Nama : Nesha MutiaraKelas : X. MIA 4Subyek : Bahasa Inggris Peminatan

Tugas : Peristiwa sekitar Proklamasi

Preposition

First, We’d like to thank to God Almighty. Without His hands’ help, sure enough we couldn’t finish this assignment on time. And then, we’d like to thank to people who have supported us in English.

In this assignment, We’d like to inform you about the events that happened in August 6th, 9th, 16th, and 17th.

Finally,we hope this assignment could add your knowledge about the history of the Indonesia’s Independence and events that happened before it – which is related too.

We’re sorry for the deficit, and we very appreciate if you’d like to criticize or give some suggestions.

Regards,

List

August 6th, 1945..........................................................................................

August 9th, 1945..........................................................................................

August 14th, 1945........................................................................................

August 16th, 1945........................................................................................

August 17th, 1945.........................................................................................

September 19th, 1945 ...................................................................................

October 15th, 1945.........................................................................................

December 10th, 1945.....................................................................................

December 19th, 1945.....................................................................................

December 12th – 15th, 1945............................................................................

November 10th, 1945......................................................................................

August 6th, 1945

A city named Hiroshima, which is in Japan, has been bombed by U.S.A. ‘s military. This tragedy happened during the World War II. This little city was chosen after 67 other cities in Japan was bombed too. The U.S.A. ‘s military chose Hiroshima to be the 68th because during the World War II, Hiroshima was seldom got attacks from the U.S.A. ‘s military. However, the status of the city as the Japan’s headquarter make it as an ideal target. Hiroshima was famous as the biggest harbour in Japan, too.

A nuclear weapon named “ Little Boy “ was dropped in Hiroshima at 8:00 A.M. ( time in Japan ). That deadly weapon was brought by B – 29 Flying Superfortress which is named Enola Gay. Enola Gay was driven by Paul W. Tibbets, at approximately 9.450 meters or 31.000 feet ( height ). The “ Little Boy “ exploded at 8:15 A.M. when it reached 550 meters height. To drop this bomb, the plane should fly high and the bombers must have a high adrenaline. As the result, 14.000 people died because of the radiation effect that caused leukimia, cataracs, and bleeding. Not just killing the people, but the bomb was also damages the air. The air became unstable and the radio waves which is useful for communication was disturbed too. The mushroom shaped cloud flew high on to the sky and stayed for some hours.

Although the pilot and the bombers did their jobs as the nation’s patriots,they were still feeling guilty for what they have done. The pilot wrote to his diary, he wrote : “ God, what we have done? “

August 9th, 1945

A city named Nagasaki, which is in Japan, has been bombed by U.S.A. ‘s military too. This city is the 69th target. A “ Fat Man “ nuclear bomb was dropped to Nagasaki at 8:00 A.M. too, and exploded at 8:15 A.M. too.

“ Fat Man “ nuclear bomb was dropped by B – 29 Flying Superfortress plane too. The bomb cause a giant mushroom shaped cloud too in the sky. It disturbed the cleanliness of the air and the radio waves. It caused 8.000 people died with same cause like in Hiroshima.

Actually, Nagasaki was not the main target. Kokura was the potential target that was chosen with Kyoto and Nigata. Nagasaki was chosen to replace Kyoto. Kyoto itself was chosen because of religion excuse which is supporting the pattern of Japan’s military.

Meanwhile, the third target, Nigata, was erased from the list because it is too far from the Philippines headquarter, the place of the planes take off. Finally, the target changed to be Nagasaki because U.S.A. ‘s military erased Kokura from their list.

Nagasaki is an industrious city, which is it’s shipping is advance. But this city is not a favourite city to be bombed because this city has been bombed for five times in twelve months. Tragically, Nagasaki was chosen again after suffered for five times.

August 14th, 1945

Japan surrendered unconditionally to the Troops. The army and Marine Army of Japan was still had the control of Indonesia because Japan has promissed to return Indonesia to the Troops. Sutan Sjahrir, Wikana, Darwis, and Chaerul Saleh heard this news via BBC radio. After hearing rumors about Japan would surrendered, the junior forced the senior to proclaim Indonesia’s Independence as soon as possible. But the senior didn’t want to get in hurry. They didn’t want to make many people die again because of the proclamation. Then, consultation was held in PPKI meeting. The junior didn’t agree with that meeting, because PPKI is an office which is built by Japan. They wanted to get freedom by Indonesian people, not by Japan.

Soekarno and Hatta came to head of Japan military ( Gunsei ) to earn information at his office at Koningsplein ( Medan Merdeka ). But the office was empty.

Soekarno and Hatta with Achmad Subardjo came to Bukanfu office, Tadashi Maeda at Imam Bonjol Street Number 1. Maeda welcomed their visit and congratulated them on their succeed in Dalat, Vietnam. He answered that he has not received confirmation and was still waiting instructions fromTokyo. AS they came back from Maeda’s, Soekarno and Hatta were hurry to prepare a meeting of PPKI at 10:00 A.M. on August 16th.

