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Example: Apple PowerBook Duo Trackball

Prototype: “an approximation of the product along one or more dimensions of interest”“perkiraan bagaimana nantinya suatu produk bersama dengan satu atau lebih dimensi yang menjadi perhatian”

Physical vs. Analytical PrototypesPrototypes

Physical PrototypesT ibl i ti

Analytical PrototypesM th ti l d l f thTangible approximation

of the product.May exhibit unmodeled

Mathematical model of the product.Can only exhibit behaviorMay exhibit unmodeled

behavior. Some behavior may be

f f

Can only exhibit behavior arising from explicitly modeled phenomena. (However, behavior is not alwaysan artifact of the

approximation.Often best for

behavior is not always anticipated.Some behavior may be an Often best for

communication.y

artifact of the analytical method.Oft ll i t l

www.themegallery.com Company Logo

Often allow more experimental freedom than physical models.

Focused vs. Comprehensive PrototypesPrototypes

Focused PrototypesImplement one or a few

Comprehensive Prototypesp

attributes of the product.Answer specific

ti b t th

Implement many or all attributes of the product.Offer opport nities forquestions about the

product design.Generally several are

Offer opportunities for rigorous testing.Often best for milestones y

required. and integration.


Tipe-tipe PrototypesPhysicaly

finalproduct

betaprototype

alphaprototypeball

supportprototype p

t kb ll h i

ComprehensiveFocused

trackball mechanismlinked to circuit

simulation

simulationof trackball notcircuits not

generallyfeasible

Analyticalequations

modeling ballsupports

Fungsi Prototypes

Learninganswering questions about performance or feasibilitye.g., proof-of-concept model

Communicationdemonstration of product for feedbackdemonstration of product for feedbacke.g., 3D physical models of style or function

Integrationteg at ocombination of sub-systems into system modele.g., alpha or beta test models

Milestonesgoal for development team’s schedule

fi t t t bl h d


e.g., first testable hardware

Boeing 777 Testing

Brakes TestMinimum rotor thicknessMaximum takeoff weightMaximum runway speedWill the brakes ignite?

Wing TestgMaximum loadingWhen will it break?When will it break?Where will it break?


Comprehensive Prototypes

Many comprehensiveprototypes are built.

Some comprehensiveprototypes build (and sold?).

et R

isk

Hig

h

al o

r Mar

k

One prototype may be Few or no comprehensive

Tech

nica

Low

One prototype may be used for verification.

Few or no comprehensiveprototypes are built.

L

Cost of Comprehensive PrototypeHighLow

Prinsip-prinsip Prototyping

Analytical prototypes pada umumnya lebih fleksibel dibandingkan Physical

t tprototypesPhysical prototypes adalah keharusan untuk mengantisipasi fenomena yang untuk mengantisipasi fenomena yang belum diantisipasiPrototype dapat mengurangi resiko Prototype dapat mengurangi resiko iterasi yang memakan biayaPrototype dapat membantu Prototype dapat membantu ketidakpastian langkah pengembangan lainnya


Prototype dapat merestrukturisasi ketergantungan antar tugas.

Mengurangi resiko iterasi


Merestrukturisasi ketergantungan antar tugas


Membantu langkah pengembangan


Perhatian :

Consider multiple forms of prototypesChoose the timing of prototype cycles.

Many early models are used to validate concepts.R l ti l f h i d lRelatively few comprehensive models are necessary to test integration


Perencanaan untuk Prototypes

1. Definisikan tujuan dari prototype

2. Buat tingkat perkiraan yang diinginkan

3. Outline rencana eksperimental

4. Buat jadwal untuk pembelian bahan, j p ,

konstruksi dan test


Rapid Prototyping Methods

Most of these methods are additive, rather than subtractive, processes. Build parts in layers based on CAD model.p y

SLA=Stereolithography Apparatus bahan : liquid photopolymerSLS=Selective Laser Sintering bahan : thermoplasticSLS=Selective Laser Sintering bahan : thermoplastic powderFDM = Fuse Deposition Model bahan : modelling filamen3D Printing = Free-form fabrication – menciptakan objek fisik secara langsung dari sebuah model yang dibuat di g g y gkomputerLOM=Laminated Object ManufacturingOthers every year


Others every year...

Rapid Prototyping - SLA


Free-form fabrication


Virtual Prototyping

3D computer modeling – menggunakan komputer software, dibuat image dari produk. Seringkali disebut digital mockup. Seringkali disebut digital mockup. 3D CAD models enable many kinds of analysis:- Fit and assembly- Manufacturability- Form and style- Kinematics- Finite element analysis (stress, thermal)

C h t ti- Crash testing


3D computer modeling


BMW Virtual Crash Test

From: Scientific American, March 1999


Traditional Prototyping Methods

CNC machiningRubber molding + urethane castingMaterials: wood, foam, plastics, etc.Model making requires special skillsskills.


Fabricated Model

Cast UrethaneCast U et a e


Alpha, Beta and Preproduction PrototypesPrototypesAlpha – digunakan untuk menilai apakah produk

dapat bekerja seperti yang diinginkan. Biasanya part yang digunakan sama dalam bahan dan geometrinya, tapi proses produksinya disesuaikan.

Beta – digunakan untuk menilai reliabilitas dan mencari kelemahan yang masih ada di dalam produk Biasanya beta prototype diberikan pada produk. Biasanya beta prototype diberikan pada konsumen untuk digunakan dalam lingkungan penggunaannya. Diproduksi seperti yang akan dilakukan seperti produk akhir yang diinginkan dilakukan seperti produk akhir yang diinginkan, tetapi tidak dirakit dengan alat dan fasilitas perakitan akhir


Alpha, Beta and Preproduction PrototypesPrototypes

Preproduction – produk pertama yang di d k i l h k l h diproduksi oleh keseluruhan proses produksi. Pada saat ini, proses produksi hanya menghasilkan kuantitas yang hanya menghasilkan kuantitas yang terbatas saja.


MEMBUAT PROTOTIPE - WordPress.com · 12/9/2014 · MEMBUAT PROTOTIPE LOGO. Example: ... e.g.,...

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