþAm. CgH$mo g‘P ‘| Zht Am ahm Wm {H$ ‘m± BVZr amV H$mo Ka na Vmbm bJm H$a H$hm§ Mbr JB©. n§H$O Zo AnZr ‘m± H$m Z§~a bJmZo H$s ~hþV H$mo{ee H$s. K§Q>r Om ahr na H$moB© CR>m Zht ahm Wm... CgH$s ~oM¡Zr ~‹T>Vr Om ahr Wr..Š¶m hþAm Omo ‘m± ’$moZ Zht CR>m ahr... B©œa H$ao g~ Hw$N> R>rH$ hmo..

dmo ~oM¡Zr go BYa go CYa Q>hb ahm Wm..CgH$s g‘P ‘| Hw$N> ^r Zht Am ahm Wm {H$ Š¶m H$a|...V^r Cgo ¶mX Am¶m {H$ Cgo Xmonha ‘| EH$ ‘¡goO Am¶m Wm.. CgZo Vwa§V hr ‘¡goO H$mo XoIm Am¡a Zg© Ûmam AñnVmb H$mo g§nH©$ H$aZo hoVw ^oOo J¶o ‘¡goO H$mo n‹T>m.

ho ^JdmZ! ‘¢Zo BgH$mo nhbo Š¶m| Zht XoIm...AñnVmb ‘| Š¶y±....¶o g~ Š¶m h¡..ho ^JdmZ...Am§gwAm| Ho$ ~hmd Ho$ gmW dmo OëXr go AñnVmb nhþMm±. dh [agoßeZ na nhþ±Mm Am¡a nyN>m.. ""AZwamYm...‘oar ‘m±...‘wPo ‘¡goO {‘bm Wm...''

nmg hr I‹S>o EH$ ~‹S>o S>m°ŠQ>a Zo ‘m‘bo H$mo g‘Pm... n§H$O H$mo A§Xa bo Om¶m J¶m.. CgH$mo ~Vm¶m J¶m {H$ CgH$s ‘m± A~ Bg Xþ{Z¶m ‘| Zht aht.. AmO em‘ H$mo hr CZH$m {ZYZ hmo J¶m h¡.. Vwåhmar ‘m± Zo g^r go Vwåh| H$m°b H$aZo H$m AZwamoY {H$¶m Wm... Eogm H$hVo hþE S>m°ŠQ>a Zo CgH$s ‘m± H$m ~¡J CgHo$ hmWm| ‘| W‘m {X¶m.

"‘m±...‘m±...' n§H$O ’y$Q> ’y$Q> H$a amoZo bJm... dh MrI H$a Cggo qOXm dm{ng AmZo Ho$ {bE H$h ahm Wm..CgZo ‘hgyg {H$¶m {H$ ‘aZo go nhbo CgH$s ‘m± Zo CgH$mo ~hþV ¶mX {H$¶m...

Zg© Zo Cgo EH$ nÌ bmH$a {X¶m ""Vwåhmar ‘m± Zo Bgo AnZo A§{V‘ g‘¶ ‘| {bIm Wm... dmo ~ma -~ma Vwåh| hr ¶mX H$a ahr Wr... dh Vwåh| XoIZo Ho$ {bE ~hþV CËgwH$ Wr.. ~‹S>o A’$gmog H$s ~mV h¡...''

CgZo nÌ n‹T>m "‘oao {චn§H$O! ‘m± Vw‘go ~hþV ߶ma H$aVr h¡, A~ ‘¢ Vwåho§ N>moµS>H$a Om ahr hy±... AnZo ~oQ>o H$mo Bg Xþ{Z¶m ‘| AHo$bm N>mo‹S>H$a OmZo ‘| ‘wPo ~hþV VH$br’$ hmo ahr h¡...A~ Vwåh§o AnZm ܶmZ IwX aIZm hmoJm ‘oao ~oQ>o...~oQ>m AnZm AÀN>o go ܶmZ aIZm. Vw‘ ‘wPo ~hþV ¶mX AmAmoJo...‘oao ߶mao ~oQ>o.....'

n§H$O ’y$Q>-µ’y$Q> H$a amo n‹S>m "‘m±, ‘wPo N>moµS>H$a ‘V OmAmo. ‘m±... ‘m± dm{ng Am OmAmo... ‘¢ H¡$go ahy§Jm Vwåhmao {~Zm ‘m±....ßbrO ‘m± dm{ng Am OmAmo......'

