summari tesis-UMI
47
1 a i s e n o d n I m i l s u M s a t i s r e v i n U a n a j r a s a c s a P , d i m a H m a h r A 6 0 0 2 n a t a k g n A , n a r a s a m e P n a s u r u J , 2 1 8 0 : P H - 4 1 4 - 1 1 4 0 : i s k e l F / 0 8 4 4 - 2 2 0 5 - 9 1 5 K E R E M N A A Y A C R E P E K I S N E M I D H U R A G N E P S I S I L A N A U T R A K A N U G G N E P K E R E M S A T I L A Y O L P A D A H R E T R A S S A K A M A T O K I D I T A P M I S R A Y A B A R P d i m a H m a h r A a i s e n o d n I m i l s u M s a t i s r e v i n U a n a j r a S a c s a P m a r g o r P . r a s s a k a M i s k a r t s b A , n e m u s n o k r a s a p m a l a d g n i t n e p l a h n a k a p u r e m k e r e M i d a j n e m k e r e m a y n a d a a t r e s , n a a h a s u r e p n a d n e m u s n o k a r a t n a g n u s g n a l g n u b u h g n e p a i n u d m a l a D . k e r e m a d a p s a t i l a y o l n u g n a b m e m n a k a n e m u s n o k n a n i k g n u m e k i g a b g n i t n e p i c n u k i d a j n e m k e r e m , i g g n i t i s i t e p m o k t a k g n i t n a g n e d i r t s u d n I d n a k i s i s o p m e m k u t n u n a a h a s u r e p k i n u g n a y a y n k u d o r p s a t i t n e d i n a k a t p i c n e m n a p a d a h r e t n a a y a c r e p e k a w h a b n a k l u s u g n e m i n i n a i t i l e n e P . n e m u s n o k k a n e b m a l a d s a t i l a y o l n u g n a b m e m m a l a d i c n u k r o t k a f i a g a b e s n a d g n i t n e p l a h i d a j n e m k e r e m r a g n e p m e m u p m a m n a k s i s e t o p i h i d g n a y r o t k a f a p a r e b e B . k e r e m n a a y a c r e p e k i h u i s a t u p e r i t u p i l e m k e r e m s a t i l a y o l k u t n e b m e m k u t n u k e r e m p a d a h r e t n e m u s n o k n a a h a s u r e p a d a p n a a y a c r e p e k , k e r e m i s n e t e p m o k , k e r e m s a t i l i b a t k i d e r p , k e r e m . k e r e m n a a k u s e k n a d i a n e g n e m n a r a b m a g n a k t a p a d n e m k u t n u h a l a d a i n i n a i t i l e n e p n a u j u T r e b e s , k e r e m s a t i l i b a t k i d e r p , k e r e m i s a t u p e r l e b a i r a v h u r a g n e p r a s e b a p a m a l a d k e r e m n a a k u s e k n a d n a a h a s u r e p a d a p n a a y a c r e p e k , k e r e m i s n e t e p m o k g n a y k i t s i r e t k a r a k i u h a t e g n e m a t r e s , k e r e m p a d a h e t n a a y a c r e p e k n u g n a b m e m l e b a i r a v a r a t n a i d h u r a g n e p r e b g n i l a p - l e b a i r a v n u g n a b m e m m a l a d t u b e s r e t . k e r e m s a t i l a y o l n a k a t p i c n e m t a p a d a y n r i h k a n a d k e r e m a d a p n a a y a c r e p e k k e r e m r a y a b a r p u t r a k i a k a m e p h a l a d a i n i n a i t i l e n e p m a l a d n e d n o p s e R a w h a b n a k u m e t i d s i s i l a n a n a d n a i t i l e n e p l i s a h i r a D . r a s s a k a M a t o k i d I T A P m i s , k e r e m n a a k u s e k h a l a d a k e r e m i s n e t e p m o k n a d n a a h a s u r e p a d a p n a a y a c r e p e k m a l a d n e d n o p s e r n a a y a c r e p e k k u t n e b m e m m a l a d h u r a g n e p r e b g n i l a p r o t k a f k e r e m s a t i l a y o l n u g n a b m e m i c n u k a t a K . k e r e M s a t i l a y o L n a d k e r e M p a d a h r e T n a a y a c r e p e K :
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Transcript of summari tesis-UMI
1
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
KEREM NAAYACREPEK ISNEMID HURAGNEP SISILANA UTRAK ANUGGNEP KEREM SATILAYOL PADAHRET
RASSAKAM ATOK ID ITAPMIS RAYABARP
dimaH mahrA
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajraS acsaP margorP
.rassakaM
iskartsbA
,nemusnok rasap malad gnitnep lah nakapurem kereM idajnem kerem aynada atres ,naahasurep nad nemusnok aratna gnusgnal gnubuhgnep ainud malaD .kerem adap satilayol nugnabmem naka nemusnok nanikgnumek igab gnitnep icnuk idajnem kerem ,iggnit isitepmok takgnit nagned irtsudnI
d nakisisopmem kutnu naahasurep kinu gnay aynkudorp satitnedi nakatpicnem na padahret naayacrepek awhab naklusugnem ini naitileneP .nemusnok kaneb malad satilayol nugnabmem malad icnuk rotkaf iagabes nad gnitnep lah idajnem kerem
ragnepmem upmam naksisetopihid gnay rotkaf aparebeB .kerem naayacrepek ihu isatuper itupilem kerem satilayol kutnebmem kutnu kerem padahret nemusnok naahasurep adap naayacrepek ,kerem isnetepmok ,kerem satilibatkiderp ,kerem
.kerem naakusek nad
ianegnem narabmag naktapadnem kutnu halada ini naitilenep naujuTrebes ,kerem satilibatkiderp ,kerem isatuper lebairav huragnep raseb apa
malad kerem naakusek nad naahasurep adap naayacrepek ,kerem isnetepmok gnay kitsiretkarak iuhategnem atres ,kerem padahet naayacrepek nugnabmem
lebairav aratnaid huragnepreb gnilap - lebairav nugnabmem malad tubesret.kerem satilayol nakatpicnem tapad aynrihka nad kerem adap naayacrepek
kerem rayabarp utrak iakamep halada ini naitilenep malad nednopseR awhab nakumetid sisilana nad naitilenep lisah iraD .rassakaM atok id ITAPmis
,kerem naakusek halada kerem isnetepmok nad naahasurep adap naayacrepek malad nednopser naayacrepek kutnebmem malad huragnepreb gnilap rotkaf
kerem satilayol nugnabmem
icnuk ataK .kereM satilayoL nad kereM padahreT naayacrepeK :
2
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
nauluhadneP
akinumokelet sinsiB aud helo isanimodid aynlawa ,aisenodnI id ralules is MSG sisabreb gnay raseb ralules rotarepo eliboM rof metsyS labolG(
,)noitacinummoC nad )aisenodnI raluleS isakinumokeleT( lesmokleT .TP utiay gnarakes gnay uata )aisenodnI apalaP tiletaS( odniletaS .TP nagned lanekid hibel
rotarepo nalucnumreb ialum naidumek nuhat aparebeB .odniletaS tasodnI - helo lususid naidumek ,amatarP odnimoclecxE .TP irad ialum ,urab rotarepo .TP nad )3pcH( noitacinummoceleT PC nosnihctuH ,8 eliboM ,enohpeleT eirkaB
raluleS odnirtaN gnay ada tubesret naahasurep aratnaid nakhab ,aisenodnI nakraulegnem lesmokleT aynlasim ,utas irad hibel rayabarp utrak nakraulegnem kudorp nakraulegnem odniletaS tasodnI ,dirbyholaH nad ,SA ,ITAPmis kudorp
LX nakraulegnem odnimoclecxE nad iratneM ,3MI .sabeb nad
asaj sinsib id gniasreb gnay ralules rotarepo utas halas iagabes lesmokleT keremreb gnay kudorp nakrulenem gnay naahasurep nakapurem ralules rotarepo nakhab aisenodnI id amatrep MSG rayabarp utrak nakapurem ITAPmiS .ITAPmis
ucnulid gnay aisA id asam taasid natapetreb aynnarucnuleP .7991 nuhat nakr hulupes utkaw malad ,7991 nuhat id aisenodnI adnalem gnades imonoke sisirk itanimid gnilap gnay rayabarp utrak nakapurem ITAPmis nakrucnul id kajes nuhat
ok atuj 32 irad hibel nakanugid halet nad rasap irad nesrep 63 uata nemusn)7002 ,nawsiR( aisenodnI id rayabarp utrak anuggnep
latot irad lesmokleT .TP irad ralules utrak anuggnep isisopmok nupadA anuggnep halmuj ITAPmis kutnu utiay kudorp agit sata igabret atuj 3,42 halmuj
muj SA utrak kutnu ,atuj 8,71 kutnu rihkaret nad anuggnep atuj 5 ratikes aynhal ,aisenodnI raluleS isakinumokeleT isaisosA( anuggnep atuj 5,1 rasebes olah utrak anuggnep latot nakkujnunem AWS halajam tesir atad irad nakgnadeS .)6002
j 6,12 rasebes 4002 teraM aggnih aisenodnI id ralules halmuJ iraD .anuggnep atu kutnu nesrep 44 rasebes amatrep takgnirep ikududnem lesmokleT .TP tubesret ,nesrep 42 rasebes iratneM utrak nagned tasodnI .TP lususid ,ITAPmis utrak ratikes nad nesrep 51 rasebes LX orp utrak nagned odnimoclecxE .TP naidumek
1 AWS halajaM ( aisenodnI id ada gnay ralules rotarepo irad nagnubag nesrep 7.)4002 rebmevoN : 33 ,raluleS
naknahatrepmem malad ralules rotarepo ratna nagniasrep ayntigneS .takaraysam nakgnutnugnem tagnas urab anuggnep kiranem nad aites anuggnep
musnok araP rotarepo arap anerak firat atsep itamkinem asib anuggnep iagabes neiamar - helorepid gnay fitisop kapmad aguj uti niales ,firat naknurunem iamar
habmatid aynnahutubek nagned iauses hilimem tapad anuggnep halada anuggnep taubmem anadrep utrak agrah aynharum gnireses utrak itnagreb tapad anuggnep
aguj anuggnep ,anadrep utrak hadnipreb uata utrak itnaggnem nialeS .nikgnumitnagreb tapad - tapad atres nailebmep utkaw paites ralules utrak kerem itnag
3
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
& dnert halajam( rotarepo utrak kerem utas irad hibel nakanuggnem ikilimem aites gnay anuggnep igal ada kadiT .)5002 iluJ : 51 noitacinummocelet
,utrak kerem utas
salej harum gnay firat igetarts adap nakpatenem gnay nagniasrep isidnoK akgnaj nakigurem tagnas naka aynranebes gnay firat gnarep naklubminem
anerak ,gnajnap gnajnap akgnaj kutnu agrah lartnes narep nagned isitepmok aggnihes ,gnajnap akgnaj malad naahasurep nakgnutnugnem naka kadit urtsuj
nakamatugnem uata nakgnitemem kutnu tutnutid nikames naahasureplreb netsisnok araces fititepmok naluggnuek nagnabmegnep adap naksadna
kadit nagnaisrep irad raulek kutnu nalaj utas halas naD .agrah non isitepmok kerem padahret nemusnok naayacrepek kutnebmem nagned halada tubesret tahes kitsiretkarak nad naahasurep kitsiretkarak ,kerem kitsiretkarak isnemid iulalem
kerem - nok satilayol akam kutnebret naayacrepek akitek naparah nagned ,nemus adap araumreb naka aynutnet gnay ,kutnebret naka nup kerem padahret nemusnok ,kerem nakisadnemokerem ,kerem iakamem suret kutnu anuggnep napatetek
nial kerem irad narawanep padahret netsiser naka gnajnap akgnaj malad nad.naahasurep igab nakgnutnugnem gnay isubirtnok irebmem
adap naksukofmem aynah ini naitilenep akam naucnarek imalagnem kadit ragA lawa kajes utas romon idajnem gnay ITAPmis utiay rayabarp utrak kerem utas
halet ,nakrucnulid .aisenodnI hurulesid rayabarp utrak anuggnep satiroirp idajnem hanrep uata ITAPmis kerem padahret layol tubesret anuggnep arap hakapA hakapa harum hibel nial kerem akitek ,ITAPmis niales nial kerem nakanuggnem
.?hadnip naka nemusnok
al gnay anemonef haubeS nakidaj id kutnu takgna id nad itiletid kutnu kay nagnubuh ayngnitnep anamiagab gnatnet naahasurep igab narajalep haubes nad awsisaham kutnu haimli naijak , kerem satilayol padahret kerem naayacrepek
ggnit naurugrep nad sinsib ainud malad aynsusuhk tesirep huragnep gnatnet i haubes padahret nemusnok satilayol nad naayacrepek takgnit padahret kerem
.kerem
halasaM nasumuR
iagabes halada naksumurid halet gnay nahalasamrep nupadA :tukireb
.1 padahret nakifinigis huragnepreb kereM isatupeR isnemiD hakapAutnebret ?kereM naayacrepeK aynk
.2 padahret nakifingis huragnepreb kereM satilibatkiderP isnemiD hakapA?kereM naayacrepeK aynkutnebret
.3 padahret nakifingis huragnepreb kereM isnetepmoK isnemiD hakapA?kereM naayacrepeK aynkutnebret
.4 adahreT naayacrepeK isnemiD hakapA huragnepreb naahasureP p?kereM naayacrepeK aynkutnebret padahret nakifingis
4
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
.5 padahret nakifingis huragnepreb kereM naakuseK isnemiD hakapA?kereM naayacrepeK aynkutnebret
.6 padahret nakifingis huragnepreb kereM naayacrepeK hakapAkereM satilayoL aynkutnebret ?
naitileneP naujuT
:kutnu naujutreb ini naitileneP
.1 kereM naayacrepeK isnemiD asilanagnem nad iuhategneM isatuper utiay adap naayacrepek ,kerem iskiderp ayad ,kerem isnetepmok ,kerem
p kerem adap naakusek nad naahasurep ihuragnepmem nakifingis gnilaet kerem naayacrepek aynkutnebr .
.2 dahret kereM naayacrepeK huragnep asilanagnem nad iuhategneM pakereM satilayoL aynkutnebret
naitileneP naanugeK
.1 nakanugid tapad nakparahid naitilenep ,lairejanam isakilpmi uata isitkarP
ek nalibmagnep malad nasadnal iagabes aynsusuhk nemejanam nasutup nemejanam malad gnidnarB nad ,emmargorP ytlayoL igal susuhk hibel
kutnu nesudorp igab nagnabmitrep nad saulrepmem kutnu hakgnal iagabesrayabarp utrak asaj iakamep nemges gnirajnem .
