Halo Vale 8-Small Secured

Halo Vale

INTERNAL MAGAZINEPT VALE INDONESIA TbkAPRIL 201408

UU Minerba: Mengejar Nilai Tambah

Cerita Misdar, Cerita Pomalaa SCV Mewariskan Jiwa Sosial

Makan Ikan untuk Jantung Sehat

sPelindung/Patron: Board of Directors PT Vale Indonesia Tbk, Penasihat/Advisor: Basrie Kamba (Director of Communications & External Affairs), Penang-gung jawab/Editors in Chief: Teuku Mufizar Mahmud (GM Communications), Busman Dahlan Shirat (GM Community Relations) Redaksi Pelaksana/ Managing Editor: Sihanto B. Bela, Redaksi/ Editors: Rohman Hidayat Yuliawan, Nala Dipa Alamsyah, Nuki Adiati, Maman Ashari, Eko Rusdianto, Fotografer/Photographer: Doni Setiadi, Desain & Tata Letak/Design & Layout: Sandy Pauling, Alamat Redaksi/Address: Jl. Ternate No. 44 Sorowako, Kabupaten Luwu Timur, Sulawesi Selatan, Telp. 021-5249100, Ext. 9628 & 3656, Fax. 021-5289587.

Redaksi Halo Vale menerima sumbangan naskah dari pembaca. Naskah ditulis dengan bahasa yang mudah dimengerti dan populer. Panjang naskah mak-simal satu setengah halaman kuarto, spasi satu setengah. Sertakan foto atau ilustrasi baik gambar maupun grafik jika diperlukan. Saran dan naskah diki-rimkan ke alamat email editor: [email protected] dan [email protected].

Readers are welcome to contribute articles for publication in Halo Vale. Articles should be written in prose that is easy to understand, with a line-space of 1.5 and a maximum length of 1.5 A4 pages. Include photos or illustrations, drawings or graphs, if necessary. Please send suggestions and articles to the editor at [email protected] and [email protected].

DARI K AMI

Pembaca yang budiman,

Dalam lima tahun terakhir, terjadi gonjang-ganjing dalam industri pertambangan kita. Pemicunya adalah larangan ekspor mineral men-tah paling lambat lima tahun sejak UU No. 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Minerba disahkan, atau 12 Januari 2014. Mengikuti UU tersebut, peru-sahaan tambang wajib membangun pabrik pengolahan (smelter). Intinya, Indonesia tidak lagi berjualan mineral mentah.

UU tersebut dimaksudkan terutama untuk meningkatkan penerimaan negara dan memberikan nilai tambah dalam bentuk lapangan kerja dan penyediaan bahan baku bagi industri dalam negeri (industri hilir). Tak syak, semangat yang memayungi UU Minerba adalah nasionalisme untuk menggantikan UU No.11 Tahun 1967 tentang Ketentuan-ketentuan Pokok Pertambangan.

UU No. 11 Tahun 1967 itu dinilai menempatkan negara dalam posisi yang lemah. Kini, sudah saatnya negara dan korporasi tambang berdiri sama tinggi. Yang jadi masalah, menurut sejumlah pengamat tambang, aturan tersebut kurang memperhatikan kesulitan yang bakal dialami perusahaan tambang.

Setelah tiga tahun UU Minerba dicanangkan, kegiatan pengolahan dan pemurnian di dalam negeri belum juga menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan. Sebaliknya, volume ekspor mineral mentah justru naik. Direktorat Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara bahkan menyebutkan, ada sejumlah komoditas mineral yang sama sekali belum memiliki pabrik pengolahan di dalam negeri.

Isu pelarangan ekspor mineral mentah makin panas dengan terbitnya Permen ESDM No. 7 Tahun 2012 tentang Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Mineral Melalui Kegiatan Pengolahan dan Pemurnian Mineral. Pasal 21 Permen ini menyatakan, larangan ekspor mineral mentah sudah harus dilaksanakan selambat-lambatnya 3 bulan sejak Permen itu dikeluarkan, 6 Mei 2012. Padahal UU Minerba 2009 menyatakan jatuh tempo adalah 5 tahun sejak UU tersebut disahkan. Namun akhirnya Permen ESDM tersebut dibatalkan oleh MA setelah ada permohonan gugatan dari pengusaha penambangan bauksit di Kalimantan Tengah, Alias Wello.

Kami berharap Anda akan memahami secara cepat duduk perkara pembangunan smelter dan larangan ekspor mineral mentah. Kami sajikan berita-berita lain yang menarik, seperti aksi kemanusiaan tim Vale dalam membantu musibah banjir di Manado (Interaksi), cerita dari Pomala (Profil), dan kiat menjaga kesehatan jantung (Sehat Selamat).

Selamat membaca.

FROM US

Dear readers,

The last five years has seen turbulent times for our mineral industry. This was triggered by a ban on the export of unprocessed minerals, which was to take effect five years, at the latest, after Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining was enacted. The deadline for this was 12 January 2014. The Mining Law requires companies to build their own smelting facilities, therefore sending the message that Indonesia is no longer interested in selling unprocessed minerals.

The Law was created to increase state revenues and add value to the industry in terms of providing employment and supplying domestic (downstream) industries with raw material. No doubt, the spirit of the 2009 Mining Law was nationalism, replacing Law No. 67 on Basic Principles of Mining.

The former law was considered to place the state in a weak position. It was now time for the state and mining corporations to be equals. The problem, according to mining analysts, is that the Law had little regard for the many problems that mining companies.

After three years of enacting the Mining Law, in 2012, domestic pro-cessing and refining industries showed insignificant progress. Instead, the volume of unprocessed mineral exports actually increased. The Directorate General of Minerals and Coal even stated that several mineral commodities had no domestic processing facilities at all.

The issue surrounding the ban on unprocessed mineral exports heated up further with the release of Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (MoEMR) Regulation no. 7 of 2012 on Increasing Added Value of Minerals through Mineral Processing and Refining. Article 21 of the MoEMR Regulation stipulated that the ban on unprocessed mineral exports was to take effect within 3 months of the date the Regulation was issued, 6 May 2012. This conflicted with the 2009 Mining Law which stipulated that the deadline was 5 years from the time the law was enacted. The regulation was later annulled by the Supreme Court following a lawsuit by Central Kalimantan bauxite mining businessman, Alias Wello.

We hope it helps you to quickly understand the issues related to the development of smelters and the ban on raw mineral exports. We also present to you with other interesting articles such as the humanitarian action of a team from Vale in assisting flood victims in Manado (Interaction), a story from Pomala (Profile) and tips to maintain a healthy heart (Safe Health)

Enjoy.

02 Halo Vale I Edis i Apr i l 2014

Cover

Pemberlakuan UU Minerba dinilai para pengamat memberikan nilai tambah berlipat ganda bagi negara. UU tersebut juga ibarat tonggak kedaulatan terhadap perlindungan sumber daya sekaligus peningkatan ekonomi Indonesia. Seperti apa cerita di balik pemberlakuannya dan benefit yang akan diperoleh Indonesia?

The enforcement of Mineral and CoalMining Law assessed by the analysts can give added value for the country. The law may protect natural resources and increasing Indonesias economic sector as well. What was the story behind its enforcement and the benefits to be gained by Indonesia?

Cover Design: Sandy Pauling

DAFTAR ISI / TA B L E O F CO N T E N T

SURAT PEMBACA 04READERS LETTERS 04

LAPORAN UTAMA I COVER STORYSetelah Lima Tahun Menunggu 05The five-year wait 11Membangun Smelter Tidak Mudah 16Building Smelters Not Easy 19 Antara Regulasi Tambang, 22Penataan IUP, dan Kewenangan Daerah Between the Mining Regulation, 24Mining Permit Structuring and Regional Authority UU Minerba: Untuk Mengejar 26 Nilai Tambah Mineral and Coal Mining Law: 28Struggling for Value Added

KINERJA I PERFORMANCECSMS Diharapkan Berikan Nilai 30Lebih CSMS Expected to Provide Added Value 32Kinerja PT Vale Dinilai Memuaskan 34PT Vales Performance Deemed 36Satisfactory

INTERAKSI I INTERACTIONTiga Belas Hari Membantu Bencana 38 Manado Thirteen Days Assisting Manado 41Disaster Victims

Setiap Warga Bisa Jadi Pewarta 44Everyone Can Be a Reporter 46 ATMOSFER I ATMOSPHEREEarth Hour 2014 52Earth Hour 2014 54

PROFIL I PROFILECerita Misdar, Cerita Pomalaa 56The Story of Misdar, the Story of the 58Pomalaa Project

KOMUNITAS I COMMUNITIESSCV Mewariskan Jiwa Sosial 60 SCV Passes Down Social Conscience 62

SEHAT SELAMAT I HEALTHY SAFETYMakan Ikan untuk Jantung Sehat 65Eat Fish for a Healthy Heart 68

KUIS I QUIZ 70

ZOOM IN 71

03Edis i Apr i l 2014 I Halo Vale

SURAT PEMBACA / READERS LET TERS

RESENSI BUKU Halo Vale merupakan bacaan yang selalu saya tunggu-tunggu kemun-culannya. Saya senang dan banyak mendapat pengetahuan dari ulasan-ulasannya. Apalagi bahasa dan kontennya semakin disajikan dengan gaya populer. Saya usul agar pada edisi-edisi selanjutnya, Halo Vale punya rubrik khusus resensi buku-buku baru yang menarik. Ini bisa menjadi panduan bagi mereka yang suka membaca atau menambah minat baca karyawan. S t i v a n B e n n y M a m a h i t [ M i n i n g D e p a r t m e n t ]

Terima kasih masukannya. Sementara kami tampung dan akan pertimbangkan kehadiran beberapa rubrik baru yang memang banyak diusulkan pembaca, termasuk rubrik yang Anda usulkan. Sampai saat ini redaksi belum punya rencana mengubah atau menambah rubrik karena keterbatasan halaman.

VERSI SOFTCOPYSelamat dan sukses buat Halo Vale yang telah terbit hingga beberapa edisi dengan isi yang makin menarik dan inovatif. Selain versi hard-copy, apakah Halo Vale juga tersedia dalam versi softcopy? Bila ada versi softcopy tentu lebih hemat, karena makin sedikit Halo Vale yang dicetak. Saya sangat sayang melihat Halo Vale yang sudah dicetak dengan baik tapi berceceran karena berlebih. Selain itu, dengan versi softcopy, Halo Vale berpotensi menjadi lebih interaktif seperti majalah-majalah online yang ada sekarang, yang bahkan sudah ada video di dalamnya.U m a r K a s m o n [ L a b o r a t o r y a n d S H ]

Halo Vale tersedia pula dalam versi softcopy. Pembaca dapat mengaksesnya melalui situs vale.com/indonesia di bagian Publikasi. Sebenarnya kami telah melakukan penyesuaian agar sejalan dengan kebijakan penghematan biaya, yakni dengan mengurangi jumlah oplah dan spesifikasi cetak yang lebih hemat.