¶{X n§H$O Zo AnZr ‘m± H$s ~mV EH$ {XZ nhbo gwZ br hmoVr Vmo dmo CgH$mo AñnVmb bo OmVm Am¡a CgH$mo ~Mm gH$Vm Wm... Am¡a Zht ^r ~Mm nmVm Vmo ^r H$‘ go H$‘ Bg ~mV H$m g§Vmof Vmo hmoVm {H$ CgZo AnZr ‘m± H$mo ~MmZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m....

n§H$O Zo AnZm ‘mo~mBb... b¡nQ>m°n.. å¶y{OH$ ßbo¶a g~ ’|$H$ {X¶m...na Š¶m Bggo Cgo CgH$s ‘m± {‘b Om¶oJr......

A^r ^r g‘¶ h¡... BZ {ZOud MrOm| go Á¶mXm AnZo n[adma... ‘m±-{nVm.. [aíVm| H$mo ‘hËd X|....

A{‘V e‘m©jo.‘.à.H$m., h¡Xam~mX

53A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

H$hmZr

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54 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

Am¶wd}X ‘| Jw‹S>hb ¶m OdmHw$gw‘ Ho$ no‹S> H$mo EH$ g§nyU© Am¡f{Y Ho$ Vm¡a

na XO© {H$¶m J¶m h¡. BgH$s O‹S> go boH$a ’y$b VH$, ha EH$ MrO

{H$gr Z {H$gr ~r‘mar Ho$ {bE am‘~mU Cnm¶ h¡. BgHo$ ’y$b ‘| H$B© Vah

Ho$ nmofH$ VËd ^r nm¶o OmVo h¢ O¡go {H$ - H¡$pëe¶‘, Am¶aZ, dgm,

{dQ>m{‘Z "gr' Am¡a ’$mB~a. Jw‹S>hb Ho$ ’y$bm| H$m BñVo‘mb H$B© Vah

H$s XdmAm| ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡. ^JdmZ H$s nyOm ‘| BñVo‘mb hmoZo dmbm

¶o n{dÌ ’y$b ~mbm| Ho$ Abmdm ËdMm Am¡a S>obr éQ>rZ go Ow‹S>r AZoH$

naoem{Z¶m| d amoJm| ‘| ^r ’$m¶Xo‘§X hmoVm h¡. AmBE, OmZVo h¢ Jw‹S>hb Ho$

ñdmñ϶ Am¡a Am¡fYr¶ bm^ Ho$ ~mao ‘|...

Mohao go ‘w§hmgo d Yã~o Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE ^r BgH$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m

OmVm h¡. BgHo$ ’y$b H$s n{Îm¶m| H$mo nmZr ‘| nrgH$a Cg‘| ehX

{‘bmH$a Mohao na bJm¶m OmVm h¡.

¶{X Amn ~mbm| H$mo gw§Xa Am¡a ‘O~yV ~ZmZm MmhVo h¢ Vmo Jw‹S>hb

Ho$ VmOo ’y$bm| H$mo nrgH$a ~mbm| na bJmE§.

Bgo nmZr ‘| C~mb H$a {ga YmoZo go ~mbm| Ho$ PµS>Zo H$s g‘ñ¶m

Xÿa hmo OmVr h¡.

‘oh§Xr Am¡a Zt~y Ho$ ag ‘| 10 J«m‘ Jw‹S>hb H$s n{Îm¶m| H$mo {‘bmH$a

~mbm| H$s O‹S>m| go {gao VH$ AÀN>o go bJmE§. Bg Cnm¶ H$mo H$aZo

go ~mbm| H$s ê$gr IË‘ hmo OmVr h¡.

Jw‹S>hb H$m ’y$b eara H$s gyOZ Ho$ gmW-gmW IwObr VWm ObZ

O¡gr g‘ñ¶mAm| go ^r amhV XoVm h¡. Jw‹S>hb Ho$ ’y$b H$s VmOr

n{Îm¶m| H$mo AÀN>r Vah nrg H$a gyOZ VWm ObZ dmbr OJh na

bJmE§, Hw$N> hr {‘ZQ>m| ‘| g‘ñ¶m Xÿa hmo OmEJr.