.2 jnales naitilenep lisah ,ayntujales naitileneP nakirebmem nakparah id ayntuasam kutnu amas gnay gnadib id naitilenep igab lawa isamrofni - asam
.gnatad naka gnay .3 nakirebmem nakparahid ini naitilenep ,nauhategnep umlI igaB
isatuper huragnep ianegnem acabmep adapek namahamepk ,kerem satilibatkiderp,kerem padahret naayacrepek kerem isnetepmo
kerem naayacrepek nakutebmep padahret kerem naakusek nad naahasurep.kerem satilayol nad
AKATSUP NAUAJNIT
.A kereM
halada kereM uata ngised uata ,lobmis ,adnat ,halitsi ,aman aumes irad isanibmok nakduskamid gnay ,ayn isakifitnedignem kutnu
nad rasamep kopmolekes uata gnaroeses irad asaj uata gnarabgniasep irad aynnakadebmem , tubesret isinifeD .)3002( reltoK
igetarts malad kerem haubes narep anamiagab narabmag nakirebmemhuragnepreb naka kereM .kudorp haubes narasamep ajrenik padahret
laitnesse araces kerem haubes aggnihes ,tubesret kudorp narasamep
5
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
,nagnutnuek ,rutif gnatnet nemusnok adapek nesudorp ijnaj nakapuremirebmem kiab gnay kerem haubeS .netsisnok gnay nanayalep nanimaj nak
alup kiab gnay satilauk
.B naayacrepeK ( kereM padahreT )dnarB a ni tsurT
“ dnarb a ni tsurT ni dnarb eht no yler ot ssengnilliw ’sremusnoc si ,”meht rof stluser evitisop evig nac dnarb eht taht gnipoh ,sksir fo ecaf eht nauamek halada kerem padahret naayacrepeK( .)9991( eeL nad uaL
mem nemusnok ada anerak ,aynokisir alages nagned kerem iayacrep fitisop gnay lisah utaus nakirebmem tapad tubesret kerem awhab naparah
.)aynigab
.C kereM satilayoL
haubes nakamatugnem ukalirep halada kerem adap satilayoL ,leassA( gnalureb nailebmep nakukalem nagned kerem nakgnadeS .)1002
halada kerem adap satilayol awhab nakakumegnem )0002( eeL nad uaL nial gnaro gnorodnem nad kudorp haubes ilebmem kutnu tain ukalirep
.amas gnay lah nakukalem kutnu
.D kitsiretkaraK
ak haubes irad helorep atik tapad gnay isinifed ilakes kaynaB at tapad kitsiretkarak ,aisenodnI asahab mumu sumak malaD .”retkarak“
tafis ,kataw ,taibat iagabes nakisinifedid - idub uata kalhka ,naawijek tafis malad nakgnadeS .nial gnay irad gnaroeses nakadebmem gnay itrekep
“ ,drofxO sumak o latnem eht lla si retcarahC a ekam taht seitilauq larom r”srehto morf tnereffid cte ,noitan ,puorg ,nosrep .
amsiraK“ aynukub malad )0002( irusmaijS A odranoeL naidumeK adna apais nakapurem retkarak awhab nakatagnem ”retkaraK susreV
.aynhuggnuses
ataid naitregnep agitek nakrasadreB haubes libmagnem tapad atik ,stafis nalupmukes nakapurem retkarak awhab nalupmisek - hainitab tafis
arac ,kisif nalipmanep iulalem naknimrecid tapad gnay gnaroeses nagned nakadebmem gnay tubesret gnaro rikipreb arac atres ,kadnitreb
.nial gnaro
ij nakgnadeS naka atik , kitsiretkarak nakisinifidnem nigni atik ak retkarak akiJ .retkarak irad saul hibel gnay napukac nakumenem
tafis pukacnem - kepsa nahurulesek pukacnem kitsiretkarak ,hainitab tafisadnitreb arac ,kisif nalipmanep itrepes aisunam irid adap ada gnay nad k
nagned utas gnay aisunam aratna nakadebmem tapad gnay aynnial gnay.aynnial gnay
6
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
naka atik , kitsiretkarak nakisinifidnem nigni atik akij nakgnadeS retkarak akiJ .retkarak irad saul hibel gnay napukac nakumenem
tafis pukacnem - retkarak ,hainitab tafis kepsa nahurulesek pukacnem kitsi nad kadnitreb arac ,kisif nalipmanep itrepes aisunam irid adap ada gnay nagned utas gnay aisunam aratna nakadebmem tapad gnay aynnial gnay
.aynnial gnay
Ka igab aynnarep lativ tagnas gnay lah utas nakapurem kitsiretkarsunam atres ilanegnem tapad atik kitsiretkarak nagned aynah aneraK .ai
kitsiretkaraK .aynnial gnay nagned utas gnay aisunam aratna nakadebmem tapad kadit gnay gnaroeses ikilimid gnay nasahkek nakkujnunem aguj
.nial gnaro uritid uata kilimid
( eeL nad uaL turuneM gnay rotkaf agit tapadret )9991: halada tubesret rotkaf agitek nupada ,kerem naayacrepek ihuragnepmem
.1 ,kerem kitsiretkaraK
.2 nad naahasurep kitsiretkaraK
.3 .nemusnok kerem kitsiretkaraK rotakidni 21 idajnem nakiaruid tujnal hibel ini isnemid agiteK
r ,utiay ,kerem isnetepmok ,kerem satilibatkiderp ,kerem isatupe ,naahasurep fitom ispesrep ,naahasurep isatuper ,naahasurep naayacrepek satilanosreP nad nemusnoK iriD pesnoK naamaseK ,naahasurep satirgetni
kuD ,kreM nasaupeK ,kreM namalagneP ,kreM naakuseK ,kudorP nagnu.laisoS kopmoleK
aynah halada ini naitilenep malad kerem narukugnep nupadA isatuper : itupilem( kerem kitsretkarak itrepes lebairav nakanuggnem adapek naayacrepek ;)kerem isnetepmok nad kerem satilibatkiderp ,kerem
( kerem kilimep naahasurep t ynapmoc tsur ( kerem naakusek nad ;) dnarb)gnikil ( kerem adap kerem naayacrepek kutnebmem malad a ni tsurt
dnarB ( kerem satilayol nugnabmem nad ) ytlayol dnarb .)
,akam huaj hibel nasalejnep iuhategnem nad salej hibel kutnUbes naksalejid tapad tubesret rotkaf agitek : tukireb iaga
.1 .kereM kitsiretkaraK
rotkaF nupadA - kerem kitsiretkaraK ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf )9991( eeL nad uaL ,kerem naayacrepek padahret aynnagnubuh nad
: tukireb iagabes halada
kereM isatupeR
kerem isatupeR nial nemusnok irad inipo adap ucagnemret .nakladnaid tapad nad sugab kerem haubes hakapa utiay ,kerem padah
7
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
,nalki iulalem nakgnabmekid tapad kerem isatupeR ,snoitaler cilbup uata kerem isatupeR .tubesret kudorp irad ajrenik nad ,kudorp satilauk
( pitisop naparah gnorodnem tapad kahip utaus tisop cepxe evi )snoitat gnay kahip iagabreb ratna kilab labmit nagnubuh nagnabmegnep irad naklisahid
.)9991 ,eeL nad uaL( tabilret gnay
kereM satilibatkiderP
aynem gnay )7991( nonaC & yenoD adapek ucagneM nakatakiskiderpmem kahip utas uata gnaroeses naupmamek gnaro ukalirep n
.nial kahip uata
kutnu anuggnep gnaroes naknikgnumem kerem satilibatkiderPisitnagnem .natapmesek iagabreb adap naanuggnep nakukalem nad isap
nad gnalureb suret gnay iskaretni aynada anerak lucnum satilibatkiderPy kudorp satilauk takgnit sisnok gna naahasurep haubes aggnihes ,net
gnalep adapek nakmirignem nad nimajnem upmam tapet araces aynnag .naggnalep irad narajalebmep sesorp nad utkaw
kereM isnetepmoK .
awhab nakatagnem )9991( eeL nad uaL kerem isnetepmok m kutnu kerem naupmamek halada nad nemusnok halasam isatagne
kerem isnetepmok iuhategnem naka nemusnoK .aynnahutubek ihunemem iulalem .)MOW( htuom fo drow emsinakem )1002( leassA turuneM drow
)MOW( htuom fo kutnu fitkefe gnilap edotem nakapuremP .kudorp haubes ajrenik nakisakinumokgnem nakukalid gnay naitilene
MOW narep awhab nakakumegnem )2002( retsissoR nad yelwoC helo iridret gnay isnemid agit itupilem kerem adap satilayol nugnabmem malad ispesrep nad tubirta irad laedi takgnit ,kerem adap naayacrepek irad
tubirta ayngnitnep padahret kudorp
.2 naahasureP kitsiretkaraK
kutnebmem gnay utaus halada iridnes naahasurep kitsiretkaraK nial naahasurep nagned iric ikilimem nad sahk idajnem naahasurep ,kisif kutneb malad kiab ayngniasep nagned aynnakadebmem aggnihes
gnihes tubesret naahasurep aman nanikayek nakirebmem upmam ag.tubesret naahasurep kudorp ilebmem gnay nemusnok padahret
ihuragnepmem aguj kerem gnakalebid adareb gnay naahasureP .kerem haubes padahret ayacrep nemusnok anamid takgnit nauhategneP
id adareb gnay naahasurep gnatnet nemusnok tapad kerem gnakaleb .kerem haubes padahret akerem naialinep ihuragnepmem
8
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kutnu nakujaid gnay naahasurep kitsiretkarak ,akaMayacrepek halada kerem padahret nemusnok naayacrepek ihuragnepmem -
ihsigamaY( naahasurep isatuper ,naahasurep padahret nemusnok na malad & reehcS( naahasurep padahret ispesrep fitom ,)9991 ,eeL & uaL
ret ispesrep nad ,)5991 ,pmakneetS .naahasurep satirgetni padah
.naahasureP padahreT naayacrepeK
rotkaf sahabmem malaD naahasurep padahret naayacrepek ,ubes akitek awhab naktubesid halet gnay satitne akam ayacrepid satitne ha
licek hibel )seititne rellams( aguj gnurednec aynmaladid adareb gnay .raseb hibel gnay satitne irad naigab akerem anerak ,ayacrepid
.3 kereM itsiretkaraK - nemusnok .
kereM kitsiretkaraK - ay kopmolek aud nakapurem nemusnoK gn ihuragnepmem tapad audek uti babes helo ,ihuragnepmem gnilas napirimek itupilem ini kitsiretkarak anamid ,kerem padahret naayacrepek naakusek ,kereM naidabirpek nagned nemusnok lanoisome pesnok aratna
nasaupek ,kerem padahret namalagnep ,kerem padahret nad kerem.laisos kopmolek nagnukud
satilatot nakapurem ini kitsiretkarak nakigolana id aliB kejbo iagabes aynirid nauca nagned udividni ispesrep nad narikimep amas kerem nakrabaj id narasamep sketnok malad ilakgnires aggnihes
nagnubuh anamid ,gnaro nagned ,aisunam halada kerem haloes aynaudek naadebrep ikilimem raga kerem ikilimem surah aguj iridnes aisunam nad
.nial aisunam nagned
rotkaf utasrep utas naksalejid naka ini hawabid - gnay rotkafkerem kitsiretkarak ihuragnepmem - nemusnok alada aynutas halas nad h
: tukireb iagabes
.kereM padahreT naakuseK
kerem padahret naakuseK kerem haubes anerak idajret malaD .aynnial kerem gnidnabid kiab hibel gnay nagnanesek nakirebmem
narasamep ,sdoog remusnoc nok akij akam kerem haubes iakuynem nemusrepmem kiab hibel naka .)0002 ,eeL nad uaL( tubesret kerem iayac
.E uluhadreT naitileneP
halada kerem naayacrepek nagned natiakreb gnay naitilenep nupadA: tukireb iagabes
9
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
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.1 “ luduj nagned )9991 .lanruoJ gnitekraM( eeL dna uaL tsurt sremusnoc”ytlayol dnarb ot knil eht dna dnarb a ni . 3 ijugnem ini naitileneP
utiay narasamep kitsiretkarak kopmolek ,citsiretcarahc dnarbremusnoc nad citsiretcarahc ynapmoc - citsiretcarahc dnarb gnay
lebairav 21 malad nakiaruid tnedecetna krem naayacrepek a ni tsurt()dnarb anuggnep nednopser adap emusnoc sdoog r arageN id
nunem aynnaitilenep lisaH .arupagniS kuj lebairav 5 aynah ataynret nak ,kerem naakusek ,kerem satilibatkiderp utiay nakifingis gnay .naahasurep adap naayacrepek ,kerem isatuper ,kerem isnetepmok
em itkubret aguj kerem padahret naayacrepeK ur lebairav nakaptnedecetna .kerem satilayol padahret
.2 luduj nagned )4002( nateheseK gnabtiL nadaB “ neisaP satilayoL hayiysiA kanA nad ubI tikaS hamuR padahreT panI tawaR
adniramaS ,’ nataheseK nemetrapeD ,KPPBKPKJ helo nakisakilbupidoS naarethajeseK nad naitileneP . taraB atrakaJ arageN nakatecreP ,lais
tikas hamur id pani tawar idajnem hanrep gnay neisap satilayol gnatnet nakidajid kereM naayacrepeK iulalem ini naitilenep malaD .tubesret ,kerem naakusek ,kerem satilibatkiderp padahret ,rasad iagabes
pmok padahret naayacrepek nad kerem isatuper ,kerem isnete gnay nagnubuh tapadret awhab nakujnunem naitileneP .naahasurep ,kerem isnetepmok ,kerem satilibatkiderp ,kerem isatuper aratna fitisop nagned kerem naakusek nad naahasurep padahret naayacrepek
ayacrepek id neisap namalagnep awhab nakumetiD .kerem padahret na satilayol nad kerem padahret layol taubmem tubesret tikas hamur kerem padahret naayacrepek helo ihuragnepid gnay kerem malad kusam anerak nakifingis pukuc gnay lisah nakkujnunem
.layol pukuc irogetak .3 luduj nagned )0991 ,hcraeser gnitekram lanruoj ( lattiM ehT“
sa dA eht drawoT edutittA dna feileB dnarB fo seloR evitaleR”,kooL dnoceS A :edutittA dnarB fo srotaideM gnitekraM fo lanruoJ
.hcraeseR 78 pp ,2 .oN IIVXX .loV - M .211 naijugnep nakukaleahret nalki padahret pakis nad kerem adap naayacrepek narep pad
ini naitileneP .krem padahret pakis isaidem lebairav iagabes nagned aynsisetopih naijugnep nad nemirepske niased nakanuggnem
gnem sisilana nakanug gnilledom noitauqe larutcurts lisaH .)MES(itilenep padahret naayacrepek narep awhab nakitkubmem lisahreb na
.kudorp haubes nalki adapirad gnitnep hibel huaj kerem .4 nagned )1002 ,gnitekram fo lanruoj naeporuE ( namelA nad retsellaB
luduj ’ytlayoL remusnoC fo txetnoC ehT ni tsurt dnarB“ , fo lanruoJ naeporuE ,gnitekraM 8321 pp .21/11 .oN 53 .loV - .8521
padahret nemusnok naayacrepek naktiagnem abocnem ini naitileneP .kerem adap satilayol nagned kerem gnitteS gnem ini naitilenep -
kudorp irad nemusnok nakanug tnemevlovni hgih halmuj nagnedo 371 kaynabes nednopser aynsisetopih naijugnep nad gnar
01
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
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awhab nakataynem ini naitilenep lisaH .iserger sisilana nakanuggnemnem naka krem padahret naayacrepek nemtimok aynlucnum gnorod
ret tubesret kudorp isautis malad ,nemusnok irad irogetak malad kusamtnemevlovni hgih .
