Makalah Sistem Urinari

8/20/2019 Makalah Sistem Urinari

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MAKALAH SISTEM URINARI

ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI MANUSIA

NAMA : LEDYTA ASA AISALI

KELAS : 1 B

NIM : 1508010064

FAKULTAS FARMASI

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PURWOKERTO

2016

SISTEM URINARI PADA MANUSIA

Sistem urinri !"# sutu sistem tem$t ter%!in& $r'ses $en&rin(n

!r# se#in(( !r# )e)s !ri *t+*t &n( ti!, !i$er(un,n '"e# tu)u# !n


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men&er$ *t+*t &n( msi# !i$er(un,n '"e# tu)u#- .t+*t &n(

!i$er(un,n '"e# tu)u# "rutn !"m ir !n !i,e"ur,n )eru$ urine /ir

,emi#-

A. ORGAN SISTEM URINARI

Sistem urinri ter!iri ts:

in%"2 &n( men(e"ur,n se,ret urine-

Ureter2 &n( men&"ur,n urine !ri (in%" ,e ,n!un( ,en3in(-

Kn!un( ,en3in(2 &n( )e,r% se)(i $enm$un(-

Uretr2 &n( men&"ur,n urine !ri ,n!un( ,en3in(-

1- in%"

in%" !"# sutu ,e"en%r &n( ter"et, !i)(in $'steri'r )!'men2

terutm !i !er# "um)"2 !ise)e"# ,nn !n ,iri tu"n( )e",n(2 !i)un(,us

"$isn "em, &n( te)"2 !i)e",n( $erit'neum2 !n ,ren itu !i"ur r'n((

$erit'neum- Seti$ (in%" $n%n(n& 6 sm$i 25 3m2 !n te)" 125 sm$i 25

3m- P! 'rn( !es )ertn& ,ir+,ir 140 (rm- Bentu, (in%" se$erti )i%i

,3n(2 %um"#n& ! !u )u# ,iri !n ,nn2 (in%" ,iri "e)i# )esr !ri (in%"

,nn !n $! umumn& (in%" ",i+",i "e)i# $n%n( !ri (in%" nit-

Sru,tur (in%" seti$ (in%" !i"in(,u$i ,$su" ti$is !ri %rin(n 7i)rus &n(

r$t mem)un(,usn&2 !n mem)entu, $em)un(,us &n( #"us- Di !"mn&

ter!$t stru,tur+stru,tur (in%"- rnn& un(u tu !n ter!iri ts )(in

,'rte,s !i se)e"# "ur2 !n )(in me!u" !i se)e"# !"m- B(in me!u" ini

tersusun ts "im )e"s sm$i enm )e"s mss )er)entu, $irmi!2 &n(

!ise)ut piramis ginjal. Pun3,+$un3,n& "n(sun( men(r# ,e #i"um !n

)er,#ir !i ,"ises- K"ises ini men(#u)un(,nn& !en(n $e"9is (in%"-

un(si (in%":

- Meme(n( $ern $entin( !"m $en(e"urn *t+*t t',sis tu r3un-

)- Mem$ert#n,n susn ,eseim)n(n 3irn-

3- Mem$ert#n,n ,eseim)n(n ,!r sm !n )s !ri 3irn tu)u#-

!- Mem$ertim)n(,n ,eseim)n(n (rm+(rm !n *t+*t 3irn

tu)u#-

e- Men(e"ur,n sis+sis met)'"isme #si" ,#ir !ri ureum $r'tein-


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Tes 7un(si (in%"- Ter!$t )n&, m3m tes2 tet$i )e)er$ &n( se!er#n

!"#:

