WAHANA PERMAINAN AIR (water park) di Kabupaten …repository.unika.ac.id/152/1/08.11.0114 Anabila...
Transcript of WAHANA PERMAINAN AIR (water park) di Kabupaten …repository.unika.ac.id/152/1/08.11.0114 Anabila...
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PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LXII, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2013/ 2014
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
WAHANA PERMAINAN AIR (water park) di
Kabupaten Indramayu
Penekanan Desain
Arsitektur Hundertwasser
Permasalahan Dominan
Menciptakan Sistem Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada Setiap Wahana dan Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung
Melalui Teknik Vegetasi
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Disusun Oleh:
Anabila Soraya – 08.11.0114
Dosen Pembimbing:
Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
April, 2014
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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
Projek Akhir Arsitektur
Periode LXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 2013 / 2014
Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain
Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata
Semarang
Judul : Wahana Permainan Air (water park)
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Hundertwasser
Fokus Kajian : Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung Melalui Sistem
Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada Setiap Wahana
dan Melalui Teknik Vegetasi pada Tempat Wisata
Penyusun : ANABILA SORAYA NIM : 08.11.0114
Pembimbing : Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT
Penguji : Prof.Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto
Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT
Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT
Semarang, 10 April 2014
Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan
Dekan
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT
NIDN 611086201
Ketua
Program Studi Arstektur
Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT
NIDN 625116302
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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
Projek Akhir Arsitektur
Periode LXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 2013 / 2014
Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain
Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata
Semarang
Judul : Wahana Permainan Air (water park)
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Hundertwasser
Fokus Kajian : Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung Melalui Sistem
Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada Setiap Wahana
dan Melalui Teknik Vegetasi pada Tempat Wisata
Penyusun : ANABILA SORAYA NIM : 08.11.0114
Pembimbing : Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT
Penguji : Prof.Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto
Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT
Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT
Semarang, 10 April 2014
Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan
Pembimbing
Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT
NIDN 629056402
Penguji
Prof. Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto
NIDN 602066801
Penguji
Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT
NIDN 628126101
Penguji
Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT
NIDN 627066701
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SURAT PERNYATAAN
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya :
Nama : ANABILA SORAYA
N I M : 08.11.0114
Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode Semester
Genap TA. 2013 / 2014 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan
Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang
Judul : Wahana Permainan Air (water park)
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Hundertwasser
Fokus Kajian : Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung Melalui Sistem
Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada Setiap Wahana
dan Melalui Teknik Vegetasi pada Tempat Wisata
Pembimbing : Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT
NIDN : 629056402
Adalah bukan karya plagiasi. Bila dikemudian hari diketemukan tindak plagiasi
dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan di atas
siap menerima segala konsekuensinya.
Semarang, 10 April 2014
Penulis
ANABILA SORAYA
NIM : 08.11.0114
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PRAKATA
Pertama-tama saya mengucapkan puji syukur atas kehadirat Tuhan
Yang Maha Esa, telah melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis
dapat menyelesaikan Prposal Proyek Akhir Arsitektur ini.
Penulisan proposal ini dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi persyaratan
menempuh Mata Kuliah Proyek Akhir Arsitektur pada Jurusan Arsitektur
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.
Pada kesemapatan ini penulis hendak mengucapkan terima kasih
kepada :
1. Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT selaku Ketua koordinator PAA Periode LXV
sekaligus dosen pembimbing
2. Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan StB, MTA selaku dosen Koordinator Studio PAA
Perode LXV
3. Prof. Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto, Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT, dan Ir. Robert
Rianto W, MT selaku dosen penguji yang telah member banyak
masukan.
4. Bapak, Ibu serta kakak-kakak ku yang selalu member doa, dukungan
materi dan moral, semangat dan perhatiannya.
5. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu
Atas segala bimbingan, pengarahan, dan sarannya, penulis
mengucapkan banyak terima kasih. Semoga proposal ini dapat bermanfaat
bagi semua pihak.
