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ISAGIR INAGNIR AJNAALOLEGNEP

R EMIR PNAR ULASADAP IIADSPOGNIR EMOK

R ASEBIALAB IIIVAR ETAMUSIAGNUSHAYALIW

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ASILR EAR OD

NAINATR EPK INK ETIDUTSMAR GOR P

NAINATR EPIGOLONK ETNASUR UJ

NAINATR EPSATLUK AF

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R EMIR PNAR ULASADAP IIADSPOGNIR EMOK


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LASOPOR P NAGNAPALK ITK AR P

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SMAR GOR P NAINATR EPK INK ETIDUT

NAINATR EPIGOLONK ETNASUR UJ

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R EMIR PNAR ULASADAP POGNIR EMOK IIADS


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R ATNAGNEPATAK

haletgnay,TWShallAada pek nak ia pmassilune pr uk uysnadi juP

hayadihnadtamhar nak ir e bmem - ne paggnihesay N nak iaseleynemta padsilu

ininagna palk itk ar plaso por p haladainilaso por pir adludu jnu padA.k ia bnagned

P“ Jnaalolegne nagnir a I isagir adaP S nar ula P r emir K ADSPOgnir emo BII iala B r ase

W hayali S iagnu S mus IIIVar eta ”. tashalasiaga besnususidinilaso por P tar aysu

k utnu nagna paLk itk ar Pnak anask alem ,nainatr ePk ink eTidutSmar gor Pada p

.aya jiwir Ssatisr evinU,nainatr ePsatluk aF,nainatr ePigolonk eTnasur uJ

k a paBada pek hisak amir etnak pacugnemsiluneP P.M,r ewoHnesiaH.r I

etgnayk imedak Agni bmi bmePuk ales utna bmemnadnagni bmi bnak ir e bmemhal

.inilaso por pnak iaseleynemmalad T amir e u bi,hayaada pek nak ia pmasidagu jhisak

.aynnaitahr e pnadaodalagessataagr aulek hur ulesatr es

ta padr etali bnugna bmemgnayk itir k nadnar asnak par ahgnemsiluneP

dnagnar uk ek .ininagna palk itk ar panacner laso por pnasilune pmaladnahalasek na

.aumesatik iga btaaf namr e bta padininagna palk itk ar panacner laso por pagomeS

1102r e bmet peS,ayalar dnI

siluneP



ISIR ATFAD

namalaH

…………..………………………………………………….…ISIR ATFAD v

.I NEP NAULUHAD

.A gnak aleBr ataL ..…….. ...................................................... .. .............. . 1

.B nau juT nagna paLk itk ar P ...…….. .................................................... .. 3

.II AK ATSUP NAUAJ NIT

.A ..………………………………………………………isagir ImetsiS 4

.B nir aJ …...………………….…….…………….…..…..…isagir Inag 6

.C ..………………………………………isagir Inagnir aJnaalolegneP 41

.III NAG NAPALK ITK AR P NAA NASK ALEP

.A ...........................................utk aWnadta pmeT ......... ......................... 16

.B ...........naanask alePedoteM ....................................... .......... ............... 61

.VI ..................... NASILU NEPAK ITAMETSIS ............. ............................. 81

AK ATSUPR ATFAD

NAR IPMAL



.I NAULUHADNEP

.A gnak aleBrataL

iga br emir pnahutu bek nak a pur emr iA aynahk aditr iA.tak ar aysam

agu ji patetnak a, pudihnahutu bek ihunememk utnuaisunamhelonak hutu bid

r ianaadaiteK .na pudihek nak gnusgnalemk utnunamanatnadnawehhelonak hutu bid

aawha bnak pak gnuidgnir esaggnihes,na pudihek adanak ak aditnak ba beynem r i

r iaayadr e bmusisidnok ,)9991(natiwaPtur unemnuma N.na pudihek r e bmushalada

,sitir k tak gnitia pmasada psawtak gnitia pacnemhalethar eadr ase bnaiga besada p

.tak gninemsur etnialgnadi bnadnainatr e pgnadi bidr ianahutu bek nak gnades

nif edidisagir I naulr e pek k utnuhanatada pr ianaanuggne piaga besnak isi

nesnaH(namanatnahu bmutr e piga bnak hutu bidgnaynar iacnaaideyne p ,.l at e .)4991

li batsnad puk ucgnayr iaaideyne piaga besisgnuf r e bida pnamanatada pisagir I

anatsauL.ida pisk udor pnima jnemk utnu nar iagne phar eadmaladidhawasuatah

naiga bme par aC.aynr ianaiga bme pnak hadumemaggnihesa pur naik imedesiga bid

gnayr iA.nainatr e pk utnur ianahutu bek nadnar iagne pnau jutada pgnutnagr etr ia

dr etgnaynagnir a jmetsisiulalemhawasek nak r ulasid nar ulassatair i - r ianar ulas

.)7002,milaS(iladnegne pnanugna bnagned

gnudneB ,iagnusgnatnilemar acesnugna bidgnayr iananugna bnak a pur em

ia pmastak gninemaynr atik esidiagnusr ianaak umr e pr agaa pur naik imedesk utne bid

r iaaggnihes,utnetr etnaiggnitek ek padasutni piulalemnak r ilaidta padiagnus

nar ulas - nahalek aggnihiga bme pnar ulas - .)1991,ar teo pasatr aK (nainatr e pnahal



gnaynanugna bnadnar ulasnautasek utasnak a pur emisagir inagnir aJ

naaideyne pir adialum,isagir ir ianar utagne pk utnunak ulr e pid ,nali bmagne p,

