WEBGIS KEMACETAN LALU LINTAS DAN

SOLUSI RUTE TERPENDEK MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA

DIJKSTRA BERBASIS OPENLAYER

DI KOTA MALANG

TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi

Persyaratan Guna Meraih Gelar Sarjana Strata 1

Teknik Informatika Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Disusun Oleh :

Pandu Anugrah Mulya

201010370311427

JURUSAN TEKNIK INFORMATIKA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2014

KATA PENGANTAR

Alhamdulillah, segala puji bagi Allah Subhanahu wa ta’ala atas limpahan rahmat,

hidayah, serta bimbingan-Nya. Shalawat dan salam semoga tercurah kepada Nabi Muhammad

Shallallohu ‘alaihi wa sallam. Akhirnya penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir yang

berjudul Aplikasi WebGIS Kemacetan Lalu Lintas Dan Solusi Rute Terpendek Menggunakan

Algoritma Dijkstra berbasis Openlayer. Sebuah aplikasi sistem informasi geografis yang

memberikan informasi tentang tingkat kemacetan pada jalan raya di Kota Malang. Oleh

karena itu, dengan segala kerendahan hati pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan banyak

terima kasih kepada :

1. Ibu tercinta, serta keluarga yang senantiasa mendoakan, memotivasi, dan memberikan

semangat kepada penulis.

2. Bapak Galih Wasis Wicaksono, M.Kom, selaku Dosen Pembimbing I atas bimbingan,

arahan, dan masukan selama penyusunan skripsi.

3. Bapak Eko Budi Cahyono, S.Kom, M.T. selaku Dosen Pembimbing II yang telah

memberikan saran dan masukan kepada penulis dalam penyusunan skripsi.

4. Semua pihak yang telah memberikan bantuan dan dukungan kepada penulis dalam

penyusunan skripsi yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu per satu.

Akhir kata, semoga Allah Subhanahu wa ta’ala memberikan balasan kebaikan atas segala

bantuan yang telah diberikan kepada penulis. Amin.

Malang, Juni 2014

Penulis

DAFTAR ISI

ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................................... i

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. ii

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................................. iii

DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................................... x

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Tujuan Masalah ............................................................................................................. 2

1.4 Batasan Masalah .......................................................................................................... 2

1.5 Metodologi .................................................................................................................... 3

1.6 Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................................................... 4

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ..................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) ................................................................................ 5

2.1.1 Pengertian Sistem ................................................................................................ 5

2.1.2 Pengertian Informasi ............................................................................................. 5

2.1.3 Pengertian Sistem Informasi.................................................................................. 5

2.1.4 Pengertian Geografi ............................................................................................... 6

2.1.5 Pengertian Sistem Informasi Geografis ................................................................. 6

2.1.6 Subsistem Sistem Informasi Geografis ................................................................. 7

2.1.7 Komponen Sistem Informasi Geografis ................................................................ 8

2.2 Metode Pengembangan Sistem ..................................................................................... 10

2.3 Database ........................................................................................................................ 11

2.4 Georeferencing .............................................................................................................. 11

2.5 Digitasi .......................................................................................................................... 12

2.6 Shortest Path Finding .................................................................................................... 13

2.6.1 Shortest Pathfinding Dijkstra ................................................................................ 14

2.7 Teknologi Sistem .......................................................................................................... 15

2.7.1 Quantum GIS ......................................................................................................... 15

2.7.2 PostgreSQL ........................................................................................................... 15

2.7.3 PostGIS .................................................................................................................. 15

2.7.4 OpenLayers ........................................................................................................... 15

BAB III ANALISIS DAN RANCANGAN SISTEM ................................................................. 16

3.1 Konsep Data Real World .............................................................................................. 16

3.2 Tahap Analisis ............................................................................................................... 17

3.2.1 Analisis Kebutuhan ............................................................................................. 18

3.2.2 Pengumpulan Data Survey .................................................................................. 18

3.2.3 Analisa Algoritma Dijkstra ................................................................................. 20

3.3 Perancangan Sistem ...................................................................................................... 24

3.3.1 Skema Sistem ...................................................................................................... 24

3.3.2 Rancangan Entitas Spasial dan Data Atribut ...................................................... 25

3.3.3 Relasi Antar Entitas Spasial ................................................................................ 27

3.3.4 Rancangan Georeferencing ................................................................................. 27

3.3.4.1 Penentuan Layer Data Raster ................................................................. 27

3.3.4.2 Teknik Georeferencing ........................................................................... 28

3.3.5 Digitasi ................................................................................................................ 30

