TOOLSTEEL-6 baja
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Transcript of TOOLSTEEL-6 baja
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1Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Indonesia2007
TOOL STEEL (BAJA PERKAKAS)
Dr.-Ing. Ir. Bambang SuharnoDr. Ir. Sri Harjanto
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
DEFINISI: Semua Jenis Baja yang dipergunakan sebagai perkakas(tool)
Biasanya dipergunakan untuk
CUTTING Part/ SHAPING/ Component
FORMING
Kondisi selama pemakaian:
Beban yang Tinggi dan Tiba-tiba(Very high & rapidly loads)
Temperatur Operasi yang Tinggi(Very high temperature)
Pendahuluan
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Tool Steel merupakan paduankompleks yang mengandungsejumlah besar unsur:
Carbon (C) Tungsten (W) Molybden (Mo) Vanadium (V) Mangan (Mn) Chrom (Cr)
Kebanyakan Tool Steel dibuat: Wrought Product (Rolling) Precision Casting (Cor
Khusus)
Powder Metallurgy (Serbuk)
Pembuatan Tool Steel: Peleburan pada EAF dengan
kapasitas relatif kecil (small tonage EAF)
Dimurnikan dengan Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD)
Pengurangan gas/ kotoran (Degassing)
Effisiensi paduan (Alloy Efficiency)
Pendahuluan
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Pembuatan Tool Steel
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2Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Harus tahan terhadap softening (pelunakan) material pada Temperatur tinggi (Kemampuanmempertahankan high red hardness atauhot hardness)
Harus tahan terhadap wear (keausan), deformation (perubahan bentuk) & perpatahan
Harus Tangguh (toughness) untuk menyerapbeban yang besar dan tiba-tiba
Sifat Mampu Mesin (Machinability)
Sifat-sifat Penting Tool Steel
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Cutting : Mata Bor Mata Potong Mesin Frais
Shearing : Punches Blanking Dies
Forming : Menekan logam menjadi
bentuk
seperti bentuk tool nya baikdlm
keadaan dingin/ panas
(Termasuk Die Casting)
Drawing/ Extrusion Rolling
Penggunaan Tool Steel
Kekerasan TinggiKekuatan TinggiTahan AusKetangguhan TinggiTahan Panas(Red Hardness Tinggi)
Sifat Yang Diinginkan:
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
MikrostrukturMikrostruktur dandanSifatSifat MekanisMekanis ::
CC-- STEELSTEEL ALLOY STEEL & ALLOY STEEL & TOOL STEELTOOL STEEL
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Jenis Tool Steel
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3Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Jenis Tool Steel
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Baja yang dapat menjaga kekerasanyang tinggi saat digunakan
Penggunaan Untuk High Speed Cutting
Jenis : Group M (Alloy Molybdenum) Group T (Alloy Tungsten = W)
Aplikasi : Cutting Tools Bor Bubut
PERGERAKAN DISLOKASI dihindari/ terhalang oleh pengerasan dispersiakibat adanya metal karbida(jumlah banyak, keras, tahan aus)
High Speed Steel (HSS)
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
High Speed Steel (M dan T series)
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Dipergunakan untuk kombinasi:
Heat Operasi Manufaktur
Pressure - Shearing, Punching,
Abrasion - Metal forming
Pada Temperatur tinggi
Cocok Untuk: Dies untuk Ekstrusi Hot Forging Die Casting Hot Shears
Hot Work Tool Steel
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4Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Hot Work Tool Steel (H10 H42)
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Sifat Hot Hardness baik memiliki elemen paduan
pembentuk carbida yang stabil dan keras (tahanterhadap softening padatemp tinggi)
Total Kandungan Cr, Mo dan W = min. 5 %
Chromium Hot Work Tool Steel Digunakan untuk logam
dengan TL rendah (Al, Mg)
Tungsten & Mo HWTS Untuk TL Tinggi (Brass, Ni,
Alloys Steel)
Klasifikasi:
Hot Work Cr Base (H11-H19) Min 3,25% Cr, sedikit
V,W,Mo,C
Untuk ekstrusion dies, die casting dies, forging dies
Hot Work W Base (H21 H 26) Tahan high temp softening Tahan thd brittleness Untuk extrusion dies for
brass, Ni, Steel
Hot Work Mo Base (Mo 8%, Cr 4%, sedikit W & V)
Tahan heat cracking
Hot Work Tool Steel
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Pengaruh Unsur
Strong carbide former, (M6C/ Fe4W2C), abrasion resistant particle, ketahanan hot hardness
Tungsten (W)
Strong carbide former VC or V4C3, grain refinement (good toughness), hot hardness
Vanadium (V)
Carbide former ( M6C / Fe4Mo2C),High Temperature Strength, toughness, Hot hardness
Molibdenum (Mo)
Meningkatkan kekuatan dan kekerasan, meningkatkan hot hardness, weak carbide former
Kobalt (Co)
Carbide Former (Cr23C6) meningkatkan kekerasandan ketahanan aus
Khromium
Pembentuk Karbida yang meningkatkan Kekerasan, Kekuatan, Keausan
Karbon (C)
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
.
