Statistika Sosial, Teori dan Terapan. (Penulis: Dr. Taufiq Ramdani, M.Sos)

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  • 7/23/2019 Statistika Sosial, Teori dan Terapan. (Penulis: Dr. Taufiq Ramdani, M.Sos)

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    Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T t ,M tgh Cfkwe}ft Ienw T tife mfh Ienw _ ei}ikWhisgrti}ft D rm`sf Ihm`hgtif)

    T]F]IT]IKF T@TIFE,Ngnflfni Mftfr.Mftfr mfh Fpeikfti T}f}it}ikf T`tife)

    _ghweit1Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T`t

    YFYFTFH _GHMIMIKFH NFMFHI TWNBFZF

    FEFT.TWNBFZF2?62

    !Mi}weit wh}wk Kfefhjfh ]grbf}ft; Whisgrti}ft D`rm`sf Ihm`hgtif% _gngrih}fl Kfbwpf}gh Twnbfzf Bfrf}% Yfyftfh _ghmimikfh Nfmfhi Twnbfzf%

    679

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    Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T t ,M tgh Cfkwe}ft Ienw T tife mfh Ienw _ ei}ikWhisgrti}ft D rm`sf Ihm`hgtif)

    BFB I_GHMFLWEWFH

    F( _ghjgr}ifh T}f}it}ikf T`tife_ghjgr}ifh t}f}it}ik mfpf} mi bfji nghafmi mwf% yfi}w pghjgr}ifh t}f}it}ik

    mfefn fr}i tgnpi} mfh mfefn fr}i ewft( _ghjgr}ifh mfefn fr}i tgnpi}1 nitfehyf t}f}it}ik pghmwmwk yfhj lfhyfnghyfaikfh bgrwpf jfnbfrfh fhjkf mfefn bgh}wk }fbge.}fbge mfh mfc}fr f}fwmifjrfn nghjghfi kgfmffh pghmwmwk(

    _ghjgr}ifh mfefn fr}i ewft1 mfefn pghjgr}ifh ihi tgrihj mijwhfkfh it}ieflt}f}it}ikf% yfi}w twf}w ienw yfhj mifzfei mfri pghjwnpwefh mf}f% pghj`eflfh%fhfeitit% pghfrikfh kgtinpwefh% tgr}f pghjfnbiefh kgpw}wtfh bgrmftfrkfhfhfeitit yfhj miefkwkfh mfri mf}f }grtgbw}(

    B( _ghjgr}ifh Mf}f% Mf}wn mfh Mf}f.mf}fMf}f fmfefl tgewrwl whi} pghjfnf}fh( Nfktwmhyf fmfefl twf}w

    kg}grfhjfh yfhj bgrlftie ki}f df}f} bfik bgrwpf mf}f kwfh}i}f}ic nfwpwh mf}fkwfei}f}ic( Mf}f ngrwpfkfh bgh}wk afnfk mfri mf}wn(

    D( Mf}f Nghwrw} Twnbgrhyf ,Ih}grhfe.Gkt}grhfe ) Mf}f ih}grhfe1 fmfefl mf}f yfhj mikwnpwekfh `egl twf}w bfmfh f}fw egnbfjf

    jwhf kgpgh}ihjfh bfmfh f}fw egnbfjf i}w pwef( Mf}f gkt}grhfe1 fmfefl mf}f yfhj mipgr`egl mfri ewfr bfmfh yfhj

    ngngrewkfhhyf(

    M( Mf}f Nghwrw} Aghithyf ,Kwfh}i}f}ic.Kwfei}f}ic)

    Mf}f kwfh}i}f}ic1 fmfefl twf}w mf}f yfhj mihyf}fkfh mghjfh nghjjwhfkfhtf}wfh fhjkf( Mf}f kwfei}f}ic1 fmfefl mf}f yfhj }imfk mihyf}fkfh mfefn tf}wfh fhjkf%ngefihkfh yfhj mihyf}fkfh mfefn bgh}wk pghyf}ffh% kfeinf}% f}fw mfefnbgh}wk kf}gj`ri tgtwfi mghjfh ticf} mfri mf}f }grtgbw}(

    G( Mf}f Nghwrw} Zfk}w , Tiefhj mfh Bgrkfef ) Mf}f tiefhj1 fmfefl mf}f yfhj mikwnpwekfh pfmf zfk}w }gr}gh}w( Mf}f bgrkfef1 fmfefl mf}f yfhj mikwnpwekfh mfri zfk}w kg zfk}w(

    C( Mf}f Nghwrw} Dfrf _gr`eglfh ,_ringr mfh Tgkwhmgr) Mf}f pringr1 fmfefl mf}f yfhj mipgr`egl efhjtwhj mfri rgtp`hmgh( Mf}f tgkwhmgr1 fmfefl mf}f yfhj mifnbie mfri twnbgr pringr yfhj }gefl mi`eflwh}wk }wawfh.}wawfh efih(

