Enzim
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![Page 1: Enzim](https://reader033.fdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022061206/548365abb4af9fd03a8b45cd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ENZIMENZIM
OlehOleh
Drg. Setyohadi,MSDrg. Setyohadi,MS
![Page 2: Enzim](https://reader033.fdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022061206/548365abb4af9fd03a8b45cd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DEFINISI : Adalah suatu protein yang berperan sebagai biokatalisator ( katalisator reaksi biokimia ) dan bekerjanya spesifik
Protein enzim : * Enzim monomerik BM : 13.000-35.000 D * Enzim oligomerik BM : 35.000-Jutaan D
![Page 3: Enzim](https://reader033.fdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022061206/548365abb4af9fd03a8b45cd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Biokatalisator : E + S ES E + P
Spesifik : * Terhadap satu substrat. * Terhadap sekelompok substrat * Stereospesifik
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TATANAMA DAN KLASIFIKASI ENZIMMENURUT IUB
A.Menurut jenis reaksi : 1. Oksido reduktase 2. Transferase 3. Hidrolase 4. Liase 5. Isomerase 6. Ligase
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B. Nama pokok enzim terdiri dari dua bagian yang didepan diambil dari nama substrat dan dipisahkan oleh tanda ( : ) kemudian diikuti nama kelas dan diberi akhiran ASE Contoh : ATP : D-Heksosa 6 fosfotransferase
C. Apabila diperlukan dapat diberi informasi tambahan. Contoh : Malat : NAD Oksidoreduktase ( Dekarboksilase )
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D. Kode enzim : Terdiri dari empat deret angka yaitu : * Pertama Kelas enzim * Kedua Subkelas enzim * Ketiga Subsubkelas enzim * Keempat Nama spesifiknya
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1. Kelas Oksido-reduktase :
Contoh :E.C.1.1.1.1. Alkohol:NAD Oksidoreduktase ( Alkohol dehidrogenase )
Alkohol + NAD+ Aldehid + NADH + H+
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2. Kelas transferase :
Contoh : E.C.2.7.1.1. ATP : D-Heksosa-6-fosfo – transferase ( Heksokinase )
ATP+D-Heksosa ADP+ D-Heksosa 6-P
![Page 9: Enzim](https://reader033.fdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022061206/548365abb4af9fd03a8b45cd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
3.Kelas hidrolase
Contoh :E.C.3.1.1.8. Asil kolin Asil hidrolase ( pseudokolin esterase )
Asil kolin + H2O Kolin + Asam
![Page 10: Enzim](https://reader033.fdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022061206/548365abb4af9fd03a8b45cd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
4. Kelas Liase
Contoh :E.C.4.2.1.2 L-Malat Hidroliase ( Fumarase ) Malat Fumarat + H2O
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5. Kelas isomerase E.C.5.1.1.1. Alanin Rasemase L-Alanin D-Alanin E.C.5.2.1.3. Retinen isomerase Trans retinen 11 sis retinen
6. Kelas Ligase Contoh : E.C.6.3.1.2. Glutamin sintetase ATP + L-Glu + NH4+ ADP + L-Gln + Ortofosfat
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KINETIKA ENZIM
Teori kinetik : * Antar molekul harus saling membentur. * Mempunyai tenaga untuk me- lawan enersi penghalang ( Enersi Barier )
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FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHIREAKSI ENZIMATIK
1.Suhu / Temperatur Protein t Denaturasi Sifat fisik/kimia hilang Protein t inaktif
OPTIMUM
SUHU
KEC
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2. Derajat keasaman /pH
Enzim as /bs Denaturasi
Enz- + SH+ Enz-SH
pH
KEC.R
ENZ OPT SH
++ + + +++++ + +- - - - - - - - - - -++ + ++ ++++ +- - - - - - - - - -++ + + ++ +++ +
+ + + ++++++ + + +++++++ + + ++++
+ + + + ++++ + + + +++ + + + +
++ + ++++
- ---
--
--
-
-
- --
- -
--
- --- -
- - - -- - -- - -
- - ---- - - - -
- - - -- - -
- -
++
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3. Kadar Substrat dan Enzim : K1
E + S E + P K2
v1 = K1 [E] [S]
Persamaan Michaelis – Menten :
V [ S ] v = ---------------- km + [ S ]
v = Kec reaksi enzimatik V = Kec maksimum[S] = Kadar substratKm = Konstante Michaelis – Menten
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1/2V
V
Km [ S ]
Apabila [ S ] << Km , maka v = K [ S ]Apabila [ S ] >> Km , maka v = VApabila [ S ] = Km , maka v = ½ V
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S + E ES E + P
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4. Modifier : Senyawa yang mampu mempe- ngaruhi aktifitas reaksi enzimatik 4.1. Modifier Positip * Aktivator. * Ion logam, Mn, Mg, Ca * Substrat.
