III.3 Anindya Hiswara 1506710235

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PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS EXPERIMENTAL REPORT

EXPERIMENT TOWARD COARSE AGGREGATE

MODULE III.3

EXAMINATION OF BULK DENSITY (UNIT WEIGHT) AND VOIDS IN

COARSE AGGREGATE

GROUP K1

Anin!" Hi#$"%" 1&'1'*3&

Faisal Brahmanstya 1506710191

Maulana Soediro 1506710203

Nandita M 1506710222

Date of E!eriment " 2#th$%to&er 2015

Name of E!eriment 'ssistant " (in%ent

Date of '!!ro)al "

S%ore "

'ssistant*s Si+nature "

LABORATORY OF STRUCTURE AND MATERIAL

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

DEPOK *'1&

A. OB+ECTIVES


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,his e!eriment is to determine the &ul- density or unit .ei+ht and )oids in

%oarse a++re+ate/

Density is ratio of mass and )olume/

B. TOOLS AND E,UIPMENT

1/ Balan%e .ith 0/1 a%%ura%y of the sam!le*s total mass

2/ ,ray that has enou+h s!a%e to dry the %oarse a++re+ate

3/ ,em!er .ith 15 mm of diameter 60 %m of len+th .ith roundedend in

material that &etter from anti%orrosi)e steel

#/ Strai+ht ed+e

5/ ylinder steel %ontainer that ri+id enou+h has holder outside and %a!a%ity

as follo."

,a&le 2/1/ ontainer a!a%ity

a!a%ity

4itre

Diameter

4mm

ei+ht

4mm

Minimum

,hi%-ness of

ontainer 4mm

Maimum

+rain si8e

4mm

Base Side

2/32 152/#

2/5

15#/9

2/5

5/0 2/5# 12/7

9/#35 203/2

2/5

292/1

2/5

5/0 2/5# 25/#

1#/15 25#/0

2/5

279/#

2/5

5/0 3/00 3/1

2/316 355/6

2/5

2#/#

2/5

5/0 3/00 101/6

C. MATERIALS

:uttin+ the %oarse a++re+ate in to the tray at the minimum )olume of %a!a%ity

that %om!ati&le .ith ta&le 3/2; dryin+ the a++re+ate in the o)en .ith


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2/ ?nsertin+ the %oarse a++re+ate %arefully so that se!aration of +rains

from maimum hei+ht of 5 %m a&o)e the %ontainer did not ha!!en and

mo)in+ it .ith s!oon or sho)el until the %ontainer is full/

3/ 'li+nin+ the surfa%e of the %oarse a++re+ate .ith strai+ht ed+e/

#/ S%alin+ and ta-in+ a note of the mass of the %ontainer .ithin the

%oarse a++re+ate inside it 2=/

5/ al%ulatin+ the mass of %oarse a++re+ate 3@ >2A >1=/

Solid &ul- density .ith maimum +rain of 3/1 mm 2A >1=

E. DATA CALCULATION

Some formula for this e!eriment"

Bul- Density of '++re+ate @ B W3

V kg /dm3

3


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(oids @( AW)B(AW)

100

>here"

( @ )olume of the %ontainer


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(oids @( AW)B

(AW) 100

(oids @(1.681 )1.49

(1.681) 100 @ 11/31

i++in+ :ro%ess

ontainer*s mass 1=>1@ 5/11 -+

ontainer*s mass .ith %oarse a++re+ate inside it after e!eriment 2=>2@ 19/5 -+

oarse a++re+ate after e!eriment 3@ >2A >1=>3 @ 19/5 A 5/11 @ 1#/#7 -+

Bul- Density @ B @W

3

V kg /dm3

B @14.47

9.55@ 1/51 kg /dm3

(oids @( AW)B

(AW) 100

(oids @(1.681 )1.51

(1.681) 100 @ 10/12

>ei+ht of

%ontainer

1= 4-+

(olume

of

ontainer

ei+ht of

%ontainer after

e!eriment

2= 4-+

>ei+ht of

%oarse

a++re+ate

3= 4-+

Bul-

Density


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Before doin+ this e!eriment %ourse a++re+ates .ere needed to &e

!re!ared in a dry %ondition first/ ,he e!eriment itself %an &e di)ided into

three !arts .hi%h %ontain different method ea%h .hi%h are loose .ei+ht

method sta&&in+ !ro%ess method and Ci++in+ !ro%ess method/ First of all

the mass of the %ontainer is needed to &e s%aled in e)ery methods/ For the

loose .ei+ht su&e!eriment the net ste! .as !uttin+ in the %oarse

a++re+ate into the %ontainer until it full/ For the sta&&in+ !ro%ess !art the

net ste! .as !uttin+ in %oarse a++re+ate into the %ontainer e)ery onethird

of the %ontainer and solidifyin+ it .ith tem!er t.enty fi)e times e)enly

and do the rest for the t.othird !art/ For the Ci++in+ !ro%ess the net ste!

