PERTANGGIJNG JAWABAN NAHKODA KAPAL …repository.um-palembang.ac.id/id/eprint/807/1/SKRIPSI627...4....
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PERTANGGIJNG JAWABAN NAHKODA KAPAL MOTOR YANG MENGALAMI KECELAKAAN DI PERAIRAN MUSI PALEMBANG SKRIPSI Diajukan Guna Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Saijana Hokum Program Studi Dmu Hukum Oleh: OTON JUNISTYAWAN NIM : 502012306 ) UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG FAKULTAS HUKUM 2016
Transcript of PERTANGGIJNG JAWABAN NAHKODA KAPAL …repository.um-palembang.ac.id/id/eprint/807/1/SKRIPSI627...4....
P E R T A N G G I J N G JAWABAN N A H K O D A K A P A L M O T O R
Y A N G M E N G A L A M I K E C E L A K A A N D I P E R A I R A N M U S I
P A L E M B A N G
SKRIPSI
Diajukan Guna Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat
Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Saijana Hokum
Program Studi Dmu Hukum
Oleh:
OTON JUNISTYAWAN
NIM : 502012306
)
U N I V E R S I T A S M U H A M M A D I Y A H P A L E M B A N G
F A K U L T A S H U K U M
2016
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG FAKULTAS HUKUM
PERSETUJUAN DAN PENGESAHAN
Judul Skripsi : PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN NAKODA K A P A L MOTOR YANG MENGALAMI K E C E L A K A A N DI PERAIRAN MUSI PALEMBANG
Nama : Oton Juni Styawan Nim : 50 2012 306 Program Studi : Ilmu Hukum Program Kekfaususan : Hukum Pidana
Pembimbing,
LiulMaknun,SH,,MH. ^ ^ ^ ^
Palembang,
PERSETUJUAN O L E H T I M PENGUJI:
Ketua : Khalisah Hayatuddin, SH. M.Hum.
AnggoU : 1. ZMlfikri Nawawi, SH^ MH.
2. Hendri S, SH., MJIum
2016
DISAHKAN O L E H DEKAN FAKULTAS HUKUM
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIY^
pJt jnW^Rl SlIAJ^Smn, SH, M.Hum V VBM/NID1^1348/0006046009
PENDAFTARAN UJIAN SKRIPSi
P e n d a f t a r a n S k r i p s i S a r j a n a F a k u l t a s H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g S t r a t a I B a g i :
NAMA NIM PROGRAM STUDI PROGRAM KEKHUSUSAN JUDUL SKRIPSI
OTON JUNI STYAWAN 502012306 I L M U HUKUM HUKUM PIDANA PERTANGGUNG
KAPAL MOTOR
JAWABAN NAHKODA
YANG MENGALAMI
K E C E L A K A A N DI PERAIRAN MUSI
PALEMBANG D e n g a n d i t e r i m a n y a s k n p s i i n i , s e s u d a h l u l u s d a r i u j i a n k o p r e h e n s i f , p e n u l i s b e r h a k m e m a k a i g e l a r :
II
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN
S a y a y a n g b e r t a n d a t a n g a n d i b a w a h i n i :
N a m a O t o n j u n i s t y a w a n
N I M 5 0 2 0 1 2 3 0 6
P r o g r a m S t u d i
P r o g r a m K e k h u s u s a n
J u d u l P E R T A N G G U N G J A W A B A N N A H K O D A
K A P A L M O T O R Y A N G M E N G A L A M I
K E C E L A K A A N D I P E R A B ^ M U S I
P A L E M B A N G
I l m u H u k u m
H u k u m P i d a n a
M e n y a t a k a n d e n g a n s e b e n a m y a b a h w a p e n u l i s a n S k r i p s i i n i b e r d a s a r k a n h a s i l
s a y a a k a n m e n c a n t u m k a n s u m b e r y a n g j e l a s .
D e m i k i a n p e m y a t a a n i n i s a y a b u a t d e n g a n s e s u n g g u h n y a d a n a p a b i l a d i k e m u d i a n h a r i
t e r d a p a t p e n y i m p a n g a n d a n k e t i d a k b e n a r a n d a l a m p e m y a t a a n i n i , m a k a s a y a b e r s e d i a
m e n e r i m a s a n k s i a k a d e m i k b e r u p a p e n c a b u t a n g e l a r y a n g t e l a h d i p e r o l e h k a r e n a k a r y a t u l i s
i n i d a n s a n k s i l a i n s e s u a i d e n g a n p e r a t u r a n y a n g b e r l a k u d i U n i v e r s i t a s M u l i a m m a d i y a h
P a l e m b a n g F a k u l t a s H u k u m .
D e m i k i a n p e m y a t a a n i n i s a y a b u a t d a l a m k e a d a a n s a d a r t a n p a p a k s a a n d a r i p i h a k
m a n a p u n .
, p e n i i k i r a n d a n p c m a p a r a n a s l t d a r i s a y a s e n d i r i , J i k a t e r d a p .
P a l e m b a n g , A g u s t u s 2 0 1 6
Y a n g m c m b u a t p e m y a t a a n .
O T O N J U N I S T Y A W A N N T M : 5 0 2 0 1 2 3 0 6
i v
AfOTTO;
"Sesunggufinya ^AOah M e n y u k a i Orang yang Berperang VijaCannya VaCam B a r i s a n yang T e r a t u r Seakan-Xkan M e r e k a Seperti Suatu B a n g u n a n yang lersusun Xokoh",
Q u r a n s u r r a f i as-saf
XupersemSakkan skripsi ini B u a t :
^ XecCua orang tuaku ^ JAyundaku d a n JAdik-adtkku • Tara sahaBat dtdngkungan
kampus a n g k a t a n 2012 m a u p u n dxCuar Ctngkungan kampus
• XCmamaXerku '
iv
ABSTRAK
"Pertanggung Jawaban Pidana Pengemudi Kapal Motor Yang Mengalami Kecelakaan Di Perairan Musi Palembang"
O T O N J U N I S T Y A W A N
P e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b a n a d a l a h s e o r a n g y a n g b e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b u n t u k k e g i a t a n d a n h a s i l n y a P e n g e m u d i K a p a l a d a l a h s e o r a n g p e m i m p i n k a p a l . I s t i l a h k a p t e n p u l a d i g u n a k a n b a g i s e o r a n g n a k h o d a y a n g p e m a h m e n g a w a l s e b u a h k a p a l . M e n u r u t K a m u s B e s a r B a h a s a I n d o n e s i a , N a k h o d a a d a l a h p e r w i r a l a u t y g m e m e g a n g k o m a n d o t e r t i n g g i d i a t a s k a p a l n i a g a / kaptsn k a p a l . M e n u r u t UnHana-I InHano Momnr 1 7 T a h i m 300R Tpntang Pplayaran Nakhnda a d a l a h s a l a h s e o r a n g d a r i a w a k k a p a l y a n g m e n j a d i p e m i m p i n t e r t i n g g i d i k a p a l d a n m e m p u n y a i w e w e n a n g d a n t a n g g u n g j a w a b t e r t e n t u s e s u a i d e n g a n k e t e n t u a n p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n .
P e n e l i t i a n i n i d i l a k u k a n u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i P e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i l a u t a d a l a h s u a t u p r o s e s k e g i a t a n p e n a n g k a p a n d a n p e n y i d i k a n s u a t u k a s u s y a n g t i m b u l s e b a g a i a k i b a t t e i j a d i n y a p e l a n g g a r a n d i l a u t a t a s k e t e n t u a n h u k u m y a n g b e r l a k u b a i k k e t e n t u a n h u k u m i n t e m a s i o n a l m a u p u n n a s i o n a l , D e n g a n d e m i k i a n s e p a n j a n g i n t e n s i t a s a n c a m a n d i a n g g a p m e n g g a n g g u t e r t i b d a n k e p e n t i n g a n h u k u m .
D a r i h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n d a n p e m b a h a s a n d a p a t d i s i m p u l k a n b a h w a p e l a k s a n a a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i l a u t / m a r i t i m e t e r k a i t d e n g a n t i n d a k p i d a n a p e l a y a r a n d i p e r a i r a n S u m a t e r a S e l a t a n d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n t a h a p p e n y e h d i k a n , p e n y i d i k a n , p e n u n t u t a n d a n p e m e r i k s a a n d i s i d a n g p e n g a d i l a n . t e r k a i t d e n g a n t i n d a k p i d a n a p e l a y a r a n y a n g d i a t u r d a l a m U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 1 7 t a h u n 2 0 0 8 t e n t a n g p e l a y a r a n , d i k e n a l d e n g a n p e n y i d i k a n l a n j u t a n a d a l a h p r o s e s h u k u m a t a u t i n d a k a n l a n j u t a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h p e n y i d i k k h u s u s n y a p a d a k e s a t u a n D i t P o l A i r , T N I A L d a n P P N S t e r t e n t u d a r i D i t j e n H u b l a y a i t u S y a h b a n d a r d a n P e n j a g a a n L a u t D a n P a n t a i (Sea And Coast Guard) b e r d a s a r k a n P a s a l 2 8 2 a y a t ( 1 ) U n d a n g -U n d a n g N o m o r 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g p e l a y a r a n k e p a d a o r a n g y a n g d i d u g a k u a t t e l a h m e l a k u k a n t i n d a k p i d a n a p a d a saa t p e m e r i k s a a n / p e n y e l i d i k a n o l e h a w a k k a p a l p a t r o l i n e g a r a u n t u k s e l a n j u t n y a d i s e r a h k a n k e p a d a p e n u n t u t u m u m . D a l a m h a l p e n y i d i k a n t i n d a k p i d a n a d i l a u t / m a r i t i m e t i d a k m e n g e n a i Locus Deiicty k a r e n a a p a b i l a p e n a n g a n a n t i n d a k p i d a n a d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n m e n g a c u p a d a Locus Deiicty, m a k a a k a n t e q a d i k e s u l i t a n d a l a m p r o s e s h u k u m d i t i n g k a t s e l a n j u t n y a ( p e n u n t u t a n d a n p e r a d i l a n ) d a l a m a r t i k a p a l / t e r s a n g k a d a p a t d i b a w a k e p e l a b u h a n a t a u p a n g k a i a n y a n g t e r d e k a t d e n g a n c a r a d i k a w a l a t a u d i Adhock d a n s e l a n j u t n y a p r o s e s p e r k a r a n y a d i l a k s a n a k a n o l e h s a t g a s K a m l a / P o k G a s K a m l a s e t e m p a t .
v i
K A T A P E N G A N T A R
Assalamu'alaikum Wr.Wb
P u j i s y u k u T p e n u l i s u c a p k a n a t a s k e h a d i r a t A l l a h S W T , y a n g t e l a h s e n a n t i a s a
m e l i m p a h k a n r a h m a t d a n k a r u n i a - N y a k e p a d a p e n u l i s , s e r t a s h a l a w a t d a n s a l a m s e m o g a
s e l a l u t e r c u r a h k e p a d a m a n u s i a y a n g p a l i n g m u l i a B a g i n d a R a s u l u l l a h M u h a m m a d
S A W , s e h i n g g a p e n u l i s d a p a t m e n y u s u n d a n m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i y a n g b e r j u d u l
"Pertanggung Jawaban Pidana f engemudi Kapal Motor Yang Mengalami Kecelakaan
Di Perairan Musi Palembang" a d a p u n a r t i p e n t i n g d a r i p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i u n t u k
m e m e n u h i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r k e s a r j a n a a n d i F a k u l t a s H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s
M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .
D a l a m p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i p e n u l i s m e n y a d a r i m a s i h b a n y a k s e k a l i k e k u r a n g a n -
k e k u r a n g a n d a l a m p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i , p e n u l i s d e n g a n t a n g a n t e r b u k a a k a n m e n e r i m a
d e n g a n s e n a n g h a t i k r i t i k a n a t a u p u n s a r a n u n t u k m e n j a d i k a n s k r i p s i i n i b i s a l e b i h b a i k l a g i
d a n l e b i h b e r g u n a b a g i m a s y a r a k a t .
A k h i m y a k e p a d a s e m u a p i h a k y a n g t e l a h m e m b a n t u d a l a m p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i
i n i j n e n g u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h k e p a d a :
1 . B a p a k D r . H . A b i d D j a z u l i , S E . M M . S e l a k u R s k t o r U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h
P a l e m b a n g .
2 . I b u D r . H j . S r i S u a t m i a t i , S H . , M H . s e l a k u D e k a n F a k u l t a s H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s
M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .
3 . I b u d a n B a p a k W D 1 , W D 2 , W D 3 , W D I V F a k u l t a s H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s
M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .
4 . I b u H j . L u i l M a k n u n S H . , M H s e l a k u P e m b i m b i n g d a l a m p e n u l i s a n d a n p e n y u s u n a n
s k r i p s i i n i .
5 . H J . S u s i a n a K i f l i , S H , , M H s e l a k u P e m b i m b i n g A k a d e m i k y a n g t e l a h b a n y a k m e m b e r i
d u k u n g a n d a n b i m b i n g a n s e l a m a m e n j a l a n i p e r k u l i a h a n .
6 . B a p a k d a n I b u D o s e n p e n g a j a r , s e r t a s e l u r u h s t a f k a r y a w a n d a n k a r y a w a t i F a k u l t a s
H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .
v i i
7 . K e d u a o r a n g t u a k u , a y u k - a y u k k u s e r t a K e l u a r g a B e s a r y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n
p e r h a t i a n s e r t a b a n t u a n M o r i l d a n M a t e r i l d a n j u g a d o a y a n g t a k p e m a h b e r h e n t i
u n t u k k u .
8 . S e m u a s a h a b a t - s a h a b a t k u ( M C C T E A M 2 0 1 5 ) .
D a l a m p e n y e l c s a i a n s k r i p s i i n i , p e n u l i s t e l a h b e r u s a h a d e n g a n s e g a l a k e m a m p u a n
y a n g d i m i l i k i , n a m u n p e n u l i s m e n y a d a r i m a s i h b a n y a k k e k u r a n g a n y a n g y a n g t e r d a p a t d a l a m
p e n u b s a n s k r i p s i i n i . o l e h k a r e n a i t u p e n u u s s a n g a i m e n g n a r a p k a n s e k a i i s a r a n d a n p e u m j u k
g u n a k e s e m p u m a a n p e n i l i s a n - p e n u l i s a n y a n g a k a n d a t a
A k h i r k a t a , s e g a l a k n t i k k a n d a n s a r a n d a r i p e m b a c a p e n u l i s u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h b a n y a k .
Billahi teufiq walhidayah
Wassalamu'alaikuni Wr.Wb
P a l e m b a n g , 2 0 1 6
P e n u l i s
O T O N J U N I S T Y A W A N
v i i i
D A F T A R I S I
H A L A M A N J U D U L i
H A L A M A N P E R S E T U J U A N i i
H A L A M A N P E N D A F T A R A N S K R I P S I i i i
H A L A M A N M O T O D A N P E R S E M E A H . ' ^ J ^ I i v
H A L A M A N P E R N Y A T A A N K E A S L I A N v
A B S T R A K v i
K A T A P E N G A N T A R v i i
D A F T A R I S I i x
B A B I P E N D A H U L U A N
A . L a t a r B e l a k a n g 1
B . P e r u m u s a n M a s a l a h 5
C . R u a n g L i n g k u p d a n T u j u a n 5
D . K e r a n g k a K o n s e p t u a l 6
E . M e t o d e P e n e l i t i a n 8
F . S i s t e m a t i k a P e n u l i s a n 9
B A B H T I N J A U A N P U S T A K A
A . W i l a y a h P e r a i r a n L a u t I n d o n e s i a 1 1
B . T i n d a k P i d a n a T e r t e n t u D i w i l a y a h P e r a i r a n L a u t 1 3
C . I n t a n s i Y a n g B e r w e n a n g M e l a k u k a n P e y i d i k a n
T e r h a d a p T i n d a k P i d a n a T e r t e n t u D i w i l a y a h P e r a i r a n
L a u t I n d o n e s i a 2 4
B A B I I I P E M B A H A S A N
A . P e l a k s a n a a n P e n e g a k a n H u k u m D i L a u t / M e r i n t i m e
T e r k a i t D e n g a n T i n d a k P i d a n a P e l a y a r a n
D i P e r a i r a n S u m a t e r a S e l a t a n 3 3
i x
B . P e n e r a p a n P i d a n a T e r h a d a p P e l a k u T i n d a k P i d a n a P e l a y a r a n 4 1
B a b I V : K E S I M P U L A N D A N S A R A N
A . K e s i m p u l a n 4 4
B . S a r a n 4 5
D A F T A R P U S T A K A 4 6
: . A M P I R A N
X
1
B A B l
PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar belakang
I n d o n e s i a a d a l a h n e g a r a m a r i t i m d a n a t a u n e g a r a k e p u l a u a n t e r b e s a r
d i d u n i a l e b i h k u r a n g 1 7 . 5 0 6 p u l a u , s u d a h s e j a k l a m a k e p u l a u a n I n d o n e s i a
d i j a d i k a n p e r l i n t a s a n t r a n s p o r t a s i d u n i a d a n r a m a i d i l a l u i s a r a n a a t a u m o d a
t r a n s p o r t a s i y a n g m e n g h u b u n g k a n a n t a r b e n u a d i s a m p i n g i t u s e b a g a i
p e n g b u b u n g k o t a d a n p u l a u , j u g a m e m i l i k i b e r b a g a i r a g a m k e k a y a a n y a n g
m e n j a d i t u m p u a n h a r a p a n m a s a d e p a n k e s e j a h t e r a a n r a k y a t . T e r g a n g g u n y a a t a u
t e r a n c a m n y a k e a m a n a n d a n k e s e l a m a t a n d i w i l a y a h y u r i s d i k s i I n d o n e s i a b e s e r t a
l i n g k u n g a n n y a m c n y c b a b k a n k c h i l a n g a n k c s c m p a t a n d a l a m m c r a i h d c v i s a
k h u s u s n y a d a r i a k t i v i t a s t r a n s p o r t a s i t e r s e b u t k a r e n a d a r i a s p e k p e r t a h a n a n ,
k e s e l a m a t a n d a n k e a m a n a n t r a n s p o r t a s i s a n g a t m e m p e n g a r u h i u s a h a
p c m b a n g u n a n n e g a r a d a n b a n g s a i n i .
