Introduction to The Religious

Moderation ProgramMokhammad Yahya

Alur Program Penguatan Moderasi Beragama

2011 : Survei Lembaga Kajian Islam dan Perdamaian (LaKIP) tentang radikalisme di kalangan siswa dan guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di Jabodetabek : hampir 50 % setuju tindakan radikal; 25% siswa dan 21% guru menyatakan Pancasila tidak relevan; 84,8% siswa dan 76,2% guru setuju dengan penerapan Syariat Islam; 52,3% siswa dan 14,2% membenarkan serangan bom.

CSIS 2012: 33,4% tidak mau bertetangga dengan orang yang berlainan agama; 25% tidak percaya kepada umat agama lain, dan 68% menentang pembangunan tempat ibadah agama lain di lingkungannya.

The Pew Research Center, 2015: Sekitar 10 juta orang warga Indonesia mendukung ISIS - sebagian besar dari mereka merupakan anak-anakmuda.

2015 : Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (BNPT) tujuh perguruan tinggi negeri (PTN) top di Indonesia telah terpapar radikalisme.

Research Findings

Penelitian Pusat Studi Budaya dan Perubahan Sosial Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta: Media sosial Islam didominasi oleh berita kebencian. Berita-berita keagamaan yang penuh kebencian ini diakses oleh kaum muda. (Zuly Qodir, “Kaum Muda, Intoleransi, dan Radikalisme Agama.” Jurnal Studi Pemuda, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Mei 2016), 434.

PPIM (2016) : Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI)

81% guru PAI tidak setuju untuk memberikan izinpendirian rumah ibadah Agama lain di wilayahnya. 74% mereka menolak memberikan ucapanselamat hari raya kepada penganut agama lain. 80% tidak bersedia jika diminta menampungpenganut Syiah dan Ahmadiyah yang diusir darikampung halamannya.

PPIM (2018) : Pelita yang Meredup

• 2237 Guru Muslim (TK/RA, SD/MI, SMP/MTs, SMA/MA)

• 21% tidak setuju bahwa tetangga yang berbeda agama boleh mengadakan acara keagamaan

(misal: Kebaktian pada pemeluk Kristen, atau Mesodan bagi pemeluk Hindu) di kediaman

mereka

• 56% tidak setuju bahwa Non-Muslim boleh mendirikan sekolah berbasis agama di sekitar

mereka

• 29% berkeinginan untuk menandatangani petisi menolak kepala dinas pendidikan yang

berbeda agama

• tingkat intoleransi guru perempuan lebih tinggi daripada guru laki-laki

• tingkat intoleransi guru madrasah lebih tinggi daripada guru sekolah

Survey Khotbah Masjid Kementerian, BUMN dan LembagaP3M, 2017

• Dari 100 Masjid yang disurvey, 41 masjid tergolong radikal.

• Dari 41 masjid, 7 masjid kategori Rendah; 17 masjid kategori Sedang; dan 17

masjid kategori Tinggi.

• Kategori Rendah: Memaklumi radikalisme/intoleransi

• Kategori Sedang: Setuju terhadap tindakan Radikal dan intoleran

• Katogori Tinggi: Memprovokasi umat untuk bersikap radikal/intoleran

Dec 2019 to May 2020 : Pandemic is opportunity to attack (amaliyah)Indonesian ISIS : i’dadiyahEnd of May 2020: DahaAttack (Kalsel), 5 June 2020: tangkap terrorist di Mempawah (Kalbar)

Narrative:

What reveals (ideology, belief, doctrine, discourse, talketc) from FT both personal and group narratives?Personal or Group? Concrete-Manifest, Abstract –Latent?Ideology, belief, Doctrine, Discourse, Talk etc.?

Need:

What are the causes, motives? Why involving women andchildren? For what kinds of goals?Cause & Motive of Politics, Economics, Social , Personal,religious etc.

Network:

How the terrorist connects one to another bothindividually and in a group?Formal or informal ties? Family, Relative, friend, Peer,Group, Teacher –students, Idol-fan, Online Network etc

Pro-ISIS Networks: JAD, JAT JAK, MIB, MIT

Unavoidance

Opportunity

Loss Network

Need

Narrative

Theory of Quest for Significance Theory of 3N

Exclusivity

Superiority

Intolerance/Discriminatrion

God is on our side / My ideology is the Truth

Expansionism for God / ideology

exclusivity → violent extremism

Adapted from

The Amplification Spiralon Why Religions & Ideologies Are Particularly Susceptible to Promoting Conflict

Lynn Davis - Patrice Brodeur

Shifting in their ideology, method, and

prupose of war: takfir ta’yin into takfir ‘am,

al-’aduw al-qarib into al-’aduw al-ba’id, qital

al-nikaya into qital al-tamkin.

Sikap kontra terhadap Pancasila paling banyak berasal dari Sulawesi (9,5%), dan Kalimantan (4,8%).

NKRI VS Khilafah by Pulau NKRI vs Khilafah by Generation

Faith and Religiosity

UDAR ASUMSI DAN

BANGUN PERSPEKTIF•The Map is NOT the Territory

•Ladder of Inference

•Cognitive Bias

•The Triune Brain

Cognitive Bias

Egocentric memory: to forget evidence and information

which does not support our thinking and to remember evidence and

information which does.

Egocentric myopia: tothink in absolute terms within an overly narrow point of view.

Egocentric infallibility: to think that our beliefs are true because we believe them

Egocentric hypocrisy: to ignore flagrant inconsistencies between what we profess to believe and the actual beliefs our behavior imply, or inconsistencies between the standards to which we hold ourselves and those to which we expect others to adhere.

Egocentric righteousnessto feel superior in the light of our confidence that we are in the possession of THE TRUTH.

Egocentricoversimplification: to

ignore real and importantcomplexities in the world infavor of simplistic notionswhen consideration of thosecomplexities would requireus to modify our beliefs orvalues.

Cognitive Bias

to notice facts or evidence which contradict our favored beliefs or values.

to over-generalize immediate feelings and experiences–so that when one event

in our life is highly favorable or unfavorable, all of life seems favorable or

unfavorable as well.

to notice thinking which has absurd consequences, when noticing them would

force us to rethink our position.

Egocentric Blindness Egocentric Immediacy Egocentric Absurdity

Now What to Do?a.Lone Fighter to Family Terrorism (Online and family-Based de-

radicalization)

b.Map the Network; Pro-ISIS Network and Family documents

c.Systemic Efforts:Macro [policy of anti-terrorism, state-non-state coordination]Meso [Local Police, Grassroot and Religious Leaders to avoid Intolerant Society and promote Pancasila]Micro [critical thinking/ digital literacy, pro-family policies, develop strong & stable family]

ICEBERG MODEL

& U- PROCESS

ICEBERG ANALYSIS & U-PROCESS

Otto Scharmer & United In DiversityREACTING

APA YANG TERJADI

POLA DAN TREN

STRUKTUR PENYEBAB

RETH

INKI

NG

Perilaku, kebiasaan, sikap(yang dapat dilihat)

Tradisi, budaya, kebijakan pemerintah,

system

Fakta, peristiwa, data (bukanopini, asumsi, dugaan, dsb)

MengubahParadigma, perspektif, keyakinan, dsb.

REDE

SIGN

ING

SUMBER

MENTAL MODEL

Paradigma, perspektif, keyakinan

Mendesainkebijakan, program, rewards, dsb

REFR

AMIN

G

Memastikanterwujudnyasikap, kebiasaanbaru,dsb

Voice of Judgement

Voice of Cynicism

Voice of Fear

Open Mind

Open Heart

Open Will

The Triune Brain

OPEN MIND

curiosity

OPEN HEART

compassion

OPEN WILL

courage

CLOSED WILL

fear

CLOSED HEART

hate

CLOSED MIND

ignorance

DESTROYING

BLAMING

ABSENCING

OPEN MIND

curiosity

OPEN HEART

compassion

OPEN WILL

courage

CLOSED WILL

fear

CLOSED HEART

hate

CLOSED MIND

ignorance

DESTROYING

BLAMING

ABSENCING

The Righteous Mind, Jonathan Haidt

Understanding The Dynamics:Moral Foundation Theory Jonathan Haidt, The Righteous Mind