INTERNAL BOILER WATER TREATMENT (PRODUCT & CHEMISTRY)
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Transcript of INTERNAL BOILER WATER TREATMENT (PRODUCT & CHEMISTRY)
![Page 1: INTERNAL BOILER WATER TREATMENT (PRODUCT & CHEMISTRY)](https://reader030.fdokumen.com/reader030/viewer/2022012814/568134a4550346895d9bab8b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INTERNAL BOILER WATER TREATMENT (PRODUCT &
CHEMISTRY)
INTERNAL BOILER WATER TREATMENT (PRODUCT &
CHEMISTRY)
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Boiler Water TreatmentBoiler Water Treatment
Untuk mencegah:– Kerak/deposit– Korosi– Carry over
Agar:• Menjamin kontinutas tersedianya steam
untuk operasi pabrik-meminimalkan downtime
• Safety • Memproteksi biaya capital
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CondensateReceiver
Blowdown flash tank
Process
Process
Process
Flash tank
Low pressure steam
Pre-TreatmentBoiler
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Kerak/DepositKerak/Deposit
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Mekanisasi Pembentukan KerakMekanisasi Pembentukan Kerak
Presiptitasi dari hardness yang tidak larut/ insoluble
Ca(HCO3 )2 + Panas ---> CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
Mg+2 + OH- ---> MgOH+
H2SiO3 ---> H+ + HSiO3-
MgOH+ + HSiO3- ---> MgSiO3 + H2O
Melebihi batas kejenuhan/kelarutan melalui evaporasi mengakibatkan terjadinya kristalisasi; contoh: CaSO4, SiO2
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Boiler DepositBoiler DepositName FormulaAcmite Na2OFe2O34SiO2
Analcite Na2OAl2O34SiO22H2OAnhydrite CaSO4
Aragonite CaCO3 (gamma form)Basic magnesium phosphate Mg3(PO4)2Mg(OH)2
Brucite Mg(OH)2
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
Calcite CaCO3 (beta form)Copper CuCuprite Cu2OFerrous oxide FeOGoetnite Fe2O3 H2O (alpha form)Gypsum CaSO42 H2OHematite Fe2O3
Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
Magnetite Fe3O4
Serpentine (magnesium silicate) 3MgOSiO22 H2OSodium ferrous phosphate NaFePO4
Tenorite CuOThenardite Na2SO4
Xonotlite 5 CaO5 SiO2 H2O
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SilicaSilica
Membentuk deposit pada boiler/waterside
Terbentuk sebagai magnesium silicate atau silicic acid
Selective silica carryover
Tidak dapat dikontrol secara mekanikal dengan steam separator
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Selective Silica CarryoverSelective Silica Carryover
• Silica terlarut pada steam
• Dikontrol dengan pembatasan kandungan silica pada air boiler
• Dikontrol dengan pembatasan tekanan operasi boiler
• Dikontrol dengan mempertahankan kontrol pH yang tinggi
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Bentuk Kerak Besi/Iron Bentuk Kerak Besi/Iron
Kerak besi biasanya ditemukan dalam boiler sebagai salah satu atau lebih bentuk berikut:
Bentuk kompleks dengan calcium
Bentuk kompleks dengan phosphate
Hematite Fe2O3
Magnetite Fe3O4
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Efek Kerak Pada Heat TransferEfek Kerak Pada Heat Transfer
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Efek Kerak pada Temperatur PipaEfek Kerak pada Temperatur Pipa
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Contoh Efek Kerak
Contoh Efek Kerak
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Problem KerakProblem Kerak
Boiler tube failure
Disebabkan karena pengurangan heat transfer dan tube overheating
Under-deposit corrosion
Disebabkan karena konsentrasi tinggi dari bahan bersifat korosif concentration of corrosive agents (dapat berupa NaOH)
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Apa yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah kerak/deposit
Apa yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah kerak/deposit
• Kontrol secara ketat terhadap kualitas air umpan (sesuai dengan batas kontrol)
• Mengaplikasikan internal treatment
• Kontrol secara ketat terhadap kualitas air umpan (sesuai dengan batas kontrol)
• Mengaplikasikan internal treatment
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Internal Treatment OptionsInternal Treatment Options
• Presipitasi kontaminan• Pelarutan (solubilize) kontaminan • Pendispersian (disperse) kontaminan
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Program Internal Treatment Secara Umum/Konvensional
Program Internal Treatment Secara Umum/Konvensional
• Coagulation programs• Organic sludge conditioners• Phosphate residual programs• Phosphate-Polymer Programs• Chelates & Chelate / Polymer programs• All-Polymer program
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Historical Overview of Nalco’s Internal Treatment ProgramsHistorical Overview of Nalco’s Internal Treatment Programs
• Soda ash, Sodium Aluminate, and Phosphates
• Chelation• Synthetic organic polymers• Transport-Plus
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ONDEO Nalco’s Internal Treatment Programs
ONDEO Nalco’s Internal Treatment Programs
• Phosphate Residual Programs• Phosphate Polymer Program• All Polymer (Transport-Plus) Programs• Supplemental Programs (dispersants
and antifoam)
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Program Pengendapan/KoagulasiProgram Pengendapan/Koagulasi
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Perlakuan secara Koagulasi (Coagulation Treatments)Perlakuan secara Koagulasi (Coagulation Treatments)
• Calcium hardness dipresipitasikan sebagai Calcium Carbonate.