MASIH SERING TERLAMBATDalam kesempatan ini saya ingin menyampaikan kritik tentang Halo Vale yang selalu terlambat sampai ke tangan karyawan. Bahkan hal ini telah terjadi sejak Inkomunikasi. Apakah majalah ini memiliki per-jalanan birokrasi yang berbelit-belit di departemen untuk sampaikepada kami? Sebab, saya menerima Halo Vale edisi 5 bulan Septem-ber pada pertengahan Oktober. Kedua, mengapa untuk mengirimkan kuis hanya bisa melalui emailVale. Padahal tidak semua karyawan memiliki email Vale. Dengan kebijakan ini, kami seakan tidak punya kesempatan untuk berpar-tisipasi mengirimkan kuis. Terima kasih.R e n y N o v i a n a Po l y [ P r o c t e c h A n a l y s t ]

Rantai pasca-produksi memang merupakan tantangan yang masih dihadapi redaksi sampai saat ini. Namun kami berusaha agar tiap edisi Halo Vale dapat sampai di tangan pembaca setiap 2 bulan. Mengenai kuis, pembaca dapat berpartisipasi dengan mengirimkan fotokopi jawaban melalui DP 23B atau alamat redaksi. Jadi jawaban tidak mesti dikirimkan melalui email Vale.

Kirimkan kritik, saran, dan tanggapan Anda tentang Halo Vale ke [email protected] atau kirimkan surat ke DP 23B. Surat yang dimuat akan mendapatkan suvenir menarik. Pengirim surat pembaca yang dimuat, silahkan mengambil suvenir di Communications & External Affairs Depart-ment pada hari dan jam kerja.

Send your opinion, comment and feedback about Halo Vale to [email protected] or letters to DP 23B. For each letter published will receive a souvenir. For letter senders, kindly pick up your souvenir at Communications & External Affairs Department during the days and working hour.

04

BOOK REVIEWI always eagerly anticipate the newest edition of Halo Vale magazine. I enjoy reading and gaining knowledge from the magazines informative coverage, particularly as it is written in a popular language that is easyto understand. I suggest that in future editions, Halo Vale include re-views of interesting new books. This will provide a guide for those of us who enjoy reading and increase an interest in reading among employees.S t i v a n B e n n y M a m a h i t [ M i n i n g D e p a r t m e n t ]

Thank you for your input. For the time being, suggestions for any new columns as requested by many readers will be considered, including the column that you have suggested. Currently, however, there are no plans to change or add columns due to space limitations.

SOFT COPY Congratulations and well done on the successful publication of several editions of Halo Vale packed with interesting and innovative content. Besides its print version, is Halo Vale also available in digital format? Soft copies of Halo Vale will no doubt cost less, as fewer magazines need to be printed. It seems wasteful to see nicely printed copies of Halo Vale scattered about due to a surplus of them. Also, having digital copies of the magazine allows it to be interactive like many online magazines we see today, some of which even carry embedded videos.U m a r K a s m o n [ L a b o r a t o r y a n d S H ]

Halo Vale is available in digital format and readers can access it from the Publications page of the vale.com/indonesia website. We have in fact made some adjustments, in accordance with cost-cutting policies, by reducing our circulation and applying cost-efficient print specifications.

STILL DELAYED I would like to take this opportunity to criticize Halo Vale for being con-stantly late in reaching employees. In fact, this has happened sinceit was still called Inkomunikasi. Is there a long and winding bureaucra-tic process in the department through which the magazine must passbefore reaching us? I received Halo Vales September Edition 5 in mid-October.

Secondly, why can quizzes only be sent through Vale email, when in fact not all employees have Vale email? By having this requirement, it seems we have no chance of participating in quizzes. Thank you. R e n y N o v i a n a Po l y [ P r o c t e c h A n a l y s t ]

The post-production chain is indeed a challenge that the editorial team must face to this day. However, we will endeavor to have readers receive Halo Vale every 2 months. With regards to the quizzes, readers can participate by sending a photocopy of their answers through DP23B or editors address, so they do not need to be sent through Vale email.

Halo Vale I Edis i Apr i l 2014

Setelah Lima Tahun Menunggu

L APOR AN UTAMA

Pelarangan ekspor mineral mentah sebagaimana diamanatk an UU No. 4 Tahun 2009 tidak mudah dilaksanak an. Apa alasannya?

05

Kegiatan pemuatan nikel matte produksi PT Vale di Pelabuhan Balantang, Malili, Luwu Timur. Produk yang dikirim kepada pelanggan di Jepang merupakan produk yang telah diolah sejak PT Vale berproduksi 1978.

Edis i Apr i l 2014 I Halo Vale

Kapal Aeriko milik Cina itu sudah berada di Laut Sulawesi pada 10 Januari 2014 silam. Posisinya hanya beberapa kilometer dari Pelabuhan Pomalaa, Sulawesi Tenggara. Namun kapal barang curah (bulk carrier) berbobot mati 63 ribu ton lebih itu tidak mendapat izin mengangkat sauh. Padahal kapal yang dioperasikan oleh Erli International Ship Management Co itu, yang bermarkas di Shanghai, telah dipenuhi bijih nikel dan siap kirim ke Pelabuhan Guangzhou.

Aeriko merupakan 1 dari 10 kapal berjenis bulk carrier yang tidak diizinkan keluar perairan Indonesia oleh bea cukai setempat. Gara-garanya, Aeriko memuat ribuan ton mineral mentah dua hari sebelum jatuh tempo pelarangan ekspor mineral mentah sebagaimana diamanatkan oleh UU No. 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Minerba, yakni 5 tahun sejak UU tersebut disahkan pada 2009. Karena itulah, sepekan sebelumnya, banyak kapal kargo Cina buru-buru menyelesaikan prosedur pengapalan sebelum jatuh tempo pelarangan ekspor mineral mentah tersebut.

Atas penahanan tersebut, Duta Besar Cina untuk Indonesia Liu Jianchao kontan angkat bicara. Dia melayangkan surat kepada Kementerian Perhubungan, Kementerian ESDM, dan Kementerian Perdagangan, dengan tembusan kepada pemerintah Sulawesi Tenggara. Jianchao keberatan atas penahanan kapal-kapal tersebut, karena mengakibatkan kerugian jutaan dollar AS. Dia meminta pemerintah Indonesia untuk mempertimbangkan kembali keputusannya.

Beberapa bulan sebelum UU Minerba disahkan, pemerintah Indonesia sebenarnya sudah gencar mengingatkan perusahaan tambang berorientasi ekspor mineral mentah untuk menihilkan aktivitas tersebut dan membangun pabrik pengolahan (smelter). Ini dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah produk mineral (hilirisasi). Pro dan kontra pun muncul.

UU Minerba 2009 memang mewajibkan komoditas pertambangan diolah di dalam negeri sebelum diekspor. Namun UU itu memberi-kan pengecualian kepada perusahaan pemegang Kontrak Karya (KK) dan Perjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara (PKP2B) untuk menjalankan kewajiban tersebut paling lambat tahun 2014. Bagi pemerintah Indonesia, waktu lima tahun hingga 2014 lebih dari cukup untuk merealisasikan seratus persen kebijakan hilirisasi tersebut.

Kenyataannya, setelah tiga tahun UU Minerba dicanangkan sejak 2012, kegiatan pengolahan dan pemurnian di dalam negeri belum juga menunjukkan perkembangan yang signifikan. Sebaliknya, volume ekspor mineral mentah justru naik. Direktorat Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara bahkan menyebutkan, ada sejumlah komoditas mineral yang sama sekali belum memiliki pabrik pengolahan di dalam negeri.

Sebagai contoh, total produksi bauksit pada 2011 sebesar 40,7 juta ton, sebanyak 39,7 juta ton diekspor mentah. Yang diolah di dalam negeri hanya 0,03 juta ton. Sedangkan produksi mangan mentah meningkat 8 kali lipat dan tembaga 11 kali lipat dari 2008 hingga 2011.

Termutakhir, catatan Kementerian Perdagangan, dari 2012-2013 ekspor bijih tembaga dan konsentratnya mencapai 918 juta kilogram pada 2012, naik jadi 1,03 miliar kilogram pada 2013. Sedangkan ekspor bijih besi dan konsentratnya sebesar 8,6 miliar kilogram pada 2012, naik menjadi 17,4 miliar kilogram pada 2013.

Ekspor bijih nikel dan konsentratnya bervolume 33 miliar kilogram pada 2012, melesat naik jadi 47 miliar kilogram pada 2013. Dan kita tahu, 60-70 persen mineral itu diekspor ke Cina. Bodohnya kita, kenapa volume ekspor naik, harga justru turun? kata pengamat energi Marwan Batubara. Tak heran, kata Marwan, bila perusahaan tambang besar yang belum memiliki smelter berteriak kencang dan sengaja mengenjot produksi sebelum ekspor mineral mentah dilarang.

L APOR AN UTAMA


Dok. PTVale/ Basrie K

amb

a

Kapal pengangkut nikel ore milik Cina di lepas pantai Kolonodale, Sulawesi Tengah. Foto diambil pada Mei 2012.

Isu pelarangan ekspor mineral mentah makin panas dengan terbit-nya Permen ESDM No. 7 Tahun 2012 tentang Peningkatan Nilai Tam-bah Mineral Melalui Kegiatan Pengolahan dan Pemurnian Mineral. Pasal 21 Permen ini menyatakan, larangan ekspor mineral mentahsudah harus dilaksanakan selambat-lambatnya 3 bulan sejak Permenitu dikeluarkan, 6 Mei 2012. Padahal UU Minerba 2009 menyatakan jatuh tempo adalah 5 tahun sejak UU tersebut disah-kan. Namun akhirnya Permen ESDM tersebut dibatalkan oleh MA setelah ada permohonan gugatan dari pengusaha penambangan bauksit di Kalimantan Tengah, Alias Wello.

Permen No. 7 Tahun 2012 kemudian digantikan Permen No. 11 Tahun 2012, diikuti Inpres No. 3 Tahun 2013 tentang Percepatan Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Mineral Melalui Pengolahan dan Pemur-nian di Dalam Negeri pada 13 Februari 2014. Dalam Permen No. 11Tahun 2012 disebutkan, pemegang izin usaha pertambangan (IUP)masih diperbolehkan mengekspor mineral mentah dengan sejum-lah catatan seperti berkomitmen untuk membangun smelter, ber-itikad baik untuk menjaga lingkungan, dan areal tambangnya ber-status clear and clean (tidak tumpang-tindih).

Terkait pelarangan ekspor mineral mentah ini, isu-isu yang muncul adalah tentang perusahaan kecil bakal gulung tikar, maraknya pe-mutusan hubungan kerja, berkurangnya pemasukan negara, dantidak mudah membangun smelter. Membangun smelter membu-tuhkan waktu 3-4 tahun, karena perlu uji kelayakan dan perhitunganekonomi, ujar juru bicara PT Freeport Indonesia, Daisy Primayanto seperti dilansir Tempo.co (6 Februari 2014).

Freeport disebut sedang melakukan uji kelayakan untuk membangun smelter tembaga di dua tempat, Gresik, Jawa Timur, dan Timika, Papua. Proyek senilai 3 miliar dollar AS itu, merupakan kerja sama Freeport dengan PT Indosmelt dan PT Indovasi Mineral Indonesia.