,naiga bme p,nair e bme p ne p g isagir inagnir aJ.isagir ir ianagnau bme pnadnaanug

nadamatunagnir a jida jnemiga bid iga bme pnanugna bir adutiay,r ednuk esnagnir a j

utausir adr ianak ta padnemgnayhayaliwnautasek utauS.hawask ate pia pmas

nir a j tk er iD(isagir Ihar eadnagnedtu besidisagir inag .)6891,nar iagnePlar edneJtar o

tur uneM isgnuf ,)0991(od jr atuso psuP k utnuhaladaisagir inagnir a j

puk uc,aidesr etk utne bmaladnamanathar eadek ta pmetutausir adr ianak hadnimem

etnad,utk awta pet,halmu j nak gnologidisagir inagnir aJ.aynnaisu bir tsidne pta p

imesisagir inagnir a j,anahr edesisagir inagnir a j:itu pilemgnaynagnologagitida jnem

sagir inagnir a jnad,sink et .sink eti

namanatna pudihek gnuk udnemk ia bgnila pgnayhanatmaladr ianaadaeK

halada .gna palsatisa pak taasada p neisif enadta petar acesisagir ir ianair e bmeP

r aganak par ahidaggnihes,nar ulas paitesk utnuti bedr uk unanugna bnak ulr emem

r ianahutu bek nagnediausesnadnagnar uk ek uatanahi belr e bk aditr ianair e bme p

pmaladadagnaynamanat .)6891,nainatr ePlar dneJtar otk er iD(hawasnak ate

k utnunak aidesidgnayr iahalmu jnak a pur emnamanatr ianahutu beK

idr ianahutu beK .isar i psnar tnadisar o paveta bik agnalihgnayr iaigna bmignem

ek k utnunak aidesidsur ahgnayr iahalmu jnak a pur emnagna pal nahalogne pnaulr e p

tar aysnak a pur emnamanatr ianahutu beK .namanatr ianahutu bek ha bmatidnahal

.)4891,tiur Pnadso bner ooD(isk udor pnadnahu bmutr e piga bk altum

naisu bir tsidne pa jr enik nak tak gninemnau jutr e br iaayadr e bmusnaalolegneP

naisak olagne pnad isagir inar ulasnanugna bmeP.neisif enadf itk ef ear acesr ia



tagnasgnaylanoisannagna pnaha bnak aideynemk utnugna jnune pnak a pur em

nahalnu pualawihune pr etnak anahalidr ianaaidesr etek aggnihes,nak ulr e pid

naak umr e pr iar e bmusir adhua jadar e btu besr et nagnu buhr e btu besr etlaH.)iagnus(

ta pet,utumta petisidnok nagnedr ianak ir e bmemgnayisagir ik ink etahasunagned

.)7891,idawr a jduS(simonok enadf itk ef egnayar acnagnedutk awta petnad,gnaur

ianar utagne pir aditu pilemisagir ir ianaalolegne paner aK nagnau bme pnadr

k utnuk ir atr etsilune pak amnamanatnak hutu bidgnayhawask ate pia pmasr ia

isagir inagnir a jnaalolegne pnak ba beynemgnayr otk af saha bmemnadir a jale pmem

.lamisk amgnaytak gnitia pacnemk adit

.B nau juT

tr e bininagna palk itk ar pnaanask aleP iuhategnemk utnunau ju naalolegne p

IIADSPOgnir emok r emir pnar ulasada pisagir inagnir a j b iala b r ase w hayali s iagnu

s IIIVar etamu .



.II AK ATSUPNAUAJNIT

.A isagirImetsiS

ihunememk utnur ianar utagne pnadnaaideyne pnataigek nak a pur emisagir I

pek r ianaak umr e pir adlasar e bgnayr ianak taaf namemnagnednainatr e pnagnitne

.hanat k utnuahasuutausiaga besnak itr aidta padagu jnar iagne puataisagir IhalitsI

r utar etnad bitr etnagnednak uk alidgnaynainatr e pnaulr e pek anugr ianak ir e bmem

e phar eadk utnu nak anugr e pidutir ianaidumek nadnak hutu bmemgnaynainatr

r utar etnad bitr etar aces .nar ulasek gnau bidatr es nak itr aidayntu jnalesnar iagneP

r e bmusnadr ianar utagne patr esnataaf name piaga bes - itu pilemgnayr iar e bmus

,awar har eadnagna bmegne p,isagir i r i jna bnailadnegne p iagnusnak ia br e pahasu,

,k udawnad atr es ir tsudnir ianadnaatok r e pr ia,munimr ianaaideyne pnar utagne p

.)1991,r el bmA(

i patet,r ianaaideyne pk utnuaynahk aditnainatr e piga bnar iagne pnar utagneP

iaaynha pmilr e bignar ugnemk utnuagu j har eadidna juhr - r ianahi belek gnayhar ead

,uti ba beshelO.hanatnak asur ek nadr iana paule phagecnemdusk amnagned

:tuk ir e biaga bessink eta par e be buak gna jnemnak aisagir inar utagne p

.inatahasunaulr e pek iga br ianaaideyne pnadr iar e bmusnagna bmegneP

.inatahasunahaluatahar eadek r e bmusir adisagir ir ianar ulayneP

.inatahasunahaluatahar eadidr ianair e bme pnadnaiga bmeP



anughanatihasa bmemutiayamatunau jutiaynu pmemtu besr etnar utagneP

ar ak ar e phar eadr atik esid ba bmelnaadaek nak at picnem hu bmutnamanatr agan

.)4991,o jetuSnadar teo pasatr aK (k ia bnagned

r otk aF - isagir ir ianair e bme padotemnahilime pnak utnenemgnayr otk af

,nahalnaak umr e pk utne bnadgner elnagnir imek ,na juhnamisumisu bir tsidhalada

li baemr e pnadnamanatisator ,r iaial pus adoteM.hawa bnasi palhanatsati

:maladek iga bidta padisagir ir ianaisu bir tsidne p

)1 .naak umr ePisagir I

)2 .hawaBnasi paLisagir I

)3 .r elk nir pS

)4 mik aH(elk cir Tuata pir D l at e .)6891,.

