PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

PERIODE LXXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 2018/2019

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

PERANCANGAN GREEN MALL DI

KAWASAN BSB CITY SEMARANG

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh :

Angga Dibda A

NIM :15.A1.0121

Dosen pembimbing :

Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno, M.T

NIDN : 0625116302

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

Maret 2019

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PRAKATA

Puji Syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas Rahmat-Nya sehingga

penulis dapat menyelesaikan Landasan Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur

dengan judul “ Perancangan Green Mall di Kawasan BSB City Semarang ” sebagai

syarat menyelesaikan program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur ke-75 Program Studi

Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata,

Semarang.

Proposal ini dibuat berkat dukungan dan bantuan berbagai pihak yang

terkait. Tidak lupa juga penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:

1. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT., selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah

memberikan kritik dan saran selama proses pembuatan proposal ini.

2. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT., selaku dosen koordinator Proyek Akhir

Arsitektur 75 yang memberikan kesempatan dan menyetujui judul untuk

dilanjutkan ke tahap proposal.

3. Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan ST B, MT., selaku dosen wali yang telah membantu dan

memberi pengarahan selama masa perkuliahan

4. M. D. Nestri Kiswari, ST, MSc. Selaku Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur.

5. Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA., PhD. Selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain.

6. Kedua orang tua dan keluarga yang telah membantu dan mendukung baik

secara materil dan doa untuk menyelesaikan proposal ini.

7. Teman-teman dan banyak pihak yang juga sudah memberikan semangat dan

doa dalam menyelesaikan proposal ini.

Berharap dengan disusunnya Proposal ini dapat memberikan gambaran dan

maksud mengenai gagasan Proyek Akhir Arsitektur periode 75 dengan judul “

Perancangan Green Mall di Kawasan BSB City Semarang ” serta mengharapkan

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DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN .............................................................. iii

PRAKATA .......................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. x

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xii

DAFTAR DIAGRAM .......................................................................................... xiv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek .................................................................................. 1

1.2 Masalah Desain ............................................................................................ 3

1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Pembahasan ................................................................ 3

1.3.1 Tujuan Pembahasan .............................................................................. 3

1.3.2 Manfaat Pembahasan ............................................................................ 4

1.4 Sistematika Pembahasan ............................................................................. 4

1.4.1 BAB I Pendahuluan ................................................................................ 4

1.4.2 BAB II Gambaran Umum........................................................................ 4

1.4.3 BAB III Pemrograman Arsitektur ............................................................ 5

1.4.4 BAB IV Analisa Masalah ........................................................................ 5

1.4.5 BAB V Landasan Teori ........................................................................... 5

1.4.6 BAB VI Pendekatan Perancangan ......................................................... 5

1.4.7 BAB VII Landasan Perancangan ............................................................ 5

BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM ............................................................................... 6

2.1 Gambaran Umum Fungsi Bangunan ............................................................. 6

2.1.1 Definisi Fungsi Bangunan ....................................................................... 6

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2.1.2 Karakteristik Fungsi Bangunan ............................................................... 8

2.1.3 Jenis Ruang ........................................................................................... 9

2.1.4 Persyaratan Umum terhadap Ruang ...................................................... 9

2.1.5 Utilitas pada Pusat Perbelanjaan ( Mall ) ................................................ 9

2.2 Gambaran Umum Kegiatan di dalam Bangunan .......................................... 10

2.2.1 Pelaku .................................................................................................. 10

2.2.2 Kegiatan ............................................................................................... 11

2.2.3 Fasilitas ................................................................................................ 12

2.2.4 Kategori dan Jenis Barang yang Dijual ................................................. 13

2.2.5 Sistem Operasional Green Mall ............................................................ 19

2.3 Gambaran Umum Lokasi diluar Tapak ........................................................ 20

2.4 Gambaran Umum Tapak ............................................................................. 26

BAB III PEMROGRAMAN ARSITEKTUR ......................................................... 31

3.1 Analisa Fungsi Bangunan ............................................................................ 31

3.1.1 Kapasitas dan Karakteristik Pengguna ................................................. 31

3.1.1.1 Studi Pelaku ............................................................................... 31

3.1.1.2 Perhitungan Jumlah Pelaku ........................................................ 32

3.1.2 Analisa Pengguna dan Aktivitas ........................................................... 36

3.1.2.1 Studi Aktivitas ............................................................................. 36

3.1.2.2 Pola Aktivitas .............................................................................. 42

3.1.3 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang Dalam ............................................................ 45

3.1.3.1 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang .............................................................. 45

3.1.3.2 Studi Persyaratan Ruang ............................................................ 48

3.1.3.3 Studi Ruang Khusus ................................................................... 54

3.1.3.4 Studi Besaran Ruang .................................................................. 67

3.1.3.5 Rekapitulasi Besaran Ruang....................................................... 76

3.1.4 Struktur Ruang ..................................................................................... 76

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3.1.4.1 Pengelompokan Ruang .............................................................. 76