.as !uttin+ in the %oarse a++re+ate into three same thi%-nesses of the

%ontainer*s layer and solidifyin+ ea%h layer .ith sha-in+ ea%h side t.enty

fi)e times/ ater the last ste! of all !arts .as ali+nin+ the surfa%e .ith

strai+ht ed+e and s%alin+ the .ei+ht a+ain/

,he o&Ce%ti)es of the e!eriment are determinin+ the )alue &ul-

density of %oarse a++re+ate and )oid %ontent of %oarse a++re+ate/ Bul-

density of a++re+ate or unit .ei+ht is the mass of a++re+ate !er unit &ul-

)olume/ ,he mass of a++re+ate is determined in o)endry %ondition and

the )olume is the )olume of !arti%les !lus the )olume of )oids/ ,he )alue

of the &ul- density .ill determine ho. mu%h the )oids %ould &e filled .ith

fine a++re+ate and %ement/ ,he lo.er the &ul- density there are more

)oids to &e filled and &a%-.ards the hi+her the &ul- density there are fe.

)oids to &e filled/

Based on 'S,M 29 the )alue of the &ul- density is usually

a&o)e 15 for %oarse a++re+ate and &elo. 15 for fine a++re+ate/ ,he

a++re+ates itself are di)ided into three -inds de!ends on unit .ei+ht of

a++re+ate .hi%h are li+ht.ei+ht normal.ei+ht and hea)y.ei+ht/ ,he

li+ht.ei+ht a++re+ate is a++re+ate .ith &ul- density less than 70

lbs/ ft3 or 1220 kg /m3 / ,he normal.ei+ht a++re+ate is a++re+ate

.ith &ul- density &et.een 15201690 kg /m3 / ,he hea)y.ei+ht

a++re+ate is a++re+ate .ith &ul- density +reater than 130 lbs/ ft3 or

200 kg /m3 /(oid used to re!resent the amount of air s!a%e &et.een the

a++re+ate !arti%les/ ,he )oid %ontent is the total )olume minus the solid

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)olume of !arti%les/ (oid %ontent .hi%h normally forms in !er%enta+e %an

&e %al%ulated &y %rossin+ &ul- s!e%ifi% +ra)ity .ith .ater density then

minus it .ith &ul- density o)er &ul- s!e%ifi% +ra)ity %ross .ater density

then %ross .ith 100/

,he )oid %ontent for normal a++re+ate )aries from 30 to 50

!er%enta+es de!endin+ on sha!e si8e and teture/ For %oarse a++re+ate it

)aries from 30 to 50 !er%enta+es de!endin+ on the maimum si8e/ ,he

lar+er the maimum si8e the lo.er the )oid %ontent/

*. R2#6-0 An"-!#i#

From this e!eriment the data has &een +ot are the )alue of &ul-

density and )oids from ea%h methods/

From the first methods loose !ro%ess the )alue of the &ul- densityis 1/3 kg /dm3 and the )oid %ontent is 17/6/ From the se%ond

