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Rusia dan Uni Eropa

Kepentingan Rusia terhadap UE :

Rusia ingin bersama UE mengimbangi AS

Pasar Bersama Eropa (integrasi ekonomi global)

Aliansi Rusia+Eropa untuk menciptakan blok baru

Jangka panjang : Integrasi Rusia ke Uni Eropa

Perbaikan hubungan dengan negara2 Uni Eropa

Modernisasi nasional, meningkatkan daya saing ekonomi

Melalui Uni Eropa untuk meningkatkan posisi Rusia di dunia

Identitas peradaban (lebih sebagai bangsa Eropa)

Uni Eropa pasar Gas dan Minyak Rusia (75%, investasi Eropa 40%)

Kemudahan akses perjalanan keluar bagi warga negara Rusia di Kaliningrad.

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Kepentingan Uni Eropa terhadap Rusia :

Pasokan Minyak dan Gas Rusia untuk Eropa

Teknologi antariksa dan persenjataan Rusia

Ladang investasi bagi Eropa (proyek tambang Sakhalin dan Kuril)

Kerjasama keamanan (terkait isu nuklir)

Kapitalis Rusia meningkat, sumber investasi baru bagi Eropa

Persamaan nilai mata uang, tarif dagang masuk Rusia

Kerjasama Rusia dan Uni Eropa :

Penelitian teknologi, energi, nuklir, antariksa pesawat bersama (Rusia +

beberapa negara Uni Eropa)

Proyek energi Eropa

Penciptaan sistem transportasi dan infrastruktur Pembangunan pipa minyak dan gas

Industri automobile, aviation, dan jalur kereta api

Kerjasama dalam keamanan kawasan dan lingkungan hidup

Kerjasama budaya, pendidikan dan pariwisata

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Masalah dan hambatan dalam hubungan Rusia Uni Eropa :

Perdagangan : daya saing produk Rusia kualitas rendah, stimulasi ekport yang

tidak menarik (kredit dan asuransi)

Persaingan yang tinggi antara Rusia dengan produk negara2 Eropa

Permasalahan umum globalisasi

Ketidaksiapan Rusia berintegrasi dengan Uni Eropa (kedaulatan berkurang)

Tidak ditandatanganinya Piagam Energi, yang mengatur pertambangan dan

transit distribusi minyak dan gas. Piagam Energi yang mengizinkan semua negara

produser gas masuk ke Eropa Krisis Eropa menurunkan kepercayaan Rusia akan kesuksesan integrasi

Posisi Rusia meningkat, Eropa menurun

Dialog politik Rusia-Uni Eropa yang terus memanas

Double Standart kepentingan Uni Eropa (dalam masalah HAM pengguna B.Rusia

di negara Baltik, dan masalah Kaliningrad)

Permasalahan wilayah dan warga Kaliningrad di Eropa.

Sebagian anggota Uni Eropa adalah anggota NATO. AS-UE menjadi penghambat

hubungan Rusia-UE.

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Pernyataan Putin

" , ? ,

", - . (Akankah kami masuk ke dalam

NATO, ke Uni Eropa ? Tidak, kami (Rusia) tidak

berminat,kata Putin).

Rusia bisa menjamin keamanannya sendiri,

Rusia dengan EC dalam hal pasar bebasdan proses intergrasi.

Tujuan Utama - bukanlah aliansi, tetapi

- peningkatan taraf hidup penduduk",

Masalah terjadi pada setiap negara,

mungkin Rusia lebih banyak, tetapi

dalam hal ekonomi Rusia maju.

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1954 : The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) was

evoked in the Soviet for an all-European conference.

1969 : The idea was mooted again by the Warsaw Pact

1975 : Helsinki Final Act where Soviet diplomacy played a leading role.

1990 : Charter of Paris for a New Europe. Signed by all CSCE participating States.

After Cold War, OSCE tema utamanya adl.Russian Federation foreign policy.

Fungsi OSCE berubah :

Cold War (a mechanism to interfere in the internal affairs of sovereign states)

to1990 (OSCE in order to strengthen it as a hub for the other security organizations

in the Euro-Atlantic area).

1999 : Russia criticised the perceived failure of the OSCE in Kosovo, and the role

this played in setting the ground for the NATO air campaign.

February 2007 : Putin declared to the 43rd Conference on Security Policy inMunich, What do we see happening today [with the OSCE]? We see this

balance [between the political-military, the economic and the human

dimensions] is clearly destroyed. People are trying to transform the OSCE into a

vulgar instrument designed to promote the foreign policy interests of one or a

group of countries.

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1990s : The primary task of the CSCE forum for dialogue between two

opposing military alliances, to provide early warning, conflict prevention, crisis

management and post-conflict rehabilitation.

Now OSCE unique regional organization, no longer a travelling conference, no

a military alliance nor an economic union, but rather a voluntary association ofstates, united around the aim of building security based on shared values and

common principles.

Wider Trend :

Globalization changes the international relations system.

The struggle of ideas in international (IMF and World Bank as a neo-liberal)

Europes security landscape is undergoing change, NATO and EU is becoming

a global actor.

Tensions and challenge:

CSCE in 1975 : between states in Euro-Atlantic and in Eurasia.

The ten principles to guide inter-state relations at the Helsinki Final Act

tensions (between principles emphasing the sovereignity of states and those

promoting the fundamental rights of peoples).

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The Russian criticism :

OSCE has lost its focus on political-military cooperation, concentrating too

much on issues of democratization and human rights (colour revolutions in

Georgia, Ukraine, and Kyrgyzstan).

OSCE has lost also its geographic balance, focusing almost entirely on thecountries east of Vienna (instrument for Western states).

Andrei Zagorski dan Mark Entin (Director IR MGIMO University) :

The value of OSCE evaporated, Russia started to lose ownership of the OSCE.

Moscow + Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) critics it.

The criticism focused on the imbalances in missions of the OSCE.

June 2009 : Sergey Lavrov (Menlu Rusia) at the opening of the OSCE Annual

Conference that, we differ on the methods of obtaining European unity. It

would have sufficed to consequently institutionalise the OSCE and to turn it into

a full-fledged regional organization in the Euro-Atlantic area under Chapter VIII

of the UN Charter. Unfortunately, our western partners embarked on a different

way that foresaw not only the preservation but, also, the enlargement ofNATO.

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The challenge with which the Russian Federation finds itself confronted is

twofold.

Russia remains a status quo power seeking to resist further political and

geopolitical changes in its immediate neighbourhood (enlargement of

NATO). Russia is seeking ways to integrate with the new European order without

becoming member of either the North Atlantic Alliance or the European

Union.

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