NUR ANISAHBAGIAN HISTOLOGI & BIOLOGI SEL, FAKULTASKEDOKTERAN, UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA, YOGYAKARTASISTEM REPRODUKSI WANITA

Sistem reproduksi wanita memilikienam fungsi utama: Menghasilkan gamet betina, yaitu ovum, melalui proses oogenesis Menerima gamet jantan, yaitu spermatozoa Menyediakan lingkungan yang sesuai untuk pembuahan ovum oleh spermatozoa Menyediakan lingkungan yang sesuai untuk perkembangan janin Merupakan alat untuk mengeluarkan janin matang ke lingkungan luar Nutrisi untuk bayi baru lahir

GAMBARAN UMUM SISTEM REPRODUKSI WANITA KOMPONEN SISTEM Ovarium (indung telur) Tuba uterina (tuba Falopii/oviduct) Uterus (rahim) Vagina Apparatus genitalia externa

ORGANA GENITALIA FEMININAORGANA GENITALIA EXTERNA

ORGANA GENITALIA INTERNA

Organa genitalia femininainterna dan externa lateral organa genitalia feminina

Figure . Internal organs of the female reproductive system.

1. Ovarium Organ ini merupakan gonade Tersusun oleh: - folikel-folikel perkembangan telur (ovum) - setelah folikel masak, ovum dilepaskan, sedangkan folikel yg tertinggal membentuk corpus luteum: memproduksi hormon estrogen & progesteron

Figure 232. Ovary of a woman of reproductive age showing its main components: germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, cortical region, and medullary region.

Figure. Photomicrograph of part of an ovary showing the cortical and medullary regions. H&E stain. Low magnification.Ovary human, H&E

Folliculus ovariiFolliculus primordialisPertumbuhan follikel: a. Folliculi primarius: i. Folliculus primarius unilaminarius ii. Folliculus multilaminarius b. Folliculus secundariusFolliculus maturus = folliculus de GraafFolliculus atreticus

Fig. Types of ovarian follicles, from primordial to mature. The relative proportions of the follicles are not maintained in this drawing.

Perkembangan folikelFolliculus ovariiEpitelCortex

Figure 236. Cortical region of an ovary. Besides primordial follicles formed by an oocyte and flat follicular cells, a few follicles at the initial stage of growth (unilaminar primary follicles) are present. These are formed by an oocyte and one layer of cuboidal granulosa cells. Pararosanilinetoluidine blue (PT) stain. Low magnification.

Figure 237. Photomicrograph of a preantral ovarian follicle formed by an oocyte and several layers of granulosa cells. The oocyte is surrounded by the zona pellucida. Picrosirius-hematoxylin (PSH) stain. Medium magnification.

FolliculussecundariusFolliculus de Graaf

Figure 239. Photomicrograph of part of an antral follicle. Cavities (A) that appear in the granulosa layer will fuse and form one large cavity, the antrum. The oocyte is surrounded by the zona pellucida. Granulosa cells (G) surround the oocyte and cover the wall of the follicle. A theca can be seen around the follicle. H&E. Medium magnification.

Figure 2310. Photomicrograph of an antral follicle showing the oocyte surrounded by the granulosa cells of the corona radiata and supported by the cells of the cumulus oophorus. The remaining granulosa cells form the wall of the follicle and surround the large antrum. A theca surrounds the whole follicle. PT stain. Medium magnification.

Figure 2311. Photomicrograph of a small part of the wall of an antral follicle, showing the antrum, the layer of granulosa cells, and the thecas. The theca interna surrounds the follicle, and its cells appear lightly stained because their cytoplasm contains lipid droplets, a characteristic of steroid-producing cells. The theca interna is surrounded by the theca externa, which merges with the stroma of the ovary. A basement membrane separates the granulosa layer from the theca interna. PT stain. High magnification.

Figure 2312. Photomicrograph of the atresia of a follicle characterized by: (1) the death of granulosa cells, many of which are seen loose in the antrum; (2) loss of the cells of the corona radiata; and (3) the oocyte floating free within the antrum. PT stain. Medium magnification.

Figure 2313. Part of a corpus luteum. Granulosa lutein cells, which constitute the majority of the cells, derive from the granulosa layer. They are larger and stain more lightly than the theca lutein cells, which originate from the theca interna.

Figure 2314. Photomicrograph of a small portion of a corpus luteum. Most cells present in the figure are granulosa lutein cells. PT stain. High magnification.

Figure 2315. Pituitary hormones control most ovarian functions. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates follicular growth and synthesis of estrogen by the granulosa cells.

- Luteinizing hormone (LH) induces ovulation and transforms the granulosa layer and the theca interna into an actively secreting gland, the corpus luteum.

- Estrogen and progesterone produced in the ovary act on the hypothalamus, stimulating or inhibiting the liberation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Figure 2316. Corpus albicans, the scar of connective tissue that replaces a corpus luteum after its involution.

Corpus luteum

Corpus albicansmrpk massa jar. fibrosa tidak aktifGamb. utama ovarium manusia, jumlahnya meningkat dng usia, sering tampak menempati hampir seluruh jar. stroma ovarium

2. Tuba uterina (oviduct)Terdapat sepasang, panjang 12 cmMenjaring ovum yang telah lepasSebagai tempat utama fertilisasiMembawa ovum ke uterus, baik yang sudah mengalami fertilisasi maupun yang belum mengalami fertilisasi, transportasi zygot ke uterus

Bagian-bagian tuba uterinaPars interstitialisIsthmusAmpullaInfundibulum, lanjutan lapisan mukosanya berbentuk seperti jari-jari fimbriae

Figure 2317. Photomicrograph of part of the wall of an oviduct. The highly folded mucosa indicates that this region is close to the ovary. PT stain. Low magnification.

