Konsep Matematika Untuk Anak Usia Dini

7/23/2019 Konsep Matematika Untuk Anak Usia Dini

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IBC]@_

JN\@JN\HINPc|pi Ncni P}hn LhchK`}|nvh IW+ J#Dpj


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< Ibc}`p Jn|`jn|hin Pc|i Ncni P}hn Lhch


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0Ibc}`p Jn|`jn|hin Pc|i Ncni P}hn Lhch

FNF H

_@CLNDPKPNC

Fngh }`fnghnc bvncg|n j`clnjphcgh ncni }nn|

f`vjnhc n|n f`knenv fincknd p`i`vennc xncg vhcgnc+

npnkngh fhkn dnv} j`cgnh|inccxn l`cgnc |enc lnc

jncann| lnvh }`|hnp i`ghn|nc f`vjnhc ncni# L`jhihnc dnkcxn

l`cgnc j`cg`jfncginc i`jnjpnc jn|`jn|hin pnln

ncni# Ncni k`fhd }`vhcg lhjhc|n j`cgdnpnkinc ncgin*ncgin+ejknd+ f`c|i*f`c|i g`bj`|vh+ f`vfngnh knjfncg lnc

fndn}n jn|`jn|hin+ |ncpn p`vk j`jndnjh pvhc}hp*pvhc}hp

ln}nvcxn# Fhkn l`jhihnc+ jnin }ncgn| f`}nv i`jcgihcnc

ncni ninc j`cgnknjh i`}kh|nc i`|hin j`jn}ih i`kn} = ]L#

Bvncg|n i`jlhnc fnv j`cxnlnvh fndwn ncni*ncni j`v`in

}`}cggdcxn f`kj j`jndnjh ibc}`p ln}nv jn|`jn|hin#

_nlndnk+ ncni }lnd jknh j`cg`jfncginc ibc}`p

jn|`jn|hin lnvh f`vfngnh i`ghn|nc }`dnvh*dnvh# Jh}nkcxn i`*

|hin fnxh+ ncni |nd fndwn lhn i`mhk }`lncginc hf lnc nxnd*

cxn f`}nv+ j`}ihpc ncni f`kj lnpn| j`cgcginpinccxn

lnknj fndn}n kh}nc# I`|hin f`v}hn fn|h|n $fnwnd |hgn |ndc(+

ncni |nd fndwn ehin hn j`cjpi }n| fnkbi pnln fnkbi

xncg knhc jnin fnkbicxn ninc f`v|njfnd fncxni $enlh ln(


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FNF HH

J@CG@CNKINC IBC]@_JN\@JN\HIN _NLN NCNI

N# _`cg`v|hnc Jn|`jn|hin

Jn|`jn|hin j`vpninc }nknd }n| e`ch} p`cg`|ndnc xncg

lhf|dinc jnc}hn lnknj j`cenkncinc i`dhlpnccxn }`*

dnvh*dnvh# Jh}nkcxn i`|hin f`vf`kncen jnin ih|n p`vk j`jh*

khd lnc j`cgdh|cg ejknd f`cln xncg ninc lhf`kh lnc dnvgnxncg dnv} lhfnxnv# ]nn| ninc p`vgh+ ih|n p`vk j`cghcgn| nvnd

enknc |`jpn| xncg ninc lhln|ncgh+ f`vnpn knjn endcxn+ }`v|n

j`jhkhd enknc xncg k`fhd fh}n m`pn| }njpnh lh |enc+ lkk#

Fhkn ih|n f`vphihv |`c|ncg jn|`jn|hin jnin ih|n ninc j`j*

fhmnvninc |`c|ncg p`v}njnnc lnc p`vf`lnnc+ p`cgn|vnc

hcabvjn}h"ln|n+ j`jndnjh |`c|ncg ncgin+ ejknd+ pbkn*pbkn+

vncg+ f`c|i+ p`vihvnnc lnc p`vfnclhcgnc#_`cg`|ndnc |`c|ncg jn|`jn|hin }`f`cnvcxn }lnd fh}n

lhp`vi`cnkinc pnln ncni }`eni }hn lhch $}hn kndhv*1 |ndc(#

_nln ncni*ncni }hn lh fnwnd |hgn |ndc+ ibc}`p jn|`jn*

|hin lh|`jinc }`|hnp dnvh j`knkh p`cgnknjnc f`vjnhccxn#

Jh}nkcxn }nn| j`jfnghinc i` i`pnln }`|hnp |`jnccxn+

j`cncg nhv lnvh }n| wnlnd i` wnlnd knhc+ j`cgjpkinc


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F# J`cg`cnkinc Ibc}`p Ncgin pnln ncni }hn

