Material for Teaching English

twelfth grade of Senior High School

Composed byNur Hidayah2201408120

Membaca

5.2 Merespon makna dan langkah retorika dalam esei yang menggunakan ragam bahasa tulis secara akurat, lancar dan berterima dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan untuk mengakses ilmu pengetahuan dalam teks berbentuk: narrative, explanation, dan discussion

Menulis

6.2 Mengungkapkan makna dan langkah retorika dalam teks monolog dengan menggunakan ragam bahasa tulis secara akurat, lancar dan berterima dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dalam teks berbentuk: narrative, explanation, dan discussion

DISCUSSION TEXT

Have you ever heard a text consisting two different point of view?

but, not all patients agree with the use of X-Ray examination.

look at the chart! 60% of people agree that an X-Ray examination is beneficial.

Task 1

Look at the picture. What do you think of the picture?

Do the environment being sacrifice for the good of the economy grwoth?

What is your opinion? Now work in group of four and discussion with your friend wether they pro or contra to the statement then write the pro and contra argumen in the table bellow.

Pro Contra

Task2

Match each word to its synonim.

1. Control A. To prevent

2. Limitation B. Suggested

3. Artificial C. Aim

4. Reasons D. Put off

5. Postpone E. Supervise

What does the text talk about?Who may want to limit their children?Why do people postpone having a baby?Why are some women suggested to avoid pregnancy ?Why people are opposing the practice of birth control?Do some religion believe that using artificial methods in controling birth is immoral? Why some religius group believe the artificial methods are immoral?

Questions

6. Advised F. Restrictiveness

7. To Avoid G. Synthetic

8. Encourages H. Support

9. Gained I. Reach

10. Purposes. J. Motivation

Task 3

Read the text below. Then answer the questions.

Birth Control

Most people agree that some form of family limitation or spacing is desirable for the good of the family and society. But individuals and groups–especially religious groups–differ sharply on the methods of birth control that they consider moral and acceptable.

Couples that practice birth control do so for various reasons. They may want to limit or space their children, or to have no children at all. Young couples often postpone having children so that both partners can work full-time. Other couples space their children so they can give each child as much attention as possible. Some women are advised by their doctors to avoid pregnancy for health reasons. In many countries with rapidly growing populations, the government encourages couples to limit the size of their families.

Even though birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the practice is continuous. Some people fear that birth control encourages sexual relations outside marriage or that government might impose birth control. Some religious groups oppose birth control on moral grounds.

Some religious groups teach that artificial methods of birth control are immoral because they separate the two purposes of intercourse in marriage–conjugal love and the procreation of children. Although they oppose all artificial birth control, they consider natural family planning acceptable.

...............................

Task 4

As you have learned about the generic strcture of the text. Let’s try to analyze the generic structure of the text. (If you have any difficulty, there is more detail explaination in the next page.)

Birth Control

Most people agree that some form of family limitation or spacing is desirable for the good of the family and society. But individuals and groups–especially religious groups–differ sharply on the methods of birth control that they consider moral and acceptable.

Discussion Text

Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints.

Social Function

To present (at least) two points of view about an issue.

Generic Structure

1. Issue: Statement Preview

2. Arguments for against or statement of differing points of view:

Point Elaboration

3. Conclusion or recommendation

Language Features

1. Introducing category or generic participant

2. Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc

3. Using Material Processes, e.g. has produced, have developed, to feed

4. Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on the hand,

however, etc

5. Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc

6. Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc

,

...............................

...............................

...............................

Resources

b. Consume

c. Cause

d. Problem

f. Production

e. Environment

g. Increase

h. Priority

i . Demand

j. Convinience

to ask for something forcefully

a useful or valuable possession or quality of a country

5. when something is convenient

4. the air, water and land in or on which people, animals and plants live

8. to use fuel, energy or time, especially in large amounts

the reason why something happens

10. a situation, person or thing needs to be dealt with or solved

9. the process of making or growing goods to be sold

2. to (make something) become larger in amount or size

something that is very important and must be dealt with before other things

Couples that practice birth control do so for various reasons. They may want to limit or space their children, or to have no children at all. Young couples often postpone having children so that both partners can work full-time. Other couples space their children so they can give each child as much attention as possible. Some women are advised by their doctors to avoid pregnancy for health reasons. In many countries with rapidly growing populations, the government encourages couples to limit the size of their families.

Even though birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the practice is continuous. Some people fear that birth control encourages sexual relations outside marriage or that government might impose birth control. Some religious groups oppose birth control on moral grounds.