Meski demikian, ada beberapa perusahaan telah siap menyambut kebijakan hilirisasi pemerintah. Sebut saja PT Antam. Perusahaan ini menggandeng perusahaan tambang asal Australia, Direct NickelLimited, yang pada 31 Mei 2012 mulai membangun pabrik pengo-lahan nikel berkapasitas 10 ribu ton per bulan senilai Rp3,8 triliun.

Melihat pro dan kontra pelarangan ekspor mineral mentah tersebut, pemerintah Indonesia bergeming. Dirjen Pajak Fuad Rahmany, se-hari sebelum jatuh tempo pelarangan mineral mentah diberlakukan,11 Januari 2014, menyatakan, pemerintah tidak takut kehilangan potensi pajak akibat penghentian ekspor tambang mentah. Pajak pasti berkurang, tapi kita enggak mau mineral kita dikeruk habis-habisan dan dibawa ke luar negeri, ujar mantan Ketua Badan Penga-was Pasar Modal ini, seperti dilansir (kompas.com, 11 Januari 2014).

Pajak MerosotPerhitungan Fuad, potensi kehilangan pajak dari pelarangan aturan ekspor tambang mentah tidak signifikan. Totalnya sekitar Rp15 triliun. Sebanyak Rp3 triliun dari pos pajak dan Rp12 triliun bea keluar. Itu eng-gak besar. Kita juga bisa mencari pemasukan dari pos selain tambang , ujar Fuad.

Munculnya pro kontra pelaksanaan UU Minerba Tahun 2009, menu-rut pengamat ekonomi dari Universitas Indonesia Zenathan Adnin,karena lambatnya pihak swasta menyikapi regulasi ini. Padahal UU Minerba sudah dirilis sejak 2009, tapi mereka lambat merespons-nya, ujar Zenathan Adnin.

Namun belakangan, sikap tegas pemerintah untuk melaksanakan tanpa kompromi amanat UU Minerba Tahun 2009 sepertinya me-lunak. Melalui dua kementeriannya, terbit Permen ESDM No.1 Tahun 2014 tentang tentang Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Mineral Melalui Kegiatan Pengolahan dan Pemurnian Mineral di Dalam Negeri dan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan No. 6/PMK.011/2014 tentang Bea Keluar Progresif untuk Ekspor Mineral.

Dalam Permen ESDM 1/2014 disebutkan, pemerintah memberikan batas waktu pembangunan smelter sampai tiga tahun ke depan atau sampai 2017. Sedangkan dalam Permen Keuangan dilansir kebijakan bea keluar progresif bertahap dengan kisaran 20-60 persen hingga akhir 2016 bagi pengekspor mineral mentah.

Dalam opini Irwandy Arif, Ketua Indonesia Mining Institute yang di-muat Bisnis Indonesia, 30 Desember 2013, ada dua hal yang dapatdilakukan pemerintah agar industri nikel Indonesia berkesinambu-ngan. Pertama, diperlukan perencanaan dan pengawasan terhadappembatasan ekspor bijih nikel. Kedua, pemerintah perlu menciptakaniklim investasi yang merangsang masuknya pelaku usaha yang mau berinvestasi untuk pembangunan jangka panjang.

Di sisi lain, pengurangan ekspor bijih nikel tidak akan menurunkan pendapatan negara dalam jangka pendek. Namun justru membe-rikan keuntungan yang jauh lebih besar bagi Indonesia untuk jang-

ka panjang ketika diterapkan kewajiban pendirian smelter. []

L APOR AN UTAMA


Wor

dp

ress

.com

Aktivitas tambang bauksit di Kepulauan Riau (ilustrasi).

L APOR AN UTAMA

PASAL-PASAL PENTING UU MINERBA NO. 4 TAHUN 2009 Keterangan: IUPK: Izin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus I WIUPK: Wilayah Izin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus

Pasal 83b. Luas 1 (satu) WIUPK untuk tahap kegiatan operasi produksi pertambangan mineral logam diberikan dengan luas paling banyak 25.000 hektare.

g. Jangka waktu IUPK Operasi Produksi mineral logam atau batubara dapat diberikan paling lama 20 tahun dan dapat diperpanjang dua kali masing-masing 10 (sepuluh) tahun.

Pasal 102Pemegang IUP dan IUPK wajib meningkatkan nilai tambah sumber daya mineral dan/atau batubara dalam pelaksanaan penambangan, pengolahan dan pemurnian, serta pemanfa-atan mineral dan batubara.

Pasal 103(1) Pemegang IUP dan IUPK Operasi Produksi wa-jib melakukan pengolahan dan pemurnian hasil penambangan di dalam negeri.

Pasal 106Pemegang IUP dan IUPK harus mengutamakan pemanfaatan tenaga kerja setempat, barang, dan jasa dalam negeri sesuai dengan

ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.

Pasal 112(1) Setelah 5 (lima) tahun berproduksi, badan usaha pemegang IUP

dan IUPK yang sahamnya dimiliki oleh asing wajib melakukan dives-tasi saham pada Pemerintah, pemerintah daerah, badan usaha miliknegara, badan usaha milik daerah, atau badan usaha swasta nasional.

Pasal 129(1) Pemegang IUPK Operasi Produksi untuk per-tambangan mineral logam dan batubara wajib membayar sebesar 4% kepada Pemerintah dan

6% kepada pemerintah daerah dari keuntungan bersih sejak berproduksi.

Pasal 170Pemegang kontrak karya sebagaimana dimaksud

dalam Pasal 169 yang sudah berproduksi wajib melakukan pemurnian sebagaimana dimaksud

dalam Pasal 103 ayat (1) selambat-lambatnya 5 tahun sejak Undang-Undang ini diundangkan.

PERMEN ESDM NO. 1 TAHUN 2014 tentang Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Mineral Melalui Kegiatan Pengolahan dan Pemurnian Mineral di Dalam Negeri

Pasal 5(1) Pemegang IUP Operasi Produksi Mineral Logam dan lUPK Operasi Produksi Mineral Logam wajib melakukan pengolahan dan pemur-nian hasil penamba-ngan di dalam negeri sesuai dengan batasan minimum pengolahan dan pemurnian Mineral Logam tertentu.

(3) Pengolahan dan atau pemurnian hasil penambangan yang diproduksi oleh pemegang IUP Operasi Produksi dan lUPK Operasi Pro-duksi dapat dilakukan secara lang sung atau melalui kerja sama dengan pemegang lUP Operasi Produksi lainnya, IUPK Operasi Produksi lainnya, dan atau pemegang IUP Operasi Produksi khusus untuk pengolahan dan atau pernurnian.

Pasal 6(1) Kerja sama pengolahan dan/atau pemumian sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 5 ayat (3) dapat berupa:a. Jual beli Bijih (raw material atau ore) atau Konsentrat; ataub. Kegiatan untuk rnelakukan proses pengolahan dan atau pemurnian.

Pasal 9Kewajiban pengolahan dan/atau pemurnian untuk Mineral Logam, Mine-ral Bukan Logam, dan Batuan dalam ketentuan Peraturan Menteri ini tidak berlaku bagi pemegang IUP Operasi Produksi dan IUPK Operasi Produksi Mineral Logam, Mineral Bukan Logam, dan Batuan yang hasil penambang-annya digunakan langsung untuk kepentingan dalam negeri.


L APOR AN UTAMA

PERMEN PERDAGANGAN NO. 4 TAHUN 2014 tentang Ketentuan Ekspor Produk Pertambangan Hasil Pengolahan dan Pemurnian

Pasal 3Produk pertambangan yang berasal dari mineral logam sebagaimana tercantum dalam Lampiran 2 yang sudah mencapai batasan mini-mum pengolahan hanya dapat diekspor sampai dengan tanggal 12 Januari 2017.


Indonesia telah menjadi eksportir terbesar bijih nikel dunia dengan volume 600.000-700.000 ton per tahun dalam lima tahun

terakhir (30% dari suplai dunia) Namun, hal itu tidak seiring dengan peningkatan pendapatan negara, khususnya pajak dan

royalti yang kian merosot. Intinya, ekspor bijih nikel tidak berperan signifikan dalam peningkatan pendapatan negara lantaran

nilai jualnya yang rendah. Sebagai negara yang memiliki sumber nikel terbaik di dunia, kenyataan tersebut tidak membuat

Indonesia memiliki nilai tambah produk yang maksimal.

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000 700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0 2013f 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006

Ekspor Nikel Indonesia (Pendapatan Negara & Volume)

Pendapatan negara (dalam juta dollar AS)

Volume ekspor (dalam kilo ton)

Harga nikel LME

$24.287 $37.181 $21.027 $14.700 $21.809 $22.831 $17.526

Sumber: GTIS, laporan keuangan PT Vale, dan PT Antam, LME (diolah Steven Brown)

$15.050

Ekspor ore (termasuk pajak ekspor)

Ferronikel & matte

L APOR AN UTAMA

PRODUKSI NIKEL DI INDONESIA (METRIK TON) Pertambangan nikel di Indonesia booming sejak 2006. Meski demikian pertumbuhannya banyak ditopang oleh ekspor bijih besi Pasca keluarnya UU Minerba (2009), pertumbuhan perusahaan tambang nikel kian besar, meski ada kewajiban untuk memproduksi bahan mentah tersebut di dalam negeri.

Indonesia telah melampaui sebagai pemasok bijih besi dunia dari 10% menjadi 30% saat ini. Dengan volume ekspor dari 200.000 tonmenjadi 600-700.000 ton setiap bulannya. Namun kenyataan itu, tidak memberikan peningkatan yang signifikan, khususnya perusahaan tambang yang telah memiliki smelter maupun pendapatan pemerintah dari pajak dan royalti juga jatuh.

Intinya adalah memasok pasar nikel melalui ekspor bijih memiliki nilai keuangan yang terbatas, terutama karena ekspor bijih menerima persentase yang rendah dari harga LME. Meskipun memiliki beberapa sumber nikel terbaik dunia, Indonesia tidak mendapatkan nilai maksimal. Sebaliknya, yang terjadi adalah tak lebih dari deposito bijih besi kelas tertinggi yang cepat habis.

Mendorong lebih banyak smelter adalah solusi meningkatkan pendapatan Indonesia. Hal ini akan memastikan potensi nikel di Indonesia diubah menjadi pertumbuhan ekonomi yang lebih besar dan kekayaan bagi semua.

Eksp

or N

ikel

(ton N

ikel O

re at

au ya

ng di

olah

)

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

- 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 f

Olahan Ni Ore yang tidak diolah

Sumber: Dokumentasi PT Vale/Steven Brown


Undang-undang Minerba 2009

3%

6% 7% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5%

21% 23%

11%8%7%6%

25%

The five-year wait Law No. 4 of 2009 banning the expor t of raw minerals is not easy to implement. Why?