.5 waiteS luduj nagned )4002 ,nakisakilbupid kadit siset( na nagneD nagnubuH nad kreM padahreT nemusnoK naayacrepeK”
,”kreM padahreT satilayoL ,nakisakilbupid kadit siseT margorPumlI sniaS retsigaM - ,adaM hajdaG satisrevinU imonokE umli
em ini naitileneP .atrakaygoY .)9991( eeL & uaL irad ispodagn nopelet nemusnok nednopser nagned naitilenep nakukalem nawaiteS nawaiteS ,ini naitilenep malaD .atrakaygoY id ada gnay maggneg uaL helo lawa nakanugid gnay )lebairav( ledom hurules nakanuggnem
lebairav 21 utiay ,)9991( eeL & ,nakkujnunem aynnaitilenep lisaH .ret gnay nemusnok naayacrepek nad nasaupek lebairav aynah ataynret -
nad kerem naayacrepek padahret nakifingis huragnepreb itkubret aynnagnubuh adebreb huaj naitilenep lisaH .kerem satilayol padah
y ,eeL & uaL lisah nagned helo nakbabesid nanikgnumek gna.aynnednopser kitsiretkarak naadebrep
sisetopiH & lautpesnoK akgnareK
lautpesnoK akgnareK
nad ini naitilenep iuluhadnem gnay naitilenep naiakgnares iraD abocnem silunep ,ini naitilenenep gnukudnem gnay iroet nakrasadreb
nem eeL dna uaL helo nakanugid gnay naitilenep lautpesnok akgnarek nakanugg:ini hawabid tukireb iagabes )9991(
amatreP , er kerem isatup )noitatuper dnarb( ,audeK kerem satilibatkiderp )ytilibatciderp dnarb( ,agiteK kerem isnetepmok )ecnetepmoc dnarb( . eeK ,tapm ( naahasurep adap naayacrepeK )ynapmoc ni tsurt eK amil , kerem naakusek gnikil dnarb( )
lasoporp malad nakujaid gnay ledom akam ,sataid naiaru nakrasadreB
:halada ini naitilenep
11
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
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9991( eel dna ual rebmus : sisetopih nad lautpesnok akgnareK 2. rabmaG )
sisetopiH
nakujaid akam sataid akgnarek nad nahalasamrep sata nakrasadreB: tukireb iagabes sisetopih
.1 agudiD ,)1 H( isnemid gnilap gnay lebairav halada kereM isatupeRkerem naayacrepek padahret huragnepreb nakifingis .
.2 agudiD ,)2 H( batkiderP isnemid gnilap gnay lebairav halada kereM satili.kereM naayacrepeK padahret huragnepreb nakifingis
.3 gnilap gnay lebairav halada kereM isnetepmoK isnemiD agudid ,)3 H(kereM naayacrepeK padahret huragnepreb nakifinigis
.4 asureP adaP naayacrepeK isnemiD agudid ,)4 H ( lebairav halada naah.kereM naayacrepeK padahret huragnepreb nakifingis gnnilap gnay
.5 gnilap gnay lebairav halada kereM naakuseK isnemiD agudid ,)5 H(.kereM naayacrepeK padahret huragnepreb nakifingis
.6 ahret huragnepreb kereM naayacrepeK awhab agudid ,)6 H( pad.kereM satilayoL aynkutnebret
sisetopiH - lawa naagud nakapurem sata id nakijasid gnay sisetopihlebairav aratna nagnubuh ada agudid ,itilenep irad - araces iju id gnay lebairav
gnisam araces kiab iju id gnay ,nakifingis - amasreb araces nupuam gnisam - .amas iju id naka nakujaid gnay sisetopih paites atad sisilana naigab adaP
.aynsisetopih naranebek anamhuajes itkubret aggnihes
21
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
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NAITILENEP EDOTEM
.A naitileneP utkaW & isakoL
iakamep anuggnep nemusnok adap rassakaM id nakukalid ini naitilenePs isakinumokelet asaj gnaruk nakukalid kutnu nakanacnerid ini naitileneP .ralule
.8002 sutsugA aggnih inuJ nalub adap utiay ,nalub 3 amales hibel naicnir nagneD nad nanusuynep ,isartsinimda napaisrep amatrep nalub :tukireb iagabes
aluB .naitilenep nemurtsni nad niased nataubmep nad atad nalupmugnep audek n.naitilenep naropal nanusuynep aynnhalognep
.B ataD nalupmugneP edoteM
nagned halai atad nalupmugnep malad itilenep nakanugid gnay kinkeT:isatnemukod nad ,tekgna/renoiseuk ,aracnawaw ,isavresbo
.1 ,isavresbO alupmugnep edotem utiay itamagnem arac nagned atad n.itilenep ardniacnap hurules nagned gnusgnal
.2 nagned nednopser nad aracnawawep aratna bawaj aynat utiay ,aracnawaW nagned silutret naaynatrep nakanuggnem aracnawaw naudnap
.renoiseuk nakanuggnem .3 ad nalupmugnep utiay ,isatnemukoD gnay rutaretil haalenem nagned at
.nitur nupuam alakreb araces naktibretid .C ataD rebmuS & sineJ
nagned fitatitnauk nad fitatilauk atad nakanuggnem ini naitileneP nakkopmolekid ayntafis turunem atad sineJ .rednukes nad remirp rebmus
agabes utiay aud idajnem :tukireb i
.1 uata akgna kutneb malad nakataynid gnay atad utiay fitatitnauK ataD id gnay naggnalep halmuj atad apureb ini naitilenep malad ,kiremun
.nednopser nakidaj .2 uata irogetak kutneb malad nakataynid gnay atad utiay fitatilauk ataD
waj utiay akgna nakub naayacrepek isnemid gnatnet nednopser naba.kerem padahret
: tukireb iagabes utiay sinej aud ada aynrebmus turunem atad sineJ
.1 rutkurtsret aracnawaw lisah adap rebmusreb gnay atad halada remirp ataDp malaD .renoiseuk nakanuggnem nagned nednopser padahret ini naitilene
nad kerem padahret naggnalep naayacrepek gnatnet tukgnaynem .kerem satilayol padahret aynnagnubuh
.2 rutaretil irad helorepid rednukes ataD - ,nakisakilbupid halet gnay rutaretilatad nupuam lanruj ,halajam ,ukub apureb kiab - .tenretni atad
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.D poP lepmaS & isalu
,gnaro apureb aynasaib gnay tinu nanupmih utaus nakapurem isalupoP .aynirajalepmem kutnu kiratret atik anam id naidajek uata iskasnart ,kejbo malaD
rayab arp nopelet asaj anuggnep halada nakduskamid gnay isalupop ini naitilenep miS kerem ITAP sisilana tinu idajnem gnay aratnemes ,rassakaM orteM atok id
gnarukes gnay naggnalep halada - amas gnay kerem iakamem halet ayngnarukatar ,halada aynismusA .nalub mane amales - itapmis utrak fitka asam atar
idajret alib aggnihes nalub agit uata aud laminim nalub mane amales naiakamep adap nakrasadid inI .gnalu nailebmep idajret halet nakatakid asib naayacrepeK
kereM idajnem kerem naakuseK .kerem naakusek nagned aynnatiak maladep awhab isakidni anuggn snetni araces kerem nakanuggnem nad lanegnem halet
malad .akus asar lucnum aggnihes ,amal pukuc gnay akgnaj
.isalupop tinu irad )tesbus( naigab nanupmih utaus halada lepmaS muminim lepmas halmuJ .lanoisroporp nad evisoprup araces libmaid lepmaS
gnay isamitse ledom adap nakrasadid ini lah , nednopser 09 rasebes gnilap utiay MES sisilana malad relupop doohilekiL mumixaM iagabes iakap id gnay
hadus alup ini lepmas halmuJ .)66 :7002 ,osotnaS( 0.7 SOMA helo tluafed )9 :7002( nawanuG helo pitukid gnay riaH tapadnep kujurem alib ipukucnem
ilak 5 laminim rasebes utiay .isamitseid gnay retemarap halmuj nakgnadeS 061 idajnem naktalubid 041 = 82 x 5 idaj ,82 halada ini naitilenep adap retemarap gnay renoiseuk aynada isapisitnagnem kutnu nakukalid natalubmeP .nednopser
l hibel haloid kutnu ihunemem kadit uata ilabmek kadit .tujna
.E ataD sisilanA edoteM
rotkaf sisilana aratna isanibmok nakapurem ini naitilenep mumu araceSnagnubuh ijugnem kutnu naujutreb gnay ,)isalerok( iserger sisilana nad - nagnubuh
nagned rotakidni ratna uti kiab ,ledom haubes adap ada gnay lebairav ratnanok .kurtsnok ratna nagnubuh nupuata ,aynkurts
S halada nakanugid naka gnay lepma gnilpmas ecneinevnoc anamid nad iapmujid hadum gnilap gnay naggnalep irad nakukalid lepmas nalibmagnep harumret gnay idajnem ini kinket awhab tapadnepreb )4002( atrohlaM seska id nalutebek anerak hilipid nednopseR .utkaw kaynab naksibahgnem kadit nad nagnabmitrep nagned iauses aggnihes tapet gnay utkaw nad tapmet id adareb
.ayaib nasatabretek
alaks nagned nakukalid mumu araces ini nagned lebairav narukugneP kutnu )alaks 5( trekil ( naujutesek takgnit nakkujnunem )tnemergga nad
( naujuteskaditek )tnemeergasid naaynatrep padahret nednopser - gnay naaynatrep:halada nakanugid gnay trekil alaks nanusuS .renoiseuk malad nakujaid
41
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
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.1 ujutes kadit tagnaS = ujuteS = .4
.2 ujuteS kadiT = ujuteS tagnaS = .5
.3 ugaR = – ugar
gnay kitsitats sisilana irad naamasrep ,nredom rutaretil malaD sisilana halai nakanugid gnilledoM noitauqE larutcurtS .)21 :7002 ,osotnaS(
hakgnaL - naijugneP malad nakisakilpaiD gnay MES malad hakgnaLedoM l
hakgnaL lanoisarepO
1 iroet sisabreb ledom haubes nagnabmegneP
2 nusuyneM margaiD htaP nagnubuh nakataynem kutnu
satilasuak
3 nakhamejretneM margaiD htaP naamasrep maladek -
narukugnep ledom isakifiseps nad larutkurts naamasrep
4 d tupni kirtam hilimeM isamitse kinket/ledom na
5 isakifitnedi melborp ialineM
6 airetirk isaulavE tif fo ssendooG
7 ledom isakifidom nad isaterpretnI
aud nakanuggnem ini naitilenep ,sataid naktubesid halet anamiagabeS:utiay sisilana tala sinej
.1 sisylanA rotcaF yrotamrifnoC iagabes nakanugid ini sisilana tala ,rotakidni hakapa iuhatekid naka ini tala nagneD .ledom tnemerusaem -
raneb gnamem ada gnay rotakidni - haubes naksalejnem tapad raneb .kurtsnok :halada MES nagned nakukalid naklusuid gnay ledom naijugneP
.a lepmas narukU
isamitse kinket nakrasadreb 001 halada muminim lepmas halmuJdoohilekiL mumixaM lepmas halmuj ihibelem nad )66 :7002 ,osotnaS(
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aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
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retemarap halmuj ilak 5 utiay .kkd riaH helo nakrawatid gnay muminim.)7002 ,nawanuG malad .la te riaH( isamitseid gnay
.b smusA .reiltuO & atad satilamron i
z tubesid satilamron ijugnem kutnu kitsitats ialiN - ( eulav oitaR lacitirC naruku irad )0.7 somA tuptuo adap r.c uata ssenweks .atad narabes aliB
isubirtsid awhab agudid tapad akam sitirk ialin irad raseb hibel r.c ialinit atad .lamron kad takgnit nakrasadreb nakutnetid tapad sitirk ialiN
.85.2 ± rasebes utiay %1 isnakifingis
.c ledom tnemerusaem satidilav ijU
tapet aparebes iuhategnem kutnu halada ini naijugnep irad naujuTlebairav - al lebairav naksalejnem tapad sefinam lebairav .ada gnay net
.d rotakidni hakapa tahilem halada ayntujnales sesorp ,tif ledom haleteS - naigab nakapurem gnamem kurtsnok haubes adap ada gnay rotakidni iju nakamanid tubesret sesorp ,tubesret kurtsnok naksalejnem tapad uata
tal lebairav( kurtsnok satidilav aparebeb tawel nakukalid tapad nad ,)ne:arac
.1 ytidilaV ycnegrevnoC ijU
rotakidni akam ,kurtsnok naksalejnem rotakidni haubes akiJ iaynupmem naka tubesret gnidaol rotcaf kurtsnok nagned iggnit gnay
iaynupmem naka rotakidni latot nad tubesret rxe ecnairav detcat gnay halet ledoM .nagnubuh natareek ijugnem ycnegrevnoC ijU .iggnit pukuc
irad tahilid airetirk ihunemem ytidilav tnegrevnoc gnidaol ialin akij tubesret satab paggnagnem rutaretil aparebeb ,7.0 irad raseb hibel rotcaf
.5.0 halada
.2 tnanimircsiD ijU ytidilaV
aynsurahes akam ,ledom utas malad kurtsnok aud tapadret akiJ nagned nagnubuhreb kadit nad nakinuek iaynupmem kurtsnok paites aud raseb aparebes ijugnem tnanimircsiD ijU .nial gnay kurtsnok
aud lebairav surah aguj kiab gnay ledoM .adebreb lebairav iaynupmem ytilibailer etisopmoc .8,0 sata id ytidilav tanimircsiD irad tahilid tapad
rotcaF ecnairaV egarevA iggnit hibel EVA raka ialin akij utiay )EVA( naklupmisid tapad akam nial gnay kurtsnok nagned isalerok irad
ler takgnit ikilimem tubesret kurtsnok .kiab gnay satilibai
.2 sisylanA noissergeR elpitluM tnemerusaem haubes alib nakukalid ini tala , ijugnem kutnu nakanugid ini sisilanA .naijugep malad solol halet ledom
haubes larutkurts ada hakapa iuhatekid tapad ini tala nagneD .ledom
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2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
akifingis gnay nagnubuh lebairav nagned nednepedni lebairav aratnaid n .ada gnay nagnubuh tauk aparebes ,nagnubuh ada gnamem akij ,nedneped
:utiay ini naijugnep malad amatu naigab aud tapadreT .a ( ledom nahurulesek ijugneM tif ledom larevo .ledom larutcurts irad )
.b rts ijugneM aratnaid nagnubuh utiay ,setamitse retemarap larutcu .ledom larutkurts malad ada gnay nednepedni lebairav uata kurtsok
utnab tala nagned nakukalid naka sataid iju nad atad nahalognep huruleS nad 3002 lecxe eciffO atad halognep kanul takgnarep .0.7 somA
.3 nad kerem padahret naayacrepek huragnep irad larutkurts ledoM:tukireb iagabes halada kerem satilayol nagned aynnagnubuh
3 .rabmaG aynnagnubuh nad kerem padahret naayacrepek huragnep irad larutkurts ledoM
kerem satilayol nagned
.F isarepO isinifeD lano
malad aynhuragnep natiakretek itiletid naka gnay lebairav hujut adA( sabeb lebairav amiL .ini naitilenep elbairav tnednepedni ,kerem isatuper utiay ,)
nad naahasurep adap naayacrepek ,kerem isnetepmok ,kerem satilibatkiderpav nakgnades ,kerem naakusek takiret lebair )elbairav tnedneped( iutupilem
nad sataid lebairav amil rasad sata isaulave id gnay kerem adap naayacrepek ijugnem kutnU .sataid lebairav maneek sata atpicret gnay kerem satilayol
gnem nagned rukuid lebairav paites ,ini naitilenep sisetopih nemurtsni nakanug .lebairav irad isnemid gnatnet naaynatrep isireb gnay renoiseuk kutneb malad
NASAHABMEP & NAITILENEP LISAH
.naitileneP lisaH .A
,nakukalid ledom tnemerusaem naijugnep napahat hurules haleteSrepid halet gnay kurtsnok hurules ayntujnales naitilenep ledom malad ikiab
71
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
natlumis araces ijuid kutnu nial amas utas nakgnubuhid nad naklupmukid( tset tif ledom llarevo nakukalrepid lebairav hurules ini napahat malaD .)