a pmetutausir adr ianak hadnimemk utnunau jutr e bisagir imetsiS har eadek t

gnayutk awada pnad,aynhalmu j puk uc,aidesr etk utne bmaladnamanatnar ak ar e p

.ta pet

:ida jnemnak ade bidsink etisagir inar ulasaynisgnuf nadk atelnak r asadr eB

.a nagnednagnu buhr e bgnusgnalgnaynar ulasutiay)k udnInar ulaS(r emir Pnar ulaS

ar ulas hi belnar ulasek k udawir adr ianak r ulaynemk utnuisgnuf r e b,nagnudne bn

.licek

. b r ednuk eSnar ulaS k udninar ulasiga bmemgnayr emir pnar ulasir adgna bacutiay

.)r eisr et(licek hi belgnaynar ulasmaladek

.c ayr ednuk esnar ulasir adgna bacutiayr eisr eTnar ulaS nagnu buhr e bgnusgnalgn

nar ulasek r ianak r ulaynemk utnunahalnagned - .r etr awk nar ulas



.d gnusgnalnagnu buhr e bnadr eisr etnar ulasir adgna bacutiayr etr awk nar ulaS

.)3991,itayi ja N(nainatr e pnahalnagned

.B isagirInagniraJ

,nar ulashaladaisagir inagnir aJ gnayayn pak gnele pnanugna bnad,nanugna b

ir adialumisagir ir ianar utagne pk utnunak ulr e pidnadnautasek utasnak a pur em

.aynnagnau bme pnad,naanuggne p,nair e bme p,naiga bme p,nali bmagne p,naaideyne p

maladadar e bgnayisagir inagnir a jhaladaamatunagnir aJ ialum,isagir imetsisutas

nanugna bnad,r ednuk esnar ulas,r emir puatak udninar ulas,amatunanugna bir ad

ayn pak gnele pnanugna batr es padas )1991,r el bmA( .

nar utagne pnadnaaideyne p,nali bmagne pk utnuanar ashaladaisagir inagnir aJ

k ate pr iar e bmusir adr ia gnau bmemnadisagir ir ianak ulr ememgnayhawas

atam,uanad,iagnusir adli bmaidtu besr etisagir ir iaaynmumuadaP.aynnahi belek

a pmo p,gnudne bnanugna biulalemta padr ianali bmagne par aC.hanatr iauatar ia

Snadar teo pasatr aK tur uneM.tur usgnasa pnad ir idr etisagir inagnir a j,)4991(o jdetu

:ir ad

.1 r eisr etisagir inagnir aJ

lek r iaialum,r eisr etk ate pidnar iagne pr ianagnir a jnak a pur eM ir adr au

gnayr eisr etr uk unanugna b atr ese br etr auk nar ulasnadr eisr etnar ulasir adir idr et

.ayn pak gnele pnanugna b

.2 r aJ esaniar dnar ulasuatanagnau bme pnagni

)1991(nar adnasaP,aynnanugna bsatilauk nak r asadr e bnak gnadeS

:utiay,nagnologagitida jnemaynmumuisagir inagnir a jnak isak if isalk gnem



.a gnayisagir inagnir a jhalada,sink etnonuataanahr edesisagir inagnir aJ

nanugna b - nadnaiga bmeP.hanatir adtau br etnadanahr edeshisamaynanugna b

iaga beS.naasai bek nadnar isk atar acnagnednak uk alidnagnir a jidr ianair e bme p

.odnemeShar eadidadar e bgnayisagir ihaladahotnoc

. b imesisagir inagnir aJ - isagir inaganir a jhalada,sink et nanugna bgnay -

. pak gnelk aditaynnar uk unanugna b,nenamr e paynhur ulesk aditaynnanugna b

.ta petnagnednak uk alidta padmule br ianair e bme pnadnaiga bmeP

.c aynnanugna bhur ulesgnayisagir inagnir a jhalada,sink etisagir inagnir aJ

nagnedi pak gnelidgnaynenamr e p utni p - talanadr iautni p - atr es,ti bedr uk utala

nagnednak uk alidta padr ianair e bme pnadnaiga bmeP.k ia bnagnedalolek id

.)0991,IIisagir Itar otk er iD( patet

.1 isagirInanugnaB

nar utagne pnadnali bmagne pgna jnunemk utnunak ulr e pidisagir inanugnaB

gir ir ia ,isagir ik etk ar pmaladta padr etgnayisagir inanugna bsine ja par e beB.isa

)4, padasnadiga bnanugna b)3,awa bme pnanugna b)2,amatunanugna b)1;utiay

,sar ugne pnadgnau bme pnanugna b)5,r iaak umr uk ugne pnadr utagne pnanugna b

pak gnele pnanugna b)6atr es 6891,nar iagnePlar dneJtar otk er iD( ).