Application AreaApplication Area Specific ApplicationSpecific Application
Hot Forging Tool and Dies : Dies and Insert; Forging machine
y Dies for presses and hammer: H20, H21y For severe condition
over extended service period : H22-H26
Hot Extrusion and Dies :Extrusion dies and , mandrel; Dummy block; Valve extrusion tool
y Extrusion dies dummy block; : H21 -H26y Tool exposed to less
heat: H10 - H14, H16
Cold Forming Dies : Bending; Forming; Drawing; Deep Drawing Dies and Punches
y Cold-heading die casings : H13
.
Application AreaApplication Area Specific ApplicationSpecific Application
Shearing Tools :Dies for pierching, punching, and triming; Shear blade
y For shearing knives : H11, H12y For severe hot
shearing application: H21, H25
Dies Casting and Molding Dies :
y For Aluminum and lead; : H11, H13y For brass : H21
Structural Part for Sever Service Condition
y For air craft components (Landing gear, arrester hook, rocket cases) : H11
Aplikasi Hot Work Tool Steel
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5Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
13.6 13.7 13.3 12.8 12.1 11.4 10.5
~700 oC~600 oC~500 oC~400 oC~300 oC~200 oC~100 oCCoefficient of thermal expansion(x10-6/oC)
0.0721 0.0712 0.0624 0.0687 0.0707 0.0702 0.0605 0.0569
700 oC600 oC500 oC400 oC300 oC200 oC100 oC25 oCThermal conductivity (cal/cm.sec.oC)
53 HRC max. 229 HB (20.5 HRC) max.
TemperedAnnealedHardness
550 - 650(Air cooling)
1,000 - 1,050(Air cooling)
820 - 870(Slow cooling) 1,100 - 900
TemperingHardeningAnnealingForgingHeat treatment (oC)
0.80 - 1.20 1.00 - 1.50 4.50 - 5.50 max 0.500.80-1.20 0.32-0.42
V Mo Cr MnSiC Composition (%)
KDA-1 DAC W302 8407 H13 1.2344 SKD61
NIPPON KOSHUHA HITACHI BOHLER ASSAB AISI DIN JIS Equivalent
- Al, Zn, die caster mold- Mold's accessories (Plunger sleeve, chip etc.)