nagnubuh taubmem nagned ilawaid naijugneP .nednepedni lebairav iagabesa nairavok naijugnep nagned lususid naidumek ,ledom malad kurtsnok ratn
,satilamron ycnegrevnoc , tnanimicsid naijugnep nagned pututid nad ssendoogtif fo .
)1 reiltuO nad satilamroN ijU
lepmas halmuj nagned atad isubirtsid satilamron naijugnePakkujnunem 231 kaynabes adap adareb satilamron etairavitlum ialin n
iagabes 35 lebat ,%1 naayacrepek takgnit nagneD .473,2 akgna isubirtsid naikimed nagneD .85,2 ± akgna nakkujnunem gnidnabmep
akgna aratnaid adareb weks nad sisotruk .r.c ialin alib lamron nakatakid -85,2 nad 85,2 .r.c akgna nuputas nakumetid kadit tahilret ini siset malaD .
habmatid ,weks nupuam sisotruk kiab ,isnarelot akgna raulid adareb gnay igal nakulrepid kadit ini nagneD .iauses aguj gnay etairavitlum .r.c ialin
ata sibonalaham edotem nagned reiltuo naialinep gnay lepmas ratfad u
81
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
irad huaj aynkaraj diortnec malad lepmas awhab naklupmisid tapad nad ,.reiltuo nakumetid kadit nad lamron isubirtsidreb halet ledom
5 lebaT 3 , )1 rebmun puorG( ytilamron fo tnemssessA elbairaV niM xaM weks .r.c sisotruk .r.c
A2Y 00.2 0 000.5 740. 122. - 365. - 123.1
B2Y 000.2 000.5 - 340. - 302. - 045. - 662.1
C2Y 000.2 000.5 - 850. - 372. - 756. - 245.1
B1Y 000.1 000.5 - 313. - 864.1 411. 762.
C1Y 000.1 000.5 - 522. - 350.1 - 324. - 399.
b5X 000.1 000.5 - 850. - 172. - 092. - 086.
a5X 000.1 000.5 - 041. - 956. - 852. - 406.
d4X 000.1 000.5 021. 565. - 925. - 042.1
c4X 000.1 000.5 - 550. - 952. - 181. - 424.
e3X 000.1 000.5 - 550. - 952. - 916. - 254.1
a3X 000.2 000.5 242. 631.1 - 966. - 865.1
etairavitluM
989.6 473.2
)2 ytidilaV ycnegrevnoC ijU
h nadilaveK u lisa j i ytidilav ycnegrevnoc tapad rotakidni elbat adap P ialin tahilem nagned iuhatekid 74 irad raseb hibel kadit gnay
.%5 naayacrepek takgnit adap 50,0 nad %1 naayacrepek takgnit adap 10,0 ayntujnaleS gnidaol rotcaf ibel surah rulaj neisifook ialin uata .056,0 irad h
:tukireb iagabes lisah helorepid naijugnep adaP
91
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
5 lebaT 4 , 1 rebmun puorG( :sthgieW noissergeR dezidradnatS - )ledom tluafeD
tamitsEe
R2 EVA
a3X < --- KEREM_ISNETEPMOK 897. 736.0 486.0
e3X < --- KEREM_ISNETEPMOK 558. 137.0
c4X < -- - NAAHASUREP_ADAP_NAAYACREPEK 808. 356.0 627.0
d4X < --- NAAHASUREP_ADAP_NAAYACREPEK 498. 997.0
a5X < --- KEREM_ADAP_NAAKUSEK 208. 346.0 226.0
b5X < --- KEREM_ADAP_NAAKUSEK 577. 106.0
C1Y < --- KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK 838. 207.0 275.0
B1Y < --- CREPEK KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYA 466. 144.0
C2Y < --- KEREM_SATILAYOL 978. 377.0
737.0 B2Y < --- KEREM_SATILAYOL 378. 267.0
A2Y < --- KEREM_SATILAYOL 328. 776.0
5 lebaT 5 , 1 rebmun puorG( :sthgieW noissergeR - )ledom tluafeD
etamitsE .E.S .R.C P lebaL
a3X < --- KEREM_ISNETEPMOK 000.1
e3X < --- KEREM_ISNETEPMOK 760.1 131. 061.8 ***
c4X < --- NAAHASUREP_ADAP_NAAYACREPEK 000.1
d4X < --- NAAHASUREP_ADAP_NAAYACREPEK 322.1 221. 420.01 ***
a5X < --- KEREM_ADAP_NAAKUSEK 000.1
b5X < --- KEREM_ADAP_NAAKUSEK . 059 511. 692.8 ***
02
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
etamitsE .E.S .R.C P lebaL
C1Y < --- KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK 000.1
B1Y < --- KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK 167. 390. 422.8 ***
C2Y < --- KEREM_SATILAYOL 000.1
B2Y < --- KEREM_SATILAYOL 249. 070. 883.31 ***
A2Y < --- KEREM_SATILAYOL 998. 470. 080.21 ***
adareb rotakidni hurules rulaj neisifook ialin awhab itkubreT naijugnep lisah alup utigaB .%1 naayacrepek takgnit adap 056,0 sataid ialin awhab tahilret ,aynkurtsnok ihuragnepmem malad rotakidni natlumis
akgna sataid adareb kurtsnok /elbairav hurules EVA tapad aggniheS .5,0 halet naitilenep ledom malad kurtsnok hurukes awhab nakitsapid
.nagnubuh natareek tarays ihunemem
)3 ytidilaV tnanimircsiD ijU
natareek ijugnem gnay ytidilav ycnegrevnoc iju nagned adebreBidilav tnanimircsid iju ,rotacidni ratna nagnubuh pait nakinuek ijugnem yt
.satireinilokitlum aynada kadit nakitsamem kutnu ledom malad kurtsnok kadit kurtsnok ratna isalerok ialin alib kiab nakatakid naijugnep lisaH elbat adap tahilid tapad naijugnep lisaH .58,0 uata 8,0 irad hibel
:tukireb noitalerroc
5 lebaT 6 , 1 rebmun puorG( :snoitalerroC - )ledom tluafeD
etamitsE
NAAHASUREP_ADAP_NAAYACREPEK < -- > KEREM_ADAP_NAAKUSEK 947.
KEREM_ISNETEPMOK < -- > NAAHASUREP_ADAP_NAAYACREPEK 706.
KEREM_ISNETEPMOK < -- > KEREM_ADAP_NAAKUSEK 006.
SUREP_ADAP_NAAYACREPEK NAAHA < -- > KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK 047.
KEREM_ADAP_NAAKUSEK < -- > KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK . 538
KEREM_ISNETEPMOK < -- > KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK 727.
KEREM_ISNETEPMOK < -- > KEREM_SATILAYOL 066.
NAAHASUREP_ADAP_NAAYACREPEK < -- > KEREM_SATILAYOL 147.
KEREM_ADAP_NAAKUSEK < -- > KEREM_SATILAYOL 217.
12
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
etamitsE
KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK < -- > KEREM_SATILAYOL . 639
T padahret naayacrepeK lebairav aratna isalerok akgna ayniggni utiay ,sataid naksalej itilenep halet kereM satilayoL lebairaV nad kereM
nep nagnitnepek anug nasupahgnep agudid tutap nupualaW .naitile.tiF hibel idajnem ledom nakbabeynem naka lebairav utas halas padahret
)4 tiF fo ssendooG ijU
utaus nakococek ijugnem kutnu naujutreb tiF fo ssendooG ijU iju id kutnu ledom aynkadit kayal nakutnenem ini pahaT .ledom pahatid
ssenedooG naijugnep lisah nupadA .ledoM larukurtS iju utiay ayntukireb:tukireb iagabes halai tiF fo
5 lebaT 7 , yrammuS tiF ledoM
NIMC ledoM RAPN NIMC FD P FD/NIMC
ledom tluafeD 23 355.84 43 050. 824.1
ledom detarutaS 66 000. 0
om ecnednepednI led 11 917.029 55 000. 047.61
5 lebaT 8 , IFG ,RMR ledoM RMR IFG IFGA IFGP
ledom tluafeD 320. 939. 288. 484.
ledom detarutaS 000. 000.1
ledom ecnednepednI 563. 662. 911. 122.
5 lebaT 9 , snosirapmoC enilesaB
ledoM IFN
1atleD IFR
1ohr IFI
2atleD ILT
2ohr IFC
ledom tluafeD 749. 519. 489. 379. 389.
ledom detarutaS 000.1
000.1
000.1
ledom ecnednepednI 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.
lebaT 06 , AESMR
22
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
ledoM AESMR 09 OL 09 IH ESOLCP
ledom tluafeD 750. 000. 190. 843.
ledom ecnednepednI 743. 723. 663. 000.
T leba 6 tif fo ssendoog ,1 – naitilenep ledom
XEDNI LISAH NAGNARETEK
sehcidnI tiF etulosbA
ihC - erauqS 050,0 kiaB tagnaS
)IFG( tiF fo ssendooG 939,0 kiaB tagnaS
AESMR 750,0 kiaB tagnaS
sehcidnI tiF latnemercnI
IFGA 288,0 kuruB
ILT 379,0 kiaB tagnaS
FN I 749,0 kiaB tagnaS
IFC 389,0 kiaB tagnaS
sehcidnI tiF suoinomisraP
(X2 )fd/ 824,1 kiaB tagnaS
nupualaw ,kiab nakatakid tapad ini ledom nahurulesek araceS ini laH .radnats hawabid adareb gnay tif rotakidni utas tapadret
tnu kayal ledom awhab nakkujnunem utiay ayntujnales napahat id ijuid ku.ledoM larutkurtS iju
32
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
.1 ledoM larutcurtS
ledom narukugnep haletes MES sisilana irad audek pahaT( ledoM tnemerusaeM naijugnep aynrasad adaP .ledom larutcurts naijugep halai )
d tujnal hibel isaterpretni irad hibelkadit ini ajas aynah ,ledom narukugnep ira sisetopih naijugnep tagnignem gnitnep idajnem ledom larutkurs naijugnep
.ini pahat adap nakukalid
amatrep gnay ,amatu naigab aud itupilem ledom larutcurts narukugneP nagned ledom nahurulesek ijugnem utiay tiF fo ssendooG d , audek gnay na
uata kurtsnok aratna nagnubuh inkay ,setamitse retemarap larutcurts ijugnem.ledom larutkurs maladid ada gnay nedneped lebairav nagned nednepedni elbairav
rabmaG ledom larutkurts iju
.a tiF fo ssendooG ijU
utnu naujutreb tiF fo ssendooG ijU .ledom nahurulesek ijugnem k:tukireb iagabes halai tiF fo ssenedooG naijugnep lisah nupadA
6 lebaT 2 , yrammuS tiF ledoM NIMC
ledoM RAPN NIMC FD P FD/NIMC
42
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
ledoM RAPN NIMC FD P FD/NIMC
ledom tluafeD 92 022.25 73 050. 114.1
ledom detarutaS 66 000. 0
ledom ecnednepednI 11 917.029 55 000. 047.61
6 lebaT 3 , IFG ,RMR ledoM RMR IFG IFGA IFGP
ledom tluafeD 420. 539. 488. 425.
ledom detarutaS 000. 000.1
ledom ecnednepednI 563. 662. 911. 122.
6 lebaT 4 , snosirapmoC enilesaB
ledoM IFN
1atleD IFR
1ohr IFI
2atleD ILT
2ohr IFC
afeD ledom tlu 349. 619. 389. 479. 289.
ledom detarutaS 000.1
000.1
000.1
ledom ecnednepednI 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.