3.3.5.1 Penentuan Layer Data Vektor ................................................................. 30

3.3.5.2 Teknik Digitasi ....................................................................................... 30

3.3.6 Rancangan Database Spasial ............................................................................... 32

3.3.6.1 Konfigurasi Server dan Database PostgreSQL ....................................... 32

3.3.6.2 Export Layer-layer ke Databse PostgreSQL .......................................... 33

3.3.7 Rancangan Algoritma Dijkstra Menggunakan Pgrouting ................................... 34

3.3.8 Rancangan Desain Layout Utama ....................................................................... 35

3.3.9 Rancangan Desain Layout Fitur .......................................................................... 35

3.3.9.1 Fitur Rute Terpendek .............................................................................. 35

3.3.9.2 Fitur Update State Jalan .......................................................................... 36

3.3.9.3 Rancangan Layout Create Event ............................................................ 36

3.3.10 Rancangan Desain Layout Sistem Pendukung .................................................. 37

3.3.10.1 Window History ................................................................................... 37

3.3.10.2 Tabel Info ............................................................................................. 38

3.3.10.3 Rancangan Tabel Ruas Jalan ................................................................ 38

3.3.10.4 Rancangan Tabel Titik Macet ............................................................... 39

3.3.10.5 Rancangan Tabel Event ........................................................................ 39

3.3.10.6 Rancangan Tabel Update Jalan ............................................................. 40

3.3.10.7 Rancangan Tabel Report ...................................................................... 40

3.3.10.8 Rancangan Info User ............................................................................ 41

3.3.10.9 Rancangan Settings (Admin) ................................................................ 41

3.3.10.10 Rancangan Tabel Statistik dan Grafik ................................................ 42

BAB IV IMPLEMENTASI DAN PENGUJIAN SISTEM ........................................................ 43

4.1 Implementasi OpenLayer .............................................................................................. 43

4.1.1 Setting MapServer ................................................................................................. 43

4.1.2 Set Layer .............................................................................................................. 43

4.1.3 Hasil Implementasi ServerMap dan Layer ............................................................ 44

4.2 Implementasi Hasil Survey pada Layer Jalan ............................................................... 45

4.2.1 Hasil Tabel Layer Jalan ......................................................................................... 45

4.2.2 Hasil Tabel Survey ................................................................................................ 45

4.2.3 Penambahan Atribut Hasil Survey pada Layer Jalan ............................................ 45

4.3 Query Spasial Sebagai Biaya (Cost) Fitur Rute Terpendek Pgrouting Dijkstra ........... 46

4.4 Teknik Pgrouting ........................................................................................................... 48

4.4.1 Menentukan Relasi Antar Node ............................................................................ 49

4.4.2 Menentukan node terdekat dari parameter titik koordinat .................................... 49

4.4.3 Penggunaan Algoritma pada Pgrouting ................................................................. 50

4.4.4 Hasil Pgrouting ...................................................................................................... 50

4.5 Implementasi Pgrouting dengan Layer ......................................................................... 51

4.5.1 Implementasi Desain WebGIS Rute Terpendek.................................................... 51

4.5.2 Penentuan Titik Terdekat pada Rute Terpendek WebGIS .................................... 51

4.5.3 Pengolahan Hasil Rute ke dalam WebGIS ............................................................ 52

4.5.4 Hasil Rute Terpendek dengan Algoritma Dijkstra pada Sistem WebGIS ............. 52

4.6 Implementasi Fitur Utama ............................................................................................. 52

4.6.1 Fitur Update Kondisi Kemacetan Jalan ................................................................. 52

4.6.2 Fitur Informasi Tingkat Kemacetan ...................................................................... 53

4.6.3 Fitur Legenda ........................................................................................................ 54

4.6.4 Fitur Create Event ................................................................................................. 55

4.6.5 Fitur Setting ........................................................................................................... 56

4.6.6 Sistem Login .......................................................................................................... 56

4.6.7 Kebijakan User,Member dan Admin ..................................................................... 57

4.6.8 Hasil Fitur Utama .................................................................................................. 57

4.7 Implementasi Fitur Pendukung ..................................................................................... 58

4.7.1 Window History .................................................................................................... 58

4.7.2 Tabel Info .............................................................................................................. 58

4.7.3 Tabel Ruas Jalan .................................................................................................... 59

4.7.4 Tabel Titik Macet .................................................................................................. 59

4.7.5 Rancangan Tabel Event ......................................................................................... 60

4.7.6 Rancangan Tabel Update Jalan ............................................................................. 60

4.7.7 Data Report ............................................................................................................ 60

4.7.8 Data Statistik dan Grafik ....................................................................................... 61

4.8 Pengujian Sistem ........................................................................................................... 62

4.8.1 Skenario Kemacetan .............................................................................................. 62

4.8.2 Analisa dan Pengujian Sampel dengan Pgrouting Algoritma Dijkstra ................ 64

4.8.3 Hasil Pengujian Sistem Informasi Geografis ........................................................ 67

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ...................................................................................... 71

