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DASAR 2

Unit 17 – Quantifier – some / any

Unit 18 – Quantifier – much / many / a lot of

Unit 19 – Quantifier – few / little / a few / a little

Unit 20 – Possessives ( kata kepunyaan / milik )

Unit 21 – There is / There are

Unit 22 – Modal verbs ( can / can not )

Unit 23 – Have / Have got

Unit 24 – Conjuntion ( kata penghubung and, but, or, because, so )

Unit 25 – Imperative ( kalimat perintah )

Unit 26 – Present continous tense

Unit 27 – Adverb of frequency ( kata keterangan frekuensi )

Unit 28 – Preposition of time ( kata depan yang menunjukkan waktu )

Unit 29 – Comparatives and Superlatives ( Tingkat lebih dan Tingkat paling )

Unit 17 – Quantifier – some / any

Quantifier adalah kata-kata yang menunjukkan seberapa banyak jumlah sesuatu – yakni quantifier menunjukkan kuantitas. Bilangan misalnya juga merupakan quantifier.

Some

Some digunakan untuk menunjukkan jumlah yang tidak pasti, jumlah pasti dianggap tidak penting.

Some digunakan pada pernyataan-pernyataan afirmatif, misalnya:- I have some books.- She wants some apples.

Some juga digunakan dalam pertanyaan, tetapi hanya apabila kita memperkirakan jawaban pertanyaan tersebut adalah “Ya”.

Contoh:- Do you have some paper? (penanya berharap jawabannya adalah “Ya”)- Would you like some french fries? (penanya berharapan jawabannya adalah “Ya”).

Any

Any digunakan dalam pernyataan-pernyataan negatif.

Misalnya:- I don’t have any money.- There aren’t any taxis near here.

Any juga umumnya digunakan dalam pertanyaan, khususnya jika kita memperkirakan jawabannya adalah “Tidak”.

Contoh:- Do you have any paper? (penanya memperkirakan jawabannya kemungkinan “Tidak”)- Is there any time to go to the doctor’s? (penanya memperkirakan kemungkinan tidak ada waktu).

Some dan any sering digunakan seperti artikel (a / an) untuk kata benda jamak.

A / an digunakan untuk kata benda countable tunggal, dan some/any bisa digunakan untuk kata benda jamak, countable atau uncountable. Misalnya:- I have a newspaper, some newspaper, and some money

“A newspaper” merupakan kata benda countable tunggal jadi digunakan a, “newspapers” merupakan kata benda countable jamak jadi digunakan some, dan money merupakan kata benda uncountable jadi juga digunakan some.

Pada awalnya memang kelihatan rumit, tetapi ketika anda mempraktikkan penggunaannya dan tidak sekedar membacanya akan lebih bermakna, dan semakin anda berpengalaman dan percaya diri anda akan segera belajar menggunakan grammar bahasa Inggris dengan baik.

Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan

1) Do you have any coffee?No, I don’t, but I’ve got some tea. Do you want some?Yes, please.Do you want a cookie too?Sure, I love cookies.

2) I’m really hungry. Let’s eat.OK. I’ve got some chicken in the refridgerator, do you want some?Yea, that sounds great.I’ve also got some tacos in the cupboard, and there’s an apple pie as well.Do you have any juice?Sure, it’s over there. Help yourself.

3) It’s Mum’s birthday next week. Let’s get her a present.OK. How about some perfume?Well, she doesn’t have any. She doesn’t use it.So how about some clothes or a watch?That’s a good idea, but I don’t know her size.Let’s just buy a gift voucher. Then she can choose her own present.Great idea!

Kosa kata baru:

Any = satu atau beberapacoffee = kopisome = beberapatea = tehI’ve got = I have = mendapatkancookie = kue keringrefrigerator = kulkastaco = tacocupboard = lemaribirthday = ulang tahun

Get = mendapatkanpresent = kado/hadiahperfume = parfumuse = menggunakanwatch = jam tangansize = ukurangift voucher = voucher hadiahthen = kemudianchoose = memilih

(Tautan-tautan berikut akan membuka jendela baru dan menuju ke website lain)

Latihan 1 – Quantifier – Some / Any ->>Latihan 2 – Quantifier – Some / Any ->>Latihan 3 – Quantifier – Some / Any ->>

Grammar Exercises

Complete the sentences using some and any.

Example: She wants some apples.

1. I have

soda.

2. We don't have

milk.

3. Ben's very busy. He doesn't have

time.

4. She wants to buy

books.

5. Let's listen to

music.

6. Do you have

pets?

7. Yes, I have

.

8. We need

fruit and vegetables for dinner.

9. Rachel meets

friends at the weekend.

10. They don't have

coffee.

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Score =

Correct answers:

Grammar Exercises 2

Complete the sentences using some and any.

Example: She wants some apples.

1. Do you have

orange juice?

No, I don't, but I have

grape juice. Do you want

?

Yes, please. I'm really thirsty.

4. Let's make

spaghetti.

OK, what do we need?

We need

pasta,

meat, and

sauce.

Do we need

tomatoes?

That's a good idea. Let's put

mushrooms and

cheese as well. They taste really good!

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Score =

Correct answers:

Dialogue Exercises

Example: My name is Jeremy.

1. Do you have

coffee?

No, I don't, but I've got

tea. Do you want

?

Yes, please.

Do you want a cookie too?

Sure, I love cookies.

2. I'm really hungry. Let's eat.

OK. I've got some

in the refridgerator, do you want some?

Yea, that sounds great.

I've also got some tacos in the cupboard, and there's an

pie as well.

Do you have

juice?

Sure, it's over there. Help yourself.

3. It's Mum's

next week. Let's get her a present.

OK. How about some perfume?

Well, she doesn't have

. She doesn't use it.

So how about some clothes or a watch?

That's a good idea, but I don't

her size.

Let's just buy a gift voucher. Then she can choose her own

.

Great idea!

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Score =

Correct answers:

Unit 18 – Quantifier – much / many / a lot of

Quantifier adalah kata-kata yang menunjuk seberapa banyak jumlah suatu benda – yakni quantifier menunjukkan kuantitas. Much, many, dan a lot of menandakan banyaknya jumlah sesuatu, sebagai contoh “I have a lot of milk” berarti saya mempunyai banyak susu.

Much

Much digunakan untuk kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung (uncountable), dan umumnya digunakan dalam pernyataan-pernyataan negatif dan kalimat bertanya. Tidak lazim menggunakan much pada pernyataan-pernyataan positif. Sebagai contoh:

I don’t have much money.

Do you have much time?

“I have much time.” Ini kedengaran tidak lazim.

Many

Many digunakan untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung (countable), dan sering digunakan pada pernyataan-pernyataan negatif dan kalimat bertanya. Akan tetapi, many juga digunakan dalam pernyataan-pernyataan positif. Contoh:

I don’t have many apples.

Do you have many friends?

Many people come here in summer.

Much dan many bisa digunakan dalam pernyataan-pernyataan afirmatif, tetapi memberikan makna yang lebih formal. Misalnya:

He has many good friends from Harvard University.

Much dan many sering muncul dalam pertanyaan-pertanyaan singkat. Misalnya:

Do you see your family much?

No, not much.

A lot of

A lot of digunakan untuk kata benda uncountable dan countable, dan umumnya digunakan untuk pernyataan-pernyataan afirmatif. Misalnya:

I have a lot of friends.

I have a lot of time.