fnwnd = |ndcPc|i j`cg`cnkinc ibc}`p ncgin pnln ncni }hn lhfnwnd

= |ndc lnpn| lhkniinc j`knkh |hgn |ndnp+ xnh|5

># j`jfhkncg+ xnh| j`cx`f|inc fhkncgnc f`vln}nvinc

v|nc

6# j`cmbmbinc }`|hnp ncgin l`cgnc f`cln xncg }`lncg

lhdh|cg+

=# j`jfnclhcginc nc|nvn i`kbjpbi f`cln }n| l`cgnci`kbjpbi f`cln xncg knhc c|i j`cg`|ndh ejknd

f`cln xncg k`fhd fncxni+ k`fhd }`lhih|+ n|n }njn

Ncni*ncni jknh lnpn| j`cg`jfncginc p`jndnjnc*

cxn |`c|ncg ibc}`p ncgin fhkn j`v`in lhneni j`cggcninc

ncgin*ncgin lh lnknj f`vfngnh i`ghn|nc }`dnvh*dnvh# Jh}nk*

cxn j`cgneni ncni j`cxncxhinc kng xncg j`jn| ncgin}`p`v|h kng ]n|*}n|+ j`jhc|n |hgn ncni c|i j`jfnc|

j`cn|n j en jninc n|n j`k`|ninc nkn| "fndnc jnhc#

F`f`vnpn mbc|bd i`ghn|nc xncg fh}n lhkniinc bvncg |n

lnknj j`cg`jfncginc ibc}`p ncgin pnln ncni }hn fnwnd

|hgn |ndc+ xnh| 5

_nln fnxh $?*4 fknc( 5># ]njfhk j`jninhinc inb} inih pnln fnxh+ |`v}`cxj

pnln fnxh lnc j`cgmnpinc Cnd hch }n| inb} inih

c|i inih ihvh+ lnc }n| kngh c|i inih incnc# Ln inb}

inih c|i ln inih#

6# ]nn| ninc j`cxnpinc fh}ih| xncg lhdnk}inc+ }njfhk

|`v}`cxj i` fnxh ih|n mnpinc ]`invncg wni|cxn


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>>Ibc}`p Jn|`jn|hin Pc|i Ncni P}hn Lhch

jbfhk# F`vhinc gngn}nc c|i j`k`|ninc fn|n}nc pnln

}`|hnp jbfhk l`cgnc j`cggcninc fnkbi n}`}bvh}#

6# Neinc ncni l`cgnc p`v|ncxnnc }`p`v|h+ F`vnpn

jvj }`invncg2 I`|hin ncni j`cenwnf ln

jnin |ceinc l`cgnc ln envh }njfhk j`cgmnpinc

ln#

=# Neniknd ncni c|i f`v}njn*}njn f`vjnhc j`cjpi

f`f`vnpn fnkbi n|n invl}# I`|hin }`k`}nh+ |ncxninc

pnln ncni+ fncgcnc }hnpn xncg k`fhd |hcggh# Fhnvinc

ncni f`vin|n pcxni xncg k`fhd |hcggh# I`jlhnc

jhc|nknd ncni c|i j`cgdh|cg fnkbi n|n invl}

xncg }lnd lh|jpicxn#

Mbc|bd i`ghn|nc j`cg`cnkinc ibc}`p ncgin pnln ncni


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>6 Ibc}`p Jn|`jn|hin Pc|i Ncni P}hn Lhch

