Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects...

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Orthogonal Array dan Matriks Eksperimen Pertemuan - 4 28 Oktober 2015

Transcript of Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects...

Page 1: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

Orthogonal Array dan Matriks Eksperimen

Pertemuan - 4

28 Oktober 2015

Page 2: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

Today’s Outline

Review

Matriks Eksperimen

Interaksi antar Faktor

Memilih karakteristik kualitas

Page 3: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

Review

Mereduksi loss melalui reduksi variansi dapat dilakukan dengan 4 cara :

1. ?

2. ?

3. ?

4. Mengaplikasikan desain kokoh ( robust design ) Desain Eksperimen (DOE)

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Review

DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels of the factors. What levels should we take, how to combine them, and how many experiments should we run, are subjects of discussions in DOE.

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Review

Factors are variables (also think of as ingredients or parameters) that have direct influence on the performance of the product or process under investigation.

Factors are of two types: Discrete - assumes known values or status for the level.

Example: Container, Vendor, Type of materials, etc.

Continuous - can assume any workable value for the factor levels.

Example: Temperature, Pressure, Thickness, etc.

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Review

Y =f ( X , M , Z , R )

Y =f ( X , M , Z , R )

Noise Factors ( X )

Response ( Y )Signal Factors ( M )

ControlFactors ( Z )

ScalingFactors ( R )

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Review

Levels are the values or descriptions that define the condition of the factor held while performing the experiments.

Examples:

Type of Container, Supplier, Material, etc. for discrete factor

200 Deg., 15 Seconds, etc. when the factors are of continuous type.

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Review

Eksperimen yang didasarkan pada rancangan faktorial, dimaksudkan untuk menentukan faktor mana diantara sejumlah faktor yang secara potensial memberikan efek pada respon.

Namun, pada rancangan faktorial dengan jumlah faktor yang besar dan diikuti oleh jumlah kombinasi perlakuan yang besar, eksperimen menjadi tidak efisien untuk dilakukan.

Hal ini akan berakibat pada peningkatan biaya dan waktu.

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Review

Untuk menurunkan jumlah kombinasi perlakuan, maka digunakan rancangan faktorial fraksional.

Rancangan faktorial sebagian (faktorial fraksional ) digunakan apabila pengamatan terdiri dari sejumlah faktor utama dan hanya beberapa pengaruh interaksi faktor yang diinginkan (terpilih).

Dengan demikian ada suatu kepercayaan nantinya akan terpilih sejumlah faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil eksperimen

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Review

Dengan rancangan ini akan dibutuhkan jumlah amatanyang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan rancanganfaktorial 2k, namun mampu menghasilkan informasi yang sama, dalam hal ini adalah informasi yang menyatakanpengaruh faktor – faktor yang ada dalam percobaanterhdapa respon baik bersama – sama maupun secaraterpisah.

Orthogonal Array merupakan rancangan faktorial fraksional

Page 11: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

ReviewContoh Faktorial Eskperimen

3 Faktor (A , B dan C ) dengan 2 level (1 dan 2 ) , jika dilakukan eksperimen secara penuh, maka ada 23 = 8 eksperimen yaitu

Eksp. A B C1 1 1 12 1 1 23 1 2 14 1 2 25 2 1 16 2 1 27 2 2 18 2 2 2

Page 12: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

ReviewContoh Fraksional Faktorial Eksperimen

3 Faktor (A , B dan C ) dengan 2 level (1 dan 2 ) , jika dilakukan secara fraksional faktorial eksperimen, maka ada 23-1 = 4 eksperimen yaitu ( Baca Hick, hal 303 – 346 )

Eksp. A B C1 1 1 12 1 2 23 2 1 24 2 2 1

Eksp. A B C1 1 1 12 1 1 23 1 2 14 1 2 25 2 1 16 2 1 27 2 2 18 2 2 2

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Review

Contoh Orthgonal Array ( Taguchi )

Eksp. A B C1 1 1 12 1 2 23 2 1 24 2 2 1

L 4 ( 2 3 )

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Matriks Eksperimen

Derajat kebebasan untuk faktor dan level

1 levelsofnumberv fl

Page 15: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

Derajat kebebasan

A1

A2

A3

A1-A2

X

A1-A3

A B C

X=A2-A3=(A1-A3)-(A1-A2)

Page 16: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

Orthogonal array ( OA ) sebuah matriks yang dimana faktornya seimbang dan efek antarfactor dapat dipisahkan dalam eksperimen

Notasi OA

Jumlah kolom

L 8 ( 2 7 )

Jumlah level

Jumlah baris

Latin square

Orthogonal Arrays

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Orthogonal Arrays

Derajat kebebasan OA

Derajat kebebasan factor dan level harus sesuai dengan derajat kebebasan OA

1sexperimentofnumber OAv

Page 18: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

Characteristics of orthogonal array designs are:

Levels appear in equal numbers.