Tes protein /")umin- Bi" ,erus,n $! ("'meru"us tu tu)u"us2

m, $r'tein !$t msu, ,e urine-

) Tes konsentrasi urea darah- Bi" (in%" ti!, 3u,u$ men(e"ur,n

ureum2 ureum !r# ni, !i ts ,!r n'rm" 0+40 mi"i(rm $er 100

33m !r#- Kren 7i"trsi ("'meru"us #rus menurun sm$i se)n&,

50 $ersen se)e"um ,eni,n ,!r ure !r# ter%!i2 tes ini )u,n tes

&n( sn(t $e,-

3 Tes konsentrasi. !i"rn( m,n tu minum se"m 1 %m untu,

me"i#t sm$i )er$ tin((i )ert %enis ni,n&-

- Ureter

Ter!$t !u ureter )eru$ !u $i$ s"urn2 &n( msin(+msin( )ersm)n(

!en(n (in%" !n !ri (in%" )er%"n ,e ,n!un( ,en3in(- Te)" seti$ ureter

,ir+,ir sete)" tn(,i )u"u n(s !n $n%n(n& ;5 sm$i 40 3m- Ter!iri ts

!in!in( "ur &n( 7i)rus2 "$isn ten(# &n( )er't't2 !n "$isn mu,'s se)e"#

!"m- Ureter mu"i se)(i $e"e)rn #i"um (in%" !n )er%"n ,e)# me""ui

r'n(( )!'men msu, ,e !"m se)e"# $'steri'r ,n!un( ,en3in(-

Ureter $! $ri ter!$t !i!"m 9isur semin"is ts ! !isi"n( '"e#

!u,tus !e7erens !n !i,e"i"in(i '"e# $"e,sus 9esi,"is- Se"n%utn& ureter )er%"n

')"i


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)er!imeter 1+5 mm-

;- Kn!un( ,en3in(

Kn!un( ,en3in( )e,er% se)(i $enm$un( urine2 'r(n ini )er)entu,

)u# $ir- Let,n& !i!"m $n((u" )esr2 !i!e$n isi "inn& !n !i)e",n(

sim7isis $u)is- P! )&i "et,n& "e)i# tin((i- B(in ter)# ter$n3n( ert

!n !ise)ut )sis2 )(in ts tu 7un!us ni, ,"u ,n!un( meme,r ,ren

urine- Pun3,n& en(r# ,e!e$n )# !n ! !i)e",n( sim7isis $u)is-

B(in 9esi, urinri ter!iri !ri:

- un!us2 )(in &n( men(#!$ ,e r# )e",n( !n )#2 )(in ini

ter$is# !ri re,tum '"e# s$tium re3t'9esi,"e &n( terisi '"e# %rin(n

i,t !u,tus !e7eren2 9esi, semin"is !n $r'stt-

)- K'r$us2 )(in ntr 9erte,s !n 7un!us-

3- =erte,s2 )(in &n( mn3un( ,e r# mu, !n )er#u)n(n !en(n

"i(mentum 9esi, um)i"i,"is-

Din!in( ,n!un( ,emi# ter!iri !ri "$isn se)e"# "ur /$erit'neum2 tuni,

mus,u"ris /"$isn 't't2 tuni, su)mu,'s2 !n "$isn mu,'s /"$isn )(in

!"m- Pem)u"u# "im7e 9esi, urinri men("ir,n 3irn "im7e ,e !"m n!i

"im7ti, i"i, intern !n e,stern-

4- Uretr

I"# se)u# s"urn &n( )er%"n !ri "e#er ,n!un( ,en3in( ,e "u)n(

"ur2 !i"$isi mem)rn mu,'s &n( )ersm)un( !en(n mem)rm &n(

me"$isi ,n!un( ,en3in(- Metus urinrius ter!iri ts ser)ut 't't "in(,r2 &n(

mem)entu" sfinger uretra. P! nit $n%n( uretr !"# 25 sm$i ;25 3m2

$! $ri 1 sm$i 25 3m-

Mi,turisi

Mi,turisi !"# $eristi $em)un(n urine- Kren !i)ut !i!"m2 urine

men("ir me""ui ureter ,e!"m ,n!un( ,en3in(-

B. PEMBENTUKAN URIN

"'meru"us )er7un(si se)(i u"tr7i"trsi $! ,$su" )'mn2 )er7un(si

untu, menm$un( #si" 7i"trsi !ri ("'meru"us- P! tu)u"us (in%" ,n ter%!i

$en&er$n ,em)"i *t+*t &n( su!# !isrin( $! ("'meru"us2 sis 3irn


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,n !iterus,n ,e $i" (in%" terus )er"n%ut ,e ureter-

Urine )ers" !ri !r# &n( !i) rteri ren"is msu, ,e!"m (in%"2

!r# ini ter!iri !ri )(in &n( $!t &itu se" !r# !n )(in $"sm !r#-

A! ti( t#$ $em)entu,n urine:

1 Pr'ses 7i"trsi

Ter%!in& !i ("'meru"us2 $r'ses ini ter%!i ,ren $ermu,n 7eren "e)i#

)esr !ri $ermu,n e7eren m, ter%!i $en&er$n !r#- Se!n(,n se)(in

&n( tersrin( !"# )(in 3irn !r# ,e3u"i $r'tein- >irn &n( tersrin(

!itm$un( '"e# ,$su" )'mn &n( ter!iri !ri ("u,'s2 ir2 ntrium2 ,"'ri!2

su"7t2 )i,r)'nt2 !n "in+"in2 &n( !iterus,n ,e tu)u"us (in%"-

Pr'ses re)s'r$si

Pr'ses ini ter%!i $en&er$n ,em)"i se)(in )esr ("u,'s2 ntrium2

,"'ri!2 su"7t2 !n i'n )i,r)'nt- Pr'sesn& ter%!i se3r $si7 &n( !i,en"