M#J`cg`cnkinc Ibc}`p _bkn lnc Dfcgnc pnln

ncni }hn fnwnd = |ndc_bkn j`vpninc }}cnc f`cln xncg |`vlhvh n|n} wnvcn+

f`c|i+ ejknd+ n|n p`vh}|hwn# Mbc|bd }}cnc pbkn f`v*

ln}nvinc ivnc5 f`}nv+ i`mhk+ f`}nv+ i`mhk# ]}cnc pbkn f`v*

ln}nvinc wnvcn5 j`vnd+ fhv+ j`vnd+ fhv# Lnc+ }}cnc pbkn

f`vln}nvinc p`vh}|hwn }`dnvh*dnvh5 }`}lnd jninc fh}ih|+

}nxn jhcj }}#

Pc|i j`cg`jfncginc i`jnjpnc j`cg`cnk pbkn lncdfcgnc+ ncni p`vk lhf`vh fncxni i`}`jpn|nc c|i j`cg*

gnkh lnc j`jnchpkn}h f`cln lnc j`cmn|n| p`v}njnnc lnc

p`vf`lnncxn#

F`f`vnpn mbc|bd i`ghn|nc xncg fh}n lhkniinc

bvncg|n lnknj j`cg`jfncginc pbkn lnc

dfcgnc5

_nln fnxh }hn ?*4 fknc5

># I`cninc pninhnc xncg k`fhd f`vwnvcn wnvch+ lnc fhnvinc

ncni j`jp`vdn|hinc mbvni pninhnc |`v}`f|#

6# ]njfhk j`jfnwn fb|bk }} ln|ncgh ncni lnc fhnvinc

ncni j`knjfnhinc |ncgnc j`cxnjf| i`ln|ncgnc

ncln#=# K`|ninc fnxh lh invp`| xncg f`v}hd lnc |hlni f`vl`f#

Fhnvinc ncni j`vn}ninc p`vjinnc invp`| l`cgnc

inihcxn#

_nln fnxh 4*>6 fknc5

># Njfhknd }`fnd }`clbi i`jlhnc l`in|inc i` l`pnc

jk| ncni# Fhnvinc ncni j`jfin jk|cxn#


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>=Ibc}`p Jn|`jn|hin Pc|i Ncni P}hn Lhch

6# K`|ninc f`vjnmnj*jnmnj mncgihv pkn}|hi l`cgnc

ivnc xncg f`vf`ln# Fhnvinc ncni f`vjnhc l`cgncmncgihv*mncgihv |`v}`f| lnc j`cmbfn j`cjpicxn#

=# K`|ninc }`mnvn nmni f`f`vnpn fnkbi kcni n|n invl}

lh knc|nh# F`vhinc gngn}nc ngnv ncni jn j`cgjpkinc

lnc j`cx}c fnkbi n|n invl} j`cenlh }`fnd fnvh}#

_nln ncni }hn >6*6< fknc5

># ]`lhninc nkn| j}hi g`clncg n|n fh}n lhfn| lnvh ink`cgf`in} fh}ih| n|n }} lh||p inv`| fnkbc# Neni ncni

ngnv jn j`jik g`clncg |`v}`f|# F`vhinc f`f`vnpn

mbc|bd hvnjn piknc g`clncg c|i lh|hv ncni#

6# ]`lhninc nhv lnknj fn}ibj f`vivnc }`lncg+ mncgihv

pkn}|hi+ lnc fb|bk n~n f`in}# F`vhinc gngn}nc ngnv

ncni j`cncg nhv l`cgnc mncgihv i` fb|bk#

=# I`|hin j`jfnmninc fi m`vh|n+ mnpinc inkhjn| xncglhkncg*kncg pnln f`f`vnpn dnknjnc f`vhi|cxn+

jh}nkcxn5 Cnd+ imhcg xncg |nlh wnvcn fkcxn p|hd#

Inkn imhcg xncg hch wnvcn fkcxn dh|nj#


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>< Ibc}`p Jn|`jn|hin Pc|i Ncni P}hn Lhch

j`jik fb|bk# Kniinc hch f`vkncg*kncg# ]`knce|cxn

ncni j`jik g`clncg |`vk`fhd lk lhhi|h ncni#=# Neni ncni c|i j`cjpi fi*fi jknh lnvh xncg

f`vivnc f`}nv dhcggn xncg pnkhcg i`mhk#

L# J`cg`cnkinc Ibc}`p Dfcgnc G`bj`|vh lnc

Vncg pnln ncni }hn fnwnd = |ndc

_`cg`v|hnc xncg lhjni}l lh }hch nlnknd ncni j`cg`cnk

f`c|i*f`c|i g`bj`|vh $}`gh|hgn+ }`gh `jpn|+ p`v}`gh+ khcg*invnc( xncg }njn lnc pb}h}h lhvhcxn lnknj }n| vncg# Ncni

