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INISIASI PEMERINTAH AUSTRALIA MENGATASI IRREGULAR

MIGRATION DI ASIA PASIFIK MELALUI FORUM BALI PROCESS

Disusun dan Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar

Sarjana Ilmu Hubungan Internasional (S.Sos) Strata-1

SKRIPSI

OLEH:

DEWI FATMAWATI

201610360311006

PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2020

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KATA PENGANTAR

حِيم حْمَنِ الره ِ الره بسِْمِ اللَّه

Puji syukur Alhamdulillah kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala berkah,

rahmat dan karunia-Nya, sehingga penulis berhasil menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

Shalawat dan salam selalu senantiasa tercurahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW,

beserta keluarga, sahabat, dan umatnya. Aamiin.

Dalam penulisan skripsi yang berjudul Inisiasi Pemerintah Australia

Mengatasi Irregular Migration di Asia Pasifik Melalui Forum Bali Process

sebagai tugas akhir untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar sarjana

strata I (S-1) pada Program Studi Hubungan Internasional, Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang. Proses penyusunan skripsi ini beberapa kali menemui

kendala, namun berkat rahmat dari Allah SWT, doa, bantuan, dan bimbingan dari

berbagai pihak sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikannya. Oleh karena itu, penulis

menyampaikan segenap ucapan terima kasih dan syukur kepada:

1. Allah SWT atas rahmat dan kemudahan yang diberikan sehingga penulis

mampu menyelesaikan penelitian ini.

2. Orang tua saya, Ayah (Fatturrahman) dan Ibu (Hariati) atas segala doa,

semangat, dukungan selama proses perkuliahan dan penyusunan skripsi.

Selain itu, kepada Tante saya (Ana Purwati), Paman saya (Jarrod Taylor),

dan kakak sepupu saya (Rica Nana Taylor) atas segala bentuk doa,

dukungan dan motivasinya.

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3. Bapak M. Syaprin Zahidi, MA selaku pembimbing I dan Ibu Dr. Tutik

Sulistyowati, M.Si selaku pembimbing II, atas motivasi dan bimbingannya

sehingga peneliti dapat sampai pada tahap ini.

4. Kepada seluruh Dosen Program Studi Hubungan Internasional HI UMM

atas ilmu dan nasehat bermanfaat selama masa perkuliahan.

5. Kepada teman-teman perkuliahan saya, terutama Afiasari, Amrullah

Hanif, Endar, Eva, Dedi, Faisal, Fahri, Firman Ardian, Intan, Kak Ichadr,

Kirana, Pute, Winda, Yaumil terima kasih sudah menemani dan mewarnai

hari-hari perkuliahan saya. Selain itu, saya juga berterima kasih kepada

teman-teman Learning Express 2017 (Batch September), Basket Putri

FISIP 2018 dan Coach Tamara, serta kepada seluruh peserta Temasek

Foundation Specialists' Community Action and Leadership Exchange

Program (TF-SCALE) UMM 2019 atas segala pengalaman sekaligus

pembelajarannya.

Akhir kata, penulis berharap agar penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat bagi para

pembaca meskipun masih banyak terdapat kekurangan.

Malang, 7 September 2020

Penulis,

Dewi Fatmawati

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DAFTAR ISI

Pernyataan Orisinalitas…………………………………………………...iv

Berita Acara Bimbingan Skripsi…………………...……………………...v

Kata Pengantar……………………………………………………………vi

Abstraksi…………………………………………………………......….viii

Abstract………………………………………………………...…………ix

Daftar Isi……………………………………………………………...……x

Daftar Bagan…………………………………………………………….xiii

Daftar Gambar…………………………………………………………...xiv

Daftar Grafik………………………………………………………...…...xv

Daftar Tabel……………………………………………...………...…....xvi

Daftar Singkatan…………………………………………………….….xvii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................. 5

1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................... 5

1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................... 5

1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian……………………………………………....6

1.3.2.1 Manfaat Teoritis ..................................................................... 6

1.3.2.2 Manfaat Praktis ...................................................................... 6

1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................... 6

1.5 Teori/ Konsep………………………………………………………...15

1.5.1 Foreign Policy Realism Neoclassic Theory .............................. 15

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1.6 Metode Penelitian ............................................................................. 18

1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian ........................................................................ 18

1.6.2 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ...................................................... 19

1.6.3 Variabel Penelitian dan Tingkat Analisa .................................. 19

1.6.4 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ....................................................... 20

1.7 Hipotesa ........................................................................................... 21

1.8 Sistematika Penulisan ....................................................................... 22

BAB II GELOMBANG KEDATANGAN IRREGULAR MIGARTION

……....DI AUSTRALIA DAN TERBENTUKNYA FORUM BALI PROCESS

.......................................................................................................................... 25

2.1 Gelombang Irregular Migration di Australia .................................... 25

2.2 Dampak Irregular Migration di Australia ......................................... 29

2.3 Terbentuknya Bali Process di bawah Pemerintahan Perdana

………………...Menteri John Howard............................................................... 32

2.4 Bali Process ...................................................................................... 34

2.4.1 Tujuan Bali Process ......................................................... 36

2.4.2 Koordinasi Bali Process ................................................... 37

2.4.3 Keanggotaan Bali Process………………………………...39

BAB III KEBIJAKAN AUSTRALIA MENGINISIASI FORUM BALI

………PROCESS UNTUK MENGATASI IRREGULAR MIGRATION ....... 43

3.1 Politik Domestik Australia ................................................................ 44

3.2 Kepemimpinan John Howard……………………………..………….49

3.2.1 Awal Karir Politik John Howard………...…………………49

3.2.2 Kebijakan John Howard Terhadap Irregular Migration…...53

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BAB IV PENUTUP .............................................................................. 62

4.1 Kesimpulan ...................................................................................... 62

4.2 Saran ................................................................................................ 62

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................. 62

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DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 3.1. Aplikasi Teori Foreign Policy Realism Neoclassic: Australia

Menginisiasi Forum Bali Process di Kawasan Asia Pasifik………………..58

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Negara Anggota Bali Process (45 Negara)……………………40

Gambar 2.2 Organisasi Anggota Bali Process……………………………..41

Gambar 2.3 Observers – Countries dalam Forum Bali Process……………41

Gambar 2.4 Observers – Agencies dalam Forum Bali Process…………….42

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DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 2.1 Kedatangan Boat People di Australia Sejak Tahun 1976……....28

Grafik 2.2 Kedatangan Tanpa Izin ke Australia Melalui Udara dan Kapal..31

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Posisi Penelitian………………………………………..…….….12

Tabel 1.2 Sistematika Penulisan………………………………...………….23

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DAFTAR SINGKATAN

CPA : COMPREHENSIVE PLAN OF ACTION

EU : EUROPEAN UNION

FPA : FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS

ILO : INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION

IOM : INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR MIGRATION

PM : PERDANA MENTERI

RCP : REGIONAL CONSULTATIVE PROCESSES

RILON : REGIONAL IMMIGRATION LIAISON OFFICER NETWORK

TPV : TEMPORARY PROTECTION VISA

UNHCR : UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES

UNODC : UNITED NATIONS OFFICE OF DRUGS AND CRIME

VNBP : VIETNAMESE BOAT PEOPLE

WTC : WORLD TRADE CENTER

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