U n t u k m e m p e r t a h a n k a n e k s i s t e n s i I n d o n e s i a s e b a g a i s u a t u n e g a r a
k e p u l a u a n y a n g u t u h d a n m e n y e l u r u h , m a k a i n t e g r i t a s p e r a i r a n I n d o n e s i a s e b a g a i
b a g i a n i n t e g r a l d a n s a t u k e s a t u a n w i l a y a h d e n g a n d a r a t d a n r u a n g u d a r a d i a t a s n y a
h a r u s d a p a t d i p e r t a h a n k a n , d i p e l i h a r a d a n d i l i n d u n g i . S e c a r a k o n k r i t , u n t u k d a p a t
m e l i n d u n g i k e p e n t i n g a n I n d o n e s i a d a n m e w u j u d k a n k o n d i s i k e a m a n a n d i w i l a y a h
p e r a i r a n I n d o n e s i a , m a k a p e r l u a d a p e l a k s a n a a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i l a u t , a n t a r a
l a i n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i p e r a i r a n I n d o n e s i a ,
2
S a a t i n i s e l u r u h n e g a r a t i d a k t e r l e p a s d a r i b e r b a g a i a t u r a n k o n v e n s i
i n t e m a s i o n a l . d i m a n a P e r s e r i k a t a n B a n g s a - B a n g s a ( P B B ) m e m f a s i l i t a s i p e n d i r i a n
O i g a n i s a s i i n t e n i a s i o n a l y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n k e s e l a m a t a n d a n k e a i n a n a n
t r a n s p o r t a s i . S a l a h s a t u b e n t u k p e r a t u r a n n e g a r a y a n g m e n g a t u r m a s a l a h p e l a y a r a n
a d a l a h U U N o . 1 7 t a h u n 2 0 0 8 . U n d a n g u n d a n g i n i m e m p a k a n p e n y e m p u m a ^ u
d a r i U U N o . 2 1 t a h u n 1 9 9 2 y a n g t i d a k s e s u a i l a g i d e n g a n k e b u t u h a n
p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n p e l a y a r a n s a a t i n i s e h i n g g a p e r l u d i g a n t i d e n g a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g
y a n g b a r u . S e b a g a i n e g a r a a n g g o t a I M O (International Maritime Organization)
s e b u a h o r g a n i s a s i d u n i a y a n g m e n g u r u s i m a s a l a h d u n i a p e l a y a r a n , k i t a w a j i b
m e l a k s a n a k a n s e l u r u h a t u r a n y a n g a d a d i d a l a m k o n v e n s i . S e b a g a i C a t a l a n
I n d o n e s i a t e l a h m e r a t i f i k a s i s e d i k i t n y a 1 5 k o n v e n s i I M O . T e r d a p a t 3 p i l a r u t a m a
d a r i k o n v e n s i I M O y a n g s a n g a t b c r p c n m d i d a l a m a s p c k k c m a r i t i m a n y a i t u
" S O L A S (Safety of life at Sea), m e n g a t u r a s p e k k e s e l a m a t a n k a p a l , M A R P O L
(Marine Pollution) m e n g a t u r m a s a l a h p e n c e m a r a n l i n g k u n g a n d a r i k a p a l , d a n
S T C W (Statulard Training Certification for Watch keeping) m e n g a t u r k o m p c t e n s i
d a n s y a r a t m i n i m u m p e n g a w a k a n k a p a l . " '
D i I n d o n e s i a , d a r i k e t i g a p i l a r u t a m a i t u l a h y a n g k e m u d i a n
d i i m p l e m e n t a s i k a n k e d a l a m u n d a n g - u n d a n g t e n t a n g p e l a y a r a n b e s e r t a a t u r a n
p e l a k s a n a a n n y a s e p e r t i P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h ( P P ) d a n K e p u t u s a n M e n t e r i
( M a l i s a n , 2 0 0 9 ) . A g a r d a l a m p e l a k s a n a a n n y a l e b i h t e g a s m a k a d i m a s u k k a n s a n k s i
y a n g b e r u p a d e n d a h i n g g a r a t u s a n j u t a r u p i a h d a i V a t a u k u r u n g a n p e n j a r a p i d a n a
k e d a l a m U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 t e n t a n g P e l a y a r a n .
^ wrww. infokapal. wordvress. com d i a k s e s t a n g g a l 0 2 m a r e t 2 0 1 6
3
B e r d a s a r k a n l a t a r b e l a k a n g p e r m a s a l a h a n d i a t a s , m a k a p e n u l i s h e n d a k m e l a k u k a n
p e n e l i t i a n p e n u l i s a n h u k u m d e n g a n j u d u l . " P E R T A N G G U N G J A W A B A N
P I D A N A P E N G E M U D I K A P A L M O T O R Y A N G M E N G A L A M I
K E C E L A K A A N D I P E R A I R A N M U S I P A L E M B A N G "
B . P e r m a s a l a h a n
B e r d a s a r k a n u r a i a n d i a t a s d a p a t d i a m b i l p e r m a s a l a h a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t ;
1 . B a g a i m a n a k a h p e l a k s a n a a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m s e o r a n g p e n g e m u d i k a p a l t e r h a d a p k e c e l a k a a n k a p a l m o t o r d i s u n g a i m u s t y a n g m e n g a k i b a t k a n m e n i n g g a l n y a a n a k b u a h k a p a l b e r d a s a r k a n U n d a n g U n d a n g n o 1 7 t a h u n 2 0 0 8 t e n t a n g p e l a y a r a n ?
2 . U p a y a p e n e r a p a n a p a k a h y a n g d i a m b i l t e i h a d a p p e l a k u t i n d a k p i d a n a p e l a y a r a n ?
C . R u a n g l i n g k u p d a n t u j u a n
K a r e n a d a l a m p e m b a h a s a n p e l a y a r a n s a n g a t l u a s k a j i a r m y a m a k a p e n u l i s
m e m b e r i k a n r u a n g l i n g k u p ( b a t a s a n m a s a l a h ) m e n g e n a i k a j i a n k e r a n g k a h u k u m
p e l a y a r a n , d i b a t a s i d a r i b e r b a g a i a s p e k y a i t u :
a ) A s p e k h u k u m a n g k u t a n l a u t
b ) A s p e k h u k u m P i d a n a
c ) A s p e k h u k u m K U H D
l u j u a n p e n u l i s a n d a n p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h u n t u k m c l c n g k a p i p e r s y a r a t a n
m e n j a d i s a i j a n a h u k u m d i U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a n m i a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g , d a n a g a r h a s i l
p e n u l i s a n d a p a t d i m e n g e r t i b a h w a p e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b a n s e o r a n g n a h k o d a k a p a l
a n g k u t a n r a k y a t ( P E L R A ) a d a l a h t u n d u k d e n g a n h u k u m y a n g m c n g a t u r t e n t a n g
4
t i n d a k p i d a n a y a n g t e r j a d i d i a t a s k a p a l y a n g d a l a m p e n g u a s a a n s e o r a n g n a h k o d a
k a p a l .
D . K e r a n g k a K o n s e p t u a l
1 . P e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b a n a d a l a h s e o r a n g y a n g b e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b u n t u k k e g i a t a n
d a n h a s i l n y a .
2 . P e n g e m u d i K a p a l a d a l a h s e o r a n g p e m i m p i n k a p a l . I s t i l a h k a p t e n p u l a
d i g u n a k a n b a g i s e o r a n g n a k h o d a y a n g p e m a h m e n g a w a l s e b u a h k a p a l .
M e n u m t K a m u s B e s a r B a h a s a I n d o n e s i a , N a k h o d a a d a l a h p e r w i r a l a u t y g
m e m e g a n g k o m a n d o t e r t i n g g i d i a t a s k a p a l n i a g a / k a p t e n k a p a l . M e n u m t
U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g P e l a y a r a n , N a k h o d a a d a l a h
s a l a h s e o r a n g d a r i a w a k k a p a l y a n g m e n j a d i p e m i m p i n t e r t i n g g i d i k a p a l d a n
m e m p u n y a i w e w e n a n g d a n t a n g g u n g j a w a b t e r t e n t u s e s u a i d e n g a n k e t e n t u a n
p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n .
3 . P i d a n a a d a l a h p e r b u a t a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n s e s e o r a n g y a n g m e l a n g g a r a t u r a n
h u k u m d a n u n d a n g u n d a n g y a n g b e r l a k u .
4 . K e c e l a k a a n a d a l a h K e c e l a k a a n m e r u j u k k e p a d a p e n s t i w a y a n g t e r j a d i s e c a r a
t i d a k s e n g a j a . S e b a g a i c o n t o h kecelakaan lalu lintas, kecelakaan tertusuk
benda tajam d a n s e b a g a i n y a .
5 . K e m a t i a n a n a k b u a h k a p a l a d a l a h k e m a t i a n a t a u t i n d a k p i d a n a y a n g t e r j a d i d i
a t a s k a p a l l a u t y a n g t e r j a d i t e r h a d a p a n a k b u a h k a p a l y a n g d i n a h k o d a i o l e h
n a h k o d a k a p a l .
5
E . M e t o d e P e n e l i t i a n
M e t o d o l o g i y a n g d i g u n a k a n p e n u l i s d a l a m p e n u l i s a n h u k u m i n i a d a l a h
i i o i n i a L i f y a n g b e i s i f a t d e s k i i p t i f ( m e n g g a i n b a r k a u ) , y a i t u m e n g g a m b a i k a i i s e r t a
m e n g u r a i k a n s e m u a d a t a y a n g d i p e r o l e h d a r i h a s i l s t u d i k e p u s t a k a a n y a n g
b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n j u d u l p e n u l i s a n h u k u m y a n g s e c a r a j e l a s d a n rinci k e m u d i a n
d i a n a l i s i s g u n a m e n j a w a b p e r m a s a l a h a n y a n g d i t e l i t i .
T e k n i k P e n g u m p u l a n D a t a , T e k n i k p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a y a n g d i g u n a k a n
o l e h p e n u l i s y a i t u , Penelitian kepustakaan (Library research), y a i t u p e n e l i t i a n
y a n g d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n c a r a m e n g u m p u l k a n d a t a d a r i b e r b a g a i s u m b e r d a n
m e m p e l a j a r i b u k u - b u k u d a n l i t e r a t u r l a i n n y a y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n m a s a l a h
y a n g p e n u l i s a n g k a t u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h d a s a r t e o r i t i s d a l a m p e n u l i s a n t u g a s a k h i r ,
d a l a m r a n g k a m c n d a p a t k a n d a t a s c k u n d c r d c g a n c a r a m e n y u s u n k e r a n g k a t e o r i t i s
d a n k o n s e p s i o n a l d e n g a n c a r a m e n e l a a h b a h a n - b a h a n h u k u m s e p e r t i :
a ) B a h a n h u k u m p r i m e r , B a h a n h u k u m p r i m e r a d a l a h b a h a n - b a h a n h u k u m
y a n g m c n g i k a t . D a l a m h a l i n i p e n u l i s m c n g g u n a k a n b a h a n h u k u m
p r i m e r , y a i t u b a h a n h u k u m y a n g d i d a p a t d a r i p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g -
u n d a n g a n y a n g r e l e v a n .
b ) B a l i a n h u k u m s e k u n d e r , y a i t u b a h a n h u k u m y a n g d i d a p a t d a r i t e o r i - t e o r i ,
p e n d a p a t a h l i , a r t i k e l d a n s e b a g a i n y a y a n g a d a r e l e v a n s i n y a .
c ) B a h a n h u k u m t e r s i e r a t a u p e n u n j a n g , B a h a n h u k u m t e r s i e r y a i t u b a h a n
y a n g m e m b e r i k a n p e t u n j u k m a u p u n p e n j e l a s a n t e r h a d a p b a h a n h u k u m
p r i m e r d a n b a h a n h u k u m s e k u n d e r , m i s a l n y a b a h a n d a r i m e d i a i n t e r n e t .
6
k a m u s , e n s i k l o p e d i a , i n d e k s k u m u l a t i f , d a n s e b a g a i n y a . D a l a m h a l i n i
p e n u l i s m e n g g u n a k a n b a h a n d a r i m e d i a i n t e r n e t , k a m u s , b u k u , a r t i k e l .
T e k n i k p c n g o l a h a n D a t a , m e r u p a k a n l a n g k a h s e l a n j u t n y a u n t u k m e n g o i a h
h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n m e n j a d i s u a t u l a p o r a n , d e n g a n m e t o d e A n a l i s i s i s i ( c o n t e n t
a n a i i s y s ) t e r h a d a p d a t a t e k s t u a i u n t u k s e l a n j u t n y a d i k o n t m k s i k a n k e d a l a m s u a t u
k e s i m p u l a n .
F . S i s t e m a t i k a P e n u l i s a n
D a l a m p e m b a h a s a n t u g a s a k h i r i n i , p e n u l i s m e m b a g i d a l a m e m p a t b a b
d e n g a n m a k s u d a g a r m e m i l i k i s u s u n a n y a n g s i s t e m a t i s s e h i n g g a d a p a t
m e m u d a h k a n i m t u k m e n g e t a h u i d a n m e m a h a m i h u b u n g a n a n t a r a b a b y a n g s a t u
d e n g a n b a b y a n g l a i n s e b a g a i s u a t u r a n g k a i a n y a n g k o n s i s t e n d a n t i d a k d a p a t
d i l a k u k a n s e c a r a a c a k y a n g m a s i n g - m a s i n g d i g o l o n g k a n d a l a m s u b b a b . A d a p u n
s i s t e m a t i k a t e r s e b u t a d a l a h :
> B A B I P E N D A H U L U A N
P a d a b a b i n i a k a n m e m b a h a s t e n t a n g p e n d a h u l u a n y a n g m e n d a s a r d a n
p e n g a n t a r a w a l d a r i p e n u l i s a n t u g a s a k h i r i n i . O l e h k a r e n a i t u d a l a m b a b i n i
t e r d a p a t l a t a r b e l a k a n g , r u m u s a n m a s a l a h , t u j u a n p e n e l i t i a n , m e t o d e p e n e l i t i a n ,
d a n s i s t e m a t i k a p e m b a h a s a n .
> B A B n T I N J A U A N P U S T A K A
D a l a m b a b i n i a k a n d i p a p a r k a n s e c a r a u m u m p e n g e r t i a n t e n t a n g
p e l a y a r a n r a k y a t s e r t a h u k u m a n g k u t a n l a u t y a n g m e n g a t u r t e n t a n g t i n d a k p i d a n a
^ Soerjono SoekBnto,Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar, Raja Grafindo Persada Jakarta, 2001, Him 113
7
y a n g t e r j a d i d i a t a s k a p a l l a u t , u n t u k m e m p e r m u d a h p e m b a h a s a n p o i n - p o i n y a n g
n a n t i n y a m u n c u l d a l a m b a b b e r i k u t n y a .
V . T » A T"* T T T T T T " A * n A T T A O A T V T D r t . D 111 r C - l V l D r t n r t O / ^ i - N
D a l a m b a b i n i a k a n d i b a h a s m e n g e n a i p e n a n g a n a n t i n d a k p i d a n a y a n g
t e r j a d i d i a t a s k a p a l o l e h a p a r a t p e n e g a k h u k u m w i l a y a h S u m a t e r a s e l a t a n d a n
t e u t o n u p a y a p e r l i n d u n g a n h a k h a k a n a k b u a h k a p a l d a l a m m e m p e r t a h a n k a n
h a k n y a .
> B A B I V K E S I M P U L A N D A N S A R A N
D i d a l a m b a b t e r a k h i r i n i a d a l a h s e b a g a i p e n u t u p d a r i k e s e l u r u h a n
p e m b a h a s a n b a b - b a b s e b e l u m n y a .
s
B A B I I
T I N J A U A N P U S T A K A
A . W i l a y a h P e r a i r a n L a u t I n d o n e s i a
W i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t i n d o n e s i a m e u p a k a n b a g i a n y a n g t i d a k t e r p i s a h k a n
d a r i w i l a y a h n e g a r a k e s a t u a n r e p u b l i k i n d o n e s i a s e c a r a k e s e l u r u h a n . M e n u r u t
u n d a n g - u n d a n g a N o . 4 3 t a h u n 2 0 0 8 T a n t a n g W i l a y a h n e g a r a , b a h w a w i l a y a h
N e g a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a m e l i p u t i w i l a y a h d a r a t , w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n , d a s a r l a u t ,
d a n t a n a h d i b a w a h n y a s e r t a r u a n g u d a r a d i a t a s n y a , t e r m a s u k s e l u r u h s u m b e r
k e k a y a a n y a n g t e r k a n d u n g d i d a l a x t m y a . A d a p u n w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n i n d o n e s i a
m e l i p u t i p e r a i r a n p e d a l a m a n , p e r a i r a n k e p u l a u a n , d a n l a u t t e r i t o r i a l . S e l a i n i t u
i n d o n e s i a j u g a m e m i l i k i w i l a y a h y u r i s d i k s i d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t d i l u a r l a u t
t e r i l o r i a l y a n g m e l i p u t i Z o n a E k o n o m i E k s k l u s i f , L a n d a s K o n l i n e n , d a n Z o n a
T a m b a h a n d i m a n a a t a s w i l a y a h y u r i s d i k s i i n i i n d o n e s i a m e m i l i k i h a k - h a k
b e r d a u l a t d a n k e w e n a n g a n t e r t e n t u l a i n n y a b e r d a s a r k a n p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g -
l u i d a n g a n d a n h u k u i i i i n t e m a s i o n a l .
B e r d a s a r k a n k o n v e n s i i n t e m a s i o n a l , y a k n i K o n v e n s i P e r s e r i k a t a n B a n g s a -
B a n g s a ( P B B ) T e n t a n g H u k u m L a u t (United Nations Convention on the law of the
sea) 1 9 8 2 , w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t s u a t u n e g a r a h a r u s t u n d u k d a n b e r d a s a r k a n
k o n v e n s i i n i , d i m a n a k o n v e n s i P B B T e n t a n g h u k u m l a u t t a h u n 1 9 8 2 i n i t e l a h
d i r a t i f i k a s i o l e h i n d o n e s i a d e n g a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 17 T a h u n 1 9 8 5 .
9
S e l a n j u t n y a p a d a T a h u n 1 9 9 6 I n d o n e s i a t e l a h m e n g u n d a n g k a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g
N o . 6 t a h u n 1 9 9 6 T e n t a n g P e r a i r a n I n d o n e s i a , d i m a n a p a s a l 3 a y a t ( 1 ) U n d a n g -
u n d a n g P e r a i r a n I n d o n e s i a m e n e g a s k a n b a h w a w i l a y a l i p e r a i r a n m e l i p u t i l a u t
t e r i t o r i a l I n d o n e s i a , p e r a i r a n k e p u l a u a n , d a n p e r a i r a n p e d a l a m a n . D e n g a n
d e m i k i a n s e c a r a y u r i d i s F o r m a l m e n u r u t K o n v e n s i P B B T e n t a n g H u k u m L a u t
1 9 8 2 , U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 4 3 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 , d a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 6 T a h u n
1 9 9 6 w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t I n d o n e s i a m e l i p u t i l a u t T e r i t o r i a l d i m a n a I n d o n e s i a
m e m i l i k i k e d a u l a t a n p e n u h , d a n W i l a y a h Y u r i s d i k s i y a n g m e l i p u t i Z o n a E k o n o m i
E k s k l u s i f , L a n d a s K o n t i n e n , d a n Z o n a T a m b a h a n , d i a m a n p a d a w i l a y a h y u r i s d i k s i
i n i i n d o n e s i a m e m i l i k i h a k b e r d a u l a t d a n k e w e n a n g a n t e r t e n t u l a i n y a .