Some religious groups teach that artificial methods of birth control are immoral because they separate the two purposes of intercourse in marriage–conjugal love and the procreation of children. Although they oppose all artificial birth control, they consider natural family planning acceptable.

Task 5

Match each word with the best definition for each.

The Controversy of the National Examination

ujiannasional.net

Nowadays, national examination becomes very popular among the citizen. Do you know why? It is because the citizen thinks that national examination still full of pros and contras but government still runs it. Oh, do you know what national examination is? Here, national examination is the final examination that should be done for 12 grades of senior high school that will determine the result after three years studying on senior high school. So, it makes a great deal of discussion about national examination because it’s related with student’s sake. Well, let’s reveal together the two sides of national examination

To begin with, the national examination can make equality of education in all regions in Indonesia. Because, the standard of you are able graduate is same in every place in Indonesia. So, it will stimulate all regions to upgrade their education system to get the better result on national examination. Do you know why it’s beneficial when we have that equal education? OK, I’ll tell you. When the education of all regions in Indonesia is same, it’s mean that there’s no one region left behind. All regions will get the same education level.

On the other hand, the national examination may cause negative effect for our educational system. Do you know why? The student will do everything like cheating to reach the passing grade. It’s cause the degradation of Indonesian’s morality. It such a wasting time, having the national examination, even it will make some worst condition like degradation on the moral point of view.

Besides that, the national examination, as the government has planned, is not fair. The terms not fair are because why the results of our three years learning just determine by six days examination and not all subjects that we had learned are tested. So, the national examination is not fair for what we’re doing in three years.

Well, as the result of this controversy, the government shouldn’t carry out national examination. The government should let the school having their own examination with the national standard. So, it will make the fair condition when all subject that student had learned is tested, there will be no useless word. However, national examination is still needed because it will upgrade and make the equal level of education in Indonesia.

Recommendation

Issue

preview

statement

List of supporting points Issue

List of contrastive point

Generic Structure

Read the explaination below!

Modal

(+) S + can/may/must/shall/will/could/might/should/would + V1

e.g. Jeremy can help you fixing the door.

(-) S + can/may/must/shall/will/could/might/should/would + not + V1

e.g. She could not come to the party.

(?) Can/May/Must/Shall/Will/Could/Might/Should/Would + V1?

e.g. Will you come to the party?

Question Tag

(+) S + can/may/must/shall/will/could/might/should/would + V1,

can/may/must/shall/will/could/might/should/would + not + pronoun of the S?

e.g. Jeremy can help you fixing the door, can’t he?

We will join the tour, won’t us?

(-)S + can/may/must/shall/will/could/might/should/would + not + V,

can/may/must/shall/will/could/might/should/would + pronoun of the S?

e.g. She could not come to the party, could she?

They should not go home early, should them?

Can

1). Menyatakan kemampuan

(Expressing Ability)

e.g. She can speak three languages

2). Meminta izin (Asking for

Permission)

e.g. Can I borrow your dictionary

3). Menyatakan Permohonan Yang

Sopan (Expressing Polite Request)

e.g. Can you show me the way to the

Garuda Hotel?

Could

1). Menyatakan kemampuan pada

waktu lampau (Expressing ability in

the past time)

e.g. She could swim well when she

was young.

2). Menyatakan Permohonan Yang

Sopan (Expressing Polite Request)

e.g. : could you help me please?

May Might

The Controversy of the National Examination

ujiannasional.net

Nowadays, national examination becomes very popular among the citizen. Do you know why? It is because the citizen thinks that national examination still full of pros and contras but government still runs it. Oh, do you know what national examination is? Here, national examination is the final examination that should be done for 12 grades of senior high school that will determine the result after three years studying on senior high school. So, it makes a great deal of discussion about national examination because it’s related with student’s sake. Well, let’s reveal together the two sides of national examination

To begin with, the national examination can make equality of education in all regions in Indonesia. Because, the standard of you are able graduate is same in every place in Indonesia. So, it will stimulate all regions to upgrade their education system to get the better result on national examination. Do you know why it’s beneficial when we have that equal education? OK, I’ll tell you. When the education of all regions in Indonesia is same, it’s mean that there’s no one region left behind. All regions will get the same education level.

On the other hand, the national examination may cause negative effect for our educational system. Do you know why? The student will do everything like cheating to reach the passing grade. It’s cause the degradation of Indonesian’s morality. It such a wasting time, having the national examination, even it will make some worst condition like degradation on the moral point of view.

