Emulsion,Fardas S1 2013

7/28/2019 Emulsion,Fardas S1 2013

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Emulsions

zulfiayu

S1 Farmasi UNG juni 2013


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Emulsions

W + O agitated droplet Agitationstopped

Coalesce &

separe

W+o+emulsifier agitated ??????


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Definisi

Sistem 2 fase yg salah satucairannya terdispersi dalam

cairan yang lain dalam bentuk

tetesan kecil

Mengandung sedikitnya jenis

cairan yang tidak bercampur

satu dengan yang lainnya,

cairan yang terdispersi menjadibutiran halus (tetesan kecil)

dalam cairan lainnya


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Definition

Non Homogenous substance

Mixture 2 immicible (unblendable) liquids

Dispersed as globules Thermoynamically unstable

Acceptable shelf life at room temp.


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LIQUID

Forces Acting on Molecules on the surface and in

the the interior of a liquid

AIR


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Component

Internal (globules)/disperse/discontinous

phase : 74% (monodisperse)

External /discontinous phase

Emulsifying agent


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Aplication and Utility

Aplication

Topical

Oral Intravenous (o/w)

Diffusion barrier depots intramuscular (w/o)

Diagnostic agents in x-ray examination Delivery of vaccines


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Why emulsion popular?

Patient acceptanceoral and topical

Efficacy, i.e. Absorption or bioavailability

their ability to be diluted in vivo in the blood or gastrointestinal tract

without ensuing precipitation of solid drug particles, as well as theenhanced stability furnished by a nonaqueous environment.

Amphotericin B administered as a lipid emulsion, in comparison with a 5%aqueous dextrose solution, gave a lower incidence of fever andnephrotoxicity and was as effective

Griseofulvin suspended in the oil phase of an O/W emulsion was found togive enhanced bioavailability, presumably due to the effect of metabolicproducts of the oil on gastric emptying time


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Diagnostic agents in x-ray examination

Radiopaque substances visualize body organs and structures.

O/w iodized oil, iophendylate, and ethiodized oil (Ethodiol) injected into

the peritoneal cavity of rats were found to give excellent outlines of theperitoneal cavity and in some cases of special structures such as thespleen

Intrathecal injections of iophendylate emulsions into dogs and into thecarpal joint of a horse showed good contrast and demonstrated good

mixing with the respective body fluids.

Intravenous administration in humans of ethiodized fat emulsions with aparticlediameter of 14 mm gave superior results in computerizedtomography of hepatomas


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Type of Emulsion

Ordinary Emulsion

Oil in water (o/w), iv

Water in oil (w/o), im

Water in water (w/w), incompatible polimers

like poysaccharides, synthetic polymers, protein Oil in oil (o/o), incompatible organic solvens stabilized by block

copolimers with residues of differing solubilities in 2 components

Multiple emulsion : drops of dispersed phase contain smaller dropletsthat have the same compositon as the external phase

o/w/o

w/o/w


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Types ofEmulsion


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Teori Terjadinya Emulsi

Emulsi terbentuk dari dua proses yang terjadi secara

bersamaan yaitu : dispersi satu cairan sebagai droplet pada

cairan lainnya dan penggabungan kembali droplet tersebut

untuk membentukbulk

cairan semula

Proses pertama meningkatkan energi bebas dari sistem

sedangkan proses kedua menurunkan energi bebas

permukaan dari sistem


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Initial stage :Separate bulk phase

Intermediate stage :O/W and W/O dispersionpresent in system

Final emulsion is O/W typeWhen rate 2 > Rate 1

Final emulsion is W/O typeWhen rate 1> Rate 2

Effect of rate of coalescence on emulsion type, Rate 1 : O/W coalescence rate;Rate 2 : W/O Coalescence rate (Remingtons)


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Type film yang terbentuk oleh emulgator pada emulsi O/W


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Methode of preparation

1. Wet gum methode (English methode)

Suitable for preparing emulsions with mucilages or dissolved gums as

the e.a.

Viscous mucilage of gum is made with a small amount of the water andthe oil is added in small amounts, with a rapid trituration. As the

emulsion becomes too viscous for rapid stirring, additional quantities of

water are addes. At all times, until all the oil is incorperated, the

preparations must be kept just thin enough to permit preparation. When

all the oil has been added, the mixture is brought to volume with water.


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2. Dry Gum Methode (Continental Method, 4:2:1)Suitable for emulsions prepared from dry gum emulsifiers.

Primari emulsion is formed by using the entire quantity of the oil. The dry

gum, of the amount of oil, is dispersed in the oil. Added water equal to

half the volume of oil is added, all at one time, with rapid trituration,continued at high speed, until a thick primary emulsion is formed.A

snapping sound is heard when a good stable primary emulsion has been

prepared. Finally, the reminder of the aqueous phase is added slowly with

trituration.


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3. Bottle Method

Preparation of emulsions of volatile and other non viscous oils.

Variations of dry gum method.

The oil put into a large bottle or flask, and the powdered dry gum added

and dispersed quickly. It is important thet the water be ready to be addedimmediately after the dispersion of the gum. The primary emulsion is

formed by a vigorous shaking and is then diluted with the external phase.


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4. Beaker Method

Syntetic emulsifier.

The most appropriate method is to divide its water-soluble and its oil-

soluble components, and dissolve the emulsifier in the phase in which it is

more soluble. Melt heated 70C. (5-10

C above highest melting

point).When the two phase have reached the same temp., theinternal phase is added to the external phase with stirring.


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Schematic representation of different types of instability processes in an emulsion:

(1) freshly prepared emulsion, (2) flocculation, (3) coalescence, (4) creaming

(2) , (5) Ostwald ripening,

and 6 hase inversion Kulshreshtha et. al


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Emulsion,Fardas S1 2013

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