1 . L a u t T e r i r o r i a l d a n P e r a i r a n K e p u l a u a n
L a u t T e r i r o r i a l a d a l a h j a l u r l a u t s e l e b a r 1 2 ( d u a b e l a s ) m i l l a u t y a n g d i u k u r
d a r i g a r i s p a n g k a l k e p u l a u a n I n d o n e s i a , s e d a n g k a n P e r a i r a n K e p u l a u a n a d a l a h
s e m u a p e r a i r a n y a n g t e r l e t a k p a d a s i s i d a l a m g a r i s p a n g k a l l u r u s k e p u l a u a n t a n p a
m e m p e r h a t i k a n k e d a l a m a n a t a u j a r a k n y a d a r i p a n t a i . D i m a n a b e d a s a r k a n
K o n v e n s i i n t e m a s i o n a l d a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g T e n t a n g W i l a y a h N e g a r a , n e g a r a
P a n t m m e m i l i k i k e d a u l a t a n p e n u h a t a s l a u t t e r i t o r i a l d a n p e r a i r a n k e p u l a u a n . H a l
i n i s e b a g a i m a n a d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m K o n v e n s i P e r s e r i k a t a n B a n g s a - B a n g s a ( P B B )
T e n t a n g H u k u m L a u t {United Nations Convention on the law of the sea) 1 9 8 2
b a l r w a n e g a r a k e p u l a u a n m e m i l i k i k e d a u l a t a n a t a s p e r a i r a n y a n g d i t u t u p o l e h a t a u
t e r l e t a k d i s e b e l a h d a l a m d a r i g a r i s p a n g k a l l u r u s k e p u l a u a n y a n g d i s e b u t s e b a g a i
p e r a i r a n k e p u l a u a n .
10
M e s k i p u n d e m i k i a n , n e g a r a p a n t a i h a r u s m e m b e r i k a n h a k l i n t a s d a m a i b a g i k a p a l -
k a p a l a s i n g y a n g h e n d a k b e r l a y a r m e l a l u i l a u t t e n t o r i a l d a n P e r a i r a n k e p u l a u a n . ^
A d a p u n y a n g d i i n a k s u d d e n g a n l i n t a s y a i t u n a v i g a s i m e l a l u i l a u t t e i i t o i i a l d a n
p e r a i r a n k e p u l a u a n u n t u k k e p e r l u a n
1 . m e l i n t a s i l a u t t e r s e b u t t a n p a m e m a s u k i p e r a i r a n p e d a l a m a n a t a u s i n g g a h d i
t e m p a t b e r l a b u h d i t e n g a h l a u t a t a u f a s i l i t a s p e l a - b u h a n d i l u a r p e r a i r a n
p e d a l a m a n .
2 . b e r l a l u k e a t a u d a r i p e r a i r a n p e d a l a m a n a t a u s i n g g a h d i t e m p a t b e r l a b u h d i
t e n g a h l a u t a t a u f a s i l i t a s p e l a b u h a n t e r s e b u t
2 . Z o n a T a m b a h a n
P e n g a t u r a n t e n t a n g L a n d a s K o n t i n e n s e c a r a i n t e m a s i o n a l t e r d a p a t d a l a m
U N C L O S 1 9 8 2 , y a k n i p a d a S e c t i o n I V , a r t i c l e 3 3 . Z o n a T a m b a h a n a d a l a h z o n a
y a n g l e b a m y a t i d a k m e l e b i h i 2 4 m i l l a u t y a n g d i u k u r d a r i g a r i s p a n g k a l t e m p a t
d i m a n a l e b a r l a u t t e r i t o r i a l d i u k u r . D i m a n a n e g a r a p a n t a i d a p a t m e l a k u k a n
p e n g a w a s a n y a n g d i p c r l u k a n u n t u k m c n c c g a h p c l a n g g a r a n p c r a n t u r a n - p c r u n d a n g -
u n d a n g a n n a s i o n a l n y a d i b i d a n g b e a c u k a i , f i s k a l , i m i g r a s i , d a n s a n i t e r .
3 . L a n d a s K o n t i n e n
P e n g a t u r a n t e n t a n g L a n d a s K o n t i n e n s e c a r a i n t e m a s i o n a l t e r d a p a t d a l a m
U N C L O S 1 9 8 2 , y a k n i p a d a P a r t I V , a r t i c l e 7 6 s a m p a i a r t i c l e 8 5 . L a n d a s K o n t i n e n
a d a l a l i m e h p u t i d a s a r l a u t d a n t a n a h d i b a w a h n y a d a n a r e a d i b a w a a p e m i u k a a n
^ http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigasi, Diakses pada 17 Novemver 2010
11
l a u t y a n g t e r l e t a k d i l u a r l a u t t e r i t o r i a l , s e p a n j a n g k e l a n j u t a n a l a m i a h w i l a y a h
d a r a t a n h i n g g a p i n g g i r a n l u a r t e p i k o n t i n e n , a t a u h i n g g a s u a t u j a r a k 2 0 0 ( d u a
r a t u s ) iiiil l a u t d a i i g a i i s p a n g k a l d a n n i a n a l e b a i l a u t t e r i t o r i a l d i u k i u , d a l a n i h a l
p i n g g i r a n l u a r t e p i k o n t i n e n t i d a k m e n c a p a i j a r a k t e r s e b u t , h i n g g a p a l i n g j a u h 3 5 0
( t i g a r a t u s l i m a r»iiliih) mil laut " amnai d e n g a r i Jarak IflO ( s e r a t u s ) m i l l a i i l d a r i
g a r i s k e d a l a m a n 2 . 5 0 0 ( d u a r i b u l i m a r a t u s ) m e t e r . S a m p a i s a a t i n i p e n g a t u r a n
m e n g e n a i l a n d a s k o n t i n e n m a s i h d i d a s a r k a n p a d a u n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 1 t a h u n
1 9 7 3 , d i m a n a p a s a l 2 u n d a n g - u n d a n g i n i m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a p e n g u a s a a n p e n u h
d a n h a k e k s k l u s i f a t a s s u m b e r d a y a a l a m d i l a n d a s k o n t i n e n a d a p a d a n e g a r a .
D a l a m m e l a k u k a n k e g i a t a n e k s p l o r a s i d a n e k s p l o i t a s i s u m b e r d a y a a l a m d i l a n d a s
k o n t i n e n h a h u s m e n g i n d a h k a n k e p e n t i n g a n p e r t a h a n a n d a n k e a m a n a n n a s i o n a l ,
p e r h u b u n g a n , t c l c k o m o n i k a s i , t r a n s m i s i l i s t r i k d i b a w a h l a u t , p e r i k a n a n m a u p u n
r i s e t - r i s e t i l m i a h .
4 . Z o n a E k o n o m i E k s k l u s i f
S e c a r a i n t e m a s i o n a l w i l a y a h Z o n a E k o n o m i E k s k l u s i f p e r t a m a k a l i
d i p e r k e h a l k a n o l e h United Nation Convention on the law of the sea ( U N C L O S )
1 9 8 2 , y a k n i p a d a P a r t V , a r t i c l e 5 5 s a m p a i a r t i c l e 7 5 . S e b e l u m k o n v e n s i h u k u m
l a u t 1 9 8 2 d i r a t i f i k a s i d e n g a n u r ^ ^ a n g - u n d a n g N o . 1 7 t a h u n 1 9 8 5 , i n d o n e s i a t e l a h
m c n g u n d a n g k a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 5 t a h u n 1 9 8 3 T e n t a n g Z o n a E k o n o m i
E k s k l u s i f I n d o n e s i a . D i m a n a t e n t a n g Z o n a E k o n o m i E k s k l u s i f I n d o n e s i a i n i
m e m p a k a n r e a l i s a s i j u r i d i s p e r l u a s a n w i l a y a h l a u t , u t a m a n y a y a n g m e n y a n g k u t
k e a d a a n e k o n o m i d a l a m p e n g e l o l a a n , p e n g a w a s a n d a n p e l e s t a r i a n n y a , s e h i n g g a
12
u p a y a u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n k e s e j a h t e r a a n b a n g s a d e n g a n c a r a m e m a n f a a t k a n
s u m b e r d a y a a l a m l a u t d a p a t d i l a k s a n a k a n d e n g a n s e b a i k - b a i k n y a . " ^
M e n u r u t u n d a n g - u n d a n g N O . 5 T a h u n 1 9 8 3 , b a h w a Z o n a E k o n o m i E k s k l u s i f
i n d o n e s i a a d a l a h j a l u r d i l u a r d a n h e r b a t a s a n d e n g a n l a u t t e n t o r i a l I n d o n e s i a y a n g
m e l i p u t i d a s a r l a u t , t a n a h d i b a w a h n y a d a n a i r d i a t a s n y a d e n g a n b a t a s t e r l u a r 2 0 0
( d u a r a t u s ) m i l l a u t d i u k u r d a r i g a r i s p a n g k a l l a u t l a u t t e r i t o r i a l I n d o n e s i a . U i m a n a
a p a b i l a Z o n a E k o n o m i E k s k l u s i f I n d o n e s i a t u m p a n g t i n d i h d e n g a n z o n a e k o n o m i
e k s k l u s i f n e g a r a - n e g a r a y a n g p a n t a i n y a s a l i n g b e r h a d a p a n a t a u b e r d a m p i n g a n
d e n g a n I n d o n e s i a , m a k a b a t a s z o n a e k o n o m i e k s k l u s i f a n t a r a I n d o n e s i a d a n
n e g a r a t e r s e b u t d i t e t a p k a n d e n g a n p e r s e t u j u a n a n t a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a d a n
n e g a r a y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n .
K o n v e n s i H u k u m l a u t 1 9 8 2 d a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 5 t a h u n 1 9 8 3
m e n e t a p k a n , b a h w a n e g a r a p a n t a i m e m p u n y a i h a k - h a k t e r t e n t u d i Z o n a E k o n o m i
E k s k l u s i f , y a k n i
1 . H a k b e r d a u l a t u n f u k m e l a k u k a n e k s p l o r a s i d a n e k s p l o i t a s i , p e n g e l o l a a n
d a n k o n s e r v a s i s u m b e r d a y a a l a m h a y a t i d a n n o n h a y a t i d a r i d a s a r l a u t d a n
t a n a h d i b a w a h n y a s e r t a a i r d i a t a s n y a d a ^ k e g i a t a n - k ^ g ^ a t a n l a i n n y a u n t u k
e k s p l o r a s i d a n e k s p l o i t a s i e k o n o m i s z o n a t e r s e b u t , s e p e r t i p e m b a n g k i t a n
t e n a g a d a r i a i r , a r u s d a n a n g i n
2 . Y u r i s d i k s i u n t u k m e l a k u k a n
* p. Joko Subagyo, Hukum Laut Indonesia, Rineka Cipta, Jakarta, 2005, him. 63
13
a . p e m b u a t a n d a n p e n g g u n a a n p u l a u - p u l a u b u a t a n , i n s t a l a s i - i n s t a l a s i
d a n b a n g u n a n - b a n g u n a n l a i n n y a
b . p e n e l i t i a n i l m i a l i m e n g e n a i k e l a u t a n
c . p e r l i n d u n g a n d a n p e l e s t a r i a n l i n g k u n g a n t a u t
m e s k i p u n d e m i k i a n , i n d o n e s i a s e b a g a i n e g a r a p a n t a i h a r u s m e n j a m i n
k e b e b a s a n p e l a y a r a n d a n p e n e r b a n g a n i n t e m a s i o n a l s e c a r a d a m a i s e r t a k e b e b a s a n
p e m a s a n g a n k a b e l d a n p i p a b a w a h l a u t y a n g d i a k u i s e s u a i d e n g a n p r i n s i p - p r i n s i p
h u k u m l a u t i n t e m a s i o n a l y a n g b e r l a k u .
B. Tindak Pidana Tertentu Diwilayah Perairan Laut
S u a t u p e r b u a t a n y a n g d i k a t e g o r i k a n s e b a g a i t i n d a k p i d a n a p a d a d a s a m y a
m e r u p a k a n p e r b u a t a n y a n g d i c e l a d a n d i l a r a n g u n t u k d i l a k u k a n s e b a b d a p a t
m e r u g i k a n k e p e n t i n g a n o r a n g l a i n m a u p u n k e p e n t i n g a n u m u m . M e n u r u t s i m o n s ,
t i n d a k p i d a n a ( S t r a f b a a r F e i t ) i a l a h t i n d a k a n m e l a n g g a r h u k u m y a n g t e l a h
d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n s e n g a j a a t a u p u n t i d a k d e n g a n s e n g a j a o l e h s e s e o r a n g y a n g
d a p a t d i p c r t a n g g u n g j a w a b k a n a t a s t i n d a k a n y a d a n o l e h U n d a n g - U n d a n g t e l a h
d i n y a t a k a n s e b a g a i t i n d a k a n y a n g d a p a t d i h u k u m . ^
S e d a n g k a n m e n u m t H a z e w i n k e l S u r i n g a t i n d a k p i d a n a i a l a h s u a t u
k e l a k u a n m a n u s i a ( y a n g m e l i p u t i p e r b u a t a n d a n p e n g a b a i a n ) y a n g m e m e n u h i
r u m u s a n y a n g d i l a r a n g o l e h U n d a n g - U n d a n g d a n d i a n c a m d e n g a n p i d a n a . ^
^ P.A.F. Lamintang, Dasar-dasar Hukum P i d a n a indonesia, Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 199/, htm. 189
^ Andi Hamzah, Pemberantasan Korupsi D i t i n j a u D a r i Hukum P i d a n a , Pusat Studi Hukum Pidana Universitas Trisaktl, Jakarta, 2002, him. 88-89
14
D e n g a n d e m i k i a n s u a t u p e r b u a t a n y a n g d i k a t e g o r i k a n s e b a g a i t i n d a k
p i d a n a a d a l a h a p a b i l a p e r b u a t a n t e r s e b u t d i l a r a n g o l e h U n d a n g - U n d a n g d a n
d i a n c a n i d e n g a n p i d a n a . O l e h k a i e n a i t u s e g a l a p e r b u a t a n a t a u p u n a k t i v i t a s y a n g
d i l a k u k a n d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t I n d o n e s i a y a n g d e n g a n t e g a s d i n y a t a k a n
s e b a g a i k e h a r u s a n a t a u l a r a n g a n o l e h u n d a n g - u n d a n g d a n d i a n c a m d e n g a n p i d a n a
b a g i b a r a n g s i a p a y a n g m e l a n g g a m y a a d a l a h m e r u p a k a n s u a t u t i n d a k p i d a n a .
H u k i u n p i d a n a d a l a m i l m u h u k u m d i b a g i m e n j a d i h u k u m p i d a n a u m u m
d a n h u k u m p i d a n a k h u s u s , p e m b a g i a n i n i s e b a g a i m n a d i t e g a s k a n d a l a m p a s a l 1 0 3
K i t a b U n d a n g - u n d a n g I l u k u m P i d a n a ( K U U P ) , y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a
" K e t e n t u a n - k e t e n t u a n d a l a m B a b I s a m p a i B a b V I I I B u k u i n i j u g a b e r l a k u b a g i
p c r b u a t a n - p c r b u a t a n y a n g o l e h k c t c n t u a n p c r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n l a i n d i a n c a m
d e n g a n p i d a n a , k e c u a l i j i k a o l e h u n d a n g - u n d a n g d i t e n l u k a n l a i n "
P a s a l 1 0 3 K U H P i n i s e c a r a t e r s i r a t m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a s e g a l a k e t e n t u a n
d i d a l a m K U H P m e r u p a k a n k e t e n t u a n u m u m , s e d a n g k a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g d i l u a r
K U H P m e r u p a k a n k c t c n t u a n k h u s u s . o l e h k a r e n a i t u t i n d a k p i d a n a j u g a d i b a g i
m e n j a d i t i n d a k p i d a n a u m u m d a n t i n d a k p i d a n a k h u s u s .
T i n d a k p i d a n a u m u m a d a l a h s e m u a t i n d a k p i d a n a y a n g t e r c a n t u m d i d a l a m
K U H P b e s e r t a p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n y a n g m e n g u b a h a t a u m e n a m b a h K U H P i t u ,
s e p e r t i U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . T a h u n 1 9 4 6 d a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 7 3 T a h u n 1 9 4 8 .
S e d a n g k a n t i n d a k p i d a n a k h u s u s a d a l a h s e m u a t i n d a k p i d a n a y a n g d i a t u r d a l a m
p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n d i l u a r K U H P , b e s e r t a s e m u a p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g -
15
u n d a n g a n p e l e n g k a p n y a b a i k p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n p i d a n a m a u p u n
b u k a n p i d a n a t e t a p i b e r s a n k s i p i d a n a /
1 . T i n d a k P i d a n a d i B i d a n g P e r i k a n a n
S e c a r a t e o r i t i s , t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g p e r i k a n a n d i b e d a k a n k e d a l a m t i g a
m a c a m , y a k n i I l l e g a l f i s h i n g . U n r e g u l a t e d F i s h i n g , d a n U n r e p o r t e d F i s h i n g .
a ) I l l e g a l F i s h i n g a d a l a h k e g i a t a n p e n a n g k a p a n i k a n s e c a r a i l l e g a l d i w i l a y a h
p e r a i r a n a t a u Z E E s u a t u n e g a r a , d e n g a n t i d a k m e m i l i k i i j i n d a r i n e g a r a p a n t a i .
M e n u r u t o r g a n i s a s i r e g i o n a l y a n g b e r g e r a k d i b i d a n g p e r e n c a n a a n d a n
p e n g e l o l a a n p e r i k a n a n y a k n i I n t e r n a t i o n a l P l a n o f A c t i o n ( I P O A ) , y a n g d i m a k s u d
d e n g a n i l l e g a l f i s h i n g a d a l a h k e g i a t a n m e n a n g k a p i k a n y a n g
1 ) D i l a k u k a n o l e h o r a n g a t a u k a p a l a s i n g p a d a s u a t u p e r a i r a n y a n g m e n j a d i
y u r i s d i k s i s u a t u n e g a r a t a n p a i j i n d a r i n e g a r a t e r s e b u t a t a u b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n
p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n y a n g b e r l a k u
2 ) B e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n p e r a t u r a n n a s i o n a l y a n g b e r l a k u a t a u k e w a j i b a n
i n t e m a s i o n a l
3 ) D i l a k u k a n o l e h k a p a l y a n g m e n g i b a r k a n b e n d e r a s u a t u n e g a r a y a n g m e n j a d i
a n g g o t a o r g a n i s a s i p e n g e l o l a a n p e r i k a n a n r e g i o n a l , t e t a p i b e r o p e r a s i t i d a k s e s u a i
d e n g a n k e t e n t u a n p e l e s t a r i a n d a n p e n g e l o l a a n y a n g d i t e r a p k a n o l e h o r g a n i s a s i
t e r s e b u t a t a u k e t e n t u a n h u k u m i n t e m a s i o n a l y a n g b e r l a k u
' Andi Hamzah, Asc7s-oso5 Hukum P i d a n a , Rineka Cipta, Jakarta, 2004, him. 13 " Markas Besar TNI Angkatan Laut, "Peranan TNI Angkatan Laut Dalam MenanggulangI
illegal, Unreported dan Unregulated Fishing", Jakarta, 2008.