Applications
1. Finely distributed spherical carbides2. Excellent quenching nature3. Excellent softening resistance under high temperature4. Excellent heat impact and fatigue resistance5. Excellent erosion resistance to molten
Features
MATERIAL H13 = SKD 61
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Tipe Baja dan KekerasanPada Komponen Die Casting
P a d u a n y a n g d i b u a tK o m p o n e n
P b , Z n , S n A l & M g C u & b r a s s
C a v i t y i n s e r t s
P 2 0 a t 2 9 0 - 3 3 0 H B ( a )H 1 1 a t 4 5 - 5 0 H R CH 1 3 a t 4 6 - 5 0 H R C
H 1 3 a t 4 2 - 4 8 H R C
H 1 2 a t 4 2 - 4 8 H R C
D I N 1 . 2 3 6 7 a t 3 8 - 4 4H R CH 2 0 , H 2 1 , H 2 2 a t4 4 - 4 8 H R C
C o r e sH 1 3 a t 4 6 - 5 2 H R C H 1 3 a t 4 4 - 4 8 H R C
D I N 1 . 2 3 6 7 A t 4 2 -4 8 H R C
D I N 1 . 2 3 6 7 a t 4 0 - 4 6H R C
C o r e P i n sH 1 3 a t 4 8 - 5 2 H R C D I N 1 . 2 3 6 7
P r e h a r d e n e d t o 3 7 -4 0 H R C
D I N 1 . 2 3 6 7P r e h a r d e n e d t o 3 7 -4 0 H R C
S p r u e p a r t sH 1 3 a t 4 8 - 5 2 H R C H 1 3 a t 4 6 - 4 8 H R C
D I N 1 . 2 3 6 7 a t 4 4 -4 6 H R C
D I N 1 . 2 3 6 7 a t 4 2 - 4 6H R C
N o z z l eT y p e 4 2 0 a t 4 0 - 4 4H R C
H 1 3 a t 4 2 - 4 8 H R C D I N 1 . 2 3 6 7 a t 4 0 - 4 4H R CH 1 3 a t 4 2 - 4 8 H R C
E j e c t o r p i n s H 1 3 a t 4 6 - 5 0 H R C ( b ) H 1 3 a t 4 6 - 5 0 H R C( b )H 1 3 a t 4 6 - 5 0H R C ( b )
P l u n g e r s h o ts l e e v e
H 1 3 a t 4 6 - 5 0H R C ( b )
H 1 3 a t 4 2 - 4 8H R C ( b )D I N 1 . 2 3 6 7 a t 4 2 -4 8H R C ( b )
H 1 3 a t 4 2 - 4 6H R C ( b )D I N 1 . 2 3 6 7 a t 4 2 - 4 6H R C ( b )
H o l d e rb l o c k s
4 1 4 0p r e h a r d e n e d t o3 0 0 H B
4 1 4 0 p r e h a r d e n e dt o3 0 0 H B
4 1 4 0 p r e h a r d e n e d t o3 0 0 H B
( a ) F o r s h o r t - r u n z in c c a s t i n g o n l y ; ( b ) n i t r id e d . S o u r c e : D ie S t e e l a n d I p r o v e d P r o d u c t iv i t y i n D ieC a s t i n g , p r o d u c t l it e r a t u r f r o m U d d e lh o m N o r t h A m e r i c a
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia Perlakuan Panas
SKD 61- Annealing : 850 OC , t = 1 jam-Austenisasi : preheating 650 OC, t=30 mnt
1010 OC = 1 jampendinginan udara
-Tempering : 550 - 650 (OC), t = 1 jampendinginan udara
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Annealing850O C(SKD 61)
(60 mnt)
Preheat650 o C
(30 mnt)
Austenisasi1010o C (60 mnt)
Temper(500,550,600 oC)
Siklus Perlakuan Panas
Temp (oC)
Waktu (menit)
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6Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Tidak Tahan TerhadapSoftening pada Temp. Tinggi
Temp Operasi < 260 oC Terdapat 3 Kelompok: Group A :
Air Hardening
Group B : High C, High Cr Steel
Goup O :Oil Hardening
Cold Work Tool Steel
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia Cold Work Tool Steel
Cr : < 0.85 %
C : 0.85 1.5%
High Wear Resitant at T rendah
Poor Resistant to Softening pada T tinggi
Aplikasi: Dies, punches for blanking, trimming, drawing & forming
Cr : 11 13.5 %
C : 1.4 2.5 %
Kebanyakan Air Hardening
Excellent wear resistant, Non Deforming Properties, Good Abrasion Resistance, Minimum dimensional change in hardening
Aplikasi : dies for blanking, forming, deep drawing, shear & Slitter knives
Cr: 4.75 5.5 %
C: 0.5 1.5 %
Selama Hardening tendensi untuk distorsi cracks,
Aplikasi : shear knives, punches, blanking, trimming dies
KELOMPOK O (Oil Hardening)
KELOMPOK D (High C, High Cr)