fh}n pndnj |`c|ncg p`cg`v|hnc vncg xncg lhjni}l lh }hch

i`|hin j`vìn }nlnv ninc pb}h}h lhvhcxn lhdfcginc l`cgnc

f`cln*f`cln lnc p`cn|nnc lh }ì`khkhcgcxn# Ncni f`knenv |`c*

|ncg kbin}h"|`jpn| lnc k`|ni"pb}h}h+ }`p`v|h5 lh n|n}+ lh fnwnd+

pnln+ lh lnknj+ lh knv# ]`knhc h|+ ncni egn f`knenv |`c|ncg

p`cg`v|hnc envni+ }`p`v|h5 lìn|+ end+ lkk#J`cg`cnkinc dfcgnc g`bj`|vh lnc vncg pnln ncni

fh}n lhkniinc l`cgnc mnvn j`cgneni ncni f`vjnhc }njfhk

j`cgnjn|h f`vfngnh f`cln lh }ì`khkhcgcxn# Ncni ninc f`*

knenv fndwn f`cln xncg }n| j`jpcxnh f`c|i xncg }njn

l`cgnc f`cln xncg }n|cxn# I`|hin ncni j`khdn| fnd np`k

lnc f`vm`vh|n+ Fnd np k hch f`c|icxn }`p`v|h fbkn+ jnin

}`f`cnvcxn ncni }`lncg j`cg`jfncginc p`cg`v|hnc |`c*

|ncg g`bj`|vh# Bvncg |n xncg j`jhkhih ncni }hn >*= |ndc

lnpn| j`cx`lhninc fnkbi*fnkbi kcni n|n invl}*invl} f`*

in} bfn| lnvh f`vfngnh ivnc ngnv ncni fh}n f`vì}pkbvn}h

lnc j`jfncgc#

F`f`vnpn i`ghn|nc xncg fh}n lhkniinc bvncg|n c|i

j`cg`jfncginc dfcgnc g`bj`|vh lnc vncg pnln ncni5


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_nln ncni 6# Neni ncni f`vjnhc j`chp f}n }nfc lh knv# Njn|h npnxncg lhmnpinc ncni# $Jh}nkcxn5 Khdn| nln fncxni fbkn

.

6# Neni ncni c|i j`cg`cnk cnjn*cnjn f`cln lh }ìh|nv+

jh}nk5 Khdn|+ phvhcg hch }`p`v|h npn f`c|icxn# Fhnvinc

ncni xncg j`cenwnf#

@# J`cg`cnkinc ibc}`p J`jhkhd lncJ`cg`kbjpbinc pnln ncni }hn fnwnd = |ndc

J`jhkhd lnc j`cg`kbjpbinc j`khp|h i`jnjpnc

j`cgnjn|h lnc j`cmn|n| p`v}njnnc lnc p`vf`lnnc f`cln#

Ncni*ncni }hn lh fnwnd |hgn |ndc j`cg`cnk p`v}njnnc

lnc p`vf`lnnc j`knkh i`khjn hcl`vn j`vìn pnln }nn| f`*

vì}pkbvn}h l`cgnc f`cln*f`cln lh }ìh|nv# Ncni f`knenv

j`knkh j`jp`vdn|hinc+ j`cl`cgnv+ j`cx`c|d+ j`vn}ninc+j`cmhj fn f`cln*f`cln xncg lhjnhcinccxn+ }`dhcggn

j`cg`|ndh f`cln*f`cln xncg }njn lnc xncg f`vf`ln#

F`f`vnpn mbc|bd i`ghn|nc xncg fh}n lhkniinc bvncg|n

c|i j`cg`jfncginc i`jnjpnc j`jhkhd lnc j`cg`kbj*

pbinc pnln ncni 5

_nln fnxh ?*4 fknc5># I`|hin fnxh j`cncgh}+ in|ninc5 Xn hf ln|ncg# Hf

j`cl`cgnv }nvnj# Fnxh ninc f`knenv j`cg`cnkh

}nvn ncln#

6# F`vhinc 6 jnmnj jnhcnc fnxh xncg f`vfcxh# Fhnvinc

fnxh j`cceinc jhcn| pnln jnhcnc |`v|`c| lnc

j`jnhcinccxn#


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>7Ibc}`p Jn|`jn|hin Pc|i Ncni P}hn Lhch

