SKRIPSI

Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat

Menempuh Ujian Sidang Sarjana Pendidikan

Program Studi Pendidikan Bisnis

Oleh

Desita Anggra Dewi

1400819

FAKULTAS PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI DAN BISNIS

UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA

2018

PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA SOSIAL

TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. INDORAMA

SYNTHETICS TBK. POLYESTER DIVISION

DI PURWAKARTA

113/UN40.A7.D1/PI/2019

PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA SOSIAL

TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. INDORAMA

SYNTHETICS TBK. POLYESTER DIVISION

DI PURWAKARTA

Oleh:

Desita Anggra Dewi

1400819

Sebuah skripsi yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh

gelar Sarjana pada Fakultas Pendidikan Ekonomi dan Bisnis

©Desita Anggra Dewi

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Juli 2018

Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang.

Skripsi ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhnya atau sebagian, dengan dicetak

ulang, difotokopi, atau cara lainnya tanpa ijin dari penulis

ABSTRAK

Desita Anggra Dewi (1400819), “Pengaruh Kemampuan dan Lingkungan

Kerja Sosial Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Indorama Synthetics Tbk.

Polyester Division di Purwakarta”. Di bawah bimbingan Dr. H. Syamsul Hadi

Senen, MM dan Masharyono AP, S.Pd, MM

Keberhasilan atau kegagalan suatu perusahaan dalam menjalankan aktivitasnya

tidak lepas dari kapasitas karyawan (pekerja) yang melakukan pekerjaan di

perusahaan. Tanpa adanya unsur manusia dalam organisasi, tidak mungkin

organisasi tersebut dapat mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. Organisasi dituntut

untuk selalu dapat menjaga karyawannya agar dapat menampilkan kinerja yang

baik dan memelihara karyawannnya agar dapat mendedikasikan diri kepada

organisasi tempat di mana karyawan bekerja. Baik buruknya kinerja individu

tergantung pada pemahaman dan kemampuan untuk mencapai target sesuai

kebenarannya. Kinerja karyawan dilihat dari segi produktivitas dan output

karyawan yang mempengaruhi serta membantu organisasi agar bekerja secara

efektif dan efisien dalam mencapai tujuannya. Suatu perusahaan tidak akan

berjalan dengan baik apabila kinerja karyawan nya rendah, seperti yang dialami

oleh PT. Indorama Synthetics Tbk. Polyester Division di Purwakarta. Penelitian

ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui gambaran kemampuan kerja karyawan, (2)

mengetahui gambaran lingkungan kerja sosial, (3) mengetahui gambaran kinerja

karyawan, (4) mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan,

(5) mengetahui lingkungan kerja sosial terhadap kinerja karyawan, dan (6)

mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan dan lingkungan kerja sosial terhadap kinerja

karyawan. Objek yang menjadi unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan

PT. Indorama Synthetics Tbk. Polyester Division di Purwakarta. Jenis penelitian

yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan verifikatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah

explanatory survey dengan jumlah sampel 103 responden. Teknik analisa data

yang digunakan adalah regresi berganda dengan alat bantu software komputer

Statistical Product for Service Solutions (SPSS) 24.0 for windows. Hasil temuan

dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gambaran kemampuan kerja karyawan

dalam kategori sangat baik, gambaran lingkungan kerja sosial dalam kategori

sangat kondusif, gambaran kinerja karyawan dalam kategori sangat tinggi,

pengaruh kemampuan terhadap kinerja karyawan dalam kategori kuat, pengaruh

lingkungan kerja sosial terhadap kinerja karyawan dalam kategori sedang,

pengaruh kemampuan dan lingkungan kerja sosial terhadap kinerja karyawan

dalam ketegori kuat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan kemampuan

kerja di perusahaan lebih ditingkatkan lagi dalam aspek pengetahuan dengan

pendidikan dan pelatihan yang cukup. Dalam segi lingkungan kerja sosial di

perusahaan memperbaiki hubungan karyawan dengan atasan. Sehingga

diharapkan kemampuan dan lingkungan kerja sosial perlu diperhatikan lebih

lanjut oleh perusahaan dalam menunjang peningkatan kinerja karyawan.

Kata kunci: Kemampuan, Lingkungan Kerja Sosial, Kinerja Karyawan

ABSTRACT

Desita Anggra Dewi (1400819), “The Influence of Ability and Social Work

Environment on Employees Performance at PT. Indorama Synthetics Tbk.