4.2. Modifier Negatip Disebut juga dengan inhibitor
4.2.1. Competitive inhibitor 4.2.2. Non Competitive inhibitor * Reversible * Irreversible
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Contoh penghambat bersaing :
1. Sulfanilamide : PABA Asam folat Tetra hidrofolat Kerangka 1 atom C 2. Aminopterin dan Ametopterin : Asamfolat Kerangka 1 atom C
3. Dicoumarol : Vitamin K Sintesa Protrombin Koagulasi darah.
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s
ss
s
ss
s
I
II
EE
P
As. Folat
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I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
S
S
EE
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MEKANISME KERJA ENZIM
1. Fischer : Lock and Key
Enzim + Substrat Enz- Sub
![Page 23: Enzim](https://reader033.fdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022061206/548365abb4af9fd03a8b45cd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
2. Daniel – Koshland : Induced – fit
Enzim substrat
![Page 24: Enzim](https://reader033.fdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022061206/548365abb4af9fd03a8b45cd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pengendalian reaksi enzimatik :
E + S E + P
1. Substrat : * Hukum aksi masa * Semi perbeable
2. Produk : * Hukum aksi masa * Hambatan umpan balik
3. Enzim : 3.1. Kadar enzim 3.1.1. Kecepatan degradasi : * Enzim proteolitik * Sulit dipengaruhi
![Page 25: Enzim](https://reader033.fdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022061206/548365abb4af9fd03a8b45cd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
3.1.2. Kecepatan Sintesa : Diatur oleh 3 gena : a. Gene Strukturil b. Gene Operator c. Gene Regulator
3.2. Aktivitas enzim 3.2.1. Mengaktivkan zimogen Contoh : pepsinogen pepsin 3.2.2. Melalui modifier Contoh : ion logam aktivator
3.2.3. Melalui modifikasi kovalen * Fosforilasi * Defosforilasi
![Page 26: Enzim](https://reader033.fdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022061206/548365abb4af9fd03a8b45cd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Fungsional plasma enzim : * Normal ada dalam plasma dalam jumlah yang banyak. * Berfungsi dalam plasma. * Disintesa dalam hati. * Tidak dapat digunakan untuk membantu diagnosa.
Contoh : * Lipoprotein lipase * Pseudokolin esterase * Enzim-enzim pembekuan darah * Enzim penghancur bekuan
![Page 27: Enzim](https://reader033.fdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022061206/548365abb4af9fd03a8b45cd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Non fungsional plasma enzim : * Tidak berfungsi dalam plasma * Normal ditemukan dalam jumlah yang sedikit dalam plasma. * Membantu menegakkan diagnosa
Contoh : * Plasma lipase - Lipoprotein lipase - Lipase pankreas * Plasma amilase - Kel Pankreas dan saliva * Plasma Tripsin - Kel pankreas * Transaminase - GOT dan GPT
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Ko-faktor : * Ion Logam * Senyawa organik non Protein
Apo enzim Ko-enzim Holo enzim
Zn2+ , Mg2+ Mn2+ , Fe2+ , Fe3+
Contoh ion logam :
Contoh Ko-Enzim :NAD, FMN, FAD, TPP, KoQ, KoA
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Isozim : Enzim yang mempunyai sifat fisik sifat kimia dan immunokimia berbeda tetapi mempunyai fungsi yang sama.Contoh : LDH ( Laktat Dehidrogenase )
Enzim Kunci : Enzim Yang menjadi kunci jalannya reaksi enzimatik dan biasanya meng- katalisir reaksi yang irreversibleContoh : Glukosa-6P ase Glukoneogenesis Glukokinase Glikolisis Piruvatkinase Glikolisis HMG KoA reduktase Sintesa Khol
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