COV E R S TO RY

11

The Aeriko, a Chinese-owned freighter, was anchored in the Celebes Sea on 10 January 2014, a few kilometers from Southeast Sulawesis Pomala Port. But the 63,000 DWT bulk carrier operated by Shanghai-based Erli International Ship Management Co was not given permission to leave despite being loaded with nickel ore, ready for shipment to Guangzhou Port.

Aeriko was 1 of 10 bulk carriers prevented from leaving Indonesian waters by local customs authorities. The authorities reasoned that Aeriko was carrying thousands of tons of unprocessed minerals two days before the law banning raw mineral exports (Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining) was to take effect five years from the time the legislation was enacted on 12 January 2009. This was also the reason a large number of Chinese cargo ships were rushing to have their shipping procedures completed in the week prior to the law taking effect.

Chinese Ambassador to Indonesia Liu Jianchao raised questions on the detaining of the vessels in letters sent to the Ministry of Transportation, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources and the Ministry of Trade, with copies to the government of Southeast Sulawesi. Jianchao expressed displeasure with the vessels being held up, costing millions of US dollars in losses. He asked the Indonesian government to reconsider its decision.

A few months before the 2009 Law on Mineral and Coal Mining (or 2009 Mining Law) was enacted the Indonesian government had, in fact, reminded mining companies with ventures in unprocessed mineral exports to discontinue their activity and start building pro-cessing plants, or smelters. This down streaming was expected to add value to mineral products. This move had triggered plenty of debate.

The 2009 Mining Law requires mining commodities to be processed domestically before they can be exported. But companies holding Contracts of Work (KK) and Coal Contracts of Work (PKP2B) were exempt from the regulation and had until 2014 to implement it. The Indonesian government considered five years, until 2014, morethan enough time for companies to comply with the down stream-ing policy.

In reality, after three years of implementing the Law, domestic processing and refining capacities had shown no significant improvements by 2012; instead, there were sizeable increases in the volume of raw mineral exports. The Directorate General of Minerals and Coal even stated that some mineral commodities had no domestic processing facilities at all.

For example, from the total production of bauxite in 2011 of 40.7 million tons, 39.7 million tons were exported in unprocessed form. Only 0.3 million tons was processed onshore. Meanwhile, raw manganese production increased 8 fold between 2008 and 2011while copper went up 11 fold.

Most recently, the Ministry of Trade reported that exports of copper ore and its concentrates, which reached 918 million kilograms in 2012, increased to 1.03 billion kilograms in 2013. Exports of iron ore and its concentrates increased from 8.6 billion kilograms in 2012 to 17.4 billion in 2013. Exports of nickel ore and its concentrates went up from 33 billion kilograms in 2012 to 47 billion kilograms in 2013. And we know that 60-70 percent of the minerals are exported to China. Then we are stupid enough to wonder why export volumes are increasing while prices are decreasing, said energy observer Marwan Batubara. It is no wonder, Marwan pointed out, that large mining firms lacking smelters; were the loudest to complain and deliberately increased their production before raw mineral exports were banned completely.


Rizhao Port in Shandong Provinces, China is one of the enterance of nickel ore export from Indonesia.

theaustralian

.com

COV E R S TO RY

Debate surrounding the export ban heated up further with the re-lease of Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) Regula-tion No. 7 of 2012 on Increasing Added Value of Minerals through Mineral Processing and Refining. Article 21 of the MoEMR Regula-tion stipulated that the ban on unprocessed mineral exports was to take effect within 3 months of the date the Regulation was issued, 6 May 2012. This conflicted with the 2009 Mining Law which stipulated that the deadline was 5 years from the time the law was enacted. The re-gulation was later annulled by the Supreme Court following a lawsuit by Central Kalimantan bauxite mining businessman, Alias Wello.

MEMR Regulation No. 7 of 2012 has since been replaced with MEMR Regulation No. 11 of 2012 and Presidential Instruction No. 3 of 2013 on Accelerating the Increase of Added Value of Minerals through Domestic Mineral Processing and Refining on 13 February 2014. MoEMR Regulation No. 11 of 2012 stipulates that holders of Mining Business Permits (IUP) are still permitted to export raw minerals provided they complied with several requirements, such as demonstrating their commitment to develop a smelter, having the goodwill to protect the environment and ensuring that their mining area had a clear and clean status (that did not overlap others).

Issues surrounding the ban on raw mineral exports mainly related to the possibility of small-scale companies closing down, company workers being laid off and state revenues falling, as well as the difficulty of building smelters. Building a smelter can take 3 to4 years due to the need for feasibility studies and economic calcu-lations, said PT Freeport spokesperson Daisy Primayanto (Tempo.co, February 6, 2014) .

Freeport is said to be conducting feasibility studies for the develop-ment of two copper smelters: one in Gresik, East Java, and the other in Timika, Papua. The $3 billion development will be a colla-borative project between Freeport, PT Indosmelt and PT Indovasi Mineral Indonesia.

However, other companies have stated that they are ready to com-ply with the governments down streaming policy. Take for example PT Antam. On 31 May 2012, in collaboration with Austra-lian mining firm Direct Nickel Limited, it began development of a IDR3.8 trillion nickel processing facility which would have a capacity of 10,000 tons a month.

The Indonesian government has been unmoved by the debate surrounding the export ban. A day before the ban was to take effect (11 January 2014), Director General of Tax Fuad Rahmany said the

government was not scared of potential tax losses due to the ban on raw mineral exports. Tax revenues will surely decline, but we dont want to see our minerals being completely depleted and taken offshore, said Fuad, who was the former head of the Capital Market Supervisory Agency (kompas.com, January, 11, 2014).

Less TaxBased on his calculations, the potential tax loss resulting from the ban on unprocessed mineral exports is insignificant. The total is only IDR15 trillion, or IDR3 trillion from taxes and IDR12 trillion from export duties. Its not a large amount. We can regain this from state revenues collected from non-mining areas, Fuad said.

According to economic observer Zenathan Adnin from Universitas Indonesia, debate around the implementation of the 2009 Mining Law was caused by the private sectors sluggish response to the regulation. The Law was enacted in 2009, but they have been slow to respond, said Zenathan Adnin.

Recently, however, the governments uncompromising resolve seems to be wavering. This is apparent from MoEMR Regulation No. 1 of 2014 on Increasing Added Value of Minerals Through Domestic Mine-ral Processing and Refining, and Minister of Finance Regulation No. 6/PMK.011/2014 on Progressive Export Duties for Mineral Exports.

In MEMR Regulation 1/2014, the deadline for the development of smelting facilities has been extended by three years to 2017. In theFinance Ministers regulation, duties on exports will be progressively increased from 20 percent to 60 percent by the end of 2016.

Irwandy Arif, Chairperson of the Indonesia Mining Institute, was quoted by Bisnis Indonesia on 30 December 2013 as saying the government can do two things to guarantee the sustainability of Indonesias nickel industry. Firstly, it needs to plan and supervise the restriction of nickel ore exports. Secondly, the government should create a conducive investment climate encouraging businesses to commit to long-term developments.

Irwandy said restricting nickel ore exports would not reduce state revenues in the short term. On the contrary, it would provide substantial long-term benefits particularly when it becomes compulsory for companies to build smelters. []


COV E R S TO RY

IMPORTANT ARTICLES IN LAW NO. 4 OF 2009 ON MINERAL AND COAL MINING Note: IUPK: Special Mining Business License I WIUPK: Special Mining Business License Areas

Article 83b. The maximum area granted for 1 (one) Special Mining Business License Area (WIUPK) at the operational stage of metal minerals mining production is 25,000 (twenty five thousand) hectares.

g. The maximum period of time granted to a Production and Operational Special Mining Business License (IUPK) for metal minerals is 20 (twenty) years and can be exten-ded two (2) times 10 years

Article 102Holders of Mining Business Licenses (IUPs) and Special Mining Business License (IUPKs) are obligated to increase the added value of mi-neral and/or coal resources when conducting their mining, processing and refining activities and utilizing mineral and coal..

Article 103(1) Holders of Production and Operational IUPs and IUPKs are obligated to process and refine mining products domestically. Article 106

Holders of IUPs and IUPKs must prioritize the use of local manpower, domestic products and services, as stipulated in rules and regulations.

Article 112(1) After 5 (five) years of production, businesses holding IUPs and

IUPKs whose shares are held by foreign parties are obligated to divest their shares to the Government, local governments, state-

owned companies, regional government-owned companies, or national private businesses.

Article 129(1) Holders of Production and Operational

IUPKs for metal and coal minerals are obligated to pay, out of their net profit from the time of production, 4% (four percent) to the Govern-

ment and 6% (six percent) to the local government.

Article 170Holders of Contracts of Works as stipulated in Article

169 who have started production are obligated to refine their product, as stipulated in Article 103

clause (1), within 5 (five) years of this Law being enacted.

MINISTER OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES REGULATION NO. 1 OF 2014 on Increasing Added Value of Minerals Through Domestic Mineral Processing and Refining

Article 5(1) Holders of Production and Operational IUPs for metal minerals and Production and Operational IUPKs for metal metals are obligated to process and refine mining products domestically, and observe the minimum level of processing and refining as determined by metal type.

(3) The processing or refining of mining products by holders of Production and Operational IUPs and Production and Operational IUPKs may be carried out directly or through cooperation with other holders of Production and Operational IUPs, Production and Operational IUPKs, and/or holders of Production and Operational IUPs specializing in processing and/or refining.

Article 6(1) Cooperation in processing and/or refining as stated in Article 5 clause (3) may be in the form of:a. Trading in raw material/ ore or concentrate; orb. Activities in processing and/or refining.

Article 9The obligations to process and/or refine metal minerals, non-metal minerals and rocks as stipulated by this Ministerial Regulation does not apply to holders of Production and Operational IUPs and Production and Operational IUPKs for metal minerals, non-metal minerals and rocks, whose mining products are used directly for domestic purposes.


MINISTER OF TRADE REGULATION NO. 4 / 2014 on the Export of Processed and Refined Mining Products

Article 3Mining products from metal minerals stipulated in Attachment II that have fulfilled the minimum level of processing requirement may only be exported until 12 January 2017.

COV E R S TO RY


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0 2013f 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006

Estimated Indonesian nickel exports (revenues and volumes)

Estimated Indonesian revenues from nickel exports (USD, millions)

Nickel contained in exports of matte,

FeNi, and ore (kilo-tonnes)

LME nickel price

$24,287 $37,181 $21,027 $14,700 $21,809 $22,831 $17,526

Source: GTIS, PT Vale and PT Antam financial reports, LME, and analysis (Steven Brown)

$15,050

Ore exports (incl. export tax)

FeNi & Matte

The massive increase in ore exports has not led to a meaningful increase in Indonesian nickel revenues. Indonesia has gone from

supplying less than 10% of the world nickel market to approximately 30% today. It has gone from less than 200,000t of nickel

exports to somewhere in the region of 600-700,000t. Meanwhile, revenues have not increased in a meaningful fashion. Of course,

as company revenues fall, government revenues from taxes and royalties are also falling.