16
b ) U n r e p o r t e d F i s h i n g a t a u k e g i a t a n p e r i k a n a n y a n g t i d a k d i l a p o r k a n a d a l a h
s u a t u k e g i a t a n p e n a n g k a p a n i k a n y a n g :
1 ) T i d a k p e m a h d i l a p o r k a n a t a u d i l a p o r k a n s e c a r a t i d a k b e n a r k e p a d a i n s t a n s i
y a n g b e r w e n a n g , t i d a k s e s u a i d e n g a n p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n n a s i o n a l
2 ) D i l a k u k a n d i a r e a y a n g m e n j a d r k u m p e t e i i s i o i g a n i s a s i x j e n g e l o l a a i r p e r i k a n a n
r e g i o n a l , n a m u n t i d a k p e m a h d i l a p o r k a n a t a u d i l a p o r k a n s e c a r a t i d a k b e n a r , t i d a k
s e s u a i d e n g a n p r o s e d u r p e l a p o r a n d a r i o r g a n i s a s i t e r s e b u t .
S e d a n g k a n m e n u m t A j i S u l a r s o , U n r e p o r t e d F i s h i n g a d a l a h k e g i a t a n
p e n a n g k a p a n i k a n d i p e r a i r a n w i l a y a h a t a u Z o n a E k o n o m i E k s k l u s i f ( Z E E ) s u a t u
n e g a r a y a n g t i d a k d i l a p o r k a n b a i k o p e r a s i o n a l n y a m a u p u n d a t a k a p a l d a n h a s i l
t a n g k a p a n n y a .
c ) U n r e g u l a t e d F i s h i n g a t a u K e g i a t a n p e r i k a n a n y a n g t i d a k d i a t u r a d a l a h k e g i a t a n
p e n a n g k a p a n i k a n y a n g :
1 ) D i l a k u k a n p a x l a s u a t u a r e a a t a u s t o k i k a n y a n g b e l u m d i t e r a p k a n k e t e n t u a n
p e l e s t a r i a n d a n p e n g e l o l a a n d a n k e g i a t a n p e n a n g k a p a n t e r s e b u t d i l a k s a n a k a n
d e n g a n c a r a y a n g t i d a k s e s u a i d e n g a n t a n g g u n g j a w a b n e g a r a u n t u k p e l e s t a r i a n
d a n p e n g e l o l a a n s u m b e r d a y a i k a n s e s u a i h u k u m i n t e m a s i o n a l
2 ) D i l a k u k a n p a d a s u a t u a r e a y a n g m e n j a d i k e w e n a n g a n o r g a n i s a s i p e n g e l o l a a n
p e r i k a n a n r e g i o n a l , y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h k a p a l t a n p a k e w a r g a n e g a r a a n , a t a u y a n g
m e n g i b a r k a n b e n d e r a s u a t u n e g a r a y a n g t i d a k m e n j a d i a n g g o t a o r g a n i s a s i
17
t e r s e b u t , d e n g a n c a r a y a n g t i d a k s e s u a i a t a u b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n k e t e n t u a n
p e l e s t a r i a n d a n p e n g e l o l a a n d a r i o r g a n i s a s i t e r s e b u t
S e c a r a y u r i d i s f o r m a l , p e n g a t u r a n m e n g e n a i t i n d a k p i d a n a p e r i k a n a n d i
i n d o n e s i a t e r d a p a t d i d a l a m U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 3 i l a h u n 2 0 0 4 t e n t a n g
P e r i k a n a n , y a n g t e l a h d i p e r b a h a r u i d e n g a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 4 5 t a h u n 2 0 0 9 .
D i m a n a b e r d a s a r k a n P a s a l 1 0 3 U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r i k a n a n , l i n d a k p i d a n a
p e r i k a n a n d i b a g i a t a s 2 ( d u a ) j e n i s t i n d a k p i d a n a , y a i t u t i n d a k p i d a n a k e j a h a t a n
d i b i d a n g p e r i k a n a n d a n t i n d a k p i d a n a p e l a n g g a r a n d i b i d a n g p e r i k a n a n .
A d a p u n y a n g t e r m a s u k k e d a l a m k u a l i f i k a s i T i n d a k p i d a n a k e j a h a t a n
d i b i d a n g p e r i k a n a n a d a l a h t i n d a k p i d a n a y a n g d i a t u r d i d a l a m p a s a l 8 4 , P a s a l 8 5 ,
P a s a l 8 6 , P a s a l 8 8 , P a s a l 9 1 , P a s a l 9 2 , P a s a l 9 3 , d a n p a s a l 9 4 U n d a n g - u n d a n g
P e r i k a n a n . S e d a n g k a n y a n g t e r m a s u k k e d a l a m t i n d a k p i d a n a p e l a n g g a r a n
d i b i d a n g p e r i k a n a n a d a l a h t i n d a k p i d a n a s e b a g a i m a n a y a n g d i a t u r d i d a l a m p a s a l
8 7 , P a s a l 8 9 , P a s a l 9 0 , P a s a l 9 5 , P a s a l 9 6 , P a s a l 9 7 , P a s a l 9 8 , P a s a l 9 9 , d a n P a s a l
1 0 0 U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r i k a n a n .
2 . T i n d a k P i d a n a d i B i d a n g P e l a y a r a n
S e c a r a y u r i d i s , s e b e l u m d i i m d a n g k a n y a U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e l a y a r a n N o . 2 1
t a h u n 1 9 9 2 y a n g s e k a r a n g t e l a h d i g a n t i d e n g a n . U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 1 7 T a h u n
2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g P e l a y a r a n , p e r b u a t a n - p e r b u a t a n y a n g t e r m a s u k k e d a l a m t i n d a k
p i d a n a d i b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n d i a t u r s e c a r a e k s k l u s i f d i d a l a m K J t a b U n d a n g - u n d a n g
H u k u m P i d a n a ( K U H P ) , y a k n i d a l a m B u k u K e d u a , B a b X X I X T e n t a n g
18
K e j a h a t a n P e l a y a r a n , p a s a l 4 3 8 s a m p a i d e n g a n p a s a l 4 7 9 . D i m a n a p e n g a t u r a n
t i n d a k p i d a n a d i B i d a n g P e l a y a r a n d i d a l a m K U H P l e r k u a l i f i k a s i k e d a l a m 8
u i a c a i u , b e b e i a p a d i a n t a i a n y a a d a l a l i P e m b a j a k a n , K e t e i a n g a n p a l s u i s i s u i a t i j i n
b e r l a y a r , P e l a n g g a r a n P e r j a n j i a n , P e n y e r a n g a n n a h k o d a .
S e t e l a h d i u n d a n g k a n y a U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 p e n g a t u r a n
m e n g e n a i l i n d a k P i d a n a d i b i d a n g P e l a y a r a n t e r d a p a t d a l a m p a s a l 2 8 4 s a m p a i
d e n g a n p a s a l 3 3 6 , d i m a n a c a k u p a n p e n g a t u r a n y a l e b i h b a n y a k d i t e k a n k a n p a d a
b i d a n g - b i d a n g y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n p e m i a g a a n , p e r i z i n a n , d a n p e n g a n g k u t a n .
M e s k i p u n d e m i k i a n , t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n m e n u r u t u n d a n g - u n d a n g
p e l a y a r a n t i d a k h a n y a d a p a t d i l a k u k a n o l e h m a n u s i a s e b a g a i s u b j e k h u k u m , t e t a p i
j u g a d a p a t d i l a k u k a n o l e h k o r p o r a s i . H a l i n i s e b a g a i m a n a d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m p a s a l
3 3 3 u n d a n g - u n d a n g p e l a y a r a n , b a h w a
" T i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n d i a n g g a p d i l a k u k a n o l e h k o r p o r a s i a p a b i l a
t i n d a k p i d a n a t e r s e b u t d i l a k u k a n o l e h o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g b e r t i n d a k u n t u k d a n / a t a u
a t a s n a m a k o r p o r a s i a t a u u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n k o r p o r a s i , b a i k b e r d a s a r k a n
h u b u n g a n k e r j a m a u p u n h u b u n g a n t a i n , b e r t i n d a k d a l a m l i n g k u n g a n k o r p o r a s i
t e r s e b u t b a i k s e n d i r i m a u p u n b e r s a m a - s a m a "
D i m a n a p e n y i d i k a n , p e n u n t u t a n , p e m i d a n a a n t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a d i
b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h k o r p o r a s i d a p a t d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p
k o r p o r a s i m a u p u n p e n g u r u s n y a . S e l a i n i t u p e n j a t u h a n p i d a n a d e n d a j u g a d a p a t
d i b e r b e r a t s a m p a i 3 k a l i p e n j a t u h a n d e n d a y a n g d i a t u r d a l a m u n d a n g - u n d a n g
p e l a y a r a n . M e s k i p u n t e r d a p a t p e r l u a s a n s u b j e k d a l a m u n d a n g - u n d a n g p e l a y a r a n .
19
a k a n t e t a p i u n d a n g - u n d a n g p e l a y a r a n t i n d a k m e n g a t u r m e n g e n a i t i n d a k p i d a n a
p e m b a j a k a n s e b a g a i m a n a y a n g d i a t u r d i d a l a m K U H P .
3 , T i n d a k P i d a n a D i w i l a y a h P e r a i r a n L a u t y a n g B e r k a i t a n d e n g a n I l l e g a l
L,ocing.
P e n g a t u r a n m e n g e n a i t i n d a k p i d a n a d i w i l a y a h p e r m r a n y a n g b e r k a i t a n
d e n g a n i l l e g a l l o g i n g t e r s e b a r d i d a l a m b e r b a g a i p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n ,
d i a n t a r a n y a t e r d a p a t d a l a m :
a. U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 4 1 t a h i m 1 9 9 9 T e n t a n g k e h u t a n a n .
P a s a l 5 0 a y a t ( 3 ) h u n i f h u n d a n g - u n d a n g k e h u t a n a n m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a " s e t i a p
o r a n g d i l a r a n g m c n g a n g k u t , m c n g u a s a i , a t a u m c m i l i k i h a s i l h u t a n y a n g t i d a k
d i l e n g k a p i b e r s a m a - s a m a d e n g a n s u r a t k e t c r a n g a n s a h n y a h a s i l h u t a n " . s e l a i n i t u
P a s a l 5 0 a y a t ( 3 ) h u r u f j j u g a m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a s e t i a p o r a n g d i l a r a n g m e m b a w a
a l a t - a l a t b e r a t d a n a t a u a l a t - a l a t l a i n n y a y a n g l a z i m a t a u p a t u t d i d u g a a k a n
d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g a n g k u t h a s i l h u t a n d i d a l a m k a w a s a n h u t a n , t a n p a i z i n
p e j a b a t y a n g b e r w e n a n g " a d a p u n y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n a l a t - a l a t b e r a t m e n u r u t
p e n j e l a s a n p a s a l 5 0 s a l a h s a t u n y a a d a l a h k a p a l . a d a p u n p e r b u a t a n y a n g
m e l a n g g a r k e t e n t u a n i n i d i a n c a m d e n g a n p i d a n a p e n j a r a p a l i n g l a m a l i m a t a h u n
d a n d e n d a p a l i n g b a n y a k l i m a m i l y a r r u p i a h s e b a g a i m a n a d i m a k s u d d a l a m p a s a l
7 8 a y a l ( 9 ) .
b . U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g P e l a y a r a n .
P a s a l 2 9 4 d a n 2 9 5 u n d a n g - u n d a n g p e l a y a r a n m e n g a t u r m e n g e n a i t i n d a k p i d a n a
20
d a l a m b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n i l l e g a l l o g i n g . D i m a n a p a s a l 2 9 4
m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a " S e t i a p o r a n g y a n g m e n g a n g k u t b a r a n g k h u s u s d a n
b a i a n g b e r b a l i a y a t i d a k s e s u a i d e n g a n p e r s y a r a t a n d i p i d a n a d e n g a n p i d a n a
p e n j a r a p a l i n g l a m a t i g a t a h u n a t a u d e n d a p a l i n g b a n y a k e m p a t r a t u s j u t a r u p i a h "
2 9 5 m e n y a t a k a n d 3 a h w a - " S e t i a p u i a i i g y a n g m e n g a n g k u t
b a r a n g b a r a n g b e r b a h a y a d a n b a r a n g k h u s u s y a n g t i d a k m e n y a m p a i k a n
p e m b e r i t a h u a n , d i p i d a n a d e n g a n p i d a n a p e n j a r a p a l i n g l a m a e n a m b u l a n d a n
d e n d a p a l i n g b a n y a k s e r a t u s j u t a r u p i a h
A d a p u n y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n b a r a n g k h s u s u s s e b a g a i m a n a y a n g d i m a k s u d
d a l a m p a s a l 4 5 m e l i p u t i k a y u g e l o n d o n g a n , b a r a n g c u r a h , r e l d a n t e m a k .
c . P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h N o . 4 5 T a h u n 2 0 0 4 T e n t a n g p e r l i n d u n g a n H u t a n ,
P a s a l 1 2 p e r a t u r a n p e m e r i n t a h t e n t a n g p e r l i n d u n g a n h u t a n m a n y a t a k a n b a h w a
" S e t i a p o r a n g y a n g m e n g a n g k u t , m c n g u a s a i a t a u m e m i l i k i h a s i l h u t a n w a j i b
d i l e n g k a p i b e r s a m a - s a m a d e n g a n s u r a t k e t e r a n g a n s a h n y a h a s i l h u t a n " . D e n g a n
d e m i k i a n s e t i a p o r a n g y a n g m e l a k u k a n p e n g a n g k u t a n h a s i l h u t a n m e l a l u i w i l a y a h
l a u t p e r a i r a n l a u t a p a b i l a t i d a k d i l e n g k a p i d e n g a n s u r a t - s u a r a t y a n g s a h d i a n c a m
d e n g a n p i d a n a p e n j a r a p a l i n g l a m a l i m a t a h u n d a n d e n d a p a l i n g b a n y a k s e p u l u h
x x i i l y a r r u p i w l i .
4 . T i n d a k P i d a n a D i w i l a y a h P e r a i r a n L a u t y a n g B e r k a i t a n d e n g a n P e n c e m a r a n
L i n g k u n g a n d a n K o n s e r v a s i S u m b e r D a y a A l a m H a y a t i d a n E k o s i s t e m n y a .
21
P e n g a t u r a n m e n g e n a i t i n d a k p i d a n a d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n y a n g b e r k a i t a n
d e n g a n p e n c e m a r a n l i n g k u n g a n p e n c e m a r a n l i n g k u n g a n d a n k o n s e r v a s i s u m b e r
d a y a a l a i n h a y a t i d a n e k o s i s t e m u y a t e i s e b a i d i d a l a m b e r b a g a i p e i a t u i a n
p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n , d i a n t a r a n y a t e r d a p a t d a l a m :
a. U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g P e l a y a r a n
P a s a l 3 2 5 a y a t ( 1 ) m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a " S e t i a p o r a n g y a n g m e l a k u k a n p e m b u a n g a n
l i m b a h a i r b a l a s , k o t o r a n , s a m p a h a t a u b a l i a n l a i n k e p e r a i r a n d i l u a r k e t e n t u a n
p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n s e b a g a i m a n a d i p i d a n a d e n g a n p i d a n a p e n j a r a
p a l i n g l a m a d u a t a h u n d a n d e n d a p a l i n g b a n y a k t i g a r a t u s j u t a r u p i a h " .
s e d a n g k a n P a s a l 3 2 5 a y a l ( 2 ) m e n y a t a k a n b a l i w a " J i k a p e r b u a t a n t e r s e b u t
m e n g a k i b a t k a n r u s a k n y a l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p a t a u t e r c e m a m y a l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p
d i p i d a n a d e n g a n p i d a n a p e n j a r a p a l i n g l a m a s e p u l u h t a h u n d a n d e n d a p a l i n g
b a n y a k l i m a l a t u s j u t a l u p i a l i .
P a s a l 3 2 6 m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a " S e t i a p o r a n g y a n g m e n g o p e r a s i k a n k a p a l n y a
d e n g a n m e n g e l u a r k a n g a s b u a n g m e l e b i h i a m b a n g b a t a s , d i p i d a n a d e n g a n p i d a n a
p e n j a r a p a l i n g l a m a d u a t a h u n d a n d e n d a p a l i n g b a n y a k t i g a r a t u s j u t a r u p i a h .
P a s a l 3 2 9 m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a " S e t i a p o r a n g y a n g m e l a k u k a n p e n u t u h a n k a p a l
d e n g a n t i d a k m e m e n u h i p e r s y a r a t a n p e r l i n d u n g a n l i n g k i m g a n m a r i t i m e , d i p i d a n a
d e n g a n p i d a n a p e n j a r a p a l i n g l a m a d u a t a h u n d a n d e n d a p a l i n g b a n y a k t i g a r a t u s
j u t a r u p i a h .
b . U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 5 T a h u n 1 9 9 0 T e n t a n g K o n s e r v a s i s u m b e r d a y a a l a m
h a y a t i d a n e k o s i s t e m n y a .