• Magnesium hardness dipresipitasikan sebagai Magnesium Hidroksida atau Magnesium Silicate
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Aplikasi Program Koagulasi:Aplikasi Program Koagulasi:
Program Koagulasi dapat diaplikasikan bila;
Tekanan operasi boiler < 350 psig
Hardness feedwater/air umpan > 60 ppm
Alkalinity air boiler < 500 ppm
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Program KoagulasiProgram Koagulasi Kebaikan: Dapat diaplikasikan untuk air umpan
dengan kandungan hardness yang tinggi.
Kekurangan: Cycle operasi boiler rendah
TDS air boiler tinggi
Jumlah blowdown banyak – pembuangan panas (wastes heat)
Pembentukan kerak
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Program Phosphate Program Phosphate
• Calcium dipresitasikan sebagai calcium phosphate
• Magnesium dipresitasikan sebagai magnesium hydrosida
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Phosphate TechnologyPhosphate Technology
Ortho phosphates Mono-, di-, tri- sodium phosphates
Poly Phosphates Sodium hexa meta phosphate
Sodium hepta meta phosphate
Sodium tripoly phosphate
Tetra sodium pyro-phosphate
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Phosphate TechnologyPhosphate Technology
Titik Injeksi
Ortho phosphate
Diinjeksikan lansung ke drum boiler
Poly phosphate
Diinjeksikan ke line air umpan
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Phosphate TechnologyPhosphate Technology
Kelebihan Mudah dimonitor dan dikontrol
Tidak memerlukan air umpan dengan kemurnian tinggi
Dapat diaplikasikan pada boiler tekanan tinggi
Dikenal luas
Memiliki perizinan FDA dan USDA
Fluktuasi hardness air umpan dapat ditangani
Residual PO4 tidak bersifat korosif
PO4 residual yang tinggi - buffer untuk ekskursi
Biaya relatif murah
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Phosphate TechnologyPhosphate Technology
Kekurangan
Menghasilkan presipitasi/endapan pada sistem
Kelebihan alkalinity dapat menyebabkan korosi
Memerlukan lebih banyak blowdown
Jika demikian, lebih banyak panas hilang dan lebih
banyak pemakaian bahan kimia
Kemungkinan dapat menyebabkan terjadi kerak
Umumnya diaplikasikan bersama sludge dispersant
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Phosphate TechnologyPhosphate Technology
Detailed Chemistry
(poly) Na5P3O10 + 4NaOH -> 3Na3PO4 + 2H2O
(ortho) Na2HPO4 + NaOH -> Na3PO4 + H2O
3CaCO3 + 2Na3PO4 -> Ca3(PO4)2 + 3Na2CO3
3CaSO4 + 2Na3PO4 -> Ca3(PO4)2 +3Na2SO4
Mg(HCO3)2 + 4NaOH -> Mg(OH)2 + 2Na2CO3 + 2H2O
MgCl2 + 2NaOH -> Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
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Sludge ConditioningSludge Conditioning
Padatan Calcium Phosphate dan Magnesium Hydroxide yang tidak terlarut terbentuk (Sludge)
Particulate Iron Oxide kembali ke kondensat
Padatan mengendap pada permukaan panas boiler
Transfer panas tidak seimbang, dapat beresiko pipa pecah
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Tipe Sludge ConditionersTipe Sludge Conditioners
Synthetic polymers
Tannins
Lignins
Starches
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Pengaplikasian Sludge Conditioners Pengaplikasian Sludge Conditioners
Produk Starch Organic
Jika Mg:SiO2 ratio < 2
Jika minyak mengkontaminasi air boiler
Dalam pabrik pengolahan makanan
Produk Lignin Organic
Untuk mengkondisi Calcium Phosphate & Iron Oxide
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Titik Injeksi Sludge ConditionersTitik Injeksi Sludge Conditioners
Tangki Deaerator
Jalur air umpan boiler
Lansung ke steam drum
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Solubilizing ProgramSolubilizing Program
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ChelantsChelants
Melarutkan ion logam
Membentuk senyawa kompleks yang sangat larut
Ion-ion bersaing (PO4, SiO2, OH) mengurangi efetivitas
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Chelant yang UmumChelant yang Umum
EDTA(Ethylene diamine tetracetic acid)
Memiliki 6 sisi logam kompleks termasuk atom nitrogen dan oksigen
NTA(Nitrilo triacetic acid)
Memiliki 4 sisi logam kompleks