Semarang, 15 April 2014
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul ........................................................................................ i
Halaman Pengesahan ............................................................................ ii
Halaman Pengesahan ............................................................................ iv
Prakata ................................................................................................... v
Daftar Isi ................................................................................................ vi
Daftar Gambar ....................................................................................... xi
Daftar Tabel ........................................................................................... xx
Daftar Diagram ...................................................................................... xxiii
Daftar Pustaka ....................................................................................... xxv
BAB I.PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................ 1
1.1.1 Alasan dan Motivasi Pemilihan Judul ............................. 2
1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ........................................... 3
1.2.1 Tujuan ............................................................................ 3
1.2.2 Sasaran .......................................................................... 3
1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ............................................................. 4
1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ............................................................... 4
1.4.1 Tahap Pemrograman ...................................................... 4
1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa ................................... 7
1.4.3 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ..................................... 7
1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ........................................................ 9
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BAB II. TIJAUAN PROYEK ................................................................... 11
2.1 Tinjauan Water Park ................................................................ 11
2.1.1 Perkembangan Water Park ............................................. 12
2.1.2 Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai ............................................. 14
2.1.3 Terminologi ....................................................................... 14
2.1.4 Klasifikasi Wahana Permainan Air .................................... 15
2.1.5 Aktivitas ............................................................................ 17
2.1.6 Pelaku .............................................................................. 18
2.1.7 Waktu Operasional ........................................................... 20
2.1.8 Fasilitas ............................................................................ 20
2.1.9 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ................................. 21
2.2 Tinjauan Kabupaten Indramayu ............................................... 25
2.2.1 Letak, Luas dan batas kab. Indramayu ......................... 29
2.2.2 Topografi ...................................................................... 31
2.2.3 Iklim ............................................................................. 32
2.2.4 Morfologi ...................................................................... 33
2.2.5 Infrastruktur .................................................................. 34
2.3 Studi Banding Proyek Sejenis .................................................. 35
2.3.1 Water Blaster Semarang .............................................. 35
2.3.2 Pandawa Water World Solo .......................................... 43
2.4 Permasalahan Desain ............................................................. 46
2.4.1 Arsitektur ...................................................................... 46
2.4.2 Bangunan ..................................................................... 46
2.4.3 Lingkungan ................................................................... 46
2.5 Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan ....................................... 47
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2.5.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................. 47
2.5.2 Batasan ........................................................................ 47
2.5.3 Anggapan ..................................................................... 47
BAB III. ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ............. 48
3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ............................................... 48
3.1.1 Studi Pelaku .................................................................. 48
3.1.2 Studi Aktivitas ............................................................... 49
3.1.3 Studi Fasilitas, Studi Ruang Khusus, Studi Besaran Ruang
............................................................................................... 58
3.1.4 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang Outdoor & Indoor .................... 58
3.1.5 Studi Ruang Khusus ..................................................... 64
3.1.6 Studi Besaran Bangunan dan Lahan ............................ 73
3.1.7 Besaran Ruang ............................................................ 78
3.1.8 Studi Citra Arsitektural .................................................. 92
3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan .................................. 93
3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ............................. 93
3.2.2 Studi Sistem Bangunan ................................................. 110
3.2.3 Studi Landscape ........................................................... 115
3.2.4 Studi Area Parkir ........................................................... 120
3.2.5 Studi Sistem Utilitas ...................................................... 121
3.2.6 Studi Pemanfaatan Tekhnologi ..................................... 129