3.1.4.2 Zonasi Ruang ............................................................................. 77

3.1.4.3 Organisasi Ruang ....................................................................... 77

3.1.4.4 Pola Hubungan Ruang ................................................................ 78

3.2 Analisa Tapak .............................................................................................. 81

3.2.1 Jenis Ruang Luar ................................................................................. 81

3.2.1.1 Kebutuhan Ruang Luar ............................................................... 81

3.2.1.2 Dimensi Ruang Luar ................................................................... 82

3.2.2 Zonasi Ruang Luar ............................................................................... 83

3.2.3 Kebutuhan Luas Lahan ........................................................................ 83

3.2.4 Rekapitulasi Kebutuhan Luas Ruang Luar............................................ 84

3.3 Analisa Lingkungan Buatan ......................................................................... 85

3.3.1 Analisa Bangunan Sekitarnya ............................................................... 85

3.3.2 Analisa Transportasi dan Utilitas Kota .................................................. 85

3.3.3 Analisa Vegetasi ................................................................................... 87

3.4 Analisa Lingkungan Alami ........................................................................... 88

3.4.1 Analisa Klimatik .................................................................................... 88

BAB IV ANALISA MASALAH ........................................................................... 89

4.1 Kajian Komprehensif.................................................................................... 89

4.2 Pernyataan Masalah .................................................................................... 90

BAB V LANDASAN TEORI .............................................................................. 91

5.1 Elaborasi Teoritik ......................................................................................... 91

5.1.1 Tinjauan tentang Mall ........................................................................... 91

5.1.2 Pengertian Green Mall .......................................................................... 99

5.1.3 Pengertian Green Building .................................................................. 101

5.1.4 Pengertian Eco - Living....................................................................... 102

5.1.5 Arsitektur Post Modern ....................................................................... 106

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BAB VI PENDEKATAN PERANCANGAN ...................................................... 109

6.1 Penetapan Pendekatan Perancangan ....................................................... 109

6.1.1 Pendekatan Kontekstual ................................................................ 109

BAB VII LANDASAN PERANCANGAN ......................................................... 111

7.1 Landasan Perancangan Tata Ruang Bangunan ........................................ 111

7.2 Landasan Perancangan Bentuk Bangunan ................................................ 111

7.3 Landasan Perancangan Struktur Bangunan .............................................. 112

7.4 Landasan Perancangan Bahan Bangunan ................................................ 112

7.5 Landasan Perancangan Wajah Bangunan ................................................. 113

7.6 Landasan Perancangan Tata Ruang Tapak .............................................. 115

7.7 Landasan Perancangan Utilitas Bangunan ................................................ 116

7.7.1 Sistem Air Bersih ................................................................................ 116

7.7.2 Sistem Air Kotor ................................................................................. 117

7.7.3 Sistem Pengolahan Air Hujan ............................................................. 117

7.7.4 Sistem Pengolahan Sampah .............................................................. 118

7.7.5 Sistem Penanggulangan Bencana ...................................................... 118

7.7.6 Sistem Jaringan Listrik........................................................................ 119

7.8 Landasan Perancangan Penghawaan ....................................................... 120

7.9 Landasan Perancangan Pencahayaan ...................................................... 122

7.10 Landasan Perancangan Keamanan ( Safety ) ......................................... 123

7.10.1 Sistem Safety di dalam Bangunan .................................................... 123

7.10.2 Sistem Penangkal Petir .................................................................... 123

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 124

LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................... 1265

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Master Plan di BSB City Semarang ............................................... 21

Gambar 2.2. Kondisi Sekitar Tapak di BSB City Semarang ............................... 22

Gambar 2.3. Peta Wilayah Kecamatan Mijen ..................................................... 23

Gambar 2.4. Tata Guna Lahan BSB City Semarang .......................................... 24

Gambar 2.5. Peta Topografi Kecamatan Mijen .................................................. 25

Gambar 2.6. Peta Rawan Bencana Kecamatan Mijen ....................................... 25

Gambar 2.7. Peta Material Batuan Kecamatan Mijen ......................................... 26

Gambar 2.8. Peta Jenis Tanah Kecamatan Mijen .............................................. 26

Gambar 2.9. Lokasi Tapak di BSB City Semarang ............................................. 28

Gambar 3.1. Tampak Depan Toko ..................................................................... 55

Gambar 3.2. Sirkulasi Toko ................................................................................ 58

Gambar 3.3. Komponen bagian depan Toko...................................................... 62

Gambar 3.4. Potongan Display Windows ........................................................... 62

Gambar 3.5. Tata Letak Tipikal Supermarket ..................................................... 66

Gambar 3.6. Zonasi Ruang ................................................................................ 77

Gambar 3.7. Zonasi Ruang Luar ........................................................................ 83

Gambar 3.8. Analisa Bangunan Sekitar ............................................................. 84

Gambar 3.9. Analisa Transportasi ...................................................................... 85

Gambar 3.10. Analisa Utilitas ............................................................................. 86

Gambar 3.11 Analisa Vegetasi .......................................................................... 87

