Web Server Dengan Debian Etch 4.0

Halaman 34Panduan Praktekum Administrasi Server

WEB SERVER DENGAN DEBIAN ETCH 4.0

Rumus menghitung subneting

IP ADDRESS : 192.168.1.1/28 (lihat pada tabel subneting 255.255.255.240)

256-240= 16

Blok kelipatan 0,16,32,64, …

Ip Pertama : 192.168.1.1 NAMA DOMAIN : smkbs.sch.id

Ip Terakhir : 192.168.1.14 Broadcast : 192.168.1.15

Studi Kasus

www.smkbs.sch.id alamatnya 192.168.1.1/28

tkj.smkbs.sch.id alamatnya 192.168.1.2/28

Aplikasi yang harus konfigurasi :

1. Setting Network2. DHCP3. DNS4. Apache25. PHP6. Virtualhost

A. Setting Network

Langkah setting network

1. pilih desktop, pilih administration, klik networking2. pilh nic yang aktif, klik propertis

masukan :

IP addres 192.168.1.1

subnetmask 255.255.255.240

Getway 192.168.1.1

isikan pada menu general

hostname : smkbs

domain name : smkbs.sch.id

Isikan pada DNS server : 192.168.1.1

isikan pada search domain : smkbs.sch.id

setelah selesai klik ok

a

tau konfigurasi pada direktori /etc/network/interfaces

# pico /etc/network/interfaces

# The primary network interfaceallow-hotplug eth0iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.240 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.15 gateway 192.168.1.1 # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed dns-nameservers 192.168.1.1 dns-search smkbs.sch.id

untuk keluar dan save tekan tombol ctrl+x >y (yes)

lakukan pengecekan IP Address dengan perintah ifconfig

:

debian:~# ifconfig

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:BF:5E:19:C9

inet addr:192.168.1.1 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::250:bfff:fe5e:19c9/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:902 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:2081 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:116241 (113.5 KiB) TX bytes:141221 (137.9 KiB)

Interrupt:5 Base address:0xa800

eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:A0:00:02:FE:AA

UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1




RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

Interrupt:11 Base address:0xac00

lo Link encap:Local Loopback

inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1




RX bytes:97805 (95.5 KiB) TX bytes:97805 (95.5 KiB)

Konfigurasi hosts

smkbs:/etc/bind# pico /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost smkbs.sch.id

192.168.1.1 smkbs.sch.id smkbs.sch.id

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts

::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback

fe00::0 ip6-localnet

ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix

ff02::1 ip6-allnodes

ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

ff02::3 ip6-allhosts

Konfigurasi resolv.conf

smkbs:/etc/bind# pico /etc/resolv.conf

search smkbs.sch.id

domain smkbs.sch.id

nameserver 192.168.1.1

Lakukan Pengecekan dengan ping

smkbs:/home/smk# ping smkbs.sch.id

PING localhost (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.209 ms



Jika berhasil maka akan muncul seperti diatas jika gagal cek pada hosts dan resolv.conf

B. DHCP

Langkah – langkah Instalasi DHCP

smkbs:/home/smk# apt-get install dhcp3-server

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree... Done

The following NEW packages will be installed:

dhcp3-server

0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

Need to get 0B/292kB of archives.

After unpacking 836kB of additional disk space will be used.

Preconfiguring packages ...

Selecting previously deselected package dhcp3-server.

(Reading database ... 72002 files and directories currently installed.)

Unpacking dhcp3-server (from .../dhcp3-server_3.0.4-13_i386.deb) ...

Setting up dhcp3-server (3.0.4-13) ...

Generating /etc/default/dhcp3-server...

Starting DHCP server: dhcpd3 failed to start - check syslog for diagnostics.

invoke-rc.d: initscript dhcp3-server, action "start" failed.

Langkah konfigurasi DHCP

1. backup terlebih dahulu file dhcpd.conf pada /etc/dhcp3

debian:~#cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf_orig

2. edit dan ketikan pada dhcpd.conf ( gunakan perintah pico utk mengedit teks)

contoh :

debian:~# cd /etc/dhcp3

debian:/etc/dhcp3# pico dhcpd.conf

# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.