A lot of juga digunakan dalam pertanyaan, khususnya jika kita memperkirakan jawabannya adalah positif. Walaupun sering disebutkan bahwa much dan many digunakan untuk pertanyaan, kita biasa menggunakannya untuk pertanyaan yang jawabannya diperkirakan negatif. Sebagai contoh:

Do you want a lot of pizza? (Penanya memperkirakan anda ingin makan banyak)

Do you want much pizza? (Ini kedengaran tidak lazim, tetapi penanya memperkirakan anda tidak ingin makan banyak.)

Lots of bisa digunakan dengan cara yang sama seperti a lot of, seringkali dalam pembicaraan informal. Misalnya:

I have lots of time.

I have a lot of time.

How much / how many?

How much digunakan untuk menanyakan tentang harga sesuatu. Misalnya:

How much is it?

How much is that dog in the window?

How much dan How many digunakan untuk menanyakan tentang kuantitas. Misalnya:

How much money do you have?

How many apples does he have?


1) We need to go shopping.I don’t think so, we’ve got a lot of food here.We don’t have much milk or bread, and we don’t have much water.Oh, OK. Lets go shopping this evening.

2) How’s your university?It’s great. I have lots of friends and there are a lot of great professors. I don’t have much money, but that’s OK. Also I’m really busy these days, so I don’t have much time.Are you enjoying it?Sure, it’s going well.

3) How many students are in your class?We don’t have many students, just eight.That’s great! You can study a lot.Right. And I can talk to the teacher a lot as well. That’s good.Do you have many friends in your class?Yes, I go out with them a lot.

Kosa kata baru:

Shopping = belanjathink = pikir/anggapa lot of = banyakmuch = banyakmilk = susubread = rotishopping = belanjaevening = malamnew = baru

University = universitasfriends = temanprofessors = profesorbusy = sibukthese days = belakangan iniclass = kelasmany = banyakright = benargo out = keluar

(Tautan-tautan berikut akan membuka jendela baru dan menuju ke website lain)

Latihan 1 – Quantifier: Much/Many/A Lot of ->>Latihan 2 – Quantifier: Much/Many/A Lot of ->>Latihan 3 – Quantifier: Much/Many/A Lot of ->>

Grammar Exercises

Complete the sentences.. Use much, many, a lot of or lots.

Example: They eat a lot of apples.

1. We have

oranges.

2. We don't have

bananas, and we don't have

fruit juice.

3. Do you have any cereal? Sure, there's

in the kitchen.

4. How

is this? It's ten dollars.

5. How

do you want? Six, please.

6. He's very busy, he has

work.

7. David has

rice, but Tyler doesn't have

.

8. London has

beautiful buildings.

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Score =

Correct answers:

Grammar Exercises 2

Complete the sentences. Use much, many, a lot of or lots.

Example: lot of apples a they eat - They eat a lot of apples.

1. much rice how want do you?

2. many sandwiches want you do how?

3. pizza a lot people of like

4. you have much don't time

5. a lot of nice clothes has she

6. John a lot of things has his bag in

7. tea much don't I drink

8. much homework how do have you?

9. sleep babies lot a

10. writes a lot letters of Lisa

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Score =

Correct answers:

Dialogue Exercises


1. We need to go shopping.

I don't think so, we've got

food here.

We don't have

milk or bread, and we don't have much water.

Oh, OK. Lets go

this evening.

2. How's your university?

It's great. I have

of friends and there are a lot of great professors. I don't have much

, but that's OK. Also I'm really busy these days, so I don't have much

.

Are you enjoying it?

Sure, it's going well.

3. How

students are in your class?

We don't have many students, just eight.

That's great! You can

a lot.

Right. And I can talk to the teacher a lot as well. That's good.

Do you have many

in your class?

Yes, I go out with them

.

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Score =

Correct answers:

Unit 19 – Quantifier – few / little / a few / a little

Quantifiter-quantifier ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan sedikitnya jumlah sesuatu, misalnya “I have a few books” berarti Saya mempunyai sedikit buku.

A Few

A few digunakan bersama kata benda yang dapat dihitung (countable) untuk menunjukkan kuantitas yang sedikit. A few juga digunakan dalam pernyataan-pernyataan afirmatif, tetapi tidak pada kalimat negatif. Kita umumnya menggunakan any untuk kalimat tanya. Contoh:

I have a few books

I don’t have a few books (ini tidak benar).

I don’t have any books (ini benar)

Do you have a few books?

Terkadang kita bisa menggunakan any untuk pertanyaan, misalnya “Do you have any books?”

Few

Ada perbedaan penting antara a few dan few. Few tanpa a digunakan dengan maksud bahwa kita memiliki sesuatu dalam jumlah yang tidak cukup. Milsanya:

She has few apples in refrigerator. (Dia tidak memiliki cukup apel)

She has a few apples apples in refrigerator. (Apel yang dimiliki jumlahnya sedikit)

Supaya mudah dimengerti, “a few” berarti “jumlah yang sedikit”, sedangkan “few” berarti “bukan jumlah yang banyak”. Contoh:

A few friends came to my party. This is a positive idea. I’m happy a few people came. (Sedikit teman yang datang ke acaraku. Ini hal yang positif. Saya senang karena sedikit yang datang)

Few friends came to my party. This is a negative idea. I’m not happy because not many people came. (Tidak banyak yang datang ke acaraku. Ini hal yang negatif. Saya tidak senang karena tidak banyak yang datang)

Perhatikan bagaimana “a few” berfokus pada berapa banyak orang yang datang, tetapi “few” berfokus pada berapa banyak orang yang tidak datang.

Ringkasnya, A few berarti jumlah yang sedikit dan few berarti jumlah yang tidak banyak.

A Little

A little digunakan bersama dengan kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung (uncountable) untuk menunjukkan jumlah yang sedikit. Lagi, a little umumnya digunakan dalam pernyataan afirmatif, bukan dalam kalimat negatif atau bertanya. Contoh:

I have a little orange juice.

Kalimat negatif dan bertanya menggunakan “any” sebagaimana biasanya.

I don’t have a little orange juice (ini tidak benar)

I don’t have any orange juice (ini benar)

Do you have a little orange juice?

Lagi, kita umumnya menggunakan any untuk pertanyaan, misalnya “Do you have any orange juice?”

Little

Seperti dengan few, ada perbedaan antara a little dan little. Little tanpa a digunakan dengan maksud bahwa kita tidak memiliki sesuatu dalam jumlah yang cukup. Contoh:

She has little for breakfast. (Dia tidak makan cukup untuk sarapan)

She has a little for breakfast. (Dia makan sedikit makanan untuk sarapan).


1) How’s your job going?It’s great, now I save a little money every month.That’s great. These days I can save little money, my apartment is expensive.Oh, that’s too bad.

2) Are there any bookstores near here?Not really, there are few bookstores near here.So how do I buy books?There are a few bookstores in the center of town. Let’s go together this afternoon.Thanks, that sounds great.

3) Do you like coffee?No, I drink little coffee, it doesn’t taste very good.How about tea?Sure, I often drink a little tea.Do you want some?Yes, please!

Kosa kata baru:

Job = pekerjaana little = sedikitmoney = uangevery = setiapmonth = bulansave = tabung/simpanapartment = apartemenexpensive = mahalbad = buruk

Bookstore = toko bukufew = sedikitnear = dekatbuy = memblicenter = pusattown = kotaafternoon = soretaste = rasadrink = minum

(Tautan-tautan berikut akan membuka jendela baru dan mengarah ke website lain)

Latihan 1 – Quantifier – Few / Little / A Few / A Little ->>Latihan 1 – Quantifier – Few / Little / A Few / A Little ->>Latihan 1 – Quantifier – Few / Little / A Few / A Little ->>

Grammar Exercises

Complete the sentences. Use a few or a little.

