BUKU AJAR MATERIAL POLIMER DAN KOMPOSIT

PERKULIAHAN 1JURUSAN TEKNIK MATERIAL DAN METALURGI

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRIINSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER (ITS) SURABAYA

2010

Dr. Eng. Hosta Ardhyananta, S.T., M.Sc.NIP. 19801207 2005 01 1 004

PERKENALAN Dosen Mahasiswa

KONTRAK KULIAH Peraturan Kelas Kelulusan Tujuan Pembelajaran / Kompetensi Pustaka / Sumber Belajar Rencana Pembelajaran / Pokok Bahasan Kuliah ini menggunakan metode pembelajaran Student

Centred Learning (SCL): Mahasiswa sebagaiPusat/Pelaku Pembelajaran, pembelajaran secara dialog interaktif, media pembelajaran menggunakan teknologiinformasi dan komputer (information and computer technology)

Metode Pembelajaran: Ulang-Ulik (Tinjauan berulang-ulang materi perkuliahan dan membahasnya kembalisekaligus mengaitkan dengan ilmu lain)

PERATURAN KELAS Peraturan Akademik ITS Etika : Baju, Sepatu, Buku Catatan Kuliah,

Kehadiran, Keterlambatan. Bahasa Pengantar: Bahasa Inggris

KELULUSAN

10Kerja mandiri

Bobot (%)Jenis Penilaian

25Tugas dan Presentasi 2

25Evaluasi Akhir Semester

25Evaluasi Tengah Semester

15Tugas dan Presentasi 1

BobotHurufAngka

1,0D40-55

3,5AB71-79

2,5BC61-643,0B65-70

2,0C56-60

4,0A80-100

E 00-39

Nilai

Lulus 4 tahun (8 semester) Lulus Cum Laude Penilaian dan tugas

Tujuan Pembelajaran: Mahasiswa memahami jenis-jenis, sifat fisik dan

mekanik polimer Mahasiswa mampu menganalisis komposit

(matriks dan penguat) dan sifat mekanikkomposit.

Kompetensi: Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan konsep dasar,

struktur, sifat-sifat dan klasifikasi polimer. Mahasiswa mampu menghitung batas dan

kriteria komposit Mahasiswa mampu menganalisis, merancang

komposit lamina dan laminat.

RENCANA PEMBELAJARAN Sifat-sifat polimer Konsep komposit polimer. Matriks, fiber dan komposit. Modifikasi laminat dan mekanika makro

laminat. Strength of laminat, fatigue dan fracture

laminat, kriteria kegagalan laminat.

SUMBER BELAJARPustaka Utama Fred W Billmeyer, Jr, Textbook of Polymer Science,

John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1971.Pustaka Penunjang Robert M Jones, Mechanics of Composites Materials,

Mc Graw Hill Book Company, New York. Ger Challa, Polymer Chemistry An Introduction, Ellis

Horwood, New York. John McMurry, Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry,

Thomson Learning, California, 2003. Joel R Fried, Polymer Science and Technology,

Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1995 Jurnal: www.sciencedirect.com Dan lain-lain

JURNAL INTERNASIONAL/ TULISAN ILMIAH/

JURNAL PENELITIAN

Example: Polymer, 50 (2009) 5959-5969Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

POLYMER(POLIMER)

BASIC CONCEPTS OF POLYMER SCIENCE Plastics, fibers, elastomers, rubber, wool, cellulose, etc Polymer is a large molecule built up by the repetition of

small, simple chemical units (repeat unit).monomermonomer

dimerdimer

trimertrimer polymerpolymer

Schematic ilustrationUntuk Pemahaman : perhatikan struktur/susunan pada karet gelang

The repeat unit is equivalent to monomer or starting material Length of polymer chain is number of repeat units in the chain, which is called degree of polymerization (DP).

Molecular weight of polymer is product of molecular weight of repeat unit and DP.

Molecular weight of useful plastics, rubbers or fibers is in between 10.000 and 1.000.000

Properties of polymer depend on its molecule size.

To understand the basic concept of polymer, we observe the synthesis of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)

Question : explain the synthesis of PVC and calculate the molecular weight of the polymer with DP = 1000?

Answer:1. Monomer:

chemical structure: CH2=CHClmolecular weight (Mw) = 63

2. Polymer: Chemical structure: -(CH2-CHCl)-nMw = 63 x 1000 = 63.000

3. Addition polymerization

Some example of polymers : polyethylene, poly(vinylchloride), polystyrene, polycaprolactam (6-nylon), polyisoprene (natural rubber)

Carefully pay attention to the chemical structure of polymer, monomer and the repeat unit and MEMORIZED it. START WITH PE structure

Look at the difference of chemical structure of polyethylene (PE) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) : only replacing hydrogen with chlor

H C C H( )n

H H

H H

H C C H( )n

H H

H Cl

Table 1. Some Linear High Polymers, Their Monomers, and Their Repeat Units

CH2 CH2

CH2 CH CH2 CH HH ( )n

H CH2 CH2 H( )n

NH (CH2)5 HH ( )nC

O

NH (CH2)5 OHH C

O

CH2 CH C CH2

CH3

CH2 CH C CH2

CH3

( )n

HH

CAN YOU RECOGNIZE !?

Polymerization processes The processes of polymerization were divided by Flory

(1953) and Carothers (Mark 1940) into two groups which are condensation and addition polymerization, or in more precise terminology, step-reaction and chain-reaction polymerization

Condensation or step-reaction polymerization is condensation reaction between two polyfunctionalmolecules with elimination of small molecule such as water, etc.

Addition or chain-reaction polymerization is chain reaction of between monomers, vinyl monomer. Chain carrier may be an ion or a reactive substance with unpaired electron called free radical. A free radical is formed by decomposition of unstable material called initiator.

Homochain polymers is polymer contain only carbon atoms in the main chain.

Heterochain polymer is polymer contain not only carbon atoms.

Polymer structure term

H C C H( )n

H H

H Cl

main chain / backbone

side group / pendant group

end group

Drawing polymer structure using Chem Draw software program

For understanding: read and explain of polymer journal below

Molecular weight and its distribution Length of chain is determined by random event In step reactions, the chain length is determined by local

availability of reactive groups at the ends of the growing chains

In radical polymerization, chain length is determined by the time of the growing chain

Polymeric product contains molecules having many different chain lengths (distribution of molecular weights)

The distribution can be illustrated by plotting the amount of polymer against molecular weight

Through knowledge of Avogadros number, the information leads to number-average molecular weight*, lies near the peak.

The next higher average molecular weight that can be measured by absolute methods is the weight-average molecular weight**

There is N molecule

Branched and Network Polymers Molecule of polymer could be linear-chain, branched

chain, or crosslinked or network structure Branch chain is as a result of side reactions during

polymerization Crosslinked structure is formed as in the use of

monomers containing more than two reactive groups. For example, glycerol is substituted for ethylene glycol in the reaction with dibasic acid

In commercial practice, we know thermosetting resins and thermoplastic

Fig. 1. Schematic representation of branched and network polymers

To understand the structure of polymers : explain the schematic illustration of polymer structure below

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