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Perbandingan Kedua Jenis ChelantPerbandingan Kedua Jenis Chelant
NTA lebih stabil secara thermal– 900 psig max. untuk NTA,– 600 psig max. untuk EDTA
Biaya NTA lebih murah dari pada EDTA
EDTA memkompleks Magnesium lebih baik dari pada NTA
EDTA memkompleks besi lebih baik dari pada NTA
EDTA memiliki perizinan FDA
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Aplikasi ChelantsAplikasi Chelants
Harus diinjeksikan secara kontinu pada jalur air umpan memakai injection quill & piping stainless steel
Tidak boleh ada oksigen
Konsentrasi residual pada air boiler harus dijaga di bawah 10 ppm sebagai CaCO3 untuk meminimalkan korosi
Akurasi kontrol pemakaian diperlukan
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Chelant Control RangesChelant Control Ranges
Boiler Pressure Chelant Residual psig (Bar) ppm as CaCO3
400 (30) 4 - 8
401 - 600 (30 - 40) 3 - 6
601 - 1000 (40 - 70) 3 - 5
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Kelebihan ChelantKelebihan Chelant
Tidak terbentuk endapan
Permukaan perpindahan panas lebih bersih
Frekwensi acid cleaning lebih sedikit
Terkadang dapat mengurangi jumlah blowdown
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Kekurangan ChelantKekurangan Chelant
Biaya lebih mahal
Memerlukan kontrol yang sangat ketat
terhadap mutu air umpan
Lebih sulit untuk test kontrol
Residual berlebih bersifat korosif
Ion-ion yang bersaing dapat bersifat korosif
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Program Phosphate-PolymerProgram Phosphate-Polymer
• Mempresipitasikan hardness dan besi
• Polymer mendispersikan sludge hasil reaksi, untuk menghindari pengendapan pada pipa
• Boiler lebih bersih daripada program phosphate konvensional
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Aplikasi Program Phosphate-PolymerAplikasi Program Phosphate-Polymer
Hardness air umpan lebih rendah dari 3 ppm
Softener atau air baku dengan hardness rendah
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Program Phosphate-Polymer Program Phosphate-Polymer
Kelebihan
• Perizinan FDA/USDA
• Dapat diaplikasikan pada air umpan dengan T.hardness tinggi.
• Boiler lebih bersih
• Lebih mudah ditest/dikontrol.
• Tidak mahal.
• Tidak bersifat korosif
Disadvantage
Requires much stricter control of feedwater hardness and chemical program
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Program Phosphate-Polymer Program Phosphate-Polymer
Kekurangan
• Memerlukan kontrol yang ketat terhadap hardness air umpan dan residual bahan kimia
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Program All-Organic Polymer Program All-Organic Polymer
All-polymer program, polymeric blend
Tidak mengandung chelant atau phophate, tidak memerlukan tambahan dispersan
Berfungsi dengan melarutkan Calcium & Magnesium dan mendispersi besi dan partikulat lainnya
Tidak bersifat agresif terhadap metal boiler
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Program All-Organic PolymerProgram All-Organic Polymer
Diinjeksikan ke tangki deaerator untuk boiler bertekanan < 600 psig dan menggunakan air softener
Program/dosis injeksi berdasarkan batas atas kontrol untuk hardness dan besi, bukan nilai rata-rata
Kekurangan dosis (<20% dari yang diperlukan) dapat membentuk deposit Calcium Acrylate pada boiler
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Program All-Organic PolymerProgram All-Organic Polymer
Tidak bersifat korosif untuk internal boiler
Memberikan hasil boiler yang lebih bersih - clean boilers – meningkatkan heat transfer
Transport 100% of hardness
Tidak bersifat volatil – aman untuk turbin
Hardness air boiler dapat ditest
Test produk sederhana/mudah
Program passivasi yang baik
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Program All-Organic PolymerProgram All-Organic Polymer
Pengaplikasian terbatas untuk tekanan boiler <1000 psig
Memerlukan air umpan dengan hardness rendah
Beberapa formulasi mengkontribusikan ammonia ke
steam
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Definisi KorosiDefinisi Korosi
• Korosi adalah proses elektrokimia, dimana metal (teroksidasi) kembali ke bentuk alamiahnya (natural state).