.2 riAnaaidesreteK I isagir

nadak gnalnik ameslaisneto pnainatr e pnahalr iaayadr e bmusnaaidesr eteK

k utnur ianahutu bek nak gnades,sata br etgnayr iaayadr e bmusisidnoK .sata br et

,tak gninemsur etnagnitne pek iaga br e b r ia padahr etnaatnimr e pnak ba beynem



k utnuaya punak a pur emnar iagne phar eadnaalolegneP.f itite pmok nik ames

,)9991(namhcaR tur unemnuma N.atar emnadlidaar acesr ianak isu bir tsidnem

r asadnemnahalasamr e pa par e be bada pnak padahidgnir esaynemsinak emmalad ,

:utiay

.1 .iladnek r eta pnatha bmatr e br ianagnologhar eadhalmuJ

.2 r iaisu bir tsidmaladnak gnutihr e pidk aditnar ulasir adf italer hawasnak ate pk ateL

.r ilihnaiga bidadar e bgnayigolonk etnar u jnanad

.3 sa pnattu jnalr e ba pmo pnagnedr ailar acesr iana padayneP .isk na

.4 .isgnuf r e bk aditgnayk ayna br iautniP

.5 .r ilihnaduluhnaiga bar atnamagar e btagnasida psativitk udor P

.3 isagirIriAnaigabmePnadisagirIriAnahutubeK

nak ulr e pidgnaygnitne p pahatutashalasnak a pur emisagir ir ianahutu beK

e pnadnaanacner e pmalad .isagir imetsisnaalolegn nak a pur emisagir ir ianahutu beK

gnayf itk ef ena juhhar ucha bmanemk utnunak ulr e pidgnaynar iagne pr iaaynk ayna b

k utnuuar amek misumada pamatur etsata br ethanatnaak umr e pidaynaaidesr etek

ek r e puatanahu bmutr e pnaulr e pek ihunemem .namanatnagna bm

nak hutu bidgnayr iahalmu jiaga besnak isinif edidnamanatr ianahutu beK

.lamr onar acesisk udor pnadhu bmutta padk utnuedoir e putausada pnamanathelo

,)TE(isar i psnar to paveitu pilemnainatr e pahasulaer ak utnuataynr ianahutu beK

halmu jes na paiyne pitr e pessusuhk ar acesnaisar e pogne pk utnunak hutu bidgnayr ia

nahutu bek aggniheSnaiak ame pamalesnagnalihek atr es,r ianaitnaggne pnadnahal

ta padr ia 7891idawr a jduS(tuk ir e biaga besnak sumur id :)



K K +AK +TE=IAK )1(.………………………………………

etek :nagnar

IAK k : isagir Ir iAnahutu be

TE e: isar i psnar to pav

AK k : r ianagnalihe

K K k : susuhK nahutu be

nau jutnagnedhasa bar acesnak a jr ek idhawaS hadumr e pmemk utnu

nahune jne pitu pilemhanatnahalogne pk utnur ianahutu beK .hanatnahalogne p

hanatnasi pal ,ideanu jD(isar o pavenad,isalok r e p,hanatnaak umr e pnagnaneggne p,

ida pnamanatr ianahutu bek ,)2891(r ooGeDnad)1891(attaDeDtur uneM.)8791

,hawasignaneggnemk utnur ia)1:utiay,neno pmok ta pmemaladiga bidta padhawas

hanatihune jnemk utnur ia)2 k utnur ia)4nad,isar i psnar to pavek utnur ia)3,

.isalok r e p

utiay,amatur e bmusaudta padr etisagir ir ianahutu bek ihunememk utnU

nialr e bmusta padr etutinialeS.)EH(f itk ef ena juhnad)IAP(isagir ir ianair e bme p

asagnelek haladanak taaf namidta padgnay atr esnar ak ar e phar eadidadagnayn

iaga besgnadna pidta padisagir ir ianair e bmeP.naak umr e phawa br iaisu bir tnok

agu jr ianahutu beK .hanatr ianagna bmusnadf itk ef ena juhignar uk idr ianahutu bek

nat paitesaner ak ,hanatk itsir etk ar ak nagnednak iausesid nadtaf isik ilimemha

or iwar pidahoto N(ade br e br ianahanemmaladnau pmamek l at e .)3891,.

IAK =IAP - EH – )2(…………………………………………TAK



:nagnar etek

IAP p: isagir ir ianair e bme

IAK k : r ianahutu be

EH h: f itk ef ena ju

TAK k : hanatr iaisu bir tno

asida pnamanaT hanatidta padr etgnaynamanatsine jnak a pur emhaw

isagir ir iair adnu puatana juhr iair adhelor e pidaynr ianahutu bek nagnednahawasr e p

k ate pek nak r ilaidgnay - .)1991,ar teo pasatr aK (hawask ate p

r ianaiga bmeP nak a pur em agir ir ianar ulayne pnataigek utaus nar ulasir adis

r eisr etnar ulasek r ednuk es k ate pek nak r ilaidnaidumek - hawask ate p . metsiS

.nar iligmetsisnadnagnologgne pmetsisida jnemiga bidta padr ianaiga bme p

.namanatnahu bmutr e p pahatmanatalo pada pnak uk alidr ianaiga bmeP

e par acnak r asadr eB gnayar acaudadata padr etisagir inagnir a jidr ianar ulayn

:itu pilem

.1 nar ulasidr iaali ba panak uk alidutiay,sur enemsur etar acesr ianaiga bmeP

,i puk ucnemgnudne bidr iaak iJ.)lamr onr iaiggnites(nahutu bek i puk ucnem

masak u bidnali bmagne pr iautni pak am naiggnitek ia pacnemnar ulasidr iaia p

.lamr onsata bada p

.2 i puk ucnemk aditnak r ulasidgnayr iaali ba pautiay,r iligr e bar acesr ianaiga bmeP