_nln fnxh 4*>6 fknc5

># ]`lhninc 6 jnmnj fnd*fndnc jn}hcg*jn}hcg e`ch}=+ jh}nk5 np`k lnc e`vi pnln }`fnd wnlnd# Neniknd

ncni c|i j`jhkhd fnd lnc j`k`|ninc lh knv wnlnd#

6# ]`lhninc f`f`vnpn jnmnj nkn| lnpv xncg fh}n

lhfcxhinc }`p`v|h5 ||p pncmh+ ||p g`kn}+ phvhcg

ink`cg+ lkk# Fhnvinc ncni j`jhkhd nkn| |`v}`f| lnc

j`jfcxhinccxn j`cggcninc }ph| inx n|n pkn}|hi

c|i jninc jh#

_nln ncni >6*6< fknc5

># J`jf`vhinc }`fnd gnjfnv imhcg pnln ncni# Fhnvinc

ncni j`cx`f|inc cnjn fhcn|ncg |`v}`f|#

6# ]`lhninc 0 fnd fnkbi kcni wnvcn j`vnd# Neni ncni

c|i j`jfnvh}inc fnkbi*fnkbi |`v}`f| }`p`v|h fnvh}nc

fnkbi f`vln}nvinc pbkn wnvcn j`vnd#

_nln ncni 6# ]`lhninc > i`vncencg lnc f`f`vnpn fbkn pkn}|hi |`vlhvh

lnvh = wnvcn+ jn}hcg*jn}hcg wnvcn < fbkn# Neni ncni

c|i j`jn}inc }`jn fbkn xncg f`vwnvcn jh}nkcxn

xncg f`vwnvcn ichcg i` i`vncencg#

6# ]`lhninc f`vjnmnj*jnmnj ib|ni invl} lnvh f`vfngnhivnc lnc f`c|i# Neni ncni c|i j`cjpi ib|ni*

ib|n |`v}`f| j`cenlh }`p`v|h }`fnd j`cnvn# Fhnvinc

ncni j`jhkhd ib|ni*ib|ni xncg }njn f`c|i lnc

ivnccxn c|i lh|jpi#

A# J`cg`jfncginc ibc}`p ncgin pnln ncni }hn

=*1 |ndc


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Ibc}`p ncgin lhi`jfncginc j`knkh = |ndnp5

># J`cgdh|cg# \ndnp nwnk j`cgdh|cg pnln ncni nlnkndj`cgdh|cg j`knkh dnpnknc n|n j`jfhkncg# Bvncg|n

lnpn| j`cg`jfncginc i`jnjpnc hch j`knkh i`ghn|nc

j`cxncxh+ p`vjnhcnc envh+ lkk xncg j`cggcninc

ncgin#

6# Dfcgnc }n|*}n|# Jni}lcxn nlnknd j`cgdfcginc

}n|+ lnc dncxn }n| ncgin l`cgnc f`cln xncg f`vinh|nc#

\`ichi hch fh}n lhkniinc j`knkh i`ghn|nc }`dnvh*dnvh#=# J`cejknd+ j`jfnclhcginc lnc }hjfbk ncgin#

I`|hin bvncg|n j`jhc|n ncni j`cgnjfhkinc = fnd

fh}ih|+ lnc ncni j`jfnwn = fnd fh}ih|# Ncni |`v}`f|

j`cg`v|h |`c|ncg ibc}`p ejknd# Ncni xncg pndnj v|nc

ncgin+ ninc |nd fndwn inkn j`cgdh|cg = fh}ih| lnvh ihvh

i` incnc lnc lnvh incnc i` ihvh jnin ejkndcxn ninc }njn#Ncni xncg pndnj ibc}`p p`vfnclhcgnc ninc pndnj f`cln

xncg k`fhd f`}nv+ ejkndcxn k`fhd fncxni+ k`fhd }`lhih|+ n|n

}njn#

F`f`vnpn mbc|bd i`gn|nc xncg lnpn| lhkniinc bvncg |n

lnknj j`cg`jfncginc ibc}`p ncgin+ xnh|5

># J`jhc|n ncni j`cgdh|cg ejknd mncgihv xncg lhp`vkinc

c|i j`cgh}h fb|bk }njpnh p`cd l`cgnc pn}hv#

6# Jh`jhc|n ncni j`cgdh|cg ejknd fnkbi xncg lhp`vkinc

c|i j`jfn| fncgcnc xncg lhfn| ncni#

G# J`cg`jfncginc Ibc}`p _bkn lnc Dfcgnc

pnln ncni }hn =*1 |ndc

\enc j`cg`cnkinc pbkn lnc dfcgnc pnln ncni }hn

=*1 |ndc nlnknd j`cg`cnkinc lnc j`cgncnkh}n pbkn*pbkn


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>8Ibc}`p Jn|`jn|hin Pc|i Ncni P}hn Lhch