Besides that, the national examination, as the government has planned, is not fair. The terms not fair are because why the results of our three years learning just determine by six days examination and not all subjects that we had learned are tested. So, the national examination is not fair for what we’re doing in three years.

Well, as the result of this controversy, the government shouldn’t carry out national examination. The government should let the school having their own examination with the national standard. So, it will make the fair condition when all subject that student had learned is tested, there will be no useless word. However, national examination is still needed because it will upgrade and make the equal level of education in Indonesia.

1). Meminta Izin (Asking for

Permission)

e.g. May I read this book?

2). Menyatakan Kemungkinan

(Expressing possibility)

e.g. He may come lat this morning.

1). Bentuk lampau dari may

e.g. She said that i might go home early.

2). Menyatakan Kemungkinan besar

(Expressing Strong Posibility)

e.g. She might be at home today.

Must

1). Menyatakan kebutuhan (Expressing

necessity)

e.g. : We must eat nutrious food.

2). Menyatakan Kesimpulan/kepastian

(Expressing conclusion)

e.g. She has been in England for

many years. She must speak

English fluently.

3). Menyatakan kewajiban (Expressing

Obligation)

e.g. The Students must study

regularly.

Will

1). Menyatakan Rencana (Expressing

plan)

e.g. I know you have a lot of problem.

That’s way I will help you.

2). Menyatakan Prediksi (Expressing

Prediction)

e.g. Thomas will pas his examination

because he studies very hard

everyday.

Shall*

1). Menyatakan Rencana (Expressing

plan)

e.g. I/ We shall be here tommorow.

Ought to

1). Menyatakan Saran (Expressing

Suggestion)

e.g. You ought to look after your

children well.

Should

1). Menyatakan saran (Expressing

Suggestion)

e.g. You look sick. You should go to

the doctor.

Would

1). Menyatakan prmohonan sopan

(Expressing a polite request)

e.g. Would you please open the door?

Would you mind opening the door?

* only use for I and We

Complete the sentences with can, may, must, should, or could!

1. You .................... call me Mr. Albert.

2. You .................... answer in English.

3. I ....................... speak English Well today.

4. When I was 17 I ...................... play football well.

5. You ................ stay here longer.

6. She is very busy but she .................... have a holiday.

7. Dorce doesn’t know what to do. She .................... contact someone.

8. They ......................... withdrow some money. They have to pay his car installment.

9. Dick .................... go to the jazz concert tonight. He has another appointment.

10. He wasn’t hungry Yesterday. He .............. have his breakfast.

Task 5

Read the following text then answer the questions.

Convenience or Care?

When something issued by someone, we say it has been consumed. We as consumers use many things, both natural and processed. We consume more of the Earth’s resources than other animals do and, as a result, we cause problems for the environment.

Like all animals, we need clean air and water, food and shelter for survival. Unlike other animals, however, we have certain “want”. These are items that are not necessary for our survival, but that we want because they make our lives easier or more enjoyable.

Environments claims that a great deal of waste is created by both the production and the consumption of these items or product. Disposable products, such a pens, take away food containers, plates, shavers and cutlery, are made using the Earth’s resources. When these products are thrown away, the resources are lost.

Another example of waste is the unnecessary packaging on many products. The material is often not recycled and used again.

Throwing thing away also increases pollution. The amount of disposable plastic litter that ends up in waterways is a serious problem. When this waste reaches the oceans, it can kill marine life.

Industrialist counter these arguments with their own point of view. They claim that consumer’s expect to be able to purchase food which is attractively presented, prepackaged to extent its life and easy to store. In a busy  society, convenience is a priority. Products which make life easier, era in demand. Industrialist argue that they cater to this perceived need.

Let’s say itPronounciation and StressResource /rɪˈzɔːs/

Consume /kənˈsjuːm/

cause /kɔːz/

problem /ˈprɒb.ləm/

environment /ɪnˈvaɪ ə  .rə n  .mənt/

production /prəˈdʌk.ʃ ə n/

Increase /ɪnˈkriːs/

Packaging is also big business and provides jobs for many people who might otherwise be unemployed and a burden to society.

Environmentalist declare that for thousands of year, people  survived perfectly well with re-usable products. However, people of the twenty-first century have become used to wing in a ‘thrown-away’ society. It is up to each one of us to dispose of waste products carefully, recycle as much as possible and to reduce the stress on our environment. Think when buying pre-packaged goods and consider whether the same products can be bought without the extra wrappings. Let’s make the best of what we have.

