T E N S E S b. Inggris

8/2/2019 T E N S E S b. Inggris

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T E N S E S

Kata Tenses berasal dari kata TEMPUS (bahasa latin) yang berarti waktu/time, dan

diperoleh melalui Bahasa Prancis yaitu Temps. Tenses adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja dalam tata

bahasa yang menunjukan waktu terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa dan tahap

penyelesaiannya.

I. PRESENT (Waktu Sekarang)

1. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)

Rumus :

+ } S + V1 + O/C

- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C

? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C

POLA:

Subject + Verb 1 + .

They / We

I / You

Subject + Verb s-es + .

He / She

It

FUNGSI:

a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi

berulangulang dan terus menerus.

Contoh :

The students go to school everyday.

She studies English twice a week.

I go to church on Sundays

We celebrate our independence day once in a year.


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b. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth).

Contoh:

The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.

The earth revolves round the sun.

The pineapple never grows up on a tree.c. Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya.

When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked

man enters.

KETERANGAN WAKTU:

a. Every morning/day/week/month/yearb. Once, twice, three times, four times, c. Adverb of frequency : always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.

2. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)

POLA :

Subyek + to be (is, am, are) + V-ing

FUNGSI;

a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu diucapkan.Contoh:

They are still playing at the moment.

She is reading a novel now.

b. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung tetapi belum tentu sedangberlangsung ketika pernyataan diucapkan.

Contoh:

I am learning French this year.

Mr. Brown is teaching English.

KETERANGAN WAKTU: Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now, today.

Note : Ketika ada kata kerja seperti: Look!, Listen!, Watch!, Notice! ( Imperative), maka

tenses nya Present Continuous.

Contoh: * Look! The man is climbing.* Listen! The girls next door are singing my favourite song.


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3. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)

POLA:

He/she/it + Has + Verb 3 + Object/adverb

They/we/you/i + Have + Verb 3 + Object/adverb

FUNGSI :

a. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya

tidak tertentu.

Contoh :

William Shakespeare has written many short stories.

I have swept the floor. It looks clean now.

b. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi diwaktu yang akan datang.

Contoh:

My friends and I have gone to Bali.

Shinta has visited her grand parents many times.

KETERANGAN WAKTU: Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)

POLA :

He/she/it + Has + been + Verb 1-Ing + Object/adverb

They/we/I/you + Have + been + Verb 1-Ing + Object/adverb

FUNGSI :

a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dansampai sekarang masih berlangsung.

Contoh:

My sister has been studying English for three months.

The students have been doingthe test since 11 oclock.


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b. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang diawali pada masa lampaudan baru saja selesai pada saat bicara.

Contoh :

Oh, its very tiring! Ive been doing it all day

KETERANGAN WAKTU: For, since.

II. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)

a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)POLA:

Subject + Verb 2 + Object/adverb

FUNGSI:

Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Contoh:

I met my music teacher yesterday.

My mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.

Rendy closed the window five minutes ago.

The students presented their project work this morning.

KETERANGAN WAKTU:

- Last . - ago - This afternoon- Just now - This morning - Yesterday-b . Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)

POLA:

Subject + was + Verb- ing

were

FUNGSI:

a. Untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.Contoh:

I was studyingat my friends house.

My parents were chatting in the living room.


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b. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktulampau, dimana peristiwa lain juga terjadi.

Contoh:

When I was studying, someone knocked the door.

When I was walking to school, I met Dian sastro.

c. Past Perfect tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)

POLA:

Subject + Had + Verb 3 + Object/adverb

FUNGSI:

Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau muncul.

Contoh:

The teachers went home after they had finished teaching.

When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle

KETERANGAN WAKTU: when, after, before.

d . Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)

Pola :

S + had + been + V1 ing + Object/adverd

Fungsi :

Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang telah berlangsung selama beberapa saat

ketika terjadi peristiwa atau perbuatan lainnya pada masa lampau.

Contoh :

We had been talking about the problems for an hour when they came.

Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang diawali pada masa lampau dan berhenti

ataupun terus berlangsung sampai waktu lampau berikutnya.

Contoh :

I had been playing here for an hour when my friends finally appeared.


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III. FUTURE TENSES (Akan Datang)

a. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau kejadian yang terjadi di masa yang akan datang.

Rumus :

(Positive) : S + shall/will + V1

(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + V1

(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + V1

Examples:

(Positive) :

I shall see you tonight

He will speaks English well soon

They will do their homework tomorrow

(Negative) :I will not see you toninght

He will not speaks English well soon

They will not do their homework

(Interrogative) :

Will you see her tonight?

Will he speaks English well soon?

Will they do their homework?

b. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)Future Continuous digunakan untuk aktivitas yang terjadi dalam periode waktu mendatang. Contoh:

- This week Im working in Boston, but next week Ill be working in Los Angeles.- Where will you be staying? Ill be staying at the Warwick Hotel.