Polyester Division in Purwakarta”. This study is conducted under the guidance of

Dr. H. Syamsul Hadi Senen, MM and Masharyono AP, S.Pd, MM

The success or failure of a company in carrying out its activities cannot be

separated from the capacity of employees (workers) who work in the company.

Without a human element in the organization, it is unlikely that the organization

can achieve the goals. The organization is required to keep the employees to have

a good performance and maintains their employees to dedicate themselves to the

organization in the workplace. A good individual's performance depends on the

understanding and ability to get the target based on to the truth. Employees'

performance can be seen in their productivity and output that affect and help the

organization to work effectively and efficiently in achieving its goals. As

experienced by PT. Indorama Synthetics Tbk. Polyester Division in Purwakarta, a

company will not run well if its employee's performance is low. This study aims to

(1) find out the description of employee's work ability, (2) find out the picture of

the social work environment, (3) find out the picture of employee's performance,

(4) find out the influence of work's ability to employee performance, (5) find out

the social work environment on employee performance, and (6) find out the effect

of social work ability and environment on employee performance. The Objects of

the study are taken from employees of PT. Indorama Synthetics Tbk. Polyester

Division in Purwakarta. The type of the study is using descriptive and verificative.

Then, the method used is an explanatory survey of 103 respondents. Additionally,

the data analysis technique is using multiple regressions with computer software

tool for Statistical Product for Service Solutions (SPSS) 24.0 for windows. The

findings of the study indicate that the description of employee's work ability is in a

very good category, the picture of social work environment in the category is very

conducive, the picture of employee performance is in a very high category, the

influence ability to employee performance is in a strong category, the influence of

social work environment on employee performance is in a medium category, the

influence of ability and social work environment on employee performance is in a

strong category. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that the

work ability in the company is further enhanced in the knowledge aspect with

adequate education and training. In terms of social work environment in the

company, this can improve employee relationships with superiors. Therefore, it is

expected that the ability and the social work environment need to be considered

further by the company in supporting the improvement of employee performance.

Keywords: Ability, Social Work Environment, Employee Performance

DAFTAR ISI

ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................................................... i

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... ii

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................................ iii

UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ...................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................................xiii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................ xiv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian ................................................................................. 1

1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ........................................................................................ 11

1.3 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................................... 12

1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................ 13

1.5 Kegunaan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 13

BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA, KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN, DAN

HIPOTESIS ................................................................................................................................ 15

2.1 Kajian Pustaka .............................................................................................. 15

2.1.1 Konsep Kemampuan Kerja ................................................................. 15

2.1.1.1 Kemampuan Kerja dalam Fungsi Manajemen

Sumber

Daya Manusia ...................................................................... 15

2.1.2.2 Definisi Kemampuan Kerja .................................................... 16

2.1.2.3 Dimensi Kemampuan Kerja ................................................... 18

2.1.2.4 Model Kemampuan Kerja....................................................... 20

2.1.2.5 Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kemampuan

Kerja ..................................................................................... 21

2.1.2 Konsep Lingkungan Kerja Sosial ....................................................... 22

2.1.2.1 Lingkungan Kerja Sosial dalam Fungsi Manajemen

Sumber Daya Manusia ......................................................... 22

2.1.2.2 Definisi Lingkungan Kerja ..................................................... 23

2.1.2.3 Jenis Lingkungan Kerja ........................................................ 24

2.1.2.4 Definisi Lingkungan Kerja Sosial .......................................... 25

2.1.2.5 Dimensi Lingkungan Kerja Sosial .......................................... 27

2.1.2.4 Model Lingkungan Kerja ..................................................... 29

2.1.2.5 Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Lingkungan

Kerja

Sosial .................................................................................... 31

2.1.3 Konsep Kinerja ................................................................................... 33

2.1.3.1 Kinerja dalam Fungsi Manajemen Sumber Daya

Manusia ................................................................................ 33

2.1.3.2 Definisi Kinerja Karyawan ..................................................... 35

2.1.3.3 Indikator Kinerja .................................................................. 36

2.1.3.4 Model Kinerja ......................................................................... 39

2.1.3.5 Penilaian Kinerja .................................................................... 40

2.1.4 Pengaruh Kemampuan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja ................................. 42

2.1.5 Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Sosial Terhadap Kinerja ....................... 43

2.1.6 Pengaruh Kemampuan Dan Lingkungan Kerja Sosial

Terhadap Kinerja ............................................................................... 44

2.1.7 Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................... 45

2.2 Kerangka Pemikiran ........................................................................................ 49

2.3 Hipotesis ......................................................................................................... 53

BAB III OBJEK DAN METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................. 55