Jw‹S>hb Ho$ Mma nwîn gw~h-em‘ 2 df© VH$ bJmVma godZ H$aZo

go gµ’o$X XmJ O‹S> go Zï> hmo OmVm h¡.

aº$mënVm (IyZ H$s H$‘r) ‘| Jw‹S>hb Ho$ gyIo ’y$bm| H$m EH$-

EH$ Må‘M MyU©, EH$ {Jbmg Jm¶ Ho$ XÿY Ho$ gmW gw~h-em‘

{Z¶{‘V godZ H$aVo ahZo go Hw$N> hr ‘mh ‘| aº$ H$s H$‘r Xÿa hmo

OmVr h¡.

Ae© (~dmgra) ‘| Jw‹S>hb H$s H${b¶m| H$mo Kr ‘| ^yZ H$a Cg‘|

{‘lr d ZmJHo$ea {‘bmH$a gw~h-em‘ godZ H$aZo go bm^ hmoVm

h¡.

JwUH$mar Jw‹S>hb

Im§gr ‘| Jw‹S>hb H$s O‹S> H$m MyU© nmZr Ho$ gmW nrgH$a H$m‹T>m ~ZmH$a gw~h-em‘ {Z¶{‘V ê$n go godZ H$aZo go bm^H$mar hmoVm h¡.

‘w§h Ho$ N>mbo ‘| Jw‹S>hb H$s O‹S> H$mo gmµ’$ H$a YmoH$a EH$-EH$ B§M Ho$ Qw>H$‹S>m| ‘| H$mQ> H$a aI boZo go amhV {‘bVr h¡.

AJa Jw‹S>hb H$mo Ja‘ nmZr Ho$ gmW ¶m {’$a C~mb H$a {’$a h~©b Q>r O¡gm {n¶m OmE Vmo ¶h hmB© ãbS> àoea H$mo H$‘ H$aoJm Am¡a ~µT>o H$moboñQ´>m°b H$mo KQ>mEJm.

Jw‹S>hb H$m e~©V {Xb Am¡a {X‘mJ H$mo e{º$ àXmZ H$aVm h¡ VWm ¶o ‘o‘moar nmda H$mo ~‹T>mVm h¡. Jw‹S>hb H$s 10 n{Îm¶m§ Am¡a 10 ’y$b b| {’$a BÝh| gwImH$a Am¡a nrgH$a CgH$m nmCS>a ~Zm b| Am¡a {H$gr E¶a Q>mBQ> {S>ã~o ‘| ~§X H$aHo$ aI|. {XZ ‘| Xmo ~ma XÿY Ho$ gmW Bg nmCS>a H$mo boZo go AmnH$s ‘o‘moar nmda ‘| H$m’$s BOm’$m hmoVm h¡.

‘oWrXmZm, Jw‹S>hb Am¡a ~oa H$s n{Îm¶m§ nrgH$a noñQ> ~Zm b|. Bgo 15 {‘ZQ> VH$ ~mbm| ‘| bJmE§. Bggo AmnHo$ ~mbm| H$s O‹S>| ‘O~yV Am¡a ñdñW hm|Jr .

E§Q>r-Am°ŠgrS|>Q>, Am¶aZ Am¡a {dQ>m{‘Z gr go ^anya Jw‹S>hb H$s n{Îm¶m§ Mohao H$s Pw[a©¶m§ Am¡a XmJ-Yã~m| H$mo IË‘ H$aZo ‘| ‘XX H$aVr h¢. BgHo$ {bE BgH$s n{Îm¶m| H$mo nmZr ‘| C~mb b| Am¡a nrgH$a ehX Ho$ gmW {‘bmE§ VWm Mohao na bJmE§.

Jw‹S>hb go ZwH$gmZ

J^©dVr ¶m ñVZnmZ H$amZo dmbr ‘{hbmAm| Ûmam Jw‹S>hb H$s Mm¶ Zht nrZr Mm{hE. Š¶mo{H$ Eogm H$aZo go CZH$m J^©nmV hmo gH$Vm h¡. J^©{ZamoYH$ Jmo{b¶m§ boZr dmbr VWm hm‘m}Zb CnMma go JwOa ahr ‘{hbmE§ Jw‹S>hb H$m godZ Zht H$a|. H$‘ aº$Mmn go nr{‹S>V bmoJ Jw‹S>hb Z b|. Jw‹S>hb ’y$b-nÎmr-H${b¶m| H$m A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| godZ H$aZo go ¶h Am±Im| ‘| ObZ CËnÞ H$aVm h¡.