    J( Sfrifbge Mfh Tkfef _ghjwkwrfhSfrifbge1 fmfefl twf}w kg}grfhjfh yfhj ngnbgmfkfh fr}i fh}frf tf}w

    mghjfh efihhyf( Nitfehyf% fh}frf nfhwtif mfh lgzfh% efki.efki mfh pgrgnpwfh%`rfhj mgzftf mfh fhfk.fhfk% mee(

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    Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T t ,M tgh Cfkwe}ft Ienw T tife mfh Ienw _ ei}ikWhisgrti}ft D rm`sf Ihm`hgtif)

    L( _`pwefti Mfh Tfnpge _`pwefti fmfefl kgtgewrwlfh mfri `bygk pghgei}ifh% bfik bgrwpf kfrfk}grit}ik hiefi.hiefi% awnefl nfwpwh aghithyf(

    Tfnpge fmfefl bfjifh mfri p`pwefti yfhj mifnbie tgdfrf rgcgrtgh}f}ic(

    I( _ghjwnpwefh Mf}fBgbgrfpf dfrf yfhj mfpf} mi}gnpwl mfefn wpfyf pghjwnpwefh mf}f1

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    II

    ]GKHIK _GHYFAIFH MF]F

    Mf}f yfhj mipgr`egl% bfik mfri p`pwefti nfwpwh tfnpge% wh}wk kgpgrewfhpgefp`rfh f}fw fhfeitit tgefhaw}hyf pgrew mif}wr% mitwtwh mfh f}fw mitfaikfh mfefnbgh}wk yfhj egbil ageft mfh egbil bfik(

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    2(6]GKHIK NGNBWF] TGBFRFH CRGKZGHTI

    Mf}f lgp`}g}ik ,mf}f tgnbfrfhj) bgrawnefl 6?? `rfhj Kfimfl t}wrjgt 1 kfrghf mf}f bgrawnefl 6?? mfh kwrfhj mfri 27?% nfkf awnefl

    kgeft fmfefl 9( ]g}fpkfh Ih}grsfe / rfhjg1

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    Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T t ,M tgh Cfkwe}ft Ienw T tife mfh Ienw _ ei}ikWhisgrti}ft D rm`sf Ihm`hgtif)

    43%=9

    7%26

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    Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T t ,M tgh Cfkwe}ft Ienw T tife mfh Ienw _ ei}ikWhisgrti}ft D rm`sf Ihm`hgtif)

    9 72%9 3?%< 66Awnefl 6??

    Kfimfl T}wrjgt% mf}f kwrfhj mfri 27? > 9 kgeft

    Rfhjg1 43%=9

    7%62

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    Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T t ,M tgh Cfkwe}ft Ienw T tife mfh Ienw _ ei}ikWhisgrti}ft D rm`sf Ihm`hgtif)

    93:%=?6??

    :7%=?93( ci |i ci

    \

    ]fbge 3( Tgbfrfh Crgkzghti Wh}wk Nghdfri Kgrfjfnfh

    H` Kgeft Crgkzghti,c)

    \ i .\ ,\ i .\) 2

    6 26%7 27%3 9 .6:%=6: 4?4%4762 27%: 46%: 6? .62%23: 67?%=:94 46%< 44%3 < .

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    Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T t ,M tgh Cfkwe}ft Ienw T tife mfh Ienw _ ei}ikWhisgrti}ft D rm`sf Ihm`hgtif)

    = Mirgk}wr 6 . . . . . . 6 6 7 =7 66< 77 22 < 277

    _gnbwf}fh Mifjrfn Bf}fhj

    _gnbwf}fh mifjrfn bf}fhj f}fw lit}`jrfn fmfefl bfjfinfhf nghyfaikfh mf}fkg mfefn jrfcik yfhj mitwtwh mfefn bgh}wk bf}fhj( Lit}`jrfn fmfefl tgaghit }fbgebf}fhj }whjjfe% lfhyf tfaf mfefn lfe ihi pfmf ih}grsfe l`riq`h}fehyf ngnpwhyfi fr}ipgh}ihj(

    ]fbge 9( Mit}ribwti Crgkzghti _ghgrinffh _ghawfe Nfmw mi Kfbwpf}gh Twnbfzf

    H` _ghgrinffh ,Ribw Rp) Awnefl _gefhjjfh

    6 4 . :%

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    Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T t ,M tgh Cfkwe}ft Ienw T tife mfh Ienw _ ei}ikWhisgrti}ft D rm`sf Ihm`hgtif)

    _`eij`h ngrwpfkfh jfnbfrfh yfhj nghageftkfh mit}ribwti crgkwghti yfhjmihyf}fkfh mghjfh jfrit ewrwt yfhj nghjlwbwhjkfh }i}ik.}i}ik yfhj eg}fkhyf tgtwfimghjfh wawhj kgeft mfh crgkwghti }ifp.}ifp kgeft(

    ]fbge 66( _`eij`h _ghmfpf}fh _ghjwtflf Kgrfaihfh Bf}ik E`z`kzfrw Nfefhj

    79

    64 67 63

    2744

    =7

    77

    ?

    6?

    2?

    4?

    =?

    7?

    3?

    6 2 4 = 7 3 : < 9

    Tgrigt6

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    tinb`e f}fw efnbfhj.efnbfhj(

    ]fbge 62( Mifjrfn EfnbfhjMgtf Awnefl

    IIIIIIISS

    62??