Example: They want a little tea.

1. We have

bananas and

water.

2. Do you have any coffee?Sure, there's

in the kitchen.

3. They have some fruit and

nuts.

4. She has

rice and

a vegetables.

6. I need

days vacation.

7. You don't need a lot of salt, just use

.

8.

people have a lot of money, and a lot of people have

money.

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Score =

Correct answers:

Grammar Exercises 2

Complete the sentences. Use a few or a little.

Example: She has a few questions.

1. He has

cats.

2. Every day she drinks

green tea.

3. We need

help.

4. I give

fish to my cat.

5. We learn

every day.

6. Jane needs

books.

7. I have

weeks vacation.

8. He has

good ideas.

9. She knows

words in Spanish.

10. I need to do

work.

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Score =

Correct answers:

Dialogue Exercises


1. How's your job going?

It's great, now I save

money every month.

That's great. These days I can

little money, my apartment is

.

Oh, that's too bad.

2. Are there any

near here?

Not really, there are

bookstores near here.

So how do I buy books?

There are

bookstores in the center of town. Let's go

this afternoon.

3. Do you like coffee?

No, I drink little coffee, it doesn't

very good.

How about tea?

Sure, I often drink

tea.

Do you want

?

Yes, please!

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Score =

Correct answers:

Unit 20 – Possessives ( kata kepunyaan / milik )

Possessives menunjukkan siapa atau apa yang menjadi pemilik sesuatu – yakni menunjukkan kepemilikan.

Kebanyakan kata benda bisa dijadikan bentuk kepunyaan hanya dengan menambahkan ‘s. Sebagai contoh:

The restaurant‘s food is very good.

David Beckam‘s right foot is excellent.

You can eat an apple‘s skin.

Jika kata benda jamak dan berakhiran huruf “s”, maka cukup ditambahkan tanda petik ( ‘ ). Sebagai contoh:

Kata girls pada kalimat berikut adalah jamak dan berakhiran dengan “s” sehingga:

The girls’ books are interesting. (The girls’s books are interesting)

Kata children pada kalimat berikut jamak tetapi tidak berakhiran dengan huruf “s” jadi tetap kita tambahkan ‘s seperti biasa.

The children’s books are interesting.

Kata boss pada kalimat berikut berakhiran huruf “s” tetapi tidak jamak, jadi tetap kita tambahkan ‘s seperti biasa.

The boss’s office is very big

Akan tetapi ini bisa terlihat ganjil, sehingga kita kadang-kadang perlu hanya menggunakan tanda ‘. Sebagai contoh dengan nama:Thomas’s book, Tess’s house juga bisa menjadi Thomas’ book, Tess’ house.

Kaidah dasarnya adalah: jika kata benda jamak dan berakhiran huruf “s” tambahkan tanda ‘ - tetapi jika tidak tetap tambahkan ‘s.

1. Possessive adjective (kata sifat milik)

Berikut kata sifat milik dengan contoh kalimat. Perhatikan bahwa kata sifat milik ditempatkan sebelum kata benda.

Possessive Adjective

MyYour (singular)HerHisOurYour (plural)TheirIts

Contoh

This is my bookYour car looks great.Her watch is expensive.His house is on Chamber Street.Our dog is cute.Your friends are nice.This is their ball.The cat likes its food.

2. Possessive pronoun (kata ganti milik)

Berikut kata ganti milik dengan beberapa contoh kalimat. Perhatikan bahwa kata ganti milik tidak pernah ditempatkan sebelum kata benda.

Possessive Pronoun

MineYours (tunggal)HersHisOursYours (jamak)TheirsIts

Contoh

This book is mine.That car is yours.The expensive watch is hers.The house on Chamber Street is his.The cute dog is ours.Those friends are yours.This ball is theirs.–

Tidak ada kata ganti milik untuk its, jadi kita tidak bisa mengatakan “The book is its“. Kata ganti milik juga sering ditempatkan di akhir kalimat dan biasanya ditekankan. “This is my book” bisa memiliki makna yang cukup faktual, tetapi “This book is mine” lebih menekankan siapa pemilik buku itu.


1) Whose watch is this?Oh, it’s mine.And whose pen is this?It’s Tim’s, I think.

2) Whose CDs are these?They’re mine. Do you like them?Sure, I’ve got the same CDs at home.

3) Who lives in that house?Oh, that’s the Jones’ house. This is our house.Your house is really nice.Thanks.Is this your car?No that’s not mine, it’s my neighbor’s. This is mine.

Kosa kata baru:

whose = punya siapawatch = jam tanganmine = punya sayathese =iniCD = CDmine = punya saya

same = samaJones – a common family nameour = kaminice = bagusneighbor = tetangga


Latihan 1 – Possessives (kata kepunyaan) ->Latihan 2 – Possessives (kata kepunyaan) ->Latihan 3 – Possessives (kata kepunyaan) ->

Grammar Exercises

Make the possessive form of the nouns given.

Example: My brother's house is in London. (brother)

1. My

shirt is purple. (friend)

2. The

books are on the desk. (girls)

3. It's

birthday on Monday. (John)

4. Do you have

newspaper? (today)

5. The

bags are in the bedroom. (children)

6. My

office is next to mine. (boss)

7. Your uncle is your

brother. (father)

8. Your aunt is your

sister. (mother)

9. My

birthdays are next month. (friends)

10. A

tail is long. (monkey)

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Score =

Correct answers:

Grammar Exercises 2

Add the correct possessive adjective or pronoun.

Example: I have a pencil, it's my pencil. It's mine.

1. She has a book, it's

book. It's

.

2. You have an umbrella, it's

umbrella. It's

.

3. They have some magazines, they're

magazines. They're

.

4. Here is Bob's house. It's

house.

5. These are Tom and Jackie's bags. They're

bags.

6. I have a puppy. It's

.

7. Tyler's brother has a new apartment. It's

.

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Score =

Correct answers:

Dialogue Exercises


1.

watch is this?

Oh, it's

.

And whose pen is this?

It's

, I think.

2. Whose CDs are

?

They're

. Do you like them?

Sure, I've the

CDs at home.

There are bookstores in the center of town. Let's go this afternoon.

3.

lives in that house?

Oh, that's the Jones' house. This is

house.

Your house is really nice.

Thanks.

Is this

car?

No that's not mine, it's my

. This is mine.

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Score =

Correct answers:

Unit 21 – There is / There are

“There” adalah salah satu jenis kata ganti yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang diketahui ada.

Coba bandingkan kedua kalimat berikut:

“A fly is in my soup.”

“There is a fly in my soup!”

Kalimat pertama adalah kalimat faktual dan impersonal. The fly (lalat) adalah subjek, dan soup (sop) adalah objek. Dalam kalimat ke-dua objek adalah “a fly in my soup”, sehingga subjek adalah “There”. “There” berfungsi sebagai sebuah jenis subjek sulih (dummy) yang mewakili perspektif yang lebih personal ketimbang pernyataan faktual.

Terkhusus dalam bahasa Inggris lisan kita biasanya menggunakan singkatan.

Berikut bentuk-bentuk “there” dalam kalimat Simple Present.