COV E R S TO RY

NICKEL PRODUC TION IN INDONESIA (METRIC TON) Nickel mining in Indonesia has been booming since 2006. However all the growth has come via direct ore export operations. Most nickel mines in Indonesia today have started after the 2009 mining law, despite clear obligations for domestic processing. Indonesia has gone from supplying less than 10% of the world nickel market to approximately 30% today. It has gone from less than 200,000t of nickel exports to somewhere in the region of 600-700,000t. Meanwhile, revenues have not increased in a meaningful fashion. Of course, as company revenues fall, government revenues from taxes and royalties are also falling.

The point is that the current approach of supplying the nickel market through ore exports has had limited financial value, mainly since the ore exports receive a low percentage of the LME price. Despite having some of the worlds best nickel resources, Indonesia isnt getting optimum value. Instead, were seeing the highest grade deposits being rapidly depleted.

Encouraging more home processed nickel would almost certainly increase Indonesian revenues. This would ensure Indonesias nickel potential is converted into greater economic growth and wealth for all to share.

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

- 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 f

Processed Ni Unprocessed Ore

Source: PT Vales Doc/Steven Brown


2009 mining law

3%

6% 7% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5%

21% 23%

11%8%7%6%

25%

Membangun Smelter Tidak MudahSebanyak 185 proposal pembangunan smelter masuk ke pemerintah. Tak semua ak an dilolosk an.

L APOR AN UTAMA

Ketentuan UU Minerba Tahun 2009 agar perusahaan tambang me-miliki smelter (pabrik pengolahan) dianggap terlalu berat. Sebe-narnya, seberapa sulit membangun smelter? Jawabannya memang sulit. Membangun pabrik pengolahan bahan tambang mentah bukan melulu menyangkut perizinan dan sumber tenaga, tapi juga kelayakan dari sisi bisnis bagi investor. Catatan Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) menyebutkan, setiap smelter menelan biaya rata-rata 2-10 miliar dollar AS atau Rp1,9-9,5 triliun, bergantung pada kapasitas.

Hingga menjelang akhir 2013, dalam catatan Kementerian ESDM, sedikitnya 185 proposal pembangunan smelter diajukan dengan nilai investasi 555 miliar dollar AS atau senilai Rp5.233,6 triliun. Dari jumlah proposal yang masuk itu, pemerintah akan menyeleksi dan memilih investor yang benar-benar punya dana. Pemerintah juga mempertimbangkan kecukupan bahan baku. Jadi belum tentu rencana 185 smelter itu direalisasikan semuanya.

Data yang dirilis Kementerian ESDM pada pertengahan Januari 2014 lalu menyebutkan, baru 66 perusahaan pemegang IUP (izin usaha pertambangan) atau baru sekitar 27% dari 250 pemegang IUP yang siap dan serius membangun smelter. Sebagai contoh, investasi smelter tembaga, menurut Syanrir AB, Direktur Eksekutif Indonesia Mining Association (IMA) dinilai mencengangkan. PT Indosmelt, misalnya, yang berencana membangun smelter berkapasitas 350 ribu ton konsentrat yang dapat menjadi 100 ribu ton katoda tembaga dan asam sulfatbahan bagi industri pupukperlu modal sedikitnya 700 juta dollar AS.


Pikiran itu diamini Dito Ganinduto, anggota Komisi VII DPR. Idenyabagus, karena hilirisasi tidak tergantung swasta. Ini hampir samadengan pemerintah membangun kilang sendiri, tapi harus dipikir-kan mekanismenya, kata dia (inilah.com, 12 Desember 2013).

Menyangkut jaminan pasokan bahan baku sendiri, sebagai contoh,smelter tembaga belum ada peminatnya. Calon investor PT Nusan-tara Smelting, misalnya, meminta jaminan pasokan tersebut. Saat ini, smelter tembaga di Indonesia yang beroperasi adalah milik PT Smelting Gresik yang mengolah 30% konsentrat tembaga yang dipasok dari Freeport dan Newmont Nusa Tenggara. Padahal Indo-nesia memiliki cadangan 4,2 miliar ton bijih tembaga. []

L APOR AN UTAMA

INVESTASI PEMBANGUNAN PABRIK PRODUK MINERAL

2013 Realisasi investasi Minerba: 4,3 miliar dollar AS.Realisasi investasi pembangunan smelter: 346 juta dollar AS.2014 Realisasi investasi Minerba: 8,8 miliar dollar AS. Realisasi investasi pembangunan smelter: 4,8 miliar dollar AS.

PTIndoferro Pengolahan pig iron dan nickel pig iron. Kapasitas: 500 ribu ton per tahun. Lokasi: Cilegon, Jawa Barat. Investasi: 800 juta dollar AS.

PTKrakatauPosco Pengolahan bijih besi. Kapasitas: 3 juta ton per tahun. Lokasi: Cilegon, Jawa Barat. Investasi: 6 miliar dollar AS. Patungan PT Krakatau Steel dan Pohang Iron and Steel Company (Posco) Korea Selatan.

PTDairiPrimaMineral Pengolahan bijih seng. Kapasitas: 1 juta ton per tahun. Lokasi: Dairi, Sumatera Utara. Investasi: 400 juta dollar AS. Merupakan anak perusahaan PT Bumi Resources Minerals.

PTMeratusJayaIronandSteel Pengolahan bijih besi. Kapasitas: 315 ribu ton per tahun.

Dalam Pengerjaan

Lokasi: Batulicin, Kalimantan Selatan. Investasi: 150 juta dollar AS. Patungan PT Antam dan PT Krakatau Steel.

PTSebukuIronLateriticOre Pengolahan bijih besi. Kapasitas: 1 juta ton per tahun. Lokasi: Kotabaru, Kalimantan Selatan. Investasi: 300 juta dollar AS.

PTAgincourtResources Pengolahan bijih tembaga/emas. Kapasitas: n/a. Lokasi: Pahae, Tapanuli Utara, Sumatera Utara. Investasi: n/a. Merupakan anak perusahaan G-Resources Group Ltd.

PTAnekaTambang Pengolahan bijih bauksit. Kapasitas: 300 ribu ton per tahun. Lokasi: Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat. Investasi: 492 juta dollar AS. Patungan dengan PT Indonesia Chemical Alumina (ICA).


Hingga menjelang akhir 2013, catatan Kementerian ESDM, sedikitnya ada 185 proposal pembangunan smelter diajukan dengan nilai investasi 555 miliar dollar AS atau senilai Rp5.233,6 triliun.

PTBosowaMetalIndustridanPTCentralOmegaResources Pengolahan pig iron dan nickel pig iron. Kapasitas: 500 ribu ton per tahun. Lokasi: Cilegon, Jawa Barat. Investasi: 800 juta dollar AS.

PTCentralOmega Pengolahan feronikel. Kapasitas: 320 ribu ton per tahun. Lokasi: Morowali Utara, Sulawesi Tengah. Investasi: 300 juta dollar AS.

Dalam Rencana

PTAntam - Proyek feronikel Halmahera, kapasitas 27 ribu ton nikel per tahun, investasi 1,6 miliar dollar AS. - Proyek feronikel Pomalaa, investasi 486 juta dollar AS. - Proyek pig iron Mandiodo, kapasitas 120 ribu ton per tahun, investasi 398 juta dollar AS. - Proyek Chemical Grade Alumina (CGA) Tayan, kapasitas 300 ribu ton per tahun, investasi 450 juta dollar AS. - Smelter Grade Alumina (SGA) Mempawah, kapasitas 1,2 juta ton per tahun, investasi 1 miliar dollar AS.

PTNusantaraSmeltingdanPTJinghuangIndonesia(telah mendapat izin). PTWedaBayNikel(studi kelayakan).

Lainnya

L APOR AN UTAMA

PETA PENYEBARAN SMELTER YANG BEROPERASI DI INDONESIA

Smelter

Cilegon (Banten)

Dairi & Pahae, Tapanuli Utara(Sumatera Utara)

Batulicin & Kotabaru (Kalimantan Selatan)

Sanggau(Kalimantan Barat)

Sorowako(Sulawesi Selatan)

Gresik(Jawa Timur)


Pomalaa(Sulawesi Tenggara)

Berbagai sumber/ diolah

Building Smelters Not Easy The government has received 185 proposals for the construc tion of new smelters. Not all will get a green light.

The need for mining companies to have smelters (processing faci-lities) as stipulated by the 2009 Mining Law is considered a difficult task to fulfill. But is a smelter hard to build? The answer, yes, it is. Developing a factory processing raw mining products does not only involve obtaining the necessary permits and manpower; it is also about assessing the ventures business feasibility as determined by the investor. According to Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MoEMR), a smelter costs $2-10 billion, or IDR1.9-9.5 trillion on average, depending on capacity.

As of the end of 2013, the MEMR has received at least 185 proposals for the construction of smelters, with a total investment of $555 billion or IDR5,233 trillion. The government would select and

choose the proposals from investors with solid financing. The government would also take into account the supply of raw material. So, the 185 smelters may not all go ahead.

According to MEMR data released in mid-January, only 66 IUP holders or about 27% of 250 IUP holders are prepared and serious about building smelters. The investment for a copper smelter is astonishing, said Indonesia Mining Association (IMA) Executive Director Syahrir AB. For example, PT Indosmelts plans to build a smelter with a 350,000-ton concentrate capacity producing 100,000 tons of copper cathodes and sulfuric acid material for fertilizer manufacturing will require capital of at least $700 million.

COV E R S TO RY


INVESTMENT IN SMELTER DEVELOPMENT

2013 Realized investment in energy and coal mining: $4.3 billion.Realized investment in smelter development: $346 million. 2014 Total target for investment in energy and coal mining: $8.8 billion. Target for investment in smelters: $4.8 billion.

PTIndoferro Pig iron and nickel pig iron processing. Capacity: 500,000 tons a year. Location: Cilegon, West Java. Investment: $800 million.

PTKrakatauPosco Iron ore processing. Capacity: 3 million tons a year. Location: Cilegon, West Java. Investment: $6 billion. A joint venture between PT Krakatau Steel and Pohang Iron and Steel Company (Posco) of South Korea.

PTDairiPrimaMineral Zinc ore processing. Capacity: 1 million tons a year. Location: Dairi, North Sumatera. Investment: $400 million. A subsidiary of PT Bumi Resources Minerals.

PTMeratusJayaIronandSteel Iron ore processing. Capacity: 315,000 tons a year.

On Going:

Location: Batulicin, South Kalimantan. Investment: $150 million. A joint venture between PT Antam and PT Krakatau Steel.

PTSebukuIronLateriticOre Iron ore processing. Capacity: 1 million tons a year. Location: Kotabaru, South Kalimantan. Investment: $300 million.

PTAgincourtResources Copper/gold ore processing. Capacity: n/a. Location: Pahae, Tapanuli North, North Sumatera. Investment: n/a. A subsidiary of G-Resources Group Ltd.

PTAnekaTambang Bauxite ore processing. Capacity: 300,000 tons a year. Location: Sanggau, West Kalimantan. Investment: $492 million. A joint venture with PT Indonesia Chemical Alumina (ICA).