6 lebaT 5 , AESMR ledoM AESMR 09 OL 09 IH ESOLCP
ledom tluafeD 650. 200. 980. 463.
ledom ecnednepednI 743. 723. 663. 000.
baT 6 le 6 doog , tif fo ssen - ledom larutkurts
XEDNI LISAH NAGNARETEK
sehcidnI tiF etulosbA
ihC - erauqS 050,0 kiaB
52
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
)IFG( tiF fo ssendooG 539,0 kiaB tagnaS
AESMR 650,0 kiaB tagnaS
sehcidnI tiF latnemercnI
IFGA 488,0 kuruB
ILT 479,0 kiaB tagnaS
IFN 349,0 kiaB tagnaS
C IF 289,0 kiaB tagnaS
sehcidnI tiF suoinomisraP
(X2 )fd/ 114,1 kiaB tagnaS
amirenem tif xedni agitek awhab nakkujnunem naijugnep lisaH ihunemem kadit gnay IFGA rotakidni adap ilaucek ini ledom nakococek
tapad ledom mumu araces ,naikimed nupualaW .radnats kiab nakatakid.231 lepmas halmuj nagned
.b sisetopiH naijugneP
kalonem nad amirenem malad nasutupek nalibmagnep rasaD ialin tahilem nagned halai %5 naayacrepek takgnit nagned ini sisetopih
thgiew noisserger elbat adap level ytilibaborp aynnasalejnep nupada , halai:tukireb iagabes
H akam 50,0 > P alibapA i H nad kalotid o amiretid H akam 50,0 < P alibapA i H nad amiretid o kalotid
halai naitilenep ledom setamitse retemarap naijugnep lisah nupadA:tukireb iagabes
6 lebaT 7 , sthgieW noissergeR
etamitsE .E.S .R.C P lebaL
KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK < --- KEREM_ISNETEPMOK 913. 701. 099.2 300. nakifingiS
KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK < --- NAAHASUREP_ADAP_NAAYACREPEK 892. 931. 251.2 130. nakifingS
KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK < --- KEREM_ADAP_NAAKUSEK 704. 341. 348.2 400. nakifingiS
KEREM_SATILAYOL < --- KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK 459. 980. 707.01 *** nakifinigiS
62
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
6 lebaT 8 , sthgieW noissergeR dezidradnatS
etamitsE
KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK < --- KEREM_ISNETEPMOK 003.
KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK < --- EP_ADAP_NAAYACREPEK NAAHASUR 382.
KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK < --- KEREM_ADAP_NAAKUSEK 604.
KEREM_SATILAYOL < --- KEREM_PADAHRET_NAAYACREPEK 829.
bairav awhab itkubret sataid naijugnep lisah lebat iraD e isnetepmeK lbairaV ,%3,0 naayacrepek takgnit adap nakifingis huragnepreb naayacepeK le
,%1,3 naayacrepek takgnit adap nakifingis huragnepreb naahasureP adap takgnit adap nakifingis huragnepreb kerem adap naakuseK elbairav
bairav nad ,%4,0 naayacrepek e hreT naayacrepeK l a huragnepreb kereM pad takgnit adap nakifinfis rem satilayol ke naklupmiynem itilenep akaM .%00,0
:awhab
isatupeR nednepednI lebairaV awhab agudnem gnay )1 H( sisetopiH gnay fitisop huragnep ikilimem kadit naitilenep ledom adap kereM
kereM naayacrepeK nedneped lebairav padahret nakifingis
bairav ,) 2 H ( sisetopiH ledom adap kereM satilibatkiderP nednepednI le lebairav padahret nakifingis gnay fitisop huragnep ikilimem kadit aguj ini
kereM naayacrepeK nednepeD
gnay fitisop huragnep ikilimem kereM isnetepmoK ,) 3H ( sisetopiHyacrepeK nakutnebmep padahret nakifingis naijugnep lisaH .kereM naa
huragnep iaynupmem kereM isnetepmoK lebairav awhab nakkujnunem rasebes kereM naayacrepeK aynkutnebret padahret nakifingis gnay fitisop
gnay lihin sisetopih nad ,amiretid sisetopih akam 50,0 hawabid 300,0 )P(nkilabes nakataynem .kalotid ay
adap naayacrepeK awhab nakataynem gnay sisetopih ,)4 H( sisetopiH aynkutnebret padahret nakifingis gnay fitisop huragnepreb naahasureP awhab lisa helorepid naijugnep lisah nakrasadreb ,kereM naayacrepeK
imem naahasureP adap naayacrepeK lebairav ( utiay fitisop huragnep kil akam , naikimed nagneD .50,0 hawabid adareb % 1,3 uata 1300,0 )P araces itkubret ini tapme ek sisetppih awhab naklupmisid tapad
.naknikayem
72
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
huragnepreb kereM naakuseK awhab nakataynem gnay , )5H( sisetopiHgis araces fitisop ,kereM naayacrepeK aynkutnebret ihuragnepmem nakifin
adap kereM naayacrepeK ihuragnepmem nakifingis araces ini lebairav.itkubret amil ek sisetopih aggnihes 50,0 hawabid adareb, 400,0 tagnit
kereM padahret naayacrepeK awhab nakataynem gnay ,)6H( sisetopiH naitilenep lisah ,kereM satilayoL nakutnebmep padahret huragnepreb ikilimem aguj kereM padahret naayacrepeK awhab nakkujnunem kereM satilayoL aynkutnebret padahret nakifingis gnay fitisop huragnep
etopih aggnihes 50,0 hawabid adareb 000,0 )P( rasebes utiay .amiretid sis
.c nasahabmeP
pukuc aynranebes itilenep nakanugid gnay ledom ini naitilenep adaPitatneserper nad ladnah f , bairav nupuam rotakidni irad kiab e kutnU .l
turunem gnay 056,0> radnats ialin nakanuggnem itilenep rotakidni naijugnep991( eeL & yermoC tagnas natakgnit malad adareb gnay nagnubuh“ itrareb )2
.”kiab
.1 kereM isatupeR
;utiay rotakidni 4 helo kutnebid kereM isatupeR kurtsnoK araceS kiab kerem isatuper mumu )a1X( , tapad kerem mumu araceS
ayacrepid b1X( ) , nial gnaro irad ragnedneM ikilimem kerem awhab kiab isatuper X( c1 ). tapad kerem awhab nial gnaro irad ragnedneM
ayacrepid ( d1X ).
gnisam ,nagnubuh natareek naijugnep adaP - nabeb gnisam( nataum gnidaol rotcaf gnatner adap adareb ini kurtsnok adap rotakidni )
.078,0 nagned iapmas 747,0 lisah helorepid naktardaukid ini ialin aliB rotakidni aynnurut kian isairav aynitra ,657,0 nagned iapmas 755,0 aratna isatupeR lebairav naksalejnem tapad %6,57 iapmas %7,55 kaynabes ini
af helo naksalejid %3,44 iapmas %4,42 aynasis ,kereM k 1e( rorre rotas anem ini laH .)4e nagned iapm n tagnas rotakidni hurules awhab nakad
iderp idajnem kutnu kiab k bairav rot e .kereM isatupeR l
.2 kereM satilibatkiderP
;utiay rotakidni 6 helo naksalejid kereM satilibatkiderP kurtsnoKs irad naktapadid nigni gnay apa uhat naggnaleP X( kerem haube a2 ) ,
kerem satilauk nad ajrenik iskiderpmem malad naggnalep naupmameKX( b2 ) , X( satilauk agajnem netsisnok kereM c2 ) , ajrenik ikilimem kereM
82
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
X( netsisnok gnay d2 ) , gnatad asamid kerem ajrenik naka uhat naggnalePX( amas gnay kerem ilebmem akij 2e) , ajrenik ikilimem kereM iauses
X( naparah f2 ).
( nataum nabeb nagnubuh natareek naijugnep adaP rotcafgnidaol idni ) k idni awhab nakumenem itilenep ,rota k “ rota ikilimem kereM
netsisnok gnay ajrenik ” X( d2 ) “ , kerem ajrenik naka uhat naggnalePij gnatad asamid amas gnay kerem ilebmem ak ” X( e2 ) “ , ikilimem kereM
ajrenik naparah iauses ” X( f2 ) gnisam , - nad 255,0 ialin nakujnunem gnisam .056,0 radnats ialin hawabid aynhurules anam gnay ,536,0 atres 025,0
gnisam akiteK - d 503,0 lisah helorepid naktardauk id ialin gnisam 072,0 naidni aynnurut kian isairav aynitra gnay 404,0 atres k rota - ini rotakidni
bairav naksalejnem tapad aynah e gnisam kerem satilibatkiderP l - gnisam helo naksalejid aynasis ,%4,04 nad %72 ,%5,03 rasebes rotcaf euqinu ,8e(
ab nakadnanem ini laH .)01e nad 9e idni awh k kadit f2X nad e2X ,d2X rotaiderp idajnem kutnu tauk pukuc k bairav rot e .kereM satilibatkiderP l
.3 kereM isnetepmoK
;utiay rotakidni 5 helo naksalejid kereM isnetepmoK kurtsnoKX( nial rayabarp utrak kerem irad kiabret kerem nakapurem kereM a3 ) ,
kereM nial kerem adapirad kiab hibel nagned nahutubek ihunemem tapadX( b3 ) , X( nial kerem irad kiab hibel gnay ajrenik ikilimem kereM c3 ) ,
X( nial kerem irad fitkefe hibel kereM d3 ) , gnay nial kerem ada kadiTX( kiab hibel f3 .)
abeb nagnubuh natareek naijugnep adaP ( nataum n rotcafgnidaol idni ) k idni awhab nakumenem itilenep ,rota k “ rota tapad kereM
nial kerem adapirad kiab hibel nagned nahutubek ihunemem ” X( b3 ), nad“ nial kerem irad fitkefe hibel kereM ” X( d3 ) gnisam - nakkujnunem gnisam
anam gnay ,136,0 nad 050,0 ialin radnats ialin hawabid adareb aynaudekialin aliB .056,0> - nad 300,0 ialin helorepid akam naktardauk id ini ialin
idni aynnurut kian isairav aynitra gnay 893,0 k rota - aynah ini rotakidnibairav naksalejnem tapad e gnisam kerem satilibatkiderP l - rasebes gnisam
0 helo naksalejid aynasis ,%8,93 nad ,%3, rotcaf euqinu laH .)41e nad 21e(idni awhab nakadnanem ini k kutnu tauk pukuc kadit d3X nad b3X rota
iderp idajnem k bairav rot e .kereM isnetepmok l
.4 naahasureP adap naayacrepeK
salejid naahasureP adap naayacrepeK kurtsnoK 4 helo nak ;utiay rotakidni kerem kilimep naahasurep adap naggnalep naayacrepeK
X( a4 ) , gnaruc ukalreb naka kadit naahasureP haubes awhab ayacrePX( b4 ) , aynhunepes naahasurep iayacrepmem asib asarem naggnaleP
92
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
X( c4 ) , b gnay kudorp satilauk naka ayacrep asaR naahasurep irad kiaX( d4 .)
( nataum nabeb nagnubuh natareek naijugnep adaP rotcafgnidaol rotakidni awhab nakumenem itilenep ,rotakidni ) “ naayacrepeK
kerem kilimep naahasurep adap naggnalep ” )a4X( nad “ awhab ayacreParuc ukalreb naka kadit naahasureP haubes gn ” ,)b4X( gnisam - gnisam
,0 ialin nakkujnunem 385 6,0 nad 90 hawabid adareb aynaudek anam gnay , .056,0> radnats ialin ialin aliB - ialin helorepid akam naktardauk id ini ialin
idni aynnurut kian isairav aynitra gnay 173,0 nad 043,0 k rota - ini rotakidnipad aynah bairav naksalejnem ta e gnisam kerem satilibatkiderP l - gnisam
helo naksalejid aynasis ,%1,73 nad ,%43 rasebes rotcaf euqinu nad 61e(idni awhab nakadnanem ini laH .)71e k tauk pukuc kadit b4X nad a4X rota
iderp idajnem kutnu k bairav rot e .kereM isnetepmok l
.5 useK kereM adap naak
rotakidni 3 helo naksalejid kereM adap naakuseK kurtsnoK ;utiay mumu araces kerem adap akus asaR X( a5 ), hilimem akus hibel asaR
nial kerem adapirad gnarakes aynilebid gnay kerem X( b5 ) , nakapureM tirovaf kerem X( c5 )
h natareek naijugnep adaP ( nataum nabeb nagnubu rotcafgnidaol rotakidni awhab nakumenem itilenep ,rotakidni ) “ nakapureM
tirovaf kerem ” X( c5 ) ,0 ialin nakkujnunem 616 aynaudek anam gnay ,ialin aliB .056,0> radnats ialin hawabid adareb - naktardauk id ini ialin
3,0 ialin helorepid akam ini rotakidni aynnurut kian isairav aynitra gnay 08 ,%83 rasebes kereM adap naakuseK lebairav naksalejnem tapad aynah
.)22e( rotcaf euqinu helo naksalejid aynasis awhab nakadnanem ini laHuseK elbairav rotciderp idajnem kutnu tauk pukuc kadit c5X rotacidni naak
.kereM adap
.6 kereM padahret naayacrepeK
3 helo naksalejid kereM padahret naayacrepeK kurtsnoK ;utiay rotakidni kerem adap naggnalep naayacrepeK 1Y( a), asib naggnaleP
kerem ajrenik rukugnem uata tahilem Y( b1 ) , asib asarem naggnalePes kerem iayacrepmem aynhunep Y( c1 ).