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    Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T t ,M tgh Cfkwe}ft Ienw T tife mfh Ienw _ ei}ikWhisgrti}ft D rm`sf Ihm`hgtif)

    Mifjrfn _ft}ge

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    4? '

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    =

    2? '

    7

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    Kg}grfhjfh1

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    nghjjwhfkfh pg}f wh}wk nghjjfnbfrkfh twf}w mf}f }gr}gh}w(

    Jfnbfr mi f}ft nghwhawkkfh e`kfti.e`kfti pghmirifh Nftaim Fjwhj mi pwefw Twnbfzf

    Mifjrfn _ghdfr

    Mifjrfn pghdfr f}fw biftf mitgbw} mghjfh tdf}gr mifjrfn % yfi}w bgh}wk pghhyfaifh mf}f yfhj nghjlwbwhjkfh fh}frf }i}ik.}i}ik k`nbihfti pfrifbge \ mfh Y(Mifjrfn pghdfr ihi tfhjf} pgh}ihj wh}wk nghjfhfeitit fmf }imfkhyf lwbwhjfh f}fwpghjfrwl fh}frf sfrifbge }grtgbw} mfefn fhfeitit t}f}it}ikf(

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    Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T t ,M tgh Cfkwe}ft Ienw T tife mfh Ienw _ ei}ikWhisgrti}ft D rm`sf Ihm`hgtif)

    ?

    7

    6?67

    2?

    27

    4?

    47

    ? 2 = 3

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    Deftticidf}i`h)

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    Tgbfjfi d`h}`l% mi tihi ihjih mikg}flwi pgrbgmffh pgr`eglfh hiefi nf}f kweiflNf}gnf}ikf mi gnpf} cfkwe}ft mi Brfziafyf yfi}w Cfkwe}ft Lwkwn% Cfkwe}ftKgm`k}grfh% Cfkwe}ft ]gkhik% Cfkwe}ft _gr}fhifh(

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    Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T t ,M tgh Cfkwe}ft Ienw T tife mfh Ienw _ ei}ikWhisgrti}ft D rm`sf Ihm`hgtif)

    F( ]fbge 6=( Mf}wnH` _ghdfpfifh Hiefi Nf}gnf}ikf

    F/Lwkwn B/Kgm`k}grfh D/]gkhik M/_gr}fhifh6

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    Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T t ,M tgh Cfkwe}ft Ienw T tife mfh Ienw _ ei}ikWhisgrti}ft D rm`sf Ihm`hgtif)

    T(Kgrf.Jfnfh

    Mb AK K] Cli} C(]fbge7' 6'

    _ghdf._fifh

    K.6>4 AK_>6?9%?9

    K]_>43%43

    ?%?? 2%97 =%7

    Titf 2< AKT>=46?=:6749=7%3=

    ]`}fe 46 AK]>=46?7

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    Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T t ,M tgh Cfkwe}ft Ienw T tife mfh Ienw _ ei}ikWhisgrti}ft D rm`sf Ihm`hgtif)

    ]fbge Fhfeitit Kgrfjfnfh

    ]fbge 63(]fbge Fhfeitit kgrfjfnfhH` Mb AK K] Cli} C}fbge

    7' 6'

    6 =.6>4 Akkgd>6%=4 ?%=: 2%24 2%:7 =%6?2 =.6>4 Akpr`>2%77 ?%37 Akjfef}>64%37 ?%26

    :2.6>:6 6:%33

    H>:2AK>637

    CK> 4=%6=::2

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    =4%64=%6=:67

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    K]pr`cgti > 26%?37

    37%64

    @egl kfrghf Cli}whj kgdfnf}fh egbil kgdie mfri C}fbge% nfkf pfmf = kgdfnf}fh}imfk nghwhawkfh fmfhyf pgrbgmffh pfmf }ihjkf} kg}gr}frikfh pfmf hfrk`bf% tgmfhjkfhCli}whj pr`cgti egbil bgrtfr mfri C}fbge% nfkf mfpf} mitinpwekfh% bflzf }grmfpf}pgrbgmffh }ihjkf} kg}gr}frikfh pgrlfmfp hfrk`bf mi fhf}frf kg = pr`cgti }grtgbw}tglihjjf mfpf} mitinpwekfh pr`cgti nghgh}wkfh kg}gr}frikfh pfmf hfrk bf(

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    Mr( ]fwciv Rfnmfhi% N(T t ,M tgh Cfkwe}ft Ienw T tife mfh Ienw _ ei}ikWhisgrti}ft D rm`sf Ihm`hgtif)

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    AKI>Tg}ifp ih}grfkti mikwfmrf}kfh mfh mibfji h nftihj nftihj mfh mi}fnbfl nftihj.nftihj% efew mikwrfhji CK.AK6.AK2

    ]ihjkf} Kg}gr}frikf Kgpfmf Hfrk`bf AwneflZfrw Nfh}ihjfh Beinbihj Twnbgrtfri

    Nflf.titzf

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    h>6:

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    h>66:2

    23 2< 27 24 6?4

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    7' 6'

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    6%=