This idea was well received by Dito Ganinduto, a member of the House of Representatives Commission VII. Its a good idea so down streaming is not dependent on the private sector. It is almost like the government builds its own factory, but we need to think of agood mechanism for this, he said (inilah.com, December, 12, 2013)

With regards to raw material, there has been no interest in supplyingcopper smelters, for instance, and prospective investor PT NusantaraSmelting is asking that there be such guarantees. The copper smel-ter currently operating in Indonesia is owned by PT Smelting Gresik that processes 30% copper concentrate supplied by Freeport and Newmont Nusa Tenggara. Meanwhile, Indonesia has a deposit of 4.2 billion tons of copper ore. []

COV E R S TO RY


As of the end of 2013, the MEMR has received at least 185 proposals for the construction of smelters, with a total investment of $555 billion or IDR5,233 trillion.

PTBosowaMetalIndustridanPTCentralOmegaResources Nickel processing. Capacity: 10,000 tons a year. Location: Jeneponto, South Sulawesi. Investment: $200 million.

PTCentralOmega Ferronickel processing. Capacity: 320,000 a year. Location: Morowali Utara, Central Sulawesi. Investment: $300 million.

In The Pipeline

PTAntam - Halmahera ferronickel project, with a capacity of 27,000 tons of nickel a year and an investment of $1.6 billion. - Pomalaa ferronickel project, with an investment of $486 million. - Mandiodo pig iron project, with a capacity of 120,000 tons a year and an investment of $398 million. - Tayan Chemical Grade Alumina (CGA) project, with a capacity of 300,000 tons a year and an investment of $450 million. - Mempawah Smelter Grade Alumina (SGA), with a capacity of 1.2 million tons a year and an investment of $1 billion.

PTNusantaraSmeltingandPTJinghuangIndonesia (granted permission). PTWedaBayNikel (feasibility study).

Others

MAP OF INDONESIAS SMELTER

Smelter

Cilegon (Banten)

Dairi & Pahae, Tapanuli Utara(North Sumatera)

Batulicin & Kotabaru (South Kalimantan)

Sanggau(West Kalimantan)

Sorowako(South Sulawesi)

Gresik(East Java)

21

COV E R S TO RY


Pomalaa(Southeast Sulawesi)

Variety Sources

Selain perihal kewajiban perusahaan tambang untuk memiliki pabrik pengolahan, terbitnya UU Minerba juga sejalan dengan target pemerintah untuk menata Izin Usaha Pertambangan (IUP). Pasalnya, dalam 10 tahun terakhir pasca keluarnya UU Otonomi Daerah - penerbitan IUP oleh pemerintah daerah kian tak terkontrol dan memunculkan imbas negatif. Khususnya tumpang tindih lahan dan kerusakan lingkungan akibat praktik penambangan IUP yang tidak memperhatikan aspek keseimbangan alam dominannya.

Data Direktorat Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara Kementerian ESDM pada Februari 2014 menyebutkan terdapat 10.918 IUP di Indonesia. Sebanyak 12 provinsi diidentifikasi memiliki IUP terbanyak, di an-taranya Bangka Belitung (1085 IUP), Kalimantan Barat (682 IUP), Kalimantan Tengah (866 IUP), Kalimantan Timur (1.443 IUP), Sulawesi Tengah (443 IUP), dan Sulawesi Tenggara (472 IUP). Sebanyak 6.041 telah berstatus clean & clear (CNC) dan 4.877 sisanya berstatus non CNC dimana 3.136 berada di 12 provinsi tersebut.

UU Minerba mencoba melakukan perubahan tata kelola tambang minerba. Salah satu yang harus ditata ulang adalah izin-izin yangtumpang tindih tersebut, ujar Staf Ahli Bagian Hukum dan Perun-dang-undangan Kementerian ESDM, Sony Heru Prasetyo.

Persoalan tak cuma sampai di situ. Selain status CNC, persoalannya adalah juga teridentifikasi perusahaan pemegang IUP yang belum memiliki Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak (NPWP) ternyata cukup banyak. Data Ditjen Pajak Maret 2014, disebutkan terdapat 3.202 perusahaan pemegang IUP yang belum teridentifikasi NPWP-nya.

Dari hal itu, dalam catatan Ditjen Minerba, sejak 2005-2013, muncul piutang negara tercatat sebesar Rp.1.308 miliar yang terdiri dari iuran tetap Rp31 miliar atau 2,3 persen dan royalti sebesar Rp1.277 miliar atau 97,6 persen. Sedangkan jumlah piutang pada 12 provinsi mencapai Rp. 905 miliar atau 69 persen dari total piutang. Yang terdiri dari iuran tetap sebesar Rp. 23 miliar dan royalti sebesar Rp882 miliar rupiah. Piutang ini berasal dari 1.659 perusahaan dari total 7.501 IUP yang ada di 12 provinsi tersebut.

Antara Regulasi Tambang, Penataan IUP, dan Kewenangan DaerahPemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah dan KPK bekerja sama mengindentifik asi ribuan IUP di Indonesia. Tujuannya menyeragamk an prosedur, data, dan mencegah kerugian negara.

L APOR AN UTAMA

Jangan biarkan tumpang-tindih lahan ini jadi bom waktu yang akan merugikan kita semua,Todung Mulya Lubis (Pakar Hukum)


yout

ube.

com

L APOR AN UTAMA

23

Tak ayal, melihat fakta ini, Kementerian ESDM bersama Komisi Pem-berantasan Korupsi (KPK) dan menggandeng kementerian terkait lainnya seperti Keuangan, Perdagangan, Dalam Negeri, dan Peme-rintah Daerah gencar mengidentifikasi ribuan IUP sejak Februari 2014 silam untuk menyelamatkan keuangan negara dari praktik bisnis di sektor tambang.

Selama ini yang terjadi ada perbedaan data jumlah pemegang IUP antara Ditjen Minerba dengan Pemerintah Daerah. Maka itu, tujuan percepatan keluarnya peta kawasan tambang tersebut mengingat potensi kerugian negara akibat oknum kepala daerah di provinsi dan kabupaten terbilang tinggi, ujar Ketua Tim Kajian Sumber Daya Alam Litbang KPK Dian Patria.

Kewajiban ReklamasiSementara, menurut ahli geologi Nadjamuddin Nawawi merebaknya penerbitan IUP terjadi karena dua hal. Pertama, banyak daerah yangberorientasi mengejar pendapatan asli daerah lewat sektor pertam-bangan. Kedua, masih banyak pemerintah daerah yang tidak mema-hami prosedur penerbitan IUP dan disharmonisasi antar kepala daerah dalam penerbitan izin karena batas administrasi daerah yang kadang tidak jelas.

Alhasil, yang terjadi tumpang tindih tadi. Dan lokasi IUP banyak yang terletak di wilayah hutan lindung. Di luar itu, ada hal penting lainnya dalam penerbitan IUP, yakni status IUP eksplorasi menjadi IUP operasi produksi, harus disertai dengan kajian indikasi prospek dan nilai eko-nomis. Karena hal ini adalah petunjuk undang- undang, tambah dia.

Umumnya IUP operasi produksi yang dikeluarkan pemerintah daerah yang terjadi selama ini, termasuk untuk jenis tambang galian C, tidak memenuhi aspek tersebut. Hak dan kewajiban juga harus jelas, misal-nya perusahaan tambang harus melakukan reklamasi, ungkap dia.


Soal tumpang tindih ini, lihatlah catatan KPK dari kunjungan identifikasi IUP di Kalimatan Tengah pada Februari silam. Tumpang tindih IUP dengan kawasan hutan terjadi pada 20 ribu hektar kawasan hutan lindung, hampir 4.000 hektar hutan konservasi dan 379 ribu hektar kawasan HP (hutan produksi), HPK (hutan produksi dapat dikonversikan), dan HPT (hutan produksi terbatas). Dari hasil kajian KPK, tidak satupun daerah di provinsi ini mencantumkan data jaminan pascatambang. Sedangkan data jaminan reklamasi, hanya dicantumkan oleh 20 IUP dari 845 IUP senilai Rp5,5 miliar.

Tenaga PengawasSelain soal reklamasi, Sony Heru Prasetyo juga menambahkan faktor ketersediaan inspektur tambang di daerah. Sehingga komposisi IUP dan tenaga pengawasnya cukup ideal. Yang terjadi saat ini inspektur tambang di daerah sangat sedikit sekali jumlahnya dan tidak sesuai dengan jumlah izin yang dikeluarkan, tambah Sony.

Sedangkan dalam perspektif pakar hukum Todung Mulya Lubis, pemerintah daerah boleh saja menggunakan kewenangannya memberikan dan mencabut IUP karena hal tersebut diatur dalam UU Otonomi Daerah, namun aspek tumpang tindih lahan juga perlu menjadi perhatian serius untuk diselesaikan, khususnya oleh pemerintah pusat untuk dikoreksi. Jangan biarkan soal tumpang-tindih lahan ini jadi bom waktu yang akan merugikan kita semua, ujar dia (Koran Tempo, 29 Juni 2012). []

word

press.com

sinarb

umi.comAktivitas penambangan nikel di Kabaena, Sulawesi Tenggara.

Aktivitas tambang batubara di Barito Utara, Kalimantan Selatan

Between the Mining Regulation, Mining Permit Structuring and Regional Authority The central government, loc al governments, and KPK (Corruption Eradic ation Commission) work closely to identify thousands of IUP (mining permit) in Indonesia. The objec tive is to unify procedures, data, and prevent losses.

The mining companies are required to have a processing plan. In addition, the Government issued the Mining Law in line with the Governments target to organize mining permits (IUP). In the last 10 years, after the issuance of the Regional Autonomy Law, issuance of mining permits (IUP) by local governments becomes increasingly uncontrollable. As a result, land overlaps emerge and the severity of environmental damage increases due to mining practices with no consideration of the aspect of the natural balance.

According to the data from the Directorate General of Mineral and Coal of the Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry, in February 2014, there were 10,918 mining permits (IUP) in Indonesia. A total of 12 provinces were identified as having the largest number of IUP, including Bangka Belitung (1,085 IUP), West Kalimantan (682),

Central Kalimantan (866), East Kalimantan (1,443), Central Sulawesi (443), and Southeast Sulawesi (472). A total of 6,041 IUP have the status of clean and clear (CNC) while the remaining 4,877 have the status of non-CNC, in which 3,136 are in the 12 provinces.

The objective of the Mining Law is to change the governance of Mineral and Coal Mining. Permit overlapping should be reorganized, said the Legal and Legislation Senior Advisor of the Ministry of Energy, Sony Heru Prasetyo.

In addition to the CNC status, many companies with mining permits are identified without Taxpayer Identification Number (NPWP). From the data of the Taxation Office, in March 2014, there were 3,202 companies holding the IUP with unidentified NPWP.

COV E R S TO RY


Chinesse bulkcarrier surounding Kolonodale sea, Central Sulawesi

Dok

. PTV

ale/

Bas

rie

Kam

ba

The miners operate trucks and machinery in the coal mines at Palaran district, Samarinda, East Kalimantan.