Kalimat positif

There’s a tree in my garden.There are books on the desk. (‘there are’ tidak memiliki singkatan)

Kalimat negatif

There isn’t a computer in my bedroom.There aren’t any cinemas here.

Pertanyaan

Is there a restaurant here?Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t

There is digunakan bersama kata benda tunggal. Contoh:

There is a book on the table

There are digunakan bersama kata benda jamak. Contoh:

There are two magazines on the desk.

Akan tetapi, terkadang kita dapat menggunakan “There is” bersama dengan subjek ganda, misalnya:

There’s a bank and apost office near my house.


1) Tyler, do you like London?Sure, there are lots of restaurants and shops, and there’s a lot of beautiful parks and museums as well.I really want to live there.Me too!

2) Hey, this is a great apartment.Thanks. There’s a lot of space, and there are some really nice neighbors as well.Are there any stores near here?Sure, there is a supermarket near here.You have a great view!Right. There’s only one problem.What’s that?It’s really expensive!

3) Is there any pizza?No we don’t have any, sorry.Well, are there any apples?Er, yes, there’s some in the kitchen. Help yourself.

Kosa kata baru:

there are = adarestaurant = restoranshop = tokothere is = adabeautiful = indahpark = tamanmuseum = museumthere = disanalive = tinggalapartment = apartemen

space =ruangnear = dekatnearby = dekatview = pendapatproblem = masalahexpensive = mahalpizza = pizzasorry = maafkitchen = dapurhelp yourself = kerjakan sendiri


Latihan 1 – There is / there are ->>Latihan 2 – There is / there are ->>Latihan 3 – There is / there are ->>

Grammar Exercises

Add there is or there are to the following sentences.

Example: There are many stars in the sky.

1.

a fly in my soup.(There is, There are)

2.

many parks in New York.(There is, There are)

3.

any tigers in Africa.(There isn't, There aren't)

4.

lots of hotels in big cities.(There is, There are)

5.

a bank near here?(Is there, Are there)

6.

life on Mars?(Is there, Are there)

7.

a telephone I can use?(Is there, Are there)

8.

a football game tomorrow.(There is, There are)

9.

8 students in my class.(There is, There are)

10.

many people my town.(There isn't, There aren't)

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Score =

Correct answers:

Grammar Exercises 2

Unscramble these sentences.

Example: are many stars the sky in there - There are many stars in the sky.

1. there's book a on desk my

2. are many trees there near house my.

3. there's some food the fridge in.

4. at 9.00 there's party a.

5. there are any cafes?

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Score =

Correct answers:

Unit 22 – Modal verbs ( can / can not )

Can merupakan sebuah jenis kata kerja bantu yang disebut modal verb. Modal verbs menunjukkan karakter atau mood tertentu dari sebuah kata kerja.

Ability/Kemampuan

Can sering digunakan untuk menunjukkan kemampuan. Contoh: “We can speak English”, atau “He can sing well.”

Berikut bentuk Simple Present dari can yang menunjukkan kemampuan.

Pernyataan

I can play the piano.She can drive a car.

NEgatif

I cannot play the piano.She cannot drive a car.

Pertanyaan

Can you play the piano?Can she drive a car?

Singkatan

Cannot dan can’t adalah kata yang sama: misal:- I cannot cook well- I can’t cook wellCan’t lebih umum digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris lisan.

Permission/Izin

Can juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan izin. Contoh: “You can go home after class”. Berikut bentuk Simple Present dari can yang menunjukkan izin.

Pernyataan

You can meet her tommorrow. – (Kamu mendapatkan izin untuk menemuinya).

Negatif

She can’t come to our house. – (Dia tidak diizinkan untuk datang ke rumah kita).

Pertanyaan

Can we go to the movies? – (Ijinkan kami pergi ke bioskop).


1) Can you play the piano?Yes, a little. How about you?No I can’t, but I can play the guitar.

2) Can you cook?Not really. I can make toast and pasta, that’s all.Everyone can make toast!Well, can you cook?Yes, I can. I can cook delicious fish and chicken.Wow, that’s great.

3) So what can you do?I can draw, and I can paint really well too. I can also speak English and Korean. How about you?I can play chess and I can write computer programs. I can also speak English and Spanish.Excellent!

Kosa kata baru:

can = bisaplay = mainpiano = pianocan’t = tidak bisaguitar = gitarcook = memasakdelicious = lezatfish = ikanwow = wow

draw = menggambarpaint = catKorean =orang Kroeachess = caturwrite = menuliscomputer = komputercomputer program = program komputerSpanish = Bahasa Spanyolexcellent = bagus sekali

Pelajaran dalam unit ini cukup sederhana, silakan kerjakan latihan-latihan berikut. (Tutan mengarah ke website lain).

Latihan 1 – Modal verbs – Can / Can’t ->>Latihan 2 – Modal verbs – Can / Can’t ->>Latihan 3 – Modal verbs – Can / Can’t ->>

Grammar Exercises

Add can or can't to the following sentences.

Example: You can speak English.

1. Monkeys

talk.

2. Pigs

fly.

3. I

play the piano., but Cory can't.

4. You

go on vacation. It's too expensive.

5.

I borrow some money?

6. I don't know the answer.

you tell me?

7. Tony

come tonight, he's too busy.

8. Jim makes great food. He

cook really well.

9. Excuse me, we

see the movie.

10. It's too noisy. We

study well.

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Score =

Correct answers:

Grammar Exercises 2

Unscramble the following sentences.

Example: speak can you English. - You can speak English.

1. you can play the violin?

2. draw they can't well.

3. play I basketball can.

4. we can come house to your?

5. she sleep can't

6. you cook can?

7. watch can television I?

,

Write about yourself. These questions qon't be marked.

I can

and

or

.

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Score =

Correct answers:

Unit 23 – Have / Have got

“Have” dan “have got” keduanya digunakan untuk menunjukkan kepemilikan. Contoh: “I have a pen”, dan “I have got a pen” memiliki makna yang sama (Saya punya sebuah pulpen). Berikut beberapa poin utama yang perlu diperhatikan ketika memilih kapan menggunakan have dan kapan menggunakan have got.

Have

Bentuk simple present dari have adalah sebagai berikut.

Tunggal

Afirmatif

I have a penYou have a penShe has a penHe has a penIt has a pen

Negatif

I do not have a pen = I don’t have a penYou do not have a pen = You don’t have a penShe does not have a pen = She doesn’t have a penHe does not have a pen = He doesn’t have a penIt does not have a pen = It doesn’t have a pen

Pertanyaan

Do I have a pen?Do you have a pen?Does she has a pen?Does he has a pen?Does it have a pen?

Jamak

Afirmatif

We have a penYou have a penThey have a pen

Negatif

We do not have a pen = We don’t have a penYou do not have a pen = You don’t have a penThey do not have a pen = They don’t have a pen

Pertanyaan

Do we have a pen?Do you have a pen?Do they have a pen?

Kita bisa membuat pertanyaan dengan kata have dengan menggunakan kata kerja bantu “to do.” Sebagai contoh:

- Positif: You have a pen.- Bertanya: Do you have a pen?- Have you a pen? Ini umumnya tidak benar, walaupun terkadang ditemukan dalam bahasa Inggris Britis.

Kata kerja have sering disingkat dalam Bahasa Inggris, tetapi apabila have digunakan untuk menunjukkan kepemilikan kita tidak boleh menggunakan singkatan. Jika kita ingin menyingkat have maka kita harus menggunakan have got (lihat berikut). Contoh:

I’ve a pen. He’s a pen. Kalimat ini tidak benar.