3.2.7 Penggunaan Atap Bertanaman ..................................... 137
3.2.8 CCTV ............................................................................ 138
3.3 Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ................................................. 138
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3.3.1 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ............................................... 144
BAB IV. PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ...................................................... 152
4.1 Konsep Program ................................................................... 152
4.1.1 Aspek Citra Arsitektural ................................................. 152
4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi ................................................................ 152
4.1.3 Aspek Tekhnologi .......................................................... 153
4.1.4 Ramah Lingkungan ....................................................... 153
4.2 Tujuan Perc, Faktor Penentu Perc, Faktor Persyaratan.......... 154
4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan ..................................................... 154
4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ........................................ 154
4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .................................. 155
4.3 Program Arsitektur ................................................................ 157
4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ......................................................... 157
4.3.2 Program Ruang ............................................................. 159
4.3.3 Program Besaran Ruang ............................................... 161
4.3.4 Program Sistem Struktur ............................................... 164
4.3.5 Program Sistem Bangunan ........................................... 169
4.3.5.1 Sistem Pencahayaan Alami ................................ 169
4.3.5.2 Sistem Pencahayaan Buatan ............................. 170
4.3.6 Program Landscape ...................................................... 171
4.3.7 Program Area Parkir ..................................................... 175
4.3.8 Program Sistem Utilitas ................................................. 176
4.3.9 Program Lokasi dan Tapak ........................................... 187
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BAB V. KAJIAN TEORI.......................................................................... 191
5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain ............................................ 191
5.1.1 Interpretasi & Elaborasi Teori Penekanan Desain ......... 191
5.1.2 Arsitektur Hundertwasser .............................................. 192
5.1.3 Filosofi Hundertwasser .................................................. 194
5.1.4 Karakteristik Desain Arsitektur Hundertwasser .............. 195
5.1.5 Ketentuan Penggunaan Keramik ................................... 197
5.1.6 Ciri – Ciri Desain Arsitektur Hundertwasser ................... 198
5.1.7 Studi Presedent ............................................................. 198
5.1.8 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Penenkanan Desain .... 207
5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan .................................... 208
5.2.1 Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Penenkanan Desain .... 208
5.2.2 Kajian Teori ................................................................... 209
5.2.3 Studi Presedent ............................................................. 215
5.2.4 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan
............................................................................................... 216
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Bab II. Tinjauan Wahana Permainan Air
Gambar 2.1 Water Park ......................................................................... 13
Gambar 2.2 Kolam Air Mancur ............................................................... 20
Gambar 2.3 Lazy River .......................................................................... 20
Gambar 2.4 Kolam Anak ........................................................................ 20
Gambar 2.5 Ruang Locker ...................................................................... 21
Gambar 2.6 Foodcourt ............................................................................ 21
Gambar 2.7 Ruang Refleksi .................................................................... 21
Gambar 2.8 Peta Wisata Indramayu ...................................................... 25
Gambar 2.9 Pantai Tirtamaya ................................................................ 25
Gambar 2.10 Koloni Kera Banjar ........................................................... 26
Gambar 2.11 Wisata Pulau Biawak ........................................................ 26
Gambar 2.12 Situ Bolang ....................................................................... 26
Gambar 2.13 Pantai Glayem .................................................................. 27
Gambar 2.14 Pantai Karangsong ........................................................... 27
Gambar 2.15 Pantai Balongan Indah ..................................................... 27
Gambar 2.16 Kampung Wisata Sindang Ayu ......................................... 28
Gambar 2.17 Peta Administrasi Kab. Indramayu ................................... 30
Gambar 2.18 Peta Kemampuan Lahan .................................................. 33
Gambar 2.19 Peta Infrastuktur Kab. Indramayu ..................................... 34
Gambar 2.20 Pintu Masuk Water Blaster ............................................... 35
Gambar 2.21 Letak Water Blaster .......................................................... 35
Gambar 2.22 Gazebo ............................................................................ 38
Gambar 2.23 Ruang Locker ................................................................... 39
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Gambar 2.24 Ruang Bilas ...................................................................... 39