2 2
M e n u r u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g i n i , t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g k o n s e r v a s i s u m b e r
d a y a a l a m h a y a t i d a n e k o s i s t e m n y a d i b a g i a t a s 2 ( d u a ) j c n i s t m d a k p i d a n a , y a i t u
t i n d a k p i d a n a k e j a l i a t a n d a n t i n d a k p i d a n a p e l a n g g a r a n . A d a p u n y a n g t e r m a s u k
k e d a l a m k u a l i f i k a s i t i n d a k p i d a n a k e j a h a t a n d i b i d a n g k o n s e r v a s i s u m b e r d a y a
a l a m h a y a t i d a n e k o s i s t e m n y a a d a l a h t i n d a k p i d a n a s e b a g a i m a n a y a n g d i a t u r
d a l a m p a s a l 4 0 a y a t ( ! ) d a n ( 2 ) , y a k n i p e r b u a t a n a t a u k e g i a t a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n
d e n g a n s e n g a j a y a n g d a p a t m e n g a k i b a t k a n p e r u b a h a n t e r h a d a p k e u t u h a n k a w a s a n
s u a k a a l a m d a n k e u t u h a n z o n a i n t i t a m a n n a s i o n a l s e r t a p e r b u a t a n - p e r b u a t a n
b e r u p a :
1 ) m e n a n g k a p , m e l u k a i , m e m b u n u h , m e n y i m p a n , m e m i l i k i , m e m c l i h a r a ,
m e n g a n g k u t , d a n m e m p e m i a g a k a n s a t w a y a n g d i l i n d u n g i d a l a m k e a d a a n
h i d u p ;
2 ) m e n y i m p a n , m e m i l i k i , m e m e l i h a r a , m e n g a n g k u t , d a n m e m p e m i a g a k a n
s a t w a y a n g d i l i n d u n g i d a l a m k e a d a a n m a t i ;
3 ) m e n g e l u a r k a n s a t w a y a n g d i l i n d u n g i d a r i s u a t u t e m p a t d i I n d o n e s i a k e
t e m p a t l a i n d i d a l a m a t a u d i l u a r I n d o n e s i a ;
4 ) m e m p e m i a g a k a n , m e n y i m p a n a t a u m e m i l i k i k u l i t , t u b u h , a t a u b a g i a n -
b a g i a u l a i n s a t ' . - a y a n g d i l i n d j i i g i a t a u b a r a u g - b a r a n g y a n g d i b u a t d a r i
b a g i a n - b a g i a n t e r s e b u t a t a u m e n g e l u a r k a n n y a d a r i s u a t u t e m p a t d i
I n d o n e s i a k e t e m p a t l a i n d i d a l a m a t a u d i l u a r I n d o n e s i a
5 ) m e n g a m b i i , m e m s a k , m e m u s n a l i k a n , m e m p e m i a g a k a n , m e n y i m p a n a t a u
m e m i l i k i t e l u r d a n a t a u s a r a n g s a t w a y a n g d i l l i n d u n g i .
23
S e d a n g k a n y a n g t e r m a s u k t i n d a k p i d a n a p e l a n g g a r a n d i b i d a n g k o n s e r v a s i s u m b e r
d a y a a l a m h a y a t i d a n e k o s i s t e m n y a a d a l a h t i n d a k p i d a n a s e b a g a i m a n a y a n g d i a t u r
d a l a m p a s a l 4 0 a y a t ( 3 ) d a n ( 4 ) , y a k n i p e r b u a t a n - p e r b u a t a n s e b a g a i m a n a y a n g
t e r m a s u k k e d a l a m t i n d a k p i d a n a k e j a h a t a n d i b i d a n g k o n s e r v a s i s i x m b e r d a y a
a l a m h a y a t i d a n e k o s i s t e m n y a y a n g d i l a k u k a n k a r e n a k e l a l a i n y a .
c . U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 5 t a h u n 1 9 8 3 T e n t a n g Z o n a E k o n o m i E k s k l u s i f I n d o n e s i a
M e n u r u t u n d a n g - u n d a n g i n i , t i n d a k p i d a n a y a n g d i l a k u k a n d i Z o n a e k o n o m i
e k s k l u s i f I n d o n e s i a a d a l a h T i n d a k p i d a n a k e j a h a t a n . A d a p u n m e n g e n a i k e t e n t u a n
p i d a n a d i a t u r d i d a l a m p a s a l 1 6 d a n 1 7 , y a k n i m e l i p u t i t i n d a k p i d a n a k e j a h a t a n
b e r u p a :
1 ) M e l a k u k a n e k s p l o r a s i , e k s p l o i t a s i s u m b e r d a y a a l a m a t a u k e g i a t a n l a i n n y a
u n t u k e k s p l o r a s i d e n g a n t i d a k m e n t a a t i k e t e n t u a n t e n t a n g p e n g e l o l a a n d a n
k o n s e r v a s i y a n g d i t e t a p k a n o l e h P e m e r i n t a h R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a
2 ) M e m b u a t d a n a t a u m e n g g u n a k a n p u l a u - p u l a u b u a t a n a t a u i n s t a l a s i - i n s t a l a s i
a t a u b a n g u n a n - b a n g u n a n l a i n n y a d i Z o n a E k o n o m i E k s k l u s i f I n d o n e s i a d e n g a n
t i d a k b e r d a s a r k a n i z i n d a r i P e m e r i n t a h R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a d a n d i l a k s a n a k a n
3 ) M e l a k u k a n k e g i a t a n p e n e l i t i a n i l m i a h d i Z o n a E k o n o m i E k s k l u s i f I n d o n e s i a
t a n p a p e r s e t u j u a n p e m e r i n t a h i n d o n e s i a d a n d i l a k s a n a k a n t i d a k b e r d a s a r k a n
s y a r a t - s y a r a t y a n g d i t e t a p k a n o l e h P e m e r i n t a h R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a
4 ) D e n g a n s e n g a j a m e l a k u k a n t i n d a k a n - t i n d a k a n y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n r u s a k n y a
l i n g k u n g a n l i i d u p d a n / a t a u t e r c e m a m y a l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p d a l a m Z o n a E k o n o m i
E k s k l u s i f I n d o n e s i a
24
5 ) m e m s a k a t a u m e m u s n a h k a n b a r a n g - b a r a n g b u k t i y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k
m e l a k u k a n t i n d a k p i d a n a t e r s e b u t d i a t a s d e n g a n m a k s u d u n t u k m e n g h i n d a r k a n
t l n d a k a n - t i i i d a k a i i p e n y i t a a n t e r h a d a p b a i a i i g - b a r a n g t e r s e b u t p a d a w a k t u
d i l a k u k a n p e m e r i k s a a n
C. Instansi Yang Berwenang Melakukan Penyidikan Terhadap Tindak
Pidana Tertentu Diwilayah Perairan laut Indonesia
B a h w a d a l a m u p a y a p e n g a m a n a n d a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i w i l a y a h
p e r a i r a n l a u t i n d o n e s i a t e r d a p a t t i g a i n s t a n s i y a n g b e r w e n a n g m e l a k u k a n
p e n y i d i k a n y a n g m a s i n g - m a s i n g d i d u k u n g o l e h u n d a n g - u n d a n g t e r s e n d i r i , k e t i g a
i n s t a n s i t e r s e b u t y a k n i K e p o l i s i a n N e g a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a , T N I A n g k a t a n
L a u t , d a n P e n y i d i k P e g a w a i N e g e r i S i p i l .
1 . W e w e n a n g K e p o l i s i a n R I d a l a m M e l a k u k a n P e n y i d i k a n T e r h a d a p T i n d a k
P i d a n a 1 e r t e n U i D i w i l a y a h P e r a i r a n L a u t i n d o n e s i a
B a h w a f u n g s i k e p o l i s i a n m e m p a k a n s a l a h s a t u f u n g s i p e m e n n t a h a n
n e g a r a d i b i d a n g p e m e l i h a r a a n k e a m a n a n d a n k e t e r t i b a n m a s y a r a k a t , p e n e g a k a n
h u k u m , p e r l i n d u n g a n , p e n g a y o i n a n , d a n p e l a y a n a u k e p a d a m a s y a i a k a t . l i a l i n i
s e b a g a i m a n a d i t e g a s k a n d a l a m p a s a l 1 3 U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o . 2 T a h u n 2 0 0 2
t e n t a n g K e p o l i s i a n N e g a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a , b a h w a t u g a s p o k o k K e p o l i s i a n R l
a d a l a h
1 . m e m e l i h a r a k e a m a n a n d a n k e t e r t i b a n m a s y a r a k a t
2 . M e n e g a k k a n h u k u m
25
3 . m e m b e r i k a n p e r l i n d u n g a n , p e n g a y o m a n d a n p e l a y a n a n k e p a d a
m a s y a r a k a t .
S e l a i n i t u , d a l a m p a s a l 1 4 h u r u f g U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o . 2 T a h u n 2 0 0 2
T e n t a n g K e p o l i s i a n N e g a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n c r . ! : ; , d i k a t a k a n u a i i w a ' ^ k e p o l i s i a n
N e g a r a r e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a b e r t u g a s m e l a k u k a n p e n y e h d i k a n d a n p e n y i d i k a n
t e r h a d a p s e m u a t i n d a k p i d a n a s e s u a i d e n g a n h u k u m a c a r a p i d a n a d a n p e r a t u r a n
p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n l a i n y a " .
W e w e n a n g k e p o l i s i a n s e b a g a i p e n y e l i d i k d a n p e n y i d i k t e r s e b u t s e s u a i
p e n g a t u r a n y a n g t e r d a p a t d a l a m k e t e n t u a n K i t a b U n d a n g - U n d a n g K u k u m A c a r a
P i d a n a ( K U K A P ) , d i m a n a d i d a l a m p a s a l 4 K U H A P d i k a t a k a n , b a h w a P e n y e l i d i k
a d a l a h s e t i a p p e j a b a t P o l i s i N e g a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a . S e d a n g k a n d a l a m p a s a l 6
a y a t ( 1 ) K U H A P , d i k a t a k a n b a h w a p e n y i d i k a d a l a h P e j a b a t P o l i s i N e g a r a
R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a d a n P e j a b a t p e g a w a i n e g e r i s i p i l t e r t e n t u y a n g d i b e r i
w e w e n a n g k h u s u s o l e h U n d a n g - U n d a n g . S e l a i n b e r d a s a r k a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g
k e p o l i s i a n d a n K U H A P w e w e n a n g k e p o l i s i a n d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t j u g a
d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m b e r b a g a i p e r a t u r a n p c r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n l a i n y a y a n g m c n g a t u r
t e n t a n g t i n d a k p i d a n a t e r t e n t u d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t .
P a s a l 7 2 u n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 3 1 t a h u n 2 0 0 4 T e n t a n g P e r i k a n a n
m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a P e n y i d i k a n d a l a m p e r k a r a t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g p e r i k a n a n ,
d i l a k u k a n b e r d a s a r k a n h u k u m a c a r a y a n g b e r l a k u , k e c u a l i d i t e n t u k a n l a i n d a l a m
U n d a n g - U n d a n g i n i . A d a p i m y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n h u k u m a c a r a y a n g b e r l a k u
a d a l a h s e b a g a i m a n a y a n g t e r d a p a t d i d a l a m K i t a b U n d a n g - u n d a n g H u k u m A c a r a
26
P i d a n a ( K U H A P ) , s e d a n g k a n m e n u r u t K U H A P y a n g b e r w e n a n g
m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n s a l a h s a t u n y a a d a l a h P e j a b a t K e p o l i s i a n R e p u b l i k
I n d o n e s i a . S e d a n g k a n p a s a l 7 3 a y a t ( 1 ) u n d a n g - u n d a n g p c i i k a n a n j u g a
m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a P e n y i d i k a n t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g p e r i k a n a n d i l a k u k a n o l e h
P e n y i d i k P e g a w a i N e g e r i S i p i l P e r i k a n a n , P e r w i r a T N I A n g k a t a n L a u t , d a n
P e j a b a t P o l i s i N e g a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a . S e l a i n i t u p a s a l 2 8 2 a y a t ( 1 ) u n d a n g -
u n d a n g N o . 1 7 t a h u n 2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g P e l a y a r a n j u g a m ' ^ m b e r i k a n k e w e n a n g a n
k e p a d a p e j a b a t p o l i s i N e g a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a u n t u k m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n
t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n .
S e l a i n b e r w e n a n g m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g
p e r i k a n a n d a n p e l a y a r a n , K e p o l i s i a n j u g a b e r w e n a n g m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n
t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t i n d o n e s i a y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n
p e n c e m a r a n l i n g k u n g a n d a n k o n s e r v a s i s u m b e r d a y a a l a m h a y a t i d a n
e k o s i s t e m n y a . "^ H a l i n i s e b a g a i m a n a d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m p a s a l 9 4 u n d a n g - u n d a n g
N o . 3 2 t a h u n 2 0 0 9 T e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n L i n g k u n g a n I l i d u p b a h w a K e p o l i s i a n
b e r w e n a n g m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p .
K e w e n a n g a n s e r u p a j u g a d i b e r i k a n o l e h U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 5 T a h u n 1 9 9 0
T e n t a n g k o n s e r v a s i s u m b e r d a y a a l a m h a y a t i d a n e k o s i s t e m n y a . d i m a n a p a s a l 3 9
m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a p e j a b a t k e p o l i s i a n R e p u b l i I n d o n e s i a b e r w e n a n g m e l a k u k a n
p e n y i d i k a n t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g k o n s e r v a s i s u m b e r d a y a a l a m h a y a t i
d a n e k o s i s t e n u i y a .
^ Waluyo Bambang. 2008, P i d a n a dan P e m i d a n a a n . Cet 3. Sinar Grafika,Jakarta.hal 66
27
2 . W e w e n a a g T N I A n g k a t a n L a u t d a l a m M e l a k u k a n P e n y i d i k a n T e r h a d a p T i n d a k
P i d a n a T e r t e n t u D i w i l a y a h P e r a i r a n L a u t I n d o n e s i a
S e c a r a u n i v e r s a l TNI A n g k a t a n L a u t m e m i l i k i t i g a p e r a n y a i t u p e r a n
m i l i t e r , p e r a n p o l i s i o n i l , d a n p e r a n d i p l o m a s i . P e r a n p o l i s i o n i l d i l a k s a n a k a n d a l a m
r a n g k a m e n e g a k k a n h u k u m d i l a u t , m e l i n d u n g i s u m b e r d a y a d a n k e k a y a a n l a u t
n a s i o n a l , s e r t a m e m e l i h a r a k e a m a n a n d a n k e t e r t i b a n d i l a u t . S e c a r a y u r i d i s f o r m a l
k e t i g a p e r a n i n i t e l a h d i i m p l e m e n t a s i k a n d a l a m b e r b a g a i p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g -
u n d a n g a n y a n g m e n g a t u r t e n t a n g t u g a s T N I A n g k a t a n L a u t . ' * * P a s a l 9 U n d a n g -
u n d a n g N o . 3 4 T a h u n 2 0 0 4 t e n t a n g T N I m e n e g a s k a n b a h w a s a l a h s a t u T u g a s T N I
A n g k a t a n L a u t a d a l a h m e n e g a k k a n h u k u m d a n m e n a j g a k e a m a n a n d i w i l a y a h l a u t
y u r i s d i k s i n a s i o n a l s e s u a i d e n g a n k e t e n t u a n h u k u m n a s i o n a l d a n h u k u m
i n t e m a s i o n a l y a n g t e l a h d i r a t i f i k a s i . A d a p u n y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n t u g a s
m e n e g a k k a n h u k u m d a n m e n j a g a k e a m a n a n a d a l a l i s e g a l a b e n t u k k e g i a t a n y a n g
b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i l a u t s e s u a i d e n g a n k e w e n a n g a n T N I
A n g k a t a n L a u t ( c o n s t a b u l a r y f u n c t i o n ) y a n g b e r l a k u s e c a r a u n i v e r s a l d a n s e s u a i
d e n g a n k e t e n t u a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n y a n g b e r l a k u u n t u k m e n g a t a s i a n c a m a n ,
t i n d a k a n k e k e r a s a n , a n c a m a n n a v i g a s i , s e r t a p e l a n g g a r a n h u k u m d i w i l a y a h l a u t
y u r i s d i k s i n a s i o n a l . A d a p u n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m y a n g d i l a k s a n a k a n o l e h T N I
A n g k a t a n l a u t a d a l a h t e r b a t a s d a l a m l i n g k u p p e n g e j a r a n , p e n a n g k a p a n ,
p e n y e h d i k a n , d a n p e n y i d i k a n p e r k a r a y a n g s e l a n j u t n y a d i s e r a h k a n k e p a d a
k e j a k s a a n u n t u k d i l a k u k a n p e n u n t u t a n .
° Sianturi S.R. Asas-Asas Hukum P i d a n a Di Indonesia dan P e n e r a p a n n y a . Alumni AHAEM-PTHAEM. Jakarta. 1986, hal 28
28
P a s a l 2 8 4 a y a t 2 K i t a b U n d a n g - U n d a n g H u k u m A c a r a P i d a n a ( K U H A P ) ,
m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a K U H A P b e r l a k u u n t u k s e m u a t i n d a k p i d a n a , d e n g a n
p c u g c c u a l i a i i u i i t u k s e m e i i t a i a i r i c n g c n a i k e t c u t u a n k l i u s u s a c a r a p i d a n a
s e b a g a i m a n a d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m u n d a n g - u n d a n g t e r t e n t u . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n p a s a l 6
a y a t ( 1 ) K U H A P y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a p e n y i d i k a d a l a h p e j a b a t k e p o l i s i a n d a n
P e j a b a t p e g a w a i n e g e r i s i p i l t e r t e n t u , m a s i h m e m b u k a k e m u n g k i n a n a d a n y a
p e n y i d i k l a i n s e l a i n p e j a b a t k e p o l i s i a n d a n p e j a b a t p e g a w a i n e g e r i s i p i l t e r t e n t u ,
s e p a n j a n g m e n g e n a i p e r k a r a - p e r k a r a K h u s u s y a n g d i a t u r d a l a m u n d a n g - i m d a n g
t e r t e n t u y a n g m e m u a t k e t e n t u a n h u k u m a c a r a p i d a n a t e r s e n d i r i . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n
m a k a d a l a m p e n y e l c s a i a n p e r k a r a t e r t e n t u y a n g d i a t u r d a l a m u n d a n g - u n d a n g
t e r t e n t u d a l a m p e n e r a p a n d a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m n y a m e m u a t a c a r a t e r s e n d i r i
s e b a g a i k c t c n t u a n k h u s u s ( L e x S p c c i a l i s ) . "
P a s a l 9 h u r u f b i m d a n g - i m d a n g N o . 3 4 T a h u n 2 0 0 4 t e n t a n g T N I m e n j a d i
d a s a r w e w e n a a n g T N I A n g k a t a n l a u t d a l a m m e l a k s a n a k a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m
d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t . S e l a i n i t u d a s a r w e w e n a n g T N I A n g k a t a n L a u t d a l a m
m e l a k u k a n p e m b e r a n t a s a n t i n d a k p i d a n a d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t j u g a d i n y a t a k a n
s e c a r a t e g a s d a l a m b e r b a g a i p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n l a i n y a y a n g m e n g a t u r
l e n l a n g w i l a y a l i p e r a i r a n l a u l i n d o n e s i a m a u p u n y a n g m e n g a t u r s e c a r a k h u s u s
m e n g e n a i t i n d a k p i d a n a t e r t e n t u d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t .