August 16th, 2015

Rengasdengklok event is a kidnapping event which is done by some youths. Soekarni, Wikana, and Chaerul Saleh from the Menteng 31 association to Soekarno and Hatta. This event happened at 03.00 WIB. Soekarno and Hatta were brought to Rengasdengklok, Karawang, West Java, and then they were forced to faster the proclamation of Indonesia’s Independence, until there were agreement between the senior people,which was delegated by Soekarno, Hatta, and Achmad Subardjo and the junior people – discussed about the date of the proclamation will be held.

To face that pressure, Soekarno and Hatta didn’t change their principe. Meanwhile in Jakarta, Chairul and his friends had arranged plans to get back the freedom. But what they have planned didn’t work properly because not all of the PETA’s participants support that plan. In Rengasdengklok, the proclamation text was arranged in a Chinese man’s house, Djiaw Kie Siong. The red and white flag was also has been raised on Thursday, August 16th 1945 to prepare the proclamation of Indonesia’s Independence.

Because Soekarno and Hatta didn’t get news from Jakarta, so Jusuf Kunto was sent to Jakarta to discuss with the youths. But as he arrived at Jakarta, Kunto just met Wikana and Mr. Achmad Subardjo, then Kunto and Mr. Achmad Subardjo went to Rengasdengklok to pick up Soekarno, Hatta, Fatmawati, and Guntur. Achmad Subardjo invited Soekarno to go to Jakarta to read the proclamation text at Pegangsaan Timur Street Number 56. Late at night on August 16th, they arrived at Jakarta.

The proclamation of Indonesia’s Independence were planned to be held on Friday, August 17th 1945 at Ikada Square or at Soekarno’s residence at Pegangsaan Timur Street Number 56. The Soekarno’s residence was chosen because at Ikada Square has been spread the news about the event of the proclamation, so the Japanese armies have been arrived there and fully armed.

August 17th, 1945

The discussion between the junior people and the senior people in arranging proclamation text of Indonesia’s Independence was held at 2:00 – 4:00 A.M. The proclamation text was written at the dining room of Tadashi Maeda’s house at Imam Bonjol Street Number 1. The arrangers are Soekarno, Mohammad Hatta, and Achmad Subardjo. The concept of the proclamation text was written by Soekarno itself. At the guest room, there are B. M. Diah, Sayuti Melik, Soekarni, and Soediro. Soekarni gave an idea to Soekarno and Hatta to sign the proclamation text for the name of Indonesia. The proclamation text was typed by Sayuti Melik. The typing machine was borrowed from the Marine Army Headquarter of Germany. In the morning, at Soekarno’s residence, there were Soewirjo, Wilopo, Gafar Pringgodigdo, Tabrani, and Trimurti. The event started at 10:00 A.M. with the reading of proclamation text by Soekarno and continued with raising the red and white flag by Latief Hendraningrat and S. Suhud. The red and white flag was hand sewn by Fatmawati, Soekarno’s wife. Then, all of the participants sang the national anthem “ Indonesia Raya “ spontaneously.

After the ceremony finished, less than 100 people which are the members of Barisan Pelopor that was headed by S. Brata came in rush – because they didn’t know about the change of the place from Ikada Square to Soekarno’s residence. They insisted Soekarno to repeat the reading of proclamation text but Soekarno refused. Finally, Hatta gave them a short message.

September 19th, 1945

After the proclamation of Indonesia’s Independence and the release of Soekarno’s government announcement on August 31th 1945 – that instructed since September 1st 1945, the Indonesia’s national flag, red and white, raised all over Indonesia, the movement of the raising of Indonesia’s national flag was spreading all over Surabaya City.

In some strategic places and the other places, the Indonesia’s national flag was raised.Some of those places are Gedung Kantor Karasidenan,with the following of the marching of youths from all over Indonesia who brought Indonesia’s national flag came to Tambaksari to attend a huge meeting which was rooted by the Barisan Pemuda Surabaya.

During the meeting, the field was full of people who brought red and white flag, and they shouted “ Merdeka ! “ The Kempetai has forbidden that meeting, but still The Kempetai didn’t succeed to edn up the meeting.

At 9:00 P.M. some Dutches came and raised the Nedherland’s national flag – under command of W. V. Ch. Ploegman, without the agreement of Surabaya’s government. The flag was raised on the top of the Yamato Hotel’s part. That movement has made Surabaya’s people very mad, because it means they underestimated the Independence of Indonesia.

A few minutes later, the residents of Sudirman and some patriots who was guided by Sidik and Hariyono, approached some people who surrounded Yamato Hotel. They asked W. V. Ch. Ploegman to discussed about the raising of the national flag in a meeting room. Suddenly, W. V.Ch. Ploegman didn’t want to admit the Indonesia’s Independence – and it made the situation became not conducife. W. V. Ch. Ploegman became angry and tried to shoot Sudirman, but suddenly died because of killed by Sidik, and then Sidik was killed to by W. V. Ch. Ploegman’s guard.

Outside the meeting room, all of the youths knwe about the fight. They forced to get in to the hotel, with Hariyono and Kusno Wibowo, they climb up

to the top of the part of Yamato Hotel. They tore the blue fabric, so the raising flag on the top of Yamato Hotel became red and white.