Gambar 2.25 Foodcourt ......................................................................... 39
Gambar 2.26 Ruang Kesehatan ............................................................. 39
Gambar 2.27 Souvenir Shop .................................................................. 39
Gambar 2.28 Lapangan Futsal .............................................................. 39
Gambar 2.29 Ruang Pertemuan ............................................................ 40
Gambar 2.30 Ruang Gathering .............................................................. 40
Gambar 2.31 Kantor Marketing .............................................................. 40
Gambar 2.32 Map Water Blaster ............................................................ 41
Gambar 2.33 Black Hole Slide ............................................................... 43
Gambar 2.34 Raft Slide ......................................................................... 44
Gambar 2.35 Lazy River ........................................................................ 44
Gambar 2.36 Swimming Pool ................................................................ 44
Gambar 2.37 Foodcourt ......................................................................... 44
Gambar 2.38 Kolam Ombak .................................................................. 44
Gambar 2.39 Play Ground ..................................................................... 44
Gambar 2.40 Map Pandawa Solo .......................................................... 45
Bab III. Analisa Pendekatan Program Arsitektur
Gambar 3.1 Kids Slides .......................................................................... 64
Gambar 3.2 Slide Dewasa ...................................................................... 65
Gambar 3.3 Slide Menggunakan Ban Karet ............................................ 65
Gambar 3.4 Pendaki Konstruksi Baja ..................................................... 66
Gambar 3.5 Pendaki Konstruksi Kayu .................................................... 66
Gambar 3.6 Dimensi Slide Untuk Dewasa .............................................. 67
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Gambar 3.7 Dimensi Slide Menggunakan Ban........................................ 68
Gambar 3.8 Dimensi Slide Untuk Anak .................................................. 68
Gambar 3.9 Lazy River .......................................................................... 69
Gambar 3.10 Lazy River ........................................................................ 69
Gambar 3.11 Shunken Pool Bar ............................................................ 70
Gambar 3.12 Aktivitas Didalam Pool Bar ............................................... 70
Gambar 3.13 Dimensi Whirpool ............................................................. 71
Gambar 3.14 Dimensi Parkir Truck ........................................................ 90
Gambar 3.15 Slide Construction ............................................................ 94
Gambar 3.16 Kurva Penuh .................................................................... 94
Gambar 3.17 Kurva Sebagian ................................................................. 94
Gambar 3.18 Kombinasi Kurva .............................................................. 94
Gambar 3.19 Konstruksi Penyangga Seluncur ....................................... 94
Gambar 3.20 Plat Baja Penyangga ........................................................ 95
Gambar 3.21 Detail Murbaut Pada Sambungan ..................................... 95
Gambar 3.22 Atap Dak beton ................................................................. 95
Gambar 3.23 Konstruksi Atap Kayu ........................................................ 97
Gambar 3.24 Atap Baja Ringan ............................................................. 98
Gambar 3.25 Atap Space Truss ............................................................. 99
Gambar 3.26 Dinding Masif ................................................................... 100
Gambar 3.27 Struktur Rangka ............................................................... 100
Gambar 3.28 Struktur Dinding Sejajar .................................................... 102
Gambar 3.29 Dinding batu bata ............................................................. 102
Gambar 3.30 Dinding Kaca .................................................................... 103
Gambar 3.31 Batu Alam ......................................................................... 104
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Gambar 3.32 Dinding ACP ..................................................................... 104
Gambar 3.33 Ubin .................................................................................. 105
Gambar 3.34 Pondasi Batu Kali ............................................................. 107
Gambar 3.35 Pondasi Footplat .............................................................. 108
Gambar 3.37 Pondasi Sarang Laba-laba ............................................... 109
Gambar 3.38 Pondasi Dengan Cerucuk Bambu .................................... 110
Gambar 3.39 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui jendela ................................. 111
Gambar 3.40 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui Lubang Atap ........................ 111
Gambar 3.41 Shadowing ....................................................................... 113
Gambar 3.42 Moonlighting ..................................................................... 113
Gambar 3.43 Uplighting ......................................................................... 113
Gambar 3.44 Lampu Jalan ..................................................................... 113
Gambar 3.45 Lampu Taman .................................................................. 114
Gambar 3.46 Spot Light ......................................................................... 114
Gambar 3.47 Fungsi Tanaman .............................................................. 116
Gambar 3.48 Kran Air ............................................................................ 116
Gambar 3.49 Water Sprinkle System ..................................................... 117