• Sell Korosi (corrosion cell) : anoda, katoda dan elektrolit harus ada
2 e- + 1/2 O2 + H2O <---> 2OH-
2OH- + Fe <---> Fe(OH)2 + 2 e-
Cathodic (reduction) half cell reaction
Anodic (oxidation) half cell reaction
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Korosi pada BoilerKorosi pada Boiler
Tipe korosi
Korosi akibat oksigen/oxygen corrosion
Konsentrasi alkalinity/alkalinity concentration
Korosi akibat caustic/caustic corrosion
Korosi akibat asam/Acid corrosion
Korosi akibat chelant/Chelant corrosion
Erosi/korosi
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Korosi Akibat OksigenKorosi Akibat Oksigen
• Oksigen yang terlarut di air merupakan materi dasar terjadinya reaksi di katoda
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Korosi Akibat OksigenKorosi Akibat Oksigen
ANODE: Natural Metal Electrically Charged Metal ElectronsFe0 Fe+2 + 2e-
CATHODE: Electrons Oxygen Water Charged Ion2e- + 1/2 O2 + H2O 2(OH-)
Metal Ions Dissolve
Hydroxide or Oxide Corrosion Products
Active Anodic Area
Electron flow
O2OH-
Less Active Cathodic Area
Hydroxyl Ions Form
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Korosi akibat Oksigen/Oxygen CorrosionKorosi akibat Oksigen/Oxygen Corrosion
Dapat terjadi pada sepanjang sistem
Mekanisme sama seperti sel korosi akibat oksigen
Mekanisme korosi dipengaruhi oleh:
– Konsentrasi oksigen
– Temperatur
– pH
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Korosi Akibat OksigenKorosi Akibat Oksigen
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Korosi Akibat OksigenKorosi Akibat Oksigen
Bahan kimia : Oxygen ScavengerBahan kimia : Oxygen Scavenger
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Oxygen Scavenger yang Umum DipakaiOxygen Scavenger yang Umum Dipakai
• Sulfite• Hydrazine• Hydroquinone• DEHA (Diethyhydroxylamine)• MEKO (Methylethylketoxime)• Carbohydrazide• Erythorbic acid
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ONDEO Nalco’s Oxygen ScavengersONDEO Nalco’s Oxygen Scavengers
• Sulfite/Catalyzed Sulfite
• Carbohydrazide (Elimin-Ox)
• Erythorbic acid (SUR-GARD)
ONDEO Nalco Patents
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Sodium Sulfite - Inorganic Oxygen ScavengerSodium Sulfite - Inorganic Oxygen Scavenger
2Na2SO3 + O2 -------> 2Na2SO4
• 8,6 ppm per 1 ppm oxygen terlarut• Pada temperatur kamar sodium sulfite
mengurangi oxygen sebesar 30 % dalam 10 menit
• Pada temp.> 120 oC, masih dibutuhkan waktu reaksi lebih dari 30 detik
Di atas 150 °C ,oxygen mengkorosi permukaan metal/besi lebih cepat dari pada waktu reaksi sulfite dengan oksigenCatalyzed Sulfite ( dengan
katalis Cobalt Salt ) lebih baik
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Kelebihan SulfiteKelebihan Sulfite
• Reaksi cepat• Lebih murah• Lebih mudah dianalisa• Perizinan FDA/USDA
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Kekurangan SulfiteKekurangan Sulfite
• Menambah solid/padatan ke air boiler
Kemungkinan dapat menambah jumlah blowdown
• Tidak ada efek passivasi pada metal boiler• Tidak sesuai untuk boiler dengan tekanan operasi
> 600 psi (40 bar)
Terurai menjadi H2S & SO2
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Elimin-OxElimin-Ox
• Oxygen Scavenger
• Bersifat volatil/tidak menambah solid
• Mempasivasi permukaan metal
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Reaksi Elimin-Ox Reaksi Elimin-Ox
Elimin-Ox * + 2O2 2N2 + 3H2O + CO2**<150 C
+ H2O< 150 C + 2N2H4 + CO2**
>205 C
+ 2O2 2N2 + 4H2O
2NH3 + N2 + H2
** Maximum 29 ppb/ppm Elimin-Ox Fed* As Carbohydrazide
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Sur-GardSur-Gard
• Non-volatile Oxygen Scavenger
• Menghilangkan Dissolved Oxygen
• Mengurangi potensi korosi
• Bereaksi dengan oksigen secara kimiawi
• Mempasivasi permukaan metal
• Food Grade Approval
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Surgard, Eliminox - Organic Oxygen Scavengers
Surgard, Eliminox - Organic Oxygen Scavengers
Kelebihan
•Tidak menambah solid/padatan ke air boiler, sehingga tidak menaikkan jumlah blowdown.
