TUGAS AKHIR 142

Landasan Progam Perencanaan dan Perancangan Arsitektur

RENTAL OFFICE DI SURABAYA

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan guna memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik

Oleh :

Roid Thomi 21020114120006

Dosen Pembimbing Utama : Prof. Dr. Ing. Ir. Gagoek Hardiman

Dosen Pembing Kedua :

Ir. Budi Sudarwanto, M.Si

Dosen Penguji : Ir. Sri Hartuti Wahyuningrum, MT

S-1 DEPARTEMEN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO

2018

TUGAS AKHIR 142

TUGAS AKHIR 142

TUGAS AKHIR 142

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ABSTRAK Rental Office merupakan bangunan perkantoran sewa tipe campuran dengan menekankan

konsep green architecture. Dengan memiliki dua fungsi sebagai sewa kantor untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar dan untuk meningkatkan potensi daerah. Bangunan ini mempunyai 20 lantai dan 700 m2 perlanta yang disewakan dengan jenis terbuka. Lokasi bangunan kantor sewa ini terletak di Unit Distrik Embong Kaliasin, Surabya yang mempunyai beberapa aspek berdasarkan isu urban. Masalah urban diantaranya mengenai, penurunan kualitas lingkungan kota, tingginya menutup lahan sehingga membuat penyerapan air tanah rendah.

Berdasarkan isu-isu tersebut maka rancangan ditekankan dengan konsep green architecture yang terdiri lima aspek, hemat energi, menanggapi keadaan tapak pada bangunan, memperhatikan pengguna bangunan, meminilakan sumberdaya baru, memanfaatkan kondisi dan sumber energi. Untuk mengaplikasikan desain menggunakan perhitungan diagram sunpath. Rancangan bangunan kantor sewa dengan konsep green architecture dapat merespon kota dengan menyumbang ruang terbuka 40% dari tapak, mengurangi limbah air ke kota dengan memberikan sumur resapan 30% pada tapak, mengurangi polusi karena mempunyai roof top yang bisa menambah area hijau 20 %, mengurangi kemacetan, mennggunakan material daur ulang sebagai bahan bangunan. Kata kunci : Rental Office, Green Architecture

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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena atas berkah, rahmat, dan

hidayah-Nya maka penulis dapat menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir Periode 142 dengan tepat waktu.

Penyusunan LP3A ini merupakan mata kuliah yang harus ditempuh di semester akhir oleh seluruh

mahasiswa Program Studi S-1 Deprtemen Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro sebagai

syarat dalam memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik.

Penulis mengambil judul rental office di Surabaya karena melihat perkembangan di Kota

Surabaya saat ini. Dalam kesempatan ini tidak lupa penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada pihak-

pihak yang telah membantu dan membimbing selama melaksanakan dan menyusun laporan ini. Untuk

itu, penulis mengucapkan rasa terima kasih kepada yang terhormat :

1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Ing. Ir. Gagoek Hadirman; selaku pembimbing utama program Mata Kuliah

Tugas Akhir.

2. Bapak Ir. Budi Sudarwanto, M.Si.; selaku dosen pembimbing kedua program Mata Kuliah

Tugas Akhir.

3. Ibu Ir. Sri Hartuti Wahyuningrum, M.T.; selaku dosen penguji

4. Bapak Ir. B. Adji Murtomo, MSA; selaku dosen koordinator mata kuliah Tugas Akhir.

5. Bapak Dr. Ir. Agung Budi Sarjono; selaku Ketua Departemen Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.

6. Kedua Orang tua beserta adik kandung yang selalu memberi dukungan dan doa selama

berlangsungnya Tugas Akhir.

7. Seluruh teman-teman yang selalu memberikan dukungan kepada penulis.

Semua teman bermain penulis termasuk teman-teman arsitektur angkatan 2014 yang berjuang

bersama dari semester 1 hingga semester akhir, serta pihak-pihak yang telah memberi dukungan dan

masukan sampai tersusunnya laporan ini.