In this context, the Directorate General of Mining recorded, since 2005-2013 State Receivables was recorded to be Rp1,308 billion, which consisted of Rp31 billion of fixed fees or 2.3 percent and royalties of Rp1,277 billion or 97.6 percent. Meanwhile the number of receivables in the 12 provinces reached Rp905 billion, or 69 percent of total receivables, which consisted of fixed fees of Rp23 billion and royalties of Rp882 billion. These receivables came from 1,659 companies of the total of 7,501 IUP holders in the 12 provinces.

Based on this fact, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources together with the Corruption Erradiction Commission (KPK), working closely with other related ministries such as the Ministry of Finance, Commerce, the Internal/ Home Affairs, and the local governments since February 2014 are aggressively identifying thousands of IUP with the objective to rescue the State Finance from the business practices in the mining sector.

Currently, there have been discrepancies between the data of the Directorate General of Mineral and Coal and the local governments regarding the number of IUP holders. Thus, the the the map of mining areas needs to be released as soon as possible, given the high potential of losses due to the violations conducted by the provincial and regional head of the districts, the Chairman of the Natural Resources Research and Development Assessment of KPK, Dian Patria said.

The Obligation for ReclamationAccording to geologists Nadjamuddin Nawawi, there are two reasons why the outbreak of IUP issuance occurred. First, many regions are oriented to pursue local revenue through the mining sector. Second, most of the local governments do not understand

the procedures for IUP issuance and the disharmony between theregional heads in the issuance of permits due to the unclear admi-nistrative boundaries.

As a result, overlapping occurs as mentioned before. Several IUP are located in protected forest areas. Another important matter related to the issuance of IUP concerns the status of IUP from exploration to production operations. This status change must be accompanied by a study on the indication of prospect and economic value. This is regulated by the law, Nadjamuddin added.

Generally, production operations IUP issued by the local govern-ment covers mining in the category of C. Rights and obligations should be clear, for example, mining companies must perform reclamation, Nadjamuddin said.

Land overlaps can be seen from the notes resulted from IUP identification visits in Central Kalimantan conducted by KPK in February. Mining permits were issued on a 20 thousand hectares of protected forest areas, around 4,000 hectares of forest conservations, and 379 thousand hectares of HP (production forest), HPK (convertible production forest), and HPT (limited production forest). From the results of the study KPK, none of the areas in the province included the post-mining guarantee. Meanwhile the reclamation guarantee were only provided by 20 of the 845 listed IUP holders with the value of Rp5.5 billion.

Super visor y personnelApart from the reclamation, Sony Heru Prasetyo also discussed about the availability of mine inspector in the region. The number of mine inspector in the region is very low, not in line with the number of permits issued, Sony said.

In the perspective of Todung Mulya Lubis, a legal expert, the local government may only use its authority to provide and repeal IUP as regulated in the Regional Autonomy Law. Land overlaps need to be seriously addressed, particularly by the central government. This problem of land overlaps may become a time-bomb with potential losses for all of us, lets not allow this to happen, Todung said (Koran Tempo, June, 29, 2012). []

COV E R S TO RY

voanew

s.com


beritaken

dari.com

Nickel Mine activity in one area at Southeast Sulawesi

Ada komentar menyebutkan, realisasi pelarangan ekspor mineral justru menjadi pukulan bagi Indonesia. Devisa negara menyusut tajam, ekonomi melemah karena investor menutup usahanya, dan jumlah pengangguran di sektor tambang bakal melonjak. Benarkah? Mari kita hitung kemungkinan itu berdasarkan skenario yang dirancang pemerintah.

UU Minerba 2009 tidak berdiri sendiri. Regulasi ini punya turunan yang dapat meminimalisir dampak buruknya. Pertama, pemerintah telah membuat regulasi kenaikan royalti untuk produk energi dan mineralPP No. 9 Tahun 2012 tentang Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak Sektor Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral. Tarif royalti dari sektor Minerba sela-ma ini dianggap berkontribusi sangat kecil bagi devisa negara.

UU Minerba: Mengejar Nilai Tambah Nilai tambah itu bisa ter wujud dalam bentuk keuntungan finansial, ekonomi, PDRB, PDB, lapangan kerja dan ketahanan mineral.

L APOR AN UTAMA

Dalam opini Irwandy Arif, Ketua Indonesia Mining Institute yang dimuat Bisnis Indonesia, 30 Desember 2013, Saat ini negara mendapat pendapatan dari kegiatan tambang nikel melalui pajak dan royalti yang besarnya sangat tergantung kepada harga nikel di pasar dan nilai produk nikel yang diekspor tersebut. Jumlah ekspor hanya menjadi salah satu dari faktor tambahan.

Dalam kurun waktu beberapa tahun terakhir, pendapatan negara dari pertambangan nikel justru cenderung berkurang meskipun volume ekspornya bertambah. Hal ini terjadi karena mayoritas nikel yang diekspor masih dalam bentuk bijih (15% dari nilai harga penjualan nikel murni).


Sebagai contoh, ketika harga nikel dunia melambung tinggi pada tahun 2007, besarnya pendapatan negara dari dua perusahaan penghasil utama nikel olahan, yakni PT Vale dan PT Antam, lebih dari dua kali lipat dari perkiraan pendapatan total yang diperoleh negara di tahun 2012 dari seluruh kegiatan pertambangan nikel (bijih) di Indonesia.

Padahal pada 2012 tersebut, total volume produksi tambang nikel mencapai dua kali lipat produksi 2007. Hal ini sangat menunjukkan betapa pentingnyanya peningkatan nilai tambah dan harga nikel terhadap jumlah pendapatan negara. Akhirnya, pada 2013, harga nikel menjadi semakin rendah sehingga besarnya pendapatan negara dari pertambangan nikel hampir tidak ada nilainya sama sekali meskipun tingkat produksi mencapai rekor tertinggi.

Respon PositifTak kalah menarik adalah hasil riset lembaga pemeringkat Fitch Ratings yang dirilis pertengahan Januari 2014 silam. Disebutkan, larangan ekspor mineral tambang mentah dari Indonesia tidak berdampak signifikan bagi bisnis industri di Cina. Fitch Ratings menyebut industri aluminium sebagai sampel. Memang, Cina sangat bergantung pada pasokan bauksit dari Indonesia sebagai bahan baku industri aluminiumnya. Namun Fitch Ratings menilai, Cina telah mengantisipasinya sejak lima tahun silam. Bauksit yang telah masuk ke Cina cukup sampai satu tahun produksi. Sebab tahun 2013 lalu, impor bauksit di Cina naik 80 persen, sementara produksi alumina di Cina hanya naik 18-20 persen. Sementara mereka mendapat pasokan dari India, Papua Nugini, dan Australia, ungkap Laura Zhai, Associate Director Fitch Ratings. Juga disebutkan, kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia tersebut tidak berdampak signifikan pada harga alumina global dan mineral lainnya. Namun Wakil Menteri Perdagangan Bayu Krisnamurthi justru menilai positif pasca-pemberlakuan penuh UU Minerba. Aturan ini diterima oleh pasar, dan dampaknya adalah rupiah menguat terhadap dollar Amerika Serikat, ujar dia sehari pasca-jatuh tempo UU Minerba, 13 Januari 2014. Dollar AS dibuka dengan posisi kembali menyentuh level Rp11.000, setelah sempat nangkring cukup lama di level Rp12.000, tambah dia.

Mark Selby, Senior Vice President of Business Development Royal Nickel Corp juga berkomentar positif. Kebijakan Indonesia seperti tektonik bagi pasar nikel. Sebab, 25-30 persen suplai global nikel mentah telah dihentikan melalui kebijakan ini. Tentu ini akan mem-berikan harapan bagi pasar nikel. Kita lihat dalam bulan pertamadan puncaknya pada semester kedua 2015, ujar Mark Selby seperti dilansir Mining.com, akhir Januari 2014 lalu.

Mark juga mengatakan, Cina sebenarnya tidak mampu memproduksi nikel berkualitas baik. Pasalnya, bahan baku terbaiknya selama ini disuplai dari Indonesia, yang memiliki grade antara 1,8-1,9 persen nikel dengan volume 75 persen dari total stok Cina. Sementara, Filipina sebagai andalan pemasok untuk Cina, hanya memiliki grade 1,4-1,5 persen nikel. Itu pun dengan volume hanya 10-20 persen dari total stok Cina. Artinya, perbaikan harga nikel dunia hanya tinggal menunggu waktu, Mark menegaskan.

Menurut Direktur Eksekutif Indonesian Resources Studies Marwan Batubara kewajiban hilirisasi bagi perusahaan tambang akan memberi nilai tambah berlipat ganda bagi negara. Nilai tambah itu bisa terwujud dalam bentuk peningkatan nilai yang bersifat tangible dan intangible, seperti berupa keuntungan finansial, ekonomi, PDRB, PDB, lapangan kerja, dan ketahanan mineral, ujar dia. Dia mencontohkan bila pengolahan dan pemurnian dilakukan di dalam negeri untuk nikel, bauksit, timah, besi dan tembaga, maka masing-masing nilainya akan naik sekitar 18, 30, 20, 4, dan 12 kali lipat. Angka itu belum termasuk keuntungan pengolahan produk samping, seperti adanya unsur logam tanah jarang dan logam radio aktif dari limbah tambang timah, atau unsur platina dan paladium dari limbah konsentrat tembaga. []

L APOR AN UTAMA

Aturan ini diterima oleh pasar, dan dampaknya adalah rupiah menguat terhadap dollar Amerika Serikat,Bayu Krisnamurthi (Wakil Menteri Perdagangan)

marg

ind

.com

Ed is i Apr i l 2014 I Halo Vale 27

There are people who say that banning unprocessed mineral exports will harm Indonesia. Foreign exchange will decline, the economy willweaken due to investors closing down their businesses, and unem-ployment in the mining sector will increase. Is this true? Let us calcu-late the possibility of this happening based on a scenario designed by the government.

The 2009 Mining Law is not an isolated piece of legislation. It has secondary legislations minimizing its negative impact. First, the go-vernment has created a regulation increasing royalties on energy and mineral products Government Regulation No. 9 of 2012 on Non-tax Revenues in the Energy and Mineral Resources Sector. Royalties from mining and coal has so far contributed very little to state revenue.

Irwandy Arif, Chairperson of the Indonesia Mining Institute, was quoted by Bisnis Indonesia on 30 December 2013 as saying the state currently receives revenues from nickel mining businesses through taxes and royalties. The amount of these depend largely on the market price for nickel and nickel product exports, despite the fact that export products are merely an additional factor.

28

gd

b.rferl.org

Bulldozers scoop soil containing various rare-earth elements to be loaded onto a ship at the port in Lianyungang, in Chinas eastern Jiangsu Province.


Mineral and Coal Law: Struggling For Value Added The added value that c an be realizedsuch as a financial benefit, economy, GRDP, GDP, employment, and mineral independenc y.

COV E R S TO RY

In the last few years, state revenue from nickel mining has been de-clining, although export volumes have been increasing. This is because nickel is exported in the form of nickel ore, which has a value 15% lower than pure nickel.