')"i(t'r re)s'r$si ter%!i $! tu)u"us ts- Se!n(,n $! tu)u"us (in%"

)# ter%!i ,em)"i $en&er$n ntrium !n i'n )i,r)'nt- Bi" !i$er"u,n

,n !iser$ ,em)"i ,e !"m tu)u"us )(in )#- Pen&er$nn& ter%!i

se3r ,ti7 !i,en" !en(n re)s'r$si 7,u"tti7 !n sisn& !i"ir,n $! $$i"

ren"is-

; Pr'ses se,resi

Sisn& $en&er$n urine ,em)"i &n( ter%!i $! tu)u"us !n !iterus,n

,e $i" (in%" se"n%utn& !i terus,n ,e ureter msu, ,e 9esi, urinri-

C. KESEIMBANGAN CAIRAN TUBUH DAN TEKANAN DARAH

1. Pen(turn ,eseim)n(n ir

Asu$n !n 'ut$ut ir #rin !ri sese'rn( !en(n ,ti9its se!n( !n su#u

tu)u# se!n( !"# seim)n(2 &itu se,itr -500 m"- D"m tu)u# &n(

se#t2$en&esuin ter#!$ ,eseim)n(n ir ter%!i me""ui $enurunn ,e"urn

ir '"e# (in%"-

Asu$n ir 4 %m !i!$t terutm !ri !iet-

1 M,nn &n( !ite"n men(n!un( se,itr 00 m" ir- D(in(

men(n!un( 50? sm$i 5? ir !n )e)er$ %enis )u# !n s&urn

men(n!un( @5? ir-

Air tu minumn "in &n( !i,'nsumsi men3$i se,itr 1-600 m"-

; Air met)'"i3 &n( !i#si",n me""ui ,t)'"isme men3$i se,itr ;00


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m"- ,t)'"isme 1 ( "em, men(#si",n 120 m" ir 1 ( ,r)'#i!rt2 0255

m" ir !n 1 ( $r'tein 0241 m" ir-

) Ke"urn ir /,e#i"n(n ir ter%!i me""ui )e)er$ rute-

1 in%" )ertn((un( %) untu, ,e#i"n(n ir ter)esr /se,itr 1-500 m"

Air %u( #i"n( me""ui ,u"it2 &itu st )er,erin(t !n me""ui $ers$irsi

t, ,st mt /se,itr 500 m"- me""ui e9$'rsi $ru /;00 m"2 !n

me""ui s"urn (str'intestin" /00 m"-

2. Keseim)n(n ntrium-

Sum)er utm ntrium !"# m,nn- Asu$nn& )er9risi mu"i !ri 4 (

sm$i 0 ( N>"- Ntrium !i,e"ur,n me""ui ,u"it2 (in%"2 !n s"urn

(str'intestin"-

Keseim)n(n ntrium $'siti7 ter%!i %i, su$n me"e)i#i ,e"urn-

Kren ir teri,t !en(n ntrium2 m, 9'"ume >ES !n $"sm ,n

menin(,t- Re7rensi ir !n ntrium !$t men(,i)t,n $enm)#n

)ert )!n !n ter%!in& e!em- (" %ntun( ,'n(esti7 tu $en&,it

(in%" !"# ,'n!isi+,'n!isi ,"inis &n( !$t men&e)),n

,eseim)n(n ntrium $'siti7-

) Keseim)n(n ntrium ne(ti9e ter%!i %i, ,e"urn me"e)i#i su$n-

Penin(,tn ,e#i"n(n ntrium men&e)),n $enurunn 9'"ume >ES

!n $"sm !en(n !iserti te,nn !r# ren!# !n sir,u"si &n( ti!, mem!i-

3. Keseim)n(n ,"ium- K"ium !"# ,ti'n intrse"u"r utm /@5?- I'n ini

se3r n'rm" !i,'nsumsi !n !ise,resi !"m %um"# &n( seim)n( &itu

10? !ri su$n #rin !ie,s,resi !"m 7ses !n @0? !"m urine-

4. Keseim)n(n ,""sium !n 7's7t- 3t'r &n( mem$en(ru#i %um"#

,"sium !"m $"sm !"# %um"# ,"sium &n( !i,'nsumsi2 %um"# &n(

!i)s'r$si !ri s"urn $en3ernn2 !n %um"# &n( !ie,s,resi !"m 7eses

!n urine-5. Keseim)n(n sm !n )s 3irn tu)u# !"# $en(turn ,'sentrsi i'n+

i'n #&!r'(en &n( esensi" untu, 7un(si n'rm" se"- K'sentrsi i'n #&!r'(en

/!in&t,n se)(i P memen(ru#i ,ti9its en*imti,2 $erme)i"its se"2

!n stru,tur se"-

6. Te,nn !r# ren!# !n !e#i!rsi /#i"n(n& 3irn tu)u#- De#i!rsi

!"# ,'n!isi #i"n(n& 3irn tu)u# se3r )er"e)i#n- De#i!rsi

men&e)),n ter%!in& ,eti!,seim)n(n $! tin(,t te,nn !r#-

Te,nn !r# se3r se!er#n !i!e7inisi,n se)(i te,nn &n( tim)u"


