Proses Produksi, Nilai Tambah & Produktivitas!

ANALISA DAN PENGUKURAN KERJA Debrina Puspita Andriani

e"Mail':'debrina@ub.ac.id'Blog':'http://debrina.lecture.ub.ac.id/'

Jurusan'Teknik'Industri'Semester'Gasal'2014/2015'

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Productivity+Improvement+

Aktivitas(Produksi(

Sistem(Produksi(

Produktivitas((

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ABAD(–(ABAD(PERUBAHAN'

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PERKEMBANGAN(ATRIBUT(KOMPETENSI'

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AKTIVITAS'&'SISTEM'PRODUKSI'

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AKTIVITAS(PRODUKSI'

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PRODUCTION(SYSTEM'

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Information'Feedback'

PRODUCTION(SYSTEM'

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!  The+production+system+is+the+collection+of+people,+equipment,+and+procedures+organized+to+accomplish+the+manufacturing+operations+of+a+company+(or+other+organization).+

!  Production+system+can+be+divided+into+two+categories+or+levels+:!

PRODUCTION'SYSTEM:'MANUFACTURING(SUPPORT(SYSTEM('

•  terdiri(atas(karyawan(dan(suatu(rangkaian(prosedur/aturan(yang(digunakan(oleh(perusahaan(untuk(meXmanage(produksi,(memecahkan(problem(teknis(dan(logistik(yang(terkait(dengan(material+order,(menjamin(kesesuaian(kualitas,(perancangan(produk,(dan(fungsi(–(fungsi(bisnis(lainnya.(

•  MSS(dalam(sistem(produksi(secara(umum(tidak(memiliki(kontak(langsung(dengan(benda(kerja(yang(sedang(mengalami(proses(produksi.'

'

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PRODUCTION'SYSTEM:'PRODUCTION(FACILITY'

•  terdiri(atas(pabrik,(peralatan(–(peralatan(produksi(yang(ada(didalamnya,(dan(cara(pengorganisasian(peralatan(tersebut.'

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PRODUCTION*SYSTEM*:**a"big"picture!

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PRODUCTION(SYSTEM:(EVALUATING('

PRODUKTIVITAS'

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EFFICIENCY,(EFFECTIVENESS,((AND(PRODUCTIVITY'

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DINAMIKA(PRODUKTIVITAS'

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THE(TRIPLE(P(MODEL'

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PRODUCTIVITY!IMPROVEMENT!

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SIKLUS(MEPI'

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Source:'Sumanth,'David'J'(1985)'

PRODUKTIVITAS,(UNIT(COSTS,((&(DAYA(SAING'

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Kurva'Kenaikan'Produktivitas' Kurva'Penurunan'Biaya'

PRODUCTIVITY(IMPROVEMENT((SCHEME'

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PRODUCTIVITY(IMPROVEMENT(TECHNIQUES'

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PRODUCTIVITY(IMPROVEMENT((TECHNIQUES'

ADVANTAGES( LIMITATIONS(

A.(Partial(Productivity(Measures((PPM)(

1.  Mudah'dipahami'dan'dikalkulasikan'2.  Sebuah'tool'untuk'menunjukkan'dengan'

tepat'peningkatan/'improvement'yang'ada.'

1.  Menyesatkan'jika'digunakan'sebagai'ukuran'tunggal.'

2.  Tidak'memiliki'kemampuan'untuk'menjelaskan'pengaruh'keseluruhan'dari'peningkatan'yang'ada.'

B.(Total(Productivity(Measures((TPM)(

1.  Mudah'dan'lebih'akurat'dalam'merepresentasikan'perusahaan'secara'keseluruhan'

2.  Mempertimbangkan'seluruh'output'dan'input.'

1.  Membutuhkan'sistem'pengumpulan'data'yang'khusus.'

C.(Total(Factor(Productivity(Measures((TFPM)(

1.  Data'yang'diperlukan'mudah'untuk'dikumpulkan.'

2.  Pendekatan'value!added.'

1.  Tidak'mempertimbangkan'input'material'dan'input'energi.'

2.  Manager'operasional'kesulitan'menghubungkan'value!added!output'terhadap'efisiensi'produksi.'

PRODUCTIVITY(IMPROVEMENT(STRATEGY'

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FaktorXfaktor(yang(mempengaruhi(usaha(peningkatan(produktivitas:(

!  TEKNOLOGI(:((penggunaan'Hardware'[mesin'&'fasilitas'produksi]'dan'Software'[metode'kerja'yang'lebih'sistematis,'sederhana,'logis'dan'efisien].''Pengembangan'konsep'“Scientific!Management”![F.W.!Taylor].!

!  MANUSIA/TENAGA(KERJA([brainware,+human+system+approach](:((pengaruh'terhadap'usaha'yang'dilakukan'manusia'dalam'menyelesaikan'pekerjaannya.'Meliputi'ability'(knowledge,'skill)'dan'motivasi,'attitude,'dsb.''Pengembangan'pemikiran'tentang'perilaku'manusia'dalam'aktivitas'kerja'[Frank'&'Lillian'Gilbreth].'

PRODUCTIVITY(IMPROVEMENT(STRATEGY'

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PRODUCTIVITY(IMPROVEMENT((TOOLS'

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Japanese(Techniques:(!  5S(! QCC(!  Lean(production/(TPS(!  Six(sigma(!  etc.'

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“Productivity'is'never'an'accident.''It'is'always'the'result'of'a'commitment'to'

excellence,'intelligent'planning,''and'focused'effort.”'

'- Paul J. Meyer -