gw{à¶m ZmS>H$Uu¶y{Z¶Z Ymam, H|$.H$m., ‘w§~B©

JwUH$mar Jw‹S>hbJwUH$mar Jw‹S>hb

Im§gr ‘| Jw‹S>hb H$s O‹S> H$m MyU© nmZr Ho$ gmW nrgH$a H$m‹T>m

54 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

Am¶wmZ ^d:

55A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 55A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

AmnH$s ZOa go ....

h‘ AmnH$mo Bg nÌ Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go gy{MV H$aZm MmhVo h¢ {H$ h‘| AmnHo$ ~¢H$ H$s {V‘mhr n{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' H$m "OwbmB© - {gV§~a' A§H$ àmá hþAm. n{ÌH$m H$m ñdê$n ~hþV hr AmH$f©H$ Ed§ amoMH$ h¡. n{ÌH$m ‘| {d{dY àH$ma Ho$ {df¶m| H$m g‘mdoe hmoZo go n{ÌH$m H$m ñdê$n ~ohVa ê$n go {ZIa H$a Am¶m h¡.

"H$moB© bm¡Q>m Xo ‘wPo ‘oam ~MnZ' Am¡a "{hÝXr: H$, I, J go AmJo' B˶m{X AmboI Ed§ n{ÌH$m ‘| àH$m{eV g^r H${dVm¶| EH$ go ~‹T>H$a EH$ h¡. n{ÌH$m ‘| "amO^mfm g‘mMma' H$m°b‘ ~hþV hr AmH$f©H$ h¡ Ed§ joÌ ‘| hþB© g^r amO^mfm g§~pÝYV J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m g‘mdoe H$aZo dmbm h¡. AV… n{ÌH$m H$s g‘ñV g§nmXH$s¶ Q>r‘ H$mo hm{X©H$ ~YmB© Ed§ ew^H$m‘ZmE±.

AaqdX {d‘bAܶj

ZJa amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z g{‘{V, AmU§X

¶y{Z¶Z ~¢H$ Am°’$ B§{S>¶m H$s {V‘mhr qhXr n{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' OwbmB© - {gVå~a 20 H$s àm{á hþB©. n{ÌH$m àofU Ho$ {bE YݶdmX. ¶y{Z¶Z ~¢H$ Am°’$ B§{S>¶m Ûmam Am¶mo{OV {d{^Þ J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ g‘mdoe go n{ÌH$m H$s emo^m ‘| d¥{Õ hþB© h¡. n{ÌH$m H$m H$boda VWm gmO-g‚mm AmH$f©H$ h¡. BgHo$ g’$b d CËH¥$ï> àH$meZ hoVw gånmXH$ ‘ÊS>b g{hV àH$meZ ‘| ¶moJXmZ XoZo dmbo g^r H${‘©H$m| H$mo hm{X©H$ ew^H$m‘ZmE§.

amOoe Hw$‘ma ‘rZmamO^mfm A{YH$mar

Ho$Zam ~¢H$ Ed§ gXñ¶ g{Md ZamH$mg CSw>{n

¶y{Z¶Z ~¢H$ H$s {V‘mhr {hÝXr n{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' df©-5, A§H$-3, OwbmB©-{gV§~a 20 n‹T>Zo H$m Adga {‘bm. ¶h {deofm§H$ Img Vm¡a na ~MnZ H$s ñ‘¥{V¶m| H$mo VmµOm H$aVr h¢. gm{h˶ g¥OZ, H$mì¶ g¥OZ, ~MnZ Ho$ Iob, H$moB© bm¡Q>m Xo, g§ñH$ma Am¡a ~MnZ, ~MnZ H$b go AmO VH$, ~MnZ Ho$ gnZo, amO^mfm nwañH$ma, H$hm{Z¶m| Ho$ gmW ~MnZ Am{X boIm| Ûmam n{ÌH$m Zo h‘| {’$a go AnZo ~MnZ ‘|, nb ^a Ho$ {bE hr ghr nhþ±Mm {X¶m. n{ÌH$m H$m ‘wI-{MÌ ^r H$mJµO H$s Zmd Am¡a ~MnZ Ho$ nwamZo nbm| H$m h¡. AmO H$m ~MnZ ^r Xe©Zr¶ h¡ {Og‘| ~ƒo hmWm| ‘| ‘mo~mBb Am¡a Q>o~boQ> {bE ~¡R>o h¢. ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ H$s gmO-g‚mm H$m’$s gw§Xa Am¡a bw^mZo dmbr h¡. n{ÌH$m H$s g’$bVm Ho$ {bE ~hþV-~hþV ~YmB©¶m±.