Gambar 3.50 Material Kayu ................................................................... 117
Gambar 3.51 Material Pasir ................................................................... 117
Gambar 3.52 Material Kerikil .................................................................. 117
Gambar 3.53 Material Batu Bata ............................................................ 118
Gambar 3.54 Material Besi .................................................................... 118
Gambar 3.55 Material Alumunium .......................................................... 118
Gambar 3.56 Material Fiber ................................................................... 118
Gambar 3.57 Material Beton .................................................................. 118
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Gambar 3.58 Pergola ............................................................................. 119
Gambar 3.59 Papan Penunjuk Jalan ..................................................... 119
Gambar 3.60 Bangku Taman ................................................................. 119
Gambar 3.61 Lampu Taman .................................................................. 119
Gambar 3.62 Gazebo ............................................................................ 119
Gambar 3.63 Air Mancur ........................................................................ 119
Gambar 3.64 Sclupture .......................................................................... 119
Gambar 3.65 Rambu-rambu .................................................................. 120
Gambar 3.66 Jenis Parkir ...................................................................... 120
Gambar 3.67 Area Parkir ....................................................................... 121
Gambar 3.68 Fire Hidrant ...................................................................... 126
Gambar 3.69 Pillar Hydrant .................................................................... 126
Gambar 3.70 Sprinkle ............................................................................ 126
Gambar 3.71 Smoke Detectore .............................................................. 127
Gambar 3.72 Lapisan Panel Surya ........................................................ 129
Gambar 3.73 Bagian Panel Surya .......................................................... 130
Gambar 3.74 Panel Surya Dengan Inverter ........................................... 132
Gambar 3.75 Rangkaian Sel Surya ........................................................ 133
Gambar 3.76 Jenis Polikristal ................................................................ 136
Gambar 3.77 Jenis Monokristal .............................................................. 136
Gambar 3.78 Lapisan Tanaman Pada Atap ........................................... 137
Gambar 3.79 CCTV ............................................................................... 138
Gambar 3.80 Peta Administrasi Kab. Indramayu ................................... 141
Gambar 3.81 Peta Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 1 .................................... 145
Gambar 3.82 Peta CAD Tapak 1 ........................................................... 145
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Gambar 3.83 Foto Ket. Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 1 ............................. 146
Gambar 3.84 Peta Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 2 .................................... 148
Gambar 3.85 Peta CAD Tapak 2 ........................................................... 148
Gambar 3.86 Foto ket. Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 2 .............................. 149
Bab IV. Program Arsitektur
Gambar 4.1 Skenario Kegiatan Pengunjung ......................................... 158
Gambar 4.2 Slide Construction ............................................................. 164
Gambar 4.3 Kurva Sebagian ................................................................. 164
Gambar 4.4 Struktur Seluncur ............................................................... 164
Gambar 4.5 Pondasi Batu Kali Dengan Cerucuk Bambu ...................... 167
Gambar 4.6 Pondasi Footplat Dengan Cerucuk Bambu ........................ 167
Gambar 4.7 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui jendela .................................. 169
Gambar 4.8 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui Lubang Atap ......................... 169
Gambar 4.9 Lampu Taman ................................................................... 170
Gambar 4.10 Spot Light Kolam Renang ................................................ 170
Gambar 4.11 Spot Light Pohon ............................................................. 170
Gambar 4.12 Estetika Lampu Dalam Ruang ......................................... 171
Gambar 4.13 Pohon Tanjung ................................................................ 172
Gambar 4.14 Pohon Asem Jawa .......................................................... 172
Gambar 4.15 Pohon Trembesi .............................................................. 172
Gambar 4.16 Pohon Palem Poenix ....................................................... 172
Gambar 4.17 Pohon Glodokan Tiang .................................................... 172
Gambar 4.18 Batu Bata ........................................................................ 172
Gambar 4.19 Batu Alam ........................................................................ 172
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Gambar 4.20 Paving Block Berumput ................................................... 173
Gambar 4.21 Bangku Taman ................................................................ 173
Gambar 4.22 Gazebo ........................................................................... 173
Gambar 4.23 Lampu Jalan .................................................................... 173
Gambar 4.24 Lampu Taman ................................................................. 173
Gambar 4.25 Sclupture ......................................................................... 174