Jika do not dan does not menyertai have maka do not atau does not bisa disingkat menjadi don’t dan doesn’t. Sebagai contoh:

He doesn’t have a pen = He does not have a pen.

Bentuk simple present dari have got adalah sebagai berikut.

Have got

Tunggal

Afirmatif

I have got a pen = I’ve got a penYou have got a pen = You’ve got a penShe has got a pen = She’s got a penHe has got a pen = He’s got a penIt has got a pen = It’s got a pen

Negatif

I have not got a pen = I haven’t got a penYou have not got a pen = You haven’t got a penShe has not got a pen = She hasn’t got a penHe has not got a pen = He hasn’t got a penIt has not got a pen = It hasn’t got a pen

Pertanyaan

Have I got a pen?Have you got a pen?Has he got a pen?Has she got a pen?Has it got a pen?

Jamak

Afirmatif

We have got a pen = We’ve got a penYou have got a pen = You’ve got a penThey have got a pen = They’ve got a pen

Negatif

We have not got a pen = We haven’t got a penYou have not got a pen = You haven’t got a penThey have not got a pen = They haven’t got a pen

Pertanyaan

Have we got a pen?Have you got a pen?Have they got a pen?

Pernyataan-pernyataan afirmatif bisa menggunakan singkatan dari have got, sebagai contoh:

I have got some food = I’ve got some food

He has got some food = He’s got some food

Singkatan negatif sebagai berikut:

I haven’t got any food = I have not got any food

She hasn’t got any food = She has not got any food

Have got merupakan bentuk yang agak tidak lazim karena ini merupakan bentuk perfect tense yang belum kita pelajari pada unit-unit sebelumnya. Juga perlu diingat bahwa kata kerja have memiliki banyak kegunaan, tetapi penjelasan diatas hanya untuk kegunaannya sebagai bentuk kepemilikan.


1) What have you got?I’ve got a new jacket. How about you?I’ve got a some new T-shirts.

2) What do your friends look like?Greg’s got brown hair, glasses and he’s really tall. Cindy’s got blond hair, blue eyes and she’s slim.Let’s meet them together!

3) I’ve got a new apartment.That’s great! What’s it like?Well, it’s got two bedrooms, a big living room and a bathroom.Has it got a nice view?Sure, you can see the ocean from my window.That’s excellent.

Kosa kata baru:

Have = mempunyaihave got = mempunyaijacket = jaketT-shirt = T-shirtlook like = kelihatan sepertiGreg – nama anak laki-lakibrown = cokelathair = rambutglasses = gelasCindy – nama anak perempuanblond = pirang

Blue = birueyes = mataslim = rampingmeet = bertemubedroom = kamar tidurliving room = ruang tamubathroom = kamar mandiview = melihatocean = lautwindow = jendela

Coba kerjakan latih-latihan berikut (tautan membuka jendela baru dan mengarah ke website lain).

Latihan 1 – Have / Have Got ->>Latihan 2 – Have / Have Got ->>Latihan 3 – Have / Have Got ->>

Grammar Exercises

Add have, has or got to the following sentences.

Example: I've got some books.

1. They

some fruit.

2. He's

lots of friends.

3. I'm busy, I

got a lot of time.

4. This apartment is great, it's

a lot of space.

5. What have you

?

6. Do you

a pen?

7. Have you

a pencil?

8. We

got any juice.

9. They don't

much money, but they've

a lot of happiness.

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Score =

Correct answers:Grammar Exercises 2


Example: got I've books some - I've got some books.

1. have do you dictionary a?

2. have got an you eraser?

3. we've a computer new got

4. Italy got many buildings old has

5. lots of hotels nice Greece has

6. a car hasn't she got

7. problems he doesn't any have

8. time lots of got we've

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Score =

Correct answers:

Unit 24 – Conjuntion ( kata penghubung and, but, or, because, so )

Conjunction atau kata penghubung adalah kata-kata yang menggabungkan dua hal atau lebih – yakni kata penghubung ini menghubungkan kalimat-kalimat dan bagian-bagian dari sebuah kalimat. Unit ini akan membahas tentang lima kata penghubung yaitu: and, but, or, so dan because.

And

And sering digunakan untuk menggabungkan kata-kata benda, misalnya:

I like spaghetti and pizza.

And juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan urutan waktu, misalnya:

I ate spaghetti for lunch and pizza for dinner.

But

But digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah pengecualian atau konflik. Misalnya:

I like spaghetti, but I don’t like hamburgers.

Or

Or digunakan untuk menunjukkan pilihan, misalnya:

You can eat spaghetti or pizza for dinner.

So

So digunakan untuk menunjukkan hasil dari sesuatu. Misalnya:

I like all Italian food, so I like pizza.

So juga bisa digunakan untuk memberikan informasi tambahan, misalnya:

I like Italian food, and so does my brother.

Because

Because digunakan untuk menunjukkan penyebab sesuatu. Misalnya:

I eat a lot of pizza because I like it

I study English because I want a good job.

Ada banyak kegunaan spesifik lain dari kata-kata penghubung diatas, tetapi biasanya berpusat pada konsep-konsep utama yang disebutkan disini. Sekarang coba gunakan beberapa kata penghubung dengan latihan-patihan berikut (tautan membukan jendela baru dan mengarah ke website lain).

Latihan 1 – Conjunction (kata penghubung) ->>Latihan 2 – Conjunction (kata penghubung) ->>Latihan 3 – Conjunction (kata penghubung) ->>

Grammar Exercises

Complete the sentences with the correct conjunction. Use and, but, or, because, or so.

Example: I have a pen and a pencil.

1. I like rice

fish for breakfast.

2. Jenny is kind

smart.

3. She wants coffee

not cake.

4. He works very hard,

he's really tired.

5. Sue can't come tomorrow

she's sick.

6. He plays soccer every day

he's very good.

7. I can meet you today

not tomorrow.

8. David likes small dogs

not big dogs.

9. She can speak French

not Itialian.

10. David's very happy

he's got a new job.

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Score =

Correct answers:

Grammar Exercises

Join the two sentences to make one sentence. Use and, but, or, because, or so.

Example: I have a pen. I have a pencil. - I have a pen and a pencil.

1. I like coffee. I like tea.

2. She has a cat. She doesn't have a dog.

3. I don't have much money. I can't buy a computer.

4. She isn't here. She's on vacation

5. Do you write with your left hand? Do you write with your right hand?

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Score =

Correct answers:

Unit 25 – Imperative ( kalimat perintah )

Imperative digunakan untuk memberikan perintah atau anjuran. Sebagai contoh: “Come here! atau “Have a cookie”.

Imperative hampir selalu tidak memiliki subjek, dan orang kedua biasanya dijadikan sebagai subjek. Contoh “Come here!” menunjukkan subjek “(you)” Come here!

Berikut beberapa situasi dimana kita dapat menggunakan imperative.

Perintah

Close the door! – Stand up! – Sit down! – Open your books!

Instruksi

To make a cup of coffee (Untuk membuat segelas kopi):

Boil some water (didihkan air)

Put some coffee in a cup (masukkan kopi ke dalam gelas)

Add some water (tambahkan air)

Drink the coffee (minum kopimnya)

Arahan

To go to the bank (untuk pergi ke bank)Turn left at Orchard Street, and then go straight (belok kiri di Jalan Mawar, dan kemudian lurus)

Penawaran dan ajakan

Have some teaCome over to our house sometime.