.lamr onisidnok ir adgnidna bidlicek hi belnahutu bek



hawaSk atePidr iAnahutu beK

ask ate pidr ianar iagne psink eT macamr e bhaw – :haladanialar atnamacam

haletgnayr iar e bmusir adlasar e bhawasir iagnemk utnunak anugidgnayr iA)1(

nagned)nainatr ePsaniDnadnar iagnePsaniD(gnanewr e bgnayhelonak utnetid

.sar edk aditgnayr ianar ila

ask ate pek k usamgnayr iA)2( nadignanegnemasi br aganak nahatr e pidsur ahhaw

sur ah81hawask ate padaP.hasa bnadir iar ethanatnaak umr e paggnihes,atar em

aynk atelgnayr ianagnau bme pgna bulnadnak usame pgna bulta padr et

ar emta padnamanathelonak ulr e pidgnayr iar aganagnar e besr e b hur ulesidat

.nahal

.hawask ate pada pnak padneidgnaynar otok nadr u pmulawa bmemr ilagnemr iA)3(

tagnasr u pmulnadk u pu piaga besnak anugidta pad padnegnemgnaynar otoK

.hawasida pnamanatk utnuk ia b

ta padnak nigniidgnaynaiggnitek ada pr ianagnaneG)4( nahu bmutr e putna bmem

.hawask ate pada patar emgnayida pnamanat

)5( nadnak usame puatagna bulaudek iulalemhawask ate pmaladidr ianar ilA

ta padaggnihesr iamaladidar adunar ak utr e pgna jnunemasi bsur ahnagnau bme p

r ak anasaf anr e pk utnunak anugid - atr ak a .naman

sine jheloihur agne pidnialesr ianahutu bek ,)1891(hameoseoK tur uneM

k ococr e bar ac)3,hanattaf isnadsine j)2,milk i)1:heloihur agne pidagu j,namanat

.r ianair e bme par ac)4nad,manat

adalnadhawasir iagnemk utnunak anugidgnayisagir ir iA laer aada pgn

nar ulasiulalemnak r ilaidnainatr e p - nar ulas,k udninar ulasaynar atnaid,isagir inar ulas



.r eisr etnar ulasnad,r ednuk esnar ulas,r emir p ir adnesr e pa par e be baynk etk ar padaP

nar ulasiulalemnak r ilaidgnayr ia - ner ak gnalihnak atu besr etnar ulas a:

)1( ida jnem)r iac(r ianaha bur e psesor phaladaisar o pave,)0991(idr awaMtur uneM

igr eneir adlasar e bisar o pavek utnuigr ener e bmuS.igr enetu pnianer ak r ia pau

awha bnak ataynem)4991(o jdetuSnadar teo pasatr aK .nignanadir ahatam

na pnik amnadr a belnik am r ianagnalihek ak amnar iagne pnar ulasgna j

nak ataynem)2991(yr iamuD.r ase bnik amesnak aisar o paveaner ak nar iagne p

nagnedsur ulgnidna br e bir ahatamr anisnadar aduuhus,r iauhusialinawha b

.isar o paveialin

)2( almaladek r ianase bmer e pnak a pur emisalok r eP ,maladnaiga bhanatnasi p

taf isheloihur agne pidtagnasgnay,latnozir ohnadlak itr evar acesgnusgnalr e b -

r utsk etr e bhanatitr e peshanatr utsk eT.hanatr iaak umnamaladek nadhanattaf is

ialin padahr etgnusgnalhur agne pr e br isa pr e bgnu pmel,gnu pmel,tail isalok r e p

.)4991,o jdetuSnadar teo pasatr aK (

)3( R (nase bme se s sol e g a pee s ) taashanatmaladek r iana paser e psesor putiay

nar ulasiulalemr ianar ulayne p - gnayamatu ba beyneP.nar iagne pnar ulas

nar ulasada pnar oco bek haladaida jr etaynasai b - rianar iagne pnar ulas .tu besr et

.hawasluggnatiulalemr iaayn paser emhelonak ba besidhaladanial ba beyneP

aynmumuada pnar iagne pnar ulasada pr ianar oco bek nadr ianase bmer eP

nar ulasada pida jr etamatur et)latnozir oh(gni pmasek gnusgnalr e b - nar ulas

da pnugna bidgnaynar iagne p hanata - ada pgnades,k o bmetisi palida pnathanat

nase bmer e paynida jr etnagnednagnu buhesr ianagnalihek isi palidgnaynar ulas

maladnak anugidmumutagnasgnayedoteM.ida jr etk aditnar oco bnad



edotemhaladanase bmer nar uk ugne p wol f ni - wol f t uo ir adir idr et nar uk ugne p

gnaynar ulasgna pmane putausir adr aulek gnaynar ilanadk usamgnaynar ila

halmu jlisahar atnanaade br e pnagnedtak gnineminiar acnaitileteK .aynhili pid

nesnaH(r aulek nar ilanadk usamnar ila l at e .)2991,.

isneisif e(nar ulayne pnaanugta peteK nagnednak k u jnutidnar iagne pr ia)

idia pmask utnunak utnetidhaletgnaynar iagne pr iaesatnesr e pak gnaaynihune pr et

k usamr ethadusinilaH.nar iagne pnar ulasek nak r ilaidgnayr iair adnainatr e plaer a

nagnalihek nak gnutihr e pmemnagned - pamalesnagnalihek itr e pes(nar ulayne

utnene pr otk af nak a pur emisagir iisneisif E.)isalok r e pnadnase bmer ,isar o pave

r ianar ulayne pisneisif esumuR .isagir inagnir a jmetsisutausa jr ek k u jnuir adamatu

