PENGARUH WAKTU REAKSI PADA SINTESIS …

“PENGARUH WAKTU REAKSI PADA SINTESIS

POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE (PDMS) MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK RING

OPENING POLYMERIZATION TERHADAP KESTABILAN SIFAT

MATERIAL”

SKRIPSI

diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sains

Program Studi Fisika Departemen Pendidikan Fisika

kelompok bidang kajian Fisika Material

Oleh

Ajrina Nur Shabrina

NIM 1700082

PROGRAM STUDI FISIKA

DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN FISIKA

FAKULTAS PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA

2021

Ajrina Nur Shabrina, 2021 PENGARUH WAKTU REAKSI PADA SINTESIS POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE (PDMS) MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK RING OPENING POLYMERIZATION TERHADAP KESTABILAN SIFAT MATERIAL Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

PENGARUH WAKTU REAKSI PADA SINTESIS



MATERIAL

Oleh

Ajrina Nur Shabrina

Sebuah skripsi yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Sains pada Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

© Ajrina Nur Shabrina

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

2021

Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang.

Skripsi ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhnya ataupun sebagian,

Dengan dicetak ulang, difotokopi, atau cara lainnya tanpa izin penulis.


LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Ajrina Nur Shabrina

1700082



OPENING POLYMERIZATION

DISETUJUI DAN DISAHKAN OLEH:

Pembimbing I

Drs. Waslaluddin, M.T.

NIP. 196302071991031002

Pembimbing II

Dr. Wiendartun, M.Si.

NIP. 195708071982112001

Ketua Departemen Pendidikan Fisika,

Dr. Endi Suhendi, M.Si.

NIP. 197905012003121001





MATERIAL

Ajrina Nur Shabrina

1700082

Pembimbing 1: Drs. Waslaluddin, M.T.

Pembimbing 2: Dr. Hj. Wiendartun, M.Si.

Program Studi Fisika FPMIPA UPI

ABSTRAK

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) merupakan cairan pengganti vitreous humour pada operasi

vitreoretinal untuk penyembuhan ablasio retina yang keberadaannya dibutuhkan di

Indonesia. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) memiliki sifat inert, transparan, dan diketahui

memiliki stabilitas yang tinggi. Sintesis sampel PDMS dengan scale-up berhasil dilakukan

melalui teknik sintesis ring opening polymerization. Proses sintesis didukung oleh

octamethycyclotetralsiloxane (D4) sebagai monomer dan hexamethyldisiloxane (MM)

sebagai terminator. KOH dengan konsentrasi sebesar 0,75 M pada proses sintesis

digunakan sebagai inisiator. Waktu sintesis untuk PDMS yaitu 35 menit dan 20 menit

masing-masing untuk PDMS-1 dan PDMS-2. Sedangkan suhu reaksi adalah 150 ℃. PDMS

yang dihasilkan dari proses sintesis bersifat bening, kental, dan tidak berbau yang

menandakan bahwa proses sintesis berhasil dan sisa kloroform sudah hilang. Untuk

menentukan stabilitas sifat fisis PDMS, pada penelitian ini uji stabilitas pada PDMS hasil

sintesis dilakukan selama satu bulan di ruang penyimpanan pada suhu ruang. Sifat fisis

PDMS yang meliputi gugus fungsi, viskositas, tegangan permukaan, indeks bias, dan

transmitansi diperiksa setiap minggu dalam kurun waktu satu bulan. Hasil uji stabilitas

viskositas dan tegangan permukaan menunjukkan bahwa nilai viskositas dan tegangan

permukaan PDMS-2 memiliki kestabilan yang lebih baik. Uji stabilitas sifat optik yang

meliputi indeks bias dan transmitansi menunjukkan bahwa PDMS-1 dan PDMS-2

mengalami penurunan. Hasil FTIR seluruh sampel PDMS menunjukkan PDMS memiliki

gugus fungsi yang sama seperti PDMS komersial setelah penyimpanan selama satu bulan.