5.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................................. 71

5.2 Saran ............................................................................................................................. 72

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................................................. 73

LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................................................ 74

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2-1 Data Tabel Tabular ....................................................................................................... 13

Tabel 3-1 Daftar Kegiatan Survey ................................................................................................ 18

Tabel 3-2 Tabel Point koordinat sebagai acuan georeferencing ................................................... 28

Tabel 4-1 Tabel Kebijakan Akses Sistem ..................................................................................... 57

Tabel 4-2 Tabel Pengujian Sistem Informasi Geografis .............................................................. 68

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2-1 Metode Pengembangan Sistem ................................................................................ 10

Gambar 3-1 Konsep Data Real World ke Bentuk Model ............................................................. 16

Gambar 3-2 Konsep real world secara keseluruhan ..................................................................... 17

Gambar 3-3 Model Raster dan Model Vektor Dari Data Real World .......................................... 17

Gambar 3-4 Sampel Form Survey ................................................................................................ 19

Gambar 3-5: Analisa Tahap 1 ....................................................................................................... 20

Gambar 3-6: Analisa Tahap 2 ....................................................................................................... 20

Gambar 3-7: Analisa Tahap 3 ....................................................................................................... 21

Gambar 3-8: Analisa Tahap 4 ....................................................................................................... 21

Gambar 3-9: Analisa Tahap 5 ....................................................................................................... 21

Gambar 3-10: Analisa Tahap 6 ..................................................................................................... 22

Gambar 3-11: Analisa Tahap 7 ..................................................................................................... 22

Gambar 3-12: Analisa Tahap 8 ..................................................................................................... 22

Gambar 3-13: Analisa Tahap 9 ..................................................................................................... 23

Gambar 3-14: Analisa Tahap 10 ................................................................................................... 23

Gambar 3-15: Analisa Tahap 11 ................................................................................................... 23

Gambar 3-16 Rancangan Sistem Informasi Geografis ................................................................. 24

Gambar 3-17 Gambar Relasi Entitas Spasial ............................................................................... 27

Gambar 3-18 Data Raster kota Malang dari peta digital Google Maps ....................................... 27

Gambar 3-19 Penentuan koordinat peta pada Google Maps ........................................................ 28

Gambar 3-20 Input koordinat x dan y pada posisi point georeferencing ..................................... 29

Gambar 3-21 Rancangan Akhir Georeferencing .......................................................................... 29

Gambar 3-22 Create Shapefile Layer ........................................................................................... 30

Gambar 3-23 Membuat titik feature jalan pada digitasi ............................................................... 31

Gambar 3-24 Hasil Digitasi untuk Layer Jalan ............................................................................ 31

Gambar 3-25 Rancangan Akhir Digitasi ...................................................................................... 32

Gambar 3-26 Instalasi Ekstensi Spasial pada PostgreSQL .......................................................... 32

Gambar 3-27 Pembuatan Database baru pada PostgreSQL ......................................................... 33

Gambar 3-28 Rancangan Desain Sistem Utama ........................................................................... 35

Gambar 3-29 Fitur Rute Terpendek pada Rancangan Sistem Utama ........................................... 35

Gambar 3-30 Fitur Update State Jalan ......................................................................................... 36

Gambar 3-31 Fitur Create Event .................................................................................................. 37

Gambar 3-32 Rancangan Window History .................................................................................. 37

Gambar 3-33 Rancangan Tabel Info ............................................................................................ 38

Gambar 3-34 Rancangan Tabel Ruas Jalan .................................................................................. 38

Gambar 3-35 Rancangan Tabel Titik Macet ................................................................................ 39

Gambar 3-36 Rancangan Tabel Event .......................................................................................... 39

Gambar 3-37 Rancangan Tabel Update Jalan .............................................................................. 40

Gambar 3-38 Rancangan Tabel Report ........................................................................................ 40

Gambar 3-39 Rancangan Info User .............................................................................................. 41

Gambar 3-40 Rancangan Settings untuk Admin .......................................................................... 41

Gambar 3-41 Rancangan Data Statistik dan Grafik ..................................................................... 42

Gambar 4-1 Implementasi Map dan Layer di Openlayer ............................................................. 44

Gambar 4-2 Hasil Export Tabel Layer Jalan ................................................................................ 45

Gambar 4-3 Hasil Tabel Survey ................................................................................................... 45

Gambar 4-4 Hasil Implementasi Survey pada Tabel Layer Jalan ................................................ 46

Gambar 4-5 Query Spasial untuk mencari Panjang Ruas Jalan .................................................. 46

Gambar 4-6 Hasil Panjang Ruas Jalan yang telah disimpan ........................................................ 47

Gambar 4-7 Hasil Tipe Arah Jalan yang telah disimpan .............................................................. 47

