PERANCANGAN MESIN PENCACAH JERAMI

UNTUK PAKAN TERNAK

Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Sebagai Salah Satu Prasyarat Untuk Mendapatkan

Gelar Sarjana Teknik

Oleh :

TAUFAN EGA NUGRAHA

NIM: 201110120311056

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2017

Taufan Ega Nugraha. (2017). Perancangan Mesin Pencacah Jerami Untuk Pakan Ternak.

Teknik mesin. Fakultas Teknik. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Pembimbing (1) Ir. Herry

Suprianto, MT (2) Ir. Ali Saifulah, MT .

ABSTRAK

Jerami adalah hasil samping usaha pertanian berupa tangkai dan batang

tanaman serealia yang telah kering, setelah biji-bijiannya dipisahkan. Massa jerami kurang lebih

setara dengan massa biji-bijian yang dipanen. Jerami memiliki banyak fungsi, di antaranya

sebagai bahan bakar, pakan ternak, alas atau lantai kandang, pengemas bahan pertanian

(misal telur), bahan bangunan (atap, dinding, lantai), mulsa, dan kerajinan tangan. Jerami

umumnya dikumpulkan dalam bentuk gulungan, diikat, maupun ditekan. Mesin baler dapat

membentuk jerami menjadi gulungan maupun kotak. (wikipedia)

Metode perancangan yang digunakan melalui beberapa tahapan, berikut tahapannya: 1)

Mencari data perancangan meliputi konsep membuat desain mesin, mencari data tentang rumput

gajah, dan spesifikasi motor penggerak. 2) melakukan study literatur meliputi pengkajian

terhadap alat pencacah serupa yang ada dipasaran. 3) perancangan sistem pencacah yang

meliputi spesifikasi dimensi pisau, dudukan pisau, poros, bantalan, puli, dan v-belt. 4)

perancangan rangka dan sambungan meliputi konstruksi rangka yang sesuai, pemilihan material

yang digunakan serta sambungan untuk menyatukan rangka. 5) melakukan pengecekan meliputi

pemeriksaan hasil perancangan secara terperinci. 6) pembuatan mesin yaitu prototipe dari mesin

yang telah dirancang sesuai dengan hasil perhitungan.

Pada perancangan mesin pencacah jerami ini menghasilkan kecepatan putaran poros 2025

rpm, dan menghasilkan kapasitas cacahan kurang lebih 60 kg/jam. Sumber penggerak mesin

adalah Motor listrik merk Yuema seri B3 6 pole dengan kecepatan 2000 - 2500 rpm. Sistem

transmisi menggunakan v-belt tunggal dengan puli penggerak diameter 71 mm dan puli yang

digerakkan 87,39 mm, serta pemasangan pasak pada poros dan puli agar sistem transmisi

berjalan dengan baik.

Kata kunci: perancangan, jerami, mesin pencacah jerami.

Taufan Ega Nugraha. (2017). Perancangan Mesin Pencacah Jerami Untuk Pakan Ternak.

Teknik mesin. Fakultas Teknik. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Pembimbing (1) Ir. Herry

Suprianto, MT (2) Ir. Ali Saifulah, MT .

ABSTRACS

Straw is a by-product of agricultural business in the form of stems and stems of cereals that

have dried, after the grains are separated. Straw masses are approximately equivalent to the mass

of harvested grains. Straw has many functions, such as fuel, animal feed, pedestal or cage floor,

packaging of agricultural materials (eg eggs), building materials (roofs, walls, floors), mulch,

and handicrafts. Straw is generally collected in rolled, tied, or pressed form. The baller machine

can form the straw into rolls or boxes. (Wikipedia)

Design method used through several stages, following stages: 1) Looking for design data

include the concept of making machine design, searching data about elephant grass, and the

specification of the driving force. 2) conducting a literature study covering the assessment of

similar enumerator tools in the market. 3) design of enumeration system which includes

specification of knife dimension, holder of knife, shaft, bearing, pulley, and v-belt. 4) frame and

connection design including appropriate frame construction, material selection used and

connection to unify the frame. 5) Checks include detailed design results. 6) manufacture of

machine that is prototype of machine which have been designed according to result of

calculation.