Figure 2318. Photomicrograph of the epithelial lining of an oviduct. The epithelial lining is formed by ciliated and more darkly staining nonciliated secretory cells. Ciliated cells contribute to the movement of the oocyte or conceptus to the uterus. PT stain. High magnification.

Struktur dinding tuba uterina1. Tunika mukosa: Epithelium simplex columnare: a. Kolumner bersilia b. Peg cells berukuran rendah, diantara sel-sel bersilia, mensekresi mukus: - menolong transportasi ovum dan menghalang-halangi masuknya bakteri ke cavum peritonii2. Tunika muskularis: lamina circularis internus dan longitudinale externus kontraksi otot ini menggerakkan ovum menuju uterus3. Tunika serosa

Tuba uterina (tuba Fallopii)

Ampula & ismus tuba uterina

3. UterusDilapisi oleh mukosa (endometrium) yg mengalami perubahan-perubahan struktur berkala dikendalikan oleh hormon ovariumBerperan sebagai tempat implantasi dan pemberian makanan ovum yg telah mengalami fertilisasi

Bagian-bagian uterus: Badan = body atau corpus Fundus Cervix atau leher

Struktur dinding uterus:Fundus dan corpus disusun oleh 3 lapisan: - Myometrium: otot polos 4 lapis - Endometrium: mukosa uterus t.d.: selapis epitel kolumner, lamina propria, gld. tubuler simplex. Endometrium : - stratum fungsionale - stratum basale - Tunika serosa atau adventitia: Jar. ikat

UterusFundusTumor otot /LeiomyomaBodyEndocervixCervix

Ectocervix

Tipe leiomyoma kecil

Endoserviks

Serviks uteri

Carsinoma cervixSel epitel cervix

Sel epitel abnormal

Membana basalisStroma

Korpus uteri fase haid

Vagina

Mrpk organ serupa tabung ini membantu mendorong sperma melalui cervix Cairan di dalam lumen vagina menambah motilitas sperma Di bawah pengaruh estrogen, epitel vagina menebal dan sel-selnya menimbun glikogen, yg dilepaskan ke dalam lumen selama proses pengelupasan.

Vagina

Vagina

5. Apparatus genitalia externa Terdiri atas : - Clitoris - Labium mayus - Labium minus Mengandung sejumlah besar ujung-ujung serabut saraf berperan di dalam merangsang gairah seksual

Siklus menstruasiUterus Lap. Mukosa: - endometrium - miometriumPerubahan siklis endometrium berlangsung melalui 2 fase: * Fase proliferasi * Fase sekresi

Endometrium proliferatif

Endometrium proliferatif

Endometrium

Endometrium

Endometrium: permulaan menstruasi

Permukaan endometrium

Endometrium: pasca menopause

Endometrium pasca menopause

Miometrium

Fertilisasi dan implantasi

Plasenta

Desiduaa. desidua hub. Perkembangan fetus&plasentab. desidua : - parietalis(DP) - capsularis (DC) - basalis (DB)c. sel desidua: - poligonal - nukleus tercat pucat - granula sitoplasma eosinofilik

Desidua

Plasenta tahap awal

Bagian tepi vilus

Plasenta muda

Plasenta tua

Plasenta tua

Membran janin

Funikulus umbilikalis

Funikulus umbilikalis (tali pusat)

GLANDULA MAMMAE

- Schematic drawing of the female breast showing inactive and active mammary glands.

- Each lactiferous duct with its accompanying smaller ducts is a gland in itself and constitutes the lobes of the gland.

Figure 2328. Changes in the mammary gland. A: In nonpregnant women, the gland is quiescent and undifferentiated, and its duct system is inactive. B: During pregnancy, alveoli proliferate at the ends of the ducts and prepare for the secretion of milk. C: During lactation, alveoli are fully differentiated, and milk secretion is abundant. Once lactation is completed, the gland reverts to the nonpregnant condition.

Glandula mammae

STRUKTUR MAMMAETerdiri dari : Jaringan alveolar (kelenjar susu) : * lobus-lobus dipisahkan oleh j. ikat & j. lemak * setiap lobus bermuara ke ductus lactiferus (saluran air susu) * Saluran limfe sebagai plexus halus dalam septum interlobularis jaringan kelenjar membentuk saluran yang lebih besar

Photomicrograph of lactating mammary gland.

Several alveoli are filled with milk, visible as granular material.

The vacuoles in the lumen and in the alveolar cell cytoplasm represent the lipid portion of milk.

PT stain. Medium magnification.

Figure 2330. Secreting cells from the mammary gland. From left to right, note the accumulation and extrusion of lipids and proteins. The proteins are released through exocytosis.

Glandula mammae

Kelenjar mamma non-aktif

Glandula mammae selama kehamilan

Glandula mammae dalam masa laktasi

Kelenjar mamma dalam masa laktasi

ORGANA GENITALIA FEMININAORGANA GENITALIA EXTERNA

ORGANA GENITALIA INTERNA

ORGANA GENITALIA EXTERNACLITORISVESTIBULUMLABIUM MINUSLABIUM MAYUSKELENJAR DEWASA (SELAMA KEHAMILAN)KELENJAR LAKTASIINVOLUSI SENILIS

FUNGSI : Sebagai jalan masuk sperma ke dalam tubuh wanita Sebagai pelindung organ kelamin dalam dari organisme penyebab infeksi

Klitoris

Labium minus

Labium mayus