#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {

# range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;

# option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;

# option domain-name "internal.example.org";

# option routers 10.5.5.1;

# option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;

# default-lease-time 600;

# max-lease-time 7200;

#}

Lakukan pengeditan teks pada dhcpd.conf

hapus tanda ( #) dan tuliskan konfigurasinya menjadi :

# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.240 {

range 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.14;

option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;

option domain-name "smkbs.sch.id";

option routers 192.168.1.1;

option broadcast-address 192.168.1.15;

default-lease-time 600;

max-lease-time 7200;

3. Tekan Ctrl x dan jawab yes untuk menyimpan teks dan keluar

4. lakukan perintah /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart

debian:/etc/dhcp3# /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart

Stopping DHCP server: dhcpd3.

Starting DHCP server: dhcpd3 failed to start - check syslog for diagnostics.

5. ketikan /etc/dhcp3# netstat -uap

( untuk melihat aktivitas DHCP)

debian:/etc/dhcp3# netstat -uap

Active Internet connections (servers and established)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

udp 0 0 *:32768 *:* 2270/named

udp 0 0 *:nfs *:* -

udp 0 0 *:32770 *:* 2284/lwresd

udp 0 0 *:32772 *:* 2638/avahi-daemon:

udp 0 0 *:32773 *:* -

udp 0 0 *:32774 *:* 2850/rpc.statd

udp 0 0 debian.com:netbios-ns *:* 2778/nmbd

udp 0 0 *:netbios-ns *:* 2778/nmbd

udp 0 0 *:906 *:* 2850/rpc.statd

udp 0 0 debian.com:netbios-dgm *:* 2778/nmbd

udp 0 0 *:netbios-dgm *:* 2778/nmbd

udp 0 0 localhost.localdoma:921 *:* 2284/lwresd

udp 0 0 *:817 *:* 2761/rpc.mountd

udp 0 0 debian.com:domain *:* 2270/named

udp 0 0 localhost.locald:domain *:* 2270/named

udp 0 0 *:mdns *:* 2638/avahi-daemon:

udp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* 2017/portmap

udp 0 0 *:ipp *:* 2563/cupsd

udp6 0 0 *:32769 *:* 2270/named

udp6 0 0 *:32771 *:* 2284/lwresd

udp6 0 0 *:domain *:* 2270/named

6. ketikan perintah tail -n 100 /var/log/syslog

untuk mengetahui DHCP telah berhasil dijalankan)

debian:/etc/dhcp3# tail -n 100 /var/log/syslog

Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost syslogd 1.4.1#18: restart.

Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost anacron[2886]: Job `cron.daily' terminated

Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost anacron[2886]: Normal exit (1 job run)

Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost avahi-daemon[2638]: Interface eth0.IPv4 no longer relevant for mDNS.

Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost avahi-daemon[2638]: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface eth0.IPv4 with address 192.168.1.1.

Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost avahi-daemon[2638]: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.1.1 on eth0.

Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost kernel: eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1

Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost avahi-daemon[2638]: New relevant interface eth0.IPv4 for mDNS.

Nov 7 06:09:26 localhost avahi-daemon[2638]: Joining mDNS multicast group on interface eth0.IPv4 with address 192.168.1.1.

C. DNS

Instalasi & konfigurasi DNS

Instalasi BIND

smkbs:/home/smk# apt-get install bind



Suggested packages:

bind-doc

The following packages will be REMOVED:

bind9


bind




Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y


Removing bind9 ...

Stopping domain name service...: bind.

Selecting previously deselected package bind.


Unpacking bind (from .../b/bind/bind_8.4.7-1_i386.deb) ...

Replaced by files in installed package dnsutils ...

Setting up bind (8.4.7-1) ...

Installing new version of config file /etc/bind/named.conf ...

Installing new version of config file /etc/bind/named.conf.local ...

Installing new version of config file /etc/bind/named.conf.options ...

Starting domain name service: named.

Konfigurasi named.conf

zone "localhost" {

type master;

file "/etc/bind/db.local";

};

zone "127.in-addr.arpa" {

type master;

file "/etc/bind/db.127";

};


type master;


};

Edit file named.conf menjadi

/ be authoritative for the localhost forward and reverse zones, and for

// broadcast zones as per RFC 1912

zone "smkbs.sch.id" {

type master;

file "/etc/bind/forward";

};

zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {

type master;

file "/etc/bind/reverse";

};


type master;


};

Lakukan pengcopian ke 2 file pada direktori /etc/bind yaitu db.local menjadi forward dan db.127 menjadi reverse

smkbs:/etc/bind# cp /etc/bind/db.local /etc/bind/forward

smkbs:/etc/bind# cp /etc/bind/db.127 /etc/bind/reverse

Konfigurasi Forward

smkbs:/etc/bind# pico forward

;

; BIND data file for local loopback interface

;

$TTL 604800

@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (

1 ; Serial

604800 ; Refresh

86400 ; Retry

2419200 ; Expire

604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL

;

@ IN NS localhost.