( nataum nabeb nagnubuh natareek naijugnep adaP rotcafgnidaol awhab nakumenem itilenep ,rotacidni ) hurules nataum nabeb ialin
rotakidni ialin sataid adareb aynagitek ,286,0 atres 718,0 nad 986,0 halaiwhab nakadnanem ini laH .056,0> radnats idni agitek a k tauk pukuc rota
bairav naksalejnem kutnu e .naahasureP padahret naayacrepeK l
03
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
.7 kereM satilayoL
;utiay rotakidni 3 helo naksalejid kereM satilayoL kurtsnoK“ nial kerem nupiksem amas gnay kerem ilebmem patet kutnu naaideseK
gnotop nakukalem gnades na ” Y( a2 ) “ , gnay ilebmem kutnu naaideseKaidesret kadit nial kerem amas gnay taas adap akij utkaw nialid amas ”
Y( b2 ) “ , akij nial tapmet id amas gnay kerem iracnem patet naaideseKokot utas halas id aidesret kadit kerem ” .)c2Y(
nubuh natareek naijugnep adaP ( nataum nabeb nag rotcafgnidaol awhab nakumenem itilenep ,rotakidni ) hurules nataum nabeb ialin
rotakidni ialin sataid adareb aynagitek ,419,0 atres 088,0 nad 377,0 halai tauk pukuc rotacidni agitek awhab nakadnanem ini laH .056,0> radnats
ksalejnem kutnu bairav na e .kereM satilayoL l
ijuid gnay lebairav 7 salejnep rotakidni 82 irad ini naitilenep malaDk tujnal hibel sesorpid kutnu kayal gnay rotakidni 02 nakasiynem e pahat
naijugnep ytidilav tnanimircsid itrareb ini laH .kurtsnok pait adeb iju uata 02 awhab itileneP .isrotsid imalagnem nikgnum tagnas hisam rotakidni
ratna isalerok ialin halai nakanugid gnay radnats ialin 2 nakanuggnem ini radnats aud nakanuggneP .58,0 nad 8,0 irad hibel kadit gnay kurtsnok
urem hibel ipatet naka ,isnetsisnokni nakapurem nakub ledom nairacnep nakap radnats ,nial atak nagneD .ada gnay iroet nakrasadreb patet nagned kiab gnay ipatet naka ,8,0 irad hibel kadit gnay isalerok ialin halai nakanugid gnay rasad
akgna ek nakkanid naka radnats ataynret alib ;utiay isidnok aud malad 58,0 ≤ pukuc gnay huragnep ikilimem itkubret tubesret isalerokreb gnay kurtsnok audek gnay nad %5,0 naayacrepek takgnit nagned nakifingis nad tauk
naijugnep lisah uggnaggnem kadit tubesret kurtsnok tiF fo ssendooG nakhaB .a kurtsnok aparebeb ini naitilenep malad aynnaadarebek etulosba paggnaid nak
.tubesret kurtsnok naadarebek ayngnitnep anerak
iggnit tagnas gnay isalerok aynada nakkujnunem kurtsnok adeb ijUbairav aratna e bairav nagned kereM isatupeR l e gnay kereM isnetepmoK l
bairav aratna ,919,0 iapacnem e atupeR l bairav nagned kereM is e lbairav aratna ,598,0 iapacnem gnay kereM satilibatkiderP e satilibatkiderP l
bairav nagned kereM e aratna ,728,0 iapacnem gnay kereM isnetepmoK lbairav nagned kereM adap naakuseK lebairaV e padahret naayacrepreK l
,0 iapacnem gnay kereM kereM padahret naayacrepeK lebairaV aratna nad 538bairav nagned e .549,0 iapacnem gnay kereM satiayoL l
bairav padahret nakukalid nasupahgneP e nad kereM isatupeR l gnay nagnubuh ikilimem itkubret aynaudek anerak kereM satilibatkiderP
gnisam hamel - gnisam - ,0 padahret nasupahgnep uti gnipmasid ,071,0 nad 803bairav aud e naijugnep lisah ikiabrepmem pukuc hadus ini l tiF fo ssendooG .
13
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
aynhuragnep anerak naknahatrepid kereM adap naakuseK lebairav nupadAadit nad %1 isnakifingis takgnit adap 604,0 utiay nanimod pukuc uggnagnem k
iju lisah ooG d tiF fo ssen padahret itilenep nakirebid susuhk naukalreP .bairav e bairav naadarebek anam gnay ,kereM satilayoL l e paggnaid aynl
.tulosba
.1 lebairaV padahreT nednepednI lebairaV gnusgnaL huragnePnednepeD
bat malad gnusgnal huragneP e l tceffE tcerriD dezidradnatS uata iuhategneM ;utiay lah 3 iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb rulaj neisifook
bairav aratna gnusgnal nagnubuh e padahret netal kiab nad l sefinambat malad aynitrA .nedneped padahret nednepedni nupuam e naka ini l
nubuh aynraseb iuhatekid bairav aratna nag e sata iridret gnay nednepedni lbairav 3 e nad naahasureP padahret naayacrepeK ,kereM isnetepmoK( l
elbairav utiay nedneped elbairav padahret )kereM adap naakuseKbat malad uti nialeS .kereM padahret naayacrepeK e naka tubesret l
lup iuhatekid bairav aratna gnusgnal huragnep a e padahret naayacrepeK lbairav padahret kereM e .kereM satilayoL l
6 lebaT 9 , 1 rebmun puorG( stceffE tceriD dezidradnatS - )ledom tluafeD
5X 4X 3X 1Y 2Y
1Y 604. 382. 003. 000. 000.
2Y 000. 000. 000. 829. 000.
A2Y 000. . 000 000. 000. 228.
B2Y 000. 000. 000. 000. 478.
C2Y 000. 000. 000. 000. 878.
B1Y 000. 000. 000. 466. 000.
C1Y 000. 000. 000. 548. 000.
b5X 577. 000. 000. 000. 000.
a5X 208. 000. 000. 000. 000.
d4X 000. 988. 000. 000. 000.
23
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
5X 4X 3X 1Y 2Y
c4X 000. 418. 000. 000. 0. 00
e3X 000. 000. 558. 000. 000.
a3X 000. 000. 797. 000. 000.
gnisam ratna gnusgnal huragneP - bairav gnisam e halada l ,)003,0 = kereM padahret naayacrepeK padahret kereM isnetepmoK( = kereM padahret naayacrepeK padahret naahasureP adap naayacrepeK(
,)382,0 = kereM padahret naayacrepeK padahret kereM adap naakuseK( .)829,0 = kereM satilayoL padahret kereM padahret naayacrepeK( ,)604,0 nad reinil ,fitisop gnay huragnep iaynupmem nednepedni lebairav agiteK
gnepmem malad %5 naayacrepek takgnit nagned nakifingis bairav ihura e lbairav huragnep nupadA .kerem padahret naayacrepeK e naayacrepeK l
bairav padahret kereM padahret e fitisop ,reinil halada kereM satilayoL l.%1 naayacrepek takgnit adap nakifingis nad
.2 ebairaV padahreT nednepednI lebairaV gnusgnaL kadiT huragneP lnednepeD
bat malad duskamid gnay gnusnal kadit huragneP e adap lbairav huragnep iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb ini naitilenep e nednepedni l
bairav padahret e nialeS .aynnial nedneped lebairav helo isaidemid gnay lneped elbairav huragnep alup iuhatekid tapad uti idni padahret ned k rota
bairav e ini huragnep anerak gnusgnal kadit nakatakiD .nedneped lbairav helo isaidemid e gnisam netal l - .rotakidni.gnisam
lebaT 07 , 1 rebmun puorG( stceffE tceridnI dezidradnatS - )ledom tluafeD
5X 4X 3X 1Y 2Y
1Y 000. 000. 000. 000. . 000
2Y 773. 362. 972. 000. 000.
A2Y 013. 612. 922. 367. 000.
B2Y 923. 032. 442. 218. 000.
C2Y 133. 132. 542. 518. 000.
B1Y 962. 881. 991. 000. 000.
33
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
5X 4X 3X 1Y 2Y
C1Y 343. 932. 452. 000. 000.
b5X 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.
a5X 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.
d4X 000. 00. 0 000. 000. 000.
c4X 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.
e3X 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.
a3X 000. 000. 000. 000. 000.
bat tahilem nagneD e l stceffE tceridnI dezidradnatS tapad sataidbairav huragnep iuhatekid e kereM satilayoL elbairav padahret nedneped l
saidemid gnay isnetepmoK( kereM padahret naayacrepeK elbairav helo i padahret naayacrepeK( ,)972,0 = kereM satilayoL padahret kereM kereM adap naakuseK( ,)362,0 = kereM satilayoL padahret naahasureP
j kadit sirayn naklisahid gnay ialiN .)773,0 = kereM satilayoL padahret huabairav gnusgnal huragnep ialin nagned adebreb e padahret nedneped l
bairav e naktaugnem haloes ini naaguD .kereM padahret naayacrepeK lbairav aratna iggnit tagnas gnay palrevo aynada naka itilenep naumet e l
irav aud a .ini nedneped leb
.3 bairaV latoT huragneP nednepeD lebairaV padahreT nednepednI le
isarobalok lisah iuhategnem kutnu nakduskamid latot huragnePbairav aratna gnusgnal kadit nad gnusgnal huragnep e padahret nedneped l
bairav e .nednepedni l
7 lebaT 1 , 1 rebmun puorG( stceffE latoT dezidradnatS - tluafeD )ledom
5X 4X 3X 1Y 2Y
1Y 604. 382. 003. 000. 000.
2Y 773. 362. 972. 829. 000.
A2Y 013. 612. 922. 367. 228.
43
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
5X 4X 3X 1Y 2Y
B2Y 923. 032. 442. 218. 478.
C2Y 133. 132. 542. 518. 878.
B1Y 962. 881. 991. 466. 000.
C1Y 343. 932. 452. 548. 000.
b5X 577. 000. 000. 000. 000.
a5X 208. 000. 000. 000. 000.
d4X 000. 988. 000. 000. 000.
c4X 000. 418. 000. 000. 000.
e3X 000. 000. 558. 000. 000.
a3X 000. 000. 797. 000. 000.
bat agit iraD e bairav awhab iuhatekid ,sataid nagnubuh l el- lebairavab tagnas hadus naitilenep malad ratna nagnubuh irad tahilid tapad ini lah ,ki
rav ai idni uata tsefinam leb k .iggnit tagnas gnay netal lebairav padahret rotabairav akitek nakhaB e bairav nagned nakgnubuhid nednepedni l e nedneped l
baT .kiab tagnas gnay lisah helorepid nup e narem naka hawabid l lebat 3 mukg.sataid
7 lebat 2 negodne padahret negoske lebairav huragnep ,
bairaVle
1 Y 2 Y
uragneP h
nusgnaLg
huragneP kadiTgnusgnaL
uragnePlatoT h
uragneP h
nusgnaLg
huragneP kadiTgnusgnaL
uragnePlatoT h
3X 003,0 - 003,0 - 972,0 972,0
4X 382,0 - 2,0 38 - 362,0 362,0
53
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
5X 604,0 - 604,0 - 773,0 773,0
1Y - - - 829,0 - 829,0
bat nakrasadreB e araces naitelenep naumet lisah akam ,sataid l: halada fitkejbo
.1 kereM isnetepmoK )3X( kereM padahreT naayacrepeK helo ruku id gnay)1Y( gis gnay isubirtsnok ikilimem iggnit padahret reinil nad nakifin
gnay rayabarp utrak kerem padahret nemusnok naayacrepek aynhadnerihC ytilibaborP ialin nagneD .nakanug akerem - irad gnaruk( %3,0 eruqS
rulaj neisifeok ialin helorepid )naayacrepek takgnit nakapurem gnay %1 ,003,0 rasebes kereM isnetepmok akitek aynitra gnay )3X( %001 kian
)1Y( kereM padahret naayacrepeK nakianek nagned ignerabid naka akam.%03 rasebes
.2 naahasureP adap naayacrepeK )4X( naayacrepeK helo rukuid gnay kereM padahret )1Y( nad nakifingis gnay isubirtsnok ikilimem reinil
utrak kerem padahret nemusnok naayacrepek aynhadner iggnit padahretihC ytilibaborP ialin nagneD .nakanug akerem gnay rayabarp - %1,3 eruqS
ialin helorepid )naayacrepek takgnit nakapurem gnay %5 irad gnaruk(aynitra gnay ,382,0 rasebes rulaj neisifeok adap naayacrepeK akitek
naahasureP )4X( nakianek nagned ignerabid naka akam %001 kian kereM padahret naayacrepeK )1Y( rasebes 3,82 .%
.3 kereM adap naakuseK )5X( padahret naayacrepeK helo rukuid gnay kereM )1Y( reinil nad nakifingis gnay isubirtsnok ikilimem padahret
rayabarp utrak kerem padahret nemusnok naayacrepek aynhadner iggnitihC ytilibaborP ialin nagneD .nakanug akerem gnay - gnaruk( %4,0 eruqS
neisifeok ialin helorepid )naayacrepek takgnit nakapurem gnay %1 iradakitek aynitra gnay ,604,0 rasebes rulaj kereM adap naakuseK )5X( kian
kereM padahret naayacrepeK nakianek nagned ignerabid naka akam %001)1Y( .%6,04 rasebes
.4 bairav irad isanibmoK e kereM isnetepmoK sata iridret gnay nednepedni l)3X( naahasureP adap naayacrepeK nad )4X( kereM adap naakuseK atres )5X( kereM padahret naayacrepeK helo rukuid gnay )1Y( ,natlumis araces
R ialin nakkujnunem 2 nad 757,0 rasebes )snoitalerroC elpitluM derauqS(ihC ytilibaborp ialin nagned itukiid - gnaruk( 000,0 rasebes ecnairav erauqS
acrepek takgnit nakapurem gnay %1 irad isairav aynitra gnay ,)naaybairav agit helo naksalejid tapad kereM padahret naayacrepeK lebairaV e l
aynasis ,%1 naayacrepek takgnit adap %7,57 aggnih sataid nednepedni
63
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
2180 :PH - 414 - 1140 : iskelF/0844 - 2205 - 915
af helo naksalejid %3,42 k naitilenep malad itiletid kadit gnay )1Z( nial rot.ini
.5 acrepeK kereM padahret naay )1Y( kereM satilayoL helo rukuid gnay )2Y( aynhadner iggnit padahret reinil nad nakifingis gnay isubirtsnok ikilimem .nakanug akerem gnay rayabarp utrak kerem padahret nemusnok satilayol
ihC ytilibaborP ialin nagneD - gnaruk( %00,0 eruqS gnay %1 irad rasebes rulaj neisifeok ialin helorepid )naayacrepek takgnit nakapurem %001 kian )1Y( kereM padahret naayacrepeK akitek aynitra gnay ,829,0 rasebes )1Y( kerem satilayoL nakianek nagned ignerabid naka akam
.%8,29
.6 bairav irad isanibmoK e nepedni l kereM isnetepmoK sata iridret gnay ned )5X( kereM adap naakuseK ,)4X( naahasureP adap naayacrepeK ,)3X( kereM satilayoL helo rukuid gnay )1Y( kereM padahreT naayacrepeK nad
R ialin nakkujnunem ,natlumis araces )1Y( 2 elpitluM derauqS(rasebes )snoitalerroC ihC ytilibaborp ialin nagned itukiid nad 268,0 -
takgnit nakapurem gnay %5 irad gnaruk( 310,0 rasebes ecnairav erauqS tapad kereM satilayoL lebairaV isairav aynitra gnay ,)naayacrepek
pme helo naksalejid a bairav t e adap %2,68 aggnih sataid nednepedni lakgnit )2Z( nial rotkaf helo naksalejid %8,31 aynasis ,%5 naayacrepek t