:tuk ir e biaga besnak ataynid

)1(..…………………………………

etek :nagnar

)%(isagir iisneisif e:cE

)³m(nahawasr e plaer aidta padr etgnayr iahalmu j:f W

)³m(r iovr eser ir adlasar e bgnayaidesr etgnayr iahalmu j:r W

isaulavegnemk utnulawagnila pgnayisagir ir ianair e bme pisneisif e pesnoK

sif ehaladar ianagnalihek ir adk usamgnayr iahalmuJ.r iaawa bme pnar ulasisnei

ida jr etnar ulayne ptaasnadr ase btagnasaynasai biagnusuatanali bmagne putni p

nesnaH(nar ulasada pr ianagnalihek l at e gnisamr ianagnaliheK .)2991,. - gnisam

e psaul,nar ulasgna jna pheloihur agne pid nadnar ulashasa bgnililek ,nar ulasnaak umr

.)6891,nar iagnePlar edneJtar otk er iD(hanatr ianak ududek



r ilagnemgnayr iaaynk ayna bnak ataynemgnayneisif eok utaushaladati beD

nautasmaladr uk uidaynasai b,utk awnautasr e pr e bmusutausir ad r e pk i buk r etem

m(k ited3

uata)ted/ nainatr e pnahalek k usamgnayisagir ir iA.)ted/L(k itedr e pr etil

r iati beduataisagir inar ulassatisa pak gnutihgnemar acnagnediuhatek idta pad

ta padisagir inagnir a jutausmaladr ianaiga bme pr agadusk amnagned,isagir i

k anask alid .i puk ucnemta padnak hutu bidgnayr iaaggnihesatar emnadlidaar acesna

ta padnar iagne pr ianahutu bek halasamak am,tu besr etnar uk ugne pnautna bnagneD

nar iagne pr iaiak ame pinate ptak ar aysamidnahalasamr e pnak lu bminema pnatisataid

detuSnadar teo pasatr aK ( .)4991,o j

.C isagirInagniraJnaalolegneP

haladaisagir inaalolegneP nadnaar ahileme p,isar e poitu pilemgnaynataigek

.isagir ihar eadidisagir inagnir a jisatili baher nau jutr e br iaayadr e bmusnaalolegneP

k olagne pnadnaisu bir tsidne pa jr enik nak tak gninem nadf itk ef ear acesr ianaisa

nak aideynemk utnugna jnune pnak a pur emisagir inar ulasnanugna bmeP.neisif e

nahalidr ianaaidesr etek aggnihes,nak ulr e pidtagnasgnaylanoisannagna pnaha b

r e pr iar e bmusir adhua jadar e btu besr etnahalnu pualawihune pr etnak a naak um

nak ir e bmemgnayisagir ik ink etahasunagnednagnu buhr e btu besr etlaH.)iagnus(

f itk ef egnayar acnagnedutk awta petnad,gnaur ta pet,utumta petisidnok nagnedr ia

.)7891,idawr a jduS(simonok enad

tur uneM 02.o Nhatnir emePnar utar ePmumunautnetek gnatnet6002nuhaT

nagnir a jada pisagir ir ianar utagne paya puhaladaisagir inagnir a jisar e po,isagir I

,nair e bme p,naiga bme p,naaideyne pitu pilemgnayisagir i ,nagnau bme p,naanuggne p



a butni p putunemak u bmemnataigek k usamr etisagir ir iaisavr esnok nad n ug nan

anacner nusuynem,nagnologmetsisnusuynem,manatatatanacner nusuynem,isagir i

alu pmugne p,isar bilak ,r ianaiga bme p .isaulavenadnauatname p,atadn

naalolegneP ir adr iana padayne psesor pnautasek haladaisagir inagnir a j

k ate pek r iar e bmus - ask ate p :aggnihesnahi belr e bgnayr ianagnau bme patr eshaw

.a neisif enadf itk ef ear acesnak taaf namidnadnak anugidaidesr etgnayr iA

. b idesr etgnayr iA atar emnadlidaar acesiga bida

.c k ate pek nak ir e bidr iA - k ate p nagnediausesta petar aceshawas nahutu bek

nahu bmutr e p namanat wta pet,aynar acta pet aynhalmu jta petnadaynutk a

.d ta bik A - .nak r adnihidta padr iahelonak lu bmitidnik gnumgnayevitagenta bik a

naalolegne pnataigek maladlu bmitgnaynahalasamr e pa par e be bta padr eT

a pnatha bmatr e br iahalmu jutiay,isagir inagnir a j ir adhawask ate pk atel,iladnek r et

aidesr etgnayr ianahutu bek ,r ianaisu bir tsidne pmaladnak gnutihr e pidk aditnar ulas

,r ianagnalihek ta bik anar ulasidr ianaiga bme pnagnediausesk aditgnudne bid

aditgnayk ayna br iautni p,r ailar acesr iana padayne p sativitk udor p,isgnuf r e bk

nak asur ek atr es,r ilihek uluhir admagar e bgnaynamanat - lu bmitgnaynak asur ek

.isagir inar ulasada p

ne pmaladnak itahr e pidsur ahgnaylaha par e be bnu padA naaloleg nagnir a j

utiayisagir i )1: nataigek dnalu pmugne p ditu pilem,ata :ata d atnaigolor dihata nialar

aidesr etr iati bedatad . )2 ialumidisagir ir ianar utagne pnadisagir ir ianaaideyneP

utu bek ihunememk utnuaidesr etgnayr iair ad air adlasar e bgnaynamanatnah r i

nadna juh natr ia,r iaatam,k udaw,iagnus(r iar e bmusir ad ha ) a pmo pidgnay .