October 15th 1945

A day before the fight, a Japanese deniel fled away – then some youths of the hospital got instruction to check a Japanese car who passed through the Purasara Hospital. They seized Kempetai’s car and seized their weapon too. In the evening, the youths became active to find Japanese armies and then put them in Penjara Bulu. Around 9:00 P.M. , a full armied Japaneses suddenly attacked and disarmed eight special polices who were supervising water source for Semarang’s people Reservoir Siranda at Candilama. The eight polices were tortured and were brought to the Kidobutai’s headquarter at Jatingaleh. In the same evening, spread out news that Japanese armies have put in some poison into the reservoir.

As the head of Purasara Hospital, Dr. Kariadi wanted to make sure about the news. Unfortunately, when he was on the way to the reservoir, he was shot by Japanese armies at Pandanaran Street. Around 11:30 P.M. he was brought to the hospital, but unluckily, his life couldn’t be saved.

December 10th, 1945

On December 1st, the troops put a board which was written : “ Fixed Boundaries Medan Area “ in some roadsides of Medan. Nine days later, the troops and NICA fully attacked Medan. On April 1946, the troops were succeed occupying Medan. For temporary, the headquarter of Medan’s people struggle was moved to Siantar. On August 1946, the commandants met and decided to form Komando Resimen Laskar Rakyat to strenghtenthe fight in Medan. After the meeting, on August 19th in Kabanjahe, has formed Barisan Pemuda Indonesia ( BPI ) and the named changed into Komando Resimen Laskar Rakyat in Tanah Karo branch, headed by Matang Sitepu.

To continue against the troops, Komando Resimen Laskar Rakyat keep attacking in Medan. The fight happened in almost all over Sumatra, such as : Berastagi, Padang, Bukittinggi, and Aceh.

December 19th, 1945

Since December 13th 1945, the British Troops have damaged Bekasi, West Java. More than 3.000 houses were burnt by British Troops. This incident has got criticism from all over the world.

This incident happened because the British Troops wanted to revenge about the falling Dakota plane in Cakung, East Jakarta. That plane brought 25 personels who were catched by Indonesia’s armies. Due to that situation, the British Troops exported announcement to not kill the deniels. If this announcement is not responsed, so Bekasi will be finished out.

But for unknown reason, the deniels were killed, and quickly the British Troops attacked Bekasi when they know about this. They enter Bekasi through Pondok Gede, East Jakarta, by huge tanks. Many people dead as the result of the attack.

March 23rd, 1946

On October 12th 1945, British armies headed by MacDonald arrived in Bandung. He insisted the people except police and TKR to give their weapons to the British Troops. At night of November 21st 1945, TKR and patriots attacked British Troops in north Bandung. Three days later, MacDonald gave announcement to Bandung’s governer to empty north Bandung and give all of the weapons they have.

But for some reason, the governer and the people didn’t want to give their town to the British Troops, nor the weapons. In the same day, they prepared to run away to the mountain side. They needed to pack up quickly in eight hours before they burn the city. Finally, when the British Troops arrived, they just got burning debris and empty residents.

December 12th – 15th, 1945

On October 20th 1945, Troops headed by Bethel arrived at Ambarawa, south from Semarang, Central Java. They came to take care of the Japanese deniels and internees. At the first, the Central Java’s governer accepted the Troops and promised will provide food as long as the Troops wouldn’t disturb the Indonesia’s Independence.

Unfortunately, when NICA arrived in Ambarawa and Magelang to let free the internees and deniels, they forbade the promise. It made Indonesian people got mad, and formed a huge battle in Magelang. Luckily, Soekarno was succeed to calmdown the situation. Quietly, NICA and the troops fled away to Ambarawa. Because of this, Residu Kedu Tengah decided to chase them, and made the troops and NICA couldn’t run away and stucked in Jambu Village.

On November 23rd, the shooting incident between Indonesia’s armies and NICA was happening after the sun raised. This incident happened in Margo Agung Street. On December 12th, Soedirman headed the fight against NICA. One and half hour later, the street which connects Ambarawa and Semarang was fully controlled by Indonesia’s armies. After four days fighting, Indonesia finally succeed got back Ambarawa and kicked off NICA.

November 10th, 1946

In the end of August, the British government sent Lord Killearn toindonesia to finish the negoitation between Indonesia and Nedherland. On October 14th, the negotiation produced an armistice.In this negotiation, Indonesia was represented by Sutan Sjahrir, Nedherland was represented by general committee, and Lord Killearn as the mediator. The negotiation was held in Linggarjati, near Kuningan, West Java – so this negotiation is named Linggarjati Negotiation.

This negotiation produced 17 sections, there are :

1. Nedherland admits de facto for Republic of Indonesia’s area, there are : Java, Sumatra, and Madura.

2. Nedherland has to leave Republic of Indonesia before the first of January 1949.

3. Nedherland and Indonesia make a deal to form Republic of Indonesia United ( RIS ).

4. In RIS form, Indonesia has to join to Commonwealth Indonesia – Nedherland with the queen of Nedherland as the head.