S>m°. gr‘m MÝÐZghm¶H$ AmMm¶©

Ho$ÝÐr¶ {dœ{dÚmb¶, Ho$ab

AmnHo$ Ûmam ào{fV "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' H$m A§H$-3 àmá hþAm. ~hþV-~hþV YݶdmX. ¶h n{ÌH$m ~MnZ {deofm§H$ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ~hþV hr Img h¡. Bg n{ÌH$m ‘| àH$m{eV boI, H${dVmE± ~hþV hr gOrd d öX¶ñneu ‘mby‘ n‹S>Vr h¢. n{ÌH$m H$s gmO-g‚mm ~hþV hr gw§Xa Ed§ AmH$f©H$ h¡. g§nmXH$ Ed§ g§nmXH$ ‘§S>b ~YmB© Ho$ nmÌ h¢. n{ÌH$m go g§ñWm ‘| amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z H$s J{V H$m mZ hmoVm h¡. Bg gw§Xa A§H$ H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Amn g^r H$mo hm{X©H$ ~YmB©! ‘¢ H$m‘Zm H$aVm hÿ± {H$ n{ÌH$m H$s ¶h CËH¥$ï>Vm gX¡d ~Zr aho.

g˶àH$me qghd[að> à~§YH$ (amO^mfm)

A§Mb H$m¶m©b¶, O~bnwa, ~¢H$ Am°’$ ‘hmamï´>

¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ n{ÌH$m H$mo n‹T>H$a ~hþV AÀN>m bJm. "~MnZ' na AmYm[aV ¶h A§H$ AnZo Amn ‘| ~hþV gmaJ{^©V bJm VWm n{ÌH$m H$m H$boda JwUdÎmmnyU© Ed§ AmH$f©H$ h¡. n{ÌH$m Ho$ àH$meZ ‘| ¶moJXmZ XoZo dmbo g^r gXñ¶m| H$mo hm{X©H$ ~YmB©.

ApIboe Hw$‘ma Cnmܶm¶Cn à~§YH$ - amO^mfm

^maVr¶ ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$àemg{ZH$ H$m¶m©b¶, H$mo{PH$moS>

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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54 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

Am¶wd}X ‘| Jw‹S>hb ¶m OdmHw$gw‘ Ho$ no‹S> H$mo EH$ g§nyU© Am¡f{Y Ho$ Vm¡a

na XO© {H$¶m J¶m h¡. BgH$s O‹S> go boH$a ’y$b VH$, ha EH$ MrO

{H$gr Z {H$gr ~r‘mar Ho$ {bE am‘~mU Cnm¶ h¡. BgHo$ ’y$b ‘| H$B© Vah

Ho$ nmofH$ VËd ^r nm¶o OmVo h¢ O¡go {H$ - H¡$pëe¶‘, Am¶aZ, dgm,

{dQ>m{‘Z "gr' Am¡a ’$mB~a. Jw‹S>hb Ho$ ’y$bm| H$m BñVo‘mb H$B© Vah

H$s XdmAm| ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡. ^JdmZ H$s nyOm ‘| BñVo‘mb hmoZo dmbm

¶o n{dÌ ’y$b ~mbm| Ho$ Abmdm ËdMm Am¡a S>obr éQ>rZ go Ow‹S>r AZoH$

naoem{Z¶m| d amoJm| ‘| ^r ’$m¶Xo‘§X hmoVm h¡. AmBE, OmZVo h¢ Jw‹S>hb Ho$

ñdmñ϶ Am¡a Am¡fYr¶ bm^ Ho$ ~mao ‘|...

Mohao go ‘w§hmgo d Yã~o Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE ^r BgH$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m

OmVm h¡. BgHo$ ’y$b H$s n{Îm¶m| H$mo nmZr ‘| nrgH$a Cg‘| ehX

{‘bmH$a Mohao na bJm¶m OmVm h¡.