Bentuk

Future Continuous dibentuk dengan Subjeb + will + be + kata kerja + bentuk-ing. Contoh:

I will be arriving at 4.00. They will be staying for a few days. She will be going to America.

Untuk bentuk negatif ditambahkan not, contoh:

I wont be arriving at 4.00. We wont be staying for a few days. She wont be going to America.


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Untuk bentuk pertanyaan posisi willditukar dengan posisi subjek, contoh:

Will you be arriving at 4.00? Will they be staying for a few days? Will she be going to America?

Kegunaan

Future Continuous juga digunakan untuk sebuah aktivitas yang terjadi sekitar waktu tertentu. Contoh:

Ill be arriving at 7.00. (Saya akan tiba sekitar pukul 7.00) Ill be seeing you at Mikes birthday party.

c. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)

Future perfect tensedigunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau kejadian yang telah dimulai pada waktu

lampau yang akan sudah/belum selesai dilakukan di masa yang akan datang.

Pola kalimat future perfect tense.

Pola I

(+) S + will + have + V3

(-) S + will + not + have + V3

(?) Will + S + have + V3

Pola II

(+) S + will + have + been + Adj/Adv/N

(-) S + will + not + have + been + Adj/Adv/N

(?) Will + S + have + been + Adj/Adv/N

Contoh kalimat pola I:

We will have arrived by three oclock.

She will not have finished her study by this time next month.

Will they have received the parcel by tomorrow morning?

Contoh kalimat pola II:

I will have been here for six month on June 1st.

She will not have been in Surabaya by the end of this month.

Will you have been here for five years next June?


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Catatan

Saat menggunakan future perfect tensedalam percakapan, subjectdan willsering disingkat. Bahkan

terkadang subject, willdan havedisingkat sekaligus.

Illhave been here for six month on June 1st.

Illvebeen here for six month on June 1st.

d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)

Kita menggunakan tenses ini untuk menyatakan tindakan-tindakan yang sedang akan terjadi pada waktutertentu di masa yang akan datang. Beberapa ekspresi waktu yang umum digunakan dalam FuturePerfect Continuous:

- By tomorrow / 8 oclock- This year / month / week

- Next year / month / week

Bentuk

Subjek + will + have + been + Verb+ing. Contoh:

We will have been driving 6 hours by the time we get home.In the summer Mike will have been trying to find a new job for five months.

Jane will be very tired when she comes home, because she will have been flying over 24 hours. My father and I will have been breeding sheep for 20 years tomorrow. By the year 2020, linguists will have been studying and defining the Indo-European language

family for more than 200 years.

VI. PAST FUTURE TENSE (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

a. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)Yaitu bentuk waktu yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dikerjakan pada masa

lampau.

Kalimat Positif : Subject + should/would + verb1

Contoh :

1. I Should eat two days ago.

2. Oki Would study so that he graduate.

Kalimat Negatif : Subject + Should/would + not + verb1Contoh :

1. They would not promise if they cant fulfill the promise.2. She would not drive on highway.


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Kalimat Tanya : Should/would + Subject + verb1

Contoh :

1. Would He go to Himalaya ?

2. Would you eat all food in that party ?

b. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau) Yaitu bentuk waktu yang menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan sedang berlangsung di

masa lampau.

Kalimat Positif : Subject + Should/would + be + verb1 + ing

Contoh :

1. I would be studying.

2. He would be traveling.

Kalimat Negatif : Subject + should/would + not + be + verb1 + ingContoh :

1. Neo would not be expelling singing beggar.

2. Eka would not be laughing alone.

Kalimat Tanya : should/would + Subject + be + verb1 + ing

Contoh :

1. Would Gunawan be nailing the shoes ?

2. Would Andro needing some nail ?

c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)

Yaitu, bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan

sempurna di masa lampau.

Kalimat Positif : Subject + Should/would + have + verb3

Contoh :

1. I hoped that you would have married before you worked here

2. Wawan would have hit his enemy when that friend come.

Kalimat Negatif : Subject + Should/would + not + have + verb3

Contoh :

1. He would not have dried the dress.

2. We should not have stayed here.


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Kalimat Tanya : Should/would + Subject + have + verb3

Contoh :1. Should not I have paid if I had come here?

2. Would not he have married if he had worked here ?

d . Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Yaitu digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah terjadi dan akan

berlangsung mendatang di masa yang lampau.

Kalimat Positif : Subject + should/would + have + been + verb + ing

Contoh :

1. By last January I should have been working in this office for three year.

2. By last Fast day she would have been living this a new house for two months.

Kalimat Negatif : Subject + should/would + not + have + been + verb + ing

Contoh :

1. I should not have been working in this office for three years by last January.

2. She would not have been talking.

Kalimat Tanya : should/would + subject + have + been + verb + ing

Contoh :

1. Should I have been working ini this office for three years by last January ?

2. Would she have been theaching grammar for two months by last Saturday ?

T E N S E S b. Inggris

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