.III NAGNAPALK ITK AR PNAANASK ALEP

.A utk aWnadtapmeT

k itk ar P L id,1102r e botk OnaluBada pnak anask alidnak aininagna pa

natamaceK IIADSPOaya jr ePgnudneB ulUgnir emoK nagOneta pu baK ,ar u patr aM

.nataleSar etamuS,r umiT

.B nak anask alePedoteM

nagna palk itk ar pnaanask ale pmaladnak anugidnak agnayedoteM id

aya jr ePgnudneB nadak atsu piduts,ar acnawawedotemhaladaini isavr es bo

ek gnusgnal nagna pal edotemnak r asadr eB. - nak uk alidnak atu besr etedotem

.atadsisilananadatadnahalogne p

.1 edoteM (ar acnawaW weivr et n I )

nadnaahasur e pk ahi pnagnedar acnawawiulalemnak uk alidiniedoteM

k ahi patr es,halasamnagnednagnu buhr e bgnayiawage p - paggnaidgnaynialk ahi p

.nak hutu bidgnayatadgnatnetk ayna biuhategnem

.2 (natamagnePedoteM i savr e sbO )

iniedoteM nak adagnemnagnednak uk alid nagna palidgnusgnalnatamagne p

isak olek gnusgnalnagnu jnuk k utne bmalad sisilanagnemnadaya jr ePnagnudneB

nagnuk gnilnu puamaya jr ePnagnudneBir adta padidgnay,natamagne plisah

.a jr ek sesor pmaladtuk iatr esaynr atik es



.3 teM ak atsuPidutSedo

atadgna jnunemnadha bmanemk utnunak uk alidiniak atsu pidutsedoteM -

(ar acnawawedotemir adhelor e pidgnayatad weivr et ni ) natamagne pedotemnad

( i savr e sbo ).

.4 gnusgnaLa jr eK k itk ar P

mi bidnadaya jr ePnagnudneBidnak uk alida jr ek k itk ar P uataf atshelogni b

gnisamayngnadi binagnanemgnaynawayr ak - adagnaytak ar aysamnu puamgnisam

har eadidadagnaynaadaek imahamemhi belta padsilune pr agatu besr ethar eadid

atadaggnihesaya jr ePnagnudneB - k itk ar pnar o palk utnunak ulr e pidgnayatad

gna pal .tar uk ahi belta padinina



.VI NASILUNEPAK ITAMETSIS

une pak itametsisnu padA ludu jr e bgnaynagna paLk itk ar Pnar o paLnasil

” ialaBIIADSPOgniremoK remirPnarulaSadaPisagirInagniraJnaalolegneP

IIIVaretamuSiagnuShayaliWraseB ” shalada :tuk ir e biaga be

.I NAULUHADNEP

gnak aleBr ataL.A

nau juT.B nagna paLk itk ar P

.II AK ATSUPNAUAJNIT

.A isagir ImetsiS

.B isagir Inagnir aJ

.C isagir Inagnir aJnaalolegneP

.III NAGNAPALK ITK AR PNAANASK ALEP

.A utk aWnadta pmeT

.B nagna paLk itk ar PedoteM

.C ataD - idgnayatad itama

.VI NAAHASUR EPMUMUNAUAJNIT

.A naahasur ePtak gniShar a jeS

.B har eaDisak oL

.C

if ar go poTnadmilk InaadaeK



.V NAHALASAMR EP NASAHABMEPNAD

nahalasamr eP.A

nasaha bmeP.B

.IV NAR ASNADNALUPMISEK

.A nalu pmiseK

.B nar aS

AK ATSUPR ATFAD

NAR IPMAL



AK ATSUPR ATFAD

.1991.S.J,r el bmA ,SE3PL.aisenodnIidisagir I .atr ak aJ

dnayeliWnohJ.noitcudor PeciR f osecitcar Pdnasel picnir P.1891.K .S,attaDeD

.k r oYwe N,.cnIsnoS

IdnaLwoLf ogni p por Cel buoDr oFtnemer iuqeR noitagir r I.2891.naVr ooGeD n

.sdnalr ehte NehTnegninegaW,.IR LI.ayalaM

naa jr ek ePnemetr a peD.inaTahasUtak gniTadaPr iAanuGataT.8791.S,ideanu jD

.atr ak aygoY,mumU

.r iAiak amePinatePnalu pmuk r ePk e psA.0991.IIisagir Itar otk er iD halak ammalaDo pmolek r iaanugtatnar atane p .UPDnar iagne pne jr iD.XInatak hgnaCk

.natalesar tamuS

.nar iagnePlar edneJtar otk er iD .6891 10.PK (isagir Inaanacner ePr adnatS - .)50

k ePnemetr a peD ,adasr ePgnalaG.VC,mumUnaa jr e .gnudnaB

lar dneJtar otk er iD .nainatr eP r adnatS.6891 isagir Inaanacner eP nemetr a peD.

.gnudnaB,adasr ePgnalaG.VC,mumUnaa jr ek eP

r etaW por Cgnitcider Pr oFsenilediuG.4891.,tiur P.O.Wdna,.J,so bner ooD

.emoR .OAF.tnemer iuqeR

.yr iamuD .r iAayaDr e bmuSak imonok E.2991 .atr ak aygoY.EFPB

A.M,ohor gu N.G.S,a pk ay N., N,mik aH D. .yellaB.H.Hnad,gnoH.B.G,ahi 6891 .

r asaD - .ALI NU.hanaTumlIr asad .gnu pmaL

W.O,.E.V,nesnaH .mahgnir tS.E.Gnad,neslear sI. Pnoitagir r I.2991 sel picnir dna

.k r oYwe N,snoSdnayeliWnohJ.secitcar P

udnaB,gnudnaBr umuSisagir I.1891.G,hameoseoK .gn

1991.G.A,ar teo pasatr aK k eT“. .“isagir Inainatr ePnar iagnePigolon imuB .ar ask A

atr ak aJ .