Penulis menyadari bahwa laporan ini masih memiliki kekurangan. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan

saran sangat diharapkan dan semoga laporan ini bermanfaat bagi pihak-pihak yang berkenan.

Semarang, 6 April 2018

Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI

ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................................................. ii

KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................................................................. iii

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................................................. vii

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................................. viii

DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................................................. viii

BAB I .................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran ..................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.1 Tujuan .................................................................................................................................. 2

1.2.2 Sasaran ................................................................................................................................. 2

1.3. Manfaat ..................................................................................................................................... 2

1.3.1 Subjektif ............................................................................................................................... 2

1.3.2 Objektif ................................................................................................................................ 2

1.4 Ruang Lingkup ............................................................................................................................. 2

1.5 Metode Penulisan ....................................................................................................................... 2

1.6 Kerangka Bahasan ....................................................................................................................... 3

1.7 Alur Pikir...................................................................................................................................... 4

BAB II .................................................................................................................................................. 5

2.1 Tinjauan Umum Rental Office ..................................................................................................... 5

2.2.1 Pengertian Rental Office ...................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Klasifikasi Rental Office ............................................................................................................... 5

2.3.1 Menurut Jumlah Penyewa ................................................................................................... 5

2.3.2 Menurut Peruntukan ........................................................................................................... 5

2.3.3 Menurut Modul Ruang Sewa ............................................................................................... 5

2.3.4 Menurut Pengelolaan .......................................................................................................... 6

2.3.5 Klasifikasi Kantor Sewa ......................................................................................................... 6

2.3.6 Menurut kedalaman Ruang .................................................................................................. 6

2.3.7 Menurut Sistem Peletakkan Core......................................................................................... 7

2.3 Standar Perencanaan dan Perancangan Rental Office ................................................................ 7

2.4.1 Tipologi Ruang Rental Office ................................................................................................ 7

2.4.2 Standar Perancangan Ruang Rental Office ......................................................................... 10

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2.4 Fasilitas Penunjang Rental Office ............................................................................................. 15

2.5 Tinjauan Pendekatan Desain ..................................................................................................... 15

2.5.1 Pengertian Green Architecture/Arsitektur Hijau ................................................................ 15

2.5.2 Penjabaran Green Architecture/Arsitektur Hijau ............................................................... 15

2.6 Studi Banding ............................................................................................................................ 18

2.6.1 Objek Studi Banding 1 ........................................................................................................ 18

2.6.2 Objek Studi Banding 2 ........................................................................................................ 22

2.6.3 Objek Studi Banding 3 ........................................................................................................ 26

2.6.4 Tabel Kesimpulan Objek Co working .................................................................................. 29

2.6.5 Tabel Kesimpulan Objek Studi Banding .............................................................................. 31

2.6.6 Objek Studi Banding Green Architecture ........................................................................... 35

BAB III ............................................................................................................................................... 39

3.1 Tinjauan Umum Kota Surabaya ................................................................................................. 39

3.1.1 Tinjauan Geografis dan Klimatologis Kota Surabaya .......................................................... 39

3.1.2 Tinjauan Ekonomi Kota Surabaya ....................................................................................... 40

3.1.3 Pembagian Unit Pengembangan Kota Surabaya ............................................................... .42

3.1.4 Rencana Pengembangan Fungsi Utama Masing-masing Unit Pengembangan Kota

Surabaya . ................................................................................................................................... 43

3.2 Tinjauan Umum Unit Pengembangan VI Tunjungan Kota Surabaya.......................................... 44

3.2.1 Tinjauan Umum UP VI Tunjungan Kota Surabaya .............................................................. 44

3.2.2 Pembagian Fungsi Jaringan Jalan Sesuai Kebijakan RTRK UD. Embong Kaliasin Pada

Perencanaan UP. Tunjungan ....................................................................................................... 47