¶{X Amn ~mbm| H$mo gw§Xa Am¡a ‘O~yV ~ZmZm MmhVo h¢ Vmo Jw‹S>hb

Ho$ VmOo ’y$bm| H$mo nrgH$a ~mbm| na bJmE§.

Bgo nmZr ‘| C~mb H$a {ga YmoZo go ~mbm| Ho$ PµS>Zo H$s g‘ñ¶m

Xÿa hmo OmVr h¡.

‘oh§Xr Am¡a Zt~y Ho$ ag ‘| 10 J«m‘ Jw‹S>hb H$s n{Îm¶m| H$mo {‘bmH$a

~mbm| H$s O‹S>m| go {gao VH$ AÀN>o go bJmE§. Bg Cnm¶ H$mo H$aZo

go ~mbm| H$s ê$gr IË‘ hmo OmVr h¡.

Jw‹S>hb H$m ’y$b eara H$s gyOZ Ho$ gmW-gmW IwObr VWm ObZ

O¡gr g‘ñ¶mAm| go ^r amhV XoVm h¡. Jw‹S>hb Ho$ ’y$b H$s VmOr

n{Îm¶m| H$mo AÀN>r Vah nrg H$a gyOZ VWm ObZ dmbr OJh na

bJmE§, Hw$N> hr {‘ZQ>m| ‘| g‘ñ¶m Xÿa hmo OmEJr.

Jw‹S>hb Ho$ Mma nwîn gw~h-em‘ 2 df© VH$ bJmVma godZ H$aZo

go gµ’o$X XmJ O‹S> go Zï> hmo OmVm h¡.

aº$mënVm (IyZ H$s H$‘r) ‘| Jw‹S>hb Ho$ gyIo ’y$bm| H$m EH$-

EH$ Må‘M MyU©, EH$ {Jbmg Jm¶ Ho$ XÿY Ho$ gmW gw~h-em‘

{Z¶{‘V godZ H$aVo ahZo go Hw$N> hr ‘mh ‘| aº$ H$s H$‘r Xÿa hmo

OmVr h¡.

Ae© (~dmgra) ‘| Jw‹S>hb H$s H${b¶m| H$mo Kr ‘| ^yZ H$a Cg‘|

{‘lr d ZmJHo$ea {‘bmH$a gw~h-em‘ godZ H$aZo go bm^ hmoVm

h¡.

JwUH$mar Jw‹S>hb

Im§gr ‘| Jw‹S>hb H$s O‹S> H$m MyU© nmZr Ho$ gmW nrgH$a H$m‹T>m ~ZmH$a gw~h-em‘ {Z¶{‘V ê$n go godZ H$aZo go bm^H$mar hmoVm h¡.

‘w§h Ho$ N>mbo ‘| Jw‹S>hb H$s O‹S> H$mo gmµ’$ H$a YmoH$a EH$-EH$ B§M Ho$ Qw>H$‹S>m| ‘| H$mQ> H$a aI boZo go amhV {‘bVr h¡.

AJa Jw‹S>hb H$mo Ja‘ nmZr Ho$ gmW ¶m {’$a C~mb H$a {’$a h~©b Q>r O¡gm {n¶m OmE Vmo ¶h hmB© ãbS> àoea H$mo H$‘ H$aoJm Am¡a ~µT>o H$moboñQ´>m°b H$mo KQ>mEJm.

Jw‹S>hb H$m e~©V {Xb Am¡a {X‘mJ H$mo e{º$ àXmZ H$aVm h¡ VWm ¶o ‘o‘moar nmda H$mo ~‹T>mVm h¡. Jw‹S>hb H$s 10 n{Îm¶m§ Am¡a 10 ’y$b b| {’$a BÝh| gwImH$a Am¡a nrgH$a CgH$m nmCS>a ~Zm b| Am¡a {H$gr E¶a Q>mBQ> {S>ã~o ‘| ~§X H$aHo$ aI|. {XZ ‘| Xmo ~ma XÿY Ho$ gmW Bg nmCS>a H$mo boZo go AmnH$s ‘o‘moar nmda ‘| H$m’$s BOm’$m hmoVm h¡.