M e n u r u t p a s a l 7 3 U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 3 1 t a h u n 2 0 0 4 T e n t a n g P e r i k a n a n ,
s e b a g a i m a n a t e l a h d i p e r b a h a r u i d e n g a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 4 5 t a h u n 2 0 0 9 ,
Sukardi, Penyidikan Tindak P i d a n a T e r t e n t u , Restu Agung, Jakarta, 2009, him. 275
1 29
b a h w a p e n y i d i k a n t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g p e r i k a n a n d i l a k u k a n o l e h P e n y i d i k
P e g a w a i N e g e n S i p i l P e r i k a n a n , P e r w i r a T N I A n g k a t a n L a u t , d a n P e j a b a t P o l i s i
N c g a i a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a . S e l a i n i t u p a s a l 7 3 a y a t ( 2 ) U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 4 5
T a h u n 2 0 0 9 m e m b e r i k a n k e w e n a n g E k s k l u s i f k e p a d a T N I u n t u k m e l a k u k a n
p e n y i d i k a n d i Z o n a E k o n o m i E k s k l u s i f I n d o n e n s i a . W e w e n a n g y a n g s e r u p a j u g a
d i b e r i k a n o l e h u n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 1 7 t a h u n 2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g P e l a y a r a n , d i m a n a
m e s k i p u n p a s a l 2 8 2 a y a t ( 1 ) m e m b e r i k a n k e w e n a n g a n k e p a d a p e j a b a t k e p o l i s i a n
N e g a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s d a n p e j a b a t p e g a w a i n e g e r i s i p i l u n t u k m e l a k u k a n
p e n y i d i k a n t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n , n a m u n p a s a l 3 4 0 U n d a n g -
u n d a n g p e r i k a n a n m e m b e r i k a n k e w e n a n g a n y a n g e k s k l u s i f k e p a d a T N I A n g k a t a n
L a u t u n t u k m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n d i p e r a i r a n Z o n a E k o n o m i E k s k l u s i f i n d o n e s i a .
S e l a i n b e r w e n a n g m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g
p e r i k a n a n d a n p e l a y a r a n , T N I A n g k a t a n L a u t J u g a B e r w e n a n g m e l a k u k a n
p e n y i d i k a n t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n
p e n c e m a r a n l i n g k u n g a n d a n k o n s e r v a s i s u m b e r d a y a a l a m h a y a t i d a n
e k o s i s t e m n y a , d i m a n a p a s a l 3 9 a y a t ( 2 ) u n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 5 T a h u n 1 9 9 0
T e n t a n g k o n s e r v a s i s u m b e r d a y a a l a m h a y a t i d a n e k o s i s t e m n y a , m e n y a t a k a n
b a h w a K e w e n a n g a n p e n y i d i k k e p o l i s i a n d a n p e j a b a t p e g a w a i n e g e r i s i p i l d a l a m
m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g k o n s e r v a s i s u m b e r d a y a
a l a m h a y a t i d a n e k o s i s t e m n y a , t i d a k m e n g u r a n g i k e w e n a n g a n p e n y i d i k
s e b a g a i m a n a y a n g d i a t u r d a l a m U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 5 T a h u n 1 9 8 3 t e n t a n g Z o n a
E k o n o m i E k s k l u s i f I n d o n e s i a d a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r i k a n a n . S e d a n g k a n
m e n u r u t p a s a l 1 4 u n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 5 u T a h u n 1 9 8 3 t e n t a n g Z o n a E k o n o m i
3 0
E k s k l u s i f I n d o n e s i a m e m b e r i k a n k e w e n a n g a n | > e n u h k e p a d a P e r w i r a T N I
A n g k a t a n l a u t u n t u k m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n p e n y i d i k a n d i w i l a y a h Z o n a E k o n o m i
E k s k l u s i f I n d o n e s i a
K e w e n a n g a n . T N I A n g k a t a n l a u t d a l a m M e l a k u k a n p e n e g a k a n H u k u m
d i w i l a y a h P e r a i r a n L a u t j u g a d i p e r k u a t o l e h p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n
l a i n y a y a n g m c n g a t u r m a s a l a h p e r a i r a n i n d o n e i s a s e p e r t i u n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 6
T a h u n 1 9 9 6 t e n t a n g P e r a i r a n I n d o n e s i a , m a u p u n k o n v e n s i - k o n v e n s i i n t e m a s i o n a l
s e p e r t i United Nations Convention on the law of the sea 1 9 8 2 . P a s a l 2 4 u n d a n g -
u n d a n g t e n t a n g P e r a i r a n I n d o n e s i a m e n e g a s k a n b a h w a p e n e g a k a n k e d a u l a t a n d a n
h u k u m d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n I n d o n e s i a , r u a n g u d a r a d i a t a s n y a , d a s a r l a u t d a n t a n a h
d i b a w a h n y a t e r m a s u k k e k a y a a n a l a m y a n g t e r k a n d u n g d i d a l a m n y a s e r t a s a n k s i
a t a s p e l a i i g g a r a n n y a , d i l a k s a n a k a n s e s u a i d e n g a n k e t e n t u a n K o n v e n s i h u k u m
i n t e m a s i o n a l d a n p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n y a n g b e r l a k u . A d a p u n y a n g
d i m a k s u d d e n g a n k o n v e n s i h u k u m i n t e m a s i o n a l s a l a h s a t u n y a a d a l a h K o n v e n s i
P e r s e r i k a t a n D a n g s a - B a n g s a ( P B B ) T e n t a n g I l u k u m L a u t {United Nations
Convention on the law of the sea) 1 9 8 2 y a n g t e l a h d i r a t i f i k a s i d e n g a n u n d a n g -
u n d a n g N o . 1 7 t a h u n 1 9 8 5 . D i m a n a d a l a m a r t i c l e 1 1 1 p a r t ( 5 ) k o n v e n s i h u k u m
l a u t 1 9 8 2 m e n y a t a k a n b a l i w a " T l i e riglit o f h o t p u r s u i t m a y b e e x e r c i s e d o n l y b y
w a r s h i p s o r m i l i t a r y a i r c r a f t , o r o t h e r s h i p s o r a i r c r a f t c l e a r l y m a r k e d a n d
i d e n t i f i a b l e as b e i n g o n g o v e r n m e n t s e r v i c e a n d a u t h o r i z e d t o t h a t e f f e c t " d e n g a n
d e m i k i a n T N I A n g k a t a n l a u t m e n u m t k o n v e n s i i n t e r n a s i o n a l b e r w e n a n g
m e l a k u k a n p e n e g a k a n k e d a u l a t a n n e g a r a d a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m s e s u a i d e n g a n
y u r i s d i k s i n e g e r a d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t .
31
3 . W e w e n a n g P e n y i d i k P e g a w a i N e g e r i S i p i l d a l a m M e l a k u k a n P e n y i d i k a n
T e r h a d a p T i n d a k P i d a n a T e r t e n t u D i w i l a y a h P e r a i r a n L a u t I n d o n e s i a
P a s a l 6 a y a t ( 1 ) K J t a b U n d a n g - u n d a n g H u k u m A c a r a P i d a n a ( K U H A P ) ,
menprtacilfan hahwa p e n y i d i k adnlah
1 . P e j a b a t P o l i s i N e g a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a
2 . P e j a b a t p e g a w a i n e g e r i s i p i l t e r t e n t u y a n g d i b e r i w e w e n a n g k h u s u s o l e h
u n d a n g - U n d a n g
A d a p u n u n d a n g - u n d a n g y a n g d i m a k s u d d a l a m p a s a l 6 a y a t ( 1 ) h u r u f b
d i a t a s i a l a h u n d a n g - u n d a n g t e r t e n t u y a n g m e m u a t h u k u m a c a r a t e r s e n d i r i s e b a g a i
k c t c n t u a n k h u s u s ( l e x s p c s i a l i s ) . W e w e n a n g p e n y i d i k p e g a w a i n e g e r i s i p i l d a l a m
m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n t i n d a k p i d a n a d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t s e c a r a t e g a s
d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m b e r b a g a i p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n y a n g m e n g a t u r b a i k
m e n g e n a i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t i n d o n e s i a m a u p u n m e n g e n a i t i n d a k p i d a n a
t e r t e n t u d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t .
U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 3 1 t a h u n 2 0 0 4 T e n t a n g P e r i k a n a n , s e b a g a i m a n a t e l a h
d i p e r b a h a r u i d e n g a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 4 5 t a h u n 2 0 0 9 , m e m b e r i k a n w e w e n a n g
k e p a d a p e n y i d i k p e g a w a i n e g e r i s i p i l p e r i k a n a n u n t u k m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n
t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a p e r i k a n a n b a i k d i w i l a y a h l a u t t e r i t o r i a l i n d o n e i s a m a u p u n
d i Z o n a E k o n o m i E k s k l u s i f I n d o n e s i a . " B e r d a s a r k a n p a s a l 2 8 2 a y a t ( 1 ) u n d a n g -
u n d a n g N o . 1 7 t a h u n 2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g P e l a y a r a n , p e n y i d i k p e g a w a i n e g e r i s i p i l
" Slamet Soebiyanto, "Keamanan Nasional ditinjau dari Perspektif Tugas TNI Angkatan Laut ", Majalah Patriot, 2007, him. 10.
32
b e r w e n a n g m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n .
S e l a i n i t u , d a l a m l i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g p e n c e m a r a n l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p d a n
k o n s e i v a s i s u m b e r d a y a a l a m h a y a t i d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n l a u t , p e n y i d i k p e g a w a i
n e g e r i s i p i l j u g a d i b e r i w e w e n a n g u n t u k m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n , s e b a g a i m a n a
d i t e g a s k a n d a l a m p a s a l 3 9 a y a t ( 1 ) u n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 5 T a l i u n 1 9 9 0 t e n t a n g
K o n s e v a s i s u m b e r d a y a a l a m h a y a t i d a n e k o s i s t e m n y a , p a s a l 9 4 a y a t ( 1 ) u n d a n g -
u n d a n g N o . 3 2 t a h u n 2 0 0 9 t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n d a n p e n g e l o l a a n l i n g k u n g a n
h i d u p .
A d a p u n y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n p e n y i d i k p e g a w a i n e g e r i s i p i l d a l a m h a l
i n i a d a l a h p e j a b a t p e g a w a i n e g e r i s i p i l t e r t e n t u d i l i n g k u n g a n i n s t a n s i
p e m e r i n t a h y a n g l i n g k u p t u g a s d a n t a n g g u n g j a w a b n y a b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n b i d a n g -
b i d a n g t e r t e n t u y a n g d i b e r i w e w e n a n g s e b a g a i p e n y i d i k . M i s a l n y a p e n y i d i k y a n g
b e i A v e n a n g m e l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n
a d a l a h p e j a b a t p e g a w a i n e g e r i s i p i l d i l i n g k u n g a n i n s t a n s i p e m e r i n t a h y a n g
l i n g k u p t u g a s d a n t a n g g u n g j a w a b n y a d i b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n . B e g i t u j u g a d e n g a n
p e n y i d i k p e g a w a i n e g e r i s i p i l y a n g b e r w e n a n g m e n y i d i k t i n d a k p i d a n a p e r i k a n a n
a d a l a h p e j a b a t p e g a w a i n e g e r i s i p i l p a d a i n s t a n s i p e m e r i n t a h a n y a n g l i n g k u p t u g a s
d a n t : u i g g u n g j a .'. a b n y a b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n b i d a n g p e r i k a n a n .
3 3
B A B I I I
P E M B A H A S A N
A . Pelaksanaan penegakan hukum di laut/maritime terkait dengan tindak
pidana pelayaran di perairan Sumatera Selatan berdasarkan Undang
Undang n o 17 tahun 2008 tentang pelayaran.
P e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i l a u t a d a l a h s u a t u p r o s e s k e g i a t a n p e n a n g k a p a n d a n
p e n y i d i k a n s u a t u k a s u s y a n g t i m b u l s e b a g a i a k i b a t t e r j a d i n y a p e l a n g g a r a n d i l a u t
a t a s k e t e n t i i a n h u k u m y a n g b e r l a k u b a i k k e t e n t u a n h u k u m i n t e n i a s i o n a l m a u p u n
n a s i o n a l , D e n g a n d e m i k i a n s e p a n j a n g i n t e n s i t a s a n c a m a n d i a n g g a p m e n g g a n g g u
t e r t i b d a n k e p e n t i n g a n h u k u m , "'^ m a k a t i n d a k a n y a n g d i a m b i l d a l a m m e n g h a d a p i
a n e a m a n t e r s e b u t a d a l a h b e r u p a p e n e g a k a n h u k u m . L e b i h j a u h l a g i d i n y a t a k a n
b a h w a p e n g e r t i a n u m u m p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i a r t i k a n s e b a g a i s u a t u k e g i a t a n
n e g a r a / a p a r a t n y a b e r d a s a r k a n k e d a u l a t a n n e g a r a d a n a t a u b e r d a s a r k a n k e t e n t u a n -
k e t e n l u a n h u k u m i n l e i i m s i o n a l a g a r p e r a t u r a n h u k u m y a n g b e r l a k u d i l a u t , b a i k
a t u r a n h u k u m n a s i o n a l m a u p u n a t u r a n h u k u m i n t e m a s i o n a l d a p a t d i i n d a h k a n a t a u
d i t a a t i o l e h s e t i a p o r a n g d a n a t a u b a d a n h u k u m d a n n e g a r a s e b a g a i s u b y e k
h u k u m . D i d a l a m p e l a k s a n a a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i l a u t y a n g d i m a k s u d d i s i n i
a d a l a h u p a y a u n t u k m e l a k u k a n k e g i a t a n d a n o p e r a s i k e a m a n a n l a u t y a n g
" Direktur Kepolisian Perairan Polda NTB, KOMBES POL I Wayan Supartha,SIK,
tentang Laporan Bulanan Direktorat Kepolisian Perairan Polda NTB, Buian Desember 2012,
Lembar
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d i l a k u k a n o l e h i n s t a n s i - i n s t a n s i p e m e r i n t a h s e p e r t i ( P o l A i r , T N I A L , S e a A n d
C o u s d G a u d , S y a h b a n d a r , B e a C u k a i , I m i g r a s i d l l ) s e s u a i d e n g a n t u e a s p o k o k d a n
f u n g s i s e i t a k e w e n a n g a n m a s i n g - m a s i n g b e i d a s a i k a n p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g -
u n d a n g a n y a n g b e r l a k u . D a l a m P a s a l 3 U n d a n g u n d a n g N o m o r 8 1 T a h u n 2 0 0 5
T e n t a n g B a k o r k a m l a d i n y a t a k a n b a h w a t u g a s B a k o r k a m l a a d a l a h
m e n g k o o r d i n a s i k a n p e n j o i s u n a n k e b i j a k a n d a n p e l a k s a n a a n k e g i a t a n o p e r a s i
k e a m a n a n l a u t s e c a r a t e r p a d u .
P e n g e r t i a n k e g i a t a n k e a m a n a n l a u t a d a l a h s e g a l a u p a y a d a n t i n d a k a n
t e r e n c a n a y a n g d i s e l e n g g a r a k a n s e c a r a r u t i n d a n f u n g s i o n a l o l e h m a s i n g m a s i n g
i n s t a n s i s e s u a i l i n g k u p t u g a s p o k o k d a n f u n g s i n y a d a l a m r a n g k a p e n j a g a a n ,
p e n g a w a s a n , p e n c e g a h a n d a n p e n i n d a k a n p e l a n g g a r a n h u k u m , s e r t a k e s e l a m a t a n
p e l a y a r a n d a n p e n g a m a n a n t e r h a d a p a k t i v i t a s m a s y a r a k a t d a n p e m e r i n t a h d i
w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n I n d o n e s i a . Y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n o p e r a s i k e a m a n a n l a u t a d a l a h
u p a y a d a n t i n d a k a n t e r e n c a n a y a n g d i s e l e n g g a r a k a n s e c a r a k h u s u s d a n u n t u k
s a s a r a n a t a u t u j u a n t e r t e n t u o l e h m a s i n g - m a s i n g i n s t a n s i y a n g b e r w e n a n g ( o p e r a s i
k e a m a n a n l a u t m a n d i r i ) d a n / a t a u o l e h d u a a t a u l e b i h i n s t a n s i s e c a r a b e r s a m a
( o p e r a s i k e a m a n a n l a u t b e r s a m a ) d a l a m r a n g k a p e n j a g a a n , p e n g a w a s a n ,
p e n c e g a h a n d a n p e n i n d a k a n p e l a n g g a r a n h u k u m , s e r t a k e s e l a m a t a n p e l a y a r a n d a n
p e n g a m a n a n t e r h a d a p a k t i v i t a s m a s y a r a k a t d a n p e m e r i n t a h d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n
I n d o n e s i a .
P e l a k s a n a a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i l a u t i n i d i l a k s a n a k a n s e c a r a k o r d i n a t i f
b a i k d i t i n g k a t p u s a t m a u p u n d a e r a h y a n g d i l a k s a n a k a n s e s u a i d e n g a n k e t e n t u a n
3 5
P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h N o m o r 8 1 T a h u n 2 0 0 5 T e n t a n g B a d a n K o o r d i n a s i
K e a m a n a n L a u t P a s a l 5 b e r b u n y i s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
1 . D i t i n g k a t p u s a t d i b e n t u k s u a t u b a d a n u n t u k b e i k o o i d i i i a s i . K o i d i i i a s i i n i
d i l a k u k a n o l e h K o o r d i n a s i K e a m a n a n d i L a u t ( B A K O R K A M L A ) .
2 . D i t i n g k a t d a e r a h / w i l a y a h d i b e n t u k K o m a n d o O p e r a s i o n a l y a i t u S A T G A S
K A M L A s e r t a P O K G A S I G ' V M L A , y a n g m e m p u n y a i w e w e n a n g m e n g e n d a l i k a n
o p e r a s i o n a l t e r h a d a p k e g i a t a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i l a u t .
3 . D i l a p a n g a n ( t i n g k a t p e l a k s a n a a n ) d i b e n t u k s a t u a n t u g a s y a n g s e c a r a l a n g s u n g
m e l a k s a n a k a n k e g i a t a n o p e r a s i o n a l p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i l a u t
4 . U n s u r - u n s u r y a n g d i o p e r a s i k a n o l e h s a t u a n t u g a s y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i b e b e r a p a
b a d a n y a n g m a s i n g - m a s i n g m e m p u n y a i w e w e n a n g p a t r o l i t e r b a t a s . K o r d i n a s i
k e a m a n a n l a u t t e r s e b u t d i t e n t u k a n b e r d a s a r k a n k e p u t u s a n b e r s a m a M e n t e r i
P e r t a h a n a n / k e a m a n a n / P A N G A B , M e n t e r i P e r h u b u n g a n , M e n t e r i K e u a n g a n ,
M e n t e r i K e h a k i m a n d a n J a k s a A g u n g s e b a g a i m a n a t e l a h d i s e b u t k a n d a l a m
p e m b a h a s a n m e n g e n a i L a n d a s a n H u k u m d a l a m p e l a k s a n a a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m .