3.3 Tinjauan KDB, KLB, GSB di Unit Pengembangan VI Tunjungan Kota Surabaya .......................... 47

3.4 Tinjauan Umum Tapak (Site) Rental Office ............................................................................... 49

3.4.1 Alternatif Tapak 1 ............................................................................................................... 49

3.4.2 Alternatif Tapak 2 ............................................................................................................... 51

3.4.3 Alternatif Tapak 3 ............................................................................................................... 52

BAB IV ............................................................................................................................................... 55

4.1 Batasan ..................................................................................................................................... 55

4.2 Anggapan .................................................................................................................................. 55

4.3 Analisa ....................................................................................................................................... 55

BAB V ................................................................................................................................................ 56

5.1 Pendekatan Aspek Fungsional................................................................................................... 56

5.1.1 Pendekatan Pelaku dan Aktivitas di Rental Office .............................................................. 56

5.1.2 Pendekatan Kebutuhan Ruang berdasarkan Kelompok Aktivitas ....................................... 56

5.1.3 Pendektan Fungsi dan Syarat Ruang .................................................................................. 58

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5.1.4 Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku Aktivitas .................................................................................. 60

5.1.5 Pendekatan Hubungan Ruang ............................................................................................ 61

5.1.6 Pendekatan Sirkulasi Ruang ............................................................................................... 62

5.2 Tapak Terpilih............................................................................................................................ 64

5.3 Pendekatan Besaran Ruang ...................................................................................................... 66

5.3.1 Pendekatan Besaran Ruang Unit Sewa............................................................................... 67

5.3.2 Pendekatan Besaran Ruang Service ................................................................................... 68

5.3.3 Pendekatan Besaran Ruang Pengelola ............................................................................... 69

5.3.3 Pendekatan Kapasitas Pengguna Ruang ............................................................................. 69

5.4 Program Ruang ......................................................................................................................... 70

5.4.1 Unit Kantor Sewa ............................................................................................................... 70

5.4.2 Aktivitas Pengelolaan Kantor ............................................................................................. 71

5.4.3 Kelompok Aktivitas Penunjang ........................................................................................... 71

5.4.4 Kelompok Aktivitas Servis .................................................................................................. 72

5.4.5 Area Parkir ......................................................................................................................... 73

5.4.6 Tabel Rekapitulasi Kebutuhan Ruang ................................................................................. 74

5.5 Pendekatan Aspek Kinerja ........................................................................................................ 74

5.5.1 Sistem Pencahayaan .......................................................................................................... 74

5.5.2 Sistem Penghawaan Ruang ................................................................................................ 75

5.5.3 Sistem Jaringan Air Bersih .................................................................................................. 78

5.5.4 Sistem Pembuangan Air Kotor ........................................................................................... 78

5.5.5 Sistem Jaringan Listrik ........................................................................................................ 79

5.5.6 Sistem Pembuangan Sampah ............................................................................................. 80

5.5.7 Sistem Pencegahan Kebakaran .......................................................................................... 80

5.5.8 Sistem Komunikasi ............................................................................................................. 81

5.5.9 Sistem Penangkal Petir ....................................................................................................... 82

5.5.10 Sistem Keamanan ............................................................................................................. 82

5.5.11 Sistem Transportasi .......................................................................................................... 82

5.6 Pendekatan Aspek Teknis ......................................................................................................... 82

5.6.1 Sistem Struktur .................................................................................................................. 82

5.6.2 Bahan Bangunan ................................................................................................................ 83

5.7 Penekanan Aspek Visual Arsitektural ........................................................................................ 83

5.7.1 Bentuk dan Massa Bangunan ............................................................................................. 83

5.7.2 Penekanan Desain .............................................................................................................. 84

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................................................. 94

LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................................................... 96

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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2. 1 Single Room Office ........................................................................................................... 7

Gambar 2. 2 Group Office ..................................................................................................................... 8

Gambar 2. 3 Open Plan ......................................................................................................................... 8

Gambar 2. 4 Single Row Layout ............................................................................................................ 8