Let’s

Kata kerja let sering digunakan sebagai imperative untuk memberikan anjuran yang kuat. Let’s merupakan singkatan dari let us. Misalnya:

Let’s go home (mari kita pulang)

Let’s watch a movie (mari kota nonton film).


1) Be careful!Why? What’s wrong?You’re standing on my foot.Oh, sorry.

2) Hello everybody. Please sit down and open your books.Teacher, let’s play a game!No, today we study. Open your books, and let’s start!

3) Tyler, the kitchen is really dirty!Yea, I know.So do the dishes now! And vacuum the floor!Why don’t you do it?I do it every day – now it’s your turn.Oh, OK. You’re right, it’s my turn.Thanks.Your welcome.

Kosa kata baru:

Be careful = hati-hatistanding = berdirifoot = kakieverybody = semua orang (semuanya)sit down = dudukopen = bukagame = permainan

Today = hari inistart = memulaidirty = kotordishes = piringvacuum = vakumfloor = lantaievery day = setiap hariturn = giliran

Sekarang coba kerjakan beberapa latihan penggunaan imperative berikut (tautan membukan jendela baru dan mengarah ke websiten lain).

Latihan 1 – Imperatives (kalimat perintah) ->>Latihan 2 – Imperatives (kalimat perintah) ->>Latihan 3 – Imperatives (kalimat perintah) ->>

Grammar Exercises

Complete the sentences with the correct imperative.

Example: Answer the questions. (answer)

1. Don't

! (touch)

2. Let's

shopping. (go)

3.

up! (stand)

4.

down! (sit)

5.

the book in your bag. (put)

6.

your books. (open)

7. Let's

a movie. (watch)

8. Please

quite. (be)

9.

left at the church. (turn)

10.

long and prosper. (live)

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Score =

Correct answers:Grammar Exercises 2


Example: Answer the questions. (answer)

1. Please

in (come)

2.

out! (get)

3. Please

your bedroom. (clean)

4.

a little every day. (study)

5. Don't

on the grass. (walk)

6. Mummy,

me a candy! (give)

7. Don't

in the building. (run)

8. Let's

a game. (play)

9. I'm busy tonight, so don't

for me. (wait)

10. Let's

home! (go)

----------

Score =

Correct answers:

Unit 26 – Present continous tense

Present Continous Tense digunakan untuk tindakan-tindakan yang sedang terjadi saat sekarang. Misalnya, “I am studying English” berarti bahwa saya sedang dalam proses belajar bahasa Inggris sekarang.

Bentuk

Present Continous Tense dibentuk dengan menambahkan kata kerja “to be” dan bentuk -ing. Perhatikan tabel berikut:

Tunggal

Afirmatif

I am studyingYou are studyingShe is studyingHe is studyingIt is studying

Negatif

I am not studyingYou are not studyingShe is not studyingHe is not studyingIt is not studying

Pertanyaan

Am I studying?Are you studying?Is she studying?

Jamak

Afirmatif

We are studyingYou are studyingThey are studying

Negatif

We are not studyingYou are not studyingThey are not studying

Pertanyaan

Are we studying?Are you sutdying?Are they studying?

Untuk kelimat negatif kita cukup menambahkan not setelah kata kerja bantu “to be”, contoh:

I am playing -> I am not playing

Untuk pertanyaan kita menukar posisi subjek dan kata kerja bantu “to be”, sebagai contoh:

You are playing -> Are you playing?

Kegunaan

Present Continous Tense digunakan untuk tindakan-tindakan yang sedang terjadi saat sekarang. Contoh:

We are studying English (kami sedang belajar bahasa Inggris)

You are using a computer (kamu sedang menggunakan komputer)

Present Continous Tense juga digunakan untuk proses-proses yang terjadi di sekitar waktu sekarang. Misalnya:

It is raining today (hari ini hujan)

I am working in Paris this month (saya kerja di Paris bulan ini)

The world is turning (dunia berputar)

Periode waktu dari kalimat pertama diatas adalah today (hari ini), kalimat kedua satu bulan, dan kalimat terakhir selama-lamanya, tetapi semua kalimat ini membicarakan tentang proses-proses yang terjadi di sekitar waktu sekarang. Proses-proses tersebut terjadi sebelum waktu sekarang, sedang terjadi sekarang, dan akan terus berlangsung setelah sekarang. Inilah inti pokok dari Present Continous tense.

Present Continous tense juga digunakan untuk tindakan atau kebiasaan yang berulang. Pengulangan seperti ini dianggap sebagai sebuah proses yang terus berlanjut (kontinyu). Sebagai contoh:

I am getting up early this week (saya cepat bangun pekan ini)

Tentunya subjek (I) pada kalimat diatas tidak hanya bangun satu kali dalam satu pekan, tetapi selama satu pekan subjek akan bangun cepat setiap hari, jadi ini bisa dianggap sebagai satu proses.

Present Continous juga digunakan untuk rencana-rencana di masa mendatang yang sudah pasti waktunya. Contoh:

I’m going to Rome at 10.30 tomorrow (saya akan pergi ke Roma jam 10.30 besok)

She’s coming to my apartment this evening (dia akan datang ke apartemenku malam ini)

Pengejaan

Untuk membuat bentuk -ing, yang juga dikenal sebagai present participle, kita biasanya menambahkan -ing ke kata kerja. Contoh:

study – studying

eat – eating

jump – jumping

Untuk kata-kata kerja yang berakhiran -e, kita menghilangkan huruf e dan menambahkan -ing. Contoh:

write – writing: bukan writeing

skate – skating: bukan skateing.

Untuk kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan suku kata dan huruf konsonan, kita biasanya menggandakan huruf konsonan terakhir dan menambahkan -ing. Contoh:

run – running: bukan runing

cut – cutting: bukan cuting

Untuk kata kerja yang berakhiran -ie kita mengganti -ie dengan -y dan menambahkan -ing. Contoh:

lie – lying: bukan lieing


1) What are you doing?I’m studying English. What are you doing?I’m making some food. Do you want some?Sure!

2) Right now I’m working at home. My friend is talking on the ‘phone and my sister is studying Spanish. She wants to be a businesswoman, so she’s learning a new language. I usually work at the office, but today I’m working at home. It’s great fun!

3) How’s Sarah?She’s fine. She’s living in Chicago now.Really!Yes, and she’s working as a fashion designer.That’s great. Is she having a good time?Yes, she’s doing really well.

Kosa kata baru:

Make = membuatfood = makanantalk = berbicaraphone = telponsister = saudara perempuanbusinesswoman = wanita karirlearn = belajar

Language = bahasausually = biasanyaoffice = kantorfun = menyanangkanSarah – nama perempuanChicago = Chicagofashion designer = perancang busana

Coba kerjakan latihan-latihan berikut dengan menggunakan Present Continous (tautan-tautan akan membuka jendela baru dan mengarah ke website lain).

Latihan 1 – Present continous tense ->>Latihan 2 – Present continous tense ->>Latihan 3 – Present continous tense ->>

Grammar Exercises


Example: He is eating an apple. (eat)

1. She

a book. (read)

2. What

? (she / do)

3. I

a letter. (write)

4. The sun

. (shine)

5. The children

in the park. (run)

6. We

breakfast. (eat)

7. He

to work today. (not / come)

8. How

? (you / do)

9. How's the weather? It

. (rain)

10. You

English.

----------

Score =

Correct answers:

Grammar Exercises 2

Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

Example: He is wanting an apple. - He wants an apple.