Gambar 4.26 Rambu-rambu ................................................................. 174
Gambar 4.27 Papan Penunjuk Jalan .................................................... 174
Gambar 4.28 Tong Sampah .................................................................. 174
Gambar 4.29 Area Parkir ...................................................................... 175
Gambar 4.30 Area Parkir Tampak Depan ............................................. 175
Gambar 4.31 Area Parkir Tampak Atas ................................................ 175
Gambar 4.32 Fire Hydrant .................................................................... 176
Gambar 4.33 Pillar Hydrant ................................................................... 176
Gambar 4.34 Sprinkle ........................................................................... 176
Gambar 4.35 Smoke Detectore ............................................................. 176
Gambar 4.36 Jet Pump ......................................................................... 177
Gambar 4.38 Sistem Sirkulasi Air Kolam .............................................. 178
Gambar 4.39 Pompa Air ....................................................................... 179
Gambar 4.40 Filter ................................................................................ 179
Gambar 4.41 Heater ............................................................................. 179
Gambar 4.42 Return ............................................................................. 179
Gambar 4.43 Tank Water Treatment ..................................................... 181
Gambar 4.44 Skema Water Treatment System ..................................... 181
Gambar 4.45 Peta CAD Alternatif Tapak 2 ........................................... 187
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Gambar 4.46 Kondisi Jalan ................................................................... 187
Gambar 4.47 Kondisi Tapak ................................................................. 187
Gambar 4.48 Kondisi Tapak ................................................................. 188
Gambar 4.49 Kondisi Sungai Pada Tapak ............................................ 188
Gambar 4.50 Vegetasi Pada Tapak ...................................................... 188
Gambar 4.51 Kondisi Jalan Tapak ........................................................ 188
Bab V. Kajian Teori
Gambar 5.1 Tree Tenants ....................................................................... 195
Gambar 5.2 Window Right ...................................................................... 196
Gambar 5.3 Uneven Floor....................................................................... 196
Gambar 5.4 Hot Springs Village .............................................................. 198
Gambar 5.5 Atap Hot Springs Village ..................................................... 199
Gambar 5.6 Fasad Bangunan Hot Springs Village .................................. 199
Gambar 5.7 The Forest Spiral ................................................................. 200
Gambar 5.8 Fasad Menara The Forest Spiral ......................................... 201
Gambar 5.9 Pohon Kontrol Radiasi Matahari .......................................... 210
Gambar 5.10 Pohon Pengendali Angin ................................................... 210
Gambar 5.11 Pohon Peredam Bising ...................................................... 210
Gambar 5.12 Pohon Penyaring Udara .................................................... 211
Gambar 5.13 Pohon Kelapa .................................................................... 211
Gambar 5.14 Pohon Flamboyant ............................................................ 211
Gambar 5.15 Pohon Beringin .................................................................. 211
Gambar 5.16 Ruang Bentuk Lorong ....................................................... 213
Gambar 5.17 Ruang Bentuk Linier .......................................................... 213
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Gambar 5.18 Ruang Bentuk Geometris .................................................. 213
Gambar 5.19 Ruang Bentuk Mekanis ..................................................... 213
Gambar 5.20 Pencapaian Frontal ........................................................... 214
Gambar 5.21 Pencapaian Kesamping .................................................... 214
Gambar 5.22 Pencapaian Memutar ........................................................ 214
Gambar 5.23 Waterboom Bali ................................................................. 215
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DAFTAR TABEL
Bab II. Tinjauan Wahana Permainan Air
Tabel 2.1 Waktu Operasional ................................................................. 20
Tabel 2.2 Data Kunjungan Wisatawan .................................................. 28
Tabel 2.3 Data Perkembangan Pengunjung ........................................... 28
Tabel 2.4 Luas Wilayah Administrasi Kab. Indramayu ........................... 29
Tabel 2.5 Data Pengunjung Water Blaster ............................................. 37
Tabel 2.6 Kelebihan Kekurangan Water Blaster ..................................... 42
Tabel 2.7 Kelebihan Kekurangan Water World ...................................... 45
Bab III. Analisa Pendekatan Program Arsitektur
Tabel 3.1 Pengelompokkan Pelaku ........................................................ 49
Tabel 3.2 Aktivitas Utama ...................................................................... 51
Tabel 3.3 Aktivitas Pendukung Utama .................................................... 51
Tabel 3.4 Aktivitas Pengelola ................................................................. 52
Tabel 3.5 Aktivitas Servis ........................................................................ 54
Tabel 3.6 Keterangan Waktu Aktivitas Pelaku ........................................ 57
Tabel 3.7 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang ......................................................... 60
Tabel 3.8 Kebutuhan Ruang Indoor dan Outdoor ................................... 63