.ini naitilenep malad itiletid kadit gnay
.d lairejanaM isakilpmI
eeL dna uaL helo nakujaid gnay lautpesnok akgnarek iraD
nagnubuh nakrabmaggnem kutnu naijugnep ledom nakidajid kutnu )9991(na naayacrepek ,kerem isnetepmok ,kerem satilibatkiderp ,kerem isatuper arat
naayacrepek kutnebmem malad kerem naakusek nad ,naahasurep padahret ,kerem satilayol kutnebmem uata nugnabmem tapad aynrihka gnay kerem
ilenep malad amatu usi idajnem ini lah anamid .ini nait
utiay sabeb lebairav amilek ,)9991( eeL dna uaL turuneM
naayacrepek ,kerem isnetepmok ,kerem satilibatkiderp ,kerem isatupeR gnay sabeb lebairav nakapurem kerem naakusek nad naahasurep padahret
nay nial sabeb lebairav aratnaid huragnepreb gnilap kutnu aynijuid g aynrihka adap gnay kerem naayacrepek nakutnebmep huragnep iuhategnem sahab id nad ijuid halet gnay atad nakrasadreb numan ,kerem satilayol atpicret aynhurules kadit tubesret sabeb lebairav amilek ataynret nasahabmep malad
ngis araces upmam araces gnay kerem adap naayacrepek kutnebmem nakifiamasreb - hisam aggniheS .satilayol aynkutnebret ihuragnepmem naka amas
rotkaf ianegnem malad hibel ijakid ulrep gnay lah aparebeb tapadret - rotkafl padahret aynhuragnep nad kerem adap naayacrepek kutnebmep satilayo
73
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satilauk natakgninep kutnu .kerem lanretni nad gnitekram lanretxe tukireb , helo nakitahrepid ulrep gnay lairejanam isakilpmi gnatnet lah aparebeb
: naahasurep
.1 kereM isatupeR ikilimem itapmiS kerem awhab napaggnareb mumu araces
nad kiab isatuper irad ragnednem hanrep awhab nad ,ayacrepid tapad inis iraD .kiab isatuper ikilimem itapmiS kerem awhab nial gnaro padahret fitisop gnay nopser ikilimem nednopser awhab tahilret adap gnusgnal huragnepreb kadit ataynret numan ,kerem isatuper
pek nakutebmep .kerem padahret naayacre
helo ragnedid gnay nupapa awhab aguj naklupmisid tapaD anerak ,akerem naitahrep idajnem igal kadit tubesret lah nednopser kerem nakanuggnem gnusgnal namalagnepreb halet nednopser
akgnaj malad kerem nakanuggnem namalagneP .tubesret gnay utkaw ihunemem malad kerem naupmamek aynada nakadnanem amal ajrenik sata nasaupek aggnihes nemusnok naparah nad nahutubek nagned tujnalreb nad lucnum naka akus asar inis irad ,iapacret kerem
.kerem padahret gnalu nailebmep
menep nagned iauses naidumeK isatuper aratna nagnubuh nau rotakidni idajnem hamel gnay kerem satilibatkiderp nagned kerem kerem isatuper aratna naadebrep iuhategnem kadit nednopser awhab satilibatkiderp nad kerem isatuper anerak ,kerem satilibatkiderp nad
ret hadus mumu araces kerem anamid kerem isnetepmok helo ilikaw nakhubmunem sitamoto araces gnalureb nad amal gnay naiakamep gnay isnetepmok ikilimem kerem awhab nemusnok kaneb malad gnay satilauk nad ajrenik ikilimem iskiderp ayad nad isatuper araces
.sugab
ataid naiaru nakrasadreB igetarts awhab naklupmisid tapad akam ,s nial aratna naahasurep helo naknalajid tapad gnay fitkefe narasamep
: halada
akus asarem naggnalep taubmem upmam surah naahasureP anerak itapmis kerem nakanuggnem akitek aigahab nad
b gniries kutnebret naka isatuper lisah iagabes aynnalajre nad satilauk naka nemusnok nasaupek ayniapacret irad itapmis kerem ajrenik nad satilauk ,kerem ajrenik gnay araus ,sugab nad tauk gnay langis helo ihuragnepid
.tenretni seska nataukek nad natapecek ,hinrej
adnahek nakisakinumokgneM araces kerem nad kudorp nal uata nalki iulalem nahurulesek .noitaler cilbup aynnaujuT
anerak ,kerem naktaugnem nad nugnabmem kutnu
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nakukalem naka utnet nakanuggnem hadus gnay naggnalep htuom fo drow aggnihes ,kerem padahret fitisop gnay
nalki aynada nagned nad noitaler cilbup nikames naka kutnu isadnemoker irebmem layol naggnalep hadum
. kerem nakanuggnem
anamid adareb nad saul gnay nanayalep nagniraj ikilimeM - naggnalep halasam nanagnanep malad aynsusuhk ,anam
irtkele gnalu isi ,anadrep utrak naaideynep nad .kisif nad k
nakireb id abocnem uam gnay urab naggnalep kutnU harum gnay anadrep utrak agrah utiay ,nahadumek nahilip raga halada aynnaujut nahadumek macamreb nagned iridnes nakasarem nad nakanuggnem naka naggnalep
.kerem uata kudorp satilauk nad ajrenik
mane laminim anuggnep adapek isaiserpa nakirebmeM awhab atkaf irebmem halet iroet araces anerak ,nalub
turutreb araces gnalu nailabmep aynidajret - hadus turut nagned igalapa ,kerem padahret satilayol nakkujnunem
es ,utrak isartsiger metsys aynnakukalrebid kahip aggnih SMS apureb haidah irebmem tapad nikgnum rotarepo
.urab anuggnep adapek
.2 .kereM satilibatkiderP kerem naupmamek adap ucagnem inisid kerem satilibatkiderP naitilenep lisaH .aynsatilauk nad ajrenik iskiderpid tapad kutnu
nednopser awhab nakumenem gnay ajrenik padahret nopser gnaruk gnatad asamid kerem ajrenik naka uhat gnaruk nednopser ,netsisnok ikilimem kerem alib ayacrep gnaruk atres amas gnay ilebmem akij satilibatkiderp naktabikagnem ini naD .naparah iauses gnay ajrenik
is araces kadit kerem naayacrepek takgnit ihuragnrepmem nakifing uata iskiderp ayad ikilimem kerem raga aggnihes ,kerem padahret satilauk agajnem netsisnok araces surah kerem akam satilibatkiderp
:halada nial aratna aynisakilpmi ,aynajrenik nad
naahasurep ,iskudorp sesorp adaP nakitsamem surah nad nailadnegnep lah malad isnetsisnok aynada nad natakgninep ,satilauk nad utum nasawagnep id naksilunem nagned nagniraj nauakgnaj nagnabmegnep isamrofni irebmem nad kisif rehcuov id uata anadrep utrak
tegnem naggnalep aggnihes ,sms tawel araces iuha gnay nagnabmekrep nagnubmanisekreb nad netsisnok
.naahasurep nad kerem padahret idajret
93
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ayngnires nagned nugnabret tapad satilibatkiderP gnireses naggnalep ,kerem nagned nagnubuhreb naggnalep
d iskaretnireb suret kutnu natapmesek irebid nikgnum nagne naiakamep nagned anadrep utrak kutnu itrepes ,kerem aracib sunob tapadnem amatrep gnalu isi pait akam anadrep rathcuM turuneM .kerem iakamep amases ek sms uata ”aisenodnI aisunaM“ aynukub malad )1002( sibuL
m halada aisenodnI aisunam awhab nakatagnem aisuna rasadreb kadit gnay okiser iradnihgnem gnurednec gnay nauhategnep adap rasadreb uata akigol nagnabmitrep adap naka natukatek adap hibel numan ,aynnamalagnep nad ikilimem nednopser nupualaw aynitra ,iridnes uti okiser
numan ,isamrofni nad namalagnep hadum hibel naka nakitkubmem abocnem halet akij naayacrepek kutnebmem
kudorp uata kerem haubes iakamem nagned iridnes
isakinumok iulalem nugnabid tapad aguj satilibatkiderP .naggnalep adapek naahasurep irad natujnalekreb gnay
ofni awhab nikay surah rasameP nakirebid gnay isamrranebes gnay halada - satilauk naka netsisnok nad aynraneb
naggnalep alib anerak seska nahadumek nad nagniraj ajas asib aynijnaj ihunemem kadit kerem awhab itapadnem id tapad kadit kerem awhab napaggnareb naka naggnalep
satilauk iskiderp .ayn
utum nad satilauk sata ayacrep hibel urab anuggnep ragAasamid kerem nad kudorp - paites akam gnatad asam
irebid sataek nalub mane irad hibel gnay anuggnep tinem 5 aracib sunob tapadnem nalub mane kutnu ,isaiserpa
j 1 nuhat 2 ,tinem 02 nuhat 1 ,aynlasim gnay kutnu nad ma ,raseb hibel gnay sunob tapadnem sunob sataek nuhat 5 ini kerem awhab nasek lubmit anuggnep kaneb malad raga agajnem suret naka nad ada suret naka netsisnok araces nad nanigniek ihunemem upmam aggnihes satilauk
kaw irad anuggnep nahutubek .utkaw ek ut
.3 kereM isnetepmoK ikilimem kerem isnetepmok awhab nakkujnunem naitilenep lisaH naayacrepek nakutnebmep padahret nakifingis gnay fitisop huragnep kerem naupmamek adap ucagnem kerem isnetepmoK .kerem padahret
aD .nemusnok nahutubek ihunemem malad naitilenep lisah ir nednopser nahutubek irebmem upmam kerem awhab nakumetid hibel gnay ajrenik ikilimem kerem ,nial kerem irad kiab hibel nagned kerem irad fitkefe hibel paggnaid kerem atres ,nial kerem irad kiab
whab paggnagnem kadit nednopser numan ,nial id gnay kerem a
04
aisenodnI milsuM satisrevinU anajrasacsaP ,dimaH mahrA 6002 natakgnA ,narasameP nasuruJ ,
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gnay nial kerem ada anerak kiabret gnay kerem halada aynhilip irad kiab hibel gnay ajrenik nad satilauk irebmem upmam paggnaid idajnem gnay akam tubesret naumet satA .aynnakanug id gnay kerem
: halada nial aratna isakilpmi
surah naahasureP kerem isnetepmok awhab imahamem asib kutnu kerem haubes irad gnitnep lah idajnem naktapmenem aynkiabes naahasurep akam ,ayacrepid
mok p nad icnuk iagabes ini kerem isnete kutnU .nial kerem nagned igetarts nakisanibmokgnem
ukalem aynkiabes rasamep ,aynialumem naitilenep nak gnay nanigniek nad nahutubek uhat iracnem kutnu asib rasamep aggnihes ,kudorp nagned natiakreb nagned iauses gnay netepmok gnay kerem nugnabmem harum kerem halada A kereM “ ,naggnalep naparah
ilakreb - gnilap gnay kerem halada B kerem“ , ”ilak harum ”. ”adum kana aynkerem halada C kerem“ , ”tenretni seska satilisaf kutnu nakanugid sugab gnilap gnay D kerem“
I uata yrrebkcalb( “ enohptrams - isnetepmok )enohpgnisam - nalki uata enilgat irad tahilid salej kerem gnisam
kele aidem tawel nakraisid gnay .katec uata kinort
kerem nasaulrep nakukalem kadit aynkiabes naahasureP( uata )snoisnetxe dnarB anerak ,kerem isnetepmok raulid
surah naggnalep ,gnugnib taubid naka naggnalep helo ikilimid gnay kerem isnetepmok naka naknikayid
itapmiS aynlasim ,naahasurep ilakreb noplenem harum - kerem atpicret hadus nemusnok kaneb malad lahadap ,ilak alib ,naikimed lah nakraulegnem uluhad hibel gnay nial .saul gnay nauakgnaj halada itapmiS kerem isnetepmok ikilimid gnay kerem isnetepmok awhab naknikayem kutnU
pmam naahasurep akam akam kiabret gnay irebmem u nakanuggnem nagned naknikayid surah naggnalep
aynlasim sredael noinipo nad nagnadnap ikilimem gnay nakirebmem kutnu utnetret hayaliw malad nauhategnep nomoloS .naahasurep kerem ilikawem gnay naataynrep
ab nakataynem )4002( awh sredael noinipo gnitnep gnay anerak kerem retkarak taukrepmem kutnu nakanugid nad iuhategnem gnay gnaro halada sredael noinipo idajnem ikilimem ,kerem nauhategnep pukuc ikilimem nad fitka hibel laisos araces ,isamrofni ,sinket nauhategnep
ed gnubuhret idajnem asib atres aynsatinumok nagn nereferrewop aynnaataynrep nupuata tahisan ,tapadnep anamid ,
gnaro helo suires araces nakgnabmitrepid hibel gnurednec -.aynratikes gnaro
14
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raseb naigabes awhab nakumetid itilenep natamagnep iraDm awhab nakaynem nednopser kere - id ada gnay kerem
atok hayaliw id aynsusushk kaynab pukuc hadus rasap napaggnareb nednopser ,aynratikes nad rassakaM orteM narawanep nakirebmem upmam aguj nial kerem awhab nakbabes id ini ,naparah nagned iauses nakhutubid gnay
y rassakaM hayaliw helo nad gnabmekreb nikames gna gnay isakinumok ,ada gnay kududnep nakumejamek hadus aguj ipatet atok ratna aynah kadit gnabmekreb ,nataleS isewaluS isniporp hayaliw satab iuapmalem kerem iakamep aisenodnI id tapmet aparebeb id anamid
nagned isakinumokreb surah aggniheS .nial kerem iakamep agrah nakajibek anamiagab igal nakgnabmitrepid ulrep kadit naggnalep raga ,hayaliw satnil naiakamep kutnu hibel gnay tekap nakrawanem gnay nial kerem ek hilareb
.harum
aynnauakgnaj sata lanekret gnay ITAPmis raga nakayapuiDay nopelet tawel isakinumokelet nakukalem malad saul gn
aynsusuhk , tenretni nakanuggnem kutnu ipatet ,ralules kadit atad daolnwod uata tenretni seska nakukalem kutnu
.aynnauakgnaj saules
.4 .naahasureP adaP naayacrepeK ayacrepeK awhab nakumenem naitilenep lisaH naahasureP adaP na
naayacrepek aynkutnebret adap fitisop huragnepreb kerem kilimep adap naayacrepek awhab nakkujnunem atad ,kerem padahret ayacrep mumu araces nemusnok anerak nugnabret naahasurep
t naahasurep awhab ayacrep ,kerem naahasurep adap aynhunepes kadi ulales naahasurep awhab ayacrep nad ,gnaruc ukalreb naka
kudorp nakraulegnem - .naparah ihunemem upmam gnay kudorp
namalagnep iulalem ,nagnabmekrep nad sesorp iulalem haleteS kerem ismusmokgnem amales aynhelorepid gnay nauhategnep nad
ep naahasurep irad padahret naayacrepek awhab tahilret ,kerem kilim.natujnalekreb araces idajret naahasurep adap naayacrepek nad kerem
upmam naahasurep helo nakraulek id gnay kereM ajrenikreb gnay naahasurep iagabes naahasurep nakisatneserperem
