DYSPNEA

Dispnea

• Suatu istilah yang menggambarkan suatu persepsi subjektif mengenai ketidaknyamanan bernapas yang terdiri dari berbagai sensasi yang berbeda intensitasnya

Klasifikasi

• Dispnea akut– Sesak napas yang berlangsung kurang dari 1 bulan

• Dispnea kronik– Sesak napas yang berlangsung lebih dari 1 bulan

Etiologi

Diagnosis

Assesment

History and Physical Findings in Relation to Most Common Diagnoses

Historical Features Primary Considerations

Sudden onset dyspnea Pulmonary embolismPneumothoraxAcute myocardial infarctionAcute cardiac tamponadeAcute asthma

Subacute onset dyspnea PleurisyPneumoniaAsthmaAnxietyCongestive heart failure

Chronic dyspnea COPDCHFInterstitial lung diseaseAnxietyAsthmaPulmonary hypertension

Nocturnal onset dyspnea CHFCOPDAsthmaSleep disorder

Important Signs and Symptoms and Primary Diagnostic Considerations

Assosiated sign and symptoms Primary Diagnosis Considerations

Wheezing AsthmaCongestive Heart Failure (CHF)Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Cough PneumoniaAsthmaCHFCOPDInterstitial lung disease

Chest pain Pleuritic Angina Relieved with exertion

Pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, pneumothoraxMyocardial ischemiaAnxiety

Syncope Pulmonary hypertensionPulmonary embolismAortic stenosis

SPECIFIC PHYSICAL FINDINGSGeneral observations Example of Diagnoses

Obesity Deconditioning

Clubbing Interstitial lung diseaseBronchiectasis

Barrel chest COPD

Abnormal breathing CHF

Use of accesory muscles for breathing

AsthmaCOPD

Pallor Anemia

Edema/ascites CHF

Management