PBMT 7: Umbi-umbian dan Limbahnya

Anuraga Jayanegara

1. Butir-butiran (cereal grains) dan limbahnya

2. Umbi-umbian (tubers) dan limbahnya

3. Limbah industri perkebunan

4. Limbah pertanian

5. Hijauan: rumput-rumputan (Graminae) dan kacang-kacangan

(Leguminosae)

Klasifikasi pakan nabatiKlasifikasi pakan nabati

Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology

Umbi-umbian dan limbahnyaUmbi-umbian dan limbahnya

1. Ubi kayu

2. Onggok

3. Daun ubi kayu

4. Ubi jalar

5. Jerami ubi jalar

Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology

- Tubers: various types of modified plant structures that are enlarged

to store nutrients --> used by plants to survive the dry months or

winter season and provide energy and nutrients for regrowth during

the next growing season

- Divided into: (1) stem tubers, (2) root tubers

- Stem tubers: potato (Solanum tuberosum)

- Root tubers: cassava (Manihot esculenta), ubi jalar/sweet potato

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- Root tubers: cassava (Manihot esculenta), ubi jalar/sweet potato

(Ipomoea batatas)

- Umumnya mengandung energi tinggi tapi proteinnya rendah

- Merupakan sumber energi utama di banyak negara berkembang

1. Singkong (Manihot esculenta)1. Singkong (Manihot esculenta)

- Di Indonesia singkong merupakan

makanan pokok urutan ke-3 setelah

beras dan jagung

- Tinggi kandungan pati (BETN ca 83%)

- Kandungan protein sangat rendah

- Defisien asam amino bersulfur

- Mengandung racun asam sianida

(HCN) dalam bentuk glikosida

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(HCN) dalam bentuk glikosida

sianogenik

- Penggunaan: unggas 5-10%, babi 40-

70%, ruminan 40-90%

- Glycosides: contain substances linked by an ether bond (-o-) with a

carbohydrate fraction --> non-carbohydrate fraction is called an

aglycone

- Cyanogenic glycosides: contain cyanide as part of the aglycone

- Plants containing glycosides also contain enzymes to hydrolyze them,

but in different compartments of the plant cell --> cyanide is not

released until the plant cells are disrupted

- Processing may reduce its cyanide content

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- Processing may reduce its cyanide content

- When the roots are chopped, pulped or mashed, the cell structure is

macerated and the glycoside and enzymes come together, releasing

cyanide

Cyanogenic glycosides -----> aglycone + carbohydrate

Aglycone -----> HCN + nontoxic compounds

Plant enzymes

Plant enzymes

Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology

- HCN ionic form is cyanide (CN-)

- Cyanide is volatile --> when the cassava roots are pulped and sun

dried, free cyanide is formed, much of which is then volatilized into the

air

- Extraction of the pulped root with water will also wash out much of the

cyanide

- Small amounts of residual cyanide may remain after processing -->

methionine and vitamin B12 function in the detoxification and excretion

Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology

methionine and vitamin B12 function in the detoxification and excretion

of cyanide --> the requirements for these nutrients are elevated with

cassava-based diets

2. Onggok2. Onggok

- Merupakan limbah pabrik tapioka

- Angka konversi ubi kayu menjadi

onggok berkisar antara 60-65%

- Kadar HCN lebih rendah vs singkong

- Penggunaan: unggas <5%, babi 25-

30%, ruminan 40%

Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology

3. Daun singkong (ubi kayu)3. Daun singkong (ubi kayu)

- Dari tanaman singkong, 10-40% terdiri

dari daun

- Tinggi protein dengan kualitas yang

baik (75% protein murni)

- Defisien asam amino esensial

mengandung sulfur, i.e. metionin dan

sistin

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sistin

- Mengandung HCN: pada daun muda

427-542 mg/kg, daun tua 343-379

mg/kg

4. Ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas)4. Ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas)

- Banyak varietasnya

- Merupakan sumber energi

- Ubi jalar yang berwarna kuning

mengandung provitamin A dan

karotenoid yang cukup

- Asam amino pembatas: leucine

- Kandungan protein rendah

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- Kandungan protein rendah

- Dapat menggantikan jagung 50% di

ransum ruminansia

- Mengandung tripsin inhibitor

- Left over: jerami ubi jalar

Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology

Soal tantangan:

Seorang peternak mempunyai bahan pakan berupa gaplek, daun

singkong dan jerami padi. Adapun kandungan protein kasar dan energi

(dalam TDN) masing-masing bahan adalah sebagai berikut:

PK (%) TDN (%)

Gaplek 3 79

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Gaplek 3 79

Daun singkong 24 72

Jerami padi 4 52

Peternak tersebut ingin membuat ransum dengan kandungan PK = 15%

dan TDN = 68%. Berapakah proporsi masing-masing bahan tersebut

agar komposisi ransumnya sesuai dengan yang diinginkan?

Jawaban

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!

“Sukses atau tidaknya seseorang selama

Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology

“Sukses atau tidaknya seseorang selama

hidup dilihat dari akhir hayatnya“

Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology