k";rs;,uf';fs;:

nfh 1/ gpv!;Mh; 1/ 2 (gthdprhfh; 1/2) nuhkh/ !;bth;zh/ Rjh;#dh

u';fh/ uh#;kp/ uhn$e;jpu nrhdpah/ fpU#;zh/ RFzh/ Rfe;jk;/ Rnuhkh

kw;Wk; Myg;g[Hh.

• cs;Sh; tiffs;: <nuhL kw;Wk; nryk; k";rs; Kf;fpa ehl;L tiffs;

MFk;.

kz; kw;Wk; jl;gbtg;gk;:

• k";rs; xU btg;g kz;lyg; gaph; MFk;. ey;y tofhy;

trjpa[ila brk;kz; kw;Wk; ,Ukz;ghL epyk; kpft[k;

cfe;jJ.

• k";rs; bgUk;ghYk; ,witg; gapuhfnt rhFgo

bra;ag;gLfpwJ.

• Mz;L xd;Wf;F ruhrhp kiH 1500 kp.kP. nky; cs;s

gFjpfspy; k";ris khdhthhpahf gaphplyhk;.

• fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 2500 kPl;lh; cauk; tiu cs;s

,l';fspYk; rhFgo bra;ayhk;.

• gUtk; ::

jkpH;ehl;oy; nk - $%d; khjk; kpft[k; Vw;w gUtkhFk;.

epyk; jahhpj;jy;

• epyj;ij \d;W my;yJ ehd;F Kiw cGJ gz;gLj;j

ntz;Lk;. filrp cHtpd; nghJ vf;lUf;F 10 ld; kf;fpa

bjhGcuk; ,l;L kz;qld; ed;F fyf;f ntz;Lk;.

epyj;ij rkg;gLj;jpa gpd;g[ 45 br.kP. ,ilbtspapy; ghh;fs;

mikf;f ntz;Lk;.

• tpija[k; tpijg;g[k;

• tpijast[: vf;lUf;F 1500 - 2000 fpnyh tpij k";rs;

• tpij neh;j;jp:

tpijg;gjw;F Kd; xU fpuhk; vkprhd; kUe;jpid xU ypl;lh; jz;zPhpy;

fiuj;J/ mjpy; tpij k";ris 10 epkplk; Cw itj;J/ gpd; epHypy;

cyh;j;jp tpijf;f ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; fpH';F mGfy; nehiaf;

fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. Seed treatment with P. fluorescens 10 g/kg and T. virideas 4 g/ Kg.

• ,ilbtsp :

epyj;jpw;F ePh; gha;r;rp tpij k";risg; ghh;fspd; Xuj;jpy; 15 Kjy; 20

br.kP. ,ilbtspapy; 4 br.kP. MHj;jpy; el ntz;Lk;.

•

• xU';fpize;j Cl;lr;rj;J nkyhz;ik (150 : 60 :108

NPK/ha)

kf;fpa bjhGcuk; 10 ld;fs; ntg;gk; g[z;zhf;F my;yJ

fliyg; g[z;zhf;F 200 fpnyh/ kzpr;rj;J 60 fpnyh, 30

fpnyh bgu!; ry;ngl;/ 15 fpnyh Jj;jehf ry;ngl;

,lntz;Lk;. mnrh!;ighpy;yk; my;yJ gh!;nghghf;Ohpah

10 fpnyh ,l ntz;Lk;.

• nkYuk; : k";rs; el;l 30/ 60/ 90 kw;Wk; 120-k; ehl;fspy;

jiHr;rj;J 150 fpnyh kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;J 108 fpnyh

bfhLf;ff; Toa ,urhad cu';fis ,l ntz;Lk;.

,Uk;g[ ry;ngl ; 375 fpuhk;

Jj;jehf ry;ngl; 375 fpuhk;

nghuhf;!; 375 fpuhk;

a{hpah 375 fpuhk;

nghuhd;/ ,Uk;g[ kw;Wk; Jj;jehf Fiw ghl;oidj; jtph;f;f

Ez;q}l;lr; rj;J fyitia ,iy tHp Cl;lkhf fpH';Ffs; gpof;Fk;

jUzj;jpy; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. Ng;gh; gh!;ngl; 15 fpnyhit 25 ypl;lh;

jz;zPhpy; fiuj;J xU ehs; ,ut[ Cw itf;f ntz;Lk;. kWehs; fhiy

bjspe;j ePiu vLj;J mjpy; fPH;f;fz;l cg;g[fisr; nrh;j;J 250 ypl;lh;

jz;zPh; Cw;wp/ ,iyfspd; nky; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;

Ez;q}l;lr;rj;J ,Ljy;

• fis fl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk; gpd;bra; neh;j;jp

• fis eph;thfk; : el;l \d;whtJ ehspy; ng!ypd; fisf; bfhy;yp

vf;lUf;F 2 ypl;lh; vd;w mstpy; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

• elt[ bra;j 30-tJ ehs; Kjy; fisa[k;/ gpd; 50/ 120 kw;Wk; 150

ehl;fspYk; fis vLf;f ntz;Lk;./

• rpd;d bt';fhaj;ij CLgapuhfg; gaph; bra;tjhf ,Ue;jhy;/ ng!ypd;

kUe;ij rpd;d bt';fhak; tpijg;g[ bra;jt[ld; kz;zpd; kPJ bjspf;f

ntz;Lk;.

• CLgaph; : k";ris ,se; bjd;de;j njhg;g[fspy; CLgapuhf

gaph; bra;ayhk;.

• k";rs; njhl;l';fspy; bfhj;jky;yp/ bte;jak;/ bt';fhak;/

kpsfha; gaW tiffs; nghd;w gaph;fis mfd;w ,il

btspapy; gapUf;F jf;fthW CLgapuhfg; gaphplyhk;.

• k";ris rpwpjst[ epHypYk; rhFgo bray;yhk;. epHy;

xG';F gLj;Jk; gapuhf mfj;jp kw;Wk; Mkzf;F nghd;w

gaph;fisg; gaphplyhk;.

kz; mizj;jy; :

,uz;lhtJ nkYuk; kw;Wk; ehd;fhtJ nkYuk;

,Lk;nghJ kz; mizf;f ntz;Lk;.

ePh; eph;thfk;

• k";rs; elt[f;F Kd;g[k;/ gpwF elt[ bra;j

\d;whk; ehSk; caph;j; jz;zPh; gha;r;r

ntz;Lk;. gpd;g[ kz;zpd; jd;ikf;nfw;g

thuk; xU Kiw ePh;g;gha;r;r ntz;Lk;.

• mWtil

• k";rs; elt[ bra;j xd;gJ khj';fspy; mWtilf;Fj;

jahuhFk;. ,iyfs; k";rs; epwkhf khWtJ kw;Wk;

,iyfs; fha;e;J tpLtjd; \yk; k";rs;

mWtilf;Fj; jahuhfp tpl;lJ vd;gij mwpayhk;.

• gpd; bfhj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp k";risf; bfhj;jp vLf;f

ntz;Lk;.

• kfNy;

• xU vf;lhpypUe;J Rkhh; 25 Kjy; 30 ld; tiu k";ris

(<u k";rs;) mWtil bra;ayhk;. ,jpypUe;J 5-6 ld;

bkUnfw;wpa k";rs; fpilf;Fk;.

• mWtilf;Fg; gpd;bra; neh;j;jp

k";rs; gjg;gLj;Jtjpy; fGt[jy;/

ntfitj;jy;/ cyh;j;jy;/ bkUTl;Ljy;/

epw\l;Ljy;/ kw;Wk; nrkpj;jy; nghd;w

bra;Kiwfs; ml';Ffpd;wd.

• ,uf';fs;

• nf 1/ nf 2/ nfh 1/ nfh 2/ nfh 3/ gpnfvk; 1

• flw;fiunahu tlfpHf;F khtl;l';fSf;F gaphpl Vw;w tif : gpvy;Mh; 1.

• ,ijj;jtpu/ rhj;J}h; rk;gh/ ,ukhehjg[uk; Fz;L/ ek;gpa{h; Fz;L Mfpa

ehl;L tiffSk; me;je;j gFjpfspy; gaph; bra;gg;gLfpd;wd.

kpsfha;

• kz; kw;Wk; jl;gbtg;g epiy

• ey;y tofhy; trjpa[ila epy';fs; kpsfha; gaphpl Vw;wit.

• fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 2000 kPl;lh; cauk; tiu cs;s btg;gg;

gpunjr';fspy; kpsfha; ed;F tsUk;.

• ciwgdp ,y;yhj 20-25° brd;o fpnul; tiu ,Uf;ff; Toa

btg;gk; cfe;jJ. khdhthhpapYk;/ ,witapYk; ,ijg;

gaphplyhk;.

• ,g;gapUf;F 24 kzp neuj;jpw;F nky; ePh; nj';fp epd;why;

broapd; nth;fs; mGfptpLk;.

• tpijj;jy; kw;Wk; elt[ gUtk;

• 1 $dthp - gpg;uthp

• 2 $%d; - $%iy

• 3 brg;lk;gh;

tpij mst[

xU vf;lUf;F xU fpnyh (ehw;w';fhYf;F) neuo tpijg;gpw;F 2 fpnyh.

• tpij neh;j;jp :

tpij \yk; gut[k; Edpf;fUfy; neha;/ gHk; mGfy; neha; Mfpatw;iwf;

fl;Lg;gLj;j xU fpnyh tpijf;F fhg;lhd; my;yJ jpuhk; 2 my;yJ

l;iunfhblh;kh tphpo 4 fpuhk; tPjk; fye;J 24 kzp neuk; itj;jpUe;J

tpijf;f ntz;Lk;. mnrh!;ighpy;yk; Ez;qaphpia vf;lUf;F 2

bghl;lyk; tPjk; tpij neh;j;jp bra;tjhy; jiHr;rj;jpd; njitapid 25

tpGf;fhL mst[f;Ff; Fiwf;fyhk;.

ehw;w';fhy; :

ehw;w';fhYf;F nkl;Lg; ghj;jpfs; 1 kPl;lh; mfyKk;/ 3 kP

ePsKk;/ 15 br.kP. cauKk; bfhz;ljhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.

xU brd;l; ehw;w';fhYf;F kf;fpa bjhG cuk; 75 fpnyh ,l

ntz;Lk;. ghj;jpfspy; tpijfis 2 br.kP. MHj;jpy; 5-10

br.kP. ,ilbtspapy; thpirapy; tpijf;f ntz;Lk;.

tpijj;j gpwF itf;nfhy; my;yJ cyh;e;j ,iyfisg;

ghj;jpfspd; nky; gug;g ntz;Lk;.

g{thsp bfhz;L jz;zPh; Cw;wt[k;. tpijj;j 10-15 ehl;fspy;

ghj;jpfspy; gug;gpaij mfw;wptpl ntz;Lk;.

• ehw;w';fhypy; nth; mGfy; nehiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;j 15 ehl;fs;

,ilbtspapy; g[Sfhg;gh; 2.5 fpuhk; kUe;ij 1 ypl;lh; ePhpy;

fye;j Cw;w ntz;Lk;.

• elt[f;fhf ehw;W gpL';Ftjw;F 15 ehl;fSf;F Kd; xU

brd;l; ehw;w';fhYf;F 250 fpuhk; gpa{uhld; FUizfis

,LtJ E}w;g[G kw;Wk; ,sk; gaphpy; rhW cwp";Rk;

g{r;rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j cjt[k;.

• eLtjw;F 40 Kjy; 44 ehl;fs; taJila ehw;Wf;fns

Vw;wit. neuoahf tpijf;fg;gl;l ghj;jpfspy; tpijj;j 30

ehl;fSf;Fg; gpwF njitahd gah; vz;zpf;if ,Uf;FkhW

fiyj;J ,ilepiwt[ bra;tJ mtrpak;

epyk; jahhpj;jy;

• epyj;ij 4 Kiw cGJ/ filrp cHtpd; nghJ vf;lUf;F 25 ld;

bjhG vU my;yJ kf;Ff;Fg;ig ,l;L 45 br.kP. ,ilbtspapy;

ghh;fs; mikj;J/ gapUf;Fg; gaph; 30 br.kP. ,ilbtspapy;

elntz;Lk;. nfh 3 tiffSf;F 30 x 15 br.kP. ,ilbtsp.