Combination of A1B1, A1B2, etc. appear in equal numbers.

Effect of factor A can be separated from the effects of B and C.

Orthogonal Arrays

Page 19: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

Memilih OA

Taguchi telah menyusun OA standar

Common Orthogonal Arrays

L4 (23), L8 (27 ), L12 (211), L16 (215), L32 (231 ), .. ==> (2-level arrays)

L9 (34), L18 (21 37), L27 (313) . . ==> (3-level arrays)

L16 (45), L32 (21 49), .. ==> (4-level arrays)

Note: Arrays L18(21 37), L32(2

1 49), and L54(21 325) are for mixed level factors.

Common Orthogonal Arrays

L4 (23), L8 (27 ), L12 (211), L16 (215), L32 (231 ), .. ==> (2-level arrays)

L9 (34), L18 (21 37), L27 (313) . . ==> (3-level arrays)

L16 (45), L32 (21 49), .. ==> (4-level arrays)

Note: Arrays L18(21 37), L32(2

1 49), and L54(21 325) are for mixed level factors.

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Memilih OA

Contoh : Seorang peneliti ingin mempelajari 1 faktor dengan 2 level dan 6 faktor dengan 3 level

Lihat hal. 90, maka yang dipilih L18 ( 2 1 x 37 )

13)13(6)12(1 xxv fl

Page 21: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

Interaksi

Interaksi terjadi jika ada efek pada suatu factor bergantung pada suatu factor lain

Faktor dan interaksinya dapat digambarkan dalam grafik linier (contoh grafik linier L 8 ( 2 7 )

Derajat kebebasan interaksi

)1()1(1 BABAAxBl nnnnv

Page 22: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

Penugasan Faktor

Langkah-langkah penugasan factor

1. Hitung derajat kebebasan (df) eksperimen

2. Pilih OA yang sesuai dengan jumlah df

3. Gambar grafik linier

4. Pilih grafik linier standar

5. Sesuaikan antara OA dan grafik linier

6. Tugaskan efek utama dan interaksi pada kolom yang sesuai

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Contoh Penugasan Faktor

Seorang peneliti ingin mempelajari factor A , B , C , D dengan 2-level dan interaksi AxB , BxC

1. Total df :

4 factor dengan 2 level = 4 x ( 2- 1 ) = 4

2 interaksi = 2 x (2-1)x(2-1) = 2

2. L 8 ( 2 7 ) yang mempunyai df = 7 , cukup

Page 24: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

Contoh Penugasan Faktor

3. Gambar grafik linier

D

A

AxB

B CBxC

Page 25: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

Contoh Penugasan Faktor

4. Pilih linier graph standar

7

1

3

26

5

4

Page 26: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

Contoh Penugasan Faktor

5. Penugasan

A 1 , B 2 , A x B3 , C 4 ,

e 5 , B x C 6 ,

D7 ( e = error )

Page 27: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

Contoh Penugasan Faktor6. Tugaskan dalam OA

Exp A B AxB C e BxC D

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2

3 1 2 2 1 1 2 2

4 1 2 2 2 2 1 1

5 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

6 2 1 2 2 1 2 1

7 2 2 1 1 2 2 1

8 2 2 1 2 1 1 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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Memilih karakteristik kualitas

Primary objective of robust design select efficiency , robust condition which are reproducible in manufacturing condition

Selection of Quality Characteristics is prerequisite for efficient, reliable and reproducible of experiment

Selection of Quality Characteristics important stage in DOE

Page 29: Orthogonal Array dan MatriksEksperimen · Review DOE is an experimental strategy in which effects of multiple factors are studied simultaneously by running tests at various levels

Diskusi

What is the mean by the term degrees of freedom

Discuss the importance of selecting good quality characteristic