3.1 Objek Penelitian .............................................................................................. 55

3.2 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................... 56

3.2.1 Jenis Penelitian dan Metode yang Digunakan .................................... 56

3.2.2 Operasionalisasi Variabel ................................................................... 56

3.2.3 Jenis dan Sumber Data........................................................................ 64

3.2.4 Populasi dan Sampel ........................................................................... 66

3.2.4.1 Populasi ................................................................................ 66

3.2.4.2 Sampel .................................................................................. 66

3.2.5 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................................. 67

3.2.6 Hasil Pengujian Validitas dan Reliabilitas ......................................... 67

3.2.6.1 Hasil Pengujian Validitas ..................................................... 68

3.2.6.2 Hasil Pengujian Reliabilitas ................................................. 72

3.3 Rancangan Analisis Data ................................................................................. 74

3.3.1 Analisis Data Deskriptif ........................................................................ 75

3.3.2 Analisis Data Verifikatif Regresi Berganda .......................................... 77

3.4 Pengujian Hipotesis .......................................................................................... 82

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ....................................................... 84

4.1 Hasil Penelitian ............................................................................................... 84

4.1.1 Profil Perusahaan ................................................................................ 84

4.1.1.1 Sejarah Perusahaan ................................................................. 84

4.1.1.2 Visi PT. Indorama Synthetics Tbk. Purwakarta ................... 85

4.1.1.3 Nilai-nilai PT. Indorama Synthetics Tbk. Purwakarta............ 86

4.1.2 Karakteristik Responden ..................................................................... 88

4.1.2.1 Karakteristik Responden berdasarkan Jenis

Kelamin ................................................................................ 89

4.1.2.2 Karakteristik Responden berdasarkan Usia .......................... 89

4.1.2.3 Karakteristik Responden berdasarkan Pendidikan

Terakhir ................................................................................ 90

4.1.2.4 Karakteristik Responden berdasarkan Penghasilan

Per

Bulan ..................................................................................... 91

4.1.2.5 Karakteristik Responden berdasarkan Posisi

Jabatan .................................................................................. 92

4.1.2.6 Karakteristik Responden berdasarkan Lama Bekerja ............. 92

4.1.3 Hasil Pengujian Deskriptif .................................................................. 93

4.1.3.1 Tanggapan Responden terhadap Kemampuan Kerja

Karyawan di PT. Indorama Synthetics Tbk.

Polyester Division ................................................................ 93

4.1.3.2 Tanggapan Responden terhadap Lingkungan Kerja

Sosial PT. Indorama Synthetics Tbk. Polyester

Division .............................................................................. 100

4.1.3.3 Tanggapan Responden terhadap Kinerja PT.

Indorama

Synthetics Tbk. Polyester Division ................................... 107

4.1.4 Hasil Pengujian Verifikatif ............................................................... 124

4.1.4.1 Pengujian Hipotesisi Pengaruh Kemampuan dan

Lingkungkan Kerja Sosial Terhadap Kinerja

Karyawan

PT. Indorama Synthetics Tbk. Polyester Division

di

Purwakarta .......................................................................... 124

4.1.4.2 Uji Asumsi Klasik terhadap Model Regresi Linear

Berganda ............................................................................. 124

4.1.4.3 Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda ....................................... 130

4.1.4.4 Analisis Koefesien Determinasi ......................................... 131

4.1.4.5 Pengujian Hipotesis ............................................................ 134

4.2 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ........................................................................ 136

4.2.1 Pembahasan Gambaran Kemampuan ............................................... 136

4.2.2 Pembahasan Gambaran Lingkungan Kerja Sosial ........................... 138

4.2.3 Pembahasan Gambaran Kinerja Karyawan ...................................... 140

4.2.4 Pengaruh Kemampuan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan......................... 141

4.2.5 Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Sosial terhadap Kinerja

Karyawan .......................................................................................... 142

4.2.6 Pengaruh Kemampuan dan Lingkungan Kerja Sosial

terhadap

Kinerja Karyawan ............................................................................. 144

4.2.7 Implikasi Hasil Penelitian ................................................................. 145

4.2.7.1 Temuan Penelitian Bersifat Teoritis ..................................... 145

4.2.7.2 Temuan Penelitian Bersifat Empirik .................................. 148

4.2.7.3 Implikasi Penelitian terhadap Pendidikan

Manajemen

Bisnis .................................................................................. 150

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................................... 152

5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................... 152

5.2 Saran ............................................................................................................. 153

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................................. 157

LAMPIRAN

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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