1. I am liking pizza.

2. He are playing the piano.

3. Kelly is eat lunch.

4. She is busy now, she works.

5. I'm call my mother

now.

6. It is snowing in the winter.

7. Look! It snows!

8. Are you study English?

9. I use the computer now.

.

10. I am loving my family.

----------

Score =

Correct answers:

Unit 27 – Adverb of frequency ( kata keterangan frekuensi )

Adverb of frequency menunjukkan seberapa sering sesuatu terjadi. Contoh: “I always brush my teeth” berarti saya menyikat gigi saya setiap hari.

Berikut beberapa kata keterangan frekuensi yang umum dipakai.

Keterangan

Always (selalu) - He always eats breakfast.Usually (biasanya) - He usually eats breakfast.Often (sering) – He often eats breakfast.Sometimes (kadang-kadang) – He sometimes eats breakfast.Never (tidak pernah) – He never eats breakfast.

Untuk aktivitas yang tidak sering kita dapat menggunakan:

Don’t usually (tidak biasanya) - He doesn’t usually eat breakfast.

Frekuensi

100%80%60%40%-50%

-0%

-

20%

Kata keterangan frekuensi afirmatif/negatif

Kata keterangan frekuensi afirmatif bisa dibuat menjadi negatif, contoh:

- I don’t always eat rice for breakfast.- He doesn’t usually come home late.

Kata keterangan frekuensi negatif tidak bisa dibuat menjadi negatif, contoh:

- I don’t never eat rice for breakfast – Ini tidak tepat

Posisi kata keterangan frekuensi

Posisi kata keterangan dalam bahasa Inggris cukup bervariasi. Akan tetapi sebagai aturan umum kata keterangan frekuensi diletakkan sebelum kata kerja utama. Contoh:

Kalimatkalimat berikut sudah benar: “sometimes” ditempatkan sebelum kata kerja utama “play”

We sometimes play sports.

We don’t often play sports.

Kalimat-kalimat berikut tidak tepat:

We play sometimes sports.

We don’t play often sports.

Kata keterangan frekuensi juga bisa ditempatkan di posisi lain, contoh:

We play sports sometimes.

Pada kalimat diatas kata keterangan frekuensi terletak di akhir kalimat.

Sometimes we come home late.

Peletakan di awal kalimat juga dibenarkan, khususnya ketika kita ingin menambahkan penekanan pada apa yang diucapkan.


1) What do you do at the weekend?I always go out on Saturday. Sometimes I go to a restaurant, and sometimes I watch a movie. I never go to concerts, but I often go to my friend’s house. I always have a good time!

2) What kind of person are you?Well, I’m friendly and outgoing, and I’m usually very happy. I don’t often complain, and I never shout or get really angry. How about you?I’m friendly too, and I’m a little shy.I’m always happy, but sometimes I’m very busy. I always try to have a happy face.Me too!

3) What are some customs in your country?We always bow to people we meet, and we never joke about people’s names.That’s good. Here we never ask about people’s salary, it’s rude. Also we usually aren’t late for meetings.That’s good too!

Kosa kata baru:

Weekend = akhir pekanalways = selalusometimes = kadang-kadangwatch = nontonmovie = filmnever = tidak pernahconcert = konseroften = seringwhat kind = jenis apaperson = orangfriendly = ramahoutgoing = suka pergi-pergiusually = biasanyacomplain = mengeluhshout = berteriak

get angry = marahshy = malubusy = sibukface = wajahcustom = adat kebiasaancountry = negarabow = tundukpeople = orangmeet = bertemujoke = leluconsalary = gajirude = tidak sopanlate = terlambatmeeting = pertemuan

Sekarang coba kerjakan latihan-latihan berikut menggunakan kata keterangan frekuensi (tautan-tautan akan membuka jendela baru dan mengarah ke website lain)

Latihan 1 – Adverbs of frequency ->>Latihan 2 – Adverbs of frequency ->>Latihan 3 – Adverbs of frequency ->>

Grammar Exercises


Example: get always up you 7.00 at. - You always get up at 7.00.

1. sometimes at We restaurant a eat.

2. happy always Shane is.

3. doesn't always She take a taxi.

4. often listens music Tom to.

5. is Paul never late.

6. Sally to sometimes gym goes the.

7. Dad cook sometimes dinner.

8. usually well do I math tests in.

9. looks William good always.

10. you do often study English?

----------

Score =

Correct answers:

Grammar Exercises 2

Write about yourself. These sentences won't be marked.

Example: I often call my family.

1. I always

.

2. I often

.

3. I sometimes

.

4. I don't usually

.

5. I never

.

----------

Score =

Correct answers:

Unit 28 – Preposition of time ( kata depan yang menunjukkan waktu )

Prepositions of time menunjukkan waktu terjadinya sesuatu. Contoh: “I get up at 7.00″ menunjukkan waktu dimana saya bangun.

Beberapa preposisi waktu yang paling umum adalah: in, on, at, from, to.

In

In digunakan untuk waktu pagi (morning), sore (afternoon), dan malam (evening). Contoh:

I study Japanese in the afternoon.

He gets up early in the morning.

In juga digunakan untuk periode-periode waktu yang lain, termasuk bulan (month), musim (season), tahun (years), abad (centuries), dan zaman (ages). Contoh:

My birthday is in March.

The Portuguese came to Japan in 1542.

Flowers grow in spring.

On

On hampir selalu digunakan untuk beberapa jenis hari. Contoh:

My birthday is on March 29th.

I go to church on Sunday.

We visit my family on New Year’s Day.

Bandingkan kedua kalimat berikut:

He gets up early in the morning.

He gets up early on Monday morning

At

At digunakan untuk waktu tertentu. Misalnya:

– I study Spanish at 2.00.

– He gets up at 7.30.

– I come home at lunchtime.

At juga digunakan untuk waktu malam.

Bandingkan kedua kalimat berikut:

I sleep in the afternoon

I sleep at night

From – to

From dan to digunakan untuk menunjukkan permulaan dan akhir periode waktu yang telah ditentukan. Contoh:

I work from 9.00 to 5.00.

Our vacation is from January 5th to February 1st.


1) What are you doing at the weekend?On Saturday I’m meeting my friends at 2.00, and in the evening I’m watching a movie. On Sunday I’m not busy, so maybe we can go out together.That sounds great!

2) I’m so busy these days!How come?I get up at 6.30 in the morning, and I finish work at 8.00 in the evening. It’s a really long day.You’re so busy!I know. My boss wants our project finished in March, so we’re working really hard.I think you need a holiday.Well, in the summer I have three weeks holiday. I can’t wait!

3) Hello, this is doctor Watson’s clinic. How can I help you?Hello, this is Tyler Saunders. I’d like to make an appointment.OK, Mr. Saunders. How about on Tuesday at 3.30?I’m busy all day on Tuesday. Is Friday OK?Well, the doctor can see you in the morning at 9.30.9.30 on Friday is fine.Very good, Mr Saunders. We look forward to seeing you.Thankyou, good bye.Goodbye.

Kosa kata baru:

Evening = malammaybe = mungkinhow come = bagaimana bisafinish = selesailong = lamaknow = tahu/kenalboss = bosproject = proyekMarch = Maret

Holiday = hari libursummer = musim panasweeks = pekanwait = tungguclinic = klinikappointment = janjiTuesday = SelasaFriday = Jumat

Coba kerjakan latihan-latihan berikut dengan menggunakan preposisi waktu (tautan-tautan akan membuka jendela baru dan mengarah ke website lain).