methods sta&&in+ !ro%ess the )alue of the &ul- density is 1/#9 kg /dm3

and the )oid %ontent is 11/31/ From the third methods Ci++in+ !ro%ess

the )alue of the &ul- density is 1/51 kg /dm3 and the )oid %ontent is

10/12/

From those three methods it %ould &e -no.n that the a++re+ate is

&et.een li+ht.ei+hts and normal.ei+ht a++re+ate/ For the )oid %ontent

from loose !ro%ess is &elo. the ran+e of %oarse a++re+ate*s )oid %ontent/ ?t

also sho.n the same as .ell for the other data/ o.e)er it still %ould &e

-no.n that the lo.est density is .ith loose !ro%ess and hi+hest density is

.ith Ci++in+ !ro%ess/ ,he lo.est )oid %ontent is .ith Ci++in+ !ro%ess and

the hi+hest )oid %ontent is .ith loose !ro%ess/

Be%ause of !ourin+ the %oarse a++re+ate into the %ontainer .ithout

solidifyin+ it the &i++er )oid %ontent ha!!en in the loose !ro%ess !art/ ?t

%reates &i+ s!a%es as .ell .hi%h is %alled as )oid/ Be%ause of the )oid the

)olume &e%omes &i++er and the )alue density %ould &e smaller in other

.ay/

,he lo.est )oid %ontent ha!!en in Ci++in+ !ro%ess !art/ ?t %ould

ha!!en due to the solidifyin+ !ro%ess &y sha-in+ the ea%h side for 25

times/ By solidifyin+ the %oarse a++re+ate e)enly the )oid %ontent that has

&een %reate is lo. .hi%h sho.s that it %reates little s!a%es in &et.een

%oarse a++re+ate/ Be%ause of that the )olume that %ould fill the %ontainer

&e%omes smaller and the )alue of density %ould &e hi+her/

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3. E%%% An"-!#i#

Mista-es %ould ha!!en in any la&oratory e!eriment/ E)en thou+h

it %ould diminished .ith !re%aution &ut in this e!eriment the error still

ha!!ened/ ,he error is the )alue of the )oid %ontent is &elo. the ran+e of

the )oid %ontent of %oarse a++re+ate/ ?t %ould ha!!en &e%ause the !ro%ess

did not ee%ute !ro!erly/ ,he first method .as .ron+ &e%ause sie)in+

usin+ hand %annot ma-e the %oarse a++re+ate distri&ute .ell/ ?n result the

si8e of a++re+ate that .ere used had a lot of )ariety si8e/

G. CONCLUSION

,his e!eriment is di)ided into three su&e!eriments .ith different

methods for ea%h su&e!eriment/ ,here are three methods .hi%h are loose!ro%ess sta&&in+ !ro%ess and Ci++in+ !ro%ess/ ,he loose !ro%ess Cust !ourin+

the %oarse a++re+ate into the %ontainer the sta&&in+ !ro%ess di)ide into three

layer and use tem!er and the Ci++in+ !ro%ess di)ide into three layer and sha-e

ea%h side/ ,his e!eriment*s !ur!ose is to determine the )alue of &ul- density

and the )alue of )oid %ontent/

From the data !ro%essin+ the data has &een +ot is >1 >2 >3

)olume &ul- density and the )oid %ontent/ From the loose !ro%ess the > 1 is

5/11 -+ the >2 is 1/2 -+ the >3is 13/17 the )olume is 9/55 dm3 the )alue

of the &ul- density is 1/3 kg /dm3 and the )oid %ontent is 17/6/ From

the sta&&in+ !ro%ess the >1 is 5/11 -+ the >2 is 19/30 -+ the >3is 1#/19 the

)olume is 9/55 dm3 the )alue of the &ul- density is 1/#9 kg /dm3 and the

)oid %ontent is 11/31/ From the Ci++in+ !ro%ess the >1 is 5/11 -+ the >2 is

19/5 -+ the >3 is 1#/#7 the )olume is 9/55 dm3 the )alue of the &ul-

density is 1/51 kg /dm3 and the )oid %ontent is 10/12/

From the e!eriment it %an &e %on%lude that the %oarse a++re+ate is

&et.een li+ht.ei+ht a++re+ate and normal.ei+ht a++re+ate &ased on the

)alue of &ul- density/ 'fter that the )oid %ontent is ran+in+ from 10/12

17/6/ $ne of three )alues of )oid %ontent is mu%h &elo. o)er the standard

of )oid %ontent for %oarse a++re+ate/ ?t ha!!ened due to the mista-e that

ha!!ened from ea%h method .hi%h .as usin+ hand sie)e the %oarse

a++re+ate/ 'nd then the lo.est density is .ith loose !ro%ess and hi+hest

density is .ith Ci++in+ !ro%ess/ ,he lo.est )oid %ontent is .ith Ci++in+ !ro%essand the hi+hest )oid %ontent is .ith loose !ro%ess/

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H. REFERENCES

'meri%an So%iety for ,estin+ and Materials/ GStandards ,est Method for Bul-

Density 4GHnit >ei+ht and (oids in '++re+ate No/ 'S,M 29I 29M A 97

4ea!!ro)ed 2003/Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (ol 0#/02

Badan Standarisasi Nasional/ GMetode !en+uCian &erat isi dan ron++a udara

dalam a+re+at SN? 03#0#199

SomayaCi Shan/ Civil Engineering Materials/ 2nded/ :renti%e all 2001/

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I. APPENDIX

Fi+ure ?/1/ oose >ei+ht ourse

'++re+ate

Fi+ure ?/2/ Sta&&in+ :ro%ess ourse

'++re+ate

Fi+ure ?/3/ i++in+ :ro%ess ourse

'++re+ate

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III.3 Anindya Hiswara 1506710235

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