@ IN A 127.0.0.1

edit text menjadi :

;


;

$TTL 604800

@ IN SOA smkbs.sch.id. root.smkbs.sch.id. (

1 ; Serial

604800 ; Refresh

86400 ; Retry

2419200 ; Expire


;

@ IN NS smkbs.sch.id.

@ IN A 192.168.1.1

IN MX 10 mail.smkbs.sch.id.

ns IN A 192.168.1.1

www IN CNAME @

tkj IN CNAME @

mail IN CNAME @

Konfigurasi Reverse

;

; BIND reverse data file for local loopback interface

;

$TTL 604800

@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (

1 ; Serial

604800 ; Refresh

86400 ; Retry

2419200 ; Expire


;

@ IN NS localhost.

1.0.0 IN PTR localhost.

Edit text menjadi :

;


;

$TTL 604800


1 ; Serial

604800 ; Refresh

86400 ; Retry

2419200 ; Expire


;


1 IN PTR smkbs.sch.id.

Lakukan Pengecekan dengan perintah ping

smkbs:/home/smk# ping smkbs.sch.id

PING localhost (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.




smkbs:/home/smk# ping www.smkbs.sch.id

PING smkbs.sch.id (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from smkbs.sch.id.sch.id (192.168.1.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.117 ms




Lakukan Pengecekan dengan perintah nslookup

smkbs:/home/smk# nslookup smkbs.sch.id

Server: 192.168.1.1

Address: 192.168.1.1#53

Name: smkbs.sch.id

Address: 192.168.1.1

smkbs:/home/smk# nslookup www.smkbs.sch.id

Server: 192.168.1.1

Address: 192.168.1.1#53

www.smkbs.sch.id canonical name = smkbs.sch.id.

Name: smkbs.sch.id

Address: 192.168.1.1

Lakukan Pengecekan dengan perintah host

smkbs:/home/smk# host www.smkbs.sch.id

www.smkbs.sch.id is an alias for smkbs.sch.id.

smkbs.sch.id has address 192.168.1.1

smkbs.sch.id mail is handled by 10 mail.smkbs.sch.id.

Lakukan Pengecekan dengan perintah dig

smkbs:/home/smk# dig www.smkbs.sch.id

; <<>> DiG 9.3.4 <<>> www.smkbs.sch.id

;; global options: printcmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 52928

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;www.smkbs.sch.id. IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.smkbs.sch.id. 604800 IN CNAME smkbs.sch.id.

smkbs.sch.id. 604800 IN A 192.168.1.1

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

smkbs.sch.id. 604800 IN NS smkbs.sch.id.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

smkbs.sch.id. 604800 IN A 192.168.1.1

;; Query time: 3 msec

;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1)

;; WHEN: Wed Apr 7 20:28:53 2010

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 94

Edit index.html pada direktori /etc/apache2/sites-default

Cek dibrowser melalui Epiphany Web Browser

www.smkbs.sch.id atau dengan IP Address 192.168.1.1

D. Instalasi Apache2

smkbs:/home/smk# apt-get install apache2




apache2


Need to get 0B/38.6kB of archives.

After unpacking 86.0kB of additional disk space will be used.

Selecting previously deselected package apache2.


Unpacking apache2 (from .../apache2_2.2.3-4_all.deb) ...

Setting up apache2 (2.2.3-4) ...

E. Instalasi PHP5

smkbs:/home/smk# apt-get install php5



The following extra packages will be installed:

libapache2-mod-php5 php5-common

Suggested packages:

php-pear

The following packages will be REMOVED:

libapache2-mod-php4


libapache2-mod-php5 php5 php5-common




Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y


Removing libapache2-mod-php4 ...

Module php4 disabled; run /etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload to fully disable.

Selecting previously deselected package php5-common.


Unpacking php5-common (from .../php5-common_5.2.0-8+etch1_i386.deb) ...

Selecting previously deselected package libapache2-mod-php5.

Unpacking libapache2-mod-php5 (from .../libapache2-mod-php5_5.2.0-8+etch1_i386.d eb) ...

Selecting previously deselected package php5.

Unpacking php5 (from .../php5_5.2.0-8+etch1_all.deb) ...

Setting up php5-common (5.2.0-8+etch1) ...