Gambar 2. 5 Two Row Layout ............................................................................................................... 9

Gambar 2. 6 Three Row Layout............................................................................................................. 9

Gambar 2. 7 Layout Without Corridor .................................................................................................. 9

Gambar 2. 8 Sistem Pencapaian Ruang................................................................................................. 9

Gambar 2. 9 Layout Peralatan 1.......................................................................................................... 10

Gambar 2. 10 Layout Peralatan 2........................................................................................................ 11

Gambar 2. 11 Layout Peralatan 3........................................................................................................ 11

Gambar 2. 12 Ukuran Peralatan.......................................................................................................... 12

Gambar 2. 13 Menara Suara Merdeka ................................................................................................ 18

Gambar 2. 14 Denah Lantai yang Disewa............................................................................................ 20

Gambar 2. 15 Denah Lantai yang Dijual .............................................................................................. 21

Gambar 2. 16 Resepsionist Di Area Lobby .......................................................................................... 21

Gambar 2. 17 Area Lobby ................................................................................................................... 21

Gambar 2. 18 Retail Space Di Area Lobby ........................................................................................... 22

Gambar 2. 19 ATM Center .................................................................................................................. 22

Gambar 2. 20 Akses Lift ...................................................................................................................... 22

Gambar 2. 21 Interior Menara Suara Merdeka ................................................................................... 22

Gambar 2. 22 Bare Condition .............................................................................................................. 22

Gambar 2. 23 Open Plan System......................................................................................................... 22

Gambar 2. 24 Spazio ........................................................................................................................... 23

Gambar 2. 25 Denah Lantai Spazio ..................................................................................................... 25

Gambar 2. 26 Eksterior Creative HUB ................................................................................................. 26

Gambar 2. 27 Ruang Auditorium ........................................................................................................ 28

Gambar 2. 28 Perpustakaan................................................................................................................ 28

Gambar 2. 29 Ruang Diskusi a ............................................................................................................. 28

Gambar 2. 30 Aula a ........................................................................................................................... 29

Gambar 2. 31 Kantor Managemen ...................................................................................................... 29

Gambar 2. 32 Aula b ........................................................................................................................... 29

Gambar 2. 33 Ruang Diskusi b ............................................................................................................ 29

Gambar 2. 34 Gedung MMT Green Building ....................................................................................... 35

Gambar 2. 35 Pencahayaan Ruangan ................................................................................................. 36

Gambar 2. 36 Lingkaran yang Ditumbuhi Pohon (tampak dari dasar hingga atas) ............................. 37

Gambar 2. 37 Detail dan Aplikasi Material.......................................................................................... 38

Gambar 3. 1 Data Iklim Surabaya ........................................................................................................ 40

Gambar 3. 2 Data Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Surabaya........................................................................... 41

Gambar 3. 3 Aktivitas Ekonomi Utama Kota Surabaya ....................................................................... 41

Gambar 3. 4 Arahan Kepadatan Bangunan UP Tunjungan .................................................................. 47

Gambar 3. 5 Arahan Ketinggian Bangunan UP Tunjungan .................................................................. 48

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Gambar 3. 6 Arahan Perpetakan dan Garis Sempadan ....................................................................... 48

Gambar 3. 7 Pembobotan Lokasi Tapak .............................................................................................. 53

Gambar 4. 1 Diagram Analisa Rental Office .......................................................................................... 9

Gambar 5. 1 Diagram Hubungan Kelompok Ruang Makro ................................................................. 61

Gambar 5. 2 Diagram Hubungan Kelompok Ruang Mikro .................................................................. 62

Gambar 5. 3 Sirkulasi Penyewa Kantor ............................................................................................... 62

Gambar 5. 4 Sirkulasi Pengelola Kantor .............................................................................................. 63

Gambar 5. 5 Sirkulasi Member ........................................................................................................... 63

Gambar 5. 6 Sirkulasi Pengunjung Pameran ....................................................................................... 64

Gambar 5. 7 Sirkulasi Pengunjung Workshop ..................................................................................... 64