Gambar 4-8 Hasil Kecepatan yang telah disimpan ...................................................................... 47

Gambar 4-9 Query Rumus untuk menentukan Waktu tempuh .................................................... 48

Gambar 4-10 Hasil Waktu Tempuh Ruas Jalan yang telah disimpan .......................................... 48

Gambar 4-11 Query untuk mencari node terdekat ....................................................................... 49

Gambar 4-12 Query Penggunaan Algoritma Dijkstra pada Pgrouting ......................................... 50

Gambar 4-13 Hasil Query Pgrouting ............................................................................................ 50

Gambar 4-14 Implementasi Desain Fitur Rute Terpendek ........................................................... 51

Gambar 4-15 Rute Terpendek dengan Algoritma Dijkstra pada Sistem WebGIS ....................... 52

Gambar 4-16 Hasil implementasi fitur Update Kondisi kemacetan Jalan .................................... 53

Gambar 4-17 Fitur Informasi Tingkat Kemacetan ....................................................................... 54

Gambar 4-18 Fitur Legenda ......................................................................................................... 54

Gambar 4-19 Hasil implementasi dari fitur Create Event ............................................................ 55

Gambar 4-20 Implementasi Fitur Setting ..................................................................................... 56

Gambar 4-21 Implementasi Sistem Login .................................................................................... 56

Gambar 4-22 Hasil Fitur Utama secara keseluruhan .................................................................... 57

Gambar 4-23 Implementasi Window History .............................................................................. 58

Gambar 4-24 Hasil Implementasi Tabel Info ............................................................................... 58

Gambar 4-25 Tabel Ruas Jalan ..................................................................................................... 59

Gambar 4-26 Tabel Titik Macet ................................................................................................... 59

Gambar 4-27 Tabel Event ............................................................................................................. 60

Gambar 4-28 Hasil Implementasi Fitur Tabel Update Jalan ........................................................ 60

Gambar 4-29 Hasil Data Report sistem informasi geografis ........................................................ 61

Gambar 4-30 Hasil Implementasi Data Statistik dan Grafik ........................................................ 61

Gambar 4-31 Sampel Ruas Jalan Kota Malang ............................................................................ 62

Gambar 4-32 Sampel Topologi dari Ruas Jalan Kota Malang ..................................................... 62

Gambar 4-33 Tingkat Kecepatan Rata-rata Jalan ......................................................................... 63

Gambar 4-34 Sampel Topologi berdasarkan jarak ....................................................................... 63

Gambar 4-35 Sampel Topologi berdasarkan waktu sebagai nilai biaya (cost) ............................ 64

Gambar 4-36 Sampel Topologi 1 ................................................................................................. 64

Gambar 4-37 hasil Pgrouting pada Sampel Topologi 1 ............................................................... 65

Gambar 4-38 Sampel Topologi 2 ................................................................................................. 65

Gambar 4-39 Hasil Pgrouting pada Sampel Topologi 2 ............................................................... 66

Gambar 4-40 Sampel Topologi 3 ................................................................................................. 66

Gambar 4-41 Hasil Pgrouting pada Sampel Topologi 3 ............................................................... 67

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

[1] X. Wang,“ Integrating GIS, simulation models,and visualization in traffic impact

analysis”, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, Elsevier, Vol. 23, 471–496,

2005

[2] Mohamad, K, “Pertolongan Pertama”, PTGramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, 2005

[3] NHS Direct, 2007, http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articles/article.aspx?articleId=450

[4] Dowling, Richard,2012, “Transportation Research Board ”,2012

http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_616.pdf

[5] Dr. S.K. Ghosh, 2004 , “Traffic Accident Analysis for Dehradun City Using GIS”

[6] Ahmad Rohzi, 2008, “Intelligent GIS-Based Road Accident Analysis and Real-Time

Monitoring Automated System using WiMAX/GPRS”

[7] Niishtha Kesswani, 2011, “Design And Implementation of Multi-Parameter Djikstras’s

(MPD) Algorithm: A Shortest Path Algorithm For Real-Road Networks”

http://www.ijaer.com/webmaster/upload/sep_2011_nishtha_kesswani.pdf

[8] Sama’ila Saleh, 2013, “Geographical Information System (GIS) as a Tool for Urban

Traffic Network Analysis”

[9] Prahasta, Eddy. 2002. Tutorial ArcView. Bandung: Informatika.

[10] Prahasta, Eddy. 2006. Membangun Aplikasi Web-based GIS Dengan MapSever.

Bandung: Informatika.

[11] Sidik, Betha. 2001. Pemprograman Web Dengan PHP. Bandung:Informatika.

[12] Syafii, M, 2005. Aplikasi Database Dengan PHP 5 MySQL PostgreSQL

Oracle.Yogyakarta: Andi Offesed.