‘oWrXmZm, Jw‹S>hb Am¡a ~oa H$s n{Îm¶m§ nrgH$a noñQ> ~Zm b|. Bgo 15 {‘ZQ> VH$ ~mbm| ‘| bJmE§. Bggo AmnHo$ ~mbm| H$s O‹S>| ‘O~yV Am¡a ñdñW hm|Jr .

E§Q>r-Am°ŠgrS|>Q>, Am¶aZ Am¡a {dQ>m{‘Z gr go ^anya Jw‹S>hb H$s n{Îm¶m§ Mohao H$s Pw[a©¶m§ Am¡a XmJ-Yã~m| H$mo IË‘ H$aZo ‘| ‘XX H$aVr h¢. BgHo$ {bE BgH$s n{Îm¶m| H$mo nmZr ‘| C~mb b| Am¡a nrgH$a ehX Ho$ gmW {‘bmE§ VWm Mohao na bJmE§.

Jw‹S>hb go ZwH$gmZ

J^©dVr ¶m ñVZnmZ H$amZo dmbr ‘{hbmAm| Ûmam Jw‹S>hb H$s Mm¶ Zht nrZr Mm{hE. Š¶mo{H$ Eogm H$aZo go CZH$m J^©nmV hmo gH$Vm h¡. J^©{ZamoYH$ Jmo{b¶m§ boZr dmbr VWm hm‘m}Zb CnMma go JwOa ahr ‘{hbmE§ Jw‹S>hb H$m godZ Zht H$a|. H$‘ aº$Mmn go nr{‹S>V bmoJ Jw‹S>hb Z b|. Jw‹S>hb ’y$b-nÎmr-H${b¶m| H$m A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| godZ H$aZo go ¶h Am±Im| ‘| ObZ CËnÞ H$aVm h¡.

gw{à¶m ZmS>H$Uu¶y{Z¶Z Ymam, H|$.H$m., ‘w§~B©

JwUH$mar Jw‹S>hbJwUH$mar Jw‹S>hb

Im§gr ‘| Jw‹S>hb H$s O‹S> H$m MyU© nmZr Ho$ gmW nrgH$a H$m‹T>m

54 ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ

Am¶wmZ ^d:

55A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020 55A³Vy~a-{Xg§~a, 2020

AmnH$s ZOa go ....

h‘ AmnH$mo Bg nÌ Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go gy{MV H$aZm MmhVo h¢ {H$ h‘| AmnHo$ ~¢H$ H$s {V‘mhr n{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' H$m "OwbmB© - {gV§~a' A§H$ àmá hþAm. n{ÌH$m H$m ñdê$n ~hþV hr AmH$f©H$ Ed§ amoMH$ h¡. n{ÌH$m ‘| {d{dY àH$ma Ho$ {df¶m| H$m g‘mdoe hmoZo go n{ÌH$m H$m ñdê$n ~ohVa ê$n go {ZIa H$a Am¶m h¡.

"H$moB© bm¡Q>m Xo ‘wPo ‘oam ~MnZ' Am¡a "{hÝXr: H$, I, J go AmJo' B˶m{X AmboI Ed§ n{ÌH$m ‘| àH$m{eV g^r H${dVm¶| EH$ go ~‹T>H$a EH$ h¡. n{ÌH$m ‘| "amO^mfm g‘mMma' H$m°b‘ ~hþV hr AmH$f©H$ h¡ Ed§ joÌ ‘| hþB© g^r amO^mfm g§~pÝYV J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m g‘mdoe H$aZo dmbm h¡. AV… n{ÌH$m H$s g‘ñV g§nmXH$s¶ Q>r‘ H$mo hm{X©H$ ~YmB© Ed§ ew^H$m‘ZmE±.

AaqdX {d‘bAܶj

ZJa amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z g{‘{V, AmU§X

¶y{Z¶Z ~¢H$ Am°’$ B§{S>¶m H$s {V‘mhr qhXr n{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' OwbmB© - {gVå~a 20 H$s àm{á hþB©. n{ÌH$m àofU Ho$ {bE YݶdmX. ¶y{Z¶Z ~¢H$ Am°’$ B§{S>¶m Ûmam Am¶mo{OV {d{^Þ J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ g‘mdoe go n{ÌH$m H$s emo^m ‘| d¥{Õ hþB© h¡. n{ÌH$m H$m H$boda VWm gmO-g‚mm AmH$f©H$ h¡. BgHo$ g’$b d CËH¥$ï> àH$meZ hoVw gånmXH$ ‘ÊS>b g{hV àH$meZ ‘| ¶moJXmZ XoZo dmbo g^r H${‘©H$m| H$mo hm{X©H$ ew^H$m‘ZmE§.

