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KELOMPOK I : HORTATORY EXPOSITION

ALVIAN S.P.P.

AULIA RACHMAN

KELOMPOK II :

SERLY YUANTI

GISELA P. Y.

KELOMPOK II :

SERLY YUANTI

GISELA P. Y.

KELOMPOK III : Narrative Text

DEWI SISTY

LINA APRILIA


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A Hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written textthat is intended to explain the listeners or readers thatsomething should or should not happen or be done. Tostrengthen the explanation, the speaker or writer needs

some arguments as the fundamental reasons of the givenidea. In other words, this kind of text can be called asargumentation. Hortatory exposition text can be found inscientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper articles,academic speech or lectures, research report etc. Hortatory

expositions are popular among science, academiccommunity and educated people. The generic structure ofHortatory exposition usually has three components: (1)Thesis, (2) Arguments and (3) Recommendation.


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C. Language Feature of Hortatory Exposition

1. Focusing on the writer

2. Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc

3. Using action verb

4. Using thinking verb

5. Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc

6. Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc7. Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc

8. Using passive voice

9. Using simple present tense


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Corruption

Thesis(Announcement of issue concern)

Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation betweenmoney and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even

in the United States. Its just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shockingwhen one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia.

Argument 1

The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in thecapital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at

all. Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such athing more often. They even bribe the officials.

Argument 2

Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing thecorruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from

getting a bad mentality caused by corruption.


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An analytical exposition is a type of spoken or writtentext that is intended to persuade the listeners or readersthat something is the case. To make the persuasion

stronger, the speaker or writer gives some arguments asthe fundamental reasons why something is the case.This type of text can be found in scientific books,

journals, magazines, newspaper articles, academicspeech or lectures, research report etc. Analytical

expositions are popular among science, academiccommunity and educated people. The generic structureof analytical exposition usually has three components:(1) Thesis, (2) Arguments and (3) Reiteration orconclusion.


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A. Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition

B. Generic Features of Analytical Exposition

1. Thesis : Introduces the topic and shows speaker or writers position;

Outlines of the arguments are presented.2. Arguments : It consists about Point and ElaborationPoint, states the main argumentElaboration, develops and supports each point of argument

3. Conclusion : Reiteration (restatement), restates speaker or writersposition

An analytical exposition focuses on generic human and non humanparticipants.

It uses mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speakerthinks or feels about something. For example: realize, feel etc.

It uses emotive and evaluative wordsIt often needs material processes. It is used to state what happens, e.g.

.has polluted etc.It usually uses Simple Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense.Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of given

arguments: Firstly, secondly , Finally, etc.


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C. Language Features of Analytical Exposition

Using relational process

Using internal conjunction

Using causal conjunction

Using Simple Present Tense


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Corruption and Indonesian Culture

Thesis

Corruption has happened for many years and today it becomes a bad culture inIndonesia for three reasons

Argument 1

Most adult Indonesian or foreigners have known and admitted that corruptionshappen in many places. The daily newspapers, news programs on TV and radiohave reported corruptions are done everywhere, almost in all departments or

public services of this country. Corruptions happen in health, educationdepartments and banks. When we manage to get some documents in publicservice offices, we usually need much money to pay. Manipulations happen

everywhere


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Argument 2

The actions to eliminate corruption are weak. The ever stronger culture seems notto come to an end when the responsible institutions who have to reinforce the

justice today commit corruption. This is the worst. Corruptions happen in police

department, courts where judges, public prosecutors, lawyers make deals to docorruption. All of us also heard in the end of 2004, Probosutejo reported that hehad bribed the Supreme Court, or called Mahkamah Agung which becomes the

highest level where the justice can be obtained. Perhaps you have to try to come tothe local courts and see what happen there. You will see practices of bribery andother kinds of corruption. Therefore, we can say that corruptions becomes our

culture. Do you like it?

Argument 3

The citizens have no goodwill to fight against the corruption. They create thesituations in which people have opportunities to do corruptions. The citizens like

to break the rules because they are not disciplined. For example, in the street whenthey drive a car or ride motorcycle, they do not have the driving license or

necessary documents. Then, they are caught by the local policemen. To avoid moredifficulties, they like to bribe the officer. The officer let them go then. In other

words, the citizens and officers are the same, doing corruption together. If only thepeople were critical, disciplined, and obey the rules, and willing to report any

wrong behaviors, this country will not be number one corrupting country in the

world.


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Reiteration/conclusion:

Conclusion Based on the reasons, we can conclude that corruption is becoming abad culture in Indonesia if it is not ended soon by all of us. It seems that there

must be more severe penalty for the Corruptors. Do we still care about the future of

this country?


