HMP Shunt-5.pptx
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Transcript of HMP Shunt-5.pptx
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Hexose monophosphateshunt
(HMP shunt)
dr. Rauza Sukma Rita, Ph.D
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Hexose monophosphate shunt(HMP shunt)
Nama lain :
Pentose shunt
Pentose Phosphate Pathway Hexose monophosphate shunt
Phosphogluconate pathway
er!adi di sitosol
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"alur alternati# untuk meta$olismeglukosa
idak menghasilkan %P
Dua #ungsi utama :
Produksi N%DPH untuk sintesis redukti#,
seperti $iosintesa asam lemak dankolesterol
Produksi ri$osa untuk $iosintesis asam
nukleat dan nukleotida
Hexose monophosphate shunt(HMP shunt)
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Hexose monophosphate shunt(HMP shunt)
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N%DPHmerupakan
$entuk #os#orilasidari N%DH
Secara umum, N%DH
$er#ungsi mendorong#os#orilasi %DPmen!adi %P.
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&haracteristics:'xidati(e and Non)oxidati(e Phases
'xidati(e phases Produksi N%DPH
*rre(ersi$le
Non)oxidati(e phases Produksi ri$ose)+)P
Re(ersi$le reactions
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+ car$on atoms
Regulatory enzyme
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Regulatory enzyme
nzim -PD sangat spesi/k terhadap N%DP0
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Transketolase membutcoenzym thiaminepyrophosphate (TPP),
Glikolisis
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%lur H1P shunt dimulai dari glukosa )#os#at
%lur ini terhu$ung kem$ali denganglikolisis karena dua dari produk akhirH1P shunt adalah glyceraldehyde 2)Pand #ructose )P3 dua produk ini nantinyaakan masuk kem$ali ke !alur glikolisis
Hexose monophosphate shunt(HMP shunt)
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Pengaturan HMP Shunt
-lucose )phosphate Dehydrogenase 4-PD5merupakan enzim regulator
N%DPH merupakan kompetiti# inhi$itor yangpoten terhadap enzim -PD
6iasanya ratio N%DPH7N%DP0tinggi sehingga$isa mengham$at enzim -PD
Namun, dengan meningkatnya permintaanterhadap N%DPH, ratio menurun dan dan
akti/tas enzim -PD distimulasi. 8onsentrasi produk dan reaktan $isa $ergeser
tergantung dari ke$utuhan meta$olik sel atau!aringan tertentu.
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Sel yang mem$elah dengan cepatmem$utuhkan le$ih $anyak ri$ose +)
phosphate dari N%DPH.
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8e$utuhan akan N%DPH dan ri$ose +)phosphatedalam keadaan seim$ang
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8e$utuhan akan N%DPH le$ih tinggidi$andingkan ri$ose +)phosphate, misal pada
sintesis asam lemak di !aringan adiposa
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Sel mem$utuhkan N%DPH and %P
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Reduced
glutathione
-lutathione is atripeptide composedo# glutamate,cystein, glycine.
Reduced glutathione
4-SH5 maintains thenormal reducedstate o# the cell.
Glutathione and NADPH
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9ungsi -lutathione
6erperan se$agai pereduksi 6erkonyugasi dengan o$at sehingga
men!adi larut dalam air
erli$at dalam transportasi asamamino melewati sel mem$ran
&o#actor pada $e$erapa reaksienzimatik
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-ugus sul#hydryl dari reducedglutahion4-SH5 $erperan mengurangiperoksida 4R'S5 yang ter$entuk selama
transpor oxygen. Reacti(e oxygen species 4R'S5 merusak
DN%, RN% dan protein sehingga $isamenye$a$kan kematian sel
9ungsi -lutathione
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-lutathione and rythrocytes )
-SH is extremely important particularlyin the highly oxidizing en(ironment o#the red $lood cell.
1ature Red 6lood &ells 4R6&s5 ha(e no
mitochondria and are totally dependenton N%DPH #rom the pentose phosphatepathway to regenerate -SH
*n #act, as much as ;< o# glucose
consumption, $y erythrocytes, ismediated $y the pentose pathway.
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-lutathione andrythrocytes )=
he reduced #orm o# glutathione ser(esas a sul#hydryl $u>er.
*t maintains cysteine residues inhemoglo$in and other proteins in a
reduced state. -SH is essential #or normal R6&
structure and keeping hemoglo$in in 9e00state.
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-lutathione and
rythrocytes )2 Reduced glutathione also detoxi/es
peroxides.
&ells with low le(els o# -SH aresuscepti$le hemolysis.
*ndi(iduals with reduced -SH are su$!ectto hemolysis.
his is o#ten clinically seen as $lack urineunder certain conditions.
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-PD De/ciency
xposure to anti)malarial drugs4Prima?uine5 results in increased cellularproduction o# superoxide and hydrogen
peroxide 4Prima?uine sensiti(ity5 'ther chemicals known to increase
oxidant stress Sul#onamides 4anti$iotic5
%spirin and NS%*Ds @uinadine and ?uinine
Napthlane 4moth$alls5
9a(a $eans 4(icine A isouramil5
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9a(a 6eans
-rown worldwide *mportant in 1iddle
ast
High in protein -enetically modi/ed
#a(a $ean $eingde(eloped
Bow in (icine and
isouramil
9a(ism
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9%C*S1
*ndi(iduals with -PD de/ciency mustnot eat 9a(a $eans.
rythrocytes lysedark or $lack urine.
*nterestinghe growth Plasmodium #alciparum 4malaria
parasite5 #ails in -PD de/cient indi(iduals.
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TERIMAKASIH