B e r d a s a r k a n p e n g e r t i a n d i a t a s , m a k a p e l a k s a n a a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i l a u t
a d a l a h k e g i a t a n - k e g i a t a n y a n g m e l i p u t i p e n g a w a s a n , p e n g h e n t i a n k a p a l t e r m a s u k
m e n a i k i k a p a l (hoarding) d a n p e m e r i k s a a n (investigasi dan impeksf), d a n
p e n y i d i k a n a p a b i l a t e r d a p a t t i n d a k p i d a n a , s e d a n g k a n p e n y e l c s a i a n l e b i h l a n j u t
d i l a k s a n a k a n d i d a r a t .
D a e r a h p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i l a u t b a g i I n d o n e s i a m e n c a k u p b e r b a g a i
d a e r a h l a u t d e n g a n b e r b a g a i r e z i m h u k u m y a n g b e r b e d a , s e s u a i d e n g a n j u d u l d a n
36
l i n g k u p m a t e r i n y a , m a k a d a e r a h l a u t y a n g m e n j a d i o b y e k p e n e l i t i a n d i b a t a s i p a d a
p e r a i r a n I n d o n e s i a . " * ' *
P e r a i i a i i I n d o n e s i a m e l i p u t i l a u t t e r i t o i i a l , p e i a i i a i i p e d a l a m a n d a n p e r a i i a n
k e p u l a u a n . :
a ) L a u t t e r i t o r i a l I n d o n e s i a a d a l a h l a j u r l a u t s e l e b a r d u a b e l a s m i l l a u t y a n g g a r i s
l u r u s n y a d i u k u r t e g a k l u r u s d a r i g a r i s d a s a r a t a u t i t i k p a d a g a r i s d a s a r t e r d i r i d a r i
g a r i s - g a r i s l u r u s y a n g m e n g h u b u n g k a n t i t i k t i t i k t e r l u a r p a d a g a r i s a i r r e n d a h d a r i
p a d a p u l a u a t a u b a g i a n p u l a u y a n g t e r l u a r w i l a y a h I n d o n e s i a .
b ) P e r a i r a n p e d a l a m a n I n d o n e s i a i a l a h s e m u a p e r a i r a n y a n g t e r l e t a k p a d a s i s i d a r a t
d a r i g a r i s a i r r e n d a h d a r i p a n t a i - p a n t a i I n d o n e s i a , t e r m a s u k k e d a l a m a n n y a s e m u a
b a g i a n d a r i p e r a i r a n y a n g t e r l e t a k p a d a s i s i d a r a t d a r i g a r i s - g a r i s p e n u t u p . P e r a i r a n
p e d a l a m a n i n i t e r d i r i d a r i l a u t p e d a l a m a n d a n p e r a i r a n d a r a t a n . :
" L a u t p e d a l a m a n a d a l a h b a g i a n l a u t y a n g t e r l e t a k p a d a s i s i d a r a t d a r i g a r i s
p e n u t u p , p a d a s i s i l a u t d a r i g a r i s a i r r e n d a h . P e r a i r a n D a r a t a n a d a l a h s e g a l a
p e r a i r a n y a n g t e r l e t a k p a d a s i s i d a r a t d a r i g a r i s a i r r e n d a h . ' ^
c ) P e r a i r a n k e p u l a u a n i a l a h s e m u a p e r a i r a n y a n g t e r l e t a k p a d a s i s i d a l a m g a r i s
p a n g k a l l u r u s k e p u l a u a n t a n p a m e m p e r h a t i k a n k e d a l a m a n a t a u j a r a k n y a d a r i
p a n t a i . ' ^ P e r a i r a n k e p u l a u a n i n i a d a k a r e n a U N C L O S 1 9 8 2 m e n g a k u i r e z i m
h u k u m n e g a r a k e p u l a u a n - s e c a r a k h u s u s . S e b a g a i k o n s e k u e n s i n y a s e g a l a p e r a i r a n
d i s e k i t a r , d i a n t a r a d a n y a n g m e n g h u b i m g k a n p u l a u - p u l a u a t a u b a g i a n p u l a u p u l a u
" Prakoso DJoko, P e m b a h a r u a n Hukum P i d a n a Di indonesia. Liberty, Yogyakarta. 1987, hat 87
Boer Mauna, Hukum Internasional, Peranan dan Fungsi Dalam Era Dinamika Global, Alumni, Bandung, 2000, hal 360
Nbid.
37
y a n g t e r m a s u k d a r a t a n n e g a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a d e n g a n t i d a k m e m p e r h i t u n g k a n
l u a s a t a u l e b a m y a m e r u p a k a n b a g i a n i n t e g r a l d a r i w i l a y a h R l s e h i n g g a
m e r u p a k a n b a g i a n d a i i p e r a i r a n I n d o n e s i a y a n g b e r a d a d i b a w a h k e d a u l a t a n
n e g a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a . ' ^
K e w e n a n g a n y a n g d i m a k s u d d i s i n i z . Z J . ^ \ kwwwiionyaii h u k u m , y a i m
t i n d a k a n - t i n d a k a n u n t u k m e n g a m b i i k e b i j a k s a n a a n a t a s h a k - h a k y a n g d i g u n a k a n
u n t u k m e l a k u k a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i l a u t . * ^
S e c a r a g a r i s b e s a r , k e w e n a n g a n i n s t a n s i - i n s t a n s i y a n g t e r k a i t d a l a m p e l a k s a n a a n
p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i l a u t / m a r i t i m e k h u s u s n y a d i b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n m e l i p u t i :
a ) p e n y e h d i k a n d a n p e n y i d i k a n
b ) p e n u n t u t a n , d a n
c ) p e m e r i k s a a n d i s i d a n g p e r a d i l a n
S e t e l a h d i u n d a n g k a n n y a U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 p e n g a t u r a n
m e n g e n a i T i n d a k P i d a n a d i b i d a n g P e l a y a r a n t e r d a p a t d a l a m p a s a l 2 8 4 s a m p a i
d e n g a n p a s a l 3 3 6 , d i m a n a c a k u p a n p e n g a t u r a n y a l e b i h b a n y a k d i t e k a n k a n p a d a
b i d a n g - b i d a n g y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n p e m i a g a a n , p e r i z i n a n , d a n p e n g a n g k u t a n .
M e s k i p u n d e m i k i a n , t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n m e n u r u t u n d a n g -
u n d a n g p e l a y a r a n t i d a k h a n y a d a p a t d i l a k u k a n o l e h m a n u s i a s e b a g a i s u b j e k
h u k u m , t e t a p i j u g a d a p a t d i l a k u k a n o l e h k o r p o r a s i . H a l i n i s e b a g a i m a n a
d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m p a s a l 3 3 3 u n d a n g - u n d a n g p e l a y a r a n , b a h w a " T i n d a k p i d a n a d i
Ibid, hal 359
Didik Heru Pumomo, Pengamanan Laut Rl Bagian Barat, Jurnal Hukum Intemasional,
Desember 2004, hal 32
38
b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n d i a n g g a p d i l a k u k a n o l e h k o r p o r a s i a p a b i l a t i n d a k p i d a n a
t e r s e b u t d i l a k u k a n o l e h o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g b e r t i n d a k u n t u k d a n / a t a u a t a s n a m a
k o i p o i a s i a t a u u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n k o r p o r a s i , b a i k b e r d a s a r k a n h u b u n g a n k e r j a
m a u p u n h u b u n g a n l a i n , b e r t i n d a k d a l a m l i n g k u n g a n k o r p o r a s i t e r s e b u t b a i k
s e n d i r i m a u p u n b e r s a m a - s a m a "
D i m a n a p e n y i d i k a n , p e n u n t u t a n , p e m i d a n a a n t e r h a d a p l i n d a k p i d a n a d i
b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h k o r p o r a s i d a p a t d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p
k o r p o r a s i m a u p u n p e n g u r u s n y a . S e l a i n i t u p e n j a t u h a n p i d a n a d e n d a j u g a d a p a t
d i b c r b c r a t s a m p a i 3 k a l i p e n j a t u h a n d e n d a y a n g d i a t u r d a l a m u n d a n g - u n d a n g
p e l a y a r a n . M e s k i p u n t e r d a p a t p e r l u a s a n s u b j e k d a l a m u n d a n g - u n d a n g p e l a y a r a n ,
a k a n t e t a p i u n d a n g - u n d a n g p e l a y a r a n t i n d a k m e n g a t u r m e n g e n a i t i n d a k p i d a n a
p e m b a j a k a n s e b a g a i m a n a y a n g d i a t u r d i d a l a m K U H P .
D a l a m P a s a l 1 U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 8 t a h u n 1 9 8 1 t e n t a n g K U H A P
p e n g e r t i a n P e n y e l i d i k a n a d a l a h s e r a n g k a i a n t i n d a k a n p e n y e l i d i k u n t u k m e n c a r i
d a n m e n e m u k a n s u a t u p e n s t i w a y a n g d i d u g a s e b a g a i t i n d a k p i d a n a g u n a
m e n e n t u k a n d a p a t a t a u t i d a k n y a d i l a k u k a n p e n y i d i k a n m e n u r u t c a r a y a n g d i a t u r
d a l a m u n d a n g - u n d a n g i n i .
D a l a m p e n y e l i d i k a n d i l a k u k a n o p e r a s i l a u t s e h a r i - h a r i ( k e a m a n a n l a u t )
m e l a l u i p c n g c n d a l i a n / p c n g a w a s a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h i n s t a n s i - i n s t a n s i
p e m e r i i i t a l i s e p e r t i ( P o l A i r , T N I A T , S e a A n d C o u s d G a u d , S y a h b a n d a r )
s e b a g a i m a n a d i m a k s u d d a l a m P a s a l 2 8 3 a y a t 2 U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 1 7 T a h u n
2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g p e l a y a r a n .
39
P a s a l 1 K U H A P m e r u m u s k a n p e n y i d i k a n s e b a g a i s e r a n g k a i a n p e n y i d i k a n
d a l a m h a l d a n m e n u r u t c a r a y a n g d i a t u r d a l a m K U H A P u n t u k m e n c a r i s e r t a
m e n g u i i i p u l k a n b u k t i , y a n g d e n g a n b u k t i t e r s e b u t m e m b u a t t e t a n g ( j c l a s ) t e n t a n g
t i n d a k p i d a n a y a n g t e r j a d i d a n g u n a m e n e m u k a n t e r s a n g k a n y a .
D a l a m p e n a n g a n a n t i n d a k p i d a n a d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n S u m a t e r a s e l a t a n
t e r k a i t d e n g a n t i n d a k p i d a n a p e l a y a r a n y a n g d i a t u r d a l a m U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 1 7
t a h u n 2 0 0 8 t e n t a n g p e l a y a r a n , d i k e n a l d e n g a n p e n y i d i k a n l a n j u t a n a d a l a h p r o s e s
h u k u m a t a u t i n d a k a n l a n j u t a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h p e n y i d i k k h u s u s n y a p a d a
k e s a t u a n D i t P o l A i r , T N T A L d a n P P N S t e r t e n t u d a r i D i t j e n I l u b l a y a i t u
S y a h b a n d a r d a n P e n j a g a a n L a u t D a n P a n t a i (Sea And Coast Guard) b e r d a s a r k a n
P a s a l 2 8 2 a y a t ( 1 ) U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g p e l a y a r a n
k e p a d a o r a n g y a n g d i d u g a k u a t t e l a h m e l a k u k a n t i n d a k p i d a n a p a d a s a a t
p e m e r i k s a a n / p e n y e l i d i k a n o l e h a w a k k a p a l p a t r o l i n e g a r a u n t u k s e l a n j u t n y a
d i s e r a h k a n k e p a d a p e n u n t u t u m u m . D a l a m h a l p e n y i d i k a n t i n d a k p i d a n a d i
l a u t / m a r i t i m e t i d a k m e n g e n a i Locits Deiicty k a r e n a a p a b i l a p e n a n g a n a n t i n d a k
p i d a n a d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n m e n g a c u p a d a Locus Deiicty, m a k a a k a n t e r j a d i
k e s u l i t a n d a l a m p r o s e s h u k u m d i t i n g k a t s e l a n j u t n y a ( p e n u n t u t a n d a n p e r a d i l a n )
d a l a m a r t i k a p a l / t e r s a n g k a d a p a t d i b a w a k e p e l a b u h a n a t a u p a n g k a i a n y a n g
t e r d e k a t d e n g a n c a r a d i k a w a l a t a u d i Adhock d a n s e l a n j u t n y a p r o s e s p e r k a r a n y a
d i l a k s a n a k a n o l e h s a t g a s K a m l a / P o k G a s K a m l a s e t e m p a t .
D a l a m P a s a l 1 a y a t 1 U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 1 6 T a h u n 2 0 0 4 t e n t a n g
K e j a k s a a n R I , a p a r a t p e n e g a k h u k u m y a n g t u g a s u t a m a n y a s e b a g a i p e n u n t u t
u m u m a d a l a h k e j a k s a a n . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n k e w e n a n g a n p e n u n t u t a n a d a l a h
40
w e w e n a n g y a n g d i b e r i k a n o l e h U n d a n g u n d a n g N o m o r 8 T a h u n 1 9 8 1 K U H A P
U R t u k m e l a k u k a n p e n u n t u t a n d a n m e l a k s a n a k a n p e n e t a p a n h a k i m .
P e m e r i k s a a n d i s i d a n g p e n g a d i l a n x n e n m u t P e i a t u i a n P e i n e i i n t a l i N o m o r
8 1 T a h u n 2 0 0 5 t e n t a n g B a k o r k a m l a t e r d i r i d a r i :
a. P e n g a d i l a n M a h k a m a h P e l a y a r a n y a n g m e m p u n y a i w e w e n a n g m e m e r i k s a
k a s u s k e c e l a k a a n k a p a l d i m a n a p r o s e s p e r a d i l a n n y a d i t a n g o n i o l e h H a k i m
M a h k a m a h P e l a y a r a n s e b a g a i m a n a y a n g d i m a k s u d d a l a m P a s a l 2 5 2 u n d a n g
u n d a n g n o m o r 1 7 t a h u n 2 0 0 8 t e n t a n g p e l a y a r a n .
b . P e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i y a n g m e m p u n y a i k e w e n a n g a n b a d a n p e r a d i l a n i n i j u g a
m e n c a k u p k a s u s - k a s u s t i n d a k p i d a n a d a n p e l a n g g a r a n d i l a u t , d i m a n a p r o s e s
p e n u n t u t a n n y a o l e h j a k s a , p e m b e l a a n n y a o l e h p e n g a c a r a d a n p u t u s a n n y a b e r a d a
p a d a H a k i m P e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i s e b a g a i m a n a y a n g d i m a k s u d d a l a m P a s a l 8 5 d a n
8 6 U U N o . 8 t a h u n 1 9 8 1 t e n t a n g H u k u m A c a r a P i d a n a .
B e r d a s a r k a n S u r a t E d a r a n M a k a m a h A g u n g ( S E M A ) N o m o r 8 T a h u n
1 9 8 3 T e n t a n g P e r m i n t a a n p e n e t a p a n w e w e n a n g m c n g a d i l i P e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i
t e r h a d a p k a s u s - k a s u s p e r k a r a p e l a n g g a r a n w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n ( K e a m a n a n l a u t )
y a i t u :
" D a l a m r a n g k a m e m b a n t u k e l a n c a r a n p e n y e l c s a i a n k a s u s - k a s u s p e l a n g g a r a n / t i n d a k p i d a n a y a n g t e r j a d i d i l a u t / w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n y u r i s d i k s i N e g a r R . I . y a n g t e r t a n g k a p o l e h k a p a l p e r a n g / k a p a l p a t r o l i K e a m a n a n l a u t , y a n g p r o s e s p e r k a r a n y a d i s e r a h k a n k e p a d a p e t u g a s K e a m a n a n l a u t d i p a n g k a i a n y a n g t e r d e k a t u n t u k k e m u d i a n d i s e r a h k a n k c K e j a k s a a n N e g e r i , y a n g s e l a n j u t n y a a k a n d i l i m p a h k a n b e r k a s p e r k a r a i t u k e P e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i s e t e m p a t t a n p a m e m p e r h a t i k a n a p a k a h l o c u s d e l l c t i n y a t e r m a s u k d a l a m w e w e n a n g P e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i t e r s e b u t . " ' ^
19 Barda Nawawi Arief, Bunga Rampai Kebijakan hukum Pidana, PT. Citra Aditya Bakti,
Bandung, 1996, hal 28.
41
B. Penerapan Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pelayaran di
Sumatera Selatan.
P e n e r a p a n p i d a n a y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h p e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i K e l a s 1
P a l e m b a n g , t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a p e l a y a r a n d i p e r a i r a n S u m a t e r a S e l a t a n p a d a
u m u m n y a d i j a t u h i h u k u m a n p i d a n a p e n j a r a y a n g l e b i h ringan d i b a n d i n g d e n g a n
k e t e n t u a n d a l a m P a s a l 3 1 2 j o P a s a l 1 4 5 d a n P a s a l 3 1 0 j o P a s a l 1 3 5 U n d a n g
u n d a n g N o m o r 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 t e n t a n g p e l a y a r a n d a l a m b e n t u k t a b l e s e b a g a i
b e r i k u t :
Tabcl . Penerapan pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana pelayaran dalam
praktck dipengadilan Negeri Kelas 1 Palembang (2009-2010).
N o / J c n i s K e j a h a t a n d a n B a r a n g B u k t i / T u n t u t a n ( J P U ) / B e s a r H u k u m a n
1 . S A I F U L L A H G O B E L p a s a l 3 1 2 Jo p a s a l 1 4 5 U U No. 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 t e n t a n g
P e l a y a r a n .
- l U n i t k a p a l
- I b u a h b u k u s i j i l
- I B u a h D o k . K a p a l
p i d a n a p e n j a r a s e l a m a 8 b u l a n d e n g a n m a s a p e r c o b a a n s e l a m a 1 t a h u n d a n d e n d a
s e b e s a r R p 2 j u t a L i m a r a t u s s u b s i d e r 2 b u l a n k u r u n g a n p i d a n a p e n j a r a s e l a m a
4 b u l a n d e n g a n m a s a p e r c o b a a n s e l a m a 8 b u l a n d a n d e n d a s e b e s a r R p 1 j u t a
s u b s i d e r 1 b u l a n k u r u n g a n
2 . M. YUSUP CATUR SUGIHARTO p a s a l 3 1 0 Jo p a s a l 1 3 5 U U No. 1 7 T h
2 0 0 8 T t g P e l a y a r a n .
