PRINSIP BELAJAR Belajar merupakan bagian dari perkembangan Belajar berlangsung seumur hidup Keberhasilan belajar dipengaruhi oleh faktor bawaan,

lingkungan, kematangan, serta usaha daru setiap individu sendiri

Belajar mencakup semua aspek kehidupan Kegiatan belajar berlangsung pada setiap tempat dan waktu Belajar berlangsung dengan guru atau tanpa guru Dalam belajar dibutuhkan motivasi Perbuatan belajar bervariasi dari mulai yang sederhana sampai

yang komplek Dalam belajar terjadi adanya hambatan-hambatan Kegiatan belajar diperlukan bantuan atau bimbingan dari orang

lain

EMPAT PILAR BELAJAR

1. Belajar mengetahui (learning to know)2. Belajar berkarya (learning to do)3. Belajar hidup bersama (Learning to live

together)4. Belajar berkembang utuh (Learning to be)

THE MANY ROLES OF A TEACHER

The Teacher as an Instructional expert The Teacher as Motivator The Teacher as Manager The Teacher as Leader The Teacher as Counselor The Teacher as Environmental Engineer

Five varieties of learning(Gagne & Briggs)

Learned Capability Performance

Verbal information Stating information

Attitudes Choosing to behave in particular way

Intelectual Skills Using concepts and rules to solve problems; responding to classes of stimuli as distinct from recalling specific examples

Motor skills Executing bodily movements smoothly and in proper sequence

Cognitive strategy Originating novel solutions to problems; utilizing various means for controlling one’s thinking/learning provcessis

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT(Piaget)

STAGE APPROXIMATE AGE

CHARACTERISTICS

Sensorimotor 0 – 2 years Begin to make use of imitation, memory, and thought. Begins to recognize that objects do not cease to exit when they are hidden. Move from reflex actions to goals-directed activity

Preoperasional 2 – 7 years Gradual language development and ability to think in symbolic form. Able to think operations through logically in one direction. Has difficulties seeing another person’s point of view

Concrete operational

7 – 11 years Able to solve concrete (hands-on) problems in logical fashion. Understands laws of conservation and is able to classify and seriate

Formal operational

11 – 15 years Able to solve abstract problems in logical fashion. Thinking become more scientific. Develops concerns about social issues,identify