amOoe Hw$‘ma ‘rZmamO^mfm A{YH$mar

Ho$Zam ~¢H$ Ed§ gXñ¶ g{Md ZamH$mg CSw>{n

¶y{Z¶Z ~¢H$ H$s {V‘mhr {hÝXr n{ÌH$m "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' df©-5, A§H$-3, OwbmB©-{gV§~a 20 n‹T>Zo H$m Adga {‘bm. ¶h {deofm§H$ Img Vm¡a na ~MnZ H$s ñ‘¥{V¶m| H$mo VmµOm H$aVr h¢. gm{h˶ g¥OZ, H$mì¶ g¥OZ, ~MnZ Ho$ Iob, H$moB© bm¡Q>m Xo, g§ñH$ma Am¡a ~MnZ, ~MnZ H$b go AmO VH$, ~MnZ Ho$ gnZo, amO^mfm nwañH$ma, H$hm{Z¶m| Ho$ gmW ~MnZ Am{X boIm| Ûmam n{ÌH$m Zo h‘| {’$a go AnZo ~MnZ ‘|, nb ^a Ho$ {bE hr ghr nhþ±Mm {X¶m. n{ÌH$m H$m ‘wI-{MÌ ^r H$mJµO H$s Zmd Am¡a ~MnZ Ho$ nwamZo nbm| H$m h¡. AmO H$m ~MnZ ^r Xe©Zr¶ h¡ {Og‘| ~ƒo hmWm| ‘| ‘mo~mBb Am¡a Q>o~boQ> {bE ~¡R>o h¢. ¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ H$s gmO-g‚mm H$m’$s gw§Xa Am¡a bw^mZo dmbr h¡. n{ÌH$m H$s g’$bVm Ho$ {bE ~hþV-~hþV ~YmB©¶m±.

S>m°. gr‘m MÝÐZghm¶H$ AmMm¶©

Ho$ÝÐr¶ {dœ{dÚmb¶, Ho$ab

AmnHo$ Ûmam ào{fV "¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ' H$m A§H$-3 àmá hþAm. ~hþV-~hþV YݶdmX. ¶h n{ÌH$m ~MnZ {deofm§H$ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ~hþV hr Img h¡. Bg n{ÌH$m ‘| àH$m{eV boI, H${dVmE± ~hþV hr gOrd d öX¶ñneu ‘mby‘ n‹S>Vr h¢. n{ÌH$m H$s gmO-g‚mm ~hþV hr gw§Xa Ed§ AmH$f©H$ h¡. g§nmXH$ Ed§ g§nmXH$ ‘§S>b ~YmB© Ho$ nmÌ h¢. n{ÌH$m go g§ñWm ‘| amO^mfm H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z H$s J{V H$m mZ hmoVm h¡. Bg gw§Xa A§H$ H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Amn g^r H$mo hm{X©H$ ~YmB©! ‘¢ H$m‘Zm H$aVm hÿ± {H$ n{ÌH$m H$s ¶h CËH¥$ï>Vm gX¡d ~Zr aho.

g˶àH$me qghd[að> à~§YH$ (amO^mfm)

A§Mb H$m¶m©b¶, O~bnwa, ~¢H$ Am°’$ ‘hmamï´>

¶y{Z¶Z g¥OZ n{ÌH$m H$mo n‹T>H$a ~hþV AÀN>m bJm. "~MnZ' na AmYm[aV ¶h A§H$ AnZo Amn ‘| ~hþV gmaJ{^©V bJm VWm n{ÌH$m H$m H$boda JwUdÎmmnyU© Ed§ AmH$f©H$ h¡. n{ÌH$m Ho$ àH$meZ ‘| ¶moJXmZ XoZo dmbo g^r gXñ¶m| H$mo hm{X©H$ ~YmB©.

ApIboe Hw$‘ma Cnmܶm¶Cn à~§YH$ - amO^mfm

^maVr¶ ñQ>oQ> ~¢H$àemg{ZH$ H$m¶m©b¶, H$mo{PH$moS>

‘hmamï´> {deofm§H$

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