42
- 1 U n i t k a p a l
- I B u a h B u k u S i j i l
- I B u a l i A w a k K a p a l
P i d a n a p e n j a r a s e l a m a 1 t a h u n d e n g a n m a s a p e r c o b a a n s e l a m a 2 t a h i m d a n d e n d a
s e b e s a r R p 4 j u t a s u b s i d a i r 4 b u l a n k u r u n g a n . p i d a n a p e n j a r a s e l a m a 6 b u l a n
d e n g a n m a s a p e r c o b a a n s e l a m a 1 t h d a n p i d a n a d e n d a s e b e s a r R p 2 j u t a s u b s i d e r 2
b u l a n k u r u n g a n
3 H U S E N A HAMID p a s a l 3 1 2 J o p a s a l 1 4 5 U U N o . 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 t e n t a n g
P e l a y a r a n .
- l U n i t k a p a l
- I B u a h B u k u S i j i l
- I b u a h S u r a t K c c a k a p a n
- I B u a h B u k u A w a k K a p a l P i d a n a p e n j a r a s e l a m a 1 ( s a t u ) t a h u n d e n g a n m a s a
p e r c o b a a n 2 ( d u a ) t a h u n d e n d a R p 5 j u t a s u b s i d a i r 6 b u l a n k u r u n g a n . p i d a n a
p e n j a r a s e l a m a 1 0 B u l a n d e n g a n m a s a p e r c o b a a n s e l a m a 1 t a h u n 6 b u l a n d a n
d e n d a s e b e s a r R p 2 j u t a l i m a r a u s s u b s i d e r 1 B u l a n k u r u n g a n
S u m b e r D a t a : P e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i k e l a s 1 P a l e m b a n g .
T e r h a d a p p u t u s a n - p u t u s a n p e n g a d i l a n d i a t a s , m e n u r u t p e n d a p a t p e n y u s u n
p e n j a t u h a n p i d a n a y a n g d i j a t u h k a n o l e h h a k i m d a l a m p r o s e s p e n e g a k a n h u k u m
t e n t a n g t i n d a k p i d a n a p e l a y a r a n y a n g t e r j a d i d i w i l a y a h p e r a i r a n S u m a t e r a s e l a t a n
p a r a p e l a k u d i v o n i s d e n g a n h u k u m a n y a n g p a l i n g t i n g g i 1 0 ( s e p u l u h ) B u l a n
d e n g a n m a s a p e r c o b a a n s e l a m a 1 ( s a t u ) t a h u n 6 ( e n a m ) b u l a n d e n g a n d e n d a
p a l i n g t i n g g i R p . 2 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 , s u b s i d e r 6 b u l a n k u r u n g a n , j a u h l e b i h r i n g a n j i k a
43
d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n k e t e n t u a n p i d a n a y a n g t e r c a n t u m d a l a m P a s a l 3 1 2 j o P a s a l
1 4 5 U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 17 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 t e n t a n g p e l a y a r a n a d a l a h p i d a n a
p a l i n g l a m a 2 ( d u a ) t a l i u n d a n d e n d a p a l i n g b a n y a k R p 3 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 , 0 0 ( t i g a r a t u s
j u t a r u p i a h ) .
K a s u s t i n d a k p i d a n a p e l a y a r a n t e r c a t a t a d a 3 k a s u s s e j a k t a h u n 2 0 0 9
s a m p a i 2 0 1 0 y a n g t e l a h m e n d a p a t k e p u t u s a n d a r i P e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i P a l e m b a n g
y a n g m e n a n g a n i k a s u s t e r s e b u t . M e l a k u k a n p e l a y a r a n s e c a r a i l l e g a l y a n g
m e l a n g g a r t e r h a d a p P a s a l 3 1 0 J o P a s a l 1 3 5 U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 1 7 T a h u n
2 0 0 8 y a n g b e r b u n y i " S e t i a p o r a n g y a n g m e m p e k e i j a k a n A w a k K a p a l t a n p a
m e m e n u h i p e r s y a r a t a n k u a l i f i k a s i d a n k o m p e t e n s i " d a n P a s a l 3 1 2 j o P a s a l 1 4 5
U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 t e n t a n g p e l a y a r a n y a n g b e r b u n y i " S e t i a p
o r a n g y a n g m e m p e k e i j a k a n s e s e o r a n g d i k a p a l d a l a m j a b a t a n a p a p u n t a n p a d i s i j i l
d a n t a n p a m e m i l i k i k o m p e t e n s i d a n k e t e r a m p i l a n s e r t a d o k u m e n p e l a u t y a n g
d i p e r s y a r a t k a n . "
44
BAB IV
PENUTUP
A. Kesimpulan
D a r i h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n d a n p e m b a h a s a n d a p a t d i s i m p u l k a n b a h w a :
1 . p e l a k s a n a a n p e n e g a k a n h u k u m d i l a u t / m a r i t i m e t e r k a i t d e n g a n t i n d a k
p i d a n a p e l a y a r a n d i p e r a i r a n S u m a t e r a S e l a t a n d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n
t a h a p p e n y e l i d i k a n , p e n y i d i k a n , p e n u n t u t a n d a n p e m e r i k s a a n d i s i d a n g
p e n g a d i l a n .
2 . p e n e r a p a n p i d a n a d a l a m p e l a k s a n a a n n y a d i j a t u h i h u k u m a n p i d a n a p e n j a r a
4 s a m p a i d e n g a n 1 0 b u l a n d a n d e n d a s e b e s a r R p 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 , 0 0 -
2 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 , 0 0 y a n g l e b i h ringan d i b a n d i n g d e n g a n k e t e n t u a n p i d a n a
p e n j a r a y a n g t e r c a n t u m d a l a m P a s a l 3 1 2 j o P a s a l 1 4 5 d a n P a s a l 3 1 0 j o
P a s a l 1 3 5 U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 t e n t a n g p e l a y a r a n
a d a l a h p i d a n a p e n j a r a p a l i n g l a m a 2 ( d u a ) t a h i m d a n d e n d a p a l i n g b a n y a k
R p 3 0 0 . 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 ( t i g a r a t u s j u t a r u p i a h ) .
B> Saran
D a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i p e n y u s u n m e m b e r i k a n s a r a n h e n d a k n y a i n s t a n s i y a n g
l i n g k u p t u g a s d a n t a n g g u n g j a w a b n y a d i b i d a n g p e l a y a r a n i t u s e c a r a a k t i f
m e l a k u k a n p e n y e l i d i k a n d a n p e n y i d i k a n t e r h a d a p t i n d a k p i d a n a d i b i d a n g
p e l a y a r a n s e r t a d i h a r a p k a n k e p a d a A p a r a t P e n e g a k h u k u m u n t u k s e c a r a t e g a s
m e m b e r i k a n h u k u m a n y a n g s e t i m p a l a g a r m e m b e r i k a n e f e k j e r a k e p a d a p e l a k u
45
D A F T A R P U S T A K A
1. Buku-buku
A n d i H a m z a h , 2 0 0 4 , Asas-asas Hukum Pidana. R i n e k a C i p t a , J a k a r t a .
A n d i H a m z a h , 2 0 0 2 , Pemberantasan Korupsi Ditinjau Dari Hukum Pidana,
P u s a t S t u d i H u k u m P i d a n a U n i v e r s i t a s T r i s a k t l , J a k a r t a .
A l l M a h r u s , 20\\, Dasar-Dasar Hukum Pidana. C e t 1 , S i n a r G r a f i k a , J a k a r t a .
A r i e f , B a r d a N a w a w i , 1 9 7 4 , Pemidanaan. Masalah-masalah hukum N o . 1 6 F H
U N D I P , S e m a r a n g .
B o e r M a u n a , Hukum Internasional, Peranan dan Fungsi Dalam Era Dinamika
Global, A l u m n i , B a n d u n g , 2 0 0 0 .
D i d i k H e r u P u m o m o , P e n g a m a n a n L a u t R l B a g i a n B a r a t , J u m a l H u k u m
I n t e r n a s i o n a l , 2 0 0 4 .
H a t r i k H a m z a h . 1 9 9 6 , Asas Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi Dalam Hukum
Pidana Indonesia, R a j a G r a f i n d o , J a k a r t a .
M a i k a s B e s a r T N I A n g k a l a n L a u t , 2 0 0 8 . " P e r a n a n T N I A n g k a l a n L a u l D a l a m
M e n a n g g u l a n g i i l l e g a l . U n r e p o r t e d d a n U n r e g u l a t e d F i s h i n g " , J a k a r t a ,
M o e l j a t n o . 2 0 0 2 , Asas-asas Hukum Pidana. C e t 7 , P T . R i n e k a C i p l a . J a k a r t a .
S a l e h R o e s l a n . 1 9 8 2 , Perbuatan Pidana dan Pertanggungjawaban Pidana:Dua
Pengertian Dasar Dalam Hukum Pidana, A k s a r a B a m , J a k a r t a .
S i a n t u r i S . R . 1 9 8 6 , Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia dan Penerapannya,
A l u m n i . \ H \ E M - P T H A E M . J a k a r t a .
46
S l a m e t S o e b i y a n t o , 2 0 0 7 , " K e a m a n a n N a s i o n a l d i t i n j a u d a r i P e r s p e k t i f T u g a s
T N I A n g k a t a n L a u t " , M a j a l a h P a t r i o t , J a k a r t a .
S u k a i d i . 2 0 0 9 . Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Ter tentu, R e s t u A g u n g , J a k a i l a .
S o e r j o n o S o e k a n t o , 2 0 0 1 , Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar, R a j a G r a f i n d o P e r s a d a ,
J a k a r t a .
P . A . F . L a m i n t a n g , 1 9 9 7 , Dasar-dasar Hukum Pidana Indonesia, C i t r a A d i t y a
B a k t i , B a n d u n g .
P r a k o s o D j o k o , 1 9 8 7 , Pembaharuan Ilukum Pidana Di Indonesia. L i b e r t y ,
Y o g y a k a r t a .
W a l u y o B a m b a n g . 2 0 0 8 , Pidana dan Pemidanaan, C e t 3 . S i n a r G r a f i k a , J a k a r t a .
2. W e b s i t e
h t t p : / / w w w . i n f o k a p a l . W o r d p r e s s . c o m d i a k s e s t a n g g a l 0 2 m a r e t 2 0 1 6
h t t p : / / w w w . B a k o r k a m l a . g o . i d d i a k s e s t a n g g a l 0 5 m a r e t 2 0 1 6
3. P c r a t u r a n - p c r a t u r a n
U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 2 7 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 T e n t a n g P e r u b a h a n K i t a b U n d a n g -
U n d a n g H u k u m P i d a n a .
U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 8 T a h u n 1 9 8 1 T e n t a n g K i t a b U n d a n g - U n d a n g
H u k u m A c a r a P i d a n a ,
U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 2 T a h u n 2 0 0 2 T e n t a n g K e p o l i s i a n N e g a r a R L
U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 4 8 T a h u n 2 0 0 9 t e n t a n g K e h a k i m a n .
U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 1 6 T a h u n 2 0 0 4 t e n t a n g K e j a k s a a n R I .
U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g P e l a y a r a n .
P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h N o m o r 8 1 T a h u n 2 0 0 5 T e n t a n g B a d a n k o o r d i n a s i
K e a m a n a n L a u t .
K e p u t u s a n M e n t e r i P e r h u b u n g a n N o . 7 0 T a h u n 1 9 9 8 T e n t a n g P e n g a w a k a n
K a p a l N i a g a .
K e p u t u s a n M e n t e r i P e r h u b u n g a n N o . 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 0 T e n t a n g P e d o m a n
P e n a n g a n B a h a n / T i a r a n g B e r b a h a y a D a l a m K e g i a t a n P e l a y a r a n D i I n d o n e s i a .
K e p u t u s a n M e n t e r i P e r h u b u n g a n N o . 4 T a h u n 2 0 0 5 T e n t a n g P e n c e g a h a n
P e n c e m a r a n D a r i K a p a l .
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG
FAKULTAS HUKUM
REKOMENDASI DAN PROPOSAL SKRIPSI
N a m a
N I M
P r o g r a m S t u d i
P r o g r a m K e k h u s u s a n
J u d u l
O t o n j u t i i s t y a w a n
5 0 2 0 1 2 3 0 6
I l m u H u k u m
H u k u m P i d a n a
P E R T A N G G U N G J A W A B A N P E N G E M U D I K A P A L M O T O R Y A N G M E N G A L A M I K E C E L A K A A N D I P E R A I R A N M U S I P A L E M B A N G
I . R e k o m e n d a s i K e t u a P r o d i I l m u H u k u m
a. R e k o m e n d a s i
b . U s u i P e m b i m b i n g . 1 LuiC m^/^u(f. ^f^f
P a l e m b a n g A p r i l 2 0 1 6
K e t u a P r o d i I l m u H u k u m
M u l y a f l i T a n z i U , S H . , M H .
I I . P e n e t a p a n P e m b i m b i n g S k r i p s i o l e h W a k i l D e k a n 1 ,
1 . k.^.L..^AlSl}lMd,!.LH Hp .
P E R M O H O N A N U N T U K M E N G I K U T I S E M I N A R P R O P O S A L
P a l e m b a n g , A p r i l 2 0 1 6
P e r i h a l
K e p a d a
: M o h o n u n t u k d i l a k s a n a k a n S e m i n a r p r o p o s a l p e n e l i t i a n s k r i p s i
: Y t h . B a p a k / I b u K e t u a B a g i a n D a s a r D a s a r I l m u h u k u m F a k u l t a s H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h D i P a l e m b a n g
A s s a l a m u ' a l a i k u m w r . w b
S a y a y a n g b e r t a n d a t a n g a n d i b a w a h i n i N a m a : O t o n j u n i s t y a w a n
B a h w a y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n T e l a h l a y a k m e n g i k u t i s e m i n a r p r o p o s a l p e n e l i t i a n s k r i p s i d e n g a n j u d u l :
P E R T A N G G U N G J A W A B A N N A H K O D A K A P A L M O T O R Y A N G M E N G A L A M I K E C E L A K A A N D I P E R A I R A N M U S I P A L E M B A N G
M o h o n k i r a n y a b e r s a n g k u t a n u n t u k d i j a d w a l k a n m e n g i k u t i s e m i n a r p r o p o s a l p e n e l i t i a n s k r i p s i . D e m i k i a n l a h a t a s p e r k e n a n B a p a k / I b u d i u c a p k a n t e r i m a
N I M P r o g r a m S t u d i P r o g r a m K e k h u s u s a n
: 5 0 2 0 1 2 3 0 6 : I l m u H u k u m : H u k u m P i d a n a
k a s i h .
P e m b i m b i n g S k r i p s i ,
H J . L u l l M a k n u n , S H . , M H
PERSETUJUAN UNTUK MENGIKUTI SEMINAR PROPOSAL
: O t o n j u n i s t y a w a n
: 5 0 2 0 1 2 3 0 6
: I l m u H u k u m
: H u k u m P i d a n a
P E R T A N G G U N G J A W A B A N N A H K O D A
K A P A L M O T O R Y A N G
M E N G A L A M I K E C E L A K A A N
D I P E R A I R A N M U S I P A L E M B A N G
P a l e m b a n g , A p r i l 2 0 1 6
D i s e t u j u i
P e m b i m b i n g S k r i p s i
H i . L u i l M a k n u n . S H . J V I H
K e t u a B a g i a n D a s a r D a s a r I l m u H u k u m
M u l v a d i T a n z i l i . S H . , M H
N a m a
N I M
P r o g r a m S t u d i
P r o g r a m K e k h u s u s a n
j u d u l p e n e l i t i a n
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG
FAKULTAS HUKUM
L a m p i r a n P e r i h a l K e p a d a
: O u t l i n e S k i i p s i : P e n u l i s a n S k r i p s i : Y t h . B a p a k / I b u K e t u a P r o d i I l m u H u k u m U M P D i P a l e m b a n g
A s s a l a m u ' a l a i k u m w r . w b
S a y a y a n g b e r t a n d a t a n g a n d i b a w a h i n i N a m a : O t o n j u n i s t y a w a n
P a d a s e m e s t e r g a n j i l t a h u n k u l i a h 2 0 1 5 - 2 0 1 6 s u d a h m e n y e l e s a i k a n b e b a n s t u d i y a n g m e l i p u t i M P K , M K K , M K B , M P B , M B B ( 1 3 9 S K S ) . D e n g a n i n i m e n g a j u k a n p e r m o h o n a n u n t u k p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i d e n g a n j u d u l : P E R T A N G G U N G J A W A B A N N A H K O D A K A P A L M O T O R Y A N G M E N G A L A M I K E C E L A K A A N D I P E R A I R A N M U S I P A L E M B A N G D e m i k i a n l a h a t a s p e r k e n a n B a p a k d i u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h .
N I M P r o g r a m S t u d i P r o g r a m K e k h u s u s a n
: 5 0 2 0 1 2 3 0 6 : I l m u H u k u m : H u k u m P i d a n a
P a l e m b a n g A p r i l 2 0 1 6
P e m o h o n .
O t o n j u n i s t y a w a n
R e k o m e n d a s i P . A . Y b s : ^ SwUi ^Mfw o t t k Mfij jjusuvi %Wcv
H J . S u s i a n a K i f l i , S H . , M H
U N l V b K S l l A N M U H A M M A U l I A^n r A i ^ n i V i D A i N C j
FAKULTAS HUKUM
K A R T U A K T I F I T A S B I M B I N G A N S K R I P S I
N A M A M A H A S I S W A :
O T O N J U N I S T Y A W A N
N O M O R I N D U K M A H A S I S W A :
5 0 2 0 1 2 3 0 6
P R O G R A M S T U D I :
I L M U H U K U M
P R O G . K E K H U S U S A N :
H U K U M P I D A N A
J U D U L S K R I P S I :
P E R T A N G G U N G J A W A B A 1 4 N A H K O D A K A P A L M O T O R Y A N G M E N G A L A M I K E C E L A K A A N D I P E R A I R A N M U S I P A L E M B A N G
P E M B I M B I N G :
H j . L U I L M A K N U N , S H . , M H
N O T A N G G A L K O N S U L T A S I
M A T E R I Y A N G D I B I M B I N G
T A N D A T A N G A N P E M B I M B I N G
K E T
/.
1"^-- 0^- /felt /te:. /Ms* I U
^ < * r E ^ 3
VSL ^ Z
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG
FAKULTAS HUKUM
N O T A N G G A L K O N S U L T A S I
M A T E R I Y A N G D I B I M B I N G
T A N D A T A N G A N P E M B I M B I N G
"X'
ID
7
CATATAN:
MOHON DIBERI WAKTU MENYELESAIKAN SKRIPSI BULAN SEJAK TANGGAL DIKELUARKAN DITETAPKAN
D I K E L U A R K A N D I P A L E M B A N G P A D A T A N G G A L A P R I L 2 0 1 6 K E T U A m O D H L M U H U K U M ,
MULYADI TANZILI ,S .H. ,M.H.