.isagir Inainatr ePnar iagnePigolonk eT.4991.o jdetuS.Mnad,.G.A,ar teo pasatr aK

.ar ask AimuB

tr ePigolonk eTsatluk aF.nainatr ePigolor diH.0991.M,idr awaM ,MGUnaina

.atr ak aygoY



utePk a pmaDmalaDr iAnar ulaynePmetsiS.3991.S,itayi ja N ir iagneMk u jn

Sr a beneP.namanaT .atr ak aJ.ayadaw

omr adok eoS.S,.T,or iwar pidahoto N W.S,o jd nadanak uS.E,otor bunsi .da jdar D.MInaanask aleP.3891 Siaga beSisagir utaShala Lisar oilemor diHr usnU .naha

Dhalak aM MGUlenaPisuk si - PFidUPD - 61laggnatatr ak aygoYMGU - 81

1:)1(4,)enilno(.3891ter aM - (.2 di.ca.mgu.atr e paf .www//: ptth , 02sesk aid

.)0102iluJ

.S,o jdr atuso psuP 0991 aDzazA. ir etaMisagir Inagnir aJasayak eR nagnacnaR r as

.aisenodnIidisagir imetsiSasayak eR zazAnamahamePtak gniSsusr uK

satisr evinUnainatr ePk ink eTsatluk aF aMha jdaG .atr ak aygoY.ad

halak aM.12da bAik usameMlanoisa Nr iAsisir K isa pisitnagneM.9991.H,natiwaP

idaisunaMisazAk aHnadhisr eBr iAnahutu beK r animeSadaPamatU

.9991ir aur beF52laggnat,r ogoB

nak tak gnineMmaladr iAataTnagnir aJnaaga bmeleK sisilanA.9991.B,namhcaR

hayaliWidisagir Ir iAnar ulaynePisak olAisamit pOnadisneisif E

PInagna bmegneP SPP.tar aBawaJ,003idaP - 09.mlH.r ogoB,BPI - .59

.7002.M,milaS nanar eP PgnudneBisagir Inar ulaS nagnayase i puk ucneMk utnu

Sk atePidaPnamanaTnahutu beK hawa natamaceK id

Tneta pu baK ,gnalaT lage ir ege Nsatisr evinU,laisoSumlIsatluk aF.is pir k S.

ar ameS .gnar ameS.gn

li piSk ink eTnasur uJhailuK tatk iD.r iAayaDr e bmuSk ink eT.7891.idawr a jduS

.atr ak aygoY.MGU



NAR IPMAL



R ENOISIUK

)aya jrePnagnudneB(naahasurePmumUnaadaeK

.A Ptak gniShar a jeS naahasur e )aya jr ePnagnudneB(

.1 sur e pna paK naaha nak ir idid)aya jr ePnagnudneB( ?

.2 isak olanamiD naahasur e p )aya jr ePnagnudneB( ?

.B naahasur ePk ateLataT )aya jr ePnagnudneB(

.1

)aya jr ePnagnudneB(nanugna blaer asaula par eB ?

.2 naahasur e pk atelatata pA )aya jr ePnagnudneB( ir adnaha bur e pimalagnemini

k a jes gnar ak esia pmasnak ir idid ?

.C isasinagr Or utk ur tS )aya jr ePnagnudneB(naahasur eP

.1 isasinagr ometsisnadr utk ur tsanamiagaB )aya jr ePnagnudneB(naahasur e p ?

.2 a jr ek aganethalmuJa par eB ?

iraJnaalolegneP isagirInagn

.A )aya jr ePnagnudneB(r iAnahutu beK

.1 k a par eB ?isagir ik utnumisumr e pr ianahutu be

.2 ?isagir ik utnur iananayale psaula par eB

.3 nadida pnamanatsine jk utnumisumr e pisagir ir ianahutu bek a par eB

?a jiwala p

.4 ?A3P paiteshelonak hutu bidgnayr ianaulr e pek satisa pak a par eB

.5 ideyne psatisa pak r ase ba par eB r ianahutu bek k utnugnudne bada pr ianaa

?nar ulasada p



.B r ianaiga bmeP

.1 ?gnudne bsatisa pak nak r asadr e bmaladr ianaidesr eteK

.2 ?A3Pnahutu bek ihunememk utnur ianaiga bmeP

.3 ?r emir pnagnir a jada pr ianaiga bmeP

.4 li bmagne putni pidr ianahutu bek anacner nautneneP ?na

.5 ?gnudne bti bednadnar ulasti bednatatacneP

.6 ?hawask ate pek r iair ilagnemmaladtamagne pir adr ianaiga bme pnanayaL

.C )aya jr e pnagnudneB(naisar e pognePlawdaJ

.1 ?isagir inar ulasutni pisar e polawda janamiagaB

.a lamr o N

- nair aH

- nauggniM

- nanaluB

. b isnegr emE

- nair aH

- nauggniM

- nanaluB

.2 ?)r eisr et,r ednuk es,r emir p(isagir ir ianar ulasgna jna pa par eB

.3

pahaT - ?isagir inagnir a jnaalolegne pmalad pahat

.4 r otk aF - ?isagir inagnir a jnaalolegne pmaladaladnek ida jnemgnayr otk af



ar u patr aM ,

,iuhategneM

gni bmi bmeP

lanruJ nataigeK lawdaJ

idnagnapaLk itk arP gniremoK isagirIhareaD

ama N : asilrEaroD

laggnaT nataigeK ta pmeT gni bmi bmePf ar aP

dora

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