Tabel 3.9 Studi Jumlah Pelaku ............................................................... 73
Tabel 3.10 Data Pengunjung Wisata Situ Bolang ................................... 74
Tabel 3.11 Besaran Ruang Area Wahana Permainan Air ...................... 78
Tabel 3.12 Besaran Ruang Area Pendukung Utama .............................. 80
Tabel 3.13 Besaran Ruang Area Penunjang .......................................... 83
Tabel 3.14 Besaran Ruang Area Pengelola ........................................... 84
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Tabel 3.15 Besaran Ruang Area Servis ................................................. 87
Tabel 3.16 Rekapitulasi Besaran Ruang Indoor ..................................... 90
Tabel 3.17 Rekapitulasi Besaran Ruang Outdoor .................................. 91
Tabel 3.18 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Atap Beton .................................... 96
Tabel 3.19 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Atap Kayu ..................................... 97
Tabel 3.20 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Atap Baja Ringan .......................... 98
Tabel 3.21 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Atap Space Truss ......................... 99
Tabel 3.22 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Dinding Masif ................................ 101
Tabel 3.23 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Struktur Rangka ............................ 101
Tabel 3.24 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Struktur Dinding Sejajar ................ 102
Tabel 3.25 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Dinding Batu Bata ......................... 103
Tabel 3.26 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Dinding Kaca ................................ 103
Tabel 3.27 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Batu Alam ..................................... 104
Tabel 3.28 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Dinding ACP ................................. 104
Tabel 3.29 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Ubin .............................................. 106
Tabel 3.30 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Pondasi Batu Kali ......................... 107
Tabel 3.31 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Pondasi Footplat ........................... 108
Tabel 3.32 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Pondasi Sarang Laba-laba ........... 109
Tabel 3.33 Kecamatan di Kab. Indramayu ............................................. 139
Tabel 3.34 Keadaan Geografis Wilayah Kab. Indramayu ....................... 141
Bab IV. Program Arsitektur
Tabel 4.1 Program Ruang ...................................................................... 159
Tabel 4.2 Kebutuhan Besaran Ruang Indoor ......................................... 162
Tabel 4.3 Kebutuhan Besaran Ruang Outdoor ...................................... 162
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Bab V. Kajian Teori
Tabel 5.1 Analisis Bangunan Karya Hundertwasser ............................... 202
Tabel 5.2 Peletakan Tanaman ............................................................... 212
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DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Bab I. Pendahuluan
Diagram 1.1 Bagian Alur Pikir ............................................................... 8
Bab II. Tinjauan Wahana Permainan Air
Diagram 2.1 Struktur Organisasi Pengelola ........................................... 19
Bab III. Analisa pendekatan Program Arsitektur
Diagram 3.1 Skema Pola Aktifitas Pengunjung ...................................... 55
Diagram 3.2 Skema Pola Aktivitas Pengelola dan Karyawan ................. 56
Diagram 3.3 Skema Pola Aktivitas Servis .............................................. 56
Diagram 3.4 Zoning Makro ..................................................................... 62
Diagram 3.5 Zoning Mikro ...................................................................... 63
Diagram 3.6 Pola Aktivitas Pendaki ....................................................... 66
Diagram 3.7 Proses Pembuatan Kolam Renang .................................... 72
Diagram 3.8 Pencahayaan Alami ........................................................... 110
Diagram 3.9 Aliran Jaringan Listrik ........................................................ 121
Diagram 3.10 Aliran Jaringan Air Bersih ................................................ 122
Diagram 3.11 Jaringan Limbah Padat & Cair ......................................... 123
Diagram 3.12 Jaringan Air Kolam .......................................................... 123
Diagram 3.13 Sistem Pembuangan Sampah ......................................... 124
Diagram 3.14 Sistem Komunikasi Internal .............................................. 125
Diagram 3.15 Sistem Komunikasi Eksternal............................................ 125
Diagram 3.16 Sistem Penanganan Kebakaran ...................................... 128
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Bab IV. Program Arsitektur
Diagram 4.1 Program Kegiatan .............................................................. 157
Diagram 4.2 Skenario Kegiatan Pengunjung ......................................... 158
Diagram 4.3 Skenario Hubungan Antar Ruang ...................................... 160
Diagram 4.4 Pencahayaan Alami ............................................................ 169
Diagram 4.5 Sistem Jaringan Air Bersih .................................................. 177
Diagram 4.6 Jet Pump ............................................................................ 176
Diagram 4.7 Skema Water Treatment System ........................................ 178
Diagram 4.8 Jaringan Limbah Padat & Cair ............................................ 182
Diagram 4.9 Sistem Pembuangan Sampah ............................................ 183
Diagram 4.10 Aliran Jaringan Listrik ....................................................... 184
Diagram 4.11 Sistem Komunikasi Internal .............................................. 185
Diagram 4.12 Sistem Komunikasi Ekternal ............................................. 186