}`l`vdncn+ j`cehpkni+ j`jfn|+ lnc j`jfn| p`vihvnnc |`c*

|ncg i`jcgihcnc lnvh i`knce|nc pbkn#F`f`vnpn mbc|bd i`ghn|nc xncg fh}n lhkniinc bvncg|n

c|i j`cg`jfncginc pbkn lnc dfcgnc pnln ncni5

># J`cgneni ncni f`vjnhc j`cx}c nc|vhnc jbfhk*jbfhknc

j`jf`c|i pbkn fnvh}nc j`vnd+ dh|nj+ j`vnd+ dh|nj+

j`vnd+ dh|nj

6# J`cgneni ncni f`vjnhc j`jfn| vnc|nh g`kncg lnvh

i`v|n} wnvcn p|hd+ fhv+ dhen+ p|hd+ fhv+ dhen#

D# J`cg`jfncginc Ibc}`p Dfcgnc G`bj`|vh

lnc Vncg pnln ncni }hn =*1 |ndc

Ncni f`knenv j`cg`cnk f`c|i*f`c|i lnc p`cn|nnc lh

khcgicgnc }`ih|nv# ]nn| ncni f`vjnhc l`cgnc fnkbi+ mn|

kih}+ j`cggnjfnv+ j`cggc|hcg f`c|i*f`c|i g`bj`|vh+

j`cg`jfnkhinc fnkbi i` vni+ }`f`cnvcxn ncni }`lncg f`kn*env |`c|ncg fncgc ln|nv lnc fncgc vncg }`v|n i`gcnnc*

cxn# _`v|njn ncni f`knenv j`cg`cnk f`c|i*f`c|i }`l`v*

dncn $}`gh|hgn+ khcginvnc+ }`gh `jpn|(# I`ln+ ncni f`knenv

|`c|ncg mhvh*mhvh lnvh }`|hnp f`c|i g`bj`|vh# ]`knce|cxn+ ncni

f`knenv j`c`vnpinc p`cg`|ndnccxn c|i f`viv`n}h j`j*

fncgc l`cgnc f`c|i*f`c|i g`bj`|vh#


c|i j`cg`jfncginc dfcgnc g`bj`|vh lnc vncg pnln

ncni5

># J`cgneni ncni f`vjnhc j`chp f}n }nfc

j`cggcninc }`lb|nc pkn}|hi xncg lh|`iinc pnln

fnghnc ecgcxn }`dhcggn j`jf`c|i khcginvnc knk

lhhin|inc i` fn|ncg }`lb|nc# Neni ncni j`cgnjn|h


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6? Ibc}`p Jn|`jn|hin Pc|i Ncni P}hn Lhch

fndwn f`c|i g`k`jfcg*g`k`jfcg }nfc xncg lh|hp

ncni }`p`v|h f`c|i khcginvnc#6# ]`lhninc invl}*invl} fìn} $bfn|+ }}(+ fb|bk*

fb|bk pkn}|hi+ }`lb|nc pkn}|hi+ i`v|n} wnvcn+ lkk# Neni

ncni c|i j`jfncgc }`fnd dnknjnc hjphnc c|i

|`jpn| f`vjnhccxn j`cggcninc fnvncg*fnvncg fìn}

|`v}`f|#

H# J`cg`jfncginc Ibc}`p _`cgivnc pnln ncni}hn =*1 |ndc

Ncni f`knenv p`cgivnc lnvh f`vfngnh i`}`jpn|nc j`kn*

kh i`ghn|nc xncg j`jf|dinc iv`n|hqh|n}# \ndnp nwnk ncni

|hlni j`cggcninc nkn|+ |`|nph j`cg`cnkinc ibc}`p k`fhd

pncencg+ k`fhd p`clì+ k`fhd vhcgnc+ m`pn|+ lnc k`fhd knjfn|#

\ndnp f`vhi|cxn+ ncni lhneni j`cggcninc nkn| iv finc

}|nclnv+ }`p`v|h ph|n+ }`pn|+ lkk# _nln |ndnp k`fhd |hcggh kngh+ncni lhneni j`cggcninc enj lhclhcg+ p`cggnvh}+ }inkn+ |`v*