•Mempasivasi permukaan metal, sehingga dapat melindungi dari korosi. •Surgard sudah diizinkan FDA/USDA
Kelebihan
•Tidak menambah solid/padatan ke air boiler, sehingga tidak menaikkan jumlah blowdown.
•Mempasivasi permukaan metal, sehingga dapat melindungi dari korosi. •Surgard sudah diizinkan FDA/USDA
Kekurangan
• Reaksi lebih lambat
• Lebih mahal
Kekurangan
• Reaksi lebih lambat
• Lebih mahal
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HydrazineHydrazine
• toxic material - safe storage and handling issues become paramount
N2H4 + O2 ---> 2 N2 + 2H2ON2H4 + O2 ---> 2 N2 + 2H2O
3 N2H4 ---> 4 NH3 + N23 N2H4 ---> 4 NH3 + N2 at temp. > 390°F (200°C)at temp. > 390°F (200°C)
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HydroquinoneHydroquinone
• reacts quickly with oxygen at room temperature
• decomposition -> acetates, CO2, and H2O
• some toxicity issues
C6H4(OH)2 + 1/2O2 ---> C6H4O2 + H2OC6H4(OH)2 + 1/2O2 ---> C6H4O2 + H2O
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DiethylhydroxylamineDiethylhydroxylamine
• volatile neutralizing amine• hydroquinone may be added to increase low
temp. scavenging rate• decomposition > 148°C (300°F) is rapid
(seconds) acetic acid, CO2, acetaldehyde, ethylamine, low
mwt organics, and NH3 at temperatures above 275°C
4 (CH3CH2)2NOH + 9 O2 ---> 8 CH3COO- + 8 H+ + 2N2 + 6 H2O
4 (CH3CH2)2NOH + 9 O2 ---> 8 CH3COO- + 8 H+ + 2N2 + 6 H2O
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CondensateReceiver
Condensate System
Blowdown flash tank
Process
Process
Process
Flash tank
Low pressure steam
Pre-Treatment
DEAERATOR
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Condensate CorrosionCondensate Corrosion
• Destroys capital equipment– repair, maintenance, loss of efficiency
• Can affect end products– if condensate contacts final products
• Will lead to increased boiler deposits of corrosion products (metal oxides)
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Primary Causes of Condensate CorrosionPrimary Causes of Condensate Corrosion
• Carbon dioxide• Oxygen• Ammonia
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Condensate CorrosionCondensate Corrosion
• Carbonic acid corrosion– dissolved carbon dioxide and the resulting
carbonic acid, is the most common source of condensate corrosion
CO2 + H2O <---> H2CO3 <---> H+ + HCO3-
Fe + 2 H+ + 2 HCO3-2 ---> Fe(HCO3)2 + H2
CO2 + H2O <---> H2CO3 <---> H+ + HCO3-
Fe + 2 H+ + 2 HCO3-2 ---> Fe(HCO3)2 + H2
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Condensate CO2 CorrosionCondensate CO2 Corrosion
• Sources of CO2
– thermal decomposition of carbonate alkalinity in the boiler
– in-leakage of air into the condensate system
2 NaHCO3 ---> Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
Na2CO3 + H2O <---> 2 NaOH + CO2
2 NaHCO3 ---> Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
Na2CO3 + H2O <---> 2 NaOH + CO2
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Condensate CO2 & O2Condensate CO2 & O2
• Carbonic acid and oxygen– in the presence of oxygen 2 cathodic
reactions are possible
– oxygen may react with other corrosion products
2 Fe + O2 + 4H+ ---> 2 Fe+2 + 2 H2O
4 Fe+2 + O2 + 4H+ ---> 4 Fe+3 + 2 H2O
4 Fe(HCO3)2 + O2 ---> 2 Fe2O3 + 4H2O + 8 CO2
2 Fe + O2 + 4H+ ---> 2 Fe+2 + 2 H2O
4 Fe+2 + O2 + 4H+ ---> 4 Fe+3 + 2 H2O
4 Fe(HCO3)2 + O2 ---> 2 Fe2O3 + 4H2O + 8 CO2
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Chemical Condensate Treatment Chemical Condensate Treatment
• Neutralizing amines
• Filming amines
• ACT Program
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• Neutralizes carbonic acid and increases pH
• Effective against other acids
Neutralizing AminesNeutralizing Amines
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Neutralizing AminesNeutralizing Amines
• Neutralization of carbonic or other acids
• Basicity or pKa• cyclohexylamine 10.6• diethylaminoethanol 9.6• morpholine 8.4