For example, when world nickel prices skyrocketed in 2007, state revenue from the two main producers of processed nickel PT Vale and PT Antam was more than double the total amount of state re-venue estimated to come from the entire ore mining industry in Indo-nesia for 2012. That year, the total production of the nickel mining industry was twice that of 2007. This demonstrates the impor-tance of nickel added value to state revenues. The drop in nickel prices in 2013 meant state revenues were extremely low, despite the fact that production levels were at a record high.

Positive ResponseNo less interesting are the research results of rating agency Fitch Ratings in mid-January 2014. The company reported that Indonesias ban on unprocessed mineral exports will not have a significant im-pact on the industry in China. Taking the aluminium industry as an example, Fitch Ratings, concluded that although China depended heavily on bauxite supplies from Indonesia for raw material, China has in fact anticipated this situation for the last five years. Bauxite that has entered China is enough for one year of production. Last year, Chinas bauxite imports increased by 80 percent while its alumi-na production rose just 18 to 20 percent. Meanwhile, it was receiving supplies from India, Papua New Guinea and Australia, said Fitch Ratings Associate Director Laura Zhai. The report also mentioned that the Indonesian governments policy would not have a significant impact on global prices of alumina and other minerals.

Deputy Minister for Trade Bayu Krisnamurthi sees the full implemen-tation of the Mining Law in a positive light. This regulation has been accepted by the market and the effect has been a strengthening of

COV E R S TO RY

29

huffin

gton

post.com

Ed is i Apr i l 2014 I Halo Vale

the rupiah against the US dollar, he said a day after the Mining Law was fully implemented on 13 February 2014. The US dollar opened at IDR11,000 after stagnating at IDR12,000 levels for quite a long time, he said.

Mark Selby, Vice President of Business Development Royal Nickel Corp, also made some positive comments. Indonesias policy was like a tectonic shift in the nickel market because it stopped 25 to 30 percent of the worlds raw nickel supplies, which would surely give hope to the nickel market. By the second half of 2015 we expect severe nickel shortages to emerge and will start seeing the first signs this month, Mark Selby said, as reported by Mining.com, at the end of January 2014.

Mark also said that China does not, in fact, have the capability to ma-nufacture good quality nickel. This is because its best raw material supplies with a grade of 1.8 to 1.9 percent nickel come from Indone-sia, providing 75 percent of Chinas total stock. Meanwhile, the Phili-ppines, which is Chinas main supplier, only has 1.4 to 1.5 percent grade nickel, supplying only 10 to 20 percent of Chinas total stocks.

Mark said this indicated that improvements in world nickel prices are only a matter of time. According to Executive Director of Indonesian Resources Studies Marwan Batubara, the downstream policy for mining companies will give added value to the country. The added value that can be realized in tangible and intangible form, such as a financial benefit, economy, GRDP, GDP, employment, and mineral independency, he said. He gave an example, when processing and refining are done domestically for nickel, bauxite, tin, iron and copper, then each mineral value will rise about 18, 30, 20, 4, and 12-fold. That number does not include the benefits of processing mineral byproducts, such as rare earth metals and radioactive metals from tin waste, platinum and palladium or elements from copper concentrate waste. []

Fitch Ratings (FR) buildings in Lo

ndon. In mid January 2014, FR sa

id Indonesias ban on

unprocessed mineral exports wi

ll not have a significant impact

on Chinas industries.

CSMS Diharapkan Berikan Nilai LebihPemerintah mengapresiasi upaya PT Vale dalam meningk atk an standar keselamatan kerja.

KINER JA


KINER JA

K3? Yesyesyes! CSMS? Yesyesyes! Terdengar teriakan penuh semangat lebih dari 400 audiens di Gedung TAB, Sorowako, 19 November 2013. Hari itu, berlangsung pencanangan CSMS (Contractor Safety Management System). Dipandu Amri AK, Direktur Pengawasan Norma Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja, Kementerian Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi, yel-yel itu seolah menyerukan komitmen PT Vale dan perusahaan kontraktor rekanannya untuk menyukseskan CSMS.

Acara berlangsung meriah dan interaktif. Selain dihadiri jajaran Kementerian Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi serta Kementerian ESDM beserta dinas-dinas terkait di tingkat Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan Kabupaten Luwu Timur, tampak Asisten III Pemerintahan Kabupaten Luwu Timur, jajaran manajemen dan tim CSMS PT Vale, dan perwakilan kontraktor nasional dan lokal.

Setelah bekerja lebih dari tiga bulanmulai dari menyusun mekanisme dan aturan hingga sosialisasiTim CSMS resmi menerapkan mekanisme dan standar baru K3 (keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja) untuk pekerja kontraktor. CSMS diharapkan dapat memuluskan misi PT Vale sebagai perusahaan tambang di Indonesia yang zero harm dan zero accident dalam operasionalnya.

Amri mengatakan, persoalan K3 di sektor pertambangan Indonesia masih mengkhawatirkan. Data Ditjen Pengawasan Norma K3 menyebutkan, setiap hari sedikitnya delapan pekerja tambang mengalami kecelakaan kerja.

Di sisi lain, jumlah ahli K3 masih berjumlah 63.000 orang. Sementara jumlah pekerja tambang di Indonesia yang mencapai 1,6 juta orang (2013). Tentu hal ini menjadi tantangan yang tidak mudah, Amri menegaskan.

Dari sisi regulasi, menurut Amri, pemerintah sebenarnya telah menerbitkan sejumlah instrumen untuk memayungi K3 agar lebih serius diterapkan di perusahaan-perusahaan tambang. Sebut saja Permenaker Nomor 5 Tahun 1996 tentang Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja. Yang terakhir, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 50 Tahun 2012 tentang Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja. Regulasi-regulasi tersebut merupakan jembatan bagi seluruh perusahaan, termasuk tambang di Indonesia, untuk menerapkan sistem manajemen K3, tambah Amri.

Pemerintah juga telah menyiapkan pegawai pengawas K3 dari Dinas Ketenagakerjaan dan Transmigrasi di tingkat provinsi dan kabupaten dalam penerapan K3. Pengusaha dan manajemen perusahaan dapat mengandalkan pegawai pengawas K3 di daerah tersebut untuk berkonsultasi dengan mereka. Saya berharap, CSMS bisa dimanfaatkan juga oleh PT Vale untuk mendapatkan nasihat-nasihat teknis, ujar Amri.

Penerapan CSMS PT Vale, menurut Amri, merupakan langkah maju perusahaan menuju operasional yang aman dan sehat. Hal senada diamini Ilham Munandar, Inspektur Pertambangan Direktorat Tambang dan Mineral Kementerian ESDM. CSMS ini sinergis dengan visi pertambangan Indonesia yang aman dan pro-lingkungan. Seperti kita ketahui, globalisasi membuat seluruh standar bisnis menjadi tinggi. Termasuk soal keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, ujar dia.

Ilham menambahkan, inisiatif dan penerapan CSMS di PT Vale diharapkan dapat membuat pekerja semakin aman dan selamat. Sekaligus menjadi inspirasi perusahaan tambang lainnya di Indonesia. Semua itu akan memberi nilai lebih, khususnya bagi iklim investasi di Indonesia.

Lebih DisiplinWakil Presiden Direktur PT Vale Bernardus Irmanto mengatakan, inisitif CSMS merupakan salah satu upaya PT Vale menuju operasi pertambangan yang zero harm dan zero accident. Kami menyadari, usaha pertambangan tidak luput dari risiko kerja. Kami berharap, dengan CSMS ini bekerja aman dan selamat sejalan dengan produktivitas yang semakin baik, ungkap dia.

Rahmania Jaisman, Safety Officer PT Hexindo Adiperkasa, perwakilan dari kontraktor, mengatakan, dengan adanya CSMS sistem K3 lebih terarah. Bila memang dari kontraktor ada zero accident selama setahun, kami berharap bisa mendapat rewards dari Vale. Semoga dengan adanya CSMS ini, Vale maupun kontraktor semakin disiplin mengacu kepada standar-standar K3, tambah wanita yang akrab disapa Nia ini.

Acara ditutup dengan penandatanganan Piagam Pencanangan Hari CSMS oleh dan atas nama Direktur Teknik dan Lingkungan Mineral dan Batubara Kementerian ESDM, Direktur Pengawasan Norma K3 Kementerian Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi, Presiden Direktur PT

Vale, dan Asisten III Pemerintahan Kabupaten Luwu Timur. []


32

K3? Yesyesyes! CSMS? Yesyesyes! The enthusiastic yells came from a 400-strong audience in the TAB Building in Sorowako in November 19th, 2013. That day, the Contractor Safety Management System (CSMS) was launched. Led by Amri AK, the Ministry of Manpower and Transmigrations Director of Work Health and Safety Norms Supervision, the yells seemed to echo the commitment of PT Vale and its contractors in making CSMS a success.

It was an exciting and interactive event. Besides officials from the Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, and their related offices at the South Sulawesi Provincial level and Luwu Timur Regency level, the event was also attended by Luwu Timur Regency Assistant III, PT Vales management and CSMS teams, and representatives from local and national contractors.

After working for more than three months from establishing mechanisms and rules to introducing the system the CSMS team was officially implementing new work health and safety (K3) standards and mechanisms for contractor employees. The CSMS is

expected to support PT Vales mission to become a mining company with a zero-harm, zero-accident record in its Indonesian operations.

Amri said the situation regarding work health and safety (K3) in Indonesia was still very worrying. According to figures from the Directorate General of Work Health and Safety Norms Supervision, at least eight mining workers are involved in accidents every day.

Meanwhile, there are only 63,000 K3 experts but up to 1.6 million mining workers in Indonesia (2013). Obviously, this is a great challenge to deal with, Amri said.

In terms of regulations, Amri said, the government has in fact issued several edicts encompassing K3, which are intended to encourage mining companies to implement it more seriously. Take for example Manpower Ministerial Decree No. 5 of 1996 on Work Health and Safety Management Systems and, more recently, Government Regulation No. 50 of 2012 on the Application of Work Health and Safety Management Systems. These regulations form a bridge enabling all companies including those in mining in Indonesia to implement the K3 management system, Amri added.

CSMS Expected to Provide Added ValueThe government appreciates PT Vales effor ts to improve occupational safety standards.

P E R FO R M A N C E


The government has also prepared K3 supervising officers from the provincial and regency levels of the Office of Manpower and Transmigration for the implementation of K3. Companies and company managers can rely on regional K3 supervising officers for consultative purposes. I hope the CSMS can also be used by PT Vale as a way to gain technical advice, Amri said.

PT Vales implementation of the CSMS, according to Amri, was a step forward for the company in its efforts to achieve a safe and healthy operation. Similarly, Ilham Munandar, Inspector for Mining at the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Mining and Minerals Directorate, said: The CSMS is in synergy with Indonesias mining vision, which is to be safe and pro-environment. As we know, globalization has made business standards much higher, including in terms of work health and safety, he said.

Ilham added that the CSMS at PT Vale was initiated and implemented to make employees safe and secure; it has also become an inspiration for other mining

Halo Vale 8-Small Secured

Documents

Transcript of Halo Vale 8-Small Secured