Task 6

Conjunction

Conjungtion are words that arae used to connect words or group pf words or sentence. There are a lot of conjunction in English. Here are several conjunction that can help you learning this chapter.

Choose the one word or phrase of conjunction that the best completes the sentence!

1. ....................birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the practice is continuous.

a. even though c. becauseb. in spite of d. Since

2. ............... her hard work and leadership skills, Marian got a promotion.a. since c. due tob. as d. Because

3. Well, as a result of this controversy, many people use traditional health cure to avoid the high cost of hospital care. ............., hospitals still insist on having X-Ray examinations on patients to get an accurate diagnosis although the cost is very high.

a. while c. instead ofb. moreover d. However

4. I think we should stay inside today ................. the weather is very cold and wet.a. so c. due tob. as d. Therefore

5. For example, many women have to spend their time more in their career as it grows more challenging, ........... they have only limited time left for their family.

a. so c. in caseb. due to d. Furthemore

6. Although there are few reasons why people don’t want to follow MLM, it is not as bed, it depends on how people control and motivate themselves. Moreover, the marketing strategy has been analyzed by goverment.

a. in spite of c. sinceb. in order that d. Although

7. The murder suspects wanted to tell the police the truth; ............., they were afraid.a. nevertheless c. moreoverb. otherwise d. Therefore

8. Although they oppose all artificial birth control, they consider natural family planning acceptable.

a. despite of c. althoughb. however d. For

9. ........... the great inconvinience of travelling many TV reporters went to the flooded area for their reports.

a. Despite c. althoughb. In addition to d. In case of

10. Living alone can be difficult; ........................., many single people prefer to live with their family.

a. however c. thereforeb. moreover d. Nevertheless

...........Pro conta...............///

write your own discussion text. chose one of the topic below.a.b.c.d.

Chapter Test

Sutiyoso  will be given an Asian Air Quality Management Award Friday at an International Conference in Yogyakarta, but some people have questions whether he really deserved the honor. The critics say Sutiyoso has done little to reduce air pollution in the capital.

I think Sutiyoso deserved the award. Although we haven't seen solid air quality management, he has restored the National Monument (Monas) Park to a green cool area where families can go to jog or have a picnic.

He also initiated the busway project, which I believe is a good step toward reducing air pollution in Jakarta.

However, the government has to take further action, such as limiting the number of motorcycles in Jakarta. All of the motorcycles on the roads contribute to air pollution in the city.

On the other hand, some people can't understand how Sutiyoso can win this award because he hasn't made any improvement in Jakarta's air management.

Jakarta is becoming more polluted as the authorities cut down more and more trees for transportation projects. And they don't bother to plant new trees to replace the old ones, let alone develop new green areas.

The authorities should build more parks in the city to make Jakarta greener and less polluted. Monas park is greener now, but the fences prevent people from getting in. In countries like Singapore and Australia, public parks are pleasant places to hang out.

Questions

1. Why did people say that Sutiyoso deserved the award?a. Monas park is green now.b. Jakarta is becoming more polluted.c. He has improved Jakarta's air management.d. He limited the number of motorcycles in the city.e. He restored the Monas park and initiated the busway project.

2. What has Sutiyoso done to reduce air pollution in Jakarta?a. Initiating the bus project.b. Holding an international conference.c. Limiting the number of motorcycles.d. Building fences around the Monas park.e. Cutting down more and more trees.

3. What is the purpose of the text?a. To explain why Sutiyoso got an Asian Air Quality Management Award.b. To present point of views about the award given to Sutiyoso.c. To tell readers how to provide solid air quality management.d. To describe an Asian Air Quality Management Award.e. To assure readers that Sutiyoso deserved the award.

4. It is not easy to get in the Monas park because ...a. more and more trees were cut down.b. It is use for having a picnic.c. It is use for jogging  track.d. There is a cool area.e. There are fences.

Sources :

Sudarso and Brata Paidi Dewa. 2007. Paduan Belajar Kelas 12 SMA IPA/ IPS (Bahasa inggris). Jakarta : Graha Primagama.Grace, Eudia and Sudarwati, Th. M. 2006. Look Ahead an English course for Senior High School Year X. Jakarta : Erlangga.2007. Kunci Sukses UN & SPMB ’08. Gama Jogja.www.fadlieha.co.cc/2011/04/ujian-nasional-sma-soal-dan-pembahasan.html

isnagerrardlova.blogspot.com/2010/12/discussion-text-controversy-of-national.html

www.smakhzmusthafa.sch.id/2010/03/discussion-text/