In the design of this straw chopper machine produces a speed of 2025 rpm shaft rotation,

and produce a capacity of counted approximately 60 kg / hour. The source of the engine drive is

electric motor Yuema series B3 6 pole with speed 2000 - 2500 rpm. The transmission system

uses a single v-belt with a 71 mm diameter drive pulleys and 87.39 mm driven pulleys, and

mounting pegs on the shafts and pulleys for the transmission system to run properly.

Keywords: designing, straw, straw chop machine/ thrasher machine straw .

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR JUDUL ........................................................................................................ i

POSTER ................................................................................................................... ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................... iii

LEMBAR ASISTENSI ................................................................................................ iv

LEMBAR SURAT PERNYATAAN TIDAK PLAGIAT ........................................................ vi

ABSTRAKS ............................................................................................................. vii

ABSTRACS ............................................................................................................ viii

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................. x

DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................. xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 3

1.3 Tujuan Perancangan................................................................................. 3

1.4 Batasan Masalah ...................................................................................... 3

1.5 Manfaat Perancangan .............................................................................. 4

1.6 Konsep Desain .......................................................................................... 5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Jerami Padi ............................................................................................... 7

2.2 Definisi Desain .......................................................................................... 7

2.3 Pisau Pencacah ....................................................................................... 10

2.4 Menentukan Daya Motor....................................................................... 11

2.5 Sabuk Penggerak .................................................................................... 12

2.6 Pulley ...................................................................................................... 14

2.7 Poros ...................................................................................................... 17

2.8 Pasak ...................................................................................................... 24

2.9 Rangka ...................................................................................................28

2.10 Bantalan ............................................................................................30

BAB III PERHITUNGAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

3.1 Gaya Potong Jerami ............................................................................... 35

3.2 Perencanaan Pisau Pemotong ............................................................... 36

3.3 Pemilihan Motor .................................................................................... 40

3.4 Perencanaan Transmisi .......................................................................... 41

3.5 Sabuk dan Puli ........................................................................................ 41

3.6 PerencanaanPoros ................................................................................. 49

3.7 PerencanaanPasak ................................................................................. 53

3.8 PerencanaanBantalan ............................................................................ 54

BAB IV KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

4.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 59

4.2 Saran ...................................................................................................... 60

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 : Faktor-faktor koreksi daya yang ditransmisikan fc ...................................... 18

Tabel 2.2: Ukuran Pasak ................................................................................................. 27

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 : Bagian-bagian mesin pencacah jerami............................. 6

Gambar 2.1 : Pisau pencacah .................................................................10

Gambar 2.2 : Macam – macam pisau potong .........................................11

Gambar 2.3 : Kontruksi sabuk V ........................................................... 13

Gambar 2.4 : Ukuran penampang sabuk V ............................................13

Gambar 2.5 : Jenis sabuk .......................................................................14

Gambar 2.6 : Pully .................................................................................15

Gambar 2.7 : Poros ................................................................................23

Gambar 2.8 : Jenis – jenis bantalan gelinding .......................................31

Gambar 2.9 : Susunan sebuah bantalan .................................................31

Gambar 3.1 : Gaya yang bekerja pada pisau .........................................35

Gambar 3.2 : Pisau Pemotong ...............................................................36

Gambar 3.3 : Sketsa transmisi sistem pemotong ..................................41

Gambar Konsep Desain ........................................................................61

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Khurmi, R. S., Gupta, J. K. 1982. Machine Design. New Delhi:Eurasia Publishing House.

Sularso dan Suga, Kiyokatsu, (1991,1997). Dasar Perencanaan dan Pemilihan Elemen Mesin. Jakarta:

Pradnya Paramita.

(http://eprints.undip.ac.id/39427/1/Modifikasi_Mesin_Pencacah_Jerami.)

(http://www.fortunatakajamit.blogspot.com/2012/09/struktur-bangunan-baja.html?m=1)

(http://www.scribd.com/doc/210938549/ELMES)

Sularso, Kiyokatsu Suga. 2004. Dasar Perencanaan dan Pemilihan Elemen Mesin.

Pradnya Paramita. Jakarta.

Takesi Sato, N. Sugiarto Hariyanto. 1999. Menggambar Mesin . Pradnya Paramita.

Jakarta.

Aries Sationo, Sisminto. 2010. Autodesk Inventor Propesional 2009. C.V Andi Offset.

Yogyakarta.