Gambar 5. 9 Lokasi SIte ....................................................................................................................... 65

Gambar 5. 10 Peta Peruntukan Lahan ................................................................................................ 65

Gambar 5. 11 Aplikasi Memanfaatkan Pencahayaan Alami dengan Double Skin ............................... 74

Gambar 5. 12 Aplikasi AC Central All Water System ........................................................................... 76

Gambar 5. 13 Pemasangan Dinding pada Plat Lantai.......................................................................... 76

Gambar 5. 14 Skema Intake Fan & Execourse Fan pada Basement .................................................... 77

Gambar 5. 15 Alur Penyaluran Air Bersih ............................................................................................ 78

Gambar 5. 16 Alur Distribusi Listrik..................................................................................................... 79

Gambar 5. 17 Rincian Konsumsi Energi untuk Berbagai Tipe Bangunan ............................................. 80

Gambar 5. 18 Komponen – Komponen Perpindahan Panas Melalui Selubung Bangunan .................. 84

Gambar 5. 19 Dampak Bentuk & Orientasi Bangunan terhadap OTTV (W/m2)6 ................................. 86

Gambar 5. 20 Dampak WWR pada Penghematan Energi ................................................................... 86

Gambar 5. 21 Dampak SHGC pada Penghematan Energi .................................................................... 86

Gambar 5. 22 Jenis Peneduh Overhang dan Potensi Pengehematan Energi ...................................... 87

Gambar 5. 23 Jenis Produksi pvertical (atas) Eggcrate (bawah) dan Potensi Penghematan Energi .... 88

Gambar 5. 24 Pengurangan Transmisi Panas dengan Peneduh Horizontal ......................................... 89

Gambar 5. 25 Contoh Kinerja Tipikal Reflektor Cahaya ...................................................................... 90

Gambar 5. 26 Aplikasi Reflektor Cahaya ............................................................................................. 91

Gambar 5. 27 Kinerja Termal Sistem Penetras .................................................................................... 91

Gambar 5. 28 Perbndingan Suhu Permukaan untuk Material Kaca & Dinding Bata ........................... 91

Gambar 5. 29 Atap Hijau dan Atap Logam dengan Lapisan Insulasi.................................................... 93

Gambar 5. 30 Contoh Bahan Selubung Bangunan dan Transmisi Panasnya ....................................... 93

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2. 1 Standar Kebutuhan Lift ....................................................................................................... 12

Tabel 2. 2 Standar Kebutuhan Toilet ................................................................................................... 12

Tabel 2. 3 Fasilitas Rental Office ......................................................................................................... 15

Tabel 2. 4 Analisa Ruang Kegiatan, Fungsi Ruang, dan Pelaku Kegiatan ............................................ 26

Tabel 2. 5 Kesimpulan Studi Banding Rental Office ............................................................................ 31

Tabel 2. 6 Kesimpulan Studi Banding Creative HUB ............................................................................ 33

Tabel 3. 1 Peta Surabaya ..................................................................................................................... 39

Tabel 3. 2 Posisi Unit Pengembangan Tunjungan terhadap Unit Pengembangan Lainya ................... 44

Tabel 3. 3 Lokasi Site 1 ........................................................................................................................ 49

Tabel 3. 4 Peta Peruntukan Lahan ...................................................................................................... 49

Tabel 3. 5 Lokasi Site 2 ........................................................................................................................ 51

Tabel 3. 6 Lokasi Site 3 ........................................................................................................................ 52

Tabel 5. 1 Tabel Kelompok Aktivitas Pelaku Kegiatan di Lingkungan Rental Office............................. 56

Tabel 5. 2 Tabel Pendekatan Kebutuhan Ruang .................................................................................. 57

Tabel 5. 3 Kriteria Jenis Usaha Berdasarkan Jumlah Tenaga Kerja ...................................................... 67

Tabel 5. 4 Kebutuhan Parkir ................................................................................................................ 73