Secara keseluruhan, viskositas, tegangan permukaan, dan gugus fungsi PDMS-2 relatif

lebih stabil dari PDMS-1. Sedangkan sifat optik PDMS terutama transmitansi belum

menunjukkan nilai yang stabil karena transmitansi PDMS terus menurun selama masa

penyimpanan. Secara keseluruhan, PDMS-2 dengan waktu reaksi 20 menit memiliki nilai

kestabilan lebih baik dari PDMS-1 dengan waktu reasi 35 menit.

Kata Kunci : Polydimethysiloxane, Waktu Reaksi, Stabilitas Material, Vitreous

Humour


EFFECT OF REACTION TIME ON SYNTHESIS OF

POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE (PDMS) USING RING OPENING

POLYMERIZATION METHOD ON THE STABILITY OF MATERIAL

PROPERTIES

Ajrina Nur Shabrina

1700082

Pembimbing 1: Drs. Waslaluddin, M.T.

Pembimbing 2: Dr. Hj. Wiendartun, M.Si.

Program Studi Fisika FPMIPA UPI

ABSTRAC

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a replacement for vitreous humor in vitreoretinal surgery

for retinal detachment treatment which is needed in Indonesia. Polydimethylsiloxane

(PDMS) is inert, transparent, and is known to have high stability. The synthesis of PDMS

samples with scale-up was successfully carried out through the ring opening

polymerization synthesis technique. The synthesis process was supported by

octamethycyclotetralsiloxane (D4) as the monomer and hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) as the

terminator. KOH with a concentration of 0.75 M in the synthesis process was used as an

initiator. The synthesis time for PDMS was 35 minutes and 20 minutes for PDMS-1 and

PDMS-2, respectively. While the reaction temperature is 150 ℃. PDMS produced from the

synthesis process is clear, viscous, and odorless which indicates that the synthesis process

was successful and the remaining chloroform has disappeared. To determine the stability

of the physical properties of PDMS, in this study the stability test on the synthesized PDMS

was carried out for one month in a storage room at room temperature. The physical

properties of PDMS which include functional groups, viscosity, surface tension, refractive

index, and transmittance are checked every week for one month. The results of the viscosity

and surface tension stability test showed that the viscosity and surface tension values of

PDMS-2 had better stability. Stability test of optical properties which include refractive

index and transmittance showed that PDMS-1 and PDMS-2 decreased. The FTIR results

of all PDMS samples showed that PDMS had the same functional groups as commercial

PDMS after one month of storage. Overall, the viscosity, surface tension, and functional

groups of PDMS-2 are relatively more stable than PDMS-1. While the optical properties

of PDMS, especially transmittance, have not shown a stable value because the

transmittance of PDMS continues to decrease during the storage period. Overall, PDMS-2

with a reaction time of 20 minutes has a better stability value than PDMS-1 with a reaction

time of 35 minutes.

Keywords : Polydimethylsiloxane, Reaction Time, Material Stability, Vitreous

Humour


DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................. ii

PERNYATAAN .................................................................................................... iii

KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... iv

UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH................................................................................... v

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ vi

ABSTRAC ............................................................................................................ vii

DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xi

BAB I ....................................................................................................................... 1

PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Latar Belakang .................................................................................................. 1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................. 5

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian .............................................................................................. 6

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................................ 6

1.5. Sistematika Penulisan ....................................................................................... 7

BAB II ..................................................................................................................... 8

KAJIAN PUSTAKA .............................................................................................. 8

2.1. Vitreous humour ................................................................................................ 8

2.2. Polimer ............................................................................................................... 9

2.3. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ...................................................................... 10

2.4. Teknik Ring Opening Polymerization (ROP) ............................................. 11


2.5. Viskositas ......................................................................................................... 12

2.6. Indeks Bias dan Refraktometer ..................................................................... 13

2.7. Transmitansi dan Spektrofotometer UV-VIS .............................................. 13

2.8. Gugus Fungsi dan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) .............................. 14

2.9. Tegangan Permukaan ..................................................................................... 15

2.10. Emulsifikasi Polydimethylsiloxane............................................................... 16

2.11. Scale Up Polydimethylsiloxane ..................................................................... 17

2.12. Penyimpanan dan Stabilitas Polydimethylsiloxane .................................... 17

2.13. Perkembangan Penelitian Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ........................ 18

BAB III .................................................................................................................. 20

METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................................... 20