Latihan 1 – Preposition of time ->>Latihan 3 – Preposition of time ->>Latihan 2 – Preposition of time ->>

HYPERLINK "http://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/unit24_dialogues_exs.htm" \t "_blank"

Grammar Exercises

Write the correct preposition of time: in, on, at, from, to

Example: They get up at 8.00.

1. I'm working

Saturday.

2. We have breakfast

8.30.

3. My birthday is

March, 29th.

4. I work

9.00

5.00, Monday

Friday.

5. We go jogging early

the morning.

6. My favorite TV program starts

10.00.

7. Peter's very busy these days, so he works late

night.

8. We're going to Australia

June.

----------

Score =

Correct answers:

Grammar Exercises 2

Write the correct preposition of time: in, on, at, from, to

Example: They get up at 8.00.

1. The train arrives

4.00.

2. Let's go to a restaurant

Friday.

3. There are 30 days

April.

4. I'm working

Saturday morning, but I'm free

the evening.

5. The library is open

10.00

5.30.

6. Christmas Day is

December 25th.

7. I'm busy

the morning, so let's meet

lunchtime.

----------

Score =

Correct answers:

Unit 29 – Comparatives and Superlatives ( Tingkat lebih dan Tingkat paling )

Comparative (tingkat lebih) menunjukkan kurang atau lebih sebuah atribut tertentu – yakni membandingkan dua hal atau lebih. Comparative umumnya digunakan untuk membandingkan dua hal, dan superlative (tingkat paling) digunakan untuk membandingkan tiga hal atau lebih.

Jika sudah jelas kita hanya akan membuat perbandingan dengan sesuatu yang lain, maka kita cukup menggunakan bentuk comparative. Contoh:

I am faster.

She is older.

Atau kita bisa menggunakan than sebelum sesuatu yang kita jadikan pembanding. Contoh:

I am faster than John.

She is taller than me.

Bentuk superlative (tingkat paling) tidak menggunakan than dan selalu didahuluui oleh artikel definit the. Contoh:

I am the tallest student in my school.

1. Comparatives (tingkat lebih)

Kata sifat dengan 1 suku kata

Untuk membuat bentuk komparatif dari sebuah kata sifat yang memiliki satu suku kata, kita menambahkan -er di belakang kata, contoh:

slow – slower

fast – faster

tall – taller

short – shorter

Untuk membuat perbandingan dari sebuah kata sifat yang memiliki satu suku kata dan berakhiran dengan huruf -e, kita cukup menambahkan -r. Contoh:

nice – nicer

large – larger

Jika kata sifat dengan satu suku kata yang berakhiran dengan huruf vokal dan konsonan, maka kita menggandakan huruf konsonan. Contoh:

- big – bigger

hot – hotter

thin – thinner

Kata sifat dengan 2 suku kata

Jika kata sifat memiliki dua atau lebih suku kata, kita menambahkan more sebelum kata sifat. Contoh:

This book is more expensive than that book.

This picture is more beautiful.

Akan tetapi, ada banyak pengecualian terhadap aturan satu/dua suku -kata ini.

Beberapa kata dengan 2 suku-kata memiliki sifat yang mirip dengan kata yang memiliki 1 suku-kata. Contoh:

This is easier – Benar

This is more easy – Tidak benar

This is simpler – Benar

This is more simple – Tidak benar

Dan beberapa kata sifat bisa menggunakan kedua bentuk komparatif. Contoh:

- clever – cleverer – more clever: These are all correct.- quiet – quieter – more quiet: These are all correct.

Pengecualian-pengecualian yang ada bisa dipelajari melalui kaidah-kaidah, cara terbaik untuk mempelajarinya adalah dengan mempelajarinya satu demi satu.

2. Superlative (tingkat paling)

Kata sifat dengan 1 suku-kata

Untuk membuat superlative dari sebuah kata sifat yang memiliki 1 suku kata, kita menambahkan -est, Contoh:

slow – slowest

fast – fastest

tall – tallestr

short – shortest

Jika kata sifat yang memiliki 1 suku-kata berakhiran dengan huruf vokal dan kosonan, maka kita menggandakan huruf konsonan. Contoh:

big – biggest

hot – hottest

thin – thinnest

Kata sifat dengan 2 suku-kata

Jika kata sifat memiliki 2 suku-kata atau lebih, kita menambahkan most didepan kata sifat. Contoh:

This book is the most expensive book.

This picture is the most beautiful picture in the museum.

Bentuk tidak beraturan

Ada beberapa bentuk tidak beraturan. Berikut beberapa kata sifat beserta bentuk komparatif dan superlatif yang tidak beraturan.

good – better – best

bad – worse – worst

far – farther – farthest

far – further – furthest

little – less – least

much/many – more – most

Contoh:

You are the best student in the world!

I am far from home, he is further from home, but he is the furthest from home.

Seperti biasanya, pembahasan ini cukup rumit dengan kaidah-kaidah yang ada tetapi dengan praktik dan pengalaman ini akan menjadi lebih sederhana.


1) How’s the weather in your country?The summer is much hotter than here, and the winter is also much colder. The best time is spring, it’s beautiful!

2) Which restaurant do you like?Bella Rosa is good, they’ve got good food but it’s expensive. McDonalds is cheaper, but it’s really unhealthy. I think the Vietnamese restaurant is the best, it’s the cheapest, the healthiest, and the most delicious!

3) How’s your English going?Oh, it’s much better these days. It’s easier than before, and I know more words and I can speak more confidently. It’s great.I’m really glad to hear it. Keep up the great work!

Kosa kata baru:

Weather = cuacacountry = negarasummer = musim panashotter = lebih panascolder = lebih dinginbest = terbaikexpensive = mahalcheaper = lebih murahunhealthy = tidak sehatVietnamese = orang Vietnam

Cheapest = paling murahhealthiest = paling sehatmost delicious = paling lezatbetter = lebih baikthese days = belakangan inieasier = lebih mudahbefore = sebelumknow = tahuwords = katakatamore confidently = lebih percaya diri

Coba kerjakan latihan-latihan berikut dengan menggunakan comparatives dan superlatives (tautan-tautan akan membukan jendela baru dan mengarah ke website lain)

Latihan 1 – Comparatives dan superlatives ->>Latihan 1 – Comparatives dan superlatives ->>Latihan 1 – Comparatives dan superlatives ->>

Grammar Exercises

Write the comparative form of the adjectives given.

Example: An elephant is bigger than a lion. (big)

1. The Nile river is

then the Amazon. (long)

2. I'm

than Yuri but

than Miko. (tall, short)

3. They're

than us, but we're

than them. (handsome, smart)

4. This book bag is

than that bag. (expensive)

5. This newspaper is

than that newspaper. (good)

6. Soda juice tastes

than fruit juice. (bad)

7. Today is

than yesterday. (warm)

8. This TV program is

. (interesting)

----------

Score =

Correct answers:

Grammar Exercises 2

Write the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives given.

Example: Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. (high)

1. The Nile river is

river in the world. (long)

2. Tyler is

and

person I know. (happy, kind)

3. The blue team got

score and the red team got

(good, bad)

4. This is

ticket to France. (cheap)

5. MinWoo is

student in our class. (hard-working)

6. This is

movie in the world. (boring)

7. My sister is

person in my family. (young)

8. The

word in English is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. (long)

----------

Score =

Correct answers:

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