jbj`|`v#


c|i j`cg`jfncginc p`cgivnc pnln ncni5

># J`cgneni ncni j`cgiv pncencg lnc k`fnv vni jnhcnc

j`cggcninc fnkbi ch|#

6# J`cgneni ncni j`cgdh|cg ejknd mncgihv f`vh}h pn}hv

xncg lhp`vkinc c|i j`cgh}h p`cd }`fnd `jf`v

i`mhk#

=# J`cgneni ncni j`cgiv invp`| j`cggcninc ph|n#

E# J`cg`jfncginc Ibc}`p _`cgjpknc+

_`cgn|vnc lnc \njphknc Ln|n pnln ncni }hn =*1

|ndc


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6>Ibc}`p Jn|`jn|hin Pc|i Ncni P}hn Lhch

_nln nwnkcxn ncni jknh j`jhkhd f`cln |ncpn |enc# ]`*

knce|cxn ncni j`jhkhd jnhcnc l`cgnc |enc+ jh}nkcxn f`v*ln}nvinc wnvcn+ ivnc + n|n f`c|i# _nln |ndnp xncg k`fhd

|hcggh ncni lnpn| j`jhkhd jnhcnc f`vln}nvinc k`fhd lnvh }n|

qnvhnf`k+ jh}nk f`vln}nvinc wnvcn lnc f`c|i+ n|n wnvcn+

f`c|i lnc ivnc#

_`cg`|ndnc |`c|ncg gvnai j`vpninc f`c|i p`vkn}nc

lnvh j`jhkhd lnc j`cg`kbjpbinc# J`jfn| gvnai j`vpni*

nc mnvn ncni c|i j`cnjphkinc f`vjnmnj*jnmnj hcabvjn*}h"ln|n lnknj f`c|i xncg f`vknhcnc# Jh}nkcxn ncni j`jfn|

gvnai }`l`vdncn |`c|ncg e`ch} }`pn| xncg lhpninh ncni#


c|i j`cg`jfncginc p`cgjpknc+ p`cgn|vnc lnc |njph*

knc ln|n pnln ncni5

n# J`cgneni ncni j`cgjpkinc f`vjnmnj*jnmnj

lncnc*lncnc# I`jlhnc neni ncni j`cg`kbjpbincf`c|i lnc*lncnc |`v}`f|# ]`|`knd h|+ fn|knd lna|nv

|`c|ncg ejknd lnc c|i }`|hnp f`c|icxn l`cgnc

mnvn j`cx}c lnc*lnc xncg }njn j`cenlh fnvh}nc

|`gni kv} i` n|n}# Neni ncni j`cmn|n| ejknd }`|hnp

i`kbjpbi lnc#

f# J`cgneni ncni j`jfn| gvnai |`c|ncg i`nlnnc mnmn

}`|hnp dnvh lnknj > fknc#


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66 Ibc}`p Jn|`jn|hin Pc|i Ncni P}hn Lhch

I`|`vncgnc Gfv5 Mbc|bd I`ghn|nc J`cg`cnkinc Gvnai _nln

Ncni


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]jf`v Fnmnnc

]mdhkk`v _nj ncl Kxcc` _`|`v}bc $>887(# Mbc| bc Jn|d#

Nm|hqh|h`} abv }jnkk dncl} ncl khq`kx jhcl}# F`}|qhkk`5

Gvxpdbc Db}`+ Hcm#

\vh}|`v Lblg` Lhnc`+ ]d`vvh` Vlhmi ncl Inhk`` F`vi`

$6??1(# Mv`n|hq` Mvvhmkj 5 Abv Hcanc|}+ \bllk`v}+ ncl

\wb} $6cl @lh|hbc(# Wn}dhcg|b L#M#5 \`nmdhcg ]|vn|`gh`}

Hcm#

\vh}|`v Lblg` Lhnc`+ Knvn E# Mbki`v ncl Mn|` D`vbjnc

$6??6(# Mv`n|hq` Mvvhmkj 5 Abv _v`}mdbbk $


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61 Ibc}`p Jn|`jn|hin Pc|i Ncni P}hn Lhch


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Konsep Matematika Untuk Anak Usia Dini

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