Gambar 3.12.. Analisa Iklim ............................................................................... 87

Gambar 3.13. Potongan Posisi BSB City Semarang .......................................... 88

Gambar 5.1. Sirkulasi Sistem Mall ..................................................................... 96

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Gambar 5.2. Pola Peletakkan Generator Mall .................................................... 96

Gambar 5.3. Pola Aktivitas dalam sebuah Retail ............................................... 97

Gambar 5.4. One Way Service Road ................................................................. 97

Gambar 5.5. One Way Service Road to Shops .................................................. 98

Gambar 5.6. Sistem T ........................................................................................ 98

Gambar 5.7. Pola Loading Deck ........................................................................ 99

Gambar 5.8. Tanaman Jenis Sansiviera .......................................................... 105

Gambar 5.9. Tanaman Jenis Palem ................................................................. 105

Gambar 5.10. Tanaman Jenis Puring............................................................... 105

Gambar 7.1. Pola Bentuk Linear ...................................................................... 110

Gambar 7.2. Konsep Warna ............................................................................ 113

Gambar 7.3. Double Glazing ........................................................................... 113

Gambar 7.4. Elemen Tumbuhan Hijau pada Fasad Bangunan ........................ 114

Gambar 7.5. Sistem Panen Air Hujan .............................................................. 115

Gambar 7.6. Skema Kerja Bak Lemak ............................................................. 116

Gambar 7.7. Skema Pengolahan Air Kotor ...................................................... 116

Gambar 7.8. Pengelompokkan Jenis Sampah ................................................. 117

Gambar 7.9. Sistem Penanggulangan Bencana Kebakaran ............................ 118

Gambar 7.10. Sistem Pompa Air untuk Hydrant ............................................... 118

Gambar 7.11. Tray Jaringan Listrik & Sub Distribution Panel ........................... 119

Gambar 7.12. Panel Surya ............................................................................... 119

Gambar 7.13. Sistem Penghawaan ................................................................. 120

Gambar 7.14. AHU, HVAC System .................................................................. 120

Gambar 7.15. Pencahayaan pada Mall ............................................................ 121

Gambar 7.16. Guard Rail Kaca ........................................................................ 122

Gambar 7.17. Penangkal Petir ......................................................................... 122

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Pengelompokkan Fasilitas................................................................. 12

Tabel 2.2. Pengelompokkan Departemen Food ................................................. 18

Tabel 2.3. Pengelompokkan Departemen Nonfood ............................................ 18

Tabel 2.4. Pengelompokkan Departemen Household ........................................ 18

Tabel 2.5. Pengelompokkan Toys ...................................................................... 18

Tabel 2.6. Tabel Kriteria Penilaian Tapak .......................................................... 27

Tabel 2.7. Tabel Penilaian Tapak ....................................................................... 28

Tabel 3.1. Jumlah Penduduk Kota Semarang .................................................... 33

Tabel 3.2. Jumlah Pengelola .............................................................................. 36

Tabel 3.3. Studi Aktivitas Pengunjung ................................................................ 38

Tabel 3.4. Studi Aktivitas Pengelola ................................................................... 41

Tabel 3.5. Studi Aktivitas Servis ......................................................................... 42

Tabel 3.6. Waktu Operasional ............................................................................ 45

Tabel 3.7. Studi Kebutuhan Ruang .................................................................... 47

Tabel 3.8. Studi Persyaratan Ruang .................................................................. 53

Tabel 3.9. Tipe Merchandise .............................................................................. 56

Tabel 3.10. Unit Retailer, Dealer Tipe A ............................................................. 63

Tabel 3.11. Unit Retailer, Dealer Tipe B ............................................................. 64

Tabel 3.12. Department Store ............................................................................ 64

Tabel 3.13. Studi Besaran Ruang ...................................................................... 75

Tabel 3.14. Pengelompokan Ruang ................................................................... 76

Tabel 3.15. Pengelompokan Ruang ................................................................... 77

Tabel 3.16 Kebutuhan Ruang Luar .................................................................... 81

Tabel 3.17. Perhitungan Kebutuhan Luas Parkir ................................................ 82

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Tabel 3.18. Rekapitulasi Kebutuhan Luas Ruang Luar ...................................... 84

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DAFTAR DIAGRAM

Diagram 3.1. Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung Umum ................................................. 42

Diagram 3.2. Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung Khusus ............................................... 43

Diagram 3.3. Pola Aktivitas Pengelola ............................................................... 43

Diagram 3.4. Pola Aktivitas Servis ..................................................................... 44

Diagram 3.5. Hubungan Ruang Makro ............................................................... 78

Diagram 3.6. Hubungan Ruang Mikro Pengunjung ............................................ 79

Diagram 3.7. Hubungan Ruang Mikro Pengelola ............................................... 79

Diagram 3.8. Hubungan Ruang Mikro Karyawan ............................................... 80

Diagram 3.9. Hubungan Ruang Mikro Servis ..................................................... 80

Diagram 3.10. Hubungan Ruang Mikro ME & Plumbing ..................................... 81