KELOMPOK A (Air Hardening)
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Cold Work Tool Steel
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
SHOCK RESISTINGPaduan Utama
Mn, Si, Cr, W & Mo C = 0.5 %Ciri-Ciri
Kekuatan Tinggi Toughness Tinggi Wear resistance sedangAplikasi
Digunakan untuk aplikasi yang ketangguhan nya tinggi sertatahan terhadap beban shock
LOW ALLOYS SPECIALS Karbon Tinggi (0.45 1%) Sedikit Cr, V, Ni, Mo Oil Hardening Digunakan sbg Machine Part Kombinasi antara good strength &
good toughness
Untuk Bearing = AISI 52100WATER HARDENING TOOL STEEL Pada dasarnya C Steel (0.6 1.4%) Sedikit Cr: hardenability, tahan wear Sedikit Va: fine Austenite grain size,
ketangguhan tinggi
Untuk Wood Working Tools
SHOCK RESISTING (S), LOW ALLOY SPECIAL SHOCK RESISTING (S), LOW ALLOY SPECIAL PURPOSE (L), WATER HARDENING (W) STEELPURPOSE (L), WATER HARDENING (W) STEEL
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7Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia TOOL STEEL (S, L, W dan P)
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Material CetakanPada Aplikasi Plastik
P r o s e s M a t e r i a l J e n i s B a j aK e k e r a s a n y a n g
d i r e k o m e n d a s i k a n( H R C )
I n j e c t i o n M o l d i n g T h e r m o p la s t i c P 2 0 ( a )P 6 ( b )
S 7H 1 34 2 0
E l m a x
3 35 4 5 85 4 5 84 5 5 45 0 5 45 8 6 0
I n j e c t i o n M o l d i n g T h e r m o s e t S 7A 2D 2
E l m a x ( c )A S P 2 3 ( d )
5 4 5 85 8 6 05 8 6 05 8 6 06 0 6 4
C o m p r e s s i o nM o l d i n g
T h e r m o s e t S 74 2 0
E l m a x ( c )D 2
A S P 2 3 ( d )
5 4 5 85 2 5 45 8 6 05 8 6 06 0 6 4
B l o w M o l d i n g G e n e r a lt h e r m o s e t / t h e r m o p l
a s t i c P o l y v i n y lc h l o r i d e
P 2 0 ( a )4 2 0
4 2 0 F
3 3 ( - 3 1 0 )4 5 5 4
3 7 ( - 3 4 0 )
E k s t r u s i o n G e n e r a lT h e r m o s e t / t h e r m o
p l a s t i cp o l y v i n y l c h l o r i d e
P 2 0 ( a )4 2 0
4 2 0 F
3 3 ( - 3 1 0 )4 5 5 4
3 7 ( - 3 4 0 )
H o l d e r M a t e r i a l G e n e r a lt h e r m o s e t / t h e r m o p l
a s t i c
4 1 3 0 /4 1 3 5 ( e )4 2 0 F
3 3 ( - 3 1 0 )3 7 ( - 3 4 0 )
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Ciri : C rendah (< 0.4%) Paduan : Cr, Ni, Mo, V Penggunaan:
Low temp die casting dies Mold untuk plastic injection
Tipe P 21 Ditambah Al (1-1.25%) Precipitation hardening
steel
HRC 32 -36 Excellent Polishability
Mold Tool Steel (P)
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
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8Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Performance Tool Steel: Hot Hardness VS Toughness Wear Resistance VS Toughness Nilai 9 Tertinggi, 1 Terendah
Idealnya High Toughness High Hot Hardness High Wear Resitant
Sulit, biasanya 2 faktor oke, 1 faktor kompromi
Pemilihan Tool Steel (Resume)
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Guide Pemilihan Tool Steel (Toughness vsHot Hardness)
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia
Guide Pemilihan Tool Steel (Toughness vsWear Resistant)
Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials FTUI
University of Indonesia Tugas Pembuatan Power Point
MANGANESE STEEL (1, 7) HIGH-CHROMIUM WHITE IRON (2, 8) PEARLITIC CHROME MOLY STEEL (3, 9) HIGH STRENGTH LOW ALLOY STEELS (4, X) QUENCHED & TEMPERED STEELS (5, Y) PEARLITIC IRONS (6, Z)
Kumpulkan saat mid test Hari Rabu 29 Oktober 2008, dalambentuk soft copy.