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Narrative Text

Definition ofNarrative

Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell storiesor past events and entertain the readers.

Generic Structure ofNarrative

A narrative text consists of the following structure:1. Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and the

place

2. Complication: Describing the rising crises which the participants have to dowith

3. Resolution: Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or worse


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Language Features ofNarrative

Using processes verbs

Using temporal conjunction

Using Simple Past Tense


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The Myth of Malin Kundang

A long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman andher son lived. They were Malin Kundang and her mother. Her mother was a singleparent because Malin Kundang's father had passed away when he was a baby. MalinKundang had to live hard with his mother.Malin Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and strong boy. He usually went to sea to

catch fish. After getting fish he would bring it to his mother, or sold the caught fishin the town.One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing, he saw a merchant's ship which was

being raided by a small band of pirates. He helped the merchant. With his brave andpower, Malin Kundang defeated the pirates. The merchant was so happy andthanked to him. In return the merchant asked Malin Kundang to sail with him. Toget a better life, Malin Kundang agreed. He left his mother alone.

Many years later, Malin Kundang became wealthy. He had a huge ship and washelped by many ship crews loading trading goods. Perfectly he had a beautiful wifetoo. When he was sailing his trading journey, his ship landed on a beach near a smallvillage. The villagers recognized him. The news ran fast in the town; MalinKundang has become rich and now he is here.


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An old woman ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was Malin

Kundangs mother. She wanted to hug him, released her sadness of being lonelyafter so long time. Unfortunately, when the mother came, Malin Kundang whowas in front of his well dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that oldlonely woman. For three times her mother begged Malin Kundang and for threetimes he yelled at her. At last Malin Kundang said to her "Enough, old woman! Ihave never had a mother like you, a dirty and ugly woman!" After that he ordered

his crews to set sail. He would leave the old mother again but in that time she wasfull of both sadness and angriness.

Finally, enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that he would turn into a stone ifhe didn't apologize. Malin Kundang just laughed and really set sail.In the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked andit was too late for Malin Kundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of

his ship. He fell on a small island. It was really too late for him to avoid his curse.Suddenly, he turned into a stone.(Re-written from www.st.rim.or.jp)


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Spoof Text

Definition and Social Function of Spoof

Spoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time withunpredictable and funny ending. Its social function is to entertain and share the

story.

Generic Structure of Spoof

1. Orientation2. Events3. Twist

Language Feature of Spoof

1. Focusing on people, animals or certain things2. Using action verb; ate, ran, etc3. Using adverb of time and place4. Told in chronological order


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LOVING MONEY TOO MUCH

There was a man who liked money very much. He worked all of his life and wantedto save all of his money for his own future. He was a real miser when it came to hismoney. He loved money more than just about anything.Even, just before he died, he said to his wife; "Now listen, when I die, I want you totake all my money and place it in the casket with me. I wanna take my money to theafterlife." So he asked his wife to promise him with all her heart that when he died,she would put all the money in the casket with him.Well, one day, he really died. Then he was stretched out in the casket. The wife was

sitting there in black clothes next to her closest friend. When they finished theceremony, just before the undertakers got ready to close the casket, the wife said"Wait just a minute!"She had a box in her hands. She came over with the box and placed it in the casket.After that the undertakers locked the casket down and rolled it away. Not long afterthat, her friend said, "I hope you were not crazy enough to put all that money in the

casket."The wife turned to her friend and replied; "Yes, because I have promised." Then shecontinued; "I can't lie. I promised him that I was going to put that money in thatcasket with him." Feeling shocked, her friend said; "You mean that you have putevery cent of his money in the casket with him?" Then the wife answered; "Surely Idid. I got it all together, put all the money into my account and I just wrote him a

check."


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Notice on Generic structure of spoof sample

Spoof text is very similar to recount text. Both spoof and recount tell about the pastevent with chronological order. Its purpose is to amuse reader with funny story. Thestory mostly is ended with an unpredictable event.The above spoof sample has generic structure as follow:Orientation:It is the introduction of the story. By giving the orientation, reader will

recognize, for the first time, who involves in the story.The above story talks about awife and his husband who loves money too much even up to his death.Events: Several events are explored in chronological way which able to arrange thestory read nicely.Promising with her money miser husband, Putting the box insidecasket, locking and rolling the casket are the events which build the complete story.Twist:This is the unpredictable event/thing/way which amuse the reader. Readerseven did not predict before that it would be. When reading the above story, for thefirst, readers likely think that the wife would put all the money instead of just acheck

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