d akus nemusnok akiteK .sugab araces akam tubesret kerem nagne naahasurep aparebeb aggnihes ,naahasurep iakuynem aguj sitamoto naahasurep nakatrestukignem ulales kerem nakraulegnem gnay
: halada aynlairejanam isakilpmi inis irad , kerem kilimep
nugnabmeM noitacinummoC etaroproC nagned naujut aratna nagnubuh ,naahasurep egami taukrepmem kutnu
24
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gnay lah aud irad taukrepid tapad naahasurep nagned kerem relleK pitugnem nagned ,nial amas utas gnukudnem tapad iagabes lucnum naahasurep naayacrepek awhab ,)3002(
aggnalep nanikayek irad isalumuka kudorp naka n gnay sativitka ,naahasurep naklisahid gnay satilaukreb aratna nilajret gnay isakinumok atres naahasurep nakukalid naahasurep ,inis iraD .aynnaggnalep nagned naahasurep nanikayek nugnabmem anamiagab nakitahrepmem surah
crep asib kutnu nemusnok aggnihes ,naahasurep adap aya ajrenik nad ijnaj aliB .gnalu nailebmep nakukalem aidesreb kerem adap ayacrep asar nakhubmunem naka akam itkubret atik gnay kitit uts adap itnehreb aynrihka adap gnay
.naaitesek nakaman
bmanisekreb araces aynaygoyes naahasureP kutnu nagnukudorp naklisahgnem nad isavonireb suret - ,urab kudorp
satilauk naknahatrepmem patet nagned rutif nahabmanep gnay ajas kerem utas ada alib anerak ,kerem ajrenik nad huragnepreb naka akam satilaukreb kadit paggna nemusnok
ap naayacrepek padahret ajas nikgnum nad ,naahasurep adnaugarek idajret naka - kerem nakanuggnem kutnu naugar
.naahasurep helo nakraulek id halet gnay nial
adapek isaiserpa irebmem surah lida araces naahasurePteltuo adapek ,layol gnay anuggnep - aites gnay teltuo
ad rehcuov laujnem ,anadrep utrak n
nakfitka kadit hadus gnay amal romon ilabmek akubmeM tagni hisam gnay anuggnep adapek isaiserpa irebmem uata hisam nad itam hadus aynutrak uata amal gnay aynromon
.tubesret romon naknignignem
.5 kereM adap naakuseK dnarB ot gnikiL kusek uata huragnep ikilimem aguj kerem adap naa
lisaH .kerem padahret naayacrepek nugnabmem nakifingis gnay fitisop ,mumu araces kerem adap akus asar awhab nakkujnunem naitilenep iju nad ,nial kerem gnidnabid ini taas kerem hilimem akus hibel asar
erem idajnem kerem adap huragnepreb gnay rotkaf idajnem tirovaf k kutnu isakilpmi iagabes ,kerem padahret naayacrepek nakutebmep
: halada nial aratna kerem adap naakusek nugnabmem
nad hadum ,tahil id kutnu kiranem kudorp taubmeMhreb ini lah ,nakisgnuf id akitek nakgnaneynem nagnubu
kudorp haubes akitetse isiS .niased nad nasamegnep nagned lah aumes D&R nemetraped iulalem ,nakiabaid nagnaj
.nakdujuwid tapad sataid
34
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aynnatiak malad igetarts nakgnabmegnem kutnu abocneM nakisaisosagnem arac nagned kerem naakusek nagned
utis nagned haubes nakumenem asib naggnalep anamid isa ,aigahab idajnem akerem taubmem naka gnay nagnanek gnay gnaroeses nagned kerem nakaisosagnem aynlasim ainud alaip akitek aynlasim ,takaraysam helo kiab lanekid niamep nakanuggnem ”itapmiS“ kerem akam gnusgnalreb
s iauses gnay kudorp nakisatneserpmem kutnu alob kape.alob atnicep nagned
.6 kereM padahret naayacrepeK kerem padahret naayacrepek awhab nakumenem naitilenep lisaH gnitnep ini lah ,kerem satilayol nakutebmep adap fitisop huragnepreb
gnabmem kutnu rasamep igab kerem adap naggnalep naayacrepek nuep nednopser adaP .akerem anuggn kerem utrak ITAPmis atok id
ini naitilenep malad kerem kitsiretkarak agit irad aud rassakaM orteM kadit kerem satilibatkiderp ,kerem isatuper :nial aratna itupilem gnay
tisop huragnepreb ,kerem padahret naayacrepek nakutebmep adap fi malad nakifingis araces huragnepreb gnay kerem isnetepmok aynah hibel gnay aynnial rotkaF .kerem padahret naayacrepek nakutebmep naakusek halada kerem padahret naayacrepek ihuragnepmem tauk
epek nad kerem adap ini lah ,kerem kilimep naahasurep adap naayacr: tukireb iagabes isakilpmi awabmem
padahret naayacrepek awhab imahamem surah naahasureP haubes halada kerem satilayol kutnebmem malad kerem nad naakuseK .kerem nad nemusnok aratna iskaretni sesorp
naayacrepek r nad napaggna ,ispesrep nakapurem a gnay as tabilret uata nagnubuhreb akitek naggnalep helo imalaid
pakis satilayol aynada nakkujnunem ini laH .kerem nagned nad akus akerem awhab ,kerem adap nednopser irad
akukalem nagned nakitkubid nad kerem adap ayacrep n satlibatkiderp ,kerem isatuper nakgnadeS .gnalu nailebmep
lah nakapurem kerem isnetepmok nad kerem - raulid lah nalutebek gnay nemusnok aynitra ,nemusnok ”irid“ hibel gnurednec ini naitilenep malad nednopser idajnem
atna nagnubuh ,irid pesnok nakitahrepmem nad kerem ar halini nasala kutnu ,inisid gnitnep lah idajnem nemusnok
lah nakitahrepmem hibel surah rasamep akam - gnay lah ,nemusnok nahutubek nad nanigniek ,naparah idajnem
araca ,nagnapal yevrus nakadagnem nagned aynlasim evilwohs niek uhat iracnem kutnu nemusnok naparah nad nanig
iulalem naggnalep irad nakusam nad naras atnimem nagned nakireb id naidumek ,SMS iulalem uata katec aidem
44
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,naahasurep irad rinevuos uata aslup sunob apureb nalabmi halet naahasurep itrareb ini nakukalem nagned
numok naktakgninem nemusnok imahamem ,aynisaki seskus icnuk nad gnitnep lah idajnem kiab nagned
.narasamep
nial kerem awhab nakkujnunem gnay naitilenep naumeT ikilimem nagned nemusnok naparah irebmem upmam aguj idajnem aynah nial kerem anamid ,hibel uata utrak aud
itanretla kadit gnay tabarek ikilimem nednopser akitek f nial kerem ataynreT .amas gnay kerem nakanuggnem patet nad gnalu nailebmep idajret kadit tubesret amal romon nasala nagned amal romon naknahatrepmem ajrenik atres satilauk nad gnaro kaynab iuhatekid hadus
gnay nailebmep idajret aggnihes nial kerem irad kiab hibel uata nuhat utas ihibelem amal gnay naiakamep nad gnalu nakkujnunem nalub mane utiay naitilenep amal nasatab aynlasiM .kerem adap aites kutnu nednopser nemtimok
naknahatrepmem patet kutnu akerem nauamek gnay romon ,nial kerem romon ilebmem surah nupualaw ikilimid nad amal gnay romon nigni gnay naggnalep ada nakhab tubesret lah tahilem nagneD .igal nakpudih id itam hadus margorp nakrawanem asib surah naahasurep akam sataid
p kutnu naggnalep igab narawanep amal romon nahitume .amal gnay romon iakamem ilabmek nigni naggnalep alib seska id hadum gnay tapmet id kerem nakaideyneM ,nagniraj ikilimem aguj gnay licnepret tapmet id nupuata awecek gnay naggnalep iradnihgnem kutnu nakukalid ini
nakumenem kadit akitek akitek nakanugid gnay kerem.nakhutub id gnades
NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK - NARAS nalupmiseK .A
aparebeb tapadret akam nakukalid halet gnay naitilenep nakrasadreBtukireb iagabes nalupmisek l , ami naayacrepeK isnemiD utiay
.1 R isatupe M kere ragnep ikilimem kadit , malad nakifingis gnay hukereM naayacrepeK kutnebmem
.2 P kerem satilibatkider malad nakifingis gnay huragnep ikilimem kadit ,kereM naayacrepeK kutnebmem
54
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.3 K kerem isnetepmo malad nakifingis gnay fitisop huragnep ikilimem ,.kereM naayacrepeK kutnebmem
.4 aayacrepek naahasurep adap n nakifingis gnay fitisop huragnep ikilimem ,.kereM naayacrepeK kutnebmem malad
.5 K naakuse M kere malad nakifingis gnay fitisop huragnep ikilimem aguj kereM naayacrepeK kutnebmem
.6 K lo nakumetid gnay nauca naitilenep nagned adebreb ini naadae uaL he amilek awhab nakkujnunem gnay ,)9991( eeL nad naayacrepeK isnemiD
kutnebmem malad huragnepreb gnilap gnay lebairav halada tubesret padahret naayacrepek lebairav helo isaidemid nagned kerem satilayol
.kerem
.7 ihuragnepmem nanimod gnilap gnay lebairaV naayacrepek aynkutnebret helo ituki id ,604,0 rasebes utiay kerem naakusek halada kerem adap naayacrepek halada rihkaret nad 003,0 rasebes kerem isnetepmok ini nednepedni lebairav agitek ,382,0 rasebes utiay naahasurep
ad reinil ,fitisop huragnep iaynupmem takgnit adap nakifingis n padahret naayacrepek lebairav ihuragnepmem malad % 5 naayacrepek
.kerem
.8 araces fitisop gnay huragnep ikilimem kerem padahret naayacrepeK rulaj neisifeok ialin nagned ,kerem satilayol nakutnebmep adap nakifingis
gnay 829,0 rasebes % 001 kian kerem padahret naayacrepek akitek aynitra.% 8,29 rasebes satilayol nakianek nagned ignerabid naka akam
.B .naras
gnay taafnam irebmem tapad nakparah id ini naitilenep , itilenep arap igaBk ianegnem natujnal naitilenep irad lawa iagabes hibel kerem padahret naayacrepe
iagabes isaidem ,kerem isnetepmok ,kerem satilibatkiderp ,kerem isatuper aratna satilayol nakutnebmep nagned kerem naakusek nad naahasurep adap naayacrepek
tujnales naitilenep gnajnunem kutnu naras aparebeb naikimed nagned .kerem ayn: nial aratna
.1 kutnu kiab tagnas hisam eeL nad uaL helo nakgnabmekid gnay ledoM aynkadneh ipatet naka ,kerem padahret naayacrepek rukugnem
aynisnemid ,iju id hadus gnay lebairav amilek nakanuggnem aynah kadit nakanugid gnay lebairav hurules ulrep alib nakanugid eeL nad uaL helo
.sugab hibel gnay lisah naktapadnem kutnu
.2 kudorp halada itiletid gnay aynmulebes naitilenep aneraK remusnoc,sdoog nagned naitilenep kejbo iracnem nigni alib aynkiabes akam
itiletid gnay kejbo ,eeL nad uaL irad ledom nakanuggnem aynaygoyes kudorp .sdoog remusnoc
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.3 ,arupagniS id rasebret llam gnujnugnep halada aynmulebes naitileneP ,rassakaM orteM atok id nakukalid aynah ini naitilenep nakgnades helorepid gnay apa aggnihes ,adebreb tikides nednopser retkarak aggnihes
naitilenep malad .uluhadret naitilenep nagned adebreb ini
.4 ,agrah padahret fitisnes aynmumu adap rassakaM orteM atoK nednopseR aggnihes ,utrak aud nakanuggnem aynaratnaid aparebeb anerak netsisnok araces tubesret naggnalep epit nakitahrepmem ulrep nemejanam
kirebmem nagned nagned gniasreb upmam gnay sms nad nopelet firat na gnajnutid fititepmok gnay sms nad firat irebmem nagned ,rotitepmok naggnalep atpicret nakparahid akam ,sugab nad tauk gnay nagniraj nagned
.itapmis utrak nakanuggnem aites gnay
.5 enem hisam naitilenep lisaH gnay ITAPmis utrak anuggnep alup nakum tafisreb rehctiws nakitahrepmem surah aguj nemejanam kahip aynkiabeS .
hibel surah naahasurep kahip awhab naitra malad ,tubesret epit naggnalep gniasreb gnay sms nupuam nopelet firat nairebmep lah malad netsisnok
gned gnilap gnay halakerem awhab nakataynem gnay nial redivorp na gnay sms nupuam nopelet firat netsisnok araces nairebmeP .harum
.naggnalep satilayol naktakgninem tapad naka nakparahid gniasreb
.6 kococ ,saul aynnauakgnaj gnay utrak iagabes lanekid halet ITAPmiS kutnu kococ utnet muleb ipatet isakinumokreb malad iakaid kutnu ,retupmok takgnarep nakanuggnem nagned tenretni naiakamep nakanugid nad noplenem kutnu ralules utrak halada ITAPmis isnetepmok aggnihes
.nupanam irad nad nupanamid ,sms
.7 s utrak iagabes ITAPmiS gnay anuggnep ikilimem utnet ,amatrep ralule kutnu aggnihes ,ITAPmis utrak iakamem nad lanegnem amal halet nakanugid hanrep gnay utrak nakparah id amal anuggnep nakilabmegnem aynasaib gnay pihc utrak itkub nagned igal nakpudihid tubesret anuggnep
pid hisam .akerem helo gnage
.8 laminim iakapid hadus gnay utrak nakparah id layol patet anuggnep ragA ,itam naka kadit nanimaj tapadnem halet tubesret romon akam nalub mane
.rehcuov isiid kadit nupualaw
.9 ,sataek nalub mane anuggnep laminim anuggnep padahret isaiserpAa asib ini ,SMS iulalem nuhat gnalu tamales napacu kutneb malad isaiserp
nad anadrep utrak naiakamep paites anerak nakukalid hadum nagned surah ralules utrak anuggnep paites akam hatniremep narutarep iauses
ukalem nagned ,anuggnep pakgnel liforp isartsigerem akam ini lah nak kereM nad naahasureP helo nakitahrepid tagnas asarem naka nemusnok naka aggnihes aigahab nad namayn asar irebmem naka ,iridnes uti
.aynagraulek uata naker ,tawajes adapek nakuhatirebmem
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.01 aynkiabes utrak akam urab anuggnep tuberem tapad ragA nakraulek id nakigabid utrak ,AMS urab awsis nad iwsis igab susuhk anadrep utrak
gnisam halokes id ratfadnem akerem akitek - opmet malad alib nad ,gnisam aslup sunob irebid naka akam nahatreb hisam tubesret romon nuhat agit
reb gnay awsis nad iwsis igab nad amales naiakamep nagned akam isatserp uata utas amales awsis aeb haidah irebid naka halokes amales nuhat agit
.nuhat aud