xU';fpize;j Cl;lr;rj;J nkyhz;ik

• cukpLjy; : moa[ukhf vf;lUf;F 60 fpnyh kzpr;rj;J/ 30 fpnyh

rhk;gy; rj;J ,lntz;Lk;. khdhthhp my;yJ ,witg; gaph;

,uz;ow;Fk; jiHr;rj;ij \d;W Kiw gphpj;J ,lntz;Lk;.

tpijj;j 70/ 100 kw;Wk; 130-tJ ehs;/ elt[g; gaphpy; el;l 30/ 60/ 90-

k; ehs; xt;bthU Kiwa[k; vf;lUf;F 30 fpnyh tPjk; ,lntz;Lk;.

cuk; ,l;lgpd; ePh;gha;r;r ntz;Lk;.

ePh; eph;thfk;

• nfhilf; fhy';fspy; 7 ehl;fSf;F xU Kiwa[k;/

kiHf;fhy';fspy; 15 ehl;fSf;F xU Kiwa[k; ePh; gha;r;r

ntz;Lk;.

fis fl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk; gpd;bra; neh;j;jp

• fisf;fl;Lg;ghL: ,witg; gaph; ehw;Wfs; el;l 3-tJ ehs;

vf;lUf;F g[SFnshuypd; xU fpnyh kUe;J vd;w mstpy; 500

ypl;lh; ePhpy; fye;J rPuhff; ifj;bjspg;ghd; bfhz;L bjspf;f

ntz;Lk;. el;l 45-tJ ehs; kz; midj;J xU iff;fis vLf;f

ntz;Lk;.

• CLgaph; : kpsfhapy; 45 br.kP. vd;w mstpy; thpirf;F thpir

,ilbtsp tpl;L CLgapuf bfhj;jky;yp my;yJ rpd;d

bt';fhaj;ij ,U thpirf;F kj;jpapy; tsh;j;J fisfisf;

fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ kl;Lky;yhky; cghp tUkhdK; bgwyhk;.

• gah; Cf;fpfs; bjspj;jy;

: g{f;fs;/ gp";Rfs; cjph;tijj; jLf;ft[k;/ g{f;fs;

tpLtijj; J}z;lt[k; el;l 60 my;yJ tpijj;j

100tJ ehspy; xU Kiwa[k; nkYk; 30 ehl;fSf;Fg;

gpwF ,uz;lhtJ Kiwa[k; tsh;r;rp Cf;fp (vd;VV)

10 kpy;yp fpuhk; xU ypl;lh; ePh; vd;w mstpy; fye;J

ijj; bjspg;ghd; \yk; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

xU vf;lUf;F - 210 - 240 ehl;fspy;

tw;wy; - 2-3 ld;

gr;ir kpsfha; - 10-15 ld;

mWtil

gr;ir kpsfhia el;l 75 ehl;fspYk; my;yJ tpijj;j 105 ehl;fspYk;/

gGj;j gH';fis xU khjj;jpw;Fg; gpd;Dk; mWtil bra;ayhk;. nkYk; 3

Kjy; 4 khj';fSf;F bjhlh;e;J mWtil bra;ayhk;. Kjy; ,uz;L

gwpg;g[fspypUe;J gr;ir kpsfha[k;/ mLj;j gwpg;g[fspypUe;J gGj;j

kpsfha[k; mWtil bra;ayhk;.

kfNy;

ntshz;gaph; rhFgof;F njitahd ,LbghUl;fspd;

mst[fis fzf;fpLjy; (tpij kw;Wk; cu';fs;)

gapu] vz]zpf]if =bkhj]j gug]gst[

,ilbtsp (br. kP)

tpij mst[ =

100 / 1000 tpij vil x gapu] vz]zpf]if x xU brof]fhd tpij

vz]zpf]if x 100

1000 x 1000 / 100 X Kisg]g[j]jpwd

cu mst[ -

100

X

ghpe]Jiuf]fg]gl]l

rj]Jfspd] mst[

(fpnyh / vf]lu])rj]jpd] fplf]if rjtPjk]