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se"m sir,u"si !r# !i $em)u"u# !r#- Se"m !e#i!rsi tin(,t ir turun

!rsti3- Di sisi "in2 tu)u# tet$ mem)utu#,n ir untu, men%"n,n )er)(i

7un(sin&- D"m ,'n!isi ini2 'r(n $entin( !"m tu)u# ,n !i)eri,n

$ri'rits untu, men!$t,n ir2 se!n(,n $em)u"u# ,$i"er &n( mems',

nutrisi ,e ,u"it !n 't't ,n tertutu$- Se"in itu2 se"m !e#i!rsi ir !im)i"

!ri !r# untu, !i$s', ,e )er)(i 'r(n $entin( se#in(( men(,i)t,n

$enurunn 9'"ume !r# !"m rteri !n 9en- Seirin( sir,u"si !r# ,e

'r(n+'r(n tu)u#2 $em)u"u# !r# men(,erut untu, men(,'m'!si

)er,urn(n& 9'"ume !r#- Keti, tu)u# ,e#i"n(n ir- Pem)u"u# ,$$i"er

!n $em)u"u# !r# )er,'ntr,si /men&em$it se#in(( men&e)),n

,e"e"#n !n ,e"em#n $! $em)u"u# !r# se,"i(us men&e)),n

te,nn !r# ren!#-

D. PEMBUANGAN ASAM DAN SUBSTANSI LAIN DALAM URIN

.t sis !"m urin se)(in )esr )ers" !ri $eme3#n m,nn !n

met)'"isme !"m tu)u#-

Du *t sis utm &itu :

1- Ure : Ure meru$,n *t sis utm &n( !i#si",n !ri

met)'"isme $r'tein2 men(isi se,itr seten(# !ri t't" *t sis urin-

Se)(in )esr ure !i)un( me""ui urin2 se#in(( ,!r ure !"m urin

serin(,"i !i(un,n se)(i $enn! su$n $r'tein-

- S'!iu : S'!ium meru$,n miner" esensi"2 &n( se3r

e,s,"usi7 )ers" !ri m,nn- S'!ium mem$un&i $ern $entin( !"m

men%( 9'"ume 3irn tu)u#- S'!ium %u( !$t !i)un( me""ui

$en(u$n tu usus2 tet$i )(in ter)esr !i)un( me""ui urin- in%"

!$t men&esui,n $em)un(n s'!ium sesui !en(n )er)(i su$n2

mu"i !ri 0 #in(( se,itr 5 ( $er #ri

M,nn m'!ern &n( meru$,n m,nn &n( !i$r'ses men(n!un( s'!ium

me"e)i#i ,e)utu#n #rin !n se)(in )esr s'!ium &n( )ers" !ri m,nn

#rus !i)un( !"m urin- Itu"# se))n&2 s'!ium urin serin(,"i !i(un,n

se)(i in!i,t'r ,e"e)i#n su$n s'!ium-

.t sis "in &n( %u( !ie,s,resi t$i !"m %um"# se!i,it &itu :

• Amm'ni : terutm )ers" !ri met)'"isme $r'tein-

• Asm urt : terutm )ers" !ri $eme3#n sen& se$erti $r'tein


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&n( )ers" !ri m,nn-

• C"te : se)(in ',s"t )ers" "n(sun( !ri m,nn tet$i

se)(in )esr meru$,n #si" !ri sen& "in se$erti 9itmin >-

•

Miner" : ,"sium2 m(nesium2 $'tsium2 7's7'r Pen(e"urn *t+*t ini!itur '"e# (in%"2 ter(ntun( ,eseim)n(n miner" !"m tu)u#-

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

u&t'n ""- 1@@- Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran Edisi 9. F,rt: E>-

/#"mn 58@+660

Prtii2 D- A- !,,- 006- Biologi Untuk SMA Kelas X. F,rt: Er"n(( /186+

188

u&t'n ""- 00- Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran Edisi !!. F,rt: E>-

/#"mn ;44+41;

K#isti&'n'- 008- S"M Biologi SMA dan MA. F,rt: Er"n((- /#"mn 100+

1012 115+11


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E9e"&n >-$er3e- 011- anatomi dan fisiologi untuk paramedis. %,rt: rme!i

Pust, Utm /#"mn @8+@@2 ;0;+;05

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