Setting up libapache2-mod-php5 (5.2.0-8+etch1) ...

Creating config file /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini with new version

Forcing reload of web server (apache2)....

Setting up php5 (5.2.0-8+etch1) ...

Konfigurasi php

smkbs:/home/smk# cd /var/www

smkbs:/var/www# pico info.php

ketikan :

<?

phpinfo ();

?>

F. Konfigurasi Virtualhost dengan IP Address yang berbeda

www.smkbs.sch.id 192.168.1.1

tkj.smkbs.sch.id 192.168.1.2

1. Buat terlebih dahulu IP Address Alias

smkbs:/var/www# /sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.1.2

Lakukan perintah untuk mengaktifkan IP Address alias

/etc/init.d/networking restart

Cek IP address alias yang kita buat dengan perintah :

# ifconfig

Lakukan perintah ping

# ping 192.168.1.2

PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms



2. Buat website direktori /var/www

smkbs:/var/www # mkdir -p /var/www/www.smkbs.sch.id/public_html

smkbs:/var/www # mkdir -p /var/www/tkj.smkbs.sch.id/public_html

edit text

smkbs:/var/www/www.smkbs.sch.id/public_html# pico index.html

smkbs:/var/www/tkj.smkbs.sch.id/public_html# pico index.html

Buat web www.smkbs.sch.id

<html> Selamat datang di WWW.SMKBS.SCH.ID </html>

simpan dengan nama index.html

smkbs:/var/www# mkdir -p /var/www/tkj.smkbs.sch.id/public_html

smkbs:/var/www/tkj.smkbs.sch.id# pico index.html

Buat web tkj.smkbs.sch.id

<html> selamat datang di tkj.smkbs.sch.id </html>

3. Merubah konfigurasi DNS forward dan reverse

Konfigurasi Forward

;


;

$TTL 604800


1 ; Serial

604800 ; Refresh

86400 ; Retry

2419200 ; Expire


;


@ IN A 192.168.1.1

IN MX 10 mail.smkbs.sch.id.

ns IN A 192.168.1.1

www IN A 192.168.1.1

tkj IN A 192.168.1.2

mail IN A 192.168.1.1

Konfigurasi Reverse

;


;

$TTL 604800


1 ; Serial

604800 ; Refresh

86400 ; Retry

2419200 ; Expire


;


1 IN PTR smkbs.sch.id.

1 IN PTR mail.smkbs.sch.id.

2 IN PTR tkj.smkbs.sch.id.

Konfigurasi pada default pada direktori /etc/apache2/sites-available

masuk ke direktori /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

Perintah :

smkbs:~# cd /etc/apache2/sites-available

smkbs:/etc/apache2/sites-available# ls

default

smkbs:/etc/apache2/sites-available# pico default

Konfigurasi file default

Konfigurasi pada default pada direktori /etc/apache2/sites-available

masuk ke direktori /etc/apache2/sites-available

Jangan lupa back up terlebih dahulu default menjadi nama file master

smkbs:~# cd /etc/apache2/sites-available

smkbs:/etc/apache2/sites-available# ls

default

smkbs:/etc/apache2/sites-available# pico default

Ketikan pada bagian terakir pada default

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.1>

ServerAdmin [email protected]

DocumentRoot /var/www/www.smkbs.sch.id/public_html

ServerName www.smkbs.sch.id

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.2>

ServerAdmin [email protected]

Documentroot /var/www/tkj.smkbs.sch.id/public_html

ServerName tkj.smkbs.sch.id

</VirtualHost>

Konfigurasi pada direktori /etc/apache2/ports.conf

smkbs:/etc/apache2# cd /etc/apache2

smkbs:/etc/apache2# ls

apache2.conf envvars mods-available ports.conf sites-enabled

conf.d httpd.conf mods-enabled sites-available

smkbs:/etc/apache2# pico ports.conf

Ketikan :

NameVirtualhost 192.168.1.1

Listen 80

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>

Listen 443

</Ifmodule>

Lakukan service :

1. smkbs:/etc/apache2# /etc/init.d/bind restart

Stopping domain name service: named.

Starting domain name service: named.

2. smkbs:/etc/apache2# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Forcing reload of web server (apache2)...apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using smkbs.sch.id for ServerName

apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using smkbs.sch.id for ServerName

3. smkbs:/etc/apache2# /etc/init.d/apache2 start

Starting web server (apache2)...apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using smkbs.sch.id for ServerName

httpd (pid 4007) already running

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