3.1. Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ....................................................................... 20

3.2. Desain Penelitian ............................................................................................ 20

3.3. Instrumen Penelitian ....................................................................................... 21

3.4. Prosedur Penelitian ......................................................................................... 27

BAB IV .................................................................................................................. 37

TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ....................................................................... 37

4.1. Hasil Sintesis PDMS dengan Scale-Up .................................................. 37

4.2. Stabilitas Gugus Fungsi .......................................................................... 37

4.3. Stabilitas Viskositas ................................................................................ 41

4.4. Stabilitas Tegangan Permukaan .............................................................. 45

4.5. Stabilitas Indeks Bias .............................................................................. 47

4.6. Stabilitas Transmitansi ............................................................................ 49

BAB V .................................................................................................................... 51


SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI, DAN REKOMENDASI ........................................ 51

5.1. Simpulan .......................................................................................................... 51

5.2. Implikasi ........................................................................................................... 52

5.3. Rekomendasi ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Lampiran .............................................................................................................. 59


DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Ablasio Retina .................................................................................... 8

Gambar 2.2 Repeat Unit Polydimethylsiloxane ..................................................... 10

Gambar 2.3 Struktur Kimia Polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) ................................... 11

Gambar 2.4 Teknik Ring Opening Polymerization ................................................ 12

Gambar 2.5 Gugus Fungsi PDMS Komersial 1300 cSt ......................................... 15

Gambar 3.1 Desain Penelitian ................................................................................ 21

Gambar 3.2 Potassium Hidroksida (KOH) ............................................................ 22

Gambar 3.3 Hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) ............................................................. 22

Gambar 3.4 Octhamethydisiloxane (D4)................................................................ 23

Gambar 3.5 Magnetic Stirrer ................................................................................ 23

Gambar 3.6 Dry Cabinet ........................................................................................ 24

Gambar 3.7 Botol Sampel ...................................................................................... 24

Gambar 3.8 Viskometer ......................................................................................... 25

Gambar 3.9 Tensiometer ........................................................................................ 26

Gambar 3.10 Refraktometer ................................................................................... 26

Gambar 3.11 Spektrofotometer UV-VIS ............................................................... 27

Gambar 3.12 Penimbangan KOH .......................................................................... 28

Gambar 3.13 Proses Pengenceran KOH ................................................................ 28

Gambar 3.14 Proses Memanaskan Oil Bath di Magnetic Stirrer .......................... 30

Gambar 3.15 Penambahan D4................................................................................ 30

Gambar 3.16 Penambahan MM ............................................................................. 30

Gambar 3.17 Penambahan KOH ............................................................................ 30


Gambar 3.18 Proses Purifikasi PDMS ................................................................... 31

Gambar 3.19 Hasil Purifikasi PDMS ..................................................................... 31

Gambar 3.20 Nilai pH Fasa Encer ......................................................................... 32

Gambar 3.21 PDMS Hasil Sintesis ........................................................................ 32

Gambar 3.22 Dry Cabinet ...................................................................................... 33

Gambar 4.1 Hasil Pengukuran FTIR PDMS Komersial 1300 cSt ......................... 38

Gambar 4.2 Hasil Pengukuran FTIR PDMS-1 dan PDMS-2 ................................ 39

Gambar 4.3 Hasil Pengukuran Viskositas PDMS .................................................. 41

Gambar 4.4 Tegangan Permukaan PDMS-1 dan PDMS2-2 .................................. 45

Gambar 4.5 Hasil Uji Stabilitas Indeks Bias PDMS .............................................. 47

Gambar 4.6 Hasil Uji Stabilitas Transmitansi PDMS ............................................ 49


DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Karakteristik Vitreous humour ................................................................. 9

Tabel 2.2 Karakteristik Fisis PDMS Komersial ..................................................... 11

Tabel 3.1 Bahan-Bahan Untuk Sintesis PDMS ..................................................... 22

Tabel 3.2 Alat-Alat Untuk Sintesis PDMS ............................................................ 23

Tabel 3.3 Alat dan Bahan Untuk Uji Stabilitas PDMS .......................................... 24

Tabel 4.3 Nilai Penambahan Diopri PDMS Hasil Sintesis .................................... 48

53


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