RNH2 + H2CO3 ---> (RNH3)+ + (HCO3)-
pKa is a function of solution temperature
keep pH above 8.8
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Simple Acid/Base NeutralizationSimple Acid/Base Neutralization
• Amine hydrolysis in water:
R-NH2 + H2O « R-NH3+ + OH-
Neut. amine water Neut. amine hydroxide• CO2 hydrolysis in water:
CO2 + H2O « H2CO3 « H+ + HCO3-
carbon dioxide water carbonic acid bicarbonate• Net reaction:
R-NH2 + H2CO3 « R-NH3+ + HCO3
-
Neut. Amin carbonic acid Neut. amine bicarbonate
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Optimum pH ControlOptimum pH Control
8.5 9. 2
Increases coppercorrosion
8.0
Increases mildsteel corrosion
Optimum pH
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Prefer Water Prefer Vapour
Amine A Amine B
a blend of amines is typically required
Neutralizing Amines
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• Not effective against oxygen corrosion• Expensive in high alkalinity systems• Distribution can cause problems
– a blend of amines is typically required
• Difficult to test
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
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Filming AminesFilming Amines
Metallic wall Protective filming
amine layer
O2 CO2
CO2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CONDENSATE
O2
O2
O2
O2CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
O2
• Long chain amines that absorb onto the metal surface
• Function at the lower pH range of 6.5 to 9.0
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• A filmed metal surface promotes dropwise condensation
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Filming AminesFilming Amines
• Protect against acids, O2, and ammonia
• Dosage dependent on surface area and not contaminant concentration
• Cost effective in high CO2
systems
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Filming AminesLimitations/ConsiderationsFilming AminesLimitations/Considerations
• Film formation takes time• pH control still necessary• Overfeed may cause sticky
deposits and “gunk” ball formation
• Should be fed after turbines and condensate polishers
• Will clean up old deposits
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Advanced Condensate Treatment (ACT)Advanced Condensate Treatment (ACT)
• ACT is an innovative condensate corrosion program that uses new technology to prevent operational problems.
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Innovative ApproachInnovative Approach
Instead of neutralizing carbonic acid or using a filming amine,
Nalco researchers discovered safe emulsifiers which provide a barrier to corrosion in the condensate system.
Brand New Approach!
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So Safe, it is in the stuff you eat ...So Safe, it is in the stuff you eat ...
• Nalco’ ACT program is made from food grade materials used in many food products.
• The ACT program has received U.S. FDA clearance under 21 CFR Part 173 for Secondary Direct Food Additives Permitted in Food for Human Consumption; Boiler Water Additives.
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Provides Safe Corrosion Barrier to Metal Surfaces
Provides Safe Corrosion Barrier to Metal Surfaces
• no filmer
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ACT Program ACT Program
• It serves the regulatory needs• It serves the safety needs• It serves the technical needs• It serves the economic needs
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BenefitsBenefits
• Effective against carbonic acid• Effective against oxygen corrosion• Effective against erosion corrosion• Easy to test for• Dosage dependent on surface area and
not contaminant concentration• Cost effective in high CO2 systems• Operate at lower pH and not alter pH
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